CN106576727A - Pollution-free sunflower culture method - Google Patents
Pollution-free sunflower culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106576727A CN106576727A CN201611006329.4A CN201611006329A CN106576727A CN 106576727 A CN106576727 A CN 106576727A CN 201611006329 A CN201611006329 A CN 201611006329A CN 106576727 A CN106576727 A CN 106576727A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pollution-free sunflower culture method. The pollution-free sunflower culture method comprises the following steps: variety selection, land selection and preparation, seed treatment, planting, inspection of seedlings and seeding supplement, thinning and final singling, intertillage and weeding, dripping and fertilization, auxiliary pollination, pest and disease control, harvest and selection. The pollution-free sunflower culture method has the following features: technical management measures for the pollution-free edible sunflower production are taken so that problems such as pesticide hazards, decreased quality and low yield are solved systematically; low cost production of healthy growth of pollution-free edible sunflowers is achieved; traditional edible sunflower culture technology is improved; and high-yield, quality and high-efficiency production of edible sunflowers is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to non-polluted edible type sunflower technical field of cultivation, more particularly to a kind of nuisanceless sunflower cultivation
Method.
Background technology
The seed benevolence protein content height of food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, heat are low, hypotensive with artery sclerosis is prevented and treated without cholesterol, anti-cancer
The snack food of the nutrition health-care functions such as anticancer.External food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is mainly added in the food such as bread, current city of China
Consumption on field is mostly directly to knock edible after baking.With the raising of living standards of the people, knock food melon seeds and have been enter into thousand ten thousand
Family, consumption figure increases year by year.In the world the country of establishing in large scale food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is few, mostly based on oilseed sunflower, China
It is kind of the larger country of herbivore certain herbaceous plants with big flowers area, more than 1,100,000 hectares of Annual planting area, average per unit area yield 1950kg/hm2, it is main to concentrate
In the plantation of the provinces and regions such as the Inner Mongol, Xinjiang, Heilungkiang and Shanxi.Current China is higher due to kind of the comparative effectiveness of herbivore certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, plantation
Area increases year by year, and food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers raw material and seed demand are very big, and food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers development prospect is wide.
Though food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in China and is implanted with longer history, main based on the local conventional variety of plantation, proterties is shown
Mix irregular, seed size to differ, pattern is mixed and disorderly, Empty grain rate and Husk weight are high, the yielding poorly of product, commodity are poor, also not
Beneficial to results.Although certain cultivation management experience and technology is summarized aborning and have accumulated in peasant household, from standardization, specification
The requirement of change also has very big difference, and yield does not also reach high yield standard in limited area, and part peasant planting technology is also very
Unreasonable, the phenomenon such as the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling, disease pest harm, moth food seed needs to be solved by technical measures.Must strengthen simultaneously
Science, reasonable, effective water and fertilizer management measure, the nuisanceless sunflower seed of production of depending on science and technology in good time, the constantly modern water saving of application
Theory develops water-saving characteristic eats certain herbaceous plants with big flowers industry, and improve product quality, extension industry chain grows cultivation scale, realizes that processing increases
Value, walks trade, work, agriculture integration way, and effort forms west of a river high-quality food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers production base.
In sum, current sunflower proterties mixes irregular, seed size and differs, and pattern is mixed and disorderly, Empty grain rate and cot
Rate is high, and the yielding poorly of product, commodity are poor, are also unfavorable for harvesting, and planting technology is also very unreasonable, the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling, disease pest endanger,
The moth food phenomenon such as seed needs to be solved by technical measures, and water and fertilizer management measure also not science, rationally；Therefore having must
A kind of sunflower cultural method is provided, under condition of drip irrigation, the yield and quality of food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is increased substantially.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of nuisanceless sunflower cultural method, it is intended to solve current food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers proterties and mix
Miscellaneous irregular, seed size differs, and pattern is mixed and disorderly, and Empty grain rate and Husk weight are high, and the yielding poorly of product, commodity are poor, and disease pest is endangered
Evil management, the problem of water and fertilizer management measure not science etc..
