CN107075140B - 阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物及其模塑制品 - Google Patents
阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物及其模塑制品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物及其模塑制品,具体而言,提供了具有优异的耐热性和抗冲击性以及改善的阻燃性的聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物,以及由该聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物形成的模塑制品。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在韩国知识产权局于2014年12月4日提交的韩国专利申请10-2014-0173005和2015年12月3日提交的韩国专利申请10-2015-0171776的优先权和权益,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物及其模塑制品。
更具体而言,本发明涉及一种具有优异的耐热性和抗冲击性以及改善的阻燃性的聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物及其模塑制品。
背景技术
聚碳酸酯树脂是通过芳族二醇如双酚A与碳酸酯前体如光气的缩合-聚合形成的热塑性树脂,并具有优异的冲击强度、尺寸稳定性、耐热性和透明性。因此,聚碳酸酯树脂具有宽范围用途的应用,如电气和电子产品的外部材料、汽车组件、建筑材料和光学组件。
近来,为了将这些聚碳酸酯树脂应用于更多样的领域,已经进行了许多研究以通过共聚合两种或更多种具有彼此不同的结构的芳族二醇化合物并向聚碳酸酯的主链中引入具有不同结构的单体来获得所需的物理性质。
特别地,已经进行了向聚碳酸酯的主链中引入聚硅氧烷结构的研究。但是,这些技术大多数具有如下缺点,由于高生产成本导致经济效率变差,并且当改善聚碳酸酯树脂的耐化学性或冲击强度时,YI(黄度指数)等等变差。
同时,一般的聚碳酸酯树脂具有低劣的阻燃性,对应于根据UL 94V Test(垂直燃烧试验)的V-2等级。但是,电气和电子产品的外部材料、汽车组件等等通常需要V-O等级的高阻燃性。因此,为了制造满足V-O等级的高阻燃性的聚碳酸酯类树脂产品,应当使用阻燃剂。
通常,应用于聚碳酸酯类树脂的阻燃剂包括溴类阻燃剂、金属盐阻燃剂、磷类阻燃剂等等。其中,溴类阻燃剂被归类为环境激素和致癌物质,使得溴类阻燃剂的使用受到限制。具有优异阻燃性的磷类阻燃剂因其成本得到最大量的采用。
但是,当应用阻燃剂时,聚碳酸酯类树脂的抗冲击性和耐热性相对劣化,使得所需要的阻燃剂的量受到限制。因此,目前仍存在以下限制:需要在适当水平下的阻燃性与其它物理性质之间找到平衡,同时确保聚碳酸酯类树脂的阻燃性。
如上所述,迫切需要同时改善与聚碳酸酯类树脂的阻燃性存在权衡关系的其它物理性质的技术。发明背景部分公开的上述信息仅用于增强对本发明的背景的理解,因此其可能含有在本国内对本领域普通技术人员已知的不构成现有技术的信息。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明已经试图提供一种具有优异的耐热性和抗冲击性以及改善的阻燃性的聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物。
此外,本发明已经试图提供一种由所述聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物形成的模塑制品。
技术方案
本发明的示例性实施方案提供了一种阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物,包含:
含有芳族聚碳酸酯类第一重复单元的聚碳酸酯树脂;
含有所述芳族聚碳酸酯类第一重复单元和一种或多种具有硅氧烷键的芳族聚碳酸酯类第二重复单元的共聚碳酸酯树脂;和
有机金属盐类阻燃剂,
其中,所述第一重复单元各自独立地包括由下面化学式1表示的重复单元,和
所述第二重复单元包括由下面化学式3表示的重复单元:
[化学式1]
其中,在化学式1中,
