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Showing posts with label CU. Show all posts

Sunday, December 22, 2024

[Diplopoda • 2018] Nagaxytes acantherpestes, N. erecta, N. gracilis & N. spatula • The New Genus Nagaxytes gen. nov. (Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae), with the Description of Three New Species [A Revision of Dragon Millipedes II]


 Nagaxytes gracilis Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 
 N. erecta Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 

in Srisonchai, Enghoff, Likhitrakarn et Panha, 2018. 

Abstract
The ‘acantherpestes’ group of dragon millipedes, formerly placed in the genus Desmoxytes Chamberlin, 1923, is revised and assigned to the new genus Nagaxytes Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. nov. Desmoxytes acantherpestes Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994 is the type species of the new genus and is redescribed as N. acantherpestes (Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. Three new species are described from Thailand: N. erecta Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. et sp. nov. and N. gracilis Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. et sp. nov. from Kanchanaburi Province, and N. spatula Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. et sp. nov. from Tak Province. All new species are endemic to western Thailand and all are restricted to limestone habitats. Complete illustrations of external morphological characters, an identification key, and a distribution map are provided.

Keywords: endemic; dragon millipede; new species; taxonomy; Thailand

Taxonomy
Class Diplopoda Blainville-Gervais, 1844
Order Polydesmida Pocock, 1887
Suborder Strongylosomatidea Brölemann, 1916

Family Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889
Subfamily Paradoxosomatinae Daday, 1889
Tribe Orthomorphini Brölemann, 1916

 General body characters of Nagaxytes Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. nov.
 N. acantherpestes (Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994) gen. et comb. nov., ♂, holotype, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Hua Hin District (ZMUC 000101457).
A. Entire body. B. Anterior body part. C. Body rings 5–8, showing sternal lobe between coxae 4 and gonopods on ring 7. D. Head and antennae.

Genus Nagaxytes Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. nov.

Type species: Desmoxytes acantherpestes Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994

Diagnosis: 
The genus Nagaxytes gen. nov. is characterized by:
1. Paraterga subspiniform.
2. Metaterga with 2 rows of tubercles/cones/spines (lateral spines of posterior row very long).
3. Male femora 5 and 6 without modification.
4. Postfemoral part of gonopod conspicuous, demarcated from femur by a deep mesal sulcus and a
shallow/deep lateral sulcus.
5. Lamina lateralis obviously separated from lamina medialis.
6. Lamina medialis long and curved, apically fringed/hooked.

Etymology: ‘Naga’ is a Sanskrit and Pali word, relating to a category of snake-like spirits in Buddhist and Hindu mythology, and refers to the snake-like shape of the lamina medialis of the gonopod; ‘-xytes’ ensures harmony with Desmoxytes (and its synonym Pteroxytes Jeekel, 1980).

Included species (4): 
- N. acantherpestes (Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994) gen. et comb. nov.
- N. erecta Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. et sp. nov.
- N. gracilis Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. et sp. nov.
- N. spatula Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. et sp. nov.

Remarks: Srisonchai et al. (2018) proposed to subdivide Desmoxytes sensu Golovatch & Enghoff (1994) into five genera. The ‘acantherpestes’ group (= Nagaxytes) is well-defined by several distinct morphological characters (see diagnosis), especially the distinctive subspiniform paraterga and the very long lamina medialis of the gonopods. Even though the subspiniform paraterga are relatively similar to those of the ‘gigas’ group, the gonopod details are very different.

Distribution and habitat: This genus is known only from the western part of Thailand: Prachuap Khiri Khan Province (Hua Hin and Kui Buri Districts), Kanchanaburi Province (Sai Yok and Thong Pha Phum Districts) and Tak Province (Mae Sot and Umphang Districts) (Fig. 27). All four species seem to be local endemics, highly restricted to limestone habitats, and all have narrow distribution ranges. The specimens were usually found on humid rocks, rock walls, leaf litter or surface roots of trees. Some species can be found syntopically in the same habitat with other dragon millipede species.


Nagaxytes acantherpestes (Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. 
 
Diagnosis: Metaterga 4–19 with one row of 2+2 posterior spines (anterior row absent). Similar in this respect to N. gracilis gen. et sp. nov. but differs from this species by having paraterga shorter; degree of elevation of paraterga lower; sternal lobe between male coxae 4 subtrapeziform; lamina lateralis swollen, stout, short.

Live photographs and habitat of Nagaxytes erecta Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. et sp. nov.
A. Specimen from Ban Nong Bang, Thailand (♀). B. Mating couple. C. ♂ with parasitic mites. D. Habitat.

Nagaxytes erecta Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. et sp. nov. 

