JP6396391B2 - 単鎖多価結合タンパク質 - Google Patents
単鎖多価結合タンパク質 Download PDFInfo
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Description
イドR1からなる群より選択される。
本発明の特定の実施形態では、エフェクター機能を有する多価結合タンパク質またはペプチドが2つ以上の結合ドメインポリペプチド配列を含む結合ドメイン-免疫グロブリン融合タンパク質を含めた、エフェクター機能を有する本明細書中に記載した多価結合タンパク質のうちの任意のものを提供する。結合ドメインポリペプチド配列のそれぞれが、抗原(または複数の抗原)などの標的(または複数の標的)と結合または特異的に結合することができ、標的または抗原は同じまたは異なっていてもよい。結合ドメインポリペプチド配列は、抗原可変領域に由来するか、または、免疫グロブリン様分子、例えば免疫グロブリン分子を模倣する様式で折り畳まれる受容体に由来し得る。結合ドメインが由来する抗体は、単一特異性ポリクローナルを含めたポリクローナル、モノクローナル(mAbs)、組換え、キメラ、ヒト化(CDR移植など)、ヒト、単鎖、触媒性の抗体、および当該技術分野で知られている任意の他の形態の抗体、ならびにその断片、変異体または誘導体であり得る。一部の実施形態では、本発明によるタンパク質の結合ドメインのそれぞれは、免疫グロブリンの完全な可変領域に由来する。好ましい実施形態では、結合ドメインは、それぞれヒトIg可変領域に基づく。他の実施形態では、タンパク質はIg可変領域の断片に由来する。そのような実施形態では、それぞれの結合ドメインポリペプチド配列が、所定のIg可変領域の相補性決定領域のそれぞれの配列に対応していることが好ましい。また、本発明内には、そのような結合ドメインが少なくとも1つの標的と特異的に結合する能力を保持している限りは、所定のIg可変領域のCDR全体よりも少ないものに対応する結合ドメインも企図される。
本発明はまた、本発明によるタンパク質またはペプチドをコードしているポリヌクレオチド(単離もしくは精製したまたは純粋なポリヌクレオチド)、そのようなポリヌクレオチドを含むベクター(クローニングベクターおよび発現ベクターを含む)、ならびに本発明によるポリヌクレオチドまたはベクターで形質転換またはトランスフェクションした細胞(例えば宿主細胞)を提供する。本発明のタンパク質またはポリペプチドのコードに関して、ポリヌクレオチドは、すべて免疫グロブリン、好ましくはヒト免疫グロブリンに由来する、第1の結合ドメイン、第2の結合ドメインおよびFCドメインをコードしている。それぞれの結合ドメインは、それぞれのそのような結合ドメインが特異的に結合する能力を保持している限りは、完全長の可変領域の配列(重鎖および/もしくは軽鎖のどちらか)またはその部分配列に対応する配列を含み得る。FCドメインは、FCドメインが本明細書中で定義した少なくとも1つのエフェクター機能を示す限りは、完全長の免疫グロブリンFCドメイン配列またはその部分配列に対応する配列を有し得る。さらに、結合ドメインのそれぞれを、典型的には長さが少なくとも8個、好ましくは少なくとも13個のアミノ酸であるリンカーペプチドを介してFCドメインと結合し得る。好ましいリンカー配列は、(Gly4Ser)3など、Gly4Serモチーフに基づいた配列である。
本発明はまた、ベクター、およびそれぞれに本発明のポリヌクレオチドまたは核酸が含まれることが知られているベクターから調製した構築物、ならびに、特に、本明細書中に定義する、エフェクター機能を有する、多価の、例えば二重特異性を含めた多特異性の結合タンパク質およびポリペプチドをコードしている任意の核酸が含まれる遺伝子治療に有用な送達構築物を含めた、様々な既知の構築物のうちの任意のものを含めた、組換え発現構築物に関し;また、本発明のベクターおよび/または他の構築物を用いた遺伝子操作した宿主細胞、ならびに、エフェクター機能を有する、多価の、例えば二重特異性を含めた多特異性の結合タンパク質をコードしている核酸配列を含む発現もしくは他の構築物、またはその断片もしくはその変異体を、組換え技術によって投与する方法にも関する。
本発明のさらなる態様は、本発明のポリヌクレオチドまたはクローニング/発現構築物のうちの任意のものを用いて形質転換もしくはトランスフェクションした、または他の様式でそれを含む宿主細胞を提供する。ポリヌクレオチドおよびクローニング/発現構築物は、形質転換、トランスフェクションおよび形質導入を含めた当該技術分野で知られている任意の方法を用いて、適切な細胞内に導入する。宿主細胞には、例えばex vivo遺伝子治療を含めた、ex vivo細胞治療を受けている対象の細胞が含まれる。本発明によるポリヌクレオチド、ベクター、またはタンパク質を保有している場合に本発明の一態様として企図される真核宿主細胞には、被験体の自己細胞(例えばヒト患者の自己細胞)に加えて、VERO細胞、HeLa細胞、チャイニーズハムスター(chinese hamster)卵巣(CHO)細胞株(発現された多価結合分子のグリコシル化パターンを改変させる能力を有する改変CHO細胞を含む、公開米国特許出願第2003/0115614A1号参照)、本明細書中に参照により組み込まれている、COS細胞(COS-7など)、W138、BHK、HepG2、3T3、RIN、MDCK、A549、PC12、K562、HEK293細胞、HepG2細胞、N細胞、3T3細胞、スポドプテラ・フルギペルダ細胞(例えばSf9細胞)、サッカロミセス・セレビジエ細胞、ならびに本発明によるタンパク質またはペプチドの発現および任意選択で単離に有用な、当該技術分野で知られている任意の他の真核細胞が含まれる。また、それだけには限定されないが、大腸菌、枯草菌、ネズミチフス菌、ストレプトマイセス菌、または、本発明によるタンパク質もしくはペプチドの発現および任意選択で単離に適していることが当該技術分野で知られている任意の原核細胞を含めた原核細胞が企図される。特に、原核細胞からタンパク質またはペプチドを単離するにあたって、タンパク質を封入体から抽出するための当該技術分野で知られている技術を使用し得ることが企図される。適切な宿主の選択は、本明細書中の教示から当業者の範囲内にある。
一部の実施形態では、多価結合タンパク質または本明細書中に記載のそのようなタンパク質をコードしているポリヌクレオチドを含む組成物などの本発明の組成物は、遺伝子治療などのために、宿主細胞中、in vivoまたはin vitroで、コードされたタンパク質の発現を可能する条件下かつ十分な時間投与することに適している。そのような組成物は、周知の方法に従って投与するための医薬組成物へと製剤化し得る。医薬組成物は、一般に、1つもしくは複数の組換え発現構築物、および/またはそのような構築物の発現産物を、製薬上許容される担体、賦形剤または希釈剤と組み合わせて含む。そのような担体は、用いる用量および濃度でレシピエントに対して無毒性である。核酸に基づいた製剤、または本発明による発現産物を含む製剤では、体重1kgあたり約0.01μg〜約100mgを、例えば、皮内、皮下、筋肉内もしくは静脈内経路、または所定の定められた状況下に適していると当該技術分野で知られている任意の経路によって投与する。好ましい用量は、例えば約1μg/kg〜約1mg/kgであり、約5μg/kg〜約200μg/kgが特に好ましい。
抗原ポリペプチドに対するポリクローナル抗体は、一般に、動物(例えば、ウサギ(rabbit)、ハムスター(hamster)、ヤギ(goat)、ヒツジ(sheep)、ウマ(horse)、ブタ(pig)、ラット(rat)、スナネズミ(gerbil)、モルモット(guinea pig)、マウス(mouse)、または任意の他の適切な哺乳動物、および他の非哺乳動物種)中で、抗原ポリペプチドまたはその断片およびアジュバントを複数回皮下または腹腔内注射することによって、産生する。アジュバントには、それだけには限定されないが、完全または不完全フロイントアジュバント、水酸化アルミニウムなどの鉱物ゲル、ならびにリゾレシチン、プルロニックポリオール、ポリアニオン、ペプチド、油乳剤、およびジニトロフェノールなどの界面活性物質が含まれる。BCG(カルメット-ゲラン桿菌)およびコリネバクテリウム・パルバム(Corynebacterium parvum)も、潜在的に有用なアジュバントである。抗原ポリペプチドを、免疫化する動物種において免疫原性である担体タンパク質とコンジュゲートさせることが有用であり得る。典型的な担体には、キーホールリンペットヘモシアニン、血清アルブミン、ウシサイログロブリン、またはダイズトリプシンインヒビターが含まれる。また、ミョウバンなどの凝血剤を用いて免疫応答を増強させる。免疫化後、動物から採血し、従来技術を用いて、血清を、抗抗原ポリペプチドの抗体価についてアッセイする。ポリクローナル抗体は、それらが検出された血清中で利用するか、または、例えば抗原アフィニティークロマトグラフィーを用いて血清から精製し得る。
一例では、1つまたは複数のアミノ酸残基が特異的結合剤のアミノ酸配列に追加されている挿入変異体を提供する。挿入は、タンパク質の一方もしくは両方の末端に位置するか、または特異的結合剤のアミノ酸配列の内部領域内に配置されていてよい。また、本発明の変異体産物には、成熟特異的結合剤、すなわち、リーダーまたはシグナル配列が除去されており、その結果生じるタンパク質が追加のアミノ末端残基を有する特異的結合剤が含まれる。追加のアミノ末端残基は、別のタンパク質に由来するか、または特定のタンパク質に由来すると同定できない1つもしくは複数の残基を含み得る。位置-1で追加のメチオニン残基を有するポリペプチド(例えば、エフェクター機能を有するMet-1-多価結合ペプチド)が企図され、位置-2および-1で追加のメチオニンおよびリシン残基を有する本発明のポリペプチド(エフェクター機能を有するMet-2-Lys-1-多価結合タンパク質)も企図される。追加のMet、Met-Lys、もしくはLys残基(または一般に1つもしくは複数の塩基性残基)を有する本発明のポリペプチドの変異体が、細菌宿主細胞における増強された組換えタンパク質の産生に特に有用である。