R1至R4各自独立地为氢、C1-10烷基、C1-10烷氧基或卤素,
Z是未被取代的或被苯基取代的C1-10亚烷基、未被取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的C3-15亚环烷基、O、S、SO、SO2或CO;
[化学式3]
其中,在化学式3中,
X2各自独立地为C1-10亚烷基,
Y1各自独立地为氢、C1-6烷基、卤素、羟基、C1-6烷氧基或C6-20芳基,
R6各自独立地为氢、未被取代的或被环氧乙烷基、环氧乙烷基取代的C1-10烷氧基、或C6-20芳基取代的C1-15烷基;卤素;C1-10烷氧基;烯丙基;C1-10卤代烷基;或C6-20芳基,且
n2是10至200的整数。
本发明的另一实施方案提供由所述阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物形成的模塑制品。
下面,更详细地描述根据本发明的特定示例性实施方案的阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物及其模塑制品。
本说明书中使用的技术术语意在描述特定的示例性实施方案,但是不应解释为限制本发明。
此外,本文中使用的单数形式包括复数形式,除非该短语具有明显相反的含义。
此外,本说明书中使用的“包括”或“含有”规定了特定的特性、区域、整数、步骤、操作、要素或组分,但是其不排除增加其它特定的特性、区域、整数、步骤、操作、要素或组分。
此外,在本说明书中包括序号如“第一”、“第二”等等的术语用于区分一个构成要素与其它构成要素,并且不受该序号的限制。例如,在本发明的范围内,第一构成要素可以被称为第二构成要素,并且类似于此,该第二构成要素可以被称为第一构成要素。
I.聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物
根据本发明的示例性实施方案,提供一种阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物,包含:
含有芳族聚碳酸酯类第一重复单元的聚碳酸酯树脂;
含有所述芳族聚碳酸酯类第一重复单元和一种或多种具有硅氧烷键的芳族聚碳酸酯类第二重复单元的共聚碳酸酯树脂;和
有机金属盐类阻燃剂,
其中,每个第一重复单元独立地包括由下面化学式1表示的重复单元,和
所述第二重复单元包括由下面化学式3表示的重复单元:
[化学式1]
其中,在化学式1中,
R1至R4各自独立地为氢、C1-10烷基、C1-10烷氧基或卤素,
Z是未被取代的或被苯基取代的C1-10亚烷基、未被取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的C3-15亚环烷基、O、S、SO、SO2或CO;
[化学式3]
其中,在化学式3中,
X2各自独立地为C1-10亚烷基,
Y1各自独立地为氢、C1-6烷基、卤素、羟基、C1-6烷氧基或C6-20芳基,
R6各自独立地为氢、未被取代的或被环氧乙烷基、环氧乙烷基取代的C1-10烷氧基、或C6-20芳基取代的C1-15烷基;卤素;C1-10烷氧基;烯丙基;C1-10卤代烷基;或C6-20芳基,且
n2是10至200的整数。
作为本发明人连续研究的结果,已经证实,将特定的硅氧烷键引入聚碳酸酯的主链中的共聚碳酸酯树脂能够补充聚碳酸酯树脂的物理性质,以具有特别显著改善的耐热性和冲击强度。
特别地,可以证实,所述共聚碳酸酯树脂可以使由于添加有机金属盐类阻燃剂使该树脂组合物的物理性质的劣化最小化,使得能够提供根据UL 94V Test具有V-O等级的高阻燃性并同时具有优异的耐热性和抗冲击性的聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物。
在下文中更详细地描述可以包含在本发明的示例性实施方案的阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物中的组分。
(1)聚碳酸酯树脂
该聚碳酸酯树脂是包含在所述聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物中的基础树脂,并包括芳族聚碳酸酯类第一重复单元。
具体而言,所述芳族聚碳酸酯类第一重复单元通过二醇化合物与碳酸酯前体的反应形成,并优选可以包括由下面化学式1表示的重复单元:
[化学式1]
其中,在化学式1中,
R1至R4各自独立地为氢、C1-10烷基、C1-10烷氧基或卤素,和