A kind of nuisanceless sunflower cultural method of the present invention, including：
Fruit variety：Select the kind that plant is short, disease resistance is strong；
Soil is selected and prepared：Select depth of soil, total salt amount, the content of organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen quantity, rapid available phosphorus amount, quick-acting
The suitable soil of potassium amount, pH value；Carrying out the autumn turns over, and enriches decomposed manure；Autumn ploughed after the beginning of spring in next year or the spring ploughs after the spring turns over
Carry out immediately harrowing a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation, after rake a kind of farm tools soil closing carried out, with 48% trifluralin ec or 96% gold medal all thats even spraying is watered,
The mixed soil of shallow rake is carried out after spraying, in state to be broadcast；
Seed Treatment：Seed coat agent Cotton seeds when being dressed seed using 50% Sukeling wettable powder, or fitting happy with 2.5%,
Medicament is 1 with the mass ratio of seed：50；While being dressed seed with the 50% of seed weight 0.2% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate；
Sowing：From mid or late April to early or mid May, 5cm～10cm ground temperature is stable to be sowed at 10 DEG C.
Further, 70cm covering with ground sheeting, the row of 1 film 2 are adopted during sowing；Using wide-narrow row planting, wide row 55cm～70cm is narrow
Row 40cm～60cm；Using program request on air-aspiration type precision mulch film spreading and seeding machine film, per 1～2, cave, depth of planting 2cm～3cm；
Spacing in the rows is 40cm～60cm；
Also need to carry out heavy dressing seed manure during sowing, apply three material peroxophosphoric acid 10kg/667m2～15kg/667m2, urea 5kg/
667m2～8kg/667m2, potassium sulfate 10kg/667m2, with shoe colter by three material peroxophosphoric acid, urea, potassium sulphate fertilizer material deep fertilizer
To the side of the seed and than seed depth 5cm～10cm.
Further, the soil is selected and prepared, and is specifically included：
Select depth of soil ＞ 30cm, total salt ＜ 3.0g/kg, content of organic matter ＞ 10g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen ＞ 40mg/kg,
Rapid available phosphorus ＞ 10mg/kg, available potassium>The soil of 180mg/kg, pH value 7.0～8.5, front work is with corn, wheat, a kind of watermelon and clover
It is preferred；
Autumn applies the fertilizer 2000kg/667m for becoming thoroughly decomposed before turning over2；Autumn plough after the beginning of spring in next year or the spring plough the spring turn over after immediately
Carry out harrowing a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation, after rake a kind of farm tools soil closing is carried out；
With 48% trifluralin ec 100mL/667m2～150mL/667m2, or 96% gold medal all that 80mL/667m2~
100mL/667m2, 30kg is watered, even spraying carries out the mixed soil 3cm～5cm of shallow rake, in state to be broadcast after spraying；
The fertilizer moisture 35% for becoming thoroughly decomposed, organic matter ＞ 10.96%, N ＞ 1.11%, P2O5＞ 0.332%, K2O ＞
0.764%.
Further, it is described after planting also to need to carry out field management；The method of the field management includes：
Look into seedling to reseed：Look into seedling after emerging early；Using reseeding after water seed soaking vernalization, digging cave, moisturizing, point are carried out when reseeding
Kind, earthing, light suppression；
Connection drip irrigation equipment：After planting lay out, and connect drip irrigation zone；
Thinning, final singling：1 pair of true leaf starts thinning；Final singling during 2 pairs of true leaves；Double strains are not stayed during final singling, stayed that seedling is uniform, prevented or cure a disease
Weak seedling；
Middle weeding：The time of infertility intertills 3 times；
Drip and topdress：Food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth medium and the time of infertility carry out dripping topdressing；
Spray foliage fertilizer：Come into bloom, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200g/667m2, or add 200g/667m2Urea, is watered
30kg carries out foliage-spray；Interval 7d sprays again 1 time, or with 0.2% borax soln 40kg/667m2Carry out foliage-spray；When spraying
Between in the morning 11:Before 00 and afternoon 17:After 00；
Prune, remove old leaf：When there is branch, the branch grown between leaf is tucked in is extractd, and the later stage of blooming removes bottom old leaf；
Supple-mentary pollination：Using putting honeybee supple-mentary pollination and artificial supplementary pollination.
Further, the method for middle weeding includes：
Carry out in aobvious row for 1st time, depth 8cm～10cm；Carry out before final singling for 2nd time, depth 12cm～14cm；3rd
It is secondary trench digging to be combined before Feng Long waters, is earthed up and is topdressed and once carry out, depth 16cm～18cm.Drip irrigation plantation, preferably in wide row
Intertilled, protection Flexible water pipe is should be noted that during intertillage.
