CN108990734A - A kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/001—Culture apparatus for tissue culture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/44—Poaceae or Gramineae [Grass family], e.g. bamboo, lemon grass or citronella grass
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/46—Stemonaceae [Stemona family], e.g. croomia
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method, it is related to planting technology field, selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method of the invention includes tissue cultures stage and transplanting crop field stage, and wherein the tissue cultures stage is the following steps are included: following steps: 1) disinfection of explant, 2) culture of culture medium；The crop field stage is transplanted the following steps are included: the pretreatment of (1) planting site, (2) sowing, (3) fertilizing management, (4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, (5) water management；The reasonable cooperation that the present invention passes through fertilizer and implantation methods; so that the Chinese yam of plantation has high-survival rate and Seedling height quality, due to the rational application of fertilizer, make to generate a large amount of born organic selenoprotein elements in Chinese yam plant; achieve the purpose that produce selenium-rich Chinese yam, is suitable for large-scale planting.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method.
[background technique]
Chinese yam growth is extensive, and medicine, dish dual-purpose, the masses like planting, and Chinese yam requires warm, wet, sun-drenched environment
Condition, it is deep, fertile, loosen, physically well develop in well-drained sand.In production, Chinese yam yield is not high, anthrax
Sick serious, the yield of Chinese yam is easy to appear fluctuation, and often fluctuated, the good time difficulty of price has brought benefit to farmer.
Selenium is the essential trace elements of the human body, participates in a variety of selenoenzymes and Selenonic protein in synthesized human.Its Glutathione
Peptide peroxidase, is catalyzed hydroperoxides in vivo or lipid peroxide is changed into water or various alcohols, eliminates certainly
Attack by base to biomembrane, protects biomembrane from oxidative damage.Selenium can improve human immunity, promote the proliferation of lymphocyte
And the synthesis of antibody and immunoglobulin.Selenium has apparent suppression to kinds cancers such as colon cancer, cutaneum carcinoma, liver cancer, breast cancer
The effect of system and protection has stronger anticancer activity in the intracorporal mesostate methyl enol of machine.
A large amount of clinical trials both at home and abroad are bright, and human body selenium deficiency can cause the functional disturbance of certain vitals, cause many tight
Weigh disease, more than 40, whole world country is in selenium deficiency area, and several hundred million populations in Chinese 22 provinces are all in selenium deficiency or low
Selenium area, the disease incidence such as these regional population tumour, hepatopathy, cardiovascular diseases are very high.In this case, artificial growth selenium-rich
Vegetable melon and fruit become demand.
[summary of the invention]
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method, the present invention by fertilizer with
And the reasonable cooperation of implantation methods, so that there is the Chinese yam of plantation high-survival rate and Seedling height quality to make Huaihe River due to the rational application of fertilizer
A large amount of born organic selenoprotein elements are generated in the plant of mountain, are achieved the purpose that produce selenium-rich Chinese yam, are suitable for large-scale planting.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs the following technical solutions:
A kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method, comprising the following steps:
(1) the tissue cultures stage
1) disinfection of explant: taking healthy and strong stem tuber to carry out disinfection, then sand storage vernalization 15-22 days at 20-30 DEG C, will be new
The block bud that grow, diameter is 0.5-0.8cm cuts root as explant, is impregnated 3-5 minutes with dish washing liquid, in soaking process
Constantly oscillation is used aseptic water washing 3-4 times after immersion, then sterilizing 4-6 minutes is impregnated with the life mercury of 0.1-0.2%, after sterilizing
With aseptic water washing 4-6 times, aseptic inoculation disk is placed on superclean bench, the moisture on explant surface is dried up, is cut
Downright bad perienchyma is stand-by in disinfecting process；
2) culture of culture medium: 1. primary vaccination: culture medium is prepared according to following composition: MS+3.0mg/L 6-BA+
0.3mg/L NAA+2-3% sucrose, and prepared culture medium is sterilized；Explant is clipped in sterile disk with tweezers,
It is inoculated into culture medium, is then placed in culturing room in intensity of illumination 1300-1500lx, light application time 12-14h/d, temperature is
22-25 DEG C, pH value is cultivated 22-32 days under conditions of being 5.6-5.8, grows sprout；2. squamous subculture: being prepared according to following composition
Good culture medium: MS+0.5-1mg/L 6-BA+0.11-0.2mg/L NAA+2-3% sucrose+0.2-0.3g/L agar, and will prepare
Good culture medium sterilizes；Then by step 1. in the way of be inoculated with, culture 28-32 days after can bottle outlet hardening；③