Z是未被取代的或被苯基取代的C1-10亚烷基、未被取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的C3-15亚环烷基、O、S、SO、SO2或CO。
在化学式1中,优选地,R1至R4各自独立地为氢、甲基、氯或溴。
此外,优选地,Z是未被取代的或被苯基取代的直链或支链的C1-10亚烷基,更优选为亚甲基、乙烷-1,1-二基、丙烷-2,2-二基、丁烷-2,2-二基、1-苯基乙烷-1,1-二基或二苯基亚甲基。
此外,优选地,Z是环己烷-1,1-二基、O、S、SO、SO2或CO。
作为非限制性实例,化学式1表示的重复单元可以衍生自一种或多种芳族二醇化合物,其选自双(4-羟基苯基)甲烷、双(4-羟基苯基)醚、双(4-羟基苯基)砜、双(4-羟基苯基)亚砜、双(4-羟基苯基)硫醚、双(4-羟基苯基)甲酮、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)乙烷、双酚A、2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丁烷、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)环己烷、2,2-双(4-羟基-3,5-二溴苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基-3,5-二氯苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基-3-溴苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基-3-氯苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)丙烷、1,1-双(4-羟基苯基)-1-苯基乙烷、双(4-羟基苯基)二苯基甲烷和α,ω-双[3-(邻羟基苯基)丙基]聚二甲基硅氧烷。
如本文中所用,“衍生自芳族二醇化合物”是指芳族二醇化合物的羟基基团与碳酸酯前体反应以形成化学式1表示的重复单元。
作为非限制性实例,当双酚A(即芳族二醇化合物)与三光气(即碳酸酯前体)聚合时,化学式1表示的重复单元可以由下面化学式1-1表示:
[化学式1-1]
作为碳酸酯前体,可以使用选自碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二丁酯、碳酸二环己酯、碳酸二苯酯、碳酸二甲苯酯、碳酸二(氯苯基)酯、碳酸二间甲酚酯、碳酸二萘酯、碳酸二(联苯基)酯、光气、三光气、双光气、溴光气和双卤甲酸酯的至少一种。优选可以使用三光气或光气。
聚碳酸酯树脂可以具有1,000至100,000克/摩尔、优选5,000至50,000克/摩尔的重均分子量。更优选地,该重均分子量(克/摩尔)为1,000以上,5,000以上,10,000以上,21,000以上,22,000以上,23,000以上,24,000以上,25,000以上,26,000以上,27,000以上,或28,000以上。此外,重均分子量为100,000以下,50,000以下,34,000以下,33,000以下,或32,000以下。
此外,聚碳酸酯树脂根据ASTM D1238(300℃和1.2千克载荷)可以优选具有5克/10分钟至25克/10分钟的熔体指数(MI)以稳定地显示所述组合物的物理性质。
特别地,更优选的是该聚碳酸酯树脂可以包含两种或更多种各自具有不同熔体指数(MI)的聚碳酸酯树脂以稳定地显示所述组合物的物理性质。例如,当在所述聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物中包含两种各自具有不同熔体指数(MI)的聚碳酸酯树脂时,一种聚碳酸酯树脂可以优选具有5克/10分钟至15克/10分钟的熔体指数(MI),另一种聚碳酸酯树脂可以优选具有16克/10分钟至25克/10分钟的熔体指数(MI)。
例如,当在所述聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物中包含这两种各自具有不同熔体指数(MI)的聚碳酸酯树脂(第一聚碳酸酯树脂和第二聚碳酸酯树脂)时,基于100重量份的第一聚碳酸酯树脂,具有比第一聚碳酸酯树脂更大的熔体指数的第二聚碳酸酯树脂可以优选具有150至350重量份的量以具有上述效果。