Further, the method topdressed of dripping includes：
Food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth medium is dripped to topdress and apply urea 25kg/667m with reference to drop of dripping2～35kg/667m2, special drip irrigation fertilizer
20kg/667m2～25kg/667m2, boron fertilizer 1kg/667m2；Apply with reference to dripping points for 3 times or 5 times；
The time of infertility pours water or drips 7 times～9 time；Drip for 1st time and dripped in sowing, using it is dry broadcast it is wet go out to drip and emerge,
Head water water rate control is in 15m3/667m2, seedling stage carries out 1 time～2 times and drips；
Drip for 2nd time in mid-June time, the amount of dripping 40m3/667m2～50m3/667m2；
3rd water subsequently drips and carries out with reference to fertilising at the beginning of florescence, 7 months late Junes of time per 7d～15d；Post flowering
Phase, each water rate control was in 50m3/667m2, stop dripping before 10d～15d before harvesting.
Further, artificial supplementary pollination method includes：
Fine day is selected to carry out artificial supplementary pollination；In full-bloom stage, pollinate 1 time～3 times every 3d～4d, daily 11：00～14：
00、16：00～19：Pollinate when 00.
Further, the preventing and treating for after planting also needing to carry out pest and disease damage；The prevention and controls of the pest and disease damage include：
Cultural control：From disease-resistant, resistance to disease food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers new varieties, selected capsuled seed；Carry out crop rotation, rational deployment product
Kind, in adjustment sowing time, plough deeply arable land, winter irrigation, in good time intertillage and weed with a hoe, the rational application of fertilizer, clean plot；
Biological control：Using botanical pesticide, eliminated aphis with 0.38% matrine missible oil, 500 times of liquid are anti-；Protection and utilization
Ladybug, wasp fly, aphid parasite, Chrysopa；
Physical control：Using trapping lamp, gyplure, yellow card's trap migratory pest；
Chemical control：Using capsuled seed, or dispenser of dripping is carried out with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1.0Kg～1.5Kg, or will
Clover chopping is mixed phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and lures 100 times of liquid～200 times liquid to kill trapping subterranean pest-insect and seedling stage insect.
The nuisanceless sunflower cultural method that the present invention is provided, food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is concentrated mainly on the Inner Mongol, Xinjiang, Ningxia in China
Etc. old producing region.Because old producing region is planted year after year, should not rotate crops, pest and disease damage is seriously multiple, affect product hierarchy quality, market competition
Power weakens.Sunflower full seed, the color produced by standardized planting technology is just, oil-containing is more, features good taste, can reach one-level quality
Amount standard, is generally had an optimistic view of by travelling trader, if can strict implement No-harmful apple orchard standard, this product will become fine work and solely lead certain herbaceous plants with big flowers
The trend, tendency of flower market field, becomes the specialty economies pillar of increasing peasant income, growth of agricultural efficiency.The use of the present invention can reach food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers yield
More than 250kg/ mus, the per mu yield for making food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is improved 30 kilograms by the application for eating certain herbaceous plants with big flowers standardization integrated technology, and mu profit can be improved
200 yuan.
The present invention food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind line-spacing be 55cm～70cm, spacing in the rows be 40cm～60cm, harvest strain number 1900 plants/
667m2～2500 plants/667m2, yield 250kg/667m2More than, improve the economic benefit of sunflower planting.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is nuisanceless sunflower cultural method flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is not used to only to explain the present invention
Limit the present invention.
The application principle of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1：Nuisanceless sunflower cultural method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including：
S101：Fruit variety：Select the kind that plant is short, disease resistance is strong；
S102：Soil is selected and prepared：Select depth of soil, total salt amount, the content of organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen quantity, rapid available phosphorus amount,
The suitable soil of available potassium amount, pH value；Carrying out the autumn turns over, and enriches decomposed manure；Autumn ploughs after the beginning of spring in next year or the spring ploughs the spring
Carry out immediately harrowing a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation after turning over, after rake a kind of farm tools soil closing is carried out, be watered with 48% trifluralin ec or 96% gold medal all thats uniform
Spraying, carries out the mixed soil of shallow rake, in state to be broadcast after spraying；
S103：Seed Treatment：Seed coat agent coating when being dressed seed using 50% Sukeling wettable powder, or fitting happy with 2.5%
Process, medicament is 1 with the mass ratio of seed：50；While being mixed with the 50% of seed weight 0.2% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate
Kind；
S104：Sowing：From mid or late April to early or mid May, 5cm～10cm ground temperature is stable to be sowed at 10 DEG C.
