CN105104044A - Planting method for organic rice in mountainous area - Google Patents
Planting method for organic rice in mountainous area Download PDFInfo
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- CN105104044A CN105104044A CN201510516969.9A CN201510516969A CN105104044A CN 105104044 A CN105104044 A CN 105104044A CN 201510516969 A CN201510516969 A CN 201510516969A CN 105104044 A CN105104044 A CN 105104044A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/22—Killing insects by electric means
- A01M1/226—Killing insects by electric means by using waves, fields or rays, e.g. sound waves, microwaves, electric waves, magnetic fields, light rays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for organic rice in a mountainous area. The planting method includes the following steps of address selecting, field preparing, seed processing, sowing and seedling raising, seedling transplanting, insect pest treating, later-stage fertilizer managing, irrigation processing, harvesting and straw and rice husk processing. According to the planting method for the organic rice in the mountainous area, fertilizer and pesticides are not used in the planting process for preventing insect and diseases, a solar insect killing lamp is mainly adopted, and ducks, frogs and fishes are stocked in a paddy field. The solar insect killing lamp integrates energy conservation, environmental friendliness, safety, illumination and the function of inducing and killing mosquitoes and other insects, and the insect killing function is high. According to the planting method, ducks, carps and frogs are stocked into the field, not only insects are removed, and particularly, a biologic chain wherein mutualistic symbiosis of species and cyclic utilization are achieved is formed in the field. Duck manure is used for fertilizing the field so that fodder organisms are multiplied to be fed to ducks, and meanwhile the rice growth is also promoted. The organic rice is good in taste and high in nutrient content, and the organic rice in the mountainous area is full in seed and low in chaff and hull rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rice technical field of cultivation, particularly relate to the implantation methods of mountain area organic rice.。
Background technology
Organic paddy rice refers to the material such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, growth regulator not using chemosynthesis, but follows the course of nature and Ecological Principle, adopts the agrotechnique of a series of sustainable development, maintains continual and steady agriculture process of growth.Manufacture of organic rice, around to perfect based on improvement of soil fertility system, to advance paddy rice Healthy culture for handgrip, to implement integrated pest control in agriculture for ensureing, realizes the overall strategy that crop stablizes high yield.
Along with people are to the common concern of ecological environment problem, propose challenge to being based upon a large amount of system agricultural industry of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals that uses.And the raising of living standards of the people. consumer is to the extensive attention of health problem, and the direction of also impelling people agricultural to be further developed is positioned in the production of nuisanceless, free of contamination agricultural byproducts, and makes corresponding technology, quality standard.Organic farming under organic food concept is must reflecting of this trend.
Plantation organic paddy rice is significant to China, and China is large agricultural country.For a long time, the mode of production of traditional farming uses the compounds such as chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicide, additive in a large number, all brings harmful effect to ecotope and bio-diversity.And the plantation of organic paddy rice, the national requirement to high-grade rice product can be met on the one hand, improve safety, the greenness of food.On the other hand, also help the agricultural pollution reducing excrement of animals, agricultural chemicals etc. and cause, in addition, also help the diversity of protection China ecology, promote the sustainable development of agricultural.There are significant economy, society and ecological benefits.
Also retrieve the patent of following organic rice:
Chinese patent, application number: 201010132306.4; Applicant: Fujian Province Agriculture InstituteSoil and Fertilizer Institute; Denomination of invention: a kind of rice field composting and method for preserving soil moisture for the production of there being machine-processed rice; Summary: the invention provides a kind of rice field composting and method for preserving soil moisture for the production of there being machine-processed rice, the middle low paddy field soil that the method utilizes southern remote mountain areas extensively to distribute, to foster and apply fertilizer as rice field, provide the material that the fertilizer of Chinese milk vetch-vegetative growth of rice plants and field preserve soil moisture using Chinese milk vetch green manure and rice straw organic assembling system, produce organic rice.The present invention is rich in new meaning, reasonable in design, with low cost, benefit is given prominence to, be convenient to implement, be conducive to the recovery development driving Chinese milk vetch, and make full use of agriculture rice straw resource, application the method can promote the development of organic food, be conducive to the increasing peasant income of remote districts, and keep agricultural sustainable development, be a kind of eco-economical Land-Use, there is larger application and popularization value.But there is the fertilizer race problem of paddy rice and Chinese milk vetch in this patent.
