Bishop

Oddawany w ręce czytelników tom ma za zadanie przybliżyć podejście hierarchii Kościoła katolickiego do rzeczywistości politycznej Polski „ludowej”. Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie sytuacji biskupów w realiach komunistycznej władzy. Chodzi nie tylko o zaprezentowanie ich poglądów dotyczących sytuacji powojennej Polski, lecz także omówienie, w jaki sposób duchowieństwo, wierni i władze komunistyczne oceniali poglądy i postawę danego biskupa. W tomie znalazły się studia dot. m.in. kard. Adama Stefana Sapiehy, kard. Karola Wojtyły, kard. Franciszka Macharskiego, bp. Czesława Kaczmarka, czy bp. Herberta Bednorza. 
Redaktor tomu wyraża nadzieję, że zebrane studia staną się inspiracją do podjęcia dalszych badań nad szeroko rozumianą działalnością hierarchii kościelnej w rzeczywistości politycznej Polski „ludowej”.

The Transformation of Confessional Cultures in a Central European City results from a series of projects about the history of Olomouc, a medium-sized royal city in Moravia in the present-day Czech Republic. Set in its regional as well as wider contexts, this study of Olomouc contributes to research into ecclesiastical and religious developments of both the late medieval and early modern periods, and in particular the confessional divisions that followed the German Reformation.

The chapters of this book are divided along chronological lines and also divided by topics and themes including:  Hussitism and Utraquism, the early Czech Reformation, the impact and influences of the German Reformation, and the revival of the Catholic Church from the second half of the seventeenth century. Even though the struggles between rival confessions in the city only took place between the 1530s and 1650s, the council had asserted the city’s Catholicity against the Hussites in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. This emphasis on the city’s Catholic spirituality, and the importance to the urban community of Catholic ritual and ceremonies was restored from the second half of the seventeenth century. The image of religious life in Olomouc that emerges from this study is of a society with competing Catholic bodies and individuals not only opposed to non-Catholic churches but also with sharp internal rivalries between Catholic institutions over forms of ritual and styles of worship.


CONTENTS

    Foreword
    Introduction. Olomouc – The City and Its History, by Jaroslav Miller
    1. A Catholic City in the Hussite Era, 1400-1450s, by Jan Stejskal
        Death of Margrave Jobst
        Catholic City versus Hussite Nobility
        Bishops of Olomouc
        The Besieged City
        Capestrano in the City
        Conclusion
    2. Between Hussitism and Reformation, 1450s-1520s, by Antonín Kalous
        King George
        Competing Catholic Institutions
        The Bishop, the Chapter and the City
        King Matthias
        Religious Orders
        The City and the German Reformation
        Conclusion
    3. The Divided City, 1520s-1600, by Ondřej Jakubec
        Conflict and Coexistence
        1556-1558: Confessional Reversal
        The Olomouc Bishops and Their Confessional Politics in a Divided City
        The Olomouc City Council versus the Olomouc Bishops
        The City School at the Church of St Maurice
        Lutheran Preachers and “Agitators”
        The Death of Georg Thaller in 1570 and non-Catholic Burials in Olomouc
        Disciplining of Religious Life in Olomouc
        The Confessional Topography of Olomouc and Its Visual Manifestations
        Conclusion
    4. The Stormy Path to a Single Religion, 1600-1650, by Tomáš Parma
        Difficult Continuity: Olomouc in the pre-White Mountain Period
        Revolt of the Estates: The Temporary Hegemony of non-Catholics
        State Enforced re-Catholicisation and Decline of the City
        Swedish Occupation
        Conclusion
    5. The Evolution of Catholic Identity, 1650-1700, by Radmila Prchal Pavlíčková
        Pilgrimage and Baroque Spirituality
        Bishop Charles
        Revival of Catholic Piety
        Active Religious Life
        Conclusion
    6. Consolidation, 1700-1750, by Martin Elbel
        Balance of Power
        Self-Assured Triumph
        New Challenges
        Conclusion
    Afterword, by Graeme Murdock
    List of Olomouc Bishops, 1397-1776
    List of Figures
    List of Abbreviations
    Archival Sources
    Bibliography
    Index

Se introducen los conceptos de probabilidad de falla de un talud y de confiabilidad de los métodos de cálculo, a lado del clásico concepto de factor seguridad de un talud. Se explica que la seguridad de un talud no está cabalmente representada por el valor de su factor de seguridad, ya que además depende fuertemente del grado de certidumbre, o de incertidumbre, que caracteriza los valores numéricos que en el cálculo se asumen para los parámetros fundamentales del análisis: por ejemplo los de resistencia al corte de los terrenos.

ENG: The "Dragon of the Patriarch" is one of the most unique elements of the popular culture of Valencia city. This paper analyzes its historical origins in South America of the Hispanic viceroys and the legends that have formed around it after its arrival at Valencia.

El "Dragó del Patriarca" és un dels elements més singulars de la cultura popular de la Ciutat de València. En aquest article analitzem el seu origen històric a l’Amèrica del Sud dels virreis hispànics així com les llegendes que s’han format al seu voltant després de la seua arribada al Cap i Casal.