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Showing posts with label Amblypygi - Whip Spider. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Amblypygi - Whip Spider. Show all posts

Wednesday, October 11, 2023

[Arachnida • 2023] Mastigoproctus franckei, M. xetame & M. yalchanchak • Three New Species of the Giant Vinegaroon Genus Mastigoproctus (Uropygi: Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae) from Mexico


Mastigoproctus xetame
 Barrales-Alcalá & Francke, 2023


 Abstract 
The giant vinegaroons of the genus Mastigoproctus Pocock, 1894 have been the subject of recent investigations aimed at elucidating relationships between their species and their validity. In particular, new data have revealed the presence of new species as well as revalidated species that were previously considered as synonyms of Mastigoproctus giganteus (Lucas, 1835). The genus occurs in southern USA, Mexico and South America. In this paper, we describe three additional new species from Mexico: M. franckei Barrales-Alcalá, sp. nov. from Xilitla, San Luis Potosí, M. xetame Barrales-Alcalá & Francke, sp. nov. from the highlands of Jalisco and M. yalchanchak Barrales-Alcalá & Francke, sp. nov. from La Esperanza, Chiapas. The present contribution raises the diversity of the order Thelyphonida in Mexico to 10 species.

KEYWORDS: Whip-scorpion, biodiversity, new taxa


Family Thelyphonidae Lucas, 1835
Subfamily Mastigoproctinae Speijer, 1933

Genus Mastigoproctus Pocock, 1894: 129, 130
Type species.—Thelyphonus giganteus Lucas, 1835, by original designation.


Mastigoproctus franckei Barrales-Alcalá, sp. nov.

Etymology.—This species name is a patronym in honor to Oscar F. Francke Ballve, who has devoted his life to arachnology in Mexico and other parts of America. His tireless work has become a benchmark for a new generation of enthusiastic arachnologists.
 
Mastigoproctus xetame, sp. nov., habitus, dorsal (a, c) and ventral (b, d) aspect.
a, b. ♂ holotype (CNAN [T1502]). c, d. ♀ paratype (CNAN [T1504]).
Scale bars = 20 mm.

Mastigoproctus xetame Barrales-Alcalá & Francke, sp. nov.

Etymology.—This new species name refers to the Huichol word xetáme that means reddish (Grimes & McIntosh 1954), which is the color of the adult specimens. The name is a noun in apposition.

Mastigoproctus yalchanchak Barrales-Alcalá & Francke, sp. nov.

Etymology.—This new species name is a composition of the Tojolabal words yal chan (small animal) and chak (red color) (Lenkersdorf 2010) and refers to the size and color of the adult specimens. The name is a noun in apposition.


Diego Alejandro Barrales-Alcalá and Oscar F. Francke. 2023. Three New Species of the Giant Vinegaroon Genus Mastigoproctus (Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae) from Mexico. The Journal of Arachnology.  51(2); 223-237. DOI: 10.1636/JoA-S-22-013 

Los vinagrillos del género Mastigoproctus Pocock, 1894 han sido objeto de investigaciones recientes encaminadas a dilucidar las relaciones entre sus especies y la validez de las mismas. En particular, nuevos datos han revelado la presencia de nuevas especies, así como la validez de otras que antes se consideraban como sinónimos de Mastigoproctus giganteus (Lucas, 1835). El género se encuentra en el sur de Estados Unidos, México y Sudamérica. En este artículo, describimos tres nuevas especies adicionales de México: M. franckei Barrales-Alcalá, sp. nov. de Xilitla, San Luis Potosí, M. xetame Barrales-Alcalá & Francke, sp. nov. del altiplano de Jalisco y M. yalchanchak Barrales-Alcalá & Francke, sp. nov. de La Esperanza, Chiapas. La presente contribución eleva la diversidad del orden Thelyphonida en México a 10 especies.

