CN110036849A - A kind of double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods - Google Patents
A kind of double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to super hybridization rice technical field of cultivation, disclose a kind of double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods, select planting site, turn over to rice field, sterilize;Shed lime and dedicated farmyard manure in rice field;Determine kind, rice seedling is cultivated;Soaked field applies base fertilizer;There are enough water layers to turn green after rice transplanting;Apply Weed removal medicinal fertilizer;Tillering stage, young fringe was formed, full heading time adds shallow irrigation based on moisture management.Fertilizing method provided by the invention removes the process applied fertilizer be administered three times three times from;This super hybridization rice precisely, simple and laborsaving cultivation method, Tree Precise Fertilization application, be a kind of cultivation technique of portable, it is easy to operate;Rice seedling is cultivated to Nutrition Soil surface spraying fungicide, and bactericidal effect is effectively improved, and creates good environment for paddy growth;Rice paddy seed is first immersed in weak brine by the present invention, then is immersed in fungicide, and bacterium, mould etc. that rice paddy seed carries thoroughly are killed, and is improved the bud ratio of rice paddy seed, is strengthened bud rate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to super hybridization rice technical field of cultivation more particularly to a kind of double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods.
Background technique
Rice is one kind of draft Oryza, belongs to main most long one kind in cereal and Oryza as grain, area
Not in upland rice.Originating in China and India, before 7,000 years Yangtze River in China basin with regard to rice cultivation (according to the carbonated paddy of archaeological discovery,
The history of cultivated rice can be traced to 10,000 Nian Yiqian).Rice can be divided into Xian by morphological feature, cultivation season and endosperm starch composition
Rice and japonica rice, early rice and middle late rice, non-glutinous rice and glutinous rice.There are also other classification, by whether soilless cultivation is divided into paddy field rice and swims
Rice;By being divided into season rice and " lazyboot rice " (more year ratooning rice) life cycle;It is huge with 2 meters or so to be divided into common rice by height
Type rice;It is divided into common fresh water rice and " seawater rice " (i.e. salt alkaline tolerance rice, it mainly uses fresh water in fact) by Saline alkali tolerance.Rice
Seed, that is, paddy, paddy claim brown rice after sloughing glume, and brown rice stone roller goes rice bran layer that rice can be obtained.Nearly half people in the world
Mouthful, it is all food with rice.Rice can also make wine in addition to edible, refine sugar and make the raw material of industry, rice husk, rice straw can be used as feeding
Material.China rice main producing region is mainly the Yangtze river basin, Pearl River Delta and the Northeast.Rice is the one third mankind in the world
Staple food.Rice is known as " grain in Asia " and the staple food grain of the south China people.However, applying fertilizer during existing rice cropping
Times for spraying is more, wide in variety, and peasant is complicated for operation, and recruitment is more, at high cost, and peasant is beyond affordability;Meanwhile during seedling cultivation of rice
It is easy to produce bacteria effect rice paddy seed bud ratio;The phenomenon that water requirement is big, is easy to appear rotten and wastes water.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is:
Applying fertilizer during existing rice cropping, times for spraying is more, and wide in variety, peasant is complicated for operation, and recruitment is more, at high cost, agriculture
The people are beyond affordability.
Bacteria effect rice paddy seed bud ratio is easy to produce during seedling cultivation of rice;Water requirement is big, be easy to appear rotten and
The phenomenon that wasting water.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods the following steps are included:
Step 1, selects that irrigation and drainage are convenient, the plot of pollution-free, Cheng Fang in flakes is as planting site, turns over, kills to rice field
Bacterium;
Lime and dedicated farmyard manure are shed in step 2, rice field;
Step 3 selects rice varieties, carries out rice seedling cultivation;
Step 4, soaked field apply base fertilizer;Using rice transplanter complete rice transplanting, layout is orderly, optimum density be 1.875 ten thousand caves/
Mu;
Step 5 after rice transplanting, has enough water layers to turn green;5-7 days after super hybridization rice transplanting, apply Weed removal medicinal fertilizer;
Step 6, based on tillering stage manages with shallow water, in due course dry field controls ineffective tillering, then moisten based on aerobic rush
Root, young fringe is formed, full heading time adds water layer to irrigate;It hangs down to spike of rice, it is golden yellow full, it is harvested.