Chinese patent, application number: 201410138830.0; Applicant: Xiangzhou County Office of Science and Technology; (54) denomination of invention: a kind of organic rice implantation methods; Summary: the invention discloses a kind of organic rice implantation methods, comprises the fertile process of rice seed bag, nursery, shoot transplanting equipment, site preparation and fertilization four crucial rate-determining steps.In the present invention with coated fertilizer to rice seed process, fertile to plant dressing ratio be 35 ~ 50:1, serves the effect improving percentage of seedgermination, promote seedling development, improve resistance after bag fertilizer.At the fertilizer that the later stage makes by using the material being loaded with natural pest-resistant bacteriostatic activity, the fertile economic benefits and social benefits of medicine, significantly reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect, reduce later stage control number of times, at the foliage fertilizer that rice uses marine algae extract to make heading stage, supplementing the fringe phase in time needs fertilizer, improves photosynthetic efficiency.The present invention have method simple, save labor, significantly improve economic benefit, ecological benefits and social benefit.
Chinese patent, application number: 201210365227.7; Applicant: Danyang Jiaxian Rice Industry Co., Ltd.; Denomination of invention: a kind of organic drought educates paddy rice planting method; Summary: the present invention is that a kind of organic drought educates paddy rice planting method, and the line-spacing of described Rice Cropping is 9 cun, the spacing in the rows of described paddy rice is 8-9 cun, and a kind of organic drought of the present invention educates paddy rice planting method, comprises the steps: A, fosters and apply fertilizer; B, seedling bed; C, sowing; D, fly net is set; E, diversion soaked field; F, Shang Shui.Multiple green manure of the present invention comprises Chinese milk vetch 60%, broad bean 10% and sweet potato 30%.Organic drought of the present invention educates Rice Cropping, and drought-resistant ability is strong, pest-resistant, disease-resistant, and make the leaflet ability of rice seedling strong, daylighting and good permeability, make rice seedling look strongr, improves the quality and yield of rice.This patent deficiency disease pest control technology.
Along with socioeconomic development, the raising of people's living standard, makes people also more and more pay attention to the safety problem of food and the healthy of self, and increasing people advocates the edible of organic rice.A kind of characteristic rice that organic rice often eats as people, adopts organic grow can reduce it and is subject to natural pollution, reduce the Harmful Residue to the harm of health of people.Therefore, set up a whole set of from addressing, whole field, seed treatment, seeding and seedling raising, shoot transplanting equipment, insect pest process, later stage fertilizer management, irrigation water management, results to the organic rice implantation methods of stalk and rice husk process, seem particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the implantation methods of a kind of mountain area organic rice, can overcome existing rice implantation methods causes rice the Harmful Residue content high, and rice quality is poor, and the extermination of disease and insect pest is incomplete, rice straw and rice husk waste, the problem of rice field comprehensive benefit difference.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The implantation methods of mountain area of the present invention organic rice, comprises the following steps:
1) addressing: select there is mountain spring water, away from highway, away from minery, heavy metal analysis is qualified, and have the agricultural producing areas of sustainable production capacity, the requirement of ambient air quality, quality of irrigation water, soil environment quality requirement etc. meet agricultural industry criteria; Soil organic matter content is more than 2.5%, and more than nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are medium, other nutritive elements enrich, the field, mountain area that balances, as Shanglin County, Nanning.
2) whole field: adopt tractor linkage spiral drill bit machinery to bury powder ridge, concrete technology adopts application number to be 201110146170.7, and denomination of invention is: the powder ridge technology of " Rice Powder ridge cultivating method "; Apply base manure and pyroligneous liquor 50-100 times dilution during the rotary tillage of powder ridge, the weight of base manure consists of simultaneously: 10-15% humus+50-60% decomposed manure+surplus plant straw powder, base manure mu 500-1000 kilogram, pyroligneous liquor dilution mu 300-400 liter; One week, soaked field after after basal dressing and dilution; For preventing causing secondary pollution in irrigation process, pouring water will be separated with the sewerage of draining.
3) seed treatment: select the good seed of the Comprehensive Traits such as output, resistance, after selecting fine day to bask seeds 1-2 days, seed is soaked in 20-24 hour in pyroligneous liquor 200 times of dilutions, be soaked in again in clear water to suction after water until it and drained, put broken chest in the high temperature of about 35 DEG C, be down to about 25 DEG C vernalization afterwards; When long half grain of bud, root length 1 grain, namely spread the bud that dries in the air in indoor out and wait to broadcast for 6 hours.
Selection rice matter is neither too hard, nor too soft, mouthfeel good, local flavor is good; paddy quality meets I and II high quality paddy standard; and the good kind of the Comprehensive Traits such as output, resistance; concrete kind can be: " Toyota excellent 553 ", " osmanthus educates No. 9 "; select kind to follow local soil and climatic characteristic, selection have resistance kind to damage by disease and insect, should take into full account the genetic diversity of cover crop in the selection of kind.