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Sunday, July 23, 2023

[Arachnida • 2023] Jorottui ipuanai • Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of A New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia


 Jorottui ipuanai
 Moreno-González, Gutierrez-Estrada & Prendini, 2023


 Abstract
The ancient, enigmatic whip spider family Paracharontidae Weygoldt, 1996, representing the basalmost lineage of the arachnid order Amblypygi Thorell, 1883, is revised. The monotypic West African genus Paracharon Hansen, 1921, from Guinea Bissau, is redescribed, based on a reexamination and reinterpretation of the newly designated lectotype. A new troglobitic whip spider, Jorottui ipuanai, gen. et sp. nov., is described from a cave system in the upper basin of the Camarones River in the La Guajira Department of northeastern Colombia. This new taxon is the second extant representative of Paracharontidae and the first outside Africa. It is unambiguously assigned to the family based on several characters shared with Paracharon caecus Hansen, 1921, notably a projection of the anterior carapace margin, the tritosternum not projecting anteriorly, similar pedipalp spination, a reduced number of trichobothria on the tibia of leg IV, and cushion-like female gonopods. A detailed examination confirmed the absence of ocelli in both genera and the presence of three (Paracharon) vs. four (Jorottui, gen. nov.) prolateral teeth on the basal segment of the chelicera, the dorsalmost tooth bicuspid in both genera. The male gonopods of Paracharontidae are described for the first time. Paracharonopsis cambayensis Engel and Grimaldi, 2014, is removed from Paracharontidae and placed incertae sedis in Euamblypygi Weygoldt, 1996; amended, comparative diagnoses are presented for Paracharontidae and Paracharon; and previous interpretations of various diagnostic characters for Paracharontidae are discussed.



Jorottui, gen. nov.

Diagnosis: Jorottui, gen. nov., shares the following characters with Paracharon: the complete absence of ocelli (fig. 5); pedipalp femur with four primary ventral spines (fig. 14A, C, E); pedipalp patella with three primary dorsal spines and four primary ventral spines (fig. 15); pedipalp tarsus with three dorsal spines (fig. 17B, D, F) and one ventral spine (fig. 17A, C, E); cushionlike female gonopods (fig. 20B; Weygoldt, 1999: 106, fig. 1).

Etymology: The new genus is named after the Wayuu word “Joróttui” which means “place where perennial clarity reigns.” The Wayuu people, original inhabitants of the area in which the new taxon occurs, believe Joróttui is a large cave inside the earth that represents the luminous dome of the sky. The name is a noun in apposition and is masculine in gender.

 Jorottui ipuanai, sp. nov.

Etymology: This new species is named after Ramón Paz Ipuana (1937–1992), a Venezuelan Wayuu educator, researcher, linguist, poet and writer, who devoted his life to studying Wayuu culture and promoting the rights and traditions of Wayuu people.



Jairo A. Moreno-González, Miguel Gutierrez-Estrada and Lorenzo Prendini. 2023. Systematic Revision of the Whip Spider Family Paracharontidae (Arachnida: Amblypygi) with Description of A New Troglobitic Genus and Species from Colombia. American Museum Novitates. (4000), 1-36. DOI: 10.1206/4000.1  


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Tuesday, March 28, 2023

[Arachnida • 2022] Weygoldtia condao • A New Species of the Whip Spider Genus Weygoldtia (Amblypygi: Charinidae) from Con Dao National Park, Vietnam


Weygoldtia condao 
 Anh & Hong Luong, 2022


ABSTRACT
A new species of the monotypic genus Weygoldtia Miranda, Giupponi, Prendini & Scharff, 2018 was described from Con Son island, southern Vietnam, namely Weygoldtia condao sp. nov. The new species is clearly distinguished from its congener Weygoldtia davidovi (Fage, 1946) by having more articles in the tibia and tarsus of leg I. A fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is also provided for the new species. The K2P genetic distance of the COI between the new species and W. davidovi is 20%, and phylogenetic analysis also supported the new species.

Keywords: Soil biodiversity, taxonomy, COI, DNA barcode, new species, Vietnam


Weygoldtia condao sp. nov. from Con Dao National Park. Habitus.

Weygoldtia condao sp. nov. 