优选地,基于100重量份的第一聚碳酸酯树脂,第二聚碳酸酯树脂可以具有150重量份或更大、或160重量份或更大、或170重量份或更大的量。此外,基于100重量份的第一聚碳酸酯树脂,第二聚碳酸酯树脂可以具有350重量份或更小、或300重量份或更小、或290重量份或更小、285重量份或更小的量。
(2)共聚碳酸酯树脂
该共聚碳酸酯树脂是为了改善上述聚碳酸酯树脂的物理性质,特别是耐热性和冲击强度而加入的组分,并包括芳族聚碳酸酯类第一重复单元和一种或多种具有硅氧烷键的芳族聚碳酸酯类第二重复单元。
也就是说,该共聚碳酸酯树脂与上述聚碳酸酯树脂的区别在于将聚硅氧烷结构引入聚碳酸酯的主链中。
[第一重复单元]
具体而言,芳族聚碳酸酯类第一重复单元通过二醇化合物与碳酸酯前体的反应形成,并优选可以包括由化学式1表示的上述重复单元:
[化学式1]
其中,在化学式1中,
R1至R4各自独立地为氢、C1-10烷基、C1-10烷氧基或卤素,和
Z是未被取代的或被苯基取代的C1-10亚烷基、未被取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的C3-15亚环烷基、O、S、SO、SO2或CO。
在这里,R1至R4和Z可以具有与对应于所述聚碳酸酯树脂中包含的上述重复单元的基团相同或不同的结构。
作为非限制性实例,当双酚A(即芳族二醇化合物)与三光气(即碳酸酯前体)聚合时,化学式1表示的重复单元可以由下面化学式1-1表示:
[化学式1-1]
作为碳酸酯前体,可以使用选自碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二丁酯、碳酸二环己酯、碳酸二苯酯、碳酸二甲苯酯、碳酸二(氯苯基)酯、碳酸二间甲酚酯、碳酸二萘酯、碳酸二(联苯基)酯、光气、三光气、双光气、溴光气和双卤甲酸酯的至少一种。优选可以使用三光气或光气。
[第二重复单元]
同时,具有硅氧烷键的聚碳酸酯类第二重复单元通过至少一种硅氧烷化合物与碳酸酯前体的反应形成,并优选可以包括由下面化学式3表示的重复单元:
[化学式3]
其中,在化学式3中,
X2各自独立地为C1-10亚烷基,
Y1各自独立地为氢、C1-6烷基、卤素、羟基、C1-6烷氧基或C6-20芳基,
R6各自独立地为氢;未被取代的或被环氧乙烷基、环氧乙烷基取代的C1-10烷氧基、或C6-20芳基取代的C1-15烷基;卤素;C1-10烷氧基;烯丙基;C1-10卤代烷基;或C6-20芳基,且
n2是10至200的整数。
在化学式3中,优选地,X2各自独立地为C2-10亚烷基,更优选C2-6亚烷基,最优选亚异丁基。
优选地,在化学式3中,Y1可以是氢。
在化学式3中,R6各自独立地可以为氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、3-苯基丙基、2-苯基丙基、3-(环氧乙烷基甲氧基)丙基、氟、氯、溴、碘、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、烯丙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、苯基或萘基。
此外,优选地,R6各自独立地可以为C1-10烷基,更优选C1-6烷基,再更优选C1-3烷基,最优选甲基。
在化学式3中,n2是10至200的整数,优选可以为i)30至60的整数,ii)20或更大,25或更大,30或更大,40或更小,或35或更小的整数,或iii)50或更大,55或更大,70或更小,65或更小,或60或更小的整数。
例如,由化学式3表示的重复单元可以由下面化学式3-1表示:
[化学式3-1]
其中,在化学式3-1中,
R6和n2分别与上述化学式3中先前所定义的相同。
此外,根据本发明的示例性实施方案,第二重复单元还可以包括由下面化学式2表示的重复单元:
[化学式2]
其中,在化学式2中,
X1各自独立地为C1-10亚烷基,
R5各自独立地为氢;未被取代的或被环氧乙烷基、环氧乙烷基取代的C1-10烷氧基、或C6-20芳基取代的C1-15烷基;卤素;C1-10烷氧基;烯丙基;C1-10卤代烷基;或C6-20芳基,且
n1是10至200的整数。
在化学式2中,X1各自独立地为C2-10亚烷基,优选C2-4亚烷基,更优选丙烷-1,3-二基。
进一步包括由化学式2表示的重复单元作为第二重复单元的共聚碳酸酯能够使包含该共聚碳酸酯的聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物具有更加改善的耐热性和抗冲击性。