特定の戦略が、非免疫グロブリンに基づいた結合分子では利用可能でないが、抗原に特異的な免疫グロブリン(例えば抗体)の固有の特性の操作で利用可能である。これらの代替方法を超えて例えば抗体に基づいた分子を好む戦略のよい例は、親和性成熟による、その標的に対する抗体の親和性のin vivo調節であり、これは、免疫グロブリン遺伝子体性高頻度変異の利点をとって、免疫応答が進行するにつれて増加している親和性の抗体を与える。さらに、免疫グロブリンならびに免疫グロブリンの領域およびドメインの構造を変更させる組換え技術が開発されている。したがって、所定の抗原に対して変更された親和性を示す、抗体に由来するポリペプチドを産生してよく、また、これらのポリペプチドを同定かつ精製または単離するためのいくつかの精製プロトコルおよびモニタリングスクリーニングが当該技術分野で知られている。これらの既知の技術を用いて、抗原に対して低下または増加した親和性を示す、抗体由来の結合ドメインを含むポリペプチドを得ることができる。変更された親和性を示すポリペプチド変異体を作製する戦略には、タンパク質中に存在するアミノ酸を変化させるための、抗体をコードしているDNAの部位特異的またはランダム突然変異誘発の使用、続いて、所望の変化、例えば未改変の親または参照抗体と比較して増加または低下した親和性を示す抗体変異体を回収するために設計したスクリーニングステップが含まれる。
様々な発現ベクター/宿主系を、本発明の多価結合タンパク質(エフェクター機能を有する)を含むおよび発現するように利用し得る。これらの系には、それだけには限定されないが、微生物、例えば、組換えバクテリオファージ、プラスミド、コスミド、もしくは他の発現ベクターで形質転換させた細菌;酵母発現もしくはシャトルベクターで形質転換させた酵母;ウイルス発現ベクター(例えばバキュロウイルス)を感染させた昆虫細胞株;ウイルス発現ベクター(例えば、カリフラワーモザイクウイルス、CaMV;タバコモザイクウイルス、TMV)でトランスフェクションさせた、もしくは細菌発現ベクター(例えば、TiもしくはpBR322プラスミド)で形質転換させた植物細胞株;または動物細胞株が含まれる。組換え多価結合タンパク質の産生に有用な哺乳動物細胞には、それだけには限定されないが、VERO細胞、HeLa細胞、チャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞株、COS細胞(COS-7など)、W138、BHK、HepG2、3T3、RIN、MDCK、A549、PC12、K562およびHEK293細胞が含まれる。多価結合タンパク質の組換え発現の例示的なプロトコルを、本明細書中以下に記載する。
タンパク質精製技術は当業者に周知である。これらの技術は、一定のレベルで、ポリペプチドおよび非ポリペプチド画分の粗分画を含む。多価結合ポリペプチドを少なくとも1つの他のタンパク質から分離した後、目的のポリペプチドを精製するが、部分的または完全な完全精製(もしくは均一になるまでの精製)を達成するためのクロマトグラフィーおよび電気泳動技術を用いたさらなる精製が、多くの場合所望される。純粋な多価結合ペプチドの調製に特に適した分析方法は、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー、排除クロマトグラフィー;ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動;および等電点電気泳動である。ペプチドを精製する特に効率的な方法は高速タンパク質液体クロマトグラフィーおよびHPLCである。
標的細胞に対して、例えば、ADCC、ADCP(抗体依存性細胞貪食)などを誘発させるエフェクター細胞には、ヒト白血球、マクロファージ、単球、活性好中球、活性ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞、および好酸球が含まれる。エフェクター細胞は、FCαR(CD89)、FcγRI、FcγRII、FcγRIII、および/またはFCεR1を発現し、これには、例えば単球および活性好中球が含まれる。例えば、FcγRIの発現は、インターフェロンγ(IFN-γ)によってアップレギュレーションされることが見出されている。この増強された発現は、標的細胞に対する単球および好中球の細胞傷害活性を増加させる。したがって、細胞の表面上のFcγRIの存在を増加させるために、本発明の多価タンパク質と接触させる前に、エフェクター細胞を(IFN-γ)または他のサイトカイン(例えば、TNF-αもしくはβ、コロニー刺激因子、IL-2)で活性化させ得る。
細胞を含まない効果も、例えばCDC機能性を提供することによって、本発明の多価分子によって提供される。補体系は、病原体などの外来物質を生物から排除することを支援する免疫系の生化学的カスケードである。これは、標的細胞の形質膜を破壊することによって標的細胞の細胞溶解を誘発させるために一緒になって働く多数の小さな血漿タンパク質に由来する。補体系は、35個を超える可溶性および細胞結合タンパク質からなり、そのうちの12個は、補体経路に直接関与している。タンパク質は、補体系の活性化をもたらす3つの生化学的経路、すなわち、古典的な補体経路、代替補経路、およびマンノース結合レクチン経路中で活性である。抗体、特にIgG1クラスは、補体を「固定」することもできる。これらの経路の詳細な理解が当該技術分野で達成されており、ここでは繰り返さないが、補体依存性細胞傷害が結合分子と免疫系の細胞、例えばB細胞との相互作用に依存性でないことは、注記すべきである。また、補体系が補体調節タンパク質によって調節されることも、注記すべきである。これらのタンパク質は、血漿中に補体タンパク質よりも高い濃度で存在する。補体調節タンパク質は自己細胞の表面上に見つかり、自己細胞が補体タンパク質によって標的化されることを防ぐ機構を提供する。補体系は、バラケー-シモンズ症候群、アルツハイマー病、喘息、エリテマトーデス、様々な形態の関節炎、自己免疫心疾患、および多発性硬化症などの免疫構成要素を有するいくつかの疾患において役割を果たすことが予測される。最終経路中の欠陥は、個体を自己免疫疾患および感染症(特に髄膜炎)のどちらにも罹りやすくする。
本発明は、1つまたは複数の結合パートナーと結合する、エフェクター機能を有する多価結合タンパク質、ならびにその変異体および誘導体を提供し、これらの結合事象は、疾患、障害または病的状態、好ましくはヒトが罹患するものに関連する症状の治療、予防、または寛解に有用である。これらの方法の好ましい実施形態では、エフェクター機能を有する多価(および多特異性)結合タンパク質は、腫瘍に特異的な細胞表面マーカーなどの標的を保有する細胞を、細胞傷害活性を示す免疫系の細胞などのエフェクター細胞と会合させる。他の実施形態では、エフェクター機能を有する多特異性の多価結合タンパク質は、正しい標的が免疫系の細胞傷害性細胞などのエフェクター細胞と確実に会合するように、2つの異なる疾患、障害または状態に特異的な細胞表面マーカーと特異的に結合する。さらに、エフェクター機能を有する多価結合タンパク質を用いて、抗原活性を誘発もしくは増加させるか、または抗原活性を阻害することができる。また、エフェクター機能を有する多価結合タンパク質は、組合せ療法および対症レジメンにも適している。
当該技術分野で知られている任意の方法を用いて、所定の抗原標的に対して抗体を誘発することができる。さらに、当該技術分野で知られている任意の方法を用いて、免疫グロブリンの軽鎖および/または重鎖可変領域、ならびに抗体または複数の抗体の定常部分領域をクローニングすることができる。以下の方法は、例示的なクローニング方法を提供する。
免疫グロブリンの重鎖および軽鎖可変領域、または定常部分領域をクローニングするために、全RNAを、適切な抗体を分泌しているハイブリドーマ細胞から単離する。ハイブリドーマ細胞株からの細胞(2×107個)を1×PBSで洗浄し、12×75mmの丸底ポリプロピレンチューブ(Falcon no.2059)中で遠心分離することによってペレット化する。TRIzol(商標)全RNA単離試薬(Gibco BRL、Life Technologies、カタログ番号15596-018)をそれぞれのチューブに加え(8ml)、繰り返しのピペット操作によって細胞を溶解する。溶解物を5分間、室温でインキュベーションした後、1.6ml(0.2×体積)のクロロホルムを加え、15秒間激しく振盪する。3分間室温で静置した後、水相および有機相を分離するために、溶解物を、事前に4℃に冷却したBeckman JA-17ローター内で、9,000rpmで15分間、遠心分離する。上の水相(約4.8ml)を新しいチューブに移し、4mlのイソプロパノールと穏やかに混合する。室温で10分間インキュベーションした後、9,000rpm、4℃で、JA-17ローター内で11分間、遠心分離することによってRNAを沈殿させる。RNAペレットを8mlの氷冷75%のエタノールで洗浄し、7,000×rpmで7分間、JA-17ローターで、4℃で遠心分離することによって再度ペレット化する。エタノール洗浄液をデカントし、RNAペレットを10分間空気乾燥させる。RNAペレットを、1μlのRNase阻害剤(カタログ番号799017;Boehringer Mannheim/Roche)/1mlのDEPC処理ddH2Oを含む、150μlのジエチルピロカーボネート(DEPC)処理ddH2Oに再懸濁させる。穏やかなピペット操作によってペレットを再懸濁させ、20分間、55℃でインキュベーションする。希釈したアリコートのOD260nmを測定することによってRNA試料を定量する(1.0OD260nm単位=40μg/mlのRNA)。
重鎖および軽鎖可変領域、または定常部分領域の末端を増幅するために、5'RACEを実施する。cDNA末端迅速増幅5'RACEシステムのキットバージョン2.0(Life Technologies、カタログ番号18374-058)を、製造者の指示に従って用いる。変性5'RACEオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーは、オリゴヌクレオチ設計プログラムOligoバージョン5.1(Molecular Biology Insights、コロラド州Cascade)を用いて、例えば、マウス免疫グロブリンの重鎖の2つの共通クラス(IgG1およびIgG2b)の定常領域とマッチするように設計される。また、プライマーは、マウスIgGκ軽鎖の定常領域とマッチするように設計される。唯一の免疫グロブリンの軽鎖のクラスであるので、プライマーの設計に縮重は必要ない。プライマーの配列は以下のとおりである:
名称 配列 配列番号
重鎖GSP1
5'AGGTGCTGGAGGGGACAGTCACTGAGCTGC3' 7
入れ子型重鎖
5'GTCACWGTCACTGRCTCAGGGAARTAGC3' 8
(W=AまたはT;R=AまたはG)
軽鎖GSP1
5'GGGTGCTGCTCATGCTGTAGGTGCTGTCTTTGC3' 9
入れ子型軽鎖 5'CAAGAAGCACACGACTG
AGGCACCTCCAGATG3' 10
5'Race短縮アンカープライマー
5'GGCCACGCGTCGACTAGTACGG
GNNGGGNNGGGNNG3' 11。
それぞれの第1鎖のcDNA試料について、以下の構成要素を0.2mlの薄壁PCRチューブに加える:6.5μlのDEPC処理ddH2O、5.0μlの5×テイル付け緩衝液、2.5μlの2mMのdCTP、および10μlの適切なGlassMAXで精製したcDNA試料。DNAを変性させるためにそれぞれの24μlの反応物を94℃のサーマルサイクラーで2〜3分間インキュベーションし、濡れた氷上で1分間冷却する。チューブの内容物を手短な遠心分離によって回収する。続いて、1μlの末端デオキシヌクレオチジルトランスフェラーゼ(TdT)をそれぞれのチューブに加える。チューブを穏やかなピペット操作によって混合し、10分間、37℃で、PTC-100サーマルサイクラーでインキュベーションする。この10分間のインキュベーションに続いて、65℃で10分間のサイクルを行うことによってTdTを熱で失活させる。反応物を氷上で冷却し、TdT-テイル付けされた第1鎖のcDNAを-20℃で保存する。
2連のPCR増幅(それぞれのdC-テイル付けした第1鎖cDNA試料について2つの独立したPCR反応)を、200μMのdNTP、0.4μMの5'RACE短縮アンカープライマー(配列番号11)、および0.4μMの入れ子型重鎖GSP2(配列番号8)または入れ子型軽鎖GSP2(配列番号10)のどちらか、10mMのトリス-HCl(pH8.3)、1.5mMのMgCl2、50mMのKCl、5μlのdC-テイル付けしたcDNA、および5単位のExpand(商標)Hi-Fi DNAポリメラーゼ(Roche/Boehringer Mannheim GmbH、ドイツ)を含む、50μlの体積で行う。PCR反応物は、PTC-100プログラム可能サーマルサイクラー(MJ Research Inc.)中、以下の条件を用いて、「タッチダウン/タッチアップ」アニーリング温度プロトコルを用いて増幅した:95℃で40秒間の最初の変性、94℃で20秒間、61℃-2℃/サイクルで20秒間、72℃で40秒間+1秒間/サイクルを5サイクル、続いて94℃で25秒間、53℃+1℃/サイクルで20秒間、72℃で46秒間+1秒間/サイクルを5サイクル、続いて94℃で25秒間、55℃で20秒間、72℃で51秒間+1秒間/サイクルを20サイクル、および72℃で5分間の最終インキュベーション。
生じたPCR産物を、製造者の指示書に従って、QIAQuickゲル精製システム(QIAGEN Inc.、カリフォルニア州Chatsworth)を用いて1.0%のアガロースゲルからゲル精製し、TOPO TAクローニング(登録商標)キット(Invitrogen、カリフォルニア州San Diego、カタログ番号K4550-40)を用いてpCR2.1内にTA-クローニングし、大腸菌TOP10F'細胞(Invitrogen)内に形質転換させる。インサートを有するクローンを、製造者の指示に従って青/白スクリーニングによって同定し、ここでは、白色のクローンが陽性クローンとみなされる。50μg/mlのアンピシリンを含む3.5mlの液体ルリアブロス(LB)の培養物に白色コロニーを接種し、37℃で終夜(約16時間)、225rpmで振盪しながら増殖させる。
この方法は、免疫グロブリンのV領域または他の遺伝子を合成するために、重複オリゴヌクレオチドプライマーおよびフィデリティーの高いDNAポリメラーゼまたはポリメラーゼ混合物のどちらかを用いたPCRの使用を含む。V領域の配列の中間から開始して、40〜50個の塩基のプライマーを、成長する鎖が両方向に20〜30個の塩基が伸長され、連続的プライマーの最低20個の塩基が重複するように設計する。それぞれのPCRステップは、成長する二本鎖PCR産物を作製するために、2つのプライマーを必要とする。すなわち、一方(フォワードまたはセンスプライマー)はアンチセンス鎖をプライムし、他方(リバースまたはアンチセンスプライマー)はセンス鎖をプライムする。プライマーの設計中、制限酵素部位を作製する、既存の制限酵素部位を破壊する、柔軟なリンカーを加える、アミノ酸配列を変更する塩基を変化、欠失または挿入させる、プライマー合成を増強するために全体的なDNA配列を最適化する、および合成遺伝子の発現において使用を企図する生物にコドン使用頻度規則を適合させるために、最終産物のヌクレオチド配列に変化を行うことができる。
2H7(VL-リンカー-VH)と命名した、単鎖組換え(マウス/ヒト)scFvの形の結合ドメイン1を含む、エフェクター機能を有する多特異性の多価結合タンパク質を構築した。scFv 2H7は、CD20を特異的に認識する小モジュール免疫薬剤(SMIP)である。結合ドメインは、公的に利用可能なヒトCD20抗体配列GenBank登録番号、VHはM17953号、VLはM17954号に基づく。CD20に特異的なSMIPは、その全体が参照により本明細書中に組み込まれる共同所有の米国特許公開第2003/133939号、同第2003/0118592号および同第2005/0136049号に記載されている。VLおよびVHを分離するペプチドリンカーは、配列:Asp-Gly3Ser-(Gly4Ser)2をコードしている15個のアミノ酸のリンカーであった。結合ドメイン1は多特異的結合タンパク質のN末端に位置し、そのドメインのC末端は、ヒンジ、CH2およびCH3ドメイン(アミノからカルボキシの方向)を含む定常部分領域のN末端と直接連結している。定常部分領域はIgG1抗体に由来し、これは、ヒトPBMCからのヒトIgG1のPCR増幅によって単離した。ヒンジ領域は、15個のアミノ酸配列:EPKSCDKTHTCPPCP(配列番号14;Ser残基で置き換えられる3個のCys残基を下線で示す)によってコードされているヒトIgG1ヒンジドメインの野生型中に存在する3個のCys残基を、3個のSer残基で置換することによって改変した。別の実施形態では、ヒンジ領域は、SSSおよびCSC形のヒンジが生じるように1つまたは複数のシステインの位置で改変されている。さらに、最後のプロリンを、セリンおよびシステイン置換によって置換した場合もある。
実施例2に記載のように定常部分領域と連結した合成2H7 scFv(抗CD20;配列番号1)を含む核酸はTRU-015と命名した。TRU-015の核酸、ならびに小モジュール免疫薬剤をコードしている合成scFv 2E12(抗CD28VL-VH;配列番号3)および合成scFv 2E12(抗CD28 VH-VL;配列番号5)の核酸を、スコーピオンカセットの様々な構成要素のPCR増幅の鋳型として用いた。結合ドメイン1および定常部分領域の鋳型、または骨格は、TRU-015(定常部分領域と連結したscFv 2H7(抗CD20)をコードしている核酸)によって提供され、この鋳型を発現ベクターpD18中で構築した。二方向のどちらか(VL-VHおよびVH-VL)のscFv 2E12を含む上述の核酸は、結合ドメイン2のコード領域を提供する。
SSSヒンジを含む形の合成2H7 scFv IgG1を用いて、既存の終止コドンおよびXbaI部位を置き換えてEcoRI部位を付加するための鋳型として役割を果たすことによって、スコーピオンカセットを作製した。この分子を、プライマー9(配列番号23;表1参照)およびプライマー87(配列番号40;表1参照)ならびにPlatinum PCR High Fidelity混合物(Invitrogen)を用いたPCRによって増幅した。生じた1.5Kbpの断片を精製し、ベクターpCR2.1-TOPO(Invitrogen)内にクローニングし、大腸菌株TOP10(Invitrogen)内に形質転換させ、DNA配列を確認した。
オリゴヌクレオチド特異的PCR突然変異誘発を用いて、表1のプライマー3および5を使用して、TRU015 VKではAgeI(ACCGGT)制限部位をコード領域の5'末端に、(G4S)3リンカーではNhe I(GCTAGC)制限部位をコード領域の3'末端に導入した。プライマー3はヒトVK3リーダー(gb:X01668号)の最後の6個のアミノ酸もコードしているので、重複PCRを用いて、表1のプライマー1、2および5を使用して、コンセンサスKozakボックスおよびHinDIII(AAGCTT)制限部位を含めたリーダーのN末端配列を逐次的に付加した。
プライマー4および6(それぞれ配列番号18および20;表1)を用いて、TRU-015のVKと融合させるためにNheI部位の5'を有し、3'末端接合部でXho I(5'-CTCGAG-3')部位を有する、IgG1ヒンジ-CH2CH3ドメインを有するTRU-015 VHを再度増幅した。同様に、表1のプライマー8および9を用いてIgG1ヒンジ-CH2-CH3領域を増幅し、クローニングのために5'Xho I部位を導入し、既存の3'末端をEcoRI(5'-GAATTC-3')部位で置き換え、CH3ドメインの下流に連結した結合ドメイン2の翻訳を可能にするために終止コドンを破壊した。この形のスコーピオンカセットは、接頭辞「n」によって以前に記載したカセットと区別する。
カセットと適合性のある2E12 scFvを作製するために、表1の重複オリゴヌクレオチドプライマー17および18を用いて内部Xba I(5'-TCTAGA-3')部位を破壊する必要があった。これら2つのプライマーを、プライマーペア14/16(VL-VH)または13/15(VH-VL)と組み合わせて使用して、2つの逆方向の結合ドメインを、それらがどちらもそれぞれその5'および3'末端でEcoRIおよびXbaI部位を保有するように増幅した。また、プライマー13および16は、Xba I部位の直前に終止コドン(TAA)をコードしている。