Nguyen Thi Thu Anh and Phung Thi Hong Luong. 2022. A New Species of the Whip Spider Genus Weygoldtia (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae) from Con Dao National Park, Vietnam. Academia Journal of Biology. 44(3); 67–76. DOI: 10.15625/2615-9023/16953 vjs.ac.vn/index.php/VJBio/article/view/16953

  

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Thursday, March 10, 2022

[Arachnida • 2020] Paraphrynus pseudomexicanus • Cryptic Diversity in the Whip Spider Genus Paraphrynus (Amblypygi: Phrynidae): Integrating Morphology, Karyotype and DNA


 Paraphrynus Moreno, 1940, habitus in life and type locality of the new species.
A, B, E, F: Paraphrynus pseudomexicanus sp. n., 
female, habitus (A, B) and type locality, Cerro de los Túneles, Morelos, Mexico (E, F).
C: Paraphrynus mexicanus (Bilimek, 1867), male. 
 D: Paraphrynus carolynae Armas, 2012, male. 

Seiter, Reyes Lerma, Král, Sember, ... et Prendini, 2020. 

 The whip spider (Amblypygi) genus Paraphrynus Moreno, 1940 is distributed from the southern U.S.A. to the Greater Antilles and northern South America. Mexico is the diversity hotspot of the genus where many morphologically similar species occur, often in close geographical proximity. The present contribution aimed to resolve the diversity and phylogenetic relationships within the aztecus group of species, which includes the type species, Paraphrynus mexicanus (Bilimek, 1867), resulting in the description of a new species from Mexico, Paraphrynus pseudomexicanus sp. n. This is the first study to integrate morphology, karyotype, and DNA for species delimitation in whip spiders. Karyotype data have not been previously used for the taxonomy of these arachnids. Sequence analysis included seven species of the aztecus group, two other species of Paraphrynus, and an outgroup species of the putative sister genus, Phrynus Lamarck, 1801. Two nuclear genes (18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) and three mitochondrial genes (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, and Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I) were analyzed phylogenetically. Hypotheses of karyotype evolution of Paraphrynus are consistent with conclusions based on the morphological and molecular data. The ancestral karyotype of the aztecus group probably consisted of a relatively low number of biarmed chromosomes. Diploid numbers decreased by cycles consisting of inversion and consequent centric fusion during the evolution of the clade comprising P. mexicanus and P. pseudomexicanus.

Keywords: Arachnida, centric fusion, chromosome, evolution, inversion, molecular systematics, phylogeny, new species, taxonomy.

 Paraphrynus Moreno, 1940, habitus in life and type locality of the new species.
A, B, E, F: Paraphrynus pseudomexicanus sp. n., female, habitus (A, B) and type locality, Cerro de los Túneles, Morelos, Mexico (E, F).
C: Paraphrynus mexicanus (Bilimek, 1867), male, Juxtlahuaca Cave, Guerrero, Mexico.
 D: Paraphrynus carolynae Armas, 2012, male, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A.

  Genus Paraphrynus Moreno, 1940 

Paraphrynus pseudomexicanus sp. n.

Etymology. The new species name is a combination of the prefx pseudo-, meaning similar, and the word mexicanus, referring to the morphologically most similar species, P. mexicanus.  


Michael Seiter, Azucena C. Reyes Lerma, Jiří Král, Alexandr Sember, Klára Divišová, José G. Palacios Vargas, Pío A. Colmenares, Stephanie F. Loria and Lorenzo Prendini. 2020. Cryptic Diversity in the Whip Spider Genus Paraphrynus (Amblypygi: Phrynidae): Integrating Morphology, Karyotype and DNA. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny. 78(2): 265-285. DOI: 10.26049/ASP78-2-2020-04

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Wednesday, March 2, 2022

[Arachnida • 2021] Weygoldtia hainanensis • A New Species of Whip Spider (Amblypygi: Charinidae) from Hainan, China


Weygoldtia hainanensis Zhu, Li & He, 

in Zhu, Wu, Liu, ... et He, 2021. 
 