Further, it in step 1, turns over as topsoil depth in 20~24cm.
Further, in step 2, dedicated farmyard manure according to mass fraction by 100~300 parts of swine excrement, poultry manure 60~
200 parts, 80~160 parts of stalk, 50~130 parts of plant ash, 70~90 parts of zymophyte powder and 50~70 parts of Crop Species leather shell, deadwood
30~90 parts of weeds compositions.
Further, in step 2, dedicated farmyard manure the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) it is carried out disinfection processing using ethyl alcohol to swine excrement and poultry manure in fermentation vat;
(2) stalk and deadwood weeds carry out chopping processing off;
(3) stalk after chopping off and deadwood weeds are added in fermentation vat, are sequentially adding plant ash and zymophyte powder, sent out
Ferment is handled 3~4 weeks.
Further, in step 3, rice seedling breeding method are as follows:
(1) Nutrition Soil is prepared, and special nutrient soil is laid in seedlings nursing plate;
It (2) is 45% to Nutrition Soil surface spraying fungicide to nutrition soil's water content;
(3) rice paddy seed is immersed in the salt water that mass fraction is 1.0%~1.2% after 3~4h by seed treatment, then
It is placed in 1.0~1.5h of immersion in fungicide, taking-up drains surface moisture, then is rinsed well with clear water, after draining, by rice paddy seed
It is placed in 1.0~1.6min of immersion in glycerol, is taken out;
(4) it sows, the rice paddy seed that surface is stained with glycerol is seeded in Nutrition Soil, is sprayed water later to the moisture content of soil
It is 79%, obtains rice seedling.
Further, in step 3, Nutrition Soil according to mass fraction by 15~55 parts of potassium chloride, 35~55 parts of oyster shell powder,
150~250 parts of decomposed manure, 20~40 parts of zeolite powder, 36~56 parts of vermiculite, 30~50 parts of thin river sand, 8~16 parts of selenium fertilizer,
20~40 parts and 30~50 parts of ammonium sulfate compositions of calcium superphosphate.
Further, in step 3, fungicide is according to mass fraction by 4~8 parts of lysozyme, 5~9 parts of lywallzyme, wood vinegar
15~25 parts of 240 times of liquid and 260 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 14~18 parts of liquid composition.
Further, in step 4, apply base fertilizer, calculated for 800 kilograms or so per acre according to target output, specifically:
(1) the super rice varieties of wide adaptation type need to apply per acre 12 kilograms of N element, 5 kilograms of P element, 12 kilograms of K element, in it is micro
It 8 kilograms of nutrient, is disposably applied when rice harrows a field;
(2) the super rice varieties of multi-spike-type need to apply per acre 10 kilograms of N element, 7 kilograms of P element, 10 kilograms of K element, in it is micro
It 10 kilograms of nutrient, is disposably applied when rice harrows a field;
(3) the super rice varieties of large spike need to apply per acre 13 kilograms of N element, 7 kilograms of P element, 14 kilograms of K element, in it is micro
It 12 kilograms of nutrient, is disposably applied when rice harrows a field.
Further, in step 5, Weed removal medicinal fertilizer prevents and kill off paddy field annual grassy weeds;It is vertical that insecticide fertilizer prevents and treats striped rice borer, rice
Leaf roll snout moth's larva, planthopper;Bactericide fertilizer prevents and treats rice blast, banded sclerotial blight.