エフェクタードメイン-結合ドメイン2リンカーの付加。(STDリンカー-STD1およびSTD2)
表1の相補的プライマー11および12を合わせ、70℃まで加熱し、2本の鎖のアニーリングを可能にするために室温までゆっくりと冷却した。製造者のプロトコルを用いて、1mMのATP(Roche)を含む1×ライゲーション緩衝液中のT4ポリヌクレオチドキナーゼ(Roche)を使用して、5'リン酸基を付加した。その後、生じた二本鎖リンカーを、T4DNAリガーゼ(Roche)を用いて、IgG1のCH3末端のコード領域と結合ドメイン2の開始点との間のEcoRI部位内にライゲートした。生じたDNA構築物を、リンカー-BD2接合部でのEcoRI部位およびCH3-リンカー接合部でのヌクレオチド配列GAATTAの存在についてスクリーニングした。その後、正しいSTD1リンカー構築物をEcoRIで再度消化し、リンカーライゲーションを繰り返して、Lx1配列の2つ(STD2)の同一の反復からなるリンカーを有する分子を生成した。DNA構築物を上記のように再度スクリーニングした。
発現の研究を、エフェクター機能を有する多価結合タンパク質をコードしている上述の核酸で行った。多価結合タンパク質をコードしている核酸をCOS細胞内に一過的にトランスフェクションし、トランスフェクションされた細胞を、これらの細胞中での異種遺伝子発現を可能にする周知の条件下で維持した。PEIまたはDEAE-デキストランを用いて、以前に記載されているように、DNAをCOS細胞内に一過的にトランスフェクションした(PEI=本明細書中に参照により組み込まれるBoussif O.他、PNAS 92:7297-7301、(1995);本明細書中に参照により組み込まれるPollard H.他、JBC 273:7507-7511、(1998))。新しい形態のそれぞれの平均発現レベルを決定するために、それぞれの新しい分子の複数の独立したトランスフェクションを行った。PEIによるトランスフェクションには、COS細胞を60mmの組織培養プレート上に、DMEM/10%FBS培地中でプレートし、トランスフェクションの日に約90%コンフルエントとなっているように終夜インキュベーションした。培地を、抗生物質を含まない無血清DMEMに変更し、4時間インキュベーションした。トランスフェクション培地(4ml/プレート)は、50μgのPEIおよび10〜20μgの目的のDNAプラスミドを含む無血清DMEMを含んでいた。トランスフェクション培地をボルテックスすることによって混合し、室温で15分間インキュベーションし、既存の培地を吸引した後にプレートに加えた。培養物を3〜7日間インキュベーションした後、上清を回収した。培養上清を、SDS-PAGE、ウェスタンブロッティングによってタンパク質発現についてアッセイし、フローサイトメトリーによって結合を確認し、機能をADCC、CDC、および共培養実験を含めた様々なアッセイを用いてアッセイした。
試料を粗培養上清(通常30μl/ウェル)または8μgのタンパク質/ウェルを含む精製タンパク質のアリコートのどちらかから調製し、2×トリス-グリシンSDS緩衝液(Invitrogen)を1×最終濃度まで加えた。分子量標準を提供するために10μlのSeeBlueマーカー(Invitrogen、カリフォルニア州Carlsbad)を流した。多価結合(融合)タンパク質変異体を、4〜20%のNovexトリス-グリシンゲル(Invitrogen、カリフォルニア州San Diego)上のSDS-PAGE分析に供した。試料を、95℃で3分間加熱した後、還元的または非還元的条件下でNovexトリス-グリシンSDSサンプルバッファー(2×)を用いてロードし、続いて175Vで60分間電気泳動した。電気泳動は、1×Novexトリス-グリシンSDSランニング緩衝液を用いて行った(Invitrogen)。
結合の研究を行ってCD20/CD28多特異性の多価結合ペプチドの二重特異的結合特性を評価する。最初に、WIL2-S細胞を96ウェルプレートに加え、細胞をペレット化するために遠心分離した。播種したプレートに、20μg/mlから0.16μg/mlまでの2倍力価をプレートにわたって使用して、CD20/CD28精製タンパク質を加えた。TRU-015(結合ドメイン1供給源)精製タンパク質の2倍希釈系列も播種したプレートのウェルに加え、TRU-015の濃度は20μg/mlから0.16μg/mlまでに及んだ。タンパク質を含まない1つのウェルがバックグラウンド対照として役割を果たした。
本実施例では、図6の表に示した様々なリンカー形の構築を記載する。
スコーピオン分子の発現および結合に対するCH3-BD2リンカーの長さおよび組成の効果を調査するために、既存の分子2H7sssIgG1-Lx1-2e12HLを異なるリンカーを有する大きなセットの類似の構築物と比較する実験を設計した。2H7sssIgG1-Lx1-2e12HLを鋳型として用いて、オリゴヌクレオチド表2に記載のプライマーを使用して一連のPCR反応を行い、これにより、長さが0〜16個のアミノ酸と変動するリンカーが作製された。これらのリンカーは、BsrGI部位から、EcoRI部位のリンカー-BD2の接合部をコードしている核酸の末端までのCH3のコード領域にわたる核酸断片として構築した。
本実施例では、リンカー位置2に様々なリンカー(H1〜H7)が存在する「プロトタイプ」2H7-sssIgG-Hx-2e12 VHVL構築物の一連の発現および結合の研究の結果を示す。これらのタンパク質のそれぞれは、大規模のCOSの一過性トランスフェクションによって発現させ、以前の実施例に記載のようにプロテインAアフィニティークロマトグラフィーを用いて分子を精製した。その後、精製タンパク質をSDS-PAGE、ウェスタンブロッティング、フローサイトメトリーによって分析する結合の研究、および生物活性の機能的アッセイを含めた分析に供した。
プロテインAで精製した物質を用い、一定量、すなわち0.72μg/mlの結合(融合)タンパク質を研究したそれぞれの変異体で用いたこと以外は以前の実施例に記載のように、結合の研究を行った。図7は、それぞれのリンカー変異体および2e12の方向変異体の、CD20およびCD28標的細胞の両方に対する結合特性を比較する柱状グラフを示す。H1〜H6とは、H1〜H6リンカーおよびVH-VLの方向の2e12を有する構築物をいう。L1〜L6とは、H1〜H6リンカーおよびVL-VHの方向の2e12を有する構築物をいう。データにより、2e12に対する結合ドメイン2の特異性は、LHの方向(試料L1〜L6)の場合よりもHLの方向(試料H1〜H6)で存在する場合ではるかにより効率的に結合することが実証された。リンカーの長さの効果は、次の図の組で示すように、より長いリンカーを有する分子は、カルボキシ末端でCD28結合特異性が欠損している一部の単一特異性の切断された分子を含むという発見によって、複雑になっている。選択したリンカーの結合に取り組む他の実験を行い、結果を図10、12、および13に示す。
試料を、8μgのタンパク質/ウェルを含む精製タンパク質アリコートから調製し、2×トリス-グリシンSDS緩衝液(Invitrogen)を1×最終濃度まで加えた。還元試料/ゲルには、10×還元緩衝液を1×まで試料+トリス-グリシンSDS緩衝液に加えた。分子量標準を提供するために10μlのSeeBlueマーカー(Invitrogen、カリフォルニア州Carlsbad)を流した。多価結合(融合)タンパク質変異体を、4〜20%のNovexトリス-グリシンゲル(Invitrogen、カリフォルニア州San Diego)上のSDS-PAGE分析に供した。試料を、95℃で3分間加熱した後、還元的または非還元的条件下でNovexトリス-グリシンSDSサンプルバッファー(2×)を用いてロードし、続いて175Vで60分間電気泳動した。電気泳動は、1×Novexトリス-グリシンSDSランニング緩衝液(Invitrogen)を用いて行った。ゲルを電気泳動した後にクマシーSDS PAGE R-250染色中で30分間攪拌しながら染色し、少なくとも1時間脱染色した。図8は、[2H7-sss-hIgG P238S/P331S-Hx-2e12 VHVL]多価結合(融合)タンパク質変異体のクマシー染色した非還元および還元ゲル、ならびに対照試料としてTRU-015および2e12 HLSMIPを示す。リンカーの長さが増加するにつれて、だいたいSMIPの大きさ(または52kDa)で流れるタンパク質の量が増加する。このバンドにおけるタンパク質の量の増加は、約90kDaで流れる上部バンドにおけるタンパク質の量の低下に対応する。ゲルデータは、完全長の分子がリンカーの位置またはその付近で切断されて、BD2領域を欠く分子が生じることを示している。より小さなBD2断片は存在せず、これは、(1)リンカー配列中のヌクレオチド配列が、より小さな断片をスプライシングされたRNA転写産物から除去する潜在性のスプライス部位を生じている可能性があること、または(2)タンパク質が完全な大きさのポリペプチドの翻訳後にタンパク質分解によって切断されており、より小さなBD2断片が不安定である、すなわちタンパク質分解性のプロセシングを受けやすいことを示している。これらの分子の一部のウェスタンブロッティングにより、タンパク質はすべてCD20 B
D1配列を含むが、より小さなバンドはCD28 BD2反応性を欠いていることが示された。「裸」のscFvの大きさ(25〜27kDa)で遊走するより小さなバンドはどのゲルまたはブロットでも観察されず、これは、このより小さなペプチド断片が試料中に存在しないことを示している。
図9は、それぞれの単一特異性SMIPと比較した2H7-sss-hIgG-H6多価結合(融合)タンパク質のウェスタンブロッティングの結果を示す。
図10は、精製した2H7-sss-hIgG-Hx-2e12融合タンパク質で行った結合の研究の結果を示す。結合の研究を行ってCD20/CD28多特異的結合ペプチドの二重特異的結合特性を評価した。最初に、従来技術を用いてWIL2-S細胞をプレートした。播種したプレートに、20μg/mlから0.16μg/mlまでの2倍力価をプレートにわたって使用して、CD20/CD28精製タンパク質を加えた。TRU-015(結合ドメイン1の供給源)の精製タンパク質の2倍希釈系列も播種したプレートのウェルに加え、TRU-015の濃度は20μg/mlから0.16μg/mlまでに及んだ。タンパク質を含まない1つのウェルがバックグラウンド対照として役割を果たした。