Greenhouse hardening: after tissue cultures, the healthy and strong sprout of height up to 4-5cm are cut from base portion, and cut off the callus of base portion
Tissue is impregnated base portion notch 10-20 minutes with 1000 times of dilution of carbendazim or Bravo solution, is then soaked in notch
In the naphthalene acid solution of 50-65mg/l, soaking time be 40-60 minute, then plantation to be mixed with garden mould, loess, river sand and lack
Measure in the compost seed plate of perlite and spray root water, garden mould, loess, river sand, perlite ratio be 2:2:4:1, planting
Strain upper layer puts on plastic film water conservation, and holding humidity is 75-90%, and 23-26 DEG C of temperature, leaf color turn is green simultaneously after culture 20-30 days
There is new root, stabilization to be grown can transplant crop field；
(2) the crop field stage is transplanted
(1) planting site pre-processes: deep plough to planting site and cultivate entirely, the soil depth of ploughing and weeding is 10-18cm；Later according to
85-100kg/ mus of applied amount applies disinfectant powder into planting site, waters according to 28-32kg/ mus of irrigation amount into planting site,
Then cover mulch into planting site, open mulch after covering 20-30d, ground is turned over it is smooth at the wide 1.4-1.7m of every furrow, furrow with
Furrow interval 0.5-0.6m uniformly sprinkles farmers' with Hefei, then ploughs under in soil, enhances land fertility；
(2) it sows: after greenhouse hardening, discarding yellow and hypogenetic seedling, sort out health seedling and in seedling
Plant ash is stained in root, is then planted, its root is unfolded naturally, and earthing crosses rhizome, protects simultaneously
The bound fraction for demonstrate,proving limb and main root exposes outside soil, by soil pressure reality after the completion of earthing, and pours root water；
(3) fertilizing management: transplanting crop field is applied fertilizer for the first time after 2 months, and first fertilising sought foliage-spray after 7-10 days
Nutrient solution carries out top dressing；It with Eco-fertilizer is proportionally that 1-3:2-5 is mixed that fertilizer used, which is farmyard manure, fertilising combine tillage and weeding into
Row；It is primary every 1-2 month with nutrient solution to carry out foliage-spray；
(4) it the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: from transplanting crop field 1-2 months, is sprayed every the 3-6 days rhizomes and blade to Chinese yam plant
Insecticidal solution；
(5) water management: spring will hold gutter successfully in time；Summer hot and dry weather season will pour water taking precautions against drought, pour water
To keep ridge furrow upper soll layer to have certain humidity, when damage caused by a drought occurs, every the water of filling in 10 days, soil moisture is kept, reduces field
Between temperature；It pours water and is carried out in the dusk, exhausted immediately after being filled in 2-3 hours.
In the present invention, further, the disinfectant powder in the step (2) is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: calcium oxide
10-20 parts, 3-9 parts of garlic oil, 0.1-0.3 parts of clostridium bifermentans, 0.2-0.5 parts of rhizobium, 0.3-0.6 parts of sulfide-oxidizing enzyme, bamboo powder
5-12 parts, 3-8 parts of plant ash, 6-12 parts of sodium chloride and 2-4 parts of thiophanate methyl aqueous solution.
In the present invention, further, the farmers' in the step (2) is made of with Hefei the raw material of following parts by weight: agriculture
15-22 parts of crop material, 4-8 parts of orange peel, 5-9 parts of soybean residue, 3-8 parts of mud, 10-16 parts of shale, 15-20 parts of peat soil, corruption
Grow 6-12 parts sour, 5-10 parts of soy sauce residues and 2-7 parts of citric acid waste；Preparation method is by the way that all raw materials are put into batch mixer
After being sufficiently mixed, uniformly spraying biogas slurry to mixed material moisture is 23-26%, then heap under conditions of temperature is 30-33 DEG C
It is obtained after macerating 16-20 days.
In the present invention, further, the nutrient solution in the step (2) is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: mushroom 2-
9 parts, 1-3 parts of Artemisia santonica grass, 1-3 parts of sesame straw, 1-3 parts of selenoprotein solution, 1-3 parts of clover, 3-7 parts of malt, 14-16 parts of pork liver,
0.3-0.5 parts and water 100-120 parts of complex enzyme；The applying mode of the nutrient solution are as follows: every 12-15 days to foliage spray nutrition
Liquid is primary, and continuous sprinkling 2-3 days, the fountain height of pawpaw is 150-180kg per acre every time.
In the present invention, further, the farmyard manure in the step (2) is poultry manure；The Eco-fertilizer pass through by
The urea of the parts by weight of 20-40 is placed in container, mixes the parts by weight turtle shell powder of 5-10, the white granulated sugar of 1-8 parts by weight, 5-10
Parts by weight oyster shell powder, the fermented stalk of 7-12 parts by weight, the sodium selenite of 7-12 parts by weight, the malt of 7-12 parts by weight, 5-10
The cellulase of the wild leek of parts by weight, the beer groove of 7-12 parts by weight and 3-8 parts by weight, then pour into 10-30 parts by weight
Then water carries out stack retting, obtain after raw material all rots to become rotten matter soil.