4) seeding and seedling raising: adopt dry-raising and sparse-planting technology, every mu of field for 60-70 square metre of seedling bed, the wide 1.2-1.5 rice of rice seedling bed furrow, bed ploughs deeply 20 centimetres, and decomposed manure 10 kilograms is executed in every square metre of seedbed, ash 2 kilograms, fertilizer and 10 centimetres of dark bed soil are mixed thoroughly, scratch even, leveling with rake, then water permeable, sow, bud kind 0.12-0.13 kilogram is broadcast in every square metre of seedbed, broadcast rear light pressure, buried in seed three face, then Nutrition Soil after covering 1 centimetre; Do not pour water in one week after broadcasting, filled with a water every 4-5 days afterwards; When the length of time rice seedlings grow reaches 15-20 days, water pyroligneous liquor 1000 times of mixed diluting liquid in rice shoot, in often liter of pyroligneous liquor stoste, add fineness is 600-800 object powdered activated carbon 100-200 gram.
5) shoot transplanting equipment: treat that the length of time rice seedlings grow reaches 25-30 days, plant height 18-25 centimetre, band tiller rate more than 80%, individual plant tillers more than 2, white root more than 8, then reach strong seedling standard, and hand rice transplanting can be adopted to transplant, with spacing in the rows 8-10cm, line-spacing 20-25cm rationally plants, every pocket rice transplanting 2 strain.
6) insect pest process: install Solar mosquito-killing lamp in rice field, every lamp can control the rice field insect pest of periphery 10-15 mu; The duckling just going out shell, after one week, is put in a suitable place to breed in paddy field by rice transplanting, only puts 15-20 in a suitable place to breed for every mu; Simultaneously also put 20-25 bar weight in a suitable place to breed the carp fry of 300-400 gram for every mu; Later Stage of Rice, 10-15 weight is thrown in the U.S. frog of 200-250 gram in every mu of paddy field.
7) later stage fertilizer management: at paddy rice earing flowering initial stage and Early filling stage, be affixed by compoiste fertilizer respectively to rice field, every mu is affixed by 100-150 kilogram.
8) irrigation water management: after rice transplanting, 25-30 days colonies reach 500-600 strain m
2time, draining dry field, shines to the shooting stage, Surge Irrigation mountain spring water after jointing, and keep 3-6cm profundal zone before and after heading, alternation of wetting and drying after neat fringe, to wet, moistening grouting, gathers in the crops draining in first 7 days and fall dry.
9) gather in the crops: first 40 days of rice harves, receive duck; First 30 days of rice harves, receives fish; First 20 days of rice harves, receives frog; When paddy water content 19-21%, now paddy is fully ripe, starts results, use combine threshing when 90% paddy is fully ripe.
10) stalk and rice husk process: after rice straw is pulverized, then ploughed deeply into field, neither pollute, can soil fertility be increased again; Secondly, the rice husk produced after Rice producing, through expanding treatment also field, just resolves into useful nitrogenous fertilizer in two months, and these rice husks will decompose through 3 years ability down on the farm in the past.
Step 2), step 3) and the pyroligneous liquor described in step 4) to be pH be 3 acidic liquid, be that the waste residue (as pineapple peel, apple skin, banana skin, orange peel, asparagus lettuce skin, useless dish leaf etc.) of cannery and food factory adds the clear water of 5-10 kilogram by per kilogram weight and the acetic acid after fermentation of 0.2-0.5 kilogram of mass concentration 10% obtains for more than one month.
Step 2) in pyroligneous liquor 50-100 times of dilutions and base manure impose on Tanaka simultaneously, can play and accelerate beneficial microbe breeding, promote that crop germinates and well developed root system, thus promotion plant growth, and can soil-borne disease be prevented and treated, as all having suppression or killing action to multiclass pathogens such as sick mould, Penicillium notatum, rhizoctonia, sclerotinite, sickle-like bacteria, the damage by disease and insect such as nematode also can be prevented and treated, regulate soil pH value, purification and improvement soil.Use pyroligneous liquor 200 times of dilution seed soaking effectively can prevent and treat the generation of bakanae disease in step 3).In burgy, mix pyroligneous liquor in step 4) spray rice shoot, not only can promote the growth of root, and the rice shoot after transplanting also there is very strong vitality, be more prone to growth.
Step 2) and the weight of decomposed manure described in step 4) consist of: thin dry ground+5% blackstrap+20% bagasse+5% manioc waste of 30% chicken manure+30% pig manure+10%, to become thoroughly decomposed fermentation one month through sealing.