多価結合(融合)タンパク質のより小さなサブセットを用いて第2の一連の実験を行い(図12および13参照)、ここではリンカーH3、H6、およびH7を比較した。データは、結合レベルはCD28でCD20の結合よりも顕著に低下するが、どちらもリンカーの長さが増加するにつれてわずかに低下することを実証している。さらに、データは、H7リンカーがどちらの抗原に対しても最も高いレベルの結合を示したことを示している。これらのデータは、プロテインAで精製した多価結合(融合)タンパク質を用いて得たが、SECによってさらに精製していないので、複数の形の分子が溶液中に存在していた可能性がある。また、結果では、結合曲線は、リンカーH6について溶液中に存在する顕著な量の単一特異性形態を完全に反映していないように見えるので、切断された形態が真の多価ポリペプチドよりも安定性が低い可能性があることも示された。
WIL-2S細胞の表面上のCD20との結合をCD28 BD2に特異的な試薬を用いて検出する別の結合アッセイを行い(図13参照)、これにより、両方の標的抗原に対する同時結合が起こり、BD1およびBD2がどちらも同じ多特異的結合(融合)タンパク質上に結合され得ることが実証された(図12を参照)。このアッセイは、タンパク質の多特異的結合特性を実証している。
プロトタイプCD20-CD28多特異的結合分子に加えて、CD37およびCD3結合ドメインを含めた代替結合ドメイン2領域を用いて2つの他の形態を作製した。また、[2H7-sss-IgG-Hx/STDx-2e12 HL]多特異的結合(融合)タンパク質について記載したリンカードメインのいくつかを用いても、分子を作製した。これらのさらなる多特異的結合(融合)分子の構築を以下に記載する。
G28-1 LHおよびG28-1 HL SMIPを鋳型として用いて、LHおよびHL抗CD37結合ドメインを、そのフランキング制限部位がスコーピオンカセットと適合性のあるようにPCRによって変更した。プライマー27(LH)または36(HL)のどちらかを用いてEcoRI部位をそれぞれのscFvの5'末端に導入し、プライマー28(LH)または35(HL)のどちらかを用いて終止コドン/XbaI部位を3'末端に導入した。生じたDNAをEcoRI-XbaIで消化したpD18-2H7sssIgG-STD1内にクローニングした。
2H7sssIgG1-Hx-2e12 HL DNAをBsrGIおよびEcoRIで消化し、325bpの断片はIgG1のC末端およびリンカーからなる。これらを、BsrGI-EcoRIを用いてSTD1リンカーを除去し、2H7sssIgG1-Hx-2e12 HLクローンからの対応するリンカーで置き換えることによって、2H7sssIgG1-STD1-G19-4 HL中の対応する領域を置換した。
G19-4 LHおよびG19-4 HL SMIPを鋳型として用いて、LHおよびHL抗CD3結合ドメインを、そのフランキング制限部位がスコーピオンカセットと適合性のあるようにPCRによって変更した。プライマー27(LH)または36(HL)のどちらかを用いてEcoRI部位をそれぞれのscFvの5'末端に導入し、プライマー28(LH)または35(HL)のどちらかを用いて終止コドン/XbaI部位を3'末端に導入した。生じたDNAをEcoRI-XbaIで消化したpD18-2H7sssIgG-STD1内にクローニングした。
2H7sssIgG1-Hx-2e12 HL DNAをBsrGIおよびEcoRIで消化し、325bpの断片はIgG1のC末端およびリンカーからなる。これらを、BsrGI-EcoRIを用いてSTD1リンカーを除去し、2H7sssIgG1-Hx-2e12 HLクローンからの対応するリンカーで置き換えることによって、2H7sssIgG1-STD1-G19-4 HL中の対応する領域を置換した。
プロトタイプCD20-IgG-CD28多特異的結合(融合)分子について上述した実験に並行した実験を、上述のさらなる多価結合分子のそれぞれについて実施した。一般に、これらのさらなる分子について得られたデータは、プロトタイプ分子について観察された結果と並行している。これらの実験の顕著な結果の一部を以下に開示する。図14は、BD1およびBD2がどちらも同じ細胞または細胞種上の標的抗原、この場合はCD20およびCD37と結合する、新しい分子の1つで行ったブロッキング研究の結果を示す。この多特異性の多価結合(融合)タンパク質は、結合ドメイン1がCD20と結合し(2H7;VLVHの方向)、結合ドメイン2がCD37と結合する(G28-1 VL-VH(LH)またはVH-VL(HL))ように設計した。実験は、タンパク質の多特異性特性を実証するために行った。
図15は、CD20-CD37多特異的結合(融合)タンパク質で行ったADCCアッセイの結果を示す。ADCCアッセイは、BJABリンパ芽球腫B細胞を標的とし、ヒトPBMCをエフェクター細胞として用いて行った。BJAB細胞を、500μCi/mlの51Crクロム酸ナトリウム(250μCi/μg)を用いて、2時間、37℃、IMDM/10%FBS中で標識した。標識した細胞をRPMI.10%のFBSで3回洗浄し、4×105個の細胞/mlでRPMIに再懸濁させた。ヘパリン化したヒト全血を匿名の院内ドナーから得て、PBMCを、リンパ球分離培地(LSM、ICN Biomedical)勾配での分画によって単離した。バフィーコートを収集し、RPMI/10%のFBSで2回洗浄した後、RPMI/10%のFBSに5×106個の細胞/mlの最終濃度で再懸濁させた。細胞を、赤血球計を用いたトリパンブルー排除によって計数した後、続くアッセイで用いた。試薬試料を最終濃度の4倍で10%のFBSを含むRPMI培地に加え、それぞれの試薬について3つの10倍段階希釈液を調製した。その後、これらの試薬を96ウェルのU字底プレートに50μl/ウェルで加えて示した最終濃度にした。51Crで標識したBJAB細胞をプレートに50μl/ウェル(2×104個の細胞/ウェル)で加えた。その後、PBMCをプレートに100μl/ウェル(5×105個の細胞/ウェル)で加えて、25:1のエフェクター(PBMC):標的(BJAB)の最終比とした。エフェクターおよび標的を培地単独に加えてバックグラウンド死滅を測定した。51Crで標識した細胞を培地単独に加えて51Crの自発的放出を測定し、5%のNP40(カタログ番号28324、Pierce、イリノイ州Rockford)を含む培地に加えて51Crの最大放出を測定した。反応は96ウェルプレートの3連のウェルで設定した。グラフに示すように、多特異的結合(融合)タンパク質をウェルに0.01μg/ml〜10μg/mlの範囲の最終濃度で加えた。それぞれの一連のデータは、記載した力価範囲の様々な多特異的結合(融合)タンパク質または対応する単一特異性SMIPをプロットしている。反応を6時間、37℃、5%のCO2中で進行させた後、収集および計数した。その後、それぞれのウェルからの25μlの上清をLumaプレート96(カタログ番号6006633、Perkin Elmer、マサチューセッツ州Boston)に移し、終夜室温で乾燥させた。放出されたCPMをPackard TopCounNXTで測定した。%比死滅は、(試料のcpm{3連の試料の平均}-cpm自発的放出)/(cpm最大放出-cpm自発的放出)×100の減算によって計算した。データはタンパク質濃度に対する%比死滅としてプロットした。データにより、多特異的結合(融合)タンパク質が、CD20および/またはCD37に対する単一特異性SMIPと同様に、標的抗原(または複数の標的抗原)を発現する細胞に対するADCC活性を媒介することができることが実証されたが、このエフェクター機能のレベルの増大は示されなかった。
図16は、この種類の多特異的結合(融合)タンパク質の他の特性を見るために設計した実験の結果を示し、同じ細胞または細胞種上に発現される標的に対する2つの結合ドメインを有することが結合した2つの表面受容体を介したシグナル伝達/結合によって相乗効果を生じ得る。共培養実験は、上記ADCCアッセイについて記載したように単離したPBMCを用いて行った。これらのPBMCを、500μl/ウェルの最終体積中に2×106個の細胞/mlで培地に再懸濁させ、単独で培養するか、または、CD20、CD37、CD20+CD37に対する単一特異性SMIP、もしくはH7リンカーを用いる多特異的結合(融合)タンパク質[2H7-sss-IgG-H7-G28-1 HL]と共にインキュベーションした。試験試薬のそれぞれを20μg/mlの最終濃度で加えた。24時間の培養後、培養物中のB細胞の%に実際の差異は見られなかった。しかし、細胞をフローサイトメトリーに供した際、多特異的結合(融合)タンパク質を含む培養物ではFWDX90染色パターンで細胞の凝集が見られ、これは、2つの標的抗原を発現しているB細胞がホモタイプ接着に関与していることを示している。72時間の培養後、多特異的結合(融合)タンパク質は存在するB細胞のほぼすべてに死をもたらした。また、2つの単一特異性SMIPの組合せは、B細胞の割合を劇的に低下させたが、多特異的結合分子で見られるレベルは低下させなかった。これらのデータは、CD20およびCD37の両方の結合ドメインを同じ多特異性分子上に設けることにより、B細胞間のホモタイプ接着がもたらされ、また、同じ細胞上のCD20およびCD37抗原両方の結合ももたらされ得ることを、示唆している。理論に束縛されることを望まないが、標的細胞の排除における相乗効果は、(1)同じ細胞種上の結合ドメイン1および2を介した結合、ならびに/または(2)死滅の遅延をもたらす、多価結合分子のエフェクター機能ドメイン(定常部分領域)とPBMC培養物中の単球もしくは他の細胞種との相互作用が原因であり得る。この死滅効果の動力学は迅速ではなく、達成するまでに24時間より長くかかり、このことは、これが、効果が観察される前にサイトカインまたは他の分子の産生を要する二次効果であり得ることを示している。