Etymology The name is a Latin adjective and refers to the erect lamina lateralis of the gonopod telopodite. 


 Nagaxytes gracilis Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. et sp. nov., ♂, paratype (CUMZpxDGT00095).
Watercolour by R. Srisonchai and P. Kriatpraprai.

Nagaxytes gracilis Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. et sp. nov. 
 
Etymology The name is a Latin adjective, referring to the slender lamina lateralis of the gonopod telopodite.

Distribution and habitat: Nagaxytes gracilis gen. et sp. nov. is known only from Sai Yok District, Kanchanaburi Province. All specimens were collected on humid rocks, superficial tree roots and litter in limestone habitats. It lives in the same habitat with D. purpurosea, D. golovatchi Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2018 and N. erecta gen. et sp. nov. (q.v.). The new species occurs in a narrow distribution area along the huge limestone range which is entirely contained within Sai Yok District. We thus consider this species to be endemic to Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.


Nagaxytes spatula Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha gen. et sp. nov.  

Etymology The name is a Latin noun in apposition, referring to the spatulate lobe on the lamina lateralis.

Distribution and habitat Known only from Tak Province. Almost all specimens were seen crawling on rocks, some on leaf litter in limestone habitats. Some juveniles were collected from the leaf litter (probably in moulting chambers). In the field, the specimens blended perfectly with brown rocks and leaf litter.


Ruttapon Srisonchai, Henrik Enghoff, Natdanai Likhitrakarn and Somsak Panha. 2018. A Revision of Dragon Millipedes II: The New Genus Nagaxytes gen. nov., with the Description of Three New Species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae).  European Journal of Taxonomy. 462; 1–44. DOI:  10.5852/ejt.2018.462
  facebook.com/Likhitrakarn/posts/10218372042919451

   

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[Diplopoda • 2018] Desmoxytes aurata, D. corythosaurus, D. octoconigera, ... • A Revision of Dragon Millipedes I: Genus Desmoxytes Chamberlin, 1923 (Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae), with the Description of Eight New Species


Desmoxytes aurata Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,  
D. corythosaurus Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,
D. euros Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,  

in Srisonchai, Enghoff, Likhitrakarn et Panham 2018. 

Abstract
The dragon millipede genus Desmoxytes s.l. is split into five genera, based on morphological characters and preliminary molecular phylogenetic analyses. The present article includes a review of Desmoxytes s.s., while future articles will deal with Hylomus Cook and Loomis, 1924 and three new genera which preliminarily are referred to as the ‘acantherpestes’, ‘gigas’, and ‘spiny’ groups. Diagnostic morphological characters of each group are discussed. Hylomus is resurrected as a valid genus and the following 33 species are assigned to it: H. asper (Attems, 1937), comb. n., H. cattienensis (Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005), comb. n., H. cervarius (Attems, 1953), comb. n., H. cornutus (Zhang & Li, 1982), comb. n., H. draco Cook & Loomis, 1924, stat. rev., H. enghoffi (Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005), comb. n., H. eupterygotus (Golovatch, Li, Liu & Geoffroy, 2012), comb. n., H. getuhensis (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014), comb. n., H. grandis (Golovatch, VandenSpiegel & Semenyuk, 2016), comb. n., H. hostilis (Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994), comb. n., H. jeekeli (Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994), comb. n., H. lingulatus (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014), comb. n., H. laticollis (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016), comb. n., H. longispinus (Loksa, 1960), comb. n., H. lui (Golovatch, Li, Liu & Geoffroy, 2012), comb. n., H. minutuberculus (Zhang, 1986), comb. n., H. nodulosus (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014), comb. n., H. parvulus (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014), comb. n., H. phasmoides (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016), comb. n., H. pilosus (Attems, 1937), comb. n., H. proximus (Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005), comb. n., H. rhinoceros (Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2015), comb. n., H. rhinoparvus (Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2015), comb. n., H. scolopendroides (Golovatch, Geoffroy & Mauriès, 2010), comb. n., H. scutigeroides (Golovatch, Geoffroy & Mauriès, 2010), comb. n., H. similis (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016), comb. n., H. simplex (Golovatch, VandenSpiegel & Semenyuk, 2016), comb. n., H. simplipodus (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016), comb. n., H. specialis (Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005), comb. n., H. spectabilis (Attems, 1937), comb. n., H. spinitergus (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016), comb. n., H. spinissimus (Golovatch, Li, Liu & Geoffroy, 2012), comb. n. and H. variabilis (Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016), comb. n. Desmoxytes s.s. includes the following species: D. breviverpa Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016; D. cervina (Pocock,1895); D. delfae (Jeekel, 1964); D. des Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016; D. pinnasquali Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016; D. planata (Pocock, 1895); D. purpurosea Enghoff, Sutcharit & Panha, 2007; D. takensis Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016; D. taurina (Pocock, 1895); D. terae (Jeekel, 1964), all of which are re-described based mainly on type material. Two new synonyms are proposed: Desmoxytes pterygota Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994, syn. n. (= Desmoxytes cervina (Pocock, 1895)), Desmoxytes rubra Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994, syn. n. (= Desmoxytes delfae (Jeekel, 1964)). Six new species are described from Thailand: D. aurata Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, sp. n., D. corythosaurus Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, sp. n., D. euros Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, sp. n., D. flabella Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, sp. n., D. golovatchi Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, sp. n., D. octoconigera Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, sp. n., as well as one from Malaysia: D. perakensis Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, sp. n., and one from Myanmar: D. waepyanensis Srisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, sp. n. The species can mostly be easily distinguished by gonopod structure in combination with other external characters; some cases of particularly similar congeners are discussed. All species of Desmoxytes s.s. seem to be endemic to continental Southeast Asia (except the ‘tramp’ species D. planata). Some biological observations (relationship with mites, moulting) are recorded for the first time. Complete illustrations of external morphological characters, an identification key, and distribution maps of all species are provided.