Abstract
To date, only one species of whip spider has been recorded in China. Here, we describe a new species, Weygoldtia hainanensis sp. nov., from Hainan, China. The new species is morphologically similar to W. davidovi (Fage, 1946) and W. consonensis Miranda et al. 2021, but can be distinguished with a combination of the following characters: 26 segments in tibia I, 6-7 teeth on chelicerae, distitibia IV trichobothria sc and sf series each with 10-11 trichobothria. To validate our morphological inferences and support the erection of W. hainanensis sp. nov. as a new species, we sequenced the COI gene region for two individuals and performed molecular phylogenetic analyses. The inferred phylogenetic trees placed the new species within Weygoldtia and highlighted the evolutionary distinction between W. hainanensis sp. nov. and currently described whip spiders. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).

Keywords: Arachnida, taxonomy, biodiversity, karst, Island 

  Dorsal habitus of Weygoldtia hainanensis sp. nov. from Hainan, China.
A: Female; B: Male;
C: A female on the wall of a cliff; D: Immature; E: Female carrying hatching praenymphae.

Weygoldtia hainanensis Zhu, Li & He sp. nov.


 Xiao-Yu Zhu, Shi-Yang Wu, Yi-Jiao Liu, Chris R. Reardon, Cristian Román-Palacios, Zheng Li and Zhu-Qing He. 2021. A New Species of Whip Spider, Weygoldtia hainanensis sp. nov., from Hainan, China (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae). Zootaxa. 5082(1); 65-76. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5082.1.6

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Sunday, March 10, 2019

[Arachnida • 2019] Sarax timorensis • Amblypygids of Timor-Leste: First Records of the Order from the Country with the Description of A Remarkable New Species of Sarax (Amblypygi, Charinidae)


Sarax timorensis 
 Miranda & Reboleira, 2019


Abstract
The whip spider genus Sarax Simon, 1892 is widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia and part of the Indo-Malayan region. The genus is recorded from several Indonesian islands, but no species are known from inside the area that comprises the biogeographical region of Wallacea, despite being recorded from both sides of the area. An expedition to survey the biology of caves in Timor-Leste (formerly East-Timor) discovered populations of amblypygids living underground and including a remarkable new species of Sarax, S. timorensis sp. n., the first Amblypygi known from the island of Timor. The new species is here described bears the unique character state of two pairs of lateral eyes, instead of three or none as in all other living species of Amblypygi, and expands the biogeographic range of the genus. New records of amblypygids are given for two caves in Timor-Leste. A detailed description and a discussion of its distribution and the species characters are also provided.

Keywords: cave, tailless whip scorpions, troglobiont, Wallacea


Figure 1. Details of Sarax timorensis sp. n. A Dorsal habitus B Frontal process and eyes C Sternum D Dorsal view of pedipalp E Ventral view of pedipalp. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Taxonomy

Charinidae Quintero, 1986
Sarax Simon, 1892
Sarax timorensis sp. n.

Type material: Holotype: Timor-Leste: Lautém district, Puropoko Cave, 8.543832N 127.066215E, 6–12.ix.2016, A.S.P.S. Reboleira leg. (male, NHMD). Female unknown.

Diagnosis: Sarax timorensis sp. n. can be recognized by the large size (body total length 12.82 mm), presence of only two pairs of lateral eyes, eight frontal setae, cheliceral claw with six teeth, two spines on dorsal pedipalp tarsus, male gonopod with sclerotization on the base of fistula, dorsal lobe and lateral lobe II, basitibia IV with four pseudoarticles and distitibia IV with six trichobothria on the frontal and caudal series. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the presence of only two pairs of lateral eyes, a unique character state known only from a few fossil species (Kronocharon longicalcaris Wunderlich, 2015 and Paracharonopsis cambayensis Engel & Grimaldi, 2014). Sarax timorensis sp. n. differs from the fossil species by the size (new species much larger) and the number of spines on the pedipalp. Female unknown.

Figure 2. Details of carapace and pedipalp of Sarax timorensis sp. n. A Dorsal view of carapace B Detail of the left pair of eyes C Detail of the right pair of eyes D Detail of the spines on right dorsal tarsus E Details of spines on left dorsal tarsus. Scale bar: 1 mm (A, D, E); 0.5mm (B, C).