In the present invention, further, the insecticidal solution in the step (2) is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: Artemisia santonica grass
8-16 parts, 10-20 parts of blue stone, 6-10 parts of Azalea pontica, 5-12 parts of the tuber of stemona, 2-6 parts of geranium wilfordii, 3-8 parts of frutus cnidii, 4-9 parts of polygonum flaccidum,
3-8 parts of Zhu Jin, 5-10 parts of gleditsia sinensis, 6-12 parts of Radix Glycyrrhizae and appropriate amount of water.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. selenium-rich Chinese yam is during seed culture, using block bud as explant, raw material is easy to get, at low cost, work
Period is short, no matter but blade, stem section or stem tuber are all grown in field field, surface breeds various miscellaneous bacterias, some bacterium
Class grows into organization internal, and surface disinfection agent is caused to be difficult to kill internal mushroom, and causes to be easy to produce pollution after inoculation, shadow
Tissue culture effect is rung, the present invention carries out tissue culture after carrying out adequate disinfection again, so that seedling virus is few, fast, inoculation is absorbed to culture medium
Effective percentage improves 15-20%；In addition it is also improved on the formula of traditional culture medium, addition is some can be in Chinese yam strong plantlets and rootage
The factor needed for period is basic culture medium with MS culture medium, adds mother liquor formula, and energy supply needed for growing for Chinese yam obtains
Meet, the good condition taken root is provided, the balance of internal nutrient is adjusted, rapidly promotes strengthening seedling and rooting, so that rooting rate reaches
98% or more.
2. the present invention transplanting the crop field stage, first planting site is pre-processed before planting seedlings, by plot into
Row pretreatment, and carry out disinfection to planting site application disinfectant powder, the disinfectant powder is by calcium oxide, garlic oil, clostridium bifermentans, root nodule
Bacterium, sulfide-oxidizing enzyme, bamboo powder, plant ash, sodium chloride and thiophanate methyl aqueous solution composition, each raw material are used in combination, can kill
Most of germ in soil, other than active ingredient itself can kill pathogenic microorganisms and play the role of antivirus, also
It can be decomposed into organic matter, do not can cause environmental pollution；It is to match to the farmers' that the later period is sprinkled into that mulch is covered after watering
It is well growing environment that probiotics in Hefei, which provides, makes quickly to form population advantage, reduces the growth of harmful bacteria, farmers' matches
The growth of probiotics in Hefei can improve soil, and the physics of soil and chemical structure is made to occur to cooperate farmers' beneficial to variation
Fertilizer is merged by turning over soil, and fertilizer efficiency is evenly distributed.
3. the prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage is periodically sprayed using insecticidal solution, the generation of pre- insect-pest, insecticidal solution is pacified by green
Full raw material is prepared to obtain, and has no toxic side effect, and altogether at unification, synergistic effect brings out the best in each other, it is comprehensive to give full play to pharmacology effective drug
Close efficiency, desinsection speed is fast, effect it is good on the finished product trait of Chinese yam without influence.
4. the present invention is applied fertilizer using nutrient solution and farmyard manure, Eco-fertilizer, cooperate scientific and reasonable applying mode, so that
Chinese yam fast growing health, the Chinese yam quality for planting out is high, and the fertilizer selenium element content used is high, passes through the growth of Chinese yam
Process realizes the conversion and enrichment of selenium element, and the Chinese yam that plantation can be made to come out increases its nutritional ingredient rich in selenium element.
The present invention passes through the reasonable cooperation of fertilizer and implantation methods, so that the Chinese yam of plantation has high-survival rate and Gao Sheng
Long quality is made to generate a large amount of born organic selenoprotein elements in Chinese yam plant, is reached production selenium-rich Chinese yam due to the rational application of fertilizer
Purpose, be suitable for large-scale planting.
[specific embodiment]
The following examples can help those skilled in the art that the present invention is more fully understood, but cannot be with any
Mode limits the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation methods, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) the tissue cultures stage
1) disinfection of explant: taking healthy and strong stem tuber to carry out disinfection, then sand storage vernalization 15 days at 20 DEG C, will newly grow
, the block bud that diameter is 0.5cm cut root as explant, with dish washing liquid immersion 3 minutes, constantly vibrated in soaking process,
It is used after immersion aseptic water washing 3 times, then impregnates sterilizing 4 minutes with 0.1% life mercury, use aseptic water washing 4 times, put after sterilizing
Aseptic inoculation disk is set on superclean bench, the moisture on explant surface is dried up, downright bad periphery in disinfecting process is cut
Tissue is stand-by；
2) culture of culture medium: 1. primary vaccination: culture medium is prepared according to following composition: MS+3.0mg/L 6-BA+
0.3mg/L NAA+2% sucrose, and prepared culture medium is sterilized；Explant is clipped in sterile disk with tweezers, is connect
Kind is then placed in culturing room in intensity of illumination 1300lx, light application time 12h/d, temperature is 22 DEG C, and pH value is into culture medium