Keywords: aposematic, dragon millipede, new species, Southeast Asia, taxonomy

Photographs of live Desmoxytes aurata sp. n. and habitat.
A, B male paratype C female paratype D mating couple E habitat.

Photographs of live Desmoxytes corythosaurus sp. n. and habitat
A, B male paratypes C female paratype D juvenile E habitat.

Photographs of live Desmoxytes euros sp. n. and habitat.
A, B male paratypes C female paratype D juvenile E egg cluster F cluster of stadium 1 juveniles G habitat.


 Ruttapon Srisonchai, Henrik Enghoff, Natdanai Likhitrakarn and Somsak Panha. 2018. A Revision of Dragon Millipedes I: Genus Desmoxytes Chamberlin, 1923, with the Description of Eight New Species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). ZooKeys. 761: 1-177. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.761.24214 

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Friday, October 18, 2024

[Herpetology • 2024] Tylototriton soimalai • A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton (Urodela: Salamandridae) from Tak Province, northwestern Thailand


 Tylototriton soimalai  
Pomchote, Peerachidacho, Khonsue, Sapewisut, Hernandez, Phalaraksh, Siriput & Nishikawa, 2024 

กะท่างน้ำดอยสอยมาลัย  || DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1215.116624 

Abstract
A new species of the crocodile newt genus Tylototriton from Doi Soi Malai located at Mae Tuen Wildlife Sanctuary, Tak Province, northwestern Thailand is described based on molecular and morphological evidence, and named as Tylototriton soimalai sp. nov. The new species is the seventh recorded species of the genus Tylototriton reported in Thailand. It differs morphologically from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characteristics: head longer than wide; snout blunt or truncate; sagittal ridge on head narrow, short and distinct; dorsolateral bony ridges on head pronounced and rough; parotoids distinct; vertebral ridge prominent, wide and not segmented; 14–16 distinct, rounded and isolated rib nodules but posterior nodules connected; tips of fore- and hind limbs overlapping when adpressed along the body. The body background color is black, while the color markings are orange. Molecular analysis indicated that Tylototriton soimalai sp. nov. is a distinct lineage and sister to T. uyenoi with a 4.1% genetic sequence divergence based on the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene. The new species is currently restricted to the hill evergreen forests of Doi Soi Malai. The implementation of a strategic plan is recommended to protect both the species and its habitat from anthropogenic activities.

Key words: Conservation, crocodile newt, morphology, phylogeny, Tylototriton soimalai sp. nov.


The male holotype of Tylototriton soimalai sp. nov. (CUMZ-A-8253) observed at the type locality.

The two larvae of  Tylototriton soimalai sp. nov. in life.

 Tylototriton soimalai sp. nov.
 (Thai name: Ka Tang Nam Doi Soi Malai - กะท่างน้ำดอยสอยมาลัย) 
(English name: Doi Soi Malai Crocodile Newt)

Diagnosis: Tylototriton soimalai sp. nov. is assigned to the genus Tylototriton by having a combination of dorsal granules present, dorsolateral bony ridges on head present, knob-like warts or rib nodules on dorsolateral body present, and quadrate spine absent. Tylototriton soimalai sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) medium-sized, adult SVL 66.3–66.5 mm in males; (2) skin rough with fine granules; (3) head longer than wide; (4) snout blunt or truncate in dorsal view, and extending beyond the lower jaw in lateral view; (5) sagittal ridge on head narrow, short, and distinct; (6) dorsolateral bony ridges on head pronounced, with rough surface, posterior ends weakly or hardly ...