Solar deinsectization lamp described in step 6) is made up of lamp stand, solar panel and oil lamp.Solar deinsectization lamp is easy to be easy-to-use, its intelligent control module can convert electric energy to solar energy by day and be stored in accumulator, automatically the spectrum frequency conversion light source luring worm is lighted to evening, send the light of specific frequency spectrum, insect around within the scope of 100 meters is attracted to come, then is electrocuted with high-voltage fence.Solar deinsectization lamp is one of content of clean plantation, integrate energy-saving and environmental protecting, emergency lighting, lures mosquito-killing function, and be the ideal physical control of insects means of mankind nowadays, this is all that the Novel planting be on the forefront is scientific and technological.
Put the duck and carp fry that just go out shell in a suitable place to breed Tanaka in step 6), incessantly play the effect of deinsectization, key is the biological chain defining intergrowth of species in field, recycle.Such as, rice field can be duck, fry provides work, the place of life, and the water of abundance and abundant food.Duck, fry are then rice weeding, deinsectization, intertillage muddy water etc.Research shows, the natural plants that duck searches for food in field can reach more than 20 kinds, comprises the weeds being much manually difficult to extract.Finally, duck muck field, had both multiplied feed biology and had taken food for duck, also promoted paddy growth simultaneously.In earlier stage, the fish that utilization is put in a suitable place to breed and local frog eliminate destructive insects paddy rice, and Later Stage of Rice, utilizes fish, the U.S. frog, frog jointly to eliminate rice field pest.Calculate according to investigations, the U.S. frog of 1 about 250g, on average eliminate destructive insects every day more than 100.The rice fish frog altogether support can pest control effectively, crop smothering, increase substantially rice field comprehensive benefit.Inventor investigated 12 pieces put in a suitable place to breed fish, the frog and duck rice field with do not breed fish, the rice field of the frog and duck compares, withered heart seedling reduces 62.9% ~ 83.3%, and dead ears rate reduces 58.3% ~ 84.8%, and rice fulgorid reduces 38.9%, and weeds reduce 41.7%.
The weight of the compoiste fertilizer described in step 7) consists of: the 10-20% Chicken dung+20-30% pig manure+10-15% filter mud of sugarcane that becomes thoroughly decomposed becomes thoroughly decomposed thing+10-15% urea+8-11% superphosphate+5-8% potassium chloride+2% trace element+surplus plant straw powder, and the weight composition of described trace element is: 0.2% sodium sulphate+0.3% slag calcareous fertilisers+0.4% magnesium slag+0.1% ferrous sulfate+0.4% manganese sulphate+0.2% white vitriol+0.1% cupric sulfate pentahydrate+0.1% boric magnesium fertilizer.
Each trace element is on the impact of paddy rice:
Sulphur: rice absorbing utilize mainly with sulphate, also can absorb the amino acid of sulphite and part sulfur-bearing.In paddy rice body, the relation of thionin and nitrogen metabolism is very close.Redox process in sulphur involved in plant body; Sulphur has a certain impact to chlorophyllous formation.During crop a lack of sulfur, growth is rebuffed, and leaf chlorosis or yellow, leaf area is less, and stem is thin and delicate short and small, first emerges in large numbers at spire sheet.
Calcium: calcium is one of element forming plant cell wall, and the calcium of about 60% concentrates on cell wall.
Magnesium: magnesium is one of chlorophyll content, magnesium deficiency leaf green can not be formed, and magnesium is the activator of multiple enzyme.
Iron: the respiration in iron involved in plant body, affects the physiological activity relevant with energy.
Manganese: manganese can promote rice seed germination and growth, and can diastatic vigor be strengthened.Though not containing manganese in chlorophyll, manganese can affect chlorophyllous formation.
Zinc: zinc is indispensable in growth hormone synthesis, and the chlorophyllous synthesis of energy catalysis, be the indispensable element of chlorophyll plant, when zinc is not enough, base of the plant internode is short, lotus plexi, the little shear deformation of leaf, leaf minus green.Zinc is one of constituent of alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase and carbonic anhydrase etc.Lack the ability that zinc plant loses secondary colour propylhomoserin, and tryptophan is the predecessor of heteroauxin, the indoleacetic acid content therefore lacking zinc plant is low.
Molybdenum: molybdenum can promote the formation of protein, participates in various redox process in rice body, can eliminate the toxic action of aluminium in acid ground, manganese ion, promotes paddy growth.Plant lacks molybdenum and shows retarded growth, and plant is short and small, chlorosis between blade arteries and veins, withered downright bad, organizes dehydration to be wilted condition.
Copper: copper is a little oxidasic compositions, so it can affect the redox process in plant corpus.The requirement of rice strain to copper is atomic.
Boron: paddy rice is few to the requirement of boron, boron has facilitation in nitrogen metabolism and absorption nutrient.Boron and mannitol, mannan, polymannuronic acid and other cell wall constituents form stable complex, and these complexs are constituents of cell wall hemicellulose.Boron also involved in plant Pollination effect simultaneously, suppresses the injury of phenols synthesis to young shoot.
