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Showing posts with label Phyllomedusidae. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Phyllomedusidae. Show all posts

Thursday, January 13, 2022

[Herpetology • 2022] Rediscovery of the rare Phrynomedusa appendiculata (Lutz, 1925) (Anura: Phyllomedusidae) from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil


 Phrynomedusa appendiculata (Lutz, 1925),
recorded in Capão Bonito, state of São Paulo, Brazil,
including adult males (A–D), a detailed view of the calcar (D) from the male in (C, D), and a newly metamorphosed individual (F).

in Moraes, Baêta, ... et Pavan, 2022.

Photographs by L.J.C.L. Moraes.

Abstract
The genus Phrynomedusa Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923 comprises rare and little known phyllomedusid species from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Phrynomedusa appendiculata (Lutz, 1925) is known from three localities since its description and considered a “lost species” because it was last sighted 51 years ago. This pervasive lack of knowledge raised a significant concern about its threat status. Here, we present the rediscovery of P. appendiculata from a breeding population in the Atlantic Plateau forests of the state of São Paulo. This new record allowed the gathering of novel ecological, acoustic and morphological data for this species. Most of the novel data agreed with the variation historically reported for the species, but we found subtle divergences that we interpret as intraspecific variation. Moreover, this record also allowed a reassessment of geographic distribution of the species, and the first inference of its phylogenetic relationships based on molecular data (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA). The resulting phylogeny corroborated the generic placement and evolutionary distinctiveness of P. appendiculata, evidencing the species as sister to the clade P. marginata + P. dryade. Based on novel and historical data, we discuss some putative factors influencing the rarity of P. appendiculata and its congeners, and provide conservation perspectives. We expect that the novel data can support further assessments of threat status for this rare species, as well as initiatives aiming its conservation.

Key words: Amphibia, Alto Paranapanema, Continuum of Paranapiacaba, lost species, Parque Estadual Nascentes do Paranapanema—PENAP, protected area 

 Dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views of an adult male of Phrynomedusa appendiculata (Lutz, 1925) in life, from Capão Bonito, state of São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP 159234; 31.4 mm SVL).
Photographs by D. Pavan.

 Unvouchered individuals of Phrynomedusa appendiculata (Lutz, 1925), recorded in Capão Bonito, state of São Paulo, Brazil,
including adult males (A–D), a detailed view of the calcar (D) from the male in (C, D), and a newly metamorphosed individual (F).
Photographs by L.J.C.L. Moraes.

 
Leandro J. C. L. Moraes, Délio Baêta, Renata C. Amaro, Alexandre C. Martensen and Dante Pavan. 2022. Rediscovery of the rare Phrynomedusa appendiculata (Lutz, 1925) (Anura: Phyllomedusidae) from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa. 5087(4); 522-540. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5087.4.2
Researchgate.net/publication/357702476_Rediscovery_of_the_rare_Phrynomedusa_appendiculata_from_southeastern_Brazil

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Tuesday, November 10, 2020

[Herpetology • 2020] Pithecopus gonzagai • A New Cryptic Species of Pithecopus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) in north-eastern Brazil

  

Pithecopus gonzagai 
de Andrade, Haga, Ferreira, Recco-Pimentel, Toledo & Bruschi, 2020

Photographs by M. Aguiar.

ABSTRACT
The genus of Neotropical frogs Pithecopus includes 11 species occurring east of the Andes from southern Venezuela to northern Argentina. Recent genetic approaches pointed out an unusual genetic diversity among populations from localities in north-eastern Brazil recognized as P. nordestinus. In fact, one of these studies confirmed the hypothesis that the São Francisco River acted as an effective geographical barrier during vicariant events in the evolutionary history of P. nordestinus, resulting in two principal, highly divergent clades. Herein we formally describe this divergent clade as a new cryptic species of Pithecopus from north-eastern Brazil, the sister clade of P. nordestinus. It differs from other species of Pithecopus, except for P. azureus and P. nordestinus, by its small body size, lack of the reticulate pattern on flanks, smaller head width, and advertisement calls generally composed of a three-pulsed core.
 