The application principle of the present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiment.
1 Main Cultivation Technology
1.1 Fruit variety
1.1 select the kind that plant is shorter, disease resistance is stronger, seed quality to meet GB4407.2 part 2s：Oil Class
In " sunflower seeds " index requirement；Same piece of land should choose the seed of same rank.
1.2 soils are selected and prepared
1.2.1 depth of soil ＞ 30cm, total salt ＜ 3.0g/kg, content of organic matter ＞ 10g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen ＞ are selected
40mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus ＞ 10mg/kg, available potassium>The soil of 180mg/kg, pH value 7.0～8.5, front work with corn, wheat, beat
Melon and clover are preferred.
1.2.2 advocate the autumn to turn over, applying organic manure.Autumn turn over before should to apply the high-quality fertilizer for fully becoming thoroughly decomposed (moisture 35%, organic
Matter ＞ 10.96%, N ＞ 1.11%, P2O5＞ 0.332%, K2O ＞ 0.764%) 2000kg/667m2More than.Autumn ploughed in next year
After the beginning of spring or the spring plough the spring turn over after carry out immediately harrow a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation (site preparation), rake a kind of farm tools after carry out soil closing, with 48% trefanocide breast
Oily 100mL/667m2～150mL/667m2, or 96% gold medal all that 80mL/667m2～100mL/667m2, 30kg is watered, uniform spray
Mist, carries out the mixed soil 3cm～5cm of shallow rake, in state to be broadcast after spraying.
1.3 sowing
1.3.1 Seed Treatment
Seed should be coated, and the seed without coating should carry out dressing seed, using 50% Sukeling wettable powder
Seed dressing, or be 1 with 2.5% ratio of seed coat agent Cotton seeds, medicament and seed when suitable happy：50, prevent and treat sclerotium blight of sunflower.With
The phoxim emulsifiable concentrate of the 50% of seed weight 0.2% carries out the subterranean pest-insects such as seed dressing preventing and treating cutworm.
1.3.2 the sowing time
5cm～10cm ground temperature is stable can to start sowing at 10 DEG C.Can plant from mid or late April to early or mid May.
Under-film drip irrigation, it is practicable it is dry broadcast it is wet go out, ensure normal mature in the case of evening optimum period broadcast.
1.3.3 seeding method
Sowing adopts 70cm covering with ground sheeting, the row of 1 film 2, using wide-narrow row planting, wide row 55cm～70cm, narrow row 40cm～
60cm, using program request on air-aspiration type precision mulch film spreading and seeding machine film, per 1～2, cave, depth of planting 2cm～3cm harvests strain number
In 1900 plants/667m2～2500 plants/667m2.Depending on spacing in the rows is according to the requirement of key to variety book and local conditions.
1.3.4 application rate
Application rate is determined according to planting density, hundred grain weight.Application rate 0.4kg/667m2～0.7kg/667m2。
1.3.5 seed manure
Heavy dressing seed manure.During sowing, three material peroxophosphoric acid 10kg/667m are applied2～15kg/667m2, urea 5kg/667m2～8kg/
667m2, potassium sulfate 10kg/667m2, with shoe colter by above-mentioned deep application of fertilizer to the side of the seed, than seed depth 5cm～10cm
Place.
1.3.6 seeding quality
Accurately, unanimously, seeding down is uniform for seed level, does not weigh and does not leak, and broadcasts row end directly, connects row accurately, and earthing is tight, and suppression is really for the amount of broadcasting
It is real.
2. field management
2.1 look into seedling reseeds
Seedling should be early looked into after emerging, because a variety of causes being short of seedling of causing all should reseed in time, water seed soaking vernalization can be adopted
After reseed, suggestion when reseeding is dug cave, moisturizing, dibbling, earthing, light suppression and is once completed.
2.2 connection drip irrigation equipments
Using drip irrigation, after planting will lay out as early as possible, and connect drip irrigation zone.
