Species New to Science

Faxonius roberti   Fetzner & Taylor, 2018  DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.4.2

Dorsal view of Faxonius roberti new species, holotype, male form-I (CMNH 38749) from the type locality.

Faxonius roberti, new species 

Etymology. It is our great pleasure to name this species in honor of Robert (Bob) J. DiStefano of the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC). Bob has worked tirelessly over his career to help understand and conserve the crayfish fauna of the Ozarks in general, and Missouri in particular, so it is fitting that this Ozarkian species be named in his honor. This new species should not be confused with “Orconectes bobi”, the ficticious species name assigned to Bob when he was wearing his full crayfish costume while conducting public outreach programs for the MDC.

 Crayfish associates. The following species were collected from habitats containing Faxonius roberti, new species: Faxonius ozarkae (Williams, 1952); Faxonius marchandi (Hobbs, 1948) and Cambarus hubbsi Creaser, 1931.

Common name. The suggested common or vernacular name for this species is the Spring River Crayfish, which is in reference to its affinity for the mainstem channels of the two spring-fed rivers where the species occurrs.
 

Faxonius wagneri, new species 

 Orconectes eupunctus.—Williams, 1952 [in part]. 

Orconectes (Crockerinus) eupunctus.—Fitzpatrick, 1987 [in part], Hobbs, 1989 [in part]. 

Etymology. This species is named in honor of Brian K. Wagner of the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. Brian initially collected specimens of this species and noted that they looked different from the typical F. eupunctus, which are found in the same streatch of the Eleven Point River. Brian has worked extensively with the crayfish fauna of Arkansas, and it is our pleasure to name this species after him.

Crayfish associates. Other crayfish found in association with Faxonius wagneri include F. eupunctus (Williams, 1952), F. ozarkae (Williams, 1952), F. punctimanus Creaser, 1933 and Cambarus hubbsi Creaser, 1931.

Common name. The suggested common or vernacular name for this species is the Eleven Point River Crayfish, in reference to the river where the species is found.


James W. Jr. Fetzner and Christopher A. Taylor. 2018. Two New Species of Freshwater Crayfish of the Genus Faxonius (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri. Zootaxa. 4399(4); 491–520. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.4.2

Abstract

While sampling for the Rusty Gravedigger, Lacunicambarus miltus, Taylor et al. (2011) found one or more potentially undescribed burrowing crayfish species in the genus Lacunicambarus inhabiting the area between the Pascagoula River and Mobile Bay in southern Alabama and Mississippi. Molecular analyses by Glon et al. (2018) confirmed that samples from this area were genetically distinct from other Lacunicambarus crayfishes. These findings prompted a dedicated sampling trip in January 2020. We used morphological and molecular analyses to investigate the specimens we collected and, based on our results, we describe two new crayfish species: the Lonesome Gravedigger, L. mobilensis sp. nov. and the Banded Mudbug, L. freudensteini sp. nov. Lacunicambarus mobilensis sp. nov. is sister to the Rusty Gravedigger, L. miltus, while L. freudensteini sp. nov. is sister to the Painted Devil Crayfish, L. ludovicianus. Both new species are currently known from a small number of sites in southern Alabama and Mississippi and may require conservation attention. In addition, we provide an updated key to Lacunicambarus crayfishes that includes these new species.

Keywords: Crustacea, miltus, ludovicianus, mobilensis, freudensteini, painted, devil, crayfish, rusty, lonesome, gravedigger, banded, mudbug, taxonomy, systematics

Lacunicambarus mobilensis sp. nov. 

Mael G. Glon, Susan B. Adams, Zachary J. Loughman, Greg A. Myers, Christopher A. Taylor and Guenter A. Schuster. 2020. Two New Species of Burrowing Crayfish in the Genus Lacunicambarus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from Alabama and Mississippi. Zootaxa. 4802(3); 401–439. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4802.3.1

Abstract 

The Jewel Mudbug, Lacunicambarus dalyae sp. nov., is a large, colorful primary burrowing crayfish found in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi and Tennessee. This species is most similar in appearance to the Paintedhand Mudbug, L. polychromatus, a species found across the Midwestern United States. The ranges of the two species overlap minimally, and they can be distinguished from each other based on several characters, the most notable of which is the much longer central projection of the gonopod in Form I and II males of L. dalyae sp. nov. relative to L. polychromatus. Like its congeners, L. dalyae sp. nov. is commonly found in burrows in the banks and floodplains of streams and is resilient to a moderate amount of anthropogenic habitat degradation, being occasionally collected from burrows in roadside ditches and urban lawns. 