Keywords: integrative taxonomy, Pithecopus nordestinus, São Francisco River, phenotypically cryptic species


Fig. 3. Pithecopus gonzagai sp. nov. from Brazilian north-eastern, in life. 
A. From the municipality of Pilar, state of Alagoas. B. From the municipality of Recife, state of Pernambuco.
C. From the municipality of São Miguel dos Milagres, state of Alagoas. D.  Arboreal eggs from the municipality of Poção, state of Pernambuco.
Photographs by M. Aguiar.


Class Amphibia Linnaeus, 1758
Order Anura Fischer von Waldheim, 1813
Family Phyllomedusidae Günther, 1858

Genus Pithecopus Cope, 1866

Pithecopus gonzagai sp. nov.

Diagnosis: Pithecopus gonzagai sp. nov. is assigned to the genus Pithecopus (former Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis species group; Caramaschi 2006) by the following set of characters: (1) small body size; (2) dorsolateral macroglands (sensu Antoniazzi et al. 2013) indistinct; (3) smooth skin on back and granulose on belly; (4) fingers and toes long and slender with terminal discs poorly developed; and (5) grasping (opposable to the others) finger I and toe I. Pithecopus gonzagai sp. nov. differs from the highland species of Pithecopus by the (6) lack of the reticulate pattern on flanks, and (7) head width smaller than 11.2 mm.

Etymology: The specific name honours Luiz Gonzaga do Nascimento, better known as Luiz Gonzaga. He was a Brazilian singer, songwriter, musician, poet and one of the most influential figures of Brazilian popular music in the twentieth century. Luiz Gonzaga has been credited for presenting the rich universe of north-eastern musical genres to the rest of the country. He was born and raised in the municipality of Exu, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Pithecopus gonzagai sp. nov. also occurs in the state of Pernambuco, which is equally its type locality.


Felipe Silva de Andrade, Isabelle Aquemi Haga, Johnny Sousa Ferreira, Shirlei Maria Recco-Pimentel, Luís Felipe Toledo and Daniel Pacheco Bruschi. 2020. A New Cryptic Species of Pithecopus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) in north-eastern Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy. 723(1), 108-134. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.723.1147


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Wednesday, August 1, 2018

[Herpetology • 2018] Review of the Genus Cruziohyla (Anura: Phyllomedusidae) with Description of A New Species, Cruziohyla sylviae


Cruziohyla sylviae Gray, 2018


Abstract 
The presented work summarises new and existing phenotypic and phylogenetic information for the genus Cruziohyla. Data based on morphology and skin peptide profiling supports the identification of a separate new species. Specimens of Cruziohyla calcarifer (Boulenger, 1902) occurring in Ecuador, Colombia, two localities in Panama, and one in the south east Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica, distinctly differ from those occurring along the Atlantic versant of Central America from Panama northwards through Costa Rica, Nicaragua, to Honduras. A new species—Cruziohyla sylviae sp. n.—(the type locality: Alto Colorado in Costa Rica)—is diagnosed and described using an integrated approach from morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of the 16S rRNA gene confirms the new species having equal minimum 6.2% genetic divergence from both true C. calcarifer and Cruziohyla craspedopus. 

Key words: Amphibia, Variation, Taxonomy, Cruziohyla, northern South America, Central America, Middle America, Cruziohyla calcarifer, Cruziohyla craspedopus, Cruziohyla sylviae sp. nov., new species



Cruziohyla sylviae sp. n. 
Sylvia’s Tree Frog / Rana arbórea de Sylvia. 

Etymology. The specific name sylviae is a patronym given in adoration of my first grandchild, Sylvia Beatrice Gray. Sylvia originates from the Latin word for forest Silva meaning ‘Spirit of the Forest’. 

Distribution. Occurs at low-mid elevation localities (below 750m) along the Cordillera Central of Central America, primarily along the Atlantic versant, from the Darien Province in southern Panama through Costa Rica and Nicaragua to southern Honduras (Fig. 10). See discussion.