在化学式2中,R5各自独立地可以为氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、3-苯基丙基、2-苯基丙基、3-(环氧乙烷基甲氧基)丙基、氟、氯、溴、碘、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、烯丙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、苯基或萘基。
此外,优选地,R5各自独立地为C1-10烷基,更优选C1-6烷基,再更优选C1-3烷基,最优选甲基。
在化学式2中,n1是10至200的整数,优选可以为i)30至60的整数,ii)20以上,25以上,30以上,40以下,或35以下的整数,或iii)50以上,55以上,70以下,65以下,或60以下的整数。
例如,由化学式2表示的重复单元可以由下面化学式2-1表示:
[化学式2-1]
其中,在化学式2-1中,
R5和n1分别与上述化学式2中先前所定义的相同。
优选地,第二重复单元可以包括选自化学式2表示的重复单元和化学式3表示的重复单元中的至少两种重复单元。
更优选地,第二重复单元包括由下面化学式2表示的重复单元和由下面化学式3表示的重复单元。
可以证实当包含由化学式2和3表示的重复单元中的至少两种重复单元时,室温冲击强度、低温冲击强度以及流动性的改善得到了显著提高,这是由于物理性质的改善通过各重复单元互补地起作用而导致的。
本文中所用的“至少两种重复单元”指的是至少两种各自具有不同结构的重复单元,或至少两种各自具有相同的结构但是在化学式2和3的结构中具有不同的氧化硅重复单元数(n1或n2)的重复单元。
例如,本发明中使用的“至少两种重复单元”指的是包括i)一种化学式2表示的重复单元和一种化学式3表示的重复单元,ii)一种化学式2表示的重复单元和另一种化学式2表示的重复单元,或iii)一种化学式3表示的重复单元和另一种化学式3表示的重复单元。
在这些实例中,包括i)一种化学式2表示的重复单元和一种化学式3表示的重复单元的实例是最优选的。
在包括至少两种重复单元的各种情况下,所述至少两种重复单元的重量比可以为1:99至99:1。
优选地,所述至少两种重复单元的重量比可以为3:97至97:3、5:95至95:5、10:90至90:10或15:85至85:15,更优选20:80至80:20。
化学式2表示的重复单元和化学式3表示的重复单元可以分别衍生自下面化学式2-2表示的硅氧烷化合物和下面化学式3-2表示的硅氧烷化合物:
[化学式2-2]
其中,在化学式2-2中,
X1、R5和n1分别与上述化学式2中先前所定义的相同,
[化学式3-2]
其中,在化学式3-2中,
X2、Y1、R6和n2分别与上述化学式3中先前所定义的相同。
本文中所用的“衍生自硅氧烷化合物”指的是各硅氧烷化合物的羟基基团与碳酸酯前体反应以分别形成化学式2表示的重复单元和化学式3表示的重复单元。
此外,可以用于形成化学式2和3表示的重复单元的碳酸酯前体的描述与上文所述的用于形成化学式1表示的重复单元的碳酸酯前体所描述的那些相同。
此外,化学式2-2表示的化合物和化学式3-2表示的化合物可以分别通过反应图式1和2来制备。
[反应图式1]
其中,在反应图式1中,
X1a是C2-10烯基,和
X1、R5和n1分别与上述化学式2中先前所定义的相同;和
[反应图式2]
其中,在反应图式2中,
X2a是C2-10烯基,和
X2、Y1、R6和n2分别与上述化学式3中先前所定义的相同。
在反应图式1和反应图式2中,该反应优选在金属催化剂的存在下进行。
作为金属催化剂,优选使用铂(Pt)催化剂。Pt催化剂可以包括选自Ashby催化剂、Karstedt催化剂、Lamoreaux催化剂、Speier催化剂、PtCl2(COD)、PtCl2(苄腈)2和H2PtBr6的至少一种。
基于100重量份的化学式11、13或15表示的化合物,金属催化剂可以具有0.001重量份以上、0.005重量份以上、或0.01重量份以上和1重量份以下、0.1重量份以下、或0.05重量份以下的量。
此外,反应温度优选为80℃至100℃。
此外,反应时间优选为1至5小时。
此外,在反应图式1和2中,化学式C2或C4表示的化合物可以通过有机二硅氧烷和有机环硅氧烷在酸催化剂存在下的反应来制备,并且可以通过控制反应物质的量来控制n1和n2。