Key words: polychromatus, diogenes, paintedhand mudbug, devil crayfish, jewel mudbug, taxonomy, systematics

Taxonomy: 

Family Cambaridae Hobbs 1942 

Genus Lacunicambarus (Hobbs, 1969) 

Lacunicambarus dalyae Glon, Williams and Loughman sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Eyes pigmented, not reduced. Rostrum narrow, moderately deflected, curving downward in lateral view, margins moderately thickened to acumen, lacking marginal spines or tubercles and median carina, shallowly excavated. Acumen distinctly delimited basally by 45° angles. Cephalothorax subcylindrical, laterally compressed, with 1–10 (mean: 6) adpressed tubercles lining posterior margin of cervical groove. Suborbital angle acute. Postorbital ridges developed, ending cephalically in small tubercle. Areola obliterated, constituting in adults 40–45% (mean: 42%) of entire length of cephalothorax. Antennal scale 2.7 to 3.6 (mean: 3.0 ) times as long as wide, broadest at mid-length, antennal spine strongly developed. Dorsomesial 1/4–1/3 surface of palm of chela studded with distinct to adpressed tubercles, mesial-most row consisting of 6–9 (mean: 8). Opposable margin of dactyl with concavity just proximal to midpoint. Ratio of dactyl length to palm length 1.6–2.0 (mean: 1.8). Dorsomesial longitudinal ridges of dactyl and propodus weakly developed. Dorsolateral impression at base of propodus weak. Ventral surface of chela with 0–7 (mean: 1) subpalmar tubercles. Mesial ramus of uropod with distomesial spine not reaching caudal margin. Gonopods of Form I males contiguous at base, with pronounced umbo near mid-length of caudal surface; terminal elements consisting of 1) long central projection lacking subapical notch, slightly tapered at mid-length, distally rounded, slightly shorter than mesial process, directed caudally at approximately 90o , overreaching margin of umbo by noticeable amount, 2) long mesial process with conical base, tapering slightly near mid-length, tipped with protruding finger, directed caudally at approximately 90o and overreaching margin of umbo by noticeable amount, 3) inconspicuous caudal knob protruding from caudolateral base of central projection. Hook on ischium of third pereiopod only. Female with annulus ventralis subcircular or subquadrangular, slightly wider than long, deeply embedded in sternum, with anterior half mildly pliable and posterior half sclerotized.

...

Type locality. We collected the holotype and allotype from the banks of Big Richland Creek, a tributary of the Tennessee River in Humphreys County, Tennessee. Most of the burrows at this site were within 1 meter of the stream channel and relatively shallow. These burrows were surrounded by dense ground vegetation and occasional young trees. The soil at this site was primarily clay mixed with a small amount of sand and pebbles. 

We collected the morphotype and paratypes from burrows in and above the floodplain of Hurricane Creek, a tributary to the Duck River in Humphreys County, Tennessee. The burrows that we excavated at this site were up to 10 m away from the stream channel and surrounded by ground vegetation (including a large amount of poison ivy) and mature trees. The terrain beyond the floodplain of Hurricane Creek at this site is steeply sloped causing some burrow entrances to be over 2 m above the water table and therefore particularly difficult to collect crayfishes from. The soil at this site was mostly clay loam with some sand.

...

Crayfish associates. Given that L. dalyae sp. nov. is broadly distributed across the most crayfish species-rich region of the world, an exhaustive list of crayfish associates would be intractable. Adults of burrowing crayfish species like L. dalyae sp. nov. often live in clustered colonies (Clay et al., 2017), but multiple burrowing crayfish species may also live in close proximity to one another in partially or completely overlapping colonies. For instance, we have collected C. gentryi Hobbs, 1970 and C. striatus Hay, 1902 from burrows directly adjacent to those of L. dalyae sp. nov. in Tennessee. Colleagues of ours have collected L. dalyae sp. nov. and its congener L. aff. diogenes from numerous sites in Mississippi and Florida (Susie Adams & Paul Moler, personal communication). Similarly, Miller et al., 2014 reported collecting Creaserinus fodiens (Cottle, 1863), C. striatus, C. latimanus (Le Conte, 1856), and Procambarus acutissimus (Girard, 1852) from burrows in the vicinity of L. dalyae sp. nov. burrows in Alabama. In short, a large number of southeastern primary or secondary burrowing crayfishes could be found occurring in sympatry with L. dalyae sp. nov. so long as the habitat is suitable.