It is cultivated 22 days under conditions of 5.6, grows sprout；2. squamous subculture: preparing culture medium according to following composition: MS+0.5mg/L
6-BA+0.11mg/L NAA+2% sucrose+0.2g/L agar, and prepared culture medium is sterilized；Then according to step
1. mode be inoculated with, culture 28 days after can bottle outlet hardening；3. greenhouse hardening: after tissue cultures, height being reached 4cm
Healthy and strong sprout cut from base portion, and the callus of base portion is cut off, with 1000 times of carbendazim or Bravo solution of dilution
It impregnates base portion notch 10 minutes, then notch is soaked in the naphthalene acid solution of 50mg/l, soaking time is 40 minutes, then
It plants in the compost seed plate for being mixed with garden mould, loess, river sand and a small amount of perlite and sprays root water, garden mould, loess, river
Husky, perlite ratio is 2:2:4:1, covers upper plastic film water conservation on plant upper layer, and keeping humidity is 75%, 23 DEG C of temperature,
Leaf color turns green and new root occurs after culture 20 days, and stabilization to be grown can transplant crop field；
(2) the crop field stage is transplanted
(1) planting site pre-processes: deep plough to planting site and cultivate entirely, the soil depth of ploughing and weeding is 10cm；Later according to
85kg/ mus of applied amount applies disinfectant powder into planting site, and disinfectant powder is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: 10 parts of calcium oxide,
3 parts of garlic oil, 0.1 part of clostridium bifermentans, 0.2 part of rhizobium, 0.3 part of sulfide-oxidizing enzyme, 5 parts of bamboo powder, 3 parts of plant ash, 6 parts of sodium chloride
With 2 parts of thiophanate methyl aqueous solution；It waters according to 28kg/ mus of irrigation amount into planting site, then covers ground into planting site
Film opens mulch after covering 20d, and ground is turned over to smooth at the wide 1.4m of every furrow, furrow and furrow interval 0.5m, uniformly sprinkles farmers''s cooperation
Then fertilizer ploughs under in soil, enhance land fertility；Farmers' is made of with Hefei the raw material of following parts by weight: 15 parts of agricultural crop straw,
4 parts of orange peel, 5 parts of soybean residue, 3 parts of mud, 10 parts of shale, 15 parts of peat soil, 6 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of soy sauce residues and citric acid waste 2
Part；Preparation method is by after being put into all raw materials and being sufficiently mixed in batch mixer, uniformly spraying biogas slurry to mixed material water
It is divided into 23%, is then obtained after stack retting 16 days under conditions of temperature is 30 DEG C；
(2) it sows: after greenhouse hardening, discarding yellow and hypogenetic seedling, sort out health seedling and in seedling
Plant ash is stained in root, is then planted, its root is unfolded naturally, and earthing crosses rhizome, protects simultaneously
The bound fraction for demonstrate,proving limb and main root exposes outside soil, by soil pressure reality after the completion of earthing, and pours root water；
(3) fertilizing management: transplanting crop field is applied fertilizer for the first time after 2 months, to foliage-spray nutritious liquor after first fertilising 7 days
Carry out top dressing；Nutrient solution is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: 2 parts of mushroom, Artemisia santonica careless 1 part, 1 part of sesame straw, selenoprotein solution 1
Part, 1 part of clover, 3 parts of malt, 14 parts of pork liver, 0.3 part of complex enzyme and 100 parts of water；The applying mode of the nutrient solution are as follows: every
12 days primary to foliage spray nutrient solution, and continuous sprinkling 2 days, the fountain height of pawpaw is 150kg per acre every time；Fertilizer used is agriculture
Family's fertilizer is proportionally that 1:2 is mixed with Eco-fertilizer, and fertilising combines tillage and weeding to carry out；Per January carries out foliage-spray with nutrient solution
Once；Eco-fertilizer mixes 5 parts by weight turtle shell powder, the white sand of 1 parts by weight by the way that the urea of 20 parts by weight to be placed in container
Sugar, 5 parts by weight oyster shell powder, the fermented stalk of 7 parts by weight, the sodium selenite of 7 parts by weight, the malt of 7 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight
Wild leek, the beer groove of 7 parts by weight and the cellulase of 3 parts by weight, then pour into the water of 10 parts by weight, then carry out heap
It macerates, is obtained after raw material all rots to become rotten matter soil；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: from transplanting crop field 1 month, desinsection is sprayed every the 3 days rhizomes and blade to Chinese yam plant
Liquid；Wherein, insecticidal solution is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: 8 parts of Artemisia santonica grass, 10 parts of blue stone, 6 parts of Azalea pontica, 5 parts of the tuber of stemona, old
2 parts of stork grass, 3 parts of frutus cnidii, 4 parts of polygonum flaccidum, 3 parts of Zhu Jin, 5 parts of gleditsia sinensis, 6 parts of Radix Glycyrrhizae and appropriate amount of water；
(5) water management: spring will hold gutter successfully in time；Summer hot and dry weather season will pour water taking precautions against drought, pour water
To keep ridge furrow upper soll layer to have certain humidity, when damage caused by a drought occurs, every the water of filling in 10 days, soil moisture is kept, reduces field
Between temperature；It pours water and is carried out in the dusk, exhausted immediately after being filled in 2 hours.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation methods, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) the tissue cultures stage