Further, step 1 turn in sterilization to rice field, carries out rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation after turning over immediately, carries out soil after harrowing a kind of farm tools
Earth closing, is watered even spraying with 50% trifluralin ec or 98% Jin Douer, the mixed soil of shallow rake is carried out after spraying, in shape to be broadcast
State.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
The multi-component composite fertilizer and dedicated herbicide pesticide Bactericide fertilizer that fertilizing method provided by the invention uses all use elder generation
Into technology, be fixed on effective component in nutrient and pesticide in fertilizer around rice root, rice according to itself needs with
It need to be with taking, and the lasting period is long, reaches accurate fertilizer for medicine;Eliminate application three times of applying fertilizer three times (tillering fertilizer, booting fertilizer, strong seed
Fertilizer, tillering stage, round bar phase, pustulation period prevent and kill off disease pest and weed) process.This super hybridization rice precisely, simple and laborsaving cultivation method, Ji Nengshi
The Tree Precise Fertilization application of existing brainstrust, and be a kind of cultivation technique of portable, peasant is easy to operate;Meanwhile the present invention provides
Rice seedling breeding method to Nutrition Soil surface spraying fungicide, fungicide can effectively improve the bactericidal effect of carbendazim, energy
Good environment is created for paddy growth;Rice paddy seed is first immersed in weak brine by the present invention, then is immersed in fungicide, energy
Bacterium, mould and the virus etc. that rice paddy seed carries thoroughly are killed, the bud ratio for improving rice paddy seed and strong bud rate are conducive to.
Lime and dedicated farmyard manure are shed in field provided by the invention, are conducive to the acid-base property of balanced soil, enrich in soil
Nutritional ingredient improve yield convenient for the growth and development of rice;Seedlings nursing plate is excessive in Nutrition Soil after spraying water to Nutrition Soil
Moisture flows out after packing layer filters, and can make at rice to reduce the dosage of water in a certain humidity environment, and be not in
Bad root phenomenon, so as to improve the yield of rice.
The present invention turn in sterilization to rice field, carries out rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation after turning over immediately, carries out soil closing after harrowing a kind of farm tools,
It is watered even spraying with 50% trifluralin ec or 98% Jin Douer, the mixed soil of shallow rake is carried out after spraying, in state to be broadcast.It can be effective
Disinfect pathogen is killed, provides guarantee for the culture of rice.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention implements the double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation method flow diagrams provided.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Applying fertilizer during existing rice cropping, times for spraying is more, and wide in variety, peasant is complicated for operation, and recruitment is more, at high cost, agriculture
The people are difficult to receive.
Bacteria effect rice paddy seed bud ratio is easy to produce during seedling cultivation of rice;Water requirement is big, be easy to appear rotten and
The phenomenon that wasting water.
To solve the above problems, being described in detail below with reference to concrete scheme to application principle of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods provided in an embodiment of the present invention the following steps are included:
S101, selects that irrigation and drainage are convenient, the plot of pollution-free, Cheng Fang in flakes is as planting site, turns over, kills to rice field
Bacterium.
Lime and dedicated farmyard manure are shed in S102, rice field.
S103 determines that double seasons plant rice varieties, carries out rice seedling cultivation.
S104 completes rice transplanting using rice transplanter, and layout is orderly, and optimum density is 1.875 ten thousand caves/mu, the weather one of rice transplanting
As be cloudy day or fine day afternoon.
S105 after rice transplanting, has enough water layers to turn green.5-7 days after super hybridization rice transplanting, apply Weed removal medicinal fertilizer.
S106, based on tillering stage manages with shallow water, in due course dry field controls ineffective tillering, then moisten based on aerobic promoting root growth,
Young fringe is formed, full heading time adds water layer to irrigate.It hangs down to spike of rice, golden yellow full, mechanical harvesting.
It is provided in an embodiment of the present invention to turn over as topsoil depth in 20~24cm in step S101.
In step S102, dedicated farmyard manure provided in an embodiment of the present invention is according to mass fraction by swine excrement 100~300
Part, 60~200 parts of poultry manure, 80~160 parts of stalk, 50~130 parts of plant ash, 70~90 parts of zymophyte powder, Crop Species skin
50~70 parts and 30~90 parts of deadwood weeds compositions of shell.