Andrew R. Gray. 2018. Review of the Genus Cruziohyla (Anura: Phyllomedusidae), with Description of A New Species. Zootaxa. 4450(4);  401–426.  DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.4.1

Researcher names spectacular new frog after his granddaughter news.mongabay.com/2018/07/researcher-names-spectacular-new-frog-after-his-granddaughter/ via @Mongabay

  

Resumen: Éste trabajo reúne la información fenotípica y filogenética, tanto nueva como conocida, del género Cruziohyla. Datos de la morfología y el perfil de péptidos de la piel apoyan la identificación de una nueva especie: los especímenes de Cruziohyla calcarifer (Boulenger, 1902) encontrados en Ecuador, Colombia, dos localidades en Panamá y una en las tierras bajas del Atlántico sudeste de Costa, difieren claramente de los encontrados a lo largo de la vertiente atlántica de América Central, desde Panamá hasta Honduras, incluyendo Costa Rica y Nicaragua. Una nueva especie—Cruziohyla sylviae sp. n.—(localidad tipo: Alto Colorado, Costa Rica)—es diagnosticada y descrita utilizando una aproximación integral de da tos morfológicos y moleculares. El análisis filogenético de las secuencias de ADN del gen 16S rRNA confirman que la nueva especie tiene al menos 6.2% de divergencia genética tanto de C. calcarifer como de Cruziohyla craspedopus. 

Palabras clave: Anfibios, variación, taxonomía, Cruziohyla, norte de América del Sur, América Central, América Medio, Cruziohyla calcarifer, Cruziohyla craspedopus, Cruziohyla sylviae sp. nov., nueva especie

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Saturday, June 2, 2018

[Herpetology • 2018] Phasmahyla lisbella • A New Species of Spotted Leaf Frog, Genus Phasmahyla (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) from Southeast Brazil


Phasmahyla lisbella
 Pereira, Rocha, Folly, da Silva​ & Santana,​. 2018

   DOI:  10.7717/peerj.490

Abstract

Based on concordant differences in male advertisement call, tadpole morphology, and absence of haplotype sharing in the barcoding 16S mitochondrial DNA, we describe here a new species of spotted leaf frog of the genus Phasmahyla from Atlantic Forest, State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil. The new species is most similar to P. cochranae (type locality) and P. spectabilis (type locality). It differs from these species by the size of the calcar, moderate-sized body (snout-vent length 30.4–34.4 mm in adult eight males), and in the advertisement call. The tadpoles of Phasmahyla lisbella sp. nov. differ from P. exilis, P. spectabilis, P. timbo, P. guttata and P. jandaia because they do not have row of teeth in the anterior part; differ from P. cruzi by the shape of the anterior end of the oral disc. Through genetic data (phylogenetic distance and haplotype genealogy) we diagnosed the new species where the genetic divergences among its congeners is about 3–6% in a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene, which is above the threshold typically characterizing distinct species of anurans. However, the new species can be distinguished from other congeneric species based on an integrative approach (molecular, bioacoustics, larval, and adult morphology).


Figure 3: Phasmahyla lisbella sp. nov. in life from the type locality (ZUFMS-AMP 8803).
(A) Nocturnal and (B) diurnal coloration.

Images: (A) D.J. Santana and (B) by H. Folly.

Phasmahyla lisbella sp. nov. 

Diagnosis: The new species, Phasmahyla lisbella, is characterized by: (1) grainy dorsal skin; (2) calcar well developed and broad at the base; (3) presence of rounded purple patches in hidden areas of the arm, forearm, thigh, tibia, tarsus, and toes; (4) inner parts of legs and flanks orange colored, with numerous round violet blotches in life; (5) reduced laterodorsal glands; (6) Canthus rostralis slightly distinct; (7) eyes large, and the palpebral membranes translucent over their entire area; (8) forearms slender in males; (9) tarsus large, outer margin smooth or slightly crenulated; (10) fingers medium sized; (11) advertisement call composed by one pulsed note with only one pulse; (12) tadpoles with oral disc large and wide, with a deep recess in the dorsal margin and a less sharp recess in the ventral margin; (13) tadpoles with tooth row formula 0/2(1).