Compared with prior art, technique effect of the present invention is:
1, first, the present invention adopts mountain spring water, away from highway, away from ore, heavy metal analysis is qualified, and there are the agricultural producing areas of sustainable production capacity, the requirement of ambient air quality, quality of irrigation water, soil environment quality requirement etc. meet agricultural industry criteria; Soil organic matter content is more than 2.5%, and more than nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are medium, other nutritive elements enrich, the field, mountain area that balances is as the planting base of paddy rice, a good growing environment is provided to paddy rice, make the rice quality produced more excellent, quality is safer, and nutrition is abundanter.
2, pyroligneous liquor 50-100 times of dilutions and base manure are imposed on Tanaka by the present invention in the step of whole field simultaneously, can play and accelerate beneficial microbe breeding, promote that crop germinates and well developed root system, thus promotion plant growth, and can soil-borne disease be prevented and treated, as all having suppression or killing action to multiclass pathogens such as sick mould, Penicillium notatum, rhizoctonia, sclerotinite, sickle-like bacteria, the damage by disease and insect such as nematode also can be prevented and treated, regulate soil pH value, purification and improvement soil.Use pyroligneous liquor 200 times of dilution seed soaking effectively can prevent and treat the generation of bakanae disease in seed treatment step.In burgy, mix pyroligneous liquor in seeding and seedling raising step spray rice shoot, not only can promote the growth of root, and the rice shoot after transplanting also there is very strong vitality, be more prone to growth.
3, the present invention does not use chemical fertilizer and pesticide control damage by disease and insect in planting process, mainly adopts solar deinsectization lamp and in paddy field, puts duck, batrachia and fish in a suitable place to breed.Solar deinsectization lamp is easy to be easy-to-use, its intelligent control module can convert electric energy to solar energy by day and be stored in accumulator, automatically the spectrum frequency conversion light source luring worm is lighted to evening, send the light of specific frequency spectrum, insect around within the scope of 100 meters is attracted to come, electrocuted with high-voltage fence again, integrated energy-saving and environmental protecting, emergency lighting, lured mosquito-killing function.Put the duck and carp fry that just go out shell in a suitable place to breed Tanaka, incessantly play the effect of deinsectization, key is the biological chain defining intergrowth of species in field, recycle.Rice field can be duck, fry provides work, the place of life, and the water of abundance and abundant food, and duck, fry are then rice weeding, deinsectization, intertillage muddy water etc.Duck muck field, had both multiplied feed biology and had taken food for duck, also promoted paddy growth simultaneously.In earlier stage, the fish that utilization is put in a suitable place to breed and local frog eliminate destructive insects paddy rice, and Later Stage of Rice, utilizes fish, the U.S. frog, frog jointly to eliminate rice field pest.Calculate according to investigations, the U.S. frog of 1 about 250g, on average eliminate destructive insects every day more than 100.Rice fish frog duck altogether support can pest control effectively, crop smothering, increase substantially rice field comprehensive benefit.Inventor investigated 12 pieces put in a suitable place to breed fish, the frog and duck rice field with do not breed fish, the rice field of the frog and duck compares, withered heart seedling reduces 62.9% ~ 83.3%, and dead ears rate reduces 58.3% ~ 84.8%, and rice fulgorid reduces 38.9%. weeds and reduces 41.7%.
4, the present invention applies compoiste fertilizer at paddy rice earing flowering initial stage and Early filling stage, significantly improves organic paddy rice growing way, ensures that rice nutrition is balanced.Containing Chicken dung in this compoiste fertilizer, become thoroughly decomposed pig manure, filter mud of sugarcane becomes thoroughly decomposed thing, N P and K, trace element and plant straw powder, chicken manure, pig manure and filter mud of sugarcane contain more organic matter and npk nutrient, and the npk nutrient necessary nutriment that is crops, trace element can promote the g and D of crops, make robust plant, grow fine, can effectively increase yield and improve quality, strengthen crops resistance, anti-continuous cropping, improve drought resisting to resist cold and preventing disease and pest ability, the ill symptoms that can effectively alleviate and prevent crops to show, plant straw powder provides certain fertilizer efficiency.This compoiste fertilizer can ensure the various nutriments needed for paddy growth, and paddy rice is grown fine within whole vegetative period.
5, cropping pattern of the present invention can make organic rice stem stalk sturdy, and growing way is vigorous, plant the narrow strain of wide row, and the large grain of fringe is full, not by large wind effect, not easily lodges.
6, decomposed manure formula of the present invention is reasonable, abundance.The decomposed manure of the plantation use of Zhongshan District of the present invention organic rice comes from processing waste material bagasse and blackstrap, filter mud of sugarcane and the food wastes of the sugarcane of Guangxi establishing in large scale, and raw material is easy to get, easy to process.