 Etymology. It is with great pleasure that we name this crayfish after Dr. Marymegan Daly, a Professor in the Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology and Director of the Museum of Biological Diversity at The Ohio State University. It is thanks to the opportunity presented by Dr. Daly to the lead author to join her lab, as well as her continued guidance and instruction on topics such as zoological nomenclature and systematics, that the recent revisionary work on Lacunicambarus was ever undertaken. Dr. Daly is an accomplished invertebrate zoologist and systematist who has greatly advanced her field during her ongoing career and is also a thoughtful and caring person who strives for equality and justice in this turbulent world. The crayfish described herein does not possess nematocysts, but we trust that Dr. Daly will be captivated by it all the same! 

We suggest the common name “Jewel Mudbug” for this species as a testament to its magnificent color pattern. This crayfish’s golden background color and polychromatic highlights gives the impression that it has been cast in gold and adorned with precious stones. We refer to this crayfish as a mudbug to denote that it is a primary burrowing crayfish.

Mael G. Glon, Bronwyn W. Williams and Zachary J. Loughman. 2019. Lacunicambarus dalyae: A New Species of Burrowing Crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the southeastern United States. Zootaxa. 4683(3); 361–380.  DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4683.3.3

NaturalSciences.org/calendar/news/jewel-mudbug-new-species-of-burrowing-crayfish-identified/

Abstract

Lacunicambarus diogenes (Girard 1852) was, until recently, considered to be one of the most widely distributed North American crayfish species, occurring in 31 U.S. States and one Canadian province east of the North American Rocky Mountains. Glon et al. (2018) investigated this claim and found that L. diogenes sensu lato was actually a species complex. The authors redescribed L. diogenes and restricted its range to the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregions of eastern North America. In doing so, they also revealed the existence of several probable undescribed species of Lacunicambarus that were previously considered to be L. diogenes. Here, we use morphological and molecular techniques to distinguish and describe one of these species: Lacunicambarus chimera sp. nov., a large primary burrowing crayfish found in parts of the Lower Mississippi, Ohio, Tennessee and Upper Mississippi River Basins. Lacunicambarus chimera is morphologically similar to L. diogenes, from which it can be distinguished by the greater number of spines on the ventrolateral margin of its merus, its wider antennal scale terminating in a short spine, and the presence of a single longitudinal stripe on the dorsal side of its abdomen. We also provide an updated key to Lacunicambarus.

Keywords: Crustacea, burrowing crayfish, systematics, taxonomy, revision, North America, freshwater, Old Ohio River

Taxonomy 

Family Cambaridae Hobbs 1942 

Genus Lacunicambarus (Hobbs 1969) 

Lacunicambarus chimera Glon & Thoma sp. nov.

Cambarus obesus Forbes 1876:6 [in part]. 

Cambarus diogenes Hay 1895:478 [in part]. Ortmann 1905:123 [in part]. Rhoades 1944:111 [in part]. Eberly 1954:283 [in part]. Brown 1955:62 [in part]. Marlow 1960:229 [in part]. Page 1985:433 [in part]. Page & Mottesi 1995:23 [in part]. Taylor et al. 1996:29 [in part]. Simon 2001:104 [in part]. Taylor et al. 2007:382 [in part]. Taylor & Schuster 2004:80 [in part]. Taylor Schuster & Wylie 2015:66 [in part]. 

Cambarus diogenes diogenes Marlow 1960:233 [in part]. 

Cambarus (Lacunicambarus) diogenes diogenes Hobbs 1969:110 [in part]; 1974:20 [in part]. Bouchard 1972:56 [in part]; 1974:595 [in part]. 

