JP5118637B2 - Liイオン電池用制御電子回路 - Google Patents
Liイオン電池用制御電子回路 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5118637B2 JP5118637B2 JP2008521615A JP2008521615A JP5118637B2 JP 5118637 B2 JP5118637 B2 JP 5118637B2 JP 2008521615 A JP2008521615 A JP 2008521615A JP 2008521615 A JP2008521615 A JP 2008521615A JP 5118637 B2 JP5118637 B2 JP 5118637B2
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- voltage
- battery pack
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Description
本願は、2005年7月14日に出願され、本明細書において参照によりその全教示が援用される米国特許仮出願第60/699,088号の利益を主張する。
携帯電子装置のLiイオン電池は、通常、そのユーザーにより異なる充電、放電、および蓄電作業を受ける。比較的長いカレンダー(もしくは保存)寿命および/またはサイクル寿命の電池を有することは有利なことではあるが、通常、部分的に電池の化学的な劣化ならびに電極の呼吸性質(breathing nature)、リチウムインターカレーションおよび除去の際のその厚みの変化によって生じる機械的な劣化のために、電池は限界カレンダー(calendar)寿命およびサイクル寿命を有する。例えば、マンガン酸塩スピネル系正極物質を用いたLiイオン電池は、一般的に、LiCoO2系正極物質を用いたものに比べ、より高い安全性、より高い電気出力(power capability)およびより低い製造コストを有するが、比較的低いサイクル寿命およびカレンダー寿命を有する。また、同じ型の電池の中でも、それらのカレンダー寿命およびサイクル寿命は、それらがユーザーによって受ける充電、放電および蓄電作業に依存して、それぞれ異なり得る。
一般的に、本発明は、電池または電池パックの蓄電圧(storage voltage)を制御して、好ましくない電圧域または好ましくない電圧を避けるためにその蓄電圧を調整し、それにより、電池または電池パックが好ましくない電圧域または好ましくない電圧で費やす時間を最小限にする方法および電子装置に関する。
前記のことは、同様の参照特性が異なる観点を通じて同一の部分に言及する、添付の図面に例証されるように、以下の本発明の実施態様のより具体的な記載から明らかとなろう。図面は必ずしも同じ縮尺ではないが、代わりに本発明の態様を例証する際に強調がなされる。
x1およびx2がそれぞれ独立して0.01以上、0.3以下である;
y1およびy2がそれぞれ独立して0.0以上、0.3以下である;
z1が3.9以上、4.1以下である;ならびに
A'がマグネシウム、アルミニウム、コバルト、ニッケルおよびクロムからなる群の少なくとも1種である、
によって表される。
この実施例では、Liイオン電池、特に、コバルト酸リチウムおよびマンガン酸塩スピネルの混合物を含有するLiイオン電池では、あるセルの電圧レベルは、セルのカレンダー寿命の決定因子であることが示される。この実施例は、Li-イオンセルがより高速で劣化する特定の電圧域があることを示す。したがって、電池のカレンダー寿命をできるだけ増強するためには、これらの特徴を有する電池の使用または保存中、この電圧域を回避することが望ましい。特に、正極にスピネルを有する混合物および黒鉛負極を含有する電池では、およそ3.85V〜3.95Vの蓄電圧域がカレンダー寿命に有害であることがわかった。また、4.15V〜4.20Vの電圧域もまた、劣化の増大を有することがわかった。これは、正極構造、特に、スピネル構造の酸化マンガンを含有する正極の金属イオンを溶解する非常に低速の化学反応のためと考えられる。この溶解時、電極の構造の完全さは徐々に破壊され、容量が低下する。
当該技術分野で知られた方法、例えば、すべてのその全教示は参照により本明細書に援用されるPCT/US2005/047383および代理人整理番号3853.1001-006で6月23 日に出願された「リチウムイオン二次電池(Lithium-ion Secondary Battery)」の名称である米国特許出願に開示された方法によってセルを作製した。LiCoO2(70wt%)およびLi1+x1MnO4(30wt%)の混合物をこれらのセルの正極活物質として使用した。セル内の充電状態を代表的に選択した種々の電圧で60℃にて2週間セルを保存した。60℃は、室温での測定より高い温度のほうがより高速な劣化を促進し得るため選択した。次いで、セルを完全に放電させ、セル内の残存容量を試験した。復元可能容量を確認するため、次いで、セルを完全充電状態(4.2V)まで再充電し、再度放電させてセルの復元可能容量を試験した。
