Independent

Recent years have seen not just a revival, but a rebirth of the analogue record. More than merely a nostalgic craze, vinyl has become a cultural icon. As music consumption migrated to digital and online, this seemingly obsolete medium became the fastest-growing format in music sales. Whilst vinyl never ceased to be the favorite amongst many music lovers and DJs, from the late 1980s the recording industry regarded it as an outdated relic, consigned to dusty domestic corners and obscure record shops. So why is vinyl now experiencing a 'rebirth of its cool'?

Dominik Bartmanski and Ian Woodward explore this question by combining a cultural sociological approach with insights from material culture studies. Presenting vinyl as a multifaceted cultural object, they investigate the reasons behind its persistence within our technologically accelerated culture. Informed by media analysis, urban ethnography and the authors' interviews with musicians, DJs, sound engineers, record store owners, collectors and cutting-edge label chiefs from a range of metropolitan centres renowned for thriving music scenes including London, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, and especially Berlin, what emerges is a story of a modern icon.

Endorsements & Reviews:

“Vinyl is a state-of-the-art treatment of an unforgettable object and medium that raises many of the issues central to contemporary anthropology. Its subject-matter should make it appealing to students and general audiences, while its theoretical sophistication makes it relevant to scholars of music, technology, popular culture, and cultural objects.” –  Jack David Eller, Anthropology Review Database

“Bartmanski and Woodward have created a masterpiece that any record lover should have on their shelves” –  Record Collector magazine

“Bartmanski and Woodward … provide meticulous detail as to how materiality matters … Bartmanski and Woodward divide their book into chapters that fervently trace various aspects of vinyl: its history, its functionality and use as a medium, its production and physical properties, and its consumption. In each chapter, they attend to the materially mediated cultural meanings within which vinyl is entangled.” –  Robin Bartram, Northwestern University, Qualitative Sociology

“Vinyl culture is back, and it’s even more vibrant than it was in its heyday, before digitalization. Bartmanski and Woodward take us to the epicentres of this revolution, and let those who are behind it tell us about their passions for this iconic medium. This is an exemplary study of the social and sensory life of things." - David Howes, Professor of Anthropology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada

“In the age of the digital, with the ubiquitous smart phone and MP3 technologies providing consumers with instant access to global sounds irrespective of where they are, Vinyl explores the persistence of an old technology within the production and consumption of music. In doing so it demonstrates the complex ways in which material objects form a meaningful part of our everyday lives – not just through the sounds of vinyl but by how it feels and looks. The text is beautifully written, impassioned, yet critical. Welcome to the world of the post-digital.” –  Michael Bull, Professor of Sound Studies, University of Sussex, UK.

“A passionate ode to the analogue record, and testament to how vinyl embodies the content it mediates, with each record's unique journey etched into the material” –  Hillegonda C. Rietveld, The Times Higher Education

Manajemen dapat dikatan sebagai proses menangani sesuatu yang dilakukan atas dasar kerja sama antara individu dan kelompok dalam mencapai hasil dan tujuan. Agar tercapainya suatu tujuan yang telah direncanakan harus dibutuhkan peran seorang pemimpin.

Studi Alterasi Geology dan Endapan Epithermal.
Penelitian ini di lakukan di Kota Jayapurapada distrik koya koso.
Lokasi tersebut sampai pada saat ini terus di lakukan penambangan dengan mengunakan peralatan sederhan oleh masyarakat setempat (Tambang Rakyat)

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This paper is presented at ''Koç University 7th International Students Symposium on Law and Global Issues'', Istanbul, Turkey which held between 27-29 April 2018.

Through this paper, I would like to understand concept of ''independent and impartial tribunal'' in terms of international law. I examined this topic in 4 different international law aspects; approach from United Nations, approach from European Convention of Human Rights, approach from American Convention on Human Rights and approach from African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights.
All of these international conventions contain the terms ‘’independent and impartial tribunal’’. I scrutinized the implementation of these conventions and determined criteria for independent and impartial tribunal. Then I examined under which circumstances independence and impartiality would be violated. All of these assessments are related to human rights, democracy and rule of law.

Within the video game development aspect, rejecting financial support from any publisher to keep up freedom against mainstream conglomerates named as “Independent video game” even though its definition is open to interpretations. This article proposes a field study of production and distribution of the digital video game industry to see whether independent video game development is an independent alternative to mainstream or well-planned sub-part of capitalist structure that established globally by very same conglomerates.
A company based identification of production tools, distribution systems, and manufactured hardware’s that used by independent developers of digital video games gives us an insight of power relations within the industry. Best-evidence synthesis based research of major digital video game developers, “free” video game development engines, leading digital distribution systems, developer based investigation of most played video game, and considering biggest acquisitions of the industry provides us a clear view of political economy.
Conglomerates claim that they are providing free production tools and distribution systems to support independent digital video game development. This article identifies power relations within the industry to understand whether conglomerates support independent development, or exploit them as a risk-free research & development service.