1) disinfection of explant: taking healthy and strong stem tuber to carry out disinfection, then sand storage vernalization 18 days at 25 DEG C, will newly grow
, the block bud that diameter is 0.7cm cut root as explant, with dish washing liquid immersion 4 minutes, constantly vibrated in soaking process,
It is used after immersion aseptic water washing 3 times, then impregnates sterilizing 5 minutes with 0.1% life mercury, use aseptic water washing 5 times, put after sterilizing
Aseptic inoculation disk is set on superclean bench, the moisture on explant surface is dried up, downright bad periphery in disinfecting process is cut
Tissue is stand-by；
2) culture of culture medium: 1. primary vaccination: culture medium is prepared according to following composition: MS+3.0mg/L 6-BA+
0.3mg/L NAA+2.5% sucrose, and prepared culture medium is sterilized；Explant is clipped in sterile disk with tweezers,
It is inoculated into culture medium, is then placed in culturing room in intensity of illumination 1400lx, light application time 13h/d, temperature is 23 DEG C, pH value
It is cultivated 27 days under conditions of being 5.7, grows sprout；2. squamous subculture: preparing culture medium according to following composition: MS+0.7mg/L
6-BA+0.14mg/L NAA+2.5% sucrose+0.2g/L agar, and prepared culture medium is sterilized；Then according to step
Suddenly mode 1. is inoculated with, can bottle outlet hardening after culture 30 days；3. greenhouse hardening: after tissue cultures, will highly reach
The healthy and strong sprout of 4-5cm is cut from base portion, and cuts off the callus of base portion, with 1000 times of carbendazim or Bravo of dilution
Solution impregnates base portion notch 15 minutes, and then notch is soaked in the naphthalene acid solution of 58mg/l, and soaking time is 50 minutes,
Then plantation is in the compost seed plate for being mixed with garden mould, loess, river sand and a small amount of perlite and spraying root water, garden mould, loess,
River sand, perlite ratio be 2:2:4:1, cover upper plastic film water conservation on plant upper layer, keeping humidity is 82%, temperature 25
DEG C, leaf color turns green and new root occurs after culture 25 days, and stabilization to be grown can transplant crop field；
(2) the crop field stage is transplanted
(1) planting site pre-processes: deep plough to planting site and cultivate entirely, the soil depth of ploughing and weeding is 14cm；Later according to 85-
100kg/ mus of applied amount applies disinfectant powder into planting site, and disinfectant powder is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: 15 parts of calcium oxide,
6 parts of garlic oil, 0.2 part of clostridium bifermentans, 0.3 part of rhizobium, 0.5 part of sulfide-oxidizing enzyme, 9 parts of bamboo powder, 6 parts of plant ash, 9 parts of sodium chloride
With 3 parts of thiophanate methyl aqueous solution；It waters according to 30kg/ mus of irrigation amount into planting site, then covers ground into planting site
Film opens mulch after covering 25d, and ground is turned over to smooth at the wide 1.6m of every furrow, furrow and furrow interval 0.5m, uniformly sprinkles farmers''s cooperation
Then fertilizer ploughs under in soil, enhance land fertility；Farmers' is made of with Hefei the raw material of following parts by weight: 18 parts of agricultural crop straw,
6 parts of orange peel, 7 parts of soybean residue, 6 parts of mud, 13 parts of shale, 17 parts of peat soil, 9 parts of humic acid, 7 parts of soy sauce residues and citric acid waste 5
Part；Preparation method is by after being put into all raw materials and being sufficiently mixed in batch mixer, uniformly spraying biogas slurry to mixed material water
It is divided into 25%, is then obtained after stack retting 18 days under conditions of temperature is 32 DEG C；
(2) it sows: after greenhouse hardening, discarding yellow and hypogenetic seedling, sort out health seedling and in seedling
Plant ash is stained in root, is then planted, its root is unfolded naturally, and earthing crosses rhizome, protects simultaneously
The bound fraction for demonstrate,proving limb and main root exposes outside soil, by soil pressure reality after the completion of earthing, and pours root water；
(3) fertilizing management: transplanting crop field is applied fertilizer for the first time after 2 months, to foliage-spray nutritious liquor after first fertilising 8 days
Carry out top dressing；Nutrient solution is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: 5 parts of mushroom, Artemisia santonica careless 2 parts, 2 parts of sesame straw, selenoprotein solution 2
Part, 2 parts of clover, 5 parts of malt, 15 parts of pork liver, 0.4 part of complex enzyme and 110 parts of water；The applying mode of the nutrient solution are as follows: every
13 days primary to foliage spray nutrient solution, and continuous sprinkling 2 days, the fountain height of pawpaw is 165kg per acre every time；Fertilizer used is agriculture
Family's fertilizer is proportionally that 2:3 is mixed with Eco-fertilizer, and fertilising combines tillage and weeding to carry out；Foliage-spray is carried out with nutrient solution within every 2 months
Once；Eco-fertilizer mixes 7 parts by weight turtle shell powder, the white sand of 4 parts by weight by the way that the urea of 30 parts by weight to be placed in container
Sugar, 7 parts by weight oyster shell powder, the fermented stalk of 9 parts by weight, the sodium selenite of 9 parts by weight, the malt of 9 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight
Wild leek, the beer groove of 9 parts by weight and the cellulase of 6 parts by weight, then pour into the water of 20 parts by weight, then carry out heap
It macerates, is obtained after raw material all rots to become rotten matter soil；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: from transplanting crop field 2 months, desinsection is sprayed every the 5 days rhizomes and blade to Chinese yam plant