本発明を、その好ましい態様を参照して具体的に示し、記載したが、形態および詳細における種々の変形が、添付の特許請求の範囲によって包含される本発明の範囲から逸脱せずになされ得ることは、当業者によって理解されよう。
Claims (30)
- a) 電池パックの蓄電圧を検知する工程;
b) 電子装置がユーザーと相互作用していない時間を検知する工程;
c) i) 該時間が所定の時間値より長いかどうか、ii) 該時間中の任意の時点で蓄電圧が所定の電圧域内であるかどうか、およびiii) 該時間中の任意の時点で蓄電圧が所定の電圧以上であるかどうかを決定する工程;ならびに
d) i) 該時間が所定の時間値より長く、蓄電圧が該時間中の任意の時点で所定の電圧域内である場合、放電機構を起動し、それにより電池パックの蓄電圧を所定の電圧域未満に調整する工程;または
ii) 該時間が所定の時間値より長く、蓄電圧が該時間中の任意の時点で所定の電圧以上である場合、放電機構を起動し、それにより電池パックの蓄電圧を所定の電圧未満に調整する工程
を含む、電子装置のための制御電子回路により電池パックの蓄電圧を制御する方法。 - 所定の蓄電圧が完全充電状態の電圧である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 所定の時間値が約1時間である、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 所定の時間値が約2時間である、請求項3記載の方法。
- 電池パックが少なくとも1つのリチウムイオンセルを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 所定の電圧域が約3.85V〜約3.95Vおよび約4.15V〜約4.20Vからなる群より選択され、所定の電圧が約4.20Vである、請求項5記載の方法。
- a) 電子装置;
b) 電池パック;ならびに
c) 電子装置および電池パックに接続された制御電子回路
を含むシステムであって、該制御電子回路は、
i) 電池パックの蓄電圧を検知する;
ii) 電子装置がユーザーと相互作用していない時間を検知する;
iii) 1) 該時間が所定の時間値より長いかどうか、2) 該時間中の任意の時点で蓄電圧が所定の電圧域内であるかどうか、および3) 該時間中の任意の時点で蓄電圧が所定の電圧以上であるかどうかを決定し、それにより放電機構を起動する;ならびに
iv) 1) 該時間が所定の時間値より長く、蓄電圧が該時間中の任意の時点で所定の電圧域内である場合、放電機構を起動し、それにより電池パックの蓄電圧を所定の電圧域未満に調整する;または
2) 該時間が所定の時間値より長く、蓄電圧が該時間中の任意の時点で所定の電圧以上である場合、放電機構を起動し、それにより電池パックの蓄電圧を所定の電圧未満に調整する、システム。 - 制御電子回路が、
a) 電池パックの電圧および時間を検知するための検出回路;および
b) 電池パックの電圧および電流を制御するための制御回路
を含む、請求項7記載のシステム。 - 制御電子回路が電池パック内に実装される、請求項8記載のシステム。
- 制御電子回路が電子装置内に実装される、請求項8記載のシステム。
- 検出回路および制御回路の一方が電池パック内に実装され、検出回路および制御回路の一方が電子装置内に実装される、請求項8記載のシステム。
- 電池パックが負荷抵抗を含み、該抵抗によって電池パックの蓄電圧が放電される、請求項7記載のシステム。
- 所定の蓄電圧が完全充電状態の電圧である、請求項7記載のシステム。
- 所定の時間値が約1時間である、請求項7または13記載のシステム。
- 外部電源から電池パックを充電するための充電回路をさらに含み、該充電回路が制御電子回路に接続されている、請求項7記載のシステム。
- 充電回路が電池パック内にある、請求項15記載のシステム。
- 電池パックが少なくとも1つのリチウムイオンセルを含む、請求項7記載のシステム。
- 所定の電圧域が約3.85V〜約3.95Vおよび約4.15V〜約4.20Vからなる群より選択され、所定の電圧が約4.20Vである、請求項17記載のシステム。
- 各リチウムイオンセルが、
Li(1+x1)(Mn1-y1A'y2)2-x2Oz1(式中:
x1およびx2は各々独立して、0.01以上0.3以下である;
y1およびy2は各々独立して0.0以上0.3以下である;
z1は3.9以上4.1以下である;および
A’は、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、コバルト、ニッケルおよびクロムからなる群の少なくとも1種類である)
の実験式で表されるマンガン酸塩スピネルを含む活性正極混合物を含む、請求項18記載のシステム。 - 正極混合物がコバルト酸リチウムをさらに含む、請求項19記載のシステム。
- コバルト酸リチウムおよびマンガン酸塩スピネルが、コバルト酸リチウム:マンガン酸塩スピネル約0.95:0.05〜約0.55:0.45の重量比である、請求項20記載のシステム。
- a) パックハウジング;
b) パックハウジング内の少なくとも1つのセル;および