Etymology: The specific epithet soimalai refers to Doi Soi Malai, Mae Tuen Wildlife Sanctuary, the type locality of the new species; it is a noun in apposition, thus invariable.

Current distribution of the genus Tylototriton in Thailand.
Tylototriton verrucosus (pale blue); T. anguliceps (green); 
T. uyenoi (red); T. cf. uyenoi (red outlined with dark red); 
T. soimalai sp. nov. (tan); T. phukhaensis (black); and T. panhai (dark blue).
NP = National Park and WS = Wildlife Sanctuary.
 The map is modified from https://www.mitrearth.org.
  

 Porrawee Pomchote, Parada Peerachidacho, Wichase Khonsue, Pitak Sapewisut, Axel Hernandez, Chitchol Phalaraksh, Parunchai Siriput and Kanto Nishikawa. 2024. The Seventh Species of the Newt Genus Tylototriton in Thailand: A New Species (Urodela, Salamandridae) from Tak Province, northwestern Thailand.  ZooKeys. 1215: 185-208. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1215.116624  
  facebook.com/BioChula/posts/1054929276422794


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Sunday, October 6, 2024

[Mollusca • 2024] Lannanaia gen. nov. & Isannaia gen. nov. • Two New Genera and Three New Species of exceptionally rare and endemic Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from the Mekong Basin


Lannanaia kokensis 
Isannaia fortunata and I. occultata

Jeratthitikul, Sutcharit & Prasankok, 2024

Abstract
Two new genera and three new species of freshwater mussels in the tribe Pseudodontini (Bivalvia, Unionidae) are described from the Mekong Basin in Thailand based on an integrative taxonomic study involving morphology and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (mitochondrial COI and 16S, and nuclear 28S genes). The monotypic genus, Lannanaia kokensis gen. et sp. nov., presents unique features of being rather compressed, sub-trigonal in outline with short and high shell, and with a distinct posterior wing. Another new genus, Isannaia gen. nov., is characterized by having a thin and moderately inflated shell, with rhomboidal to ovate outline. It includes two lineages that are genetically separated by 3.54% uncorrected COI p-distance, and are herein described as I. fortunata sp. nov. and I. occultata sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses further revealed that these two new genera were nested within a clade of subtribe Pseudodontina, and with pairwise uncorrected COI p-distance to other genera ranging from 11.42 to 15.66%. Based on the present data, Lannanaia gen. nov. is known only from the Kok River in the north of Thailand, whereas the two species of Isannaia gen. nov. are restricted to tributaries of the Mekong River in the northeast of Thailand. The discovery of rare and probably endemic freshwater mussels in the Mekong Basin thus again highlights the importance of this region among freshwater biodiversity hotspots of the world.

Key Words: Freshwater mussels, Indochina, Mekong Basin, multi-locus phylogeny, new taxa, Thailand



 Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Chirasak Sutcharit, Pongpun Prasankok. 2024. Two New Genera and Three New Species of exceptionally rare and endemic Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia, Unionidae) from the Mekong Basin. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 100(4): 1333-1345. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.130929
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Thursday, September 26, 2024

[Diplopoda • 2024] Zephronia chantaburiensis & Z. macula • Integrative Taxonomy reveals Two New Giant Pill-millipedes of the Genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 (Sphaerotheriida: Zephroniidae) from eastern Thailand

 
Zephronia macula Srisonchai & Wesener,

in Srisonchai, Likhitrakarn, Sutcharit et Wesener, 2024.
กิ้งกือกระสุนลายด่าง  ||  DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1212.126536

Abstract
A large amount of material of the millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 was collected during 2014–2023 from many parts of eastern Thailand. An integrative study of morphological characters and genetic data (COI gene) revealed two new species: Z. chantaburiensis Srisonchai & Wesener, sp. nov. and Z. macula Srisonchai & Wesener, sp. nov. The two new species clearly differ from other congeners by their unique characteristics, especially in their colour pattern and telopod shape. The interspecific genetic distances of the 658 bp COI gene barcoding fragment between these new species and all other species of giant pill-millipede from Thailand, Laos and Cambodia are 12.01–23.49% for Z. chantaburiensis sp. nov. and 17.93–25.13% for Z. macula sp. nov. While relationships among species remain preliminary, the phylogenetic tree shows that species of Zephronia are interspersed with species of Sphaerobelum Verhoeff, 1924 and Prionobelum Verhoeff, 1924. Phylogenetic analyses place both new species in a clade termed Zephronia s.s., which receives support also from morphological data, showing a unique position of the organ of Tömösváry. Z. macula sp. nov. appears to occur over a broad distribution whereas Z. chantaburiensis sp. nov. was found only at the type locality. Given that all known records are in the eastern part of Thailand, we thus regard both species as endemic. Morphological illustrations based on SEM micrographs and a distribution map are also provided.