反应温度优选为50℃至70℃。
此外,反应时间优选为1至6小时。
作为有机二硅氧烷,可以使用选自四甲基二硅氧烷、四苯基二硅氧烷、六甲基二硅氧烷和六苯基二硅氧烷的至少一种。
此外,作为有机环硅氧烷,例如可以使用有机环四硅氧烷。有机环四硅氧烷的实例可以包括八甲基环四硅氧烷、八苯基环四硅氧烷等等。
基于100重量份的有机环硅氧烷,有机二硅氧烷可以具有0.1重量份以上、或2重量份以上,和10重量份以下、或8重量份以下的量。
作为酸催化剂,可以使用选自H2SO4、HClO4、AlCl3、SbCl5、SnCl4和酸性粘土的至少一种。
此外,基于100重量份的有机环硅氧烷,酸催化剂可以具有0.1重量份以上、0.5重量份以上、或1重量份以上,和10重量份以下、5重量份以下、或3重量份以下的量。
可以通过控制化学式2和3表示的重复单元的量来改善该共聚碳酸酯树脂的物理性质。
这里,重复单元的重量比对应于用于聚合该共聚碳酸酯的硅氧烷化合物的重量比,例如,由化学式2-2和3-2表示的硅氧烷化合物的重量比。
[共聚碳酸酯树脂的组成和制造方法]
在该共聚碳酸酯树脂中,所述芳族聚碳酸酯类第一重复单元和一种或多种具有硅氧烷键的芳族聚碳酸酯类第二重复单元的摩尔比可以是1:0.0001至1:0.01、或1:0.0005至1:0.008、或1:0.001至1:0.006,并且所述芳族聚碳酸酯类第一重复单元和一种或多种具有硅氧烷键的芳族聚碳酸酯类第二重复单元的重量比可以为1:0.001至1:1、或1:0.005至1:0.1、或1:0.01至1:0.03。
此外,该共聚碳酸酯树脂可以包含90重量%至99.999重量%的第一重复单元和0.001重量%至10重量%的第二重复单元。
也就是说,当过度降低第二重复单元的量时,难以充分实现第二重复单元所带来的物理性质,如室温冲击强度、低温冲击强度和流动性的改善。
同时,当过度提高第二重复单元的量时,在过度提高该共聚碳酸酯树脂的分子量的同时,可能降低流动性和模塑加工性。
此外,该共聚碳酸酯树脂可以具有1,000至100,000克/摩尔、优选5,000至50,000克/摩尔的重均分子量。
在该重均分子量的范围内,可以确保共聚碳酸酯树脂的适当的延性和适当的YI。
更优选地,重均分子量(克/摩尔)为1,000以上,5,000以上,10,000以上,21,000以上,22,000以上,23,000以上,24,000以上,25,000以上,26,000以上,27,000以上,或28,000以上。
此外,重均分子量(克/摩尔)为100,000以下,50,000以下,34,000以下,33,000以下,或32,000以下。
共聚碳酸酯树脂的量可以根据试图在该组合物中控制的物理性质而变化。
例如,基于100重量份的聚碳酸酯树脂,共聚碳酸酯树脂可以具有10重量份至100重量份的量。
优选地,共聚碳酸酯树脂的量为10重量份以上,15重量份以上,或18重量份以上。
此外,共聚碳酸酯树脂的量为100重量份以下,或75重量份以下,或60重量份以下,或55重量份以下,或45重量份以下,或30重量份以下。
也就是说,为了具有改善物理性质的效果,基于100重量份的聚碳酸酯树脂,共聚碳酸酯树脂可以优选具有10重量份以上,或15重量份以上,或18重量份以上的量。
同时,当过量加入该共聚碳酸酯时,组合物的透明性可能降低,改善耐热性和冲击强度的效果可能达到阈值,或可能降低。
因此,基于100重量份的聚碳酸酯树脂,共聚碳酸酯树脂的含量优选为100重量份以下,或75重量份以下,或60重量份以下,或55重量份以下,或45重量份以下,或30重量份以下。
同时,根据本发明的示例性实施方案,可以通过使用上述芳族二醇化合物、碳酸酯前体和至少一种硅氧烷化合物来制备共聚碳酸酯树脂。
在使所述化合物聚合时,基于芳族二醇化合物、碳酸酯前体和至少一种硅氧烷化合物总计为100重量%,所述至少一种硅氧烷化合物可以具有0.1重量%以上,0.5重量%以上,1重量%以上,或1.5重量%以上和20重量%以下,10重量%以下,7重量%以下,5重量%以下,4重量%以下,3重量%以下,或2重量%以下的量。
此外,基于芳族二醇化合物、碳酸酯前体和至少一种硅氧烷化合物总计为100重量%,芳族二醇化合物可以具有40重量%以上,50重量%以上,或55重量%以上和80重量%以下,70重量%以下,或65重量%以下的量。