図17は、[2H7-sss-hIgG-H7-G28-1 HL]多特異性の多価結合(融合)タンパク質または単一特異性CD20および/もしくはCD37 SMIPのどちらかを、単独でまたは互いに組み合わせて用いた、B細胞株の処理後のアポトーシスの誘導を調査するために設計した実験の結果を示す。Ramos細胞(パネルA;ATCC CRL-1596号)およびDaudi細胞(パネルB;ATCC CCL-213号)を、終夜(24時間)、37℃、5%のCO2で、10%のFBSを含むイスコフ(Gibco)完全培地中で、3×105個の細胞/mlおよび5、10、または20μg/mlの融合タンパク質を用いてインキュベーションした。単一特異性SMIPとの組合せ実験では、使用したタンパク質は以下の濃度であった:TRU-015(CD20特異的SMIP)=10μg/mlおよび5μg/mlのG28-1 LH(CD37特異的SMIP)。あるいは、TRU-015=20μg/mlを10μg/mlのG28-1 LHと組み合わせた。その後、BD Pharmingenアポトーシス検出キットIカタログ番号556547)を用いて、細胞をアネキシンV-FITCおよびヨウ化プロピジウムで染色し、キットの指示書に従って処理した。細胞を穏やかにボルテックスし、暗所、室温で15分間インキュベーションし、400μlの結合緩衝液で希釈した後に分析した。試料は、Cell Questソフトウェア(Becton Dickinson)を用いてFACsCalibur(Becton Dickinson)装置上のフローサイトメトリーによって分析した。データは、アネキシンV/ヨウ化プロピジウム陽性細胞の割合を処理の種類に対してプロットする柱状グラフとして表す。明らかに、多特異的結合(融合)タンパク質は、どちらの細胞株においても、単一特異性の試薬を一緒に使用した場合でもそれより顕著に高いレベルのアポトーシス死を誘発することができる。この増加した機能活性は、標的細胞上のBD1およびBD2(CD20およびCD37に特異的)受容体の配位結合の相互作用を反映している。
本実施例は、2H7-hIgG-G19-4多特異性融合タンパク質の結合および機能の特性を記載する。これらの分子の構築は実施例7に記載してある。発現および精製は以前の実施例に記載したとおりである。
図19に表すデータには、以前の実施例に記載のようにADCCアッセイを行った。この場合、融合タンパク質は、すべて2H7-hIgG-G19-4変異体または単一特異性SMIP(2H7、CD20に特異的)もしくは抗体(G19-4、CD3に特異的)の組合せであった。さらに、図19の下のパネルに表すデータには、MACS(Miltenyi Biotec、カリフォルニア州Auburn)カラム分離装置およびNK細胞に特異的なCD16磁気マイクロビーズ(カタログ番号:130-045-701)を用いた磁気ビーズ枯渇を用いることによって、使用前にNK細胞をPBMCから枯渇させた。2つのパネルに表したデータは、NK細胞が枯渇しているか、または全PBMCをアッセイで使用するかにかかわらず、すべてのCD20-hIgG-CD3多特異性分子がADCCを媒介することを実証している。TRU015またはG19-4およびTRU015の組合せでは、NK細胞を含む培養物のみがADCCを媒介することができた。G19-4は、CD3を発現しないBJAB標的に対するどちらのアッセイでもうまく働かなかったが、示した最初のアッセイで、G19-4がNK T細胞を発現するCD3と結合してこれらの細胞を活性化させた可能性もある。多特異的結合(融合)タンパク質について下のパネルで観察される死滅は、おそらく、CD20抗原を発現しているBJAB標的に対するCD3の結合による、T細胞集団における細胞傷害性の活性化により媒介されている。この死滅活性は、使用した濃度範囲にわたって分子の用量に比較的非感応性であると考えられ、0.01μg/mlの濃度でさえも、試験した他の分子とは顕著に異なっていた。
他の実施形態には、免疫グロブリンに由来するリンカードメインが含まれる。より具体的には、これらのリンカーの配列の供給源は、免疫グロブリンスーパーファミリーの他のメンバーのV様ドメイン間またはVおよびC様ドメインの間に存在する領域を比較することによって得られた配列である。これらの配列は通常、細胞表面受容体の細胞外ドメインの一部として発現されるので、これらは、タンパク質分解的切断に対してより安定であると予測され、また、免疫原性でないはずである。多価結合(融合)タンパク質のリンカーの役割において有用であると予測されない1つの配列の種類は、-Igスーパーファミリーの表面発現メンバー上に発現されるが、C様ドメインと膜貫通ドメインとの間の介在領域に存在する種類の配列である。これらの分子の多くは可溶形で観察され、これらの介在領域の細胞膜近くで切断されており、これは、この配列が分子の残りの部分よりも切断されやすいことを示している。
導入
標的集団に対する有用かつ強力な多価結合分子またはスコーピオンを与える可能性が最も高い、対のモノクローナル抗体結合ドメインの組合せを同定する手段として、B細胞抗原に対する一連のモノクローナル抗体を、様々な非ホジキンリンパ腫を代表するB細胞株に対する組合せマトリックス中で試験した。対象となる細胞と結合することが知られているまたは予測されるすべての考えられる抗体ペアの比較について確実にアッセイするために、抗体の二次元マトリックスを用いて、所定の細胞種を用いた研究の設計を指導し得る。そのクラスター指定(CD)によって知られる数々のB細胞抗原に対するモノクローナル抗体を左列に記録する。これらの抗体の一部(それが特異的に結合する抗原(または複数の抗原)によって指定する)、すなわち、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD30、CD37、CD40、CD70、CD72、CD79a、CD79b、CD80、CD81、CD86、およびCL II(MHCクラスII)を、単独でまたはこのモノクローナル抗体セットの他のメンバーと組み合わせて、抗原陽性標的細胞と共にインキュベーションした。これらの抗体の可変ドメインは、多価結合分子の例示的な実施形態における結合ドメインとして企図される。当該技術分野の知識およびルーチン手順を用いて、当業者は適切な抗体配列(核酸コード配列およびアミノ酸配列)を、例えば公的に利用可能なデータベース中で同定して、適切な抗体またはその断片を作製し(例えば、ハイブリダイゼーションに基づいたクローニング、PCR、ペプチド合成など)、そのような化合物を用いて多価結合分子を構築することができる。本明細書中に記載のように結合ドメインが得られる例示的な抗体の供給源を表6に提供する。典型的には、抗体鎖のCDR領域を実現するクローニングまたは合成戦略を用いるが、任意の抗体、標的抗原と特異的に結合する能力を保持するその断片またはその誘導体が企図される。
細胞および細胞培養条件。実験は、発現された標的に対する2つの異なるモノクローナル抗体の架橋結合の、4つのヒトB細胞株に対する効果を検査するために行った。細胞株に対する効果は、曝露後にANNおよび/またはPI染色のレベルを決定することによって測定した。ヒトB細胞株、BJAB、Ramos(ATCC#CRL-1596)、Daudi(ATCC#CCL-213)、およびDHL-4(DSMZ#ACC495)を、24時間、37℃、5%のCO2、10%のFBSを含むイスコフ(Gibco)完全培地中でインキュベーションした。細胞を2〜8×105個の細胞/mlの密度で維持し、研究前の生存度は典型的には>95%であった。
スコーピオンポリペプチドの全体的な模式構造は、H2N-結合ドメイン1-スコーピオンリンカー-定常部分領域-結合ドメイン2である。また、スコーピオンは、結合ドメイン1のN末端側に配置されたヒンジ様領域、典型的には抗体ヒンジに由来するペプチド領域も有し得る。一部のスコーピオンの実施形態では、結合ドメイン1および結合ドメイン2は、それぞれ免疫グロブリン結合ドメインに由来する、例えばVLおよびVHに由来する。VLおよびVHは、典型的にはリンカーによって結合される。スコーピオンポリペプチドが、Ig結合ドメインの供給源と比較して典型的には5%未満、好ましくは1%未満の配列多様性をもたらすアミノ酸配列の差異によって、スコーピオン結合ドメインが由来するIg結合ドメインを含めた免疫グロブリン結合ドメインとは異なる結合ドメインを有し得ることを実証するために実験を実施した。
設計したタンパク質が実用的な利点を有する生成物をもたらすことを実証するために、スコーピオンのタンパク質発現レベルを決定し、発現されたタンパク質を特徴づけた。従来技術を用いて、単一特異性CD20×CD20スコーピオンおよび二重特異性CD20×CD37スコーピオンを培養中のCHO DG44細胞で発現させた。
a. ドメインの間隔
二重特異性スコーピオンは、分子のN末端およびC末端の結合ドメインのペアを利用して、少なくとも2つの標的と同時に結合することができる。その際、細胞表面標的では、組成物が架橋結合を形成するか、または標的の物理的な同時接近を引き起こすことができる。当業者には、そのような架橋結合の際に多くの受容体系が活性化され、細胞の表現型の変化を引き起こすシグナル誘導がもたらされることが理解されよう。本明細書中に開示した組成物の設計は、部分的に、そのようなシグナル伝達を最大化し、生じた表現型を制御することを意図する。
N末端およびC末端ドメインはどちらも標的細胞の結合に関与する
CD20 SMIP(TRU015)、CD37 SMIP(SMIP016)、CD20とCD37 SMIPとの組合せ(TRU015+SMIP016)、およびCD20×CD37二重特異性スコーピオン(015×016)の標的細胞結合能力を、これらの分子のそれぞれが、対応する標的、すなわちCD37またはCD20のどちらかとの結合に特異的に競合する抗体の結合をブロックする能力を測定することによって、評価した。競合抗体は、必要に応じて、FITCで標識したモノクローナル抗CD37抗体またはPEで標識したモノクローナル抗CD20抗体であった。Ramos B細胞が標的を提供した。