In step S101, rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation is carried out when carrying out turning over sterilization to rice field, after turning over immediately, carries out soil after harrowing a kind of farm tools
Closing, is watered even spraying with 50% trifluralin ec or 98% Jin Douer, the mixed soil of shallow rake is carried out after spraying, in state to be broadcast.
In step S102, dedicated farmyard manure provided in an embodiment of the present invention the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) it is carried out disinfection processing using ethyl alcohol to swine excrement and poultry manure in fermentation vat.
(2) stalk and deadwood weeds are chopped off, remove impurity treatment.
(3) stalk after chopping off and deadwood weeds are added in fermentation vat, are sequentially adding plant ash and zymophyte powder, sent out
Ferment is handled 3~4 weeks.
In step S103, rice seedling breeding method provided in an embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
(1) Nutrition Soil is prepared, and special nutrient soil is laid in seedlings nursing plate.
It (2) is 45% to Nutrition Soil surface spraying fungicide to nutrition soil's water content.
(3) rice paddy seed is immersed in the salt water that mass fraction is 1.0%~1.2% after 3~4h by seed treatment, then
It is placed in 1.0~1.5h of immersion in fungicide, taking-up drains surface moisture, then is rinsed well with clear water, after draining, by rice paddy seed
It is placed in 1.0~1.6min of immersion in glycerol, is taken out.
(4) it sows, the rice paddy seed that surface is stained with glycerol is seeded in Nutrition Soil, is sprayed water later to the moisture content of soil
It is 79%, obtains rice seedling.
In step S103, Nutrition Soil provided in an embodiment of the present invention is according to mass fraction by 15~55 parts of potassium chloride, oyster
35~55 parts of shell powder, 150~250 parts of decomposed manure, 20~40 parts of zeolite powder, 36~56 parts of vermiculite, 30~50 parts of thin river sand,
8~16 parts of selenium fertilizer, 20~40 parts of calcium superphosphate and 30~50 parts of ammonium sulfate compositions.
In step S103, fungicide provided in an embodiment of the present invention is according to mass fraction by 4~8 parts of lysozyme, lywallzyme 5
~9 parts, 240 times of wood vinegar, 15~25 parts of liquid and 260 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 14~18 parts of liquid composition.
In step S104, application base fertilizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention is counted for 800 kilograms or so per acre according to target output
It calculates, specifically:
(1) the super rice varieties of wide adaptation type need to apply per acre 12 kilograms of N element, 5 kilograms of P element, 12 kilograms of K element, in it is micro
It 8 kilograms of nutrient, is disposably applied when rice harrows a field.
(2) the super rice varieties of multi-spike-type need to apply per acre 10 kilograms of N element, 7 kilograms of P element, 10 kilograms of K element, in it is micro
It 10 kilograms of nutrient, is disposably applied when rice harrows a field.
(3) the super rice varieties of large spike need to apply per acre 13 kilograms of N element, 7 kilograms of P element, 14 kilograms of K element, in it is micro
It 12 kilograms of nutrient, is disposably applied when rice harrows a field.
In step S105, Weed removal medicinal fertilizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention prevents and kill off paddy field annual grassy weeds;Insecticide fertilizer is anti-
Control striped rice borer, rice leaf roller, planthopper;Bactericide fertilizer prevents and treats rice blast, banded sclerotial blight.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods, which is characterized in that double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation method packets
Include following steps:
Step 1, selects that irrigation and drainage are convenient, the plot of pollution-free, Cheng Fang in flakes is as planting site, turns over, sterilizes to rice field;
Lime and dedicated farmyard manure are shed in step 2, rice field;
Step 3 selects super rice varieties, carries out rice seedling cultivation;
Step 4, soaked field apply base fertilizer;Rice transplanting is completed using rice transplanter, layout is orderly, and density is 1.875 ten thousand caves/mu;
Step 5 after rice transplanting, has enough water layers to turn green;5-7 days application Weed removal medicinal fertilizers after transplanting;
Step 6, based on tillering stage manages with shallow water, in due course dry field controls ineffective tillering, then moisten based on aerobic promoting root growth, children
Fringe is formed, full heading time adds water layer to irrigate;It hangs down to spike of rice, golden yellow full, mechanical harvesting.