2.3 thinnings, final singling
Precision Seeding can not enter final singling in the ranks.Semi-accuracy seeding, 1 pair of true leaf starts thinning, final singling during 2 pairs of true leaves, disease pest
Evil is more serious or easily by the plot of alkali evil, and final singling can more a little later, but the latest also should be before 3 pairs of true leaves.The principle of final singling is
Double strains are not stayed, is stayed that seedling is uniform, is stayed strong sprout, go sick and weak seedling, stop seedling.
Weeding in 2.4
Conditional, the time of infertility intertills 3 times, carries out in aobvious row for the 1st time, depth 8cm～10cm, and the 2nd time in final singling
Before carry out, depth 12cm～14cm, the 3rd time before Feng Long waters combine trench digging, earth up and topdress and once carry out, depth 16cm～
18cm.Drip irrigation plantation, preferably intertilled in wide row, protection Flexible water pipe is should be noted that during intertillage.
2.5 drip topdresses
General planting, should be before seedling stage gravys with meat or vegetables poured over rice or noodles water, by urea 15kg/667m2Bar deep placement is to where seedling 10cm.Drip irrigation
, according to the fertilizer that should in good time drip, drip, with reference to drop of dripping urea 25kg/667m is applied2～35kg/667m2, special drip irrigation fertilizer 20kg/
667m2～25kg/667m2(more than total content >=50%), boron fertilizer 1kg/667m2, apply with reference to dripping, drop fertilizer points for 3 times or 5 times
Should carry out before food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth medium.The time of infertility pours water or drips 7 times～9 time.Drip for 1st time and dripped by after planting
Water, using it is dry broadcast it is wet go out to drip and emerge, head water water rate control is in 15m3/667m2, seedling stage should carry out 1 time～2 times and drip.2nd water
Depending on soil drought situation, mid-June time, the amount of dripping 40m3/667m2～50m3/667m2；3rd water is in florescence, time
At the beginning of 7 months late Junes, subsequently drip and carry out with reference to fertilising per 7d～15d, the later stage, each water rate control was in 50m3//667m2, depending on
Depending on rainfall, wind conditions, repeatedly to prevent the later stage from lodging on a small quantity, stop dripping before 10d～15d before harvesting.
2.6 spray foliage fertilizer
Come into bloom, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200g/667m2, or add 200g/667m2Urea, being watered 30kg carries out leaf
Face sprays, and interval 7d sprays again 1 time, or with 0.2% borax soln 40kg/667m2Foliage-spray is carried out, setting percentage and thousand can be increased
Grain weight.The time is sprayed in the morning 11:Before 00 and afternoon 17:After 00.
2.7 prune, remove old leaf
When there is branch in individual plants, should by leaf tuck between the branch that grows extract in time, reduce nutrient consumption.Lower blade
Early stage is mainly root system and provides nutrient, and late-acting is little, therefore, if the later stage removes bottom old leaf, ventilation can be increased, subtract
Few air humidity, it is highly beneficial to disease-preventing and yield-increasing.Bottom old leaf, yellow leaf, pest and disease damage leaf and nonfunctional leaf can be beaten and be removed.
2.8 supple-mentary pollination
2.8.1 put honeybee supple-mentary pollination
Come into bloom by 0.2 case/667m2Strong group's beehive is put, using honey bees pollination improving edible-type sunflower setting percentage.
2.8.2 artificial supplementary pollination
In the case where overcast and rainy, windy day is more, fine day should be selected to carry out artificial supplementary pollination.In full-bloom stage, by two
Floral disc is pollinated 1 time to gently knocking down together every 3d～4d, is pollinated 2 times or 3 times, with daily 11：00～14：00、
16：00～19：Pollination when 00 is advisable.
3rd, main diseases and insect pests and preventing and treating
3.1 diseases prevention principles
To put prevention first, the non-environmental pollution control principle of integrated control, based on cultural control, physical control, chemical prevention
Supplemented by.Cycle alternation medication, prevents resistance；Do prediction well, pest and disease damage is found in time.
3.2 prevention and controls
3.2.1 cultural control
From disease-resistant, resistance to disease food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers new varieties, selected capsuled seed is answered；Carry out crop rotation, rational deployment kind, adjustment
Sowing time, plough deeply arable land, winter irrigation, in good time intertillage weed with a hoe, the rational application of fertilizer, cleaning plot, reduce disease pest source quantity.