Habitat: The new species was found in a cave on the border of the Ira Lalaro Lake, a huge closed karst depression in the Eastern part of the Timor Island (Freire et al. 2017; O’Connor et al. 2017). The atmospheric temperature in the cave is 32 °C. The cave has a stream with a high density of leeches in its substrate and harbors a large colony of Chiroptera. Some snakes were also observed hunting the bats in its narrow galleries. The high content in bat guano gives rise to high densities of cockroaches which are very active along the cave.




 Gustavo Silva de Miranda and Ana Sofia P. S. Reboleira. 2019. Amblypygids of Timor-Leste: First Records of the Order from the Country with the Description of A Remarkable New Species of Sarax (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae). ZooKeys. 820: 1-12. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.820.30139

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Friday, May 25, 2018

[Arachnida • 2018] Charinus kakum • A New Species of Charinus (Amblypygi: Charinidae) from Ghana, with Notes on West African Whip Spiders


Charinus kakum  Harms, 2018


Abstract
The fauna of whip spiders (Amblypygi) in Western Africa is poorly known but probably diverse. Here, I describe the new species Charinus kakum sp. n. based on female morphology, and accompanied by DNA sequence data. The species is small and differs from other African species of Charinus in the low number of pseudosegments on leg IV, female genital features, spination patterns of the pedipalp, and small body size. It was collected from wet tropical rainforest in Kakum National Park, Ghana and is only the fourth species of Charinus to be recorded from the highly diverse Western African biodiversity hotspot. With a total body length of not even 6 mm it is also one of the smallest whip spiders in the world.

Key Words: Amblypygid, Arachnida, Kakum National Park, new species, taxonomy



Figure 2. Female holotype of Charinus kakum sp. n.: A, habitus dorsal; B, genital operculum in ventral view. Arrow indicates the position of the ventral sac covers; C, opisthosoma in dorsal view; D, eggs carried by the female (removed from the genital operculum for imaging).

 Figure 3. Female holotype of Charinus kakum sp. n.: A, details of habitus in dorsal view; B, details of habitus in ventral view; C, carapace in dorsal view; D, prosomal sternites in ventral view.

Charinidae Quintero, 1986
Charinus Simon, 1892

Type species: Phrynus australianus L. Koch, 1867, by original designation.

Taxonomic remarks: Weygoldt (2000a) defined Charinus based on the armature of the pedipalp: with three large dorsal spines on the tibia of which the first one is the largest and the others decrease proximally in length; spine 1 sometimes followed distally by one to three spinelets, pedipalp basitarsus with two spines of which the distal spine is largest. Charinus also differs from the closely related Sarax in lacking ventral sac covers (Rahmadi and Kojima 2010). The genus currently includes more than 70 species (Vasconcelos and Ferreira 2017) but is in need of revision (Weygoldt 2000a, b). Nonetheless, the new species aligns well with the current genus diagnosis and is placed here until such revision has been carried out.


Charinus kakum sp. n.

Diagnosis: Charinus kakum sp. n. differs from the cave-inhabiting species C. milloti Fage, 1939 and C. fagei Weygoldt, 1972 in low number of tibial segments on leg IV (5 in C. millotei and C. fagei vs. 3 in C. kakum), trichobothria patterns of leg IV (compare with Weygoldt 1972, 2000a), small body size (prosoma length 2.6 in C. kakum), and shorter legs; from the island species C. africanus Hansen 1921 through the female genital operculum which has a steep ventral flexure at about two third of its length in C. africanus (Weygoldt 1972; Miranda et al. 2016b) but is uniform in C. kakum, and body size (ca. 8.0–8.5 mm in C. africanus and 5.8 in C. kakum; Hansen 1921).

....

Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Kakum National Park in Ghana.

Distribution: Only known from the type locality by a single female individual. The wider distribution remains unknown and unfortunately no other specimens could be collected, despite targeted searches in the vicinity of the type locality.


 Danilo Harms. 2018. A New Species of Charinus (Amblypygi: Charinidae) from Ghana, with Notes on West African Whip Spiders.  Evolutionary Systematics. 2: 45-53.  DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.2.24505

  

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