2. double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 1, turn over
It is topsoil depth in 20~24cm.
3. double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that dedicated in the step 2
Farmyard manure is according to mass fraction by 100~300 parts of swine excrement, 60~200 parts of poultry manure, 80~160 parts of stalk, plant ash 50
~130 parts, 70~90 parts of zymophyte powder, 50~70 parts of Crop Species leather shell and 30~90 parts of deadwood weeds compositions.
4. double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that dedicated in the step 2
Farmyard manure the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) it is carried out disinfection processing using ethyl alcohol to swine excrement and poultry manure in fermentation vat;
(2) stalk and deadwood weeds carry out chopping processing off;
(3) stalk after chopping off and deadwood weeds are added in fermentation vat, are sequentially adding plant ash and zymophyte powder, at fermentation
Reason 3~4 weeks.
5. double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3, rice
Seedling culture method are as follows:
(1) Nutrition Soil is prepared, and special nutrient soil is laid in seedlings nursing plate;
It (2) is 45% to Nutrition Soil surface spraying fungicide to nutrition soil's water content;
(3) rice paddy seed is immersed in the salt water that mass fraction is 1.0%~1.2% after 3~4h, then is placed in by seed treatment
1.0~1.5h is impregnated in fungicide, taking-up drains surface moisture, then is rinsed well with clear water, and after draining, rice paddy seed is placed in
1.0~1.6min is impregnated in glycerol, is taken out;
(4) it sows, the rice paddy seed that surface is stained with glycerol is seeded in Nutrition Soil, the moisture content sprayed water later to soil is
79%, obtain rice seedling.
6. double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3, nutrition
Soil is according to mass fraction by 15~55 parts of potassium chloride, 35~55 parts of oyster shell powder, 150~250 parts of decomposed manure, zeolite powder 20
~40 parts, 36~56 parts of vermiculite, 30~50 parts of thin river sand, 8~16 parts of selenium fertilizer, 20~40 parts of calcium superphosphate and ammonium sulfate 30~50
Part composition.
7. double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3, sterilization
Agent can by 4~8 parts of lysozyme, 5~9 parts of lywallzyme, 240 times of wood vinegar, 15~25 parts of liquid and 50% carbendazim according to mass fraction
260 times of wet powder, 14~18 parts of liquid composition.
8. double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 4, apply
The method of base fertilizer includes:
(1) the super rice varieties of wide adaptation type need to apply per acre 12 kilograms of N element, and 5 kilograms of P element, 12 kilograms of K element, middle micronutrient
It 8 kilograms of element, is disposably applied when rice harrows a field;
(2) the super rice varieties of multi-spike-type need to apply per acre 10 kilograms of N element, and 7 kilograms of P element, 10 kilograms of K element, middle micronutrient
It 10 kilograms of element, is disposably applied when rice harrows a field;
(3) the super rice varieties of large spike need to apply per acre 13 kilograms of N element, and 7 kilograms of P element, 14 kilograms of K element, middle micronutrient
It 12 kilograms of element, is disposably applied when rice harrows a field.
9. double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 5, weeding
Medicine fertilizer prevents and kill off paddy field annual grassy weeds;Insecticide fertilizer prevents and treats striped rice borer, rice leaf roller, planthopper;Bactericide fertilizer prevents and treats rice
Seasonal febrile diseases, banded sclerotial blight.
10. double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step 1 carries out rice field
It turns in sterilization, carries out rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation after turning over immediately, soil closing is carried out after harrowing a kind of farm tools, with 50% trifluralin ec or 98% gold medal
All you are watered even spraying, the mixed soil of shallow rake are carried out after spraying, in state to be broadcast.
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