Figure 5: Tadpole. (A) Tadpole (stage 37) in lateral view; (B) in dorsal view; (C) in ventral view; (D) oral disc and (E) tadpole (stage 39) in life (ZUFMS-AMP08879).

Images: (A, B, C and E) H. Folly and (D) D.J. Santana.

 Figure 8: Habitat. (A) Habitat where the specimens was found; (B) Melastomataceae leaf; (C) Egg clutch with transparent jelly found on the leaf of the family plant Melastomataceae.
 Images: D.J. Santana.

Distribution: The new species is known only from its type locality (Fazenda Ventania, Área de Proteção Ambiental Ventania, Miracema municipality, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil).

Etymology: The specific name is a noun, honoring Lis Alves Pereira de Oliveira da Rocha and Bella Alves Pereira Custódio da Rocha, nieces of L.C.L. Rocha. Citizens of Miracema, and future representatives for nature conservancy in the region.


Elvis Almeida Pereira, Lucas Custódio Lomba Rocha, Henrique Folly, Hélio Ricardo da Silva​ and Diego José Santana​​. 2018.  A New Species of Spotted Leaf Frog, Genus Phasmahyla (Amphibia, Phyllomedusidae) from Southeast Brazil. PeerJ. 6:e4900.  DOI:  10.7717/peerj.4900

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Monday, December 18, 2017

[Herpetology • 2017] Evolutionarily Significant Units of the Critically Endangered Leaf Frog Pithecopus ayeaye (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) are Not Effectively Preserved by the Brazilian Protected Areas Network


Pithecopus ayeaye B. Lutz, 1966

de Magalhães, Lemes, Camargo, et al. 2017. 
Photograph by R. A. Brandão. || DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3261   

Abstract

Protected areas (PAs) are essential for biodiversity conservation, but their coverage is considered inefficient for the preservation of all species. Many species are subdivided into evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) and the effectiveness of PAs in protecting them needs to be investigated. We evaluated the usefulness of the Brazilian PAs network in protecting ESUs of the critically endangered Pithecopus ayeaye through ongoing climate change. This species occurs in a threatened mountaintop ecosystem known as campos rupestres. We used multilocus DNA sequences to delimit geographic clusters, which were further validated as ESUs with a coalescent approach. Ecological niche modeling was used to estimate spatial changes in ESUs’ potential distributions, and a gap analysis was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the Brazilian PAs network to protect P. ayeaye in the face of climate changes. We tested the niche overlap between ESUs to gain insights for potential management alternatives for the species. Pithecopus ayeaye contains at least three ESUs isolated in distinct mountain regions, and one of them is not protected by any PA. There are no climatic niche differences between the units, and only 4% of the suitable potential area of the species is protected in present and future projections. The current PAs are not effective in preserving the intraspecific diversity of P. ayeaye in its present and future range distributions. The genetic structure of P. ayeaye could represent a typical pattern in campos rupestres endemics, which should be considered for evaluating its conservation status.

KEYWORD: Sapproximate Bayesian computation, campos rupestres, conservation genetics, ecological niche modeling, niche overlap, statistical phylogeography 


FIGURE 1: An individual of Pithecopus ayeaye B. Lutz, 1966 from type locality, Morro do Ferro, Poços de Caldas—MG.

Photograph by Reuber Albuquerque Brandão. 