Liquid；Wherein, insecticidal solution is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: 12 parts of Artemisia santonica grass, 15 parts of blue stone, 8 parts of Azalea pontica, 9 parts of the tuber of stemona, old
4 parts of stork grass, 6 parts of frutus cnidii, 7 parts of polygonum flaccidum, 6 parts of Zhu Jin, 7 parts of gleditsia sinensis, 9 parts of Radix Glycyrrhizae and appropriate amount of water；
(5) water management: spring will hold gutter successfully in time；Summer hot and dry weather season will pour water taking precautions against drought, pour water
To keep ridge furrow upper soll layer to have certain humidity, when damage caused by a drought occurs, every the water of filling in 10 days, soil moisture is kept, reduces field
Between temperature；It pours water and is carried out in the dusk, exhausted immediately after being filled in 2.5 hours.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation methods, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) the tissue cultures stage
1) disinfection of explant: taking healthy and strong stem tuber to carry out disinfection, then sand storage vernalization 22 days at 30 DEG C, will newly grow
, the block bud that diameter is 0.8cm cut root as explant, with dish washing liquid immersion 5 minutes, constantly vibrated in soaking process,
It is used after immersion aseptic water washing 4 times, then impregnates sterilizing 6 minutes with 0.2% life mercury, use aseptic water washing 6 times, put after sterilizing
Aseptic inoculation disk is set on superclean bench, the moisture on explant surface is dried up, downright bad periphery in disinfecting process is cut
Tissue is stand-by；
2) culture of culture medium: 1. primary vaccination: culture medium is prepared according to following composition: MS+3.0mg/L 6-BA+
0.3mg/L NAA+3% sucrose, and prepared culture medium is sterilized；Explant is clipped in sterile disk with tweezers, is connect
Kind is then placed in culturing room in intensity of illumination 1500lx, light application time 14h/d, temperature is 25 DEG C, and pH value is into culture medium
It is cultivated 32 days under conditions of 5.8, grows sprout；2. squamous subculture: preparing culture medium according to following composition: MS+1mg/L 6-
BA+0.2mg/L NAA+3% sucrose+0.3g/L agar, and prepared culture medium is sterilized；Then 1. according to step
Mode is inoculated with, can bottle outlet hardening after culture 28-32 days；3. greenhouse hardening: after tissue cultures, height being reached 5cm
Healthy and strong sprout cut from base portion, and the callus of base portion is cut off, with 1000 times of carbendazim or Bravo solution of dilution
It impregnates base portion notch 20 minutes, then notch is soaked in the naphthalene acid solution of 65mg/l, soaking time is 60 minutes, then
It plants in the compost seed plate for being mixed with garden mould, loess, river sand and a small amount of perlite and sprays root water, garden mould, loess, river
Husky, perlite ratio is 2:2:4:1, covers upper plastic film water conservation on plant upper layer, and keeping humidity is 90%, 26 DEG C of temperature,
Leaf color turns green and new root occurs after culture 30 days, and stabilization to be grown can transplant crop field；
(2) the crop field stage is transplanted
(1) planting site pre-processes: deep plough to planting site and cultivate entirely, the soil depth of ploughing and weeding is 18cm；Later according to
100kg/ mus of applied amount applies disinfectant powder into planting site, and disinfectant powder is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: 20 parts of calcium oxide,
9 parts of garlic oil, 0.3 part of clostridium bifermentans, 0.5 part of rhizobium, 0.6 part of sulfide-oxidizing enzyme, 12 parts of bamboo powder, 8 parts of plant ash, sodium chloride 12
Part and 4 parts of thiophanate methyl aqueous solution；It waters according to 32kg/ mus of irrigation amount into planting site, is then covered into planting site
Mulch opens mulch after covering 30d, ground is turned over smooth at the wide 1.7m of every furrow, and furrow and furrow interval 0.6m uniformly sprinkle farmers' and match
Then Hefei is ploughed under in soil, land fertility is enhanced；Farmers' is made of with Hefei the raw material of following parts by weight: agricultural crop straw 22
Part, 8 parts of orange peel, 9 parts of soybean residue, 8 parts of mud, 16 parts of shale, 20 parts of peat soil, 12 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of soy sauce residues and lemon
7 parts of acid sludge；Preparation method is by after being put into all raw materials and being sufficiently mixed in batch mixer, uniformly spraying biogas slurry to mixture
Expect that moisture is 26%, is then obtained after stack retting 20 days under conditions of temperature is 33 DEG C；
(2) it sows: after greenhouse hardening, discarding yellow and hypogenetic seedling, sort out health seedling and in seedling
Plant ash is stained in root, is then planted, its root is unfolded naturally, and earthing crosses rhizome, protects simultaneously
The bound fraction for demonstrate,proving limb and main root exposes outside soil, by soil pressure reality after the completion of earthing, and pours root water；
(3) fertilizing management: transplanting crop field is applied fertilizer for the first time after 2 months, to foliage-spray nutrition after first fertilising 10 days
Liquid carries out top dressing；Nutrient solution is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: 9 parts of mushroom, 3 parts of Artemisia santonica grass, 3 parts of sesame straw, selenoprotein are molten
3 parts of liquid, 3 parts of clover, 7 parts of malt, 16 parts of pork liver, 0.5 part of complex enzyme and 120 parts of water；The applying mode of the nutrient solution are as follows: every
Primary to foliage spray nutrient solution every 15 days, continuous sprinkling 3 days, the fountain height of pawpaw is 180kg per acre every time；Fertilizer used is