Key words: Biodiversity, limestone, Myriapoda, Southeast Asia, taxonomy

Photograph of live specimens of Zephronia chantaburiensis sp. nov. and habitats
A–F paratypes (CUMZ-MYR0014) G coexisting species (Z. macula sp. nov.) H granite habitat at the type locality.
Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

 Zephronia chantaburiensis Srisonchai & Wesener, sp. nov.
  กิ้งกือกระสุนจันทบุรี ค้นพบที่วัดเขาสุกิม จ.จันทบุรี

Diagnosis: The position of the organ of Tömösváry at the brim and not inside the antennal groove (Fig. 3B) identifies this species as a member of the Zephronia s.s. species group (see Semenyuk et al. 2018), with which it also aligns genetically (Fig. 1). This small brown species (body length ca 20 mm) with short golden hair (Fig. 2A–F) differs from all other Zephronia s.s. species, except for Z. macula sp. nov. found in direct sympatry, described below, in the presence of only a single apical spine on the tarsus of legs 4–21 (2 or 3 in the other species). Midbody endotergum with one row of marginal bristles with longest bristles reaching up to posterior margin, immovable finger (process) of telopoditomere 2 on anterior telopod relatively long and slender. Similar in these respects only to Z. macula sp. nov. but differs from the latter species by the tergite coloration lacking dark or greenish-dark colour spots, the operculum of the female being more slender, the femur of the walking legs being slightly wider than long (slightly longer than wide in Z. macula sp. nov.), and the female subanal plate having a strongly concave margin. Genetically distant from other species by 18.94–26.82% p-distance in the COI barcoding fragment.

Etymology: The name is an adjective referring to the province (Chantaburi) where the type locality is located.


Photograph of live specimens of Zephronia macula sp. nov. and habitats
A–G paratypes (CUMZ-MYR00016) H habitat at Thaeo Khlong Khlung monastery (granitic rocks) I habitat at Phet Pho Thong cave (limestone).
 Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

 Zephronia macula Srisonchai & Wesener, sp. nov.
 กิ้งกือกระสุนลายด่าง 
พบได้ในหลายพื้นที่ในภาคตะวันออกของประเทศไทย

Diagnosis: The position of the organ of Tömösváry in this small Zephronia with an axe-shaped antennomere 6 identifies Z. macula sp. nov. as a member of the Zephronia s.s. species-group (Semenyuk et al. 2018). Z. macula sp. nov. differs from all other known species of the group except for the syntopic Z. chantaburiensis sp. nov., in the presence of only a single apical spine on the tarsi of legs 4–21 (at least 2 or 3 in the other Zephronia). Z. macula sp. nov. differs from Z. chantaburiensis sp. nov. by having a combination of distinct characters, viz. tergite with dark or greenish dark spots, femur of walking legs less strongly widened, slightly longer than wide (wider than long in Z. chantaburiensis sp. nov.), bristles of midbody endotergum reaching to posterior margin, operculum of female vulva not protruding and round, and immovable finger (process) of telopoditomere 2 of the anterior telopod more curved and much longer. Genetically distant from others by a p-distance of the COI barcoding fragment of 17.93–25.13%.

Etymology: The name is a noun referring to the pattern of spots on the body.


Ruttapon Srisonchai, Natdanai Likhitrakarn, Chirasak Sutcharit and Thomas Wesener. 2024. Integrative Taxonomy reveals Two New Giant Pill-millipedes of the Genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from eastern Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). ZooKeys. 1212: 29-64. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1212.126536
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Monday, September 23, 2024

[Mollusca • 2024] Cenonovaculina siamensis • Molecular phylogeny reveals Cenonovaculina gen. nov. (Adapedonta: Pharidae), A New freshwater razor clam Genus from Indochina


Cenonovaculina gen. nov. 
Cenonovaculina siamensis (Morlet, 1889), from Bang Pakong River, Prachin Buri, Thailand

in Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit, 2024. 
หอยเสียบน้ำจืดสยาม  ||  DOI: 10.1071/IS24024 
photos: Kongkit Macharoenboon