c) パックハウジング内の制御電子回路
を含む電池パックであって、該制御電子回路は、
i) 電池パックの蓄電圧を検知する;
ii) 電子装置がユーザーと相互作用していない時間を検知する;
iii) 1) 該時間が所定の時間値より長いかどうか、2) 該時間中の任意の時点で蓄電圧が所定の電圧域内であるかどうか、および3) 該時間中の任意の時点で蓄電圧が所定の電圧以上であるかどうかを決定し、それにより放電機構を起動する;ならびに
iv) 1) 該時間が所定の時間値より長く、蓄電圧が該時間中の任意の時点で所定の電圧域内である場合、放電機構を起動し、それにより電池パックの蓄電圧を所定の電圧域未満に調整する;または
2) 該時間が所定の時間値より長く、蓄電圧が該時間中の任意の時点で所定の電圧以上である場合、放電機構を起動し、それにより電池パックの蓄電圧を所定の電圧未満に調整する、電池パック。 - 制御電子回路が、
a) 電池パックの電圧および時間を検知するための検出回路;および
b) 電池パックの電圧および電流を制御するための制御回路
を含む、請求項22記載の電池パック。 - 外部電源から電池パックを充電するための充電回路をさらに含み、該充電回路が制御電子回路に接続されている、請求項22記載の電池パック。
- 電池パックが少なくとも1つのリチウムイオンセルを含む、請求項22記載の電池パック。
- 所定の電圧域が約3.85V〜約3.95Vおよび約4.15V〜約4.20Vからなる群より選択され、所定の電圧が約4.20Vである、請求項25記載の電池パック。
- 各リチウムイオンセルが、
Li(1+x1)(Mn1-y1A'y2)2-x2Oz1(式中:
x1およびx2は各々独立して、0.01以上0.3以下である;
y1およびy2は各々独立して0.0以上0.3以下である;
z1は3.9以上4.1以下である;および
A’は、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、コバルト、ニッケルおよびクロムからなる群の少なくとも1種類である)
の実験式で表されるマンガン酸塩スピネルを含む活性正極混合物を含む、請求項26記載の電池パック。 - 正極混合物がコバルト酸リチウムをさらに含む、請求項27記載の電池パック。
- コバルト酸リチウムおよびマンガン酸塩スピネルが、コバルト酸リチウム:マンガン酸塩スピネル約0.95:0.05〜約0.55:0.45の重量比である、請求項28記載の電池パック。
- a) 装置ハウジング;
b) 装置ハウジング内の制御電子回路
を含む制御電子装置であって、該制御電子回路は、
i) 電池パックの蓄電圧を検知する;
ii) 電子装置がユーザーと相互作用していない時間を検知する;
iii) 1) 該時間が所定の時間値より長いかどうか、2) 該時間中の任意の時点で蓄電圧が所定の電圧域内であるかどうか、および3) 該時間中の任意の時点で蓄電圧が所定の電圧以上であるかどうかを決定し、それにより放電機構を起動する;ならびに
iv) 1) 該時間が所定の時間値より長く、蓄電圧が該時間中の任意の時点で所定の電圧域内である場合、放電機構を起動し、それにより電池パックの蓄電圧を所定の電圧域未満に調整する;または
2) 該時間が所定の時間値より長く、蓄電圧が該時間中の任意の時点で所定の電圧以上である場合、放電機構を起動し、それにより電池パックの蓄電圧を所定の電圧未満に調整する、制御電子装置。
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2006
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CN101263396B (zh) | 2011-04-27 |
CN101263396A (zh) | 2008-09-10 |
US8084998B2 (en) | 2011-12-27 |
WO2007011661A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
KR101264783B1 (ko) | 2013-05-15 |
US7656125B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 |
WO2007011661A9 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
US20070029972A1 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
KR20080036591A (ko) | 2008-04-28 |
EP1907871A1 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
US20100164436A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
JP2009502008A (ja) | 2009-01-22 |
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