Este trabalho explora algumas possibilidades para o estudo da produção cultural (auto)denominada independente. Partindo dos conceitos de representação (tal como trabalhado por Chartier e Bourdieu) e fórmula discursiva (discutido por Krieg-Planque), discutimos as implicações de tomar o “independente” como categoria nativa, ou seja, como noção que faz sentido para os agentes e dá sentido às suas práticas. Propomos critérios analíticos para apreender a heterogeneidade de aparições do “independente” no espaço público, de modo a esclarecer os vínculos dessa unidade sintagmática polissêmica à pluralidade de posições sócio-discursivas que dela se valem para instituir tomadas de posição que descrevem e prescrevem estilos de presença no campo da cultura.

Neste trabalho, descrevo o surgimento recente de diversas feiras de livros, zines e outras publicações “independentes” na cidade de São Paulo (SP). Analiso as características adquiridas por esses eventos entre 2009 e 2015, com ênfase naqueles que conquistaram maior visibilidade e regularidade no calendário cultural paulistano. Discuto a formação de uma “cena” de jovens publicadores e, por fim, esboço um esquema ideal-típico para entender a heterogeneidade de propostas editoriais existentes nesse universo.

Nowadays, it is increasingly common to find examples of animated films that reflect social realities that have to do with the world of health. Animation has proved to be a universal language that shows complex medical and social problems, to the point that, not only projects as Animation in Therapy, awarded for innovation in health which is sponsored by The National Endowment for Science Technology and the Arts (NESTA); but also specialized workshops have been carried out; for example, Healing Education Research Therapy (HEART) as well as events like Animation on Prescription, held in the Encounters Short Film and Animation Festival. This paper analyzes Squid Ink and C Plan, two animation short films which are used as a therapeutic tool of artistic mediation to promote positive social values. The idea of animation is to provide abstraction and symbolization of motion pictures. In this sense, the visual metaphor will have great rhetoric relevance and will be emphasized on both cases of study. The use of animation as a form of art and as mediation has a dual purpose. Firstly, it helps to have a better understanding of those who are affected by Crohn's disease and hepatitis C, and, secondly, it familiarizes chronic patients and health personnel with language and artistic values of animated images. Also, the idea of animation will be highlighted as an expressive medium applied in the medical field, empathizing with patients and medical staff as active participants of the proposed animated short films.

Indonesia is an agrarian country, second most biodiverse in the world after Brazil. But some of it has disappeared as a result of development. The purpose of this article is to look at the existence of traditional rice farming culture and its propagation in Indonesia. The research borrows from Foucault’s theory of power and uses qualitative descriptive methods for analysis. Both primary (observations, interviews) and secondary (documents) data have been used in this research. The study finds that for 50 years the knowledge of traditional rice farming that was suitable with the natural environment of the land and its culture has been in contestation with knowledge of farming with synthetic chemical (inorganic) materials. A small number of farmers are able to retain their power and maintain traditional farming culture. This research has policy implications: Traditional rice farming can be expanded and developed for traditional rice agro-tourism and as a media for socializing farming methods for millennial generation, bringing farming culture in harmony with nature, conservation of biological resources towards healthy and independent farmers

The ultrasonic velocity (U), Density (ρ) and Viscosity (η) have been measured for three ternary liquid mixtures of P-Cresol + Cyclohexane + Formaldehyde, P-Cresol + Cyclohexane + Acetaldehyde and P-Cresol + Cyclohexane + Benzaldehyde at 303K, 313K and 323K. The experimental data have been used to calculate the acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), free length (L f), free volume (V f), internal pressure (π i), viscous relaxation time (τ) and Gibb's free energy (G) were evaluated. The obtained results support the occurrence of dipole-dipole interactions and molecular association through intermolecular hydrogen bonding in these ternary liquid mixtures. INTRODUCTION The studies of multi-component (Binary and ternary liquid) mixtures and solutions have found wide applications in chemical, textile, leather and nuclear industries [1-3]. The study and understanding of thermo dynamical and transport properties of liquid mixtures and solutions are more essential for their application in these industries. It increases interest among several workers for the study of molecular interaction in binary [4, 5] and ternary [6, 7] liquid mixtures in recent past employing ultrasonic velocity measurement. This precisely helps to understanding the molecular interactions and structural behavior of molecules and their mixture. In this paper, we report on the ultrasonic study of four ternary liquid mixtures (p-Cresol + Cyclohexane + Formaldehyde, p-Cresol + Cyclohexane + Acetaldehyde and p-Cresol + Cyclohexane + Benzaldehyde). The cyclohexane is a non-polar unassociated, inert hydrocarbons possesses globular structure [8], it has ring structure as benzene without any S electron and serves as reference point for comparison of the molecular interactions. Cresols are organic compounds which are methyl phenols. It has isomeric and methyl group substituted onto the benzene ring of a phenol molecule. It has three forms (ortho, meta and para), one of the o-,m-or p-positions relative to the OH group. The compounds are highly flammable moderately soluble in water and soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone cyclohexane and alkalies. Chemically these alkyl phenols undergo electro-philic substitution reactions at the condensation reaction with aldehydes, ketones [9]. The interactions between cresols and aldehydes may probably be dipole-dipole or may be due to intra molecular hydrogen bonding [10].