Abstract  
The razor clam genus Novaculina is a secondary marine-derived freshwater taxa within the otherwise exclusively marine family Pharidae. Novaculina currently comprises four valid species that are distributed allopatrically across several drainages in Asia. We employed an integrated approach, combining morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses to elucidate the taxonomic placement of members within this genus. The multi-locus phylogenetic trees based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA gene sequences demonstrate that Novaculina is polyphyletic. Specimens identified as N. siamensis form a distinct clade that is not sister group to other currently recognised congeners. Furthermore, morphological examination reveals distinct characteristics in ‘N. siamensis’, namely a fused, fringed siphon, in contrast to the separated, smooth siphons observed in other species. Based on these findings, we propose the establishment of a new genus, Cenonovaculina gen. nov., to accommodate ‘N. siamensis’. The new genus is distinguished from other genera in having a short shell, deep pallial sinus, elongate, oval to bean-shaped anterior adductor scar and long fused siphons surrounded by conical tentacles.

Keywords: freshwater razor clams, Indochina, marine-derived freshwater taxa, multi-locus phylogeny, new taxa, Pharidae, siphon anatomy, Thailand.





 
Ekgachai Jeratthitikul and Chirasak Sutcharit. 2024. Molecular phylogeny reveals Cenonovaculina gen. nov. (Adapedonta: Pharidae), A New freshwater razor clam Genus from Indochina. Invertebrate Systematics 38, IS24024. DOI: 10.1071/IS24024
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The taxonomic status of the freshwater razor clam Novaculina siamensis Morlet, 1889 is determined using molecular and morphological analyses. Phylogenetic analyses placed the species separately from other currently recognised Novaculina species. Additionally, N. siamensis also possesses distinct morphological characteristics including fused, fringed siphons instead of separated, smooth siphons, as found in the type species of Novaculina s.s. Therefore Cenonovaculina gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate ‘N. siamensis’. 

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Friday, August 16, 2024

[Mollusca • 2024] Janbinmorpha gen. nov. • Reassessment and Phylogenetic Position of the overlooked limacoid Land Snail Trochomorpha sculpticarina Martens, 1883 (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae), with the Description of A New Genus

 

Janbinmorpha sculpticarina (Martens, 1883), comb. nov., 
 Janbinmorpha Pholyotha & Panha, gen. nov.

in Pholyotha, Sutcharit, Panha et Tongkerd, 2024. 
  DOI: 10.3897/zse.100.129455

Abstract
The Malay Peninsula has traditionally been considered to harbour a diverse land-snail fauna, both in terms of a high species richness and a wide variety of conchological traits, especially within the limacoid land snails. A recent survey along the Malay Peninsula of southern Thailand discovered an overlooked limacoid taxon “Trochomorpha” sculpticarina Martens, 1883, previously assigned to genus Trochomorpha of the Trochomorphidae. This genus is herein described as Janbinmorpha gen. nov. based on comparative studies of shell morphology, external features, genital anatomy and radular morphology, as well as analyses of partial sequences of two mitochondrial markers, COI and 16S rRNA, and of one nuclear marker, 28S rRNA. This new genus is characterised by a combination of distinct morphological and anatomical features. The most distinguishing features are a depressed trochiform shell with a keeled last whorl, gametolytic organ without a duct, gametolytic sac with two lobes, and proximal epiphallus encircled with a thick sheath and attached by the penial retractor muscle. In addition, an analysis of the differentiation in mitochondrial and nuclear markers confirmed that this new genus, first recognised by morphology, is also genetically distinct. The molecular data also confirm that J. sculpticarina comb. nov. is a member of the Ariophantidae and has a close evolutionary relationship to Hemiplecta and Maelamaodiscus.

Key Words: Helicarionoidea, land snails, Malay Peninsula, phylogeny, systematics, taxonomy


Taxonomy and systematics
Superfamily Helicarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877

Family Ariophantidae Godwin-Austen, 1883
Subfamily Ariophantinae Godwin-Austen, 1883

Shell of Janbinmorpha sculpticarina (Martens, 1883), comb. nov.
A. Syntype from Salanga [Phuket Province]: ZMB/Moll 58132; B. Syntypes from Salanga [Phuket Province]: ZMB/Moll 34164; C. Specimen from Salanga I., Malaysia [Phuket Island, Phuket Province, Thailand]: NHMUK 1888.3.27.4; D. Specimen from Phuket Province: CUMZ 15077; E. Specimen from Surat Thani Province: CUMZ 15153; F. Specimen from Phang-nga Province: CUMZ 15151 using for SEM imaging.

Janbinmorpha sculpticarina (Martens, 1883), comb. nov.
Map of the Malay Peninsula in southern Thailand and the southernmost tip of Myanmar showing the sampling sites. Localities where the living specimens were collected are indicated by numbers on map, not to scale.