Cambarus (Lacunicambarus) diogenes Hobbs 1989: 24 [in part]. Thoma et al. 2005:334 [in part]. Thoma & Armitage 2008:iii [in part]. 

Cambarus cf. diogenes Glon 2017:55.

 Lacunicambarus aff. diogenes Glon et al. 2018:604 [in part].

Diagnosis. Eyes pigmented, not reduced. Rostrum curved downwards in lateral view, margins converging, slightly thickened, without marginal spines or tubercles, lacking median carina, shallowly excavated. Acumen distinctly delimited basally by 45° angles. Cephalothorax cylindrical, with 3–10 (mean ± sd: 6 ± 1) small tubercles lining posterior margin of cervical groove. Anteroventral branchiostegal tubercles small, numbering 8–29 (mean ± sd: 18 ± 4). Suborbital angle acute. Postorbital ridges developed, lacking anterior spine or tubercle. Areola obliterated, constituting, in adults, 38–45% (mean ± sd: 42 ± 0 %) of entire length of cephalothorax. Antennal scale 2.41 to 3.35 (mean ± sd: 2.80 ± 0.18) times as long as wide, broadest distal to midlength, terminating in small spine, mesial margin forming straight edge. Dorsomesial margin of palm of chelae with 3 rows of tubercles, mesial-most row normally consisting of 6–10 (mean ± sd: 7 ± 1) probolos tubercles, running parallel to second row with 4–9 (mean ± sd: 6 ± 1) probolos tubercles, third row running diagonally from mesial base of palm to lateral dactyl articulation in the form of 5–8 (mean ± sd: 7 ± 1) subprobolos tubercles located in shallow dimples. No tufts of elongated setae at mesial base of fixed finger. Opposable margin of dactyl weakly concave at base. Ratio of dactyl length to palm length 1.78–2.49 (mean ± sd: 2.10 ± 0.16). Dorsomedian longitudinal ridges of dactyl and fixed finger of propodus weakly developed. Dorsolateral impression at base of propodus moderate. Ventral surface of chelae with 0–5 (mean ± sd: 2 ± 1) subpalmar tubercles. Mesial margin of dactyl with 12–33 (mean ± sd: 22 ± 4) prominent tubercles. Ventral surface of carpus with single spine on mesial articular rim, mesial margin with 4–10 (mean ± sd: 7 ± 1) spines of varying sizes. Merus spines numbering 2–9 (mean: 5 ± 2) on ventrolateral margin and 7–16 (mean ± sd: 11 ± 2) on ventromesial margin. Mesial ramus of uropod with distomedian spine not reaching caudal margin. Gonopods of Form I males contiguous at base, with moderately pronounced umbo near midlength of caudal surface; terminal elements consisting of 1) short, tapering, distally truncate central projection lacking subapical notch, shorter than mesial process, directed caudally at approximately 90°, reaching past margin of umbo, 2) mesial process with conical base tipped with protruding finger, directed caudally at approximately 90° and overreaching umbo by noticeable amount and 3) inconspicuous caudal knob sometimes present at caudolateral base of central projection. Hooks on ischium of third pereiopods only. Female with annulus ventralis subquadrangular or kiteshaped, approximately as long as wide, rather deeply embedded in sternum, flexible, with posterior half sclerotized and anterior half mildly pliable.

....

....

Ecological Notes. As mentioned above, Lacunicambarus chimera is a primary burrowing crayfish species. Like other Lacunicambarus species, L. chimera is commonly dug from burrows in fine-grained soils along the floodplains of streams and rivers and in roadside ditches. We have also collected this species in burrows on the banks of manmade ponds and in ditches that were lined with large stones. The chimneys at the mouths of L. chimera burrows are often large and conspicuous, attaining heights of 30 cm or more. These burrows, like those of other primary burrowing crayfishes, provide habitat for many other organisms (e.g., Creaser 1931; Pintor & Soluk 2006; Thoma & Armitage 2008). Glon & Thoma (2017) specifically documented the use of L. chimera burrows as brooding burrows by eastern cicada killer wasps in Pike County, Indiana. 