Rafael Félix de Magalhães, Priscila Lemes, Arley Camargo, Ubirajara Oliveira, Reuber Albuquerque Brandão, Hans Thomassen, Paulo Christiano de Anchietta Garcia, Felipe Sá Fortes Leite and Fabrício Rodrigues Santos. 2017. Evolutionarily Significant Units of the Critically Endangered Leaf Frog Pithecopus ayeaye (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) are Not Effectively Preserved by the Brazilian Protected Areas Network.  Ecology and Evolution. 7(21); 8812–8828.  DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3261  
ResearchGate.net/publication/319957237_Evolutionarily_significant_units_of_the_critically_endangered_leaf_frog_Pithecopus_ayeaye_Anura_Phyllomedusidae_are_not_effectively_preserved_by_the_Brazilian_protected_areas_network


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Friday, October 6, 2017

[Herpetology • 2017] Pithecopus araguaius • Unrevealing the Leaf Frogs Cerrado Diversity: A New Species of Pithecopus (Anura, Arboranae, Phyllomedusidae) from the Mato Grosso state, Brazil


Pithecopus araguaius 
 Haga, de Andrade, Bruschi, Recco-Pimentel & Giaretta, 2017


Abstract

The Neotropical frog genus Pithecopus comprises currently 10 species. A recent molecular phylogeny suggested the existence of two subclades within it, one of them including P. palliatus, P. azureus, P. hypochondrialis, and P. nordestinus (lowland species). Herein we describe a new species of this subclade from Pontal do Araguaia, in the Brazilian Cerrado in the Mato Grosso state. Recognition of the new species is supported by adult morphology, advertisement call and molecular data. The new species differs from Pithecopus highland species by its smaller head width and lack of the reticulate pattern on flanks. From lowland species, the new form differs by being significantly smaller in snout vent-length, advertisement call with the greatest number of pulses, and high genetic distance. Interestingly, we also report on occurrence of P. hypochondrialis (its sister species) at an adjacent site (about 3km). Also, we report on the occurrence of the new species in the Chapada dos Guimarães and Santa Terezinha, both also in the Mato Grosso state.



Fig 4. Paratopotypes of Pithecopus araguaius sp. n. in life. Specimens from Pontal do Araguaia, Mato Grosso state, Brazil.
Adult males (A) AAG-UFU 4877, SVL = 31.4 mm; (B) AAG-UFU 4878, SVL = 33.6 mm; (C) AAG-UFU 3442, SVL = 32.8 mm and (D) AAG-UFU 3443, SVL = 31.0 mm. 

Pithecopus araguaius sp. n. 

Type locality: Pontal do Araguaia (418 m above sea level), Mato Grosso state, Brazil.

Diagnosis: Pithecopus araguaius sp. n. is assigned to the genus Pithecopus (former Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis species group) by the following set of characters: (1) small body size; (2) dorsolateral macroglands (sensu) indistinct; (3) smooth skin on back and granulose on belly; 4) fingers and toes long and slender with terminal discs poorly developed; (5) grasping (opposable to the others) finger I and toe I. The new species differs from the highland Pithecopus species by its (6) smaller head width; and (7) lack of the reticulate pattern on flanks; and from the lowland species by having significant differences in its (8) smaller snout vent-length, and (9) call with a greater number of pulses.

Etymology: The epithet araguaius it is masculine latinized form of the indigenous Tupi word “araguaia”, a reference to the Araguaia River, which cross the type-locality of the new species.

Distribution: Based on the morphological and genetic similarities between populations from Pontal do Araguaia, Chapada dos Guimarães and Santa Terezinha (all MT), the specific identity between all three is well supported. Chapada dos Guimarães and Santa Terezinha are about 380 km west and 630 km north from the type-locality of P. araguaius sp. n., respectively. Based on the distribution provided by Bruschi et al. [2013], the range of the new species overlaps with that of P. hypochondrialis South, but not with those of P. azureus and P. nordestinus (see their Fig 2).

....