3.2.2 biological control
Using botanical pesticide, can be eliminated aphis with 0.38% matrine missible oil, 500 times of liquid are anti-；Protect and using ladybug, food
The biology natural enemy such as aphid fly, aphid parasite, Chrysopa.
3.2.3 physical control
Using trapping migratory pests such as trapping lamp, gyplure, yellow plates (post).
3.2.4 chemical control
3.2.5 subterranean pest-insect
Using capsuled seed, or dispenser of dripping is carried out, or clover is shredded with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1.0Kg～1.5Kg
Mixing phoxim emulsifiable concentrate lures 100 times of liquid～200 times liquid to kill trapping subterranean pest-insect (mole cricket, wireworm, cutworm etc.) and seedling stage insect
(black suede scarab beetle, weevil etc.).
3.2.6 downy mildew
Seedling stage is with 58% metalaxyl zinc-manganese wettable powder, or 72% cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder, 600 times of liquid
～800 times of liquid sprayings, prevent and treat 1 time or 2 times.Can be with 25% metalaxyl (metalaxyl), 500 times of liquid, or 50% auspicious malicious copper (first frost copper)
500 times of liquid of wettable powder carry out foliar spray, and interval 5d～7d is prevented and treated 1 time, prevented and treated 1 time or 2 times.Medicament is used alternatingly, often
Planting medicament can only use 1 time.
3.2.7 rust
Early stage, is protected with 300 times of liquid of 50% carboxin missible oil, 800 times of liquid or 50% sulphur suspension emulsion or 12.5% speed
3000 times of liquid of sharp wettable powder carry out spraying preventing and treating, and interval 5d～7d is prevented and treated 1 time, prevented and treated 2 times or 3 times.Medicament is used alternatingly,
Every kind of medicament can only be used 1 time.
3.2.8 sclerotiniose
Early stage, is dressed seed or 800 times of liquid～1000 times liquid with 50% carbendazol wettable powder grain weight 0.30%
Spraying, or with the spraying of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid, or with 64% Sandofan wettable powder, 800 times of liquid,
Or dressed seed with 20% Gen Kangbao grain weights 0.30% or the spraying of 1000 times of liquid, or with 2000 times of 50% Sukeling wettable powder
Liquid is sprayed, and is prevented and treated 2 times or 3 times.Medicament is used alternatingly, and every kind of medicament can only be used 1 time.
3.2.9 brown spot
Early stage, is dressed seed with 50% carbendazol wettable powder grain weight 0.30%, or 500 times of liquid～800 times liquid
Spraying, or with 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 500～800 times of liquid, prevent and treat 2 times or 3 times.Medicament is used alternatingly, every kind of
Medicament can only be used 1 time.
3.2.10 sunflower moth
The sunflower moth Adult worms producting eggs initial stage, with the liquid spraying of 1000 times of 2.5% decis liquid～2000 times, or 5% chlorine
The 800 times of liquid～1500 times liquid sprayings of Cyano chrysanthemate ester.Spray 1 time every 5d～7d, prevent and treat 2 times or 3 times.Medicament is used alternatingly, every kind of
Medicament can only be used 1 time.
4th, harvest
4.1 suitable period harvest
When plant lower blade is withered, middle and upper part blade turns yellow, and floral disc is changed into yellowish-brown, and ligulate flower comes off, seed pericarp
It is hardened, physiological maturity has now been reached.When food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers reaches physiological maturity, now floral disc handle is not dehydrated completely, it is easy to cut, should
Disk is manually cut in time, and floral disc is inserted into upward in stalk, received on field after floral disc dehydration, seed loosen, manually struck
Beat or mechanical threshing, wait and dry rear Grain water<When 12%, you can clean classification, packaging, become commodity.