Little is known about the ecology of L. chimera in situ, but specimens which we have kept in laboratory aquariums have readily consumed a variety of aquarium fish foods, snails, earth worms, and leaf litter from streams, suggesting that this species is an opportunistic omnivore. These specimens were mostly active at night, when they foraged around their enclosures. During the day, they rested inside of artificial burrows made from PVC pipes, occasionally twitching their antennae in response to stimuli. They did not appear to be particularly aggressive, compared to other crayfish species.

Crayfish Associates. We collected the following primary and secondary-burrowing crayfishes from burrows at sites where we found Lacunicambarus chimera: Creaserinus fodiens (Cottle 1863), C. hortoni (Hobbs & Fitzpatrick 1970), Faxonius immunis (Hagen 1870), L. ludovicianus, L. polychromatus, L. aff. polychromatus, Procambarus acutus (Girard 1852), P. clarkii (Girard 1852), P. gracilis (Bundy in Forbes 1876) and P. viaeviridis (Faxon 1914). While sampling for L. chimera, we focused primarily on sampling for burrowing crayfishes and therefore do not have records of the tertiary-burrowing crayfishes that undoubtedly inhabit open water adjacent to L. chimera burrows. 

Etymology. Our choice of the species epithet “chimera” stems from our first encounter with this species. The first specimens that we caught were freshly molted young adults (approximately 30 mm CL). These specimens bore a bright longitudinal gladiate stripe reminiscent of the stripe in L. ludovicianus, L. miltus, and some populations of L. polychromatus. The bright colors on these specimens were similar to those found in L. polychromatus, and the general shape of these specimens was reminiscent of L. diogenes. These features made L. chimera appear to be a chimera of multiple Lacunicambarus species. To honor the nickname given to this species when it was first discovered by Ray Jezerinac and Whitney Stocker, and also as a reference to its impressive size, we suggest the common name “Crawzilla Crawdad.” 

Mael G. Glon, Roger F. Thoma, Marymegan Daly and John V. Freudenstein. 2019.  Lacunicambarus chimera: A New Species of Burrowing Crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Zootaxa. 4544(4); 451–478.  DOI:  10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.1

Abstract

Marbled crayfish are a globally expanding population of parthenogenetically reproducing freshwater decapods. They are closely related to the sexually reproducing slough crayfish, Procambarus fallax, which is native to the southeastern United States. Previous studies have shown that marbled crayfish are morphologically very similar to P. fallax. However, different fitness traits, reproductive incompatibility and substantial genetic differences suggest that the marbled crayfish should be considered an independent species. This article provides its formal description and scientific name, Procambarus virginalis sp. nov.

Keywords: Crustacea, parthenogenesis, annulus ventralis, genetic analysis, mitochondrial DNA

Procambarus virginalis sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Body pigmented, eyes well developed. Rostrum with marginal spine and lacking median carina. Carapace with cervical spine. Areola 5 to 7 times as long as wide, constituting 30 to 35 percent carapace length (Tab. 1). Suborbital angle obtuse and weak. Postorbital ridge well developed with cephalic spine. Hepatic area punctate. Antennal scale approximately 2.5 times as long as wide, widest at midlength. Annulus ventralis bellshaped, about 1.6 times as broad as long, bisected by narrow furrow leading caudally into median depression. Sinus originating on median line, continuing longitudinally on anterior half, then curving dextrally before curving caudally before continuing and terminating on median line. Sternum immediately cephalic to annulus with no tubercles or projections and not overhanging annulus. Unadorned bell-shaped postannular sclerite with central longitudinal furrow, width similar to annulus. First pleopods present. Mitochondrial DNA with guanine and cytosine at positions 8754 and 8783, respectively (GenBank accession number KT074364, see Tab. 2 for a list of discriminatory genetic variants).

Etymology. The name Procambarus virginalis is derived from the preliminary designation Procambarus fallax forma virginalis (Martin et al., 2010) and reflects the species' unique parthenogenetic mode of reproduction. 

Remarks. The oldest known record of P. virginalis is from a German biologist and hobby aquarist. In a personal conversation with the author (February 2017), he recalled obtaining an uncharacterized batch of "Texas crayfish" from a pet trader specializing in American insects and other invertebrates, at a trade fair in Frankfurt (Germany) in 1995. Animal numbers of this original stock increased rapidly and animals were subsequently distributed to other German aquarists, eventually reaching commercial traders and pet stores. The absence of male animals and the parthenogenetic mode of reproduction were soon recognized among aquarists and subsequently confirmed in the first scientific description of marbled crayfish (Scholtz et al., 2003).