 Janbinmorpha Pholyotha & Panha, gen. nov.
 
Type species: Trochomorpha sculpticarina Martens, 1883; here designated.

Diagnosis: Shell dextral, umbilicated, depressed, lenticular, ribbed, with keeled last whorl. Animal with three dorsal lobes; foot tripartite; caudal foss present; caudal horn very reduced. Genitalia having epiphallic caecum, flagellum and dart apparatus; proximal epiphallus encircled with thickened muscular epiphallic sheath; gametolytic organ without duct and gametolytic sac consisting of two bulbs. Radula with tricuspid central tooth; unicuspid or bicuspid lateral teeth; unicuspid marginal teeth.

Distribution: Currently known only from the Malay Peninsula.

Etymology: The name combines “Janbin” in reference to the shape of an unidentified flying object (UFO) in the Thai language, and similar to the shell shape of this new genus, and “morpha” in reference to the similarity of shell morphology between this new genus and the genus Trochomorpha.

 Janbinmorpha sculpticarina (Martens, 1883), comb. nov.


Representative living limacoid snails with a depressed trochiform shell from Thailand and the Malay Peninsula.
A. Janbinmorpha sculpticarina (Martens, 1883), comb. nov. in the Ariophantidae; B. Hemiplecta cymatium (Pfeiffer, 1856) in the Ariophantidae;
C. Holkeion anceps (Gould, 1843) in the Ariophantidae; D. Siamoconus geotrochoides Pholyotha, 2023 in the Euconulidae;
E. Trochomorpha sp.2 in the Trochomorphidae; F. Pseudoplecta bijuga (Stoliczka, 1873) in the Dyakiidae.


 Arthit Pholyotha, Chirasak Sutcharit, Somsak Panha and Piyoros Tongkerd. 2024. Reassessment and Phylogenetic Position of the overlooked limacoid Land Snail Trochomorpha sculpticarina Martens, 1883 (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae), with the Description of A New Genus. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 100(3): 1135-1154. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.129455

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Friday, June 28, 2024

[Mollusca • 2024] Durgella pentata & D. nulla • Unveiling the Diversity of the Semislug Gnus Durgella Blanford, 1863 (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae) from Thailand and Myanmar, with Description of Two New Species


Durgella pentata Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov.
Durgella nulla Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov.

in Pholyotha, Sutcharit, Lwin et Somsak, 2024.
 
Durgella is a terrestrial semislug genus in the family Helicarionidae and currently comprises nine species recorded from Thailand and Myanmar. Two species, D. concinna and D. rhaphiellus, have been described based only on shell information, while the taxonomy of the remaining seven species is comprehensively treated herein using comparative morphology. Revised species descriptions are given for D. levicula, D. erratica, D. siamensis, and D. libas; D. birmanica (previously placed in the Megaustenia) is moved to this genus; and two species, D. pentata Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov. and D. nulla Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., are described as new to science. Based on our findings, the combination of shell characters including shape, size, aperture, and umbilicus; the number of mantle extensions; and the genitalia, especially the penis, epiphallus, and dart apparatus, can be used to distinguish these nine species. Among these ninerecognised species, only D. nulla Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov. has no dart apparatus.

Key words: Comparative morphology, Durgellinae, Indochina, Land snail, Systematics, Taxonomic revision

 
TAXONOMY
Superfamily Helicarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877
Family Helicarionidae Bourguignat, 1877
Subfamily Durgellinae Godwin-Austen, 1888

Genus Durgella Blanford, 1863

Durgella birmanica (Pfeiffer, 1847)
Durgella levicula (Benson, 1859) 
Durgella erratica (Godwin-Austen, 1888) 
Durgella concinna Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908

Durgella rhaphiellus (Martens, 1867)
Durgella siamensis Möllendorff, 1902 
Durgella libas Solem, 1966 


Durgella pentata Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov.

Diagnosis: Shell depressedly subglobose, thin, polished, dark yellow with a creamy tinge, and aperture roundly lunate, broader than high; animal with five mantle extensions; genitalia with very short vagina, small epiphallic caecum, short gametolytic duct, and very large dart apparatus.

Etymology: The specific name “pentata” is from the Greek word meaning five, referring to the presence of five mantle extensions. 


Durgella nulla Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov.

Diagnosis: Shell depressedly subglobose, membranous, polished, dark yellowish with olive tinge; animal with two different colours: upper body dark brown or blackish and from lower body to foot margin creamy; four mantle extensions; genitalia with very large penis, short gametolytic duct, and without dart apparatus.

Etymology: The specific name “nulla” is from the Latin adjective meaning not any, none, nobody, or no, and refers to the absence of dart apparatus. 