4.2 remove invalid body
During results, the diseased plants such as edible-type sclerotium blight of sunflower, downy mildew, verticillium wilt are taken out of outside field, concentration is burnt or deep
Bury, forbid diseased plant to stay in field.Overlay film field will in time remove residual film, purify farmland
4.3 clean
The seed of results is divided, fine day is dried several days, cleaned with large-scale machinery of cleaning, when impurity is below 2%, moisture
Carry out pack warehouse-in when below 12% in time.Commodity reach the sunflower seeds standards of GB/T 11764.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, not to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention
Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within god and principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of nuisanceless sunflower cultural method, it is characterised in that the nuisanceless sunflower cultural method includes：
Fruit variety：Select the kind that plant is short, disease resistance is strong；
Soil is selected and prepared：Select depth of soil, total salt amount, the content of organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen quantity, rapid available phosphorus amount, available potassium amount,
The suitable soil of pH value；Carrying out the autumn turns over, and enriches decomposed manure；Autumn plough after the beginning of spring in next year or the spring plough the spring turn over after enter immediately
Row rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation, after rake a kind of farm tools soil closing is carried out, and even spraying is watered with 48% trifluralin ec or 96% gold medal all thats, after spraying
The mixed soil of shallow rake is carried out, in state to be broadcast；
Seed Treatment：Seed coat agent Cotton seeds when being dressed seed using 50% Sukeling wettable powder, or fitting happy with 2.5%, medicament
It is 1 with the mass ratio of seed：50；While being dressed seed with the 50% of seed weight 0.2% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate；
Sowing：From mid or late April to early or mid May, 5cm～10cm ground temperature is stable to be sowed at 10 DEG C.
2. nuisanceless sunflower cultural method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that covered using 70cm mulch films during sowing
Lid, the row of 1 film 2；Using wide-narrow row planting, wide row 55cm～70cm, narrow row 40cm～60cm；Using air-aspiration type precision planting after plastic covered
Program request on machine film, per 1～2, cave, depth of planting 2cm～3cm；Spacing in the rows is 40cm～60cm；
Also need to apply seed manure during sowing, apply double superhosphate 10kg/667m2～15kg/667m2, urea 5kg/667m2～8kg/
667m2, potassium sulfate 10kg/667m2, with shoe colter by double superhosphate, urea, potassium sulphate fertilizer material deep fertilizer to the side of the seed
And than seed depth 5cm～10cm.
3. nuisanceless sunflower cultural method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the soil is selected and prepared, tool
Body includes：
Select depth of soil ＞ 30cm, total salt ＜ 3.0g/kg, content of organic matter ＞ 10g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen ＞ 40mg/kg, quick-acting
Phosphorus ＞ 10mg/kg, available potassium>The soil of 180mg/kg, pH value 7.0～8.5, front work is with corn, wheat, a kind of watermelon and clover
It is good；
Autumn applies the fertilizer 2000kg/667m for becoming thoroughly decomposed before turning over2；Autumn plough after the beginning of spring in next year or the spring plough the spring turn over after carry out immediately
Rake a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation, after rake a kind of farm tools soil closing is carried out；
With 48% trifluralin ec 100mL/667m2～150mL/667m2, or 96% gold medal all that 80mL/667m2～100mL/
667m2, 30kg is watered, even spraying carries out the mixed soil 3cm～5cm of shallow rake, in state to be broadcast after spraying；
The fertilizer moisture 35% for becoming thoroughly decomposed, organic matter ＞ 10.96%, N ＞ 1.11%, P2O5＞ 0.332%, K2O ＞
0.764%.
4. nuisanceless sunflower cultural method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described after planting also to need to carry out field
Management；The method of the field management includes：
Look into seedling to reseed：Look into seedling after emerging early；Using reseeding after water seed soaking vernalization, carry out when reseeding digging cave, moisturizing, dibbling,
Earthing, light suppression；
Connection drip irrigation equipment：After planting lay out, and connect drip irrigation zone；
Thinning, final singling：1 pair of true leaf starts thinning；Final singling during 2 pairs of true leaves；Double strains are not stayed during final singling, stays that seedling is uniform, go sick and weak seedling；
Middle weeding：The time of infertility intertills 3 times；
Drip and topdress：Food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth medium and the time of infertility carry out dripping topdressing；
Spray foliage fertilizer：Come into bloom, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200g/667m2, or add 200g/667m2Urea, is watered 30kg
Carry out foliage-spray；Interval 7d sprays again 1 time, or with 0.2% borax soln 40kg/667m2Carry out foliage-spray；Spraying the time exists
The morning 11:Before 00 and afternoon 17:After 00；
Prune, remove old leaf：When there is branch, the branch grown between leaf is tucked in is extractd, and the later stage of blooming removes bottom old leaf；
Supple-mentary pollination：Using putting honeybee supple-mentary pollination and artificial supplementary pollination.