Farmyard manure is proportionally that 3:5 is mixed with Eco-fertilizer, and fertilising combines tillage and weeding to carry out；Blade face spray is carried out with nutrient solution within every 2 months
It applies primary；Eco-fertilizer mixes 10 parts by weight turtle shell powder, 8 parts by weight by the way that the urea of 40 parts by weight to be placed in container
White granulated sugar, 10 parts by weight oyster shell powder, the fermented stalk of 12 parts by weight, the sodium selenite of 12 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight malt,
The cellulase of the wild leek of 10 parts by weight, the beer groove of 12 parts by weight and 8 parts by weight, then the water of 30 parts by weight is poured into, so
After carry out stack retting, obtained after raw material all rots to become to rot matter soil；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: from transplanting crop field 2 months, desinsection is sprayed every the 6 days rhizomes and blade to Chinese yam plant
Liquid；Wherein, insecticidal solution is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: Artemisia santonica grass 16 parts, 20 parts of blue stone, 10 parts of Azalea pontica, 12 parts of the tuber of stemona,
6 parts of geranium wilfordii, 8 parts of frutus cnidii, 9 parts of polygonum flaccidum, 8 parts of Zhu Jin, 10 parts of gleditsia sinensis, 12 parts of Radix Glycyrrhizae and appropriate amount of water；
(5) water management: spring will hold gutter successfully in time；Summer hot and dry weather season will pour water taking precautions against drought, pour water
To keep ridge furrow upper soll layer to have certain humidity, when damage caused by a drought occurs, every the water of filling in 10 days, soil moisture is kept, reduces field
Between temperature；It pours water and is carried out in the dusk, exhausted immediately after being filled in 3 hours.
Comparative example 1
Applying fertilizer nutrient solution used is biogas slurry, and Eco-fertilizer used is agricultural crop straw, human and animal excreta, rice bran, malt, beer groove
It is mixed to get according to the ratio that mass ratio is 7:2:3:2:1；Other implementation methods are same as Example 2.
Comparative example 2
Remove the tissue cultures stage, sowed using Chinese yam seed, other implementation methods are same as Example 2.
Comparative example 3
Remove the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, other implementation methods are same as Example 2.
Comparative example 4
General planting method.
Compliance test result
The practical value of implantation methods in order to further illustrate the present invention compares using 1-3 of the embodiment of the present invention and comparison
The Chinese yam of the implantation methods plantation of example 1-3 plants situation, and the results are shown in Table 1:
1 Chinese yam of table plants quality versus's table
As it can be seen from table 1 using implantation methods planting Chinese yam of the invention, so that the high survival rate of seedling, plant
Illness rate is low, can be improved plant and product quality.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,
On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause
This, these modifications or improvements, fall within the scope of the claimed invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the tissue cultures stage
1) disinfection of explant: taking healthy and strong stem tuber to carry out disinfection, then sand storage vernalization 15-22 days at 20-30 DEG C, will newly grow
, the block bud that diameter is 0.5-0.8cm cut root as explant, impregnated 3-5 minutes with dish washing liquid, it is continuous in soaking process
Oscillation is used aseptic water washing 3-4 times after immersion, then impregnates sterilizing 4-6 minutes with the life mercury of 0.1-0.2%, nothing is used after sterilizing
Bacterium water rinses 4-6 times, places aseptic inoculation disk on superclean bench, the moisture on explant surface is dried up, cuts and is sterilizing
Downright bad perienchyma is stand-by in the process；
2) culture of culture medium: 1. primary vaccination: culture medium is prepared according to following composition: MS+3.0mg/L 6-BA+0.3mg/
L NAA+2-3% sucrose, and prepared culture medium is sterilized；Explant is clipped in sterile disk with tweezers, is inoculated into
In culture medium, culturing room is then placed in intensity of illumination 1300-1500lx, light application time 12-14h/d, temperature 22-25
DEG C, pH value is cultivated 22-32 days under conditions of being 5.6-5.8, grows sprout；2. squamous subculture: preparing training according to following composition
Base: MS+0.5-1mg/L 6-BA+0.11-0.2mg/L NAA+2-3% sucrose+0.2-0.3g/L agar is supported, and will be prepared
Culture medium sterilizes；Then by step 1. in the way of be inoculated with, culture 28-32 days after can bottle outlet hardening；3. greenhouse
Hardening: after tissue cultures, the healthy and strong sprout of height up to 4-5cm being cut from base portion, and cut off the callus of base portion,
It is impregnated base portion notch 10-20 minutes with 1000 times of dilution of carbendazim or Bravo solution, notch is then soaked in 50-
In the naphthalene acid solution of 65mg/l, soaking time be 40-60 minute, then plantation to be mixed with garden mould, loess, river sand and on a small quantity treasure
In the compost seed plate of Zhu Yan and spray root water, garden mould, loess, river sand, perlite ratio be 2:2:4:1, on plant
Layer puts on plastic film water conservation, and holding humidity is 75-90%, and 23-26 DEG C of temperature, leaf color turns green and occurs after culture 20-30 days
New root, stabilization to be grown can transplant crop field；
(2) the crop field stage is transplanted
(1) planting site pre-processes: deep plough to planting site and cultivate entirely, the soil depth of ploughing and weeding is 10-18cm；Later according to 85-