Frank Lyko. 2017. The Marbled Crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) represents An Independent New Species. Zootaxa. 4363(4); 544–552. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.4.6

Cambarus (Puncticambarus) guenteri  Loughman, Henkanaththegedara, Fetzner & Thoma, 2017     DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4269.4.4

Abstract

The amazing levels of freshwater biodiversity found in the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States are among the highest recorded globally. Localized endemics make up much of this diversity, with numerous fish, freshwater mussels, salamanders and crayfish often being restricted to a single watershed, and in some instances, subwatersheds. Much of this diversity is the product of the processes of vicariance and historical stream drainage patterns. Herein, we describe three new crayfish species, all previously members of the Cambarus robustus complex, which occur in the Appalachian portion of the Kentucky and Licking river basins in Kentucky, USA. All three species differ from each other morphologically, genetically, and zoogeographically, fulfilling the requirements of the integrated species concept. Cambarus guenteri occurs in the southern tributaries of the Kentucky River mainstem as well as throughout the South Fork Kentucky River. Cambarus taylori is a narrow endemic, which only occurs in the Middle Fork Kentucky River. Cambarus hazardi, which has the widest distribution of the three new species, occurs in the North Fork Kentucky River, Red River, and upper reaches of the Licking River basin. Stream piracy events between the Cumberland and South Fork Kentucky River, as well as the Licking, Red and North Fork Kentucky rivers, are theorized to be important in the evolution of this complex. Cambarus guenteri is proposed as currently stable, though both C. taylori and C. hazardi are considered imperiled at this time due to habitat destruction throughout both of their respective ranges.

Keywords: Cambarus, endemicity, Kentucky, new species, systematics, taxonomy, Crustacea

Cambarus (Puncticambarus) guenteri, new species

Etymology. It is with great pleasure that we name this species in honor of Dr. Guenter A. Schuster, Professor Emeritus, Eastern Kentucky University. Dr. Schuster dedicated his professional career to teaching undergraduates, graduate students and professional biologists about the diversity, biology, and conservation of freshwater invertebrates, with a particular influence on biologists from the bluegrass state, and he is a coauthor of the definitive work on the crayfishes of Kentucky. He instilled in those he educated a sense of wonder and appreciation for these organisms, which has undoubtedly led to the conservation of more than one freshwater mussel or crayfish. The common name for C. guenteri is the Redbird Crayfish in reference to the Redbird River drainage where large populations of C. guenteri occur.

Common name. Redbird Crayfish.

Cambarus (Puncticambarus) hazardi, new species

Etymology. Cambarus hazardi is named after Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, noted American Naval Commander, and the name sake of Perry County Kentucky and the County Seat, Hazard Kentucky. The common name Brawny Crayfish is in reference to the powerfully built stature of C. hazardi.

Common name. Brawny Crayfish

Cambarus (Puncticambarus) taylori, new species

Etymology. It is our honor and privilege to name this crayfish after Dr. Christopher A. Taylor from the Illinois Natural History Survey. Dr. Taylor has been one of the most active crayfish researchers in the United States for the past two decades and a leader in crayfish conservation, co-authored the seminal work on Kentucky’s crayfishes, Crayfishes of Kentucky, and has been instrumental in bringing the conservation concerns of North America’s crayfishes to light with his many publications. The common name Cutshin Crayfish is in reference to Cutshin Creek watershed, which harbors the species.

Common name. Cutshin Crayfish

Zachary J. Loughman, Sujan M. Henkanaththegedara, James W. Fetzner, Jr. and Roger F. Thoma. 2017. A Case of Appalachian Endemism: Revision of the Cambarus robustus complex (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in the Kentucky and Licking River Basins of Kentucky, USA, with the Description of Three New Species.  Zootaxa. 4269(4); 460-494.  DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4269.4.4

ResearchGate.net/publication/317098813_A_case_of_Appalachian_endemism_Revision_of_the_Cambarus_robustus_complex_Decapoda_Cambaridae_in_the_Kentucky_and_Licking_River_basins_of_Kentucky_USA_with_the_description_of_three_new_species