B細胞の表面上の結合したSMIPおよびスコーピオン(単一特異性および二重特異性)の細胞表面残留の調査により、スコーピオンがSMIPよりも高い細胞表面残留を示したことが明らかとなった。染色培地(PBS中に2.5%のヤギ血清、2.5%のマウス血清)中の6×106個/ml(3×105個/ウェル)のRamos B細胞を96ウェルのV字底プレートに加えた。試験試薬は、500nMの最初のストックの5倍段階希釈液を作製することによって染色培地中に最終濃度の2倍で調製し、その後、1:1でRamos B細胞に加えた。さらに、培地対照もプレートした。細胞を暗所、氷上で45分間インキュベーションした。その後、プレートを冷PBSで3.5回洗浄した。その後、二次試薬のFITCヤギ抗ヒトIgG(#H10501、Caltag/Invitrogen、カリフォルニア州Carlsbad)を染色培地中に1:100の希釈率で加えた。細胞を30分間、暗所、氷上でインキュベーションした。その後、細胞を、冷PBSを用いて遠心分離することによって2.5回洗浄し、1%のパラホルムアルデヒド溶液(#19943 1LT、USB Corp、オハイオ州Cleveland)で固定し、その後、FACs Calibur(BD Biosciences、カリフォルニア州San Jose)にかけた。データをCellQuestソフトウェア(BD Biosciences、カリフォルニア州San Jose)で分析した。データ分析の結果を図37に表し、これは、いくつかのSMIP、単一特異性CD20×CD20スコーピオンおよび二重特異性CD20×CD37スコーピオンと、Ramos B細胞上のその標的との結合を示す。
単一特異性および二重特異性スコーピオン分子の、リンパ腫細胞を直接死滅させる、すなわち、これらの細胞をADCCまたはCDCを関与せずに死滅させる能力を評価するために、実験を実施した。具体的には、Su-DHL-6およびDoHH2リンパ腫細胞株を、別々に、単一特異性スコーピオン、すなわち、CD20×CD20スコーピオンもしくはCD37×CD37スコーピオン、または二重特異性CD20×CD37スコーピオンに供した。
a. スコーピオン依存性細胞性細胞傷害
スコーピオンがBJAB Bリンパ腫細胞の死滅を媒介するかどうかを決定するための実験を実施した。BJAB Bリンパ腫細胞は、CD20および/またはCD37スコーピオンで死滅されることが観察された。
実験はまた、スコーピオンが補体依存性細胞傷害(CDC)活性も有することを実証した。この実験は、以下に記載し図31に示すように、Ramos B細胞をCD19および/またはCD37のSMIPおよびスコーピオンに曝露することを含んだ。
3つの異なるCD20×CD20単一特異性スコーピオンを、適切な対照と共に、ADCCおよびCDC機能性について調査した。ADCCは従来技術を用いてアッセイし、結果を図53に表す。図から、試験したCD20×CD20単一特異性スコーピオンのそれぞれに関連する、同一ではないが相当のADCC活性が明らかである。
ELISA研究により、スコーピオンは、標的細胞が存在しない場合に、増加したレベルでFcγRIII(CD16)低(低親和性アイソフォームまたは対立形質)と結合したことが示された。従来技術を用いて、ELISAプレートを最初に低親和性または高親和性CD16mIgGのどちらかでコーティングした。この固定化融合タンパク質がCD20 SMIPまたはCD20×CD20単一特異性スコーピオンのどちらかを捕捉する能力を評価した。結合したSMIPおよびスコーピオンをヤギ抗ヒトIgG(HRP)二次抗体で検出し、平均蛍光強度(MFI)を決定した。PBS単独(陰性対照)を単点として示す。結果を図32A(CD16高親和性アイソフォーム融合体によって捕捉)および32B(CD16低親和性アイソフォーム融合体によって捕捉)に表した。図32Aおよび32Bの検討から、CD20 SMIPおよびCD20×CD20単一特異性スコーピオンがどちらも、高親和性および低親和性CD16アイソフォーム融合体のどちらとの結合にも増加を示すことが明らかであり、CD20×CD20スコーピオンは、タンパク質濃度の増加に伴って低親和性アイソフォーム融合体との結合の劇的な増加を示した。
スコーピオンの細胞周期効果は、リンパ腫細胞をSMIP、単一特異性スコーピオンおよび二重特異性スコーピオンに曝露することによって評価した。より具体的には、DoHH2リンパ腫細胞(0.5×106個)を、0.4nMのリツキシマブ、CD20×CD37スコーピオン、TRU-015(CD20 SMIP)+SMIP-016の組合せ(それぞれ0.2nM)、100nMのSMIP-016または100nMのCD37×CD37スコーピオンで24時間処理した。これらの濃度は、96時間の増殖阻害アッセイにおけるスコーピオンのIC50値よりも約10倍高い濃度を表す(図24〜27参照)。培養物を20分間、37℃で、10μMのBrdU(ブロモデオキシウリジン)を用いて標識した。固定に続いて、細胞を抗BrdU-FITC抗体で染色し、ヨウ化プロピジウムで対比染色した。図28の値は、2〜3回の独立した実験からの4つの複製培養物の平均+/-SDである。すべての試料データを同時に分析し、BrdUおよびPI取り込みドットプロットをどちらも用いて提示するためにプールした。プロットは、スコーピオン処理の主要な効果が、S期の細胞の枯渇、ならびにG0/G1区画の増加であることを実証している。
a. ミトコンドリア電位
JC-1アッセイで明らかとなったように、CD20×CD20スコーピオンは、DHL4 B細胞においてミトコンドリア膜電位の損失を誘発した。JC-1とは、ミトコンドリアにおいて電位依存性蓄積を示す陽イオン性カルボシアニン色素である(Mitoprobe(登録商標)フローサイトメトリー用JC-1アッセイキット、Molecular Probes)。JC-1は形質膜よりもミトコンドリア膜に対して特異的であり、ミトコンドリア膜電位の変化を測定するために用いる。ミトコンドリア中の蓄積は、緑色(529nm)から赤色(590nm)への蛍光シフトによって示される。
スコーピオン分子を、細胞シグナル伝達経路に対する影響について、細胞シグナル伝達の一般的な特長であるCa++流動をその指標として用いて分析した。SU-DHL-6リンパ腫細胞をカルシウム4色素で標識し、以下に示す試験分子で処理した。バックグラウンド蛍光を決定するために細胞を20秒間読み取り、その後、SMIP/スコーピオンを加え(図28の最初の破線)、蛍光を600秒まで測定した。600秒で、8倍過剰の架橋結合したヤギ抗ヒトF(ab)'2を加え、蛍光をさらに300秒間測定した。図28のパネル(A)は、未刺激の細胞(青線)と比較した、CD20 SMIPおよびCD37 SMIPの組合せで得られた結果(赤線)、またはCD20×CD37二重特異性スコーピオンで得られた結果(黒線)を示す。図28のパネルBでは、細胞をCD20 SMIP単独で処理した結果(赤線)によりCa++流動が生じ、これは、単一特異性CD20×CD20スコーピオン(黒線)によって生じたシグナルほど頑強でなかった。図28のCa++流動プロットは、等モル量のスコーピオンおよびSMIP/SMIPの組合せで処理した3連のウェルからの蛍光を表す。
アネキシンVおよびヨウ化プロピジウム染色の増加ならびにミトコンドリア膜電位の損失によって示されるCD20結合スコーピオンがB細胞を直接死滅させる能力は、B細胞におけるCD20結合スコーピオンのさらなるアポトーシス関連効果のさらなる調査を導いた。採用した手法は、CD20×CD20スコーピオンまたは適切な対照に曝露したDHL-4 B細胞でApo1アッセイを行うことであった。Apo1アッセイはカスパーゼ3および7の合成ペプチド基質に基づく。アッセイ構成要素はPromega(Apo-ONE(登録商標)均一カスパーゼ-3/7アッセイ)から入手可能である。標識したペプチドZ-DEVD-ローダミン110のカスパーゼ媒介性切断により、蛍光ローダミン110標識が放出され、これを485nmの励起および530nmの検出で測定する。
古典的なアポトーシスシグナル伝達経路の誘発は、最終的には染色体DNAの凝縮および断片化分解をもたらす。CD20結合スコーピオンが古典的なアポトーシス機構によってB細胞を直接死滅させたかどうかを決定するために、B細胞染色体DNAの状態を、細胞をCD20結合スコーピオンまたは対照に曝露した後に検査した。最初に、DHL-4 B細胞を、in vitroで4、24または48時間、CD20-結合分子、すなわち、単一特異性CD20×CD20(2Lm20-4×2Lm20-4)スコーピオン、CD20×CD20(011×2Lm20-4)スコーピオン、もしくはリツキシマブ、または対照で処理した。続いて、細胞を溶解し、従来技術を用いて染色体DNAを精製した。その後、染色体DNAをゲル電気泳動によってサイズ分画した。図59に示すゲル電気泳動像は、CD20結合スコーピオンによって生じた細胞死が古典的なアポトーシス経路によって媒介されていないことを実証する、DNA断片化の欠如を明らかにした。これらのアッセイでは、スタウロスポリンで処理した細胞を陽性対照として使用した。
SYKとは、転写リプレッサーとして機能する、いくつかのリン酸化部位を有するリン酸化調節されるタンパク質である。SYKは細胞核に局在しているが、活性化の際に、膜に迅速に再局在化することができる。活性化には、SYKはその核移行配列を保持しなければならない。活性型SYKは乳癌腫瘍の抑制の役割を有し、SYKは電離放射線、BCRライゲーションおよびMHCクラスII架橋結合などのアポトーシス促進シグナルによって活性化される。さらに、SYKは、PLC-γおよびCa++経路に影響を与えることが示されている。これらの観察を考慮して、SYKに影響を与えるCD20結合スコーピオンの能力を調査した。
a. スコーピオンのin vivo活性
スコーピオンの活性をマウスモデルを用いても評価した。in vivoのスコーピオン活性の測定は、10〜300μgのスコーピオンの投与、続いてスコーピオンの血清濃度の時系列の決定を含んだ。マウスにおける3週間の薬物動態学研究からの2つの二重特異性スコーピオン(すなわち、S0033、CD20×CD27スコーピオンおよびCD20×CD37スコーピオン)のそれぞれの血清濃度曲線として提示するこれらの研究の結果を、図40に表す。図40のデータは、2つの二重特異性スコーピオンのそれぞれの血清レベルがベースラインレベルまで下がるまでに、投与後少なくとも500時間かかったことを示している。したがって、スコーピオンは、血清安定性であり、再現性のある持続したin vivo循環半減期を示す。