7, organic rice mouthfeel of the present invention is good, and nutrition content is high.Rice Kernel of the present invention is full, and not plump shell rate is low.
8, after rice harves of the present invention, rice straw is pulverized and ploughs deeply into field, neither pollute, can soil fertility be increased again; Secondly, the rice husk produced after Rice producing, through expanding treatment also field, just resolves into useful nitrogenous fertilizer in two months, and these rice husks will decompose through 3 years ability down on the farm in the past.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The implantation methods of mountain area of the present invention organic rice, comprises the following steps:
1) addressing: select Shanglin County, Nanning, there is mountain spring water, away from highway, away from minery, heavy metal analysis is qualified, and there are the agricultural producing areas of sustainable production capacity, the requirement of ambient air quality, quality of irrigation water, soil environment quality requirement etc. meet agricultural industry criteria; Soil organic matter content is more than 2.5%, and more than nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are medium, other nutritive elements enrich, the field, mountain area that balances.
2) whole field: adopt tractor linkage spiral drill bit machinery to bury powder ridge, concrete technology adopts application number to be 201110146170.7, and denomination of invention is: the powder ridge technology of " Rice Powder ridge cultivating method "; Apply base manure and 100 times of wood vinegar dilution during the rotary tillage of powder ridge, the weight of base manure consists of simultaneously: 15% humus+50-60% decomposed manure+surplus plant straw powder, and base manure mu is with 800 kilograms, and 100 times of wood vinegar dilution mu is with 400 liters; One week, soaked field after after basal dressing and dilution; For preventing causing secondary pollution in irrigation process, pouring water will be separated with the sewerage of draining.
3) seed treatment: select " Toyota excellent 553 " kind, select after fine day basks seeds 1-2 days, seed to be soaked in pyroligneous liquor 200 times of dilutions 24 hours, then be soaked in clear water to suction after water until it and drain, put broken chest in the high temperature of about 35 DEG C, be down to about 25 DEG C vernalization afterwards; When long half grain of bud, root length 1 grain, namely spread the bud that dries in the air in indoor out and wait to broadcast for 6 hours.
4) seeding and seedling raising: adopt dry-raising and sparse-planting technology, every mu of field for 60-70 square metre of seedling bed, the wide 1.2-1.5 rice of rice seedling bed furrow, bed ploughs deeply 20 centimetres, and decomposed manure 10 kilograms is executed in every square metre of seedbed, ash 2 kilograms, fertilizer and 10 centimetres of dark bed soil are mixed thoroughly, scratch even, leveling with rake, then water permeable, sow, bud kind 0.13 kilogram is broadcast in every square metre of seedbed, broadcast rear light pressure, buried in seed three face, then Nutrition Soil after covering 1 centimetre; Do not pour water in one week after broadcasting, filled with a water every 4-5 days afterwards; When the length of time rice seedlings grow reaches 20 days, water pyroligneous liquor 1000 times of mixed diluting liquid in rice shoot, in often liter of pyroligneous liquor stoste, add fineness is 600-800 object powdered activated carbon 200 grams;
5) shoot transplanting equipment: treat that the length of time rice seedlings grow reaches 28 days, plant height 22 centimetres, band tiller rate 85%, individual plant tillers 3, white root 9, and when reaching strong seedling standard, hand rice transplanting can be adopted to transplant, with spacing in the rows 8-10cm, line-spacing 20-25cm rationally plants, every pocket rice transplanting 2 strain;
6) insect pest process: install Solar mosquito-killing lamp in rice field, every lamp can control the rice field insect pest of periphery 10-15 mu; The duckling just going out shell, after one week, is put in a suitable place to breed in paddy field by rice transplanting, puts 20 in a suitable place to breed for every mu; Simultaneously also put 20 weight in a suitable place to breed the carp fry of 300-400 gram for every mu; Later Stage of Rice, 13 weight are thrown in the U.S. frog of 200-250 gram in every mu of paddy field.
7) later stage fertilizer management: at paddy rice earing flowering initial stage and Early filling stage, be affixed by compoiste fertilizer respectively to rice field, every mu is affixed by 130 kilograms.
9) irrigation water management: after rice transplanting, 25-30 days colonies reach 500-600 strain m
2time, draining dry field, shines to the shooting stage, Surge Irrigation mountain spring water after jointing, and keep 3-6cm profundal zone before and after heading, alternation of wetting and drying after neat fringe, to wet, moistening grouting, gathers in the crops draining in first 7 days and fall dry.