Isabelle Aquemi Haga, Felipe Silva de Andrade, Daniel Pacheco Bruschi, Shirlei Maria Recco-Pimentel and Ariovaldo Antonio Giaretta. 2017. Unrevealing the Leaf Frogs Cerrado Diversity: A New Species of Pithecopus (Anura, Arboranae, Phyllomedusidae) from the Mato Grosso state, Brazil.   PLoS ONE. 12(9): e0184631. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184631

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Sunday, January 22, 2017

[Herpetology • 2016] Review of the Rare Genus Phrynomedusa Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923 (Anura: Phyllomedusidae) with Description of a New Species; Phrynomedusa dryade


Phrynomedusa dryade 
Baêta, Giasson, Pombal & Haddad, 2016   

DOI:  10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-15-00009.1 

Abstract 
We present the first taxonomic review of the genus Phrynomedusa since its description with diagnoses of the genus and species. We present a broad literature review of the genus and provide updates and remarks about the type series, tadpoles, calls, geographic distribution, and natural history of the species of Phrynomedusa. Additionally we describe a new species from município de São Luiz do Paraitinga, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Phrynomedusa dryade was initially identified as Phrynomedusa marginata; however, an integrated analysis of morphological and molecular characters enabled its recognition as a separate new species. For the first time, the advertisement call for one species of Phrynomedusa is described in detail. We describe the tadpole and present some field notes about the activity and biology of this new species.
Keywords: Atlantic Forest, Phrynomedusa dryade sp. nov., Tadpole, Taxonomy, Vocalization


Phrynomedusa Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923 
Type species.— Phrynomedusa fimbriata Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923 (3–5), by monotypy.

• Phrynomedusa fimbriata Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923
• Phrynomedusa appendiculata (A. Lutz, 1925)

FIG. 4.— Live specimen of Phrynomedusa appendiculata from Paranapiacaba, município de Santo André , São Paulo, Brazil (Photos by Gualter Lutz, Gualter Lutz Slide Collection, MNRJ). 

• Phrynomedusa marginata Izecksohn and Cruz, 1976
• Phrynomedusa vanzolinii Cruz, 1991
• Phrynomedusa bokermanni Cruz, 1991

• Phrynomedusa dryade sp. nov. 



 Etymology.— The specific epithet ‘‘dryade’’ is in the genitive case and is derived from the Ancient Greek ‘‘dryas’’ (tree) and the suffix ‘‘ades’’ (from trees). The new name is a noun in apposition. In Greek mythology, dryads were the rare guardian deities of forests and woods. The German naturalist K.F.P. Martius (Martius et al. 1840) used the term ‘Dryads’ in the first phytogeographic division of Brazilian territory into five floristic regions, in which Dryads was the term used to refer to Atlantic Coastal Forest. The name of this new species refers to the occurrence of this beautiful Monkey Frog in the Atlantic Forest Domain. 

Distribution.— Phrynomedusa dryade is known only from five localities in southeastern Brazil: four localities in state of São Paulo (municípios de Cananéia, Salesópolis, Itanhaém, and São Luiz do Paraitinga) and one locality in state of Rio de Janeiro (município de Paraty; Fig. 1).

 Holotype (A) CFBH 16026, male, SVL ¼ 30.9 mm (photo by C.F.B. Haddad) and paratype (B) CFBH 7684, SVL ¼ 29.5 mm (photo by L.O.M. Giasson) of Phrynomedusa dryade, adult males from Núcleo Santa Virgínia, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, município de São Luiz do Paraitinga, São Paulo, Brazil.  

FIG. 8.— Holotype (A) CFBH 16026, male, SVL ¼ 30.9 mm (photo by C.F.B. Haddad) and
paratype (B) CFBH 7684, SVL ¼ 29.5 mm (photo by L.O.M. Giasson) of Phrynomedusa dryade, adult males from Núcleo Santa Virgínia, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, município de São Luiz do Paraitinga, São Paulo, Brazil.
Topotypes (C) MNRJ 57954; male SVL ¼ 27.6 mm (photo by J.P. Pombal, Jr.),
(D) specimen not specified (photo by I. Sazima) of Phrynomedusa marginata, males from município de Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil.  


 Délio Baêta, Luís Olímpio Menta Giasson, José P. Pombal and Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad. 2016. Review of the Rare Genus Phrynomedusa Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923 (Anura: Phyllomedusidae) With Description of a New Species.   Herpetological Monographs. 30(1); 49-78. DOI:  10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-15-00009.1
  

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