100kg/ mus of applied amount applies disinfectant powder into planting site, waters according to 28-32kg/ mus of irrigation amount into planting site, so
Mulch is covered in backward planting site, mulch is opened after covering 20-30d, ground is turned over smooth at the wide 1.4-1.7m of every furrow, furrow and furrow
It is spaced 0.5-0.6m, farmers' is uniformly sprinkled with Hefei, then ploughs under in soil, enhance land fertility；
(2) it sows: after greenhouse hardening, discarding yellow and hypogenetic seedling, sort out health seedling and in seedling root
It is stained with plant ash, is then planted, its root is unfolded naturally, earthing crosses rhizome, while guaranteeing branch
The dry bound fraction with main root exposes outside soil, by soil pressure reality after the completion of earthing, and pours root water；
(3) fertilizing management: transplanting crop field is applied fertilizer for the first time after 2 months, to foliage-spray nutritious liquor after first fertilising 7-10 days
Carry out top dressing；It with Eco-fertilizer is proportionally that 1-3:2-5 is mixed that fertilizer used, which is farmyard manure, and fertilising combines tillage and weeding to carry out；
It is primary every 1-2 month with nutrient solution to carry out foliage-spray；
(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: from transplanting crop field 1-2 months, desinsection is sprayed every the 3-6 days rhizomes and blade to Chinese yam plant
Liquid；
(5) water management: spring will hold gutter successfully in time；Summer hot and dry weather season will pour water taking precautions against drought, and pour water to protect
Holding ridge furrow upper soll layer has certain humidity, when damage caused by a drought occurs, every the water of filling in 10 days, keeps soil moisture, reduces field temperature
Degree；It pours water and is carried out in the dusk, exhausted immediately after being filled in 2-3 hours.
2. a kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that disappearing in the step (2)
Malicious powder is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: 10-20 parts of calcium oxide, 3-9 parts of garlic oil, 0.1-0.3 parts of clostridium bifermentans, rhizobium
0.2-0.5 parts, 0.3-0.6 parts of sulfide-oxidizing enzyme, 5-12 parts of bamboo powder, 3-8 parts of plant ash, 6-12 parts of sodium chloride and thiophanate methyl water
2-4 parts of solution.
3. a kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the agriculture in the step (2)
Family is made of with Hefei the raw material of following parts by weight: 15-22 parts of agricultural crop straw, 4-8 parts of orange peel, 5-9 parts of soybean residue, mud 3-
8 parts, 10-16 parts of shale, 15-20 parts of peat soil, 6-12 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of soy sauce residues and 2-7 parts of citric acid waste；It is prepared
Method is by the way that after being put into all raw materials and being sufficiently mixed in batch mixer, uniformly spraying biogas slurry to mixed material moisture is 23-
26%, then obtained after stack retting 16-20 days under conditions of temperature is 30-33 DEG C.
4. a kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the battalion in the step (2)
Nutrient solution is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: 2-9 parts of mushroom, 1-3 parts of Artemisia santonica grass, 1-3 parts of sesame straw, 1-3 parts of selenoprotein solution,
1-3 parts of clover, 3-7 parts of malt, 14-16 parts of pork liver, 0.3-0.5 parts of complex enzyme and 100-120 parts of water；The application of the nutrient solution
Mode are as follows: primary to foliage spray nutrient solution every 12-15 days, continuous sprinkling 2-3 days, the fountain height of pawpaw is per acre every time
150-180kg。
5. a kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the agriculture in the step (2)
Family's fertilizer is poultry manure；The Eco-fertilizer mixes the parts by weight of 5-10 by the way that the urea of the parts by weight of 20-40 to be placed in container
Turtle shell powder, the white granulated sugar of 1-8 parts by weight, the parts by weight oyster shell powder of 5-10, the fermented stalk of 7-12 parts by weight, 7-12 parts by weight
Sodium selenite, the malt of 7-12 parts by weight, the wild leek of 5-10 parts by weight, the beer groove of 7-12 parts by weight and 3-8 parts by weight
Cellulase, then pour into the water of 10-30 parts by weight, then carry out stack retting, after raw material all rots to become to rot matter soil
It arrives.
6. a kind of selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that killing in the step (2)
Worm liquid is made of the raw material of following parts by weight: 8-16 parts of Artemisia santonica grass, 10-20 parts of blue stone, 6-10 parts of Azalea pontica, 5-12 parts of the tuber of stemona,
2-6 parts of geranium wilfordii, 3-8 parts of frutus cnidii, 4-9 parts of polygonum flaccidum, 3-8 parts of Zhu Jin, 5-10 parts of gleditsia sinensis, 6-12 parts of Radix Glycyrrhizae and appropriate amount of water.
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Cited By (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109892191A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-06-18 | 奥格生物技术（六安）有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high-efficient selenium-rich Chinese yam |
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| CN109892191A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-06-18 | 奥格生物技术（六安）有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of high-efficient selenium-rich Chinese yam |
| CN111713358A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method |
| CN111869528A (en) * | 2020-07-25 | 2020-11-03 | 桂林市农业科学研究中心 | Overhead potato-bearing cultivation method for Chinese yam overhead planting |
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Application publication date: 20181214 |