5. nuisanceless sunflower cultural method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the method for middle weeding includes：
Carry out in aobvious row for 1st time, depth 8cm～10cm；Carry out before final singling for 2nd time, depth 12cm～14cm；3rd time
Envelope ridge combines trench digging, earths up and topdress and once carry out before watering, depth 16cm～18cm.Drip irrigation plantation should be in wide row be carried out
Plough, protection Flexible water pipe is should be noted that during intertillage.
6. nuisanceless sunflower cultural method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the method topdressed of dripping includes：
Food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers growth medium is dripped to topdress and apply urea 25kg/667m with reference to drop of dripping2～35kg/667m2, special drip irrigation fertilizer 20kg/
667m2～25kg/667m2, boron fertilizer 1kg/667m2；Apply with reference to dripping points for 3 times or 5 times；
The time of infertility pours water or drips 7 times～9 time；Drip for 1st time and dripped in sowing, using it is dry broadcast it is wet go out to drip and emerge, head water
Water rate control is in 15m3/667m2, seedling stage carries out 1 time～2 times and drips；
Drip for 2nd time in mid-June time, the amount of dripping 40m3/667m2～50m3/667m2；
3rd water subsequently drips and carries out with reference to fertilising at the beginning of florescence, 7 months late Junes of time per 7d～15d；Later stage of blooming is every
Secondary water rate control is in 50m3/667m2, stop dripping before 10d～15d before harvesting.
7. nuisanceless sunflower cultural method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that artificial supplementary pollination method includes：
Fine day is selected to carry out artificial supplementary pollination；In full-bloom stage, pollinate 1 time～3 times every 3d～4d, daily 11：00～14：00、
16：00～19：Pollinate when 00.
8. nuisanceless sunflower cultural method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described after planting also to need to carry out disease pest
Harmful preventing and treating；The prevention and controls of the pest and disease damage include：
Cultural control：From disease-resistant, resistance to disease food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers new varieties, selected capsuled seed；Carry out crop rotation, rational deployment kind,
In adjustment sowing time, plough deeply arable land, winter irrigation, in good time intertillage and weed with a hoe, the rational application of fertilizer, clean plot；
Biological control：Using botanical pesticide, eliminated aphis with 0.38% matrine missible oil, 500 times of liquid are anti-；Protection and using ladybug,
Wasp fly, aphid parasite, Chrysopa；
Physical control：Using trapping lamp, gyplure, yellow card's trap migratory pest；
Chemical control：Using capsuled seed, or dispenser of dripping is carried out with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1.0Kg～1.5Kg, or by clover
Chopping is mixed phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and lures 100 times of liquid～200 times liquid to kill trapping subterranean pest-insect and seedling stage insect.
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| CN201611006329.4A CN106576727A (en) | 2016-11-15 | 2016-11-15 | Pollution-free sunflower culture method |
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| CN107258142A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of corn and the interplanting method of sunflower |
| CN107517688A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-29 | 合肥果成科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of sunflower |
| CN107960280A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-04-27 | 朱甲明 | One food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers reseeds quick emergence implantation methods |
| CN109548582A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-02 | 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of high setting percentage sunflower cross-breeding method suitable for the Northwest |
| CN110036849A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-23 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods |
| CN111418454A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-17 | 中国农业大学 | Planting method of oat-sunflower banded intercropping planting mode |
| CN111657069A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-15 | 甘肃农业大学 | Edible sunflower planting and water-saving high-yield irrigation method for cold irrigation areas of oasis |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107258142A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of corn and the interplanting method of sunflower |
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| CN107960280A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-04-27 | 朱甲明 | One food certain herbaceous plants with big flowers reseeds quick emergence implantation methods |
| CN109548582A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-02 | 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of high setting percentage sunflower cross-breeding method suitable for the Northwest |
| CN110036849A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-23 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of double season super hybridization rice Super-high-yielding Cultivation methods |
| CN111418454A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-07-17 | 中国农业大学 | Planting method of oat-sunflower banded intercropping planting mode |
| CN111657069A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-15 | 甘肃农业大学 | Edible sunflower planting and water-saving high-yield irrigation method for cold irrigation areas of oasis |
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