9) gather in the crops: first 40 days of rice harves, receive duck; First 30 days of rice harves, receives fish; First 20 days of rice harves, receives frog; When paddy water content 19-21%, now paddy is fully ripe, starts results, use combine threshing when 90% paddy is fully ripe.
10) stalk and rice husk process: after rice straw is pulverized, then ploughed deeply into field; Secondly, the rice husk produced after Rice producing, through expanding treatment also field, just resolves into useful nitrogenous fertilizer in two months.
Step 2), step 3) and the pyroligneous liquor described in step 4) to be pH be 3 acidic liquid, be that the waste residue of cannery and food factory adds the clear water of 5-10 kilogram by per kilogram weight and the acetic acid after fermentation of 0.2-0.5 kilogram of mass concentration 10% obtains for more than one month.
Step 2) and the weight of decomposed manure described in step 4) consist of: thin dry ground+5% blackstrap+20% bagasse+5% manioc waste of 30% chicken manure+30% pig manure+10%, to become thoroughly decomposed fermentation one month through sealing.
Solar deinsectization lamp described in step 6) is made up of lamp stand, solar panel and oil lamp.
The weight of the compoiste fertilizer described in step 7) consists of: 20% Chicken dung+30% pig manure+15% filter mud of sugarcane that becomes thoroughly decomposed becomes thoroughly decomposed thing+10% urea+8% superphosphate+5% potassium chloride+2% trace element+surplus plant straw powder, and the weight composition of described trace element is: 0.2% sodium sulphate+0.3% slag calcareous fertilisers+0.4% magnesium slag+0.1% ferrous sulfate+0.4% manganese sulphate+0.2% white vitriol+0.1% cupric sulfate pentahydrate+0.1% boric magnesium fertilizer.
The organic rice per mu yield of producing through above-mentioned implantation methods reaches 430 kilograms, every duck 4-5 jin, every bar carp 2-2.5 jin, often only U.S. frog 300-400 gram.
Through the mountain area organic rice that above step is planted, meet GB1354-2009 " rice ", GB2715-2005 " grain sanitary standard ", GB7718-2011 " national food safety standard prepackaged food note general rule ", " rice production licensing examination detailed rules and regulations ", GB28050-2011 " national food safety standard prepackaged food nutritional labeling general rule " standard-required after testing.Mountain area organic rice nutriment and national standard detect heavy metal and pesticide remnant, all meet respective standard, and the organic rice produced is in mouthfeel, and nutrition content facilitates all higher than the general rice of conventional method plantation.And using the organic rice of the present invention's plantation in process of growth, be seldom subject to damage by disease and insect infringement, the later stage reduces the control number of times to sick worm, improves operating efficiency.
Embodiment 2
In order to probe into the effect that rice fish frog duck is supported altogether further, the present inventor investigated 12 pieces put in a suitable place to breed fish, the frog and duck rice field with do not breed fish, the rice field of the frog and duck compares, withered heart seedling reduces 62.9% ~ 83.3%, dead ears rate reduces 58.3% ~ 84.8%, and rice fulgorid reduces 38.9%. weeds and reduces 41.7%.
The sanitary index of the rice of embodiment 4 mountain area of the present invention organic rice implantation methods plantation
According to GB1354-2009 " rice ", GB2715-2005 " grain sanitary standard ", GB7718-2011 " national food safety standard prepackaged food note general rule ", " rice production licensing examination detailed rules and regulations ", GB28050-2011 " national food safety standard prepackaged food nutritional labeling general rule " standard-required, detect the machine-processed rice that has that the embodiment of the present invention a kind is planted, result is as shown in the table:
。
Claims (5)
1. the implantation methods of mountain area organic rice, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) addressing: select there is mountain spring water, away from highway, away from minery, heavy metal analysis is qualified, and there are the agricultural producing areas of sustainable production capacity, the requirement of ambient air quality, quality of irrigation water, soil environment quality require to meet agricultural industry criteria; Soil organic matter content is more than 2.5%, and more than nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are medium, other nutritive elements enrich, the field, mountain area that balances;
2) whole field: adopt tractor linkage spiral drill bit machinery to bury powder ridge; Apply base manure and pyroligneous liquor 50-100 times dilution during the rotary tillage of powder ridge, the weight of base manure consists of simultaneously: 10-15% humus+50-60% decomposed manure+surplus plant straw powder, base manure mu 500-1000 kilogram, pyroligneous liquor dilution mu 300-400 liter; One week, soaked field after after basal dressing and dilution; Pour water and will to be separated with the sewerage of draining;