After one year from the project for an archive of emerging artists, Sottobosco presents My Favourite Things. The artists, who joined the archive until today, will present themselfs to the Galleria Contemporaneo space.
The artists are asked to choose, for the first Sottobosco collective exibition, the works that most represents their artistic practice. My Favourite Things is the result of a work started in 2009 to develop an archive configured, for dimensions and contents, like a selections of research and sperimentation oriented italian artists.

Artist.
Emanuela Ascari, Giuditta Ambrosini, Emanuele Becheri, Filippo Berta, Cristian Chironi, Danilo Correale, Raffaella Crispino, Francesca De Pieri, Fausto Falchi, Matteo Fato, Maddalena Fragnito de Giorgio, Gastrovisione, Riccardo Giacconi, Silvia Giambrone, Pietro Mele, Federica Menin, Jacopo Miliani, Nicola Nunziata, Giuliana Racco, Stefano Romano, Claudia Rossini, Mirko Smerdel, Elisa Strinna, Marcello Tedesco, Olga Vanoncini, Fabrizio Vatieri, Valentina Vetturi, Enrico Vezzi, Progetto Zero+, Angela Zurlo.

“Təhsil haqqında” Azərbaycan Respublikasının Qanununda ölkədə təhsilin səviyyəsinin bu qanunla müəyyənləşdirildiyi normativ-hüquqi bazada ifadə olunmaqla birmənalı şəkildə həm də standartların dövlət tələbi olması, keyfiyyətin ona nisbətdə formalaşması yanaşmalarını doğurur. Bu istər-istəməz həmin fəaliyyətlərin daha məqsədyönlü və elmi-pedaqoji əsasda həyata keçirilməsi üçün təhsildə keyfiyyət anlayışının pedaqoji yöndə izah olunmasına ehtiyac yaranır. Alimlərin araşdırmalarına əsasən belə qənaətə gəlmək mümkündür ki, insan şəxsiyyətinin formalaşmasında həlledici rol oynayan ümumi təhsil də daxil olmaqla, ümumilikdə təhsilin keyfiyyəti cəmiyyət hadisəsi kimi onun bütövlüyünü və durumunu ifadə etməsi ilə seçilir. Təhsilin keyfiyyəti müxtəlif zamanlarda həmişə cəmiyyəti düşündürmüş, onun yüksəldilməsi istiqamətində fəaliyyətlərə sövq etmişdir. Əlbəttə, bu yanaşmalarda mövqe həmişə eyni olmuş, aparılan təhsil siyasəti onun istiqamətlənməsində rol oynamışdır.


The Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan "On Education" unequivocally states that this law in the normative-legal base defines the level of education in the country, and that the standards are a state requirement and the quality i formed in relation to it. Inevitably, in order to implement these activities on a more purposeful and scientific-pedagogical basis, there is a need to explain the concept of quality in education in a pedagogical way. Based on the research of scientists, it is possible to conclude that the quality of education in general, including general education, which plays a decisive role in the formation of the human personality, is distinguished by the expression of its integrity and status as a social phenomenon. The quality of education has always made society think at different times and encouraged activities to improve it. Of course, the position in these approaches has always been the same, and the education policy has played a role in its direction.

WiMAX Cellular Networks with Multi-hop Relays(MR), standardized as IEEE 802.16j networks, have been  proposed for the improvement of overall throughput by providing last mile high speed broadband service to the users. The scheduling algorithm at Base Station(BS) plays a vital role in optimal resource allocation.  In Queue aware scheduling, Concurrent Transmission Scenarios(CTS) are identified based on high back  pressure links, which are used as input for linear programming model that determines the transmission schedules to maximize the overall throughput with simultaneous transmissions over Independent Links(IL).  As shown in the results of Queue aware scheduling algorithm, the increase in the number of Concurrent Transmission Scenarios, improves the throughput and reaches a steady state after a level because of the limited number of independent links. In this paper, the installation of Directional Antennas at Base Station(BS), Relay Stations(RS) is proposed and studied the impact of increase in independent links, so as the concurrent scenarios with Directional Antennas, and observed some improvement in throughput. Simulation results showed that the proposed Queue aware scheduling with Directional Antennas outperforms even when the Mobile Stations(MSs) are at the edge of the cell coverage.