Arthit Pholyotha, Chirasak Sutcharit, Ngwe Lwin and Panha Somsak. 2024. Unveiling the Diversity of the Semislug Gnus Durgella Blanford, 1863 (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae) from Thailand and Myanmar, with Description of Two New Species. Zool Stud. 63:14. DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-14.

หอยหางดิ้น สกุล 𝐷𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎 ชนิดใหม่ของโลก 2 ชนิดจากประเทศไทยและเมียนมาร์ คือ
1. 𝐷𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑎 Pholyotha & Panha, 2024 
หอยหางดิ้นเชียงดาว ค้นพบที่ อ.เชียงดาว จ.เชียงใหม่
2. 𝐷𝑢𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑎 Pholyotha & Panha, 2024 
หอยหางดิ้นอีสาน ค้นพบที่ จ.เลยและหนองบังลำภู

 
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Monday, June 10, 2024

[Mollusca • 2023] Gyliotrachela khmeriana • Notes on the hypselostomatid snails (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from limestone hills in Western Cambodia with a new record and a new species


Gyliotrachela khmeriana Sutcharit & Panha,

in Sutcharit, Ngor, Páll-Gergely, Jeratthitikul, Siriwut, Srisonchai, Ng, Jirapatrasilp et Panha, 2023. 
 
ABSTRACT
Thirteen hypselostomatid microsnails have been reported so far from Cambodia: 10 species from the Mekong Delta karsts in the south and three species from the Sisophon-Battambang limestone hills in the west. Herein, Gyliotrachela torticollis Benthem Jutting, 1962, the only species previously reported from the Battambang, is redescribed based on near-type locality specimens. We describe a new species, Gyliotrachela khmeriana sp. nov., from the Cambodian Sisophon-Battambang limestone hills. This new species differs from all other known hypselostomatid species in having a short and straight tuba, protoconch sculptures with shallow pits and spiral striations, and apertural dentition with parietal, angular, and four other lamellae on the palatal wall. In addition, specimens of ‘Anauchen srakeoensis Panha and Burch, 2004’, previously recorded only in Thailand, were collected from limestone hills in Sisophon, redescribed based on shell morphology and taxonomically relocated as a member of the Hypselostoma.
 
KEYWORDS: Micro, snails, Indochina, endemic, Mekong, pupillids


Gyliotrachela khmeriana sp. nov. 
 
 
Chirasak Sutcharit, Peng Bun Ngor, Barna Páll-Gergely, Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Warut Siriwut, Ruttapon Srisonchai, Ting Hui Ng, Parin Jirapatrasilp and Somsak Panha. 2023. Notes on the hypselostomatid snails (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from limestone hills in Western Cambodia with a new record and a new species. Journal of Natural History. 57(25-28); 1287-1303. DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2223386 

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Wednesday, May 22, 2024

[Mollusca • 2023] Hidden Lineages in the Mountains: The Genus Glyptaulax Gude, 1914 and Maelamaodiscus gen. nov. (Heterobranchia: Stylommatophora: Charopidae and Ariophantidae) with Description of Two New Species from Western Thailand

 

Maelamaodiscus somsakpanhai
Sutcharit & Pholyotha, 2023
 

Abstract
The Tenasserim Range runs from north to south and forms not only a natural border between Thailand and Myanmar, but also the backbone of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, which is rich in endemic species, especially of the malacofauna. Knowledge of land snail diversity in Thailand is continuously expanding and being refined, and various groups have been revised recently. From field surveys throughout the country, unique snails with delicate shell shape and sculpture hidden in mountainous areas have been discovered and described. Firstly, a new species of the Charopidae, Glyptaulax spectabilis sp. nov. has round tubercles arranged on spiral ridges. Second, Maelamaodiscus somsakpanhai gen. et sp. nov. of the Ariophantidae is described from the Moei River Basin. These new taxa differ from all Southeast Asian ariophantids by having a prominent radial ridge, peculiar aperture with wide sinulus, and an impression on the last whorl. This discovery of endemic taxa reflects the high biodiversity in this region, and suggests that many more land snail treasures are still waiting to be revealed.

Keywords: endemism, limestone, Pulmonata, systematics, Tenasserim Range
  


Maelamaodiscus somsakpanhai gen. et sp. nov.  



Chirasak Sutcharit and Arthit Pholyotha. 2023. Hidden Lineages in the Mountains: The Genus Glyptaulax Gude, 1914 and Maelamaodiscus gen. nov. (Heterobranchia: Stylommatophora: Charopidae and Ariophantidae) with Description of Two New Species from Western Thailand. Tropical Natural History. Supplement 7;123-138. 


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