JP5050325B2 - 組電池用制御装置 - Google Patents
組電池用制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5050325B2 JP5050325B2 JP2005202791A JP2005202791A JP5050325B2 JP 5050325 B2 JP5050325 B2 JP 5050325B2 JP 2005202791 A JP2005202791 A JP 2005202791A JP 2005202791 A JP2005202791 A JP 2005202791A JP 5050325 B2 JP5050325 B2 JP 5050325B2
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- voltage
- battery
- cell
- temperature
- combustion engine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
- F02N11/0862—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery
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- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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- B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Description
一方、組電池を構成する単電池の何れかの電圧が所定の電圧以下になったことを検出するための検出回路を各単電池毎に設け、この検出回路によって何れかの単電池の電圧が所定の電圧以下になったことが検出された場合に、組電池からエンジン始動用電動機への供給電力を制限する組電池用の制御装置が下記特許文献1において開示されている。このような組電池の制御装置においては、組電池を構成する単電池毎に電池の電圧が所定の閾値電圧以下になったことを比較し検出する検出回路を備えなければならず、回路規模が大型化しこれによるコストアップが問題となっていた。
図1に本発明が適用される内燃機関および電動機の両駆動系を有するハイブリッド車両の電動系の構成を示す。図1において、内燃機関であるエンジン101の出力軸、発電機用インバータ102、トランスミッション103、駆動電動機用インバータ104、および車輪に動力を伝達するファイナルギア105は全て駆動力伝達軸113(太実線)により機械的に結合されている。発電機用インバータ102はエンジン101からの動力により発電し、電力伝達系114(中太線)を通じて組電池108を充電する部分であるが、エンジン101の始動に際しては発電機用インバータ102の発電機に組電池108から電力を供給しエンジン始動用電動機として動作させる構成となっている。
上記構成のハイブリッド車両における組電池の電池制御系は図2に示す構成となっており、以下図2にその構成とその動作について説明する。
組電池108を構成している各単電池にはそれぞれの単電池電圧を検出する電圧検出手段、単電池が過放電状態、あるいは過充電状態になることを検出する過放電検出手段、過充電検出手段および組電池を構成する単電池の充電量バランスを取るための電流バイパス手段とで構成されたセルコントローラ(以下、C/Cと略記)1091〜109nが接続されている。
図3(a)は従来の方法による単電池の電圧変化検出法を示すもので、組電池を構成する全単電池について順番(例えば、単電池番号順に)に電圧検出を進める構成となっている。このため、エンジン始動用電動機駆動時のように短時間に大電流を放電した場合には、特に冬季のように気温の低い状態においては単電池の電圧降下が速いため、最初は図3(a)のように電圧閾値(負荷に供給する放電電力の制限が開始される値)に到達していない状態であっても(図3(a)左図丸印内)、各単電池の電圧検出を順次実行し再び当該単電池に戻ってきたときには、図3(a)右図のように過放電状態となり不可逆劣化電圧(過放電により電池が不可逆的に劣化する電圧)以下にまで単電池電圧が低下してしまうこともある。
V=EO+IR
ここで、V;端子電圧、EO;開回路(開放)電圧、I;負荷電流、R;単電池内部抵抗である。したがって、SMRをオンする前に全ての単電池の開放電圧を測定することによって、各単電池のSOCを検出することが出来る。さらに、図6(a)に示すように、無負荷あるいは軽負荷の場合はI≒0であるからV≒EOとなり、単電池の電圧のばらつきは小さい。これに対し、始動用電動機駆動等のように大きな負荷の場合は、図6(b)に示すように上式の第2項が無視できなくなり、各単電池の能力差が現れ、単電池電圧のばらつきが大きくなり、エンジン始動時の過放電状態になる可能性のある単電池の特定が困難となる。
B/C110においては、組電池108内に組み込まれた図示しないが複数の温度検出手段(温度センサ)により組電池101の温度分布を取得する。B/C110には単電池の温度/内部抵抗の相互関係が予め測定され、マップとして内蔵されている。前記の特定された単電池の内部抵抗は、前記温度/内部抵抗の相互関係のマップにより温度センサで検出された温度に応じて前記特定された電池の内部抵抗値をB/C110において演算し補正する。
組電池108の温度が、予め設定された温度またはSOCと単電池温度から算出されるバッテリ出力制限値(組電池108の温度特性により放電電力が制限され、エンジン始動が困難となる温度または電力制限値)が当該装置に対して事前に設定されている値以下の場合、全単電池電圧、組電池の温度分布および前回走行時に検出されている内部抵抗より、B/C110は、エンジン始動が行われ組電池が放電を開始した時、最も単電池電圧が低くなる可能性の高いと推定される単電池を特定する。この特定法としては、例えば図3(b)における方法が適用可能である。
過放電電圧閾値1はエンジン始動時において電池が過放電になることが推定される開放電圧レベルであり、過放電電圧閾値2は放電禁止により電池の端子に電流が流れなくなり、電極腐食が発生するレベルである。
最大負荷ではなくエンジン始動に必要となる負荷を想定して制限開始電圧閾値を決定する。