3) seed treatment: select after fine day basks seeds 1-2 days, seed to be soaked in 20-24 hour in pyroligneous liquor 200 times of dilutions, then be soaked in clear water to suction after water until it and drain, put broken chest in the high temperature of about 35 DEG C, be down to about 25 DEG C vernalization afterwards; When long half grain of bud, root length 1 grain, namely spread the bud that dries in the air in indoor out and wait to broadcast for 6 hours;
4) seeding and seedling raising: adopt dry-raising and sparse-planting technology, every mu of field for 60-70 square metre of seedling bed, the wide 1.2-1.5 rice of rice seedling bed furrow, bed ploughs deeply 20 centimetres, and decomposed manure 10 kilograms is executed in every square metre of seedbed, ash 2 kilograms, fertilizer and 10 centimetres of dark bed soil are mixed thoroughly, scratch even, leveling with rake, then water permeable, sow, bud kind 0.12-0.13 kilogram is broadcast in every square metre of seedbed, broadcast rear light pressure, buried in seed three face, then Nutrition Soil after covering 1 centimetre; Do not pour water in one week after broadcasting, filled with a water every 4-5 days afterwards; When the length of time rice seedlings grow reaches 15-20 days, water pyroligneous liquor 1000 times of mixed diluting liquid in rice shoot, in often liter of pyroligneous liquor stoste, add fineness is 600-800 object powdered activated carbon 100-200 gram;
5) shoot transplanting equipment: treat that the length of time rice seedlings grow reaches 25-30 days, plant height 18-25 centimetre, band tiller rate more than 80%, individual plant tillers more than 2, white root more than 8, then reach strong seedling standard, and hand rice transplanting can be adopted to transplant, with spacing in the rows 8-10cm, line-spacing 20-25cm rationally plants, every pocket rice transplanting 2 strain;
6) insect pest process: install Solar mosquito-killing lamp in rice field, every lamp can control the rice field insect pest of periphery 10-15 mu; The duckling just going out shell, after one week, is put in a suitable place to breed in paddy field by rice transplanting, only puts 15-20 in a suitable place to breed for every mu; Simultaneously also put 20-25 bar weight in a suitable place to breed the carp fry of 300-400 gram for every mu; Later Stage of Rice, 10-15 weight is thrown in the U.S. frog of 200-250 gram in every mu of paddy field;
7) later stage fertilizer management: at paddy rice earing flowering initial stage and Early filling stage, be affixed by compoiste fertilizer respectively to rice field, every mu is affixed by 100-150 kilogram;
8) irrigation water management: after rice transplanting, 25-30 days colonies reach 500-600 strain m
2time, draining dry field, shines to the shooting stage, Surge Irrigation mountain spring water after jointing, and keep 3-6cm profundal zone before and after heading, alternation of wetting and drying after neat fringe, to wet, moistening grouting, gathers in the crops draining in first 7 days and fall dry;
9) gather in the crops: first 40 days of rice harves, receive duck; First 30 days of rice harves, receives fish; First 20 days of rice harves, receives frog; When paddy water content 19-21%, now paddy is fully ripe, starts results, use combine threshing when 90% paddy is fully ripe;
10) stalk and rice husk process: after rice straw is pulverized, then ploughed deeply into field; Secondly, the rice husk produced after Rice producing, through expanding treatment also field, just resolves into useful nitrogenous fertilizer in two months.
2. the implantation methods of mountain area according to claim 1 organic rice, it is characterized in that: step 2), step 3) and the pyroligneous liquor described in step 4) to be pH be 3 acidic liquid, be that the waste residue of cannery and food factory adds the clear water of 5-10 kilogram by per kilogram weight and the acetic acid after fermentation of 0.2-0.5 kilogram of mass concentration 10% obtains for more than one month.
3. the implantation methods of mountain area according to claim 1 organic rice, it is characterized in that: step 2) and the weight of decomposed manure described in step 4) consist of: thin dry ground+5% blackstrap+20% bagasse+5% manioc waste of 30% chicken manure+30% pig manure+10%, to become thoroughly decomposed fermentation one month through sealing.
4. the implantation methods of mountain area according to claim 1 organic rice, is characterized in that: the solar deinsectization lamp described in step 6) is made up of lamp stand, solar panel and oil lamp.
5. the implantation methods of mountain area according to claim 1 organic rice, it is characterized in that: the weight of the compoiste fertilizer described in step 7) consists of: the 10-20% Chicken dung+20-30% pig manure+10-15% filter mud of sugarcane that becomes thoroughly decomposed becomes thoroughly decomposed thing+10-15% urea+8-11% superphosphate+5-8% potassium chloride+2% trace element+surplus plant straw powder, and the weight composition of described trace element is: 0.2% sodium sulphate+0.3% slag calcareous fertilisers+0.4% magnesium slag+0.1% ferrous sulfate+0.4% manganese sulphate+0.2% white vitriol+0.1% cupric sulfate pentahydrate+0.1% boric magnesium fertilizer.
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