スコーピオンは、人間、他の哺乳動物および他の生物に影響を与える様々な状態の症状の予防、治療または寛解において用途が見つかることが企図される。例えば、CD20結合スコーピオンは、過剰または異常なB細胞に関連する様々な疾患の治療または予防に有用であると予測される。実際、B細胞の枯渇を含む治療を受け入れられる任意の疾患が、CD20結合スコーピオンを用いた治療を受け入れられるであろう。さらに、スコーピオン、例えばCD20結合スコーピオンを、他の治療薬との組合せ療法で用い得る。様々な組合せ療法の容易さを例示するために、単一特異性CD20×CD20スコーピオン(S0129)を、ドキソルビシン、ビンクリスチンまたはラパマイシンと組み合わせてSu-DHL-6 B細胞に投与した。ドキソルビシンとは、DNA生化学を妨害し、抗癌治療に企図される薬物のクラスに属するトポイソメラーゼII毒である。ラパマイシン(シロリムス)とは、再狭窄を阻害または予防するために臓器移植においてかつ冠血管ステントと共に用いる抗増殖薬として用途が見つかる、タンパク質合成の開始を阻害し、免疫系を抑制するマクロライド抗生物質である。ビンクリスチンとは、細管の形成を阻害し、癌の治療に用いられているビンカアルカロイドである。
Claims (29)
- アミノ末端からカルボキシ末端に向かって、以下:
(a)免疫グロブリン様分子または免疫グロブリンの可変領域に由来する第1の結合ドメイン、
(b)免疫グロブリンCH2ドメインに由来するドメインを含み、免疫グロブリンCH1ドメインに由来するドメインを含まないFc領域、
(c)少なくとも5アミノ酸のリンカーペプチド、および
(d)免疫グロブリン様分子または免疫グロブリンの可変領域に由来する第2の結合ドメイン
を含み、該第1の結合ドメインまたは該第2の結合ドメインがCD3に結合し、かつ該第1および該第2の結合ドメインが異なる分子標的を認識する、単鎖多特異性タンパク質。 - 前記第1および/または第2の結合ドメインが単鎖可変抗体断片(scFv)である、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記第1および/または第2の結合ドメインが、キメラ、ヒト化、またはヒト免疫グロブリン可変領域を含む、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記第1および/または第2の結合ドメインが、軽鎖免疫グロブリン可変領域(VL1)および重鎖免疫グロブリン可変領域(VH1)を含み、該可変領域が、VH1-VL1またはVL1-VH1の配置で位置する、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記第1または第2の結合ドメインが、G19-4抗体に由来する可変領域を含む、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記第1または第2の結合ドメインが、配列番号107または配列番号109のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項5に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記免疫グロブリン様分子が受容体である、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 他の結合ドメインが、腫瘍抗原、B細胞標的、TNF受容体スーパーファミリーメンバー、ヘッジホッグファミリーメンバー、受容体チロシンキナーゼ、プロテオグリカン関連分子、TGF-βスーパーファミリーメンバー、Wnt関連分子、受容体リガンド、T細胞標的、樹状細胞標的、NK細胞標的、単球/マクロファージ細胞標的および血管形成標的からなる群より選択される標的に結合する、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記腫瘍抗原が、扁平細胞癌抗原1、扁平細胞癌抗原2、卵巣癌抗原CA125、ムチン1、CTCL腫瘍抗原se1-1、CTCL腫瘍抗原se14-3、CTCL腫瘍抗原se20-4、CTCL腫瘍抗原se20-9、CTCL腫瘍抗原se33-1、CTCL腫瘍抗原se37-2、CTCL腫瘍抗原se57-1、CTCL腫瘍抗原se89-1、前立腺特異的膜抗原、5T4癌胎児性栄養芽細胞糖タンパク質、Orf73カポジ肉腫関連ヘルペスウイルス、MAGE-C1、MAGE-B1抗原、MAGE-B2抗原、MAGE-2抗原、MAGE-4a抗原、MAGE-4b抗原、結腸癌抗原NY-CO-45、肺癌抗原NY-LU-12変異体A、癌関連表面抗原、腺癌抗原ART1、腫瘍随伴関連脳-精巣-癌抗原、神経腫瘍腹側抗原2、肝細胞癌抗原遺伝子520、腫瘍関連抗原CO-029、腫瘍関連抗原MAGE-X2、滑膜肉腫X切断点2、T細胞によって認識される扁平細胞癌抗原、血清学的に定義された結腸癌抗原1、血清学的に定義された乳癌抗原NY-BR-15、血清学的に定義された乳癌抗原NY-BR-16、クロモグラニンA;副甲状腺分泌性タンパク質1、DUPAN-2、CA19-9、CA72-4、CA195およびL6からなる群より選択される、請求項8に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記Fc領域が免疫グロブリンヒンジ領域を更に含む、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記ヒンジ領域が、IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4、IgE、IgA2、合成ヒンジおよびIgMのヒンジ様CH2ドメインからなる群より選択されるヒンジ領域である、請求項10に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記ヒンジ領域がIgG1ヒンジ領域である、請求項11に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記ヒンジ領域が1個または2個のシステイン残基に変異を有するヒトIgG1ヒンジ領域である、請求項12に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記Fc領域が免疫グロブリンCH3ドメインに由来するドメインを更に含む、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記Fc領域が、ヒト免疫グロブリンヒンジ領域、CH2ドメイン、およびCH3ドメインを含む、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記リンカーペプチドが5〜45アミノ酸の長さである、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記リンカーペプチドが免疫グロブリンコアヒンジ領域を含む、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記リンカーペプチドが、II型C-レクチンのストーク領域に由来する、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記II型C-レクチンが、CD69、CD72、CD94、NKG2A、およびNKG2Dからなる群より選択される、請求項18に記載のタンパク質。
- 前記リンカーペプチドが、配列番号111、113、115、117、119、121、123、125、127、129、131、133、135、149、151、153、155、157、159、161、163、165、167、169、231、233、235、237、239、241、243、245、247、249、251、253、255、257、259、261、263、265、267、269、271、273、275、277、279、281、287、289、297、305、307、309、310、311、313、314、315、316、317、318、319、320、321、322、323、324、325、326、327、
328、329、330、331、346、373、374、375、376、または377からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。 - 前記リンカーペプチドが、CD2、CD4、CD22、CD33、CD48、CD58、CD66、CD80、CD86、CD150、CD166、またはCD244のIgのV様領域とIgのC様領域との間のドメイン間領域に由来する、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 二量体を形成することができる、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- 細胞増殖障害、自己免疫疾患または感染症の治療において使用するための、請求項1〜22のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質。
- 自己免疫疾患が、関節リウマチ、骨関節炎、乾癬性関節炎、乾癬、炎症性腸疾患、クローン病、潰瘍性大腸炎、喘息、全身性エリテマトーデス(SLE)、糖尿病、多発性硬化症、実質臓器移植片拒絶、および移植片対宿主病(GVHD)からなる群より選択される、請求項23に記載のタンパク質。
- 請求項1〜22のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質をコードする核酸。
- 請求項25に記載の核酸を含むベクター。
- 請求項25に記載の核酸または請求項26に記載のベクターを含む宿主細胞であって、ヒトには存在しない、宿主細胞。
- 請求項1〜22のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質および製薬上許容される担体を含む組成物。
- 医薬の製造における、1〜22のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質の使用。
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