イグニションスイッチをオンした後であって、エンジン温度がまだ上がる前の最初のエンジン始動後においては、イグニションスイッチをオフにする場合を除き、電池温度が予め設定された温度以上となるまでエンジン停止を許可しない。これにより、エンジンおよび電池の温度が十分に上昇していないために、エンジン停止後の再起動が出来なくなり、走行中の車両に対しては車両停止に至ることを避けることができるようになる。なお、この処理は、B/C110および車両コントローラ111において実行される。
組電池を構成する全単電池の過放電または過充電閾値検出状態である通常状態において、過放電または過充電の状態となり放電電力制限開始電圧である第1の閾値を越える単電池が検出された場合、この単電池を含むセルコントローラブロックで単電池の電圧検出を行い、この第1の閾値を越えた単電池を特定する。この特定された特定単電池の電圧検出を連続的または速い周期で実行し、バッテリコントローラ内のソフトウエアで規定される単電池の不可逆劣化電圧である第2の閾値に到達することのないように前記単電池の充電状態をB/C110において制御する構成の組電池用制御装置としている。
103:トランスミッション 104:駆動電動機/インバータ
105:ファイナルギヤ 106:エンジンコントローラ
107:発電機/インバータコントローラ
108:組電池 109:セルコントローラ
110:バッテリコントローラ 111:車両コントローラ
112:駆動電動機コントローラ 113:駆動力伝達軸
114:電力伝達線 115:制御線
401:単電池電圧検出手段 402:過放電検出手段
403:過充電検出手段 404:電流バイパス手段
405:A/D変換部 406:OR回路
407:OR回路 508:電圧比較器
Claims (6)
- 内燃機関と電動機とを原動機として搭載したハイブリッド車両であって、
車両の内燃機関始動用電動機に接続されて、該内燃機関始動用電動機に電力を供給可能な、複数の単電池を接続して成る組電池の電池制御装置において、
前記各単電池の電圧を検出可能な電圧検出手段と、
内燃機関始動用電動機の作動前に、組電池を構成する複数の単電池のうち、内燃機関始動用電動機が作動した場合に、放電可能電力の限界値を示す過放電制限開始電圧になるまでの放電可能な電力を算出し、前記放電可能な電力が最も低い電力の単電池を電圧検出の対象単電池として特定する特定電池検出手段と、
前記特定電池検出手段により電圧検出の対象単電池と特定された前記単電池の電圧を、前記内燃機関始動用電動機の作動時に、前記電圧検出手段で検出し、前記電圧検出手段によって検出された単電池電圧が、予め定められた閾値電圧以下となった場合に前記組電池から内燃機関始動用電動機に供給する電力を制限する供給電力制限手段と、を備えたことを特徴とする組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記放電可能な電力は、前記特定された単電池の開放電圧と、当該時点以前の走行中に負荷電流から算出された内部抵抗値と、前記過放電制限開始電圧とから算出されることを特徴とする組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の組電池の制御装置は、予め測定されている温度と内部抵抗との相互関係についてのマップを内蔵しており、
前記組電池には温度を検出するための温度検出手段が装着されており、
前記温度と内部抵抗との相互関係のマップにより前記温度検出手段で検出された温度に基づいて前記特定電池の内部抵抗値を補正する内部抵抗値補正手段を有することを特徴とする組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項2または3に記載の組電池の制御装置において、
前記特定された単電池に対する充電状態制御のための電圧閾値は、エンジンの作動中または始動時等の車両状態、および電池温度等の電池状態の単独または組み合わせによって設定され、
電池温度が予め定められた温度よりも低い場合は、過放電を検出し、出力電力を抑制する電圧閾値および出力を禁止する電圧閾値を、電池温度が予め定められた値以上となっている通常状態の場合よりも低く設定し、
電池温度が予め定められた温度よりも高い場合は、前記算出された内部抵抗と電池温度とから前記特定された単電池の制限下限の充電状態における想定内部抵抗を算出し、該想定内部抵抗を用いて電池出力の最大値を推定し、これにより制限開始電圧閾値を決定することを特徴とする組電池の制御装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4の何れかに記載の組電池の制御装置において、
イグニションスイッチをオンした後の最初の内燃機関始動後における内燃機関停止は、イグニションスイッチをオフにする場合を除き、電池温度が予め設定された温度以上となるまで許可しないことを特徴とする組電池の制御装置。 - 内燃機関と電動機とを原動機として搭載したハイブリッド車両であって、
車両の内燃機関始動用電動機に接続されて、該内燃機関始動用電動機に電力を供給可能な、複数の単電池を接続して成る組電池の電池制御装置において、
前記各単電池の電圧を検出可能な電圧検出手段と、
内燃機関始動用電動機の作動前に、組電池を構成する複数の単電池のうち、内燃機関始動用電動機が作動した場合に最低電圧になると推定される単電池を電圧検出の対象単電池として特定する特定電池検出手段と、
前記特定電池検出手段により電圧検出の対象単電池と特定された前記単電池の電圧を、前記内燃機関始動用電動機の作動時に、前記電圧検出手段で検出し、前記電圧検出手段によって検出された単電池電圧が、予め定められた閾値電圧以下となった場合に前記組電池から内燃機関始動用電動機に供給する電力を制限する供給電力制限手段と、を備え、
組電池を構成する全単電池の過放電または過充電検出状態において、過放電または過充電の状態となり放電電力制限開始電圧となる第1の閾値から外れる単電池が検出された場合、該単電池を含むセルコントローラまたはコントローラブロックで該単電池の電圧検出を行い、当該閾値を越えた単電池を特定し、
前記特定された特定単電池の電圧検出を連続的または放電による単電池の電圧低下よりも短い短周期で実行し、バッテリコントローラ内のソフトウエアで規定される単電池の不可逆劣化電圧である第2の閾値に到達することのないように前記単電池の充電状態を制御する出力電力制御手段を有することを特徴とする組電池の制御装置。
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