此外,基于芳族二醇化合物、碳酸酯前体和至少一种硅氧烷化合物总计为100重量%,碳酸酯前体可以具有10重量%以上,20重量%以上,或30重量%以上和60重量%以下,50重量%以下,或40重量%以下的量。
此外,作为聚合方法,界面聚合法可以用做一个实例。在这种情况下,该聚合反应可以在低温下在大气压下进行,并可以容易地控制分子量。
界面聚合可以优选在酸结合剂和有机溶剂的存在下进行。
此外,界面聚合可以包括例如进行预聚合,随后加入偶联剂并再次进行聚合的步骤。在这种情况下,可以获得具有高分子量的共聚碳酸酯。
用于界面聚合的物质没有特殊限制,只要它们可以用于聚碳酸酯的聚合中即可。其用量可以按需调节。
酸结合剂可以包括例如碱金属氢氧化物,如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等等,或胺化合物如吡啶等等。
有机溶剂没有特殊限制,只要其是通常用于聚碳酸酯的聚合中的溶剂即可。作为一个实例,可以使用卤代烃,如二氯甲烷、氯苯等等。
此外,在界面聚合过程中,可以进一步使用反应促进剂来加速该反应,所述反应促进剂例如叔胺化合物如三乙胺、四正丁基溴化铵、四正丁基溴化鏻等等、季铵化合物、季鏻化合物等等。
在界面聚合中,反应温度可以优选为0至40℃,反应时间可以优选为10分钟至5小时。
此外,在界面聚合反应过程中,pH可以优选保持在9或更大,或11或更大。
此外,界面聚合反应可以通过进一步包含分子量调节剂来进行。
分子量调节剂可以在聚合引发之前、在聚合引发过程中、或在聚合引发之后加入。
作为分子量调节剂,可以使用单烷基酚。作为一个实例,该单烷基酚是选自对叔丁基酚、对枯基酚、癸基酚、十二烷基酚、十四烷基酚、十六烷基酚、十八烷基酚、二十烷基酚、二十二烷基酚和三十烷基酚的至少一种。优选地,单烷基酚可以是对叔丁基酚,在这种情况下,调节分子量的效果非常好。
基于100重量份的芳族二醇化合物,分子量调节剂可以具有0.01重量份以上,0.1重量份以上,或1重量份以上和10重量份以下,6重量份以下,或5重量份以下的量。在上述范围内,可以获得所需分子量。
(3)阻燃剂
根据本发明的示例性实施方案的聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物包含阻燃剂。
优选地,阻燃剂可以是有机金属盐类阻燃剂。
具体而言,有机金属盐类阻燃剂可以是选自磺酸碱金属盐和磺酸碱土金属盐中的至少一种化合物。
例如,碱金属的实例可以包括锂、钠、钾、铷和铯;并且碱土金属的实例可以包括铍、镁、钙、锶和钡。
作为非限制性实例,有机金属盐类阻燃剂可以优选是全氟烷基磺酸碱金属盐。
具体而言,全氟烷基磺酸碱金属盐可以是选自三氟甲磺酸钙、全氟丁磺酸钾、全氟己磺酸钾、全氟辛磺酸钾、五氟乙磺酸钠、全氟丁磺酸钠、全氟辛磺酸钠、三氟甲磺酸锂、全氟丁磺酸锂、全氟庚磺酸锂、三氟甲磺酸铯、全氟丁磺酸铯、全氟辛磺酸铯、全氟己磺酸铯、全氟丁磺酸铷和全氟己磺酸铷中的至少一种化合物。
其中,全氟丁磺酸钾可以特别优选使用。
同时,基于100重量份的聚碳酸酯树脂,阻燃剂的含量可以为0.01重量份至10重量份。
优选地,基于100重量份的聚碳酸酯树脂,阻燃剂可以具有0.01重量份以上,或0.05重量份以上,或0.1重量份以上的量。
此外,基于100重量份的聚碳酸酯树脂,阻燃剂可以具有10重量份以下,或5重量份以下,或3重量份以下,或1重量份以下的量。
也就是说,为了具有阻燃性,基于100重量份的聚碳酸酯树脂,阻燃剂可以具有0.01重量份以上,或0.05重量份以上,或0.1重量份以上的量。
同时,当过量加入阻燃剂时,树脂组合物的耐热性和机械物理性质可能快速劣化,因此,基于100重量份的聚碳酸酯树脂,磷酸酯类阻燃剂优选具有10重量份以下,或5重量份以下,或3重量份以下,或1重量份以下的量。
此外,优选将阻燃剂的量控制在由于添加共聚碳酸酯而改善耐热性和冲击强度的效果没有受到抑制的范围内。
具体而言,基于100重量份的共聚碳酸酯树脂,阻燃剂的含量可以为0.1重量份至10重量份。
优选地,基于100重量份的共聚碳酸酯树脂,阻燃剂可以具有0.1重量份以上,或0.5重量份以上的量。
此外,基于100重量份的共聚碳酸酯树脂,阻燃剂可以具有10重量份以下,或5重量份以下,或3重量份以下,或1重量份以下的量。
(4)其它组分
根据本发明的示例性实施方案的阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物还可以根据需要包含添加剂,例如冲击改性剂,如甲基丙烯酸酯/丁二烯/苯乙烯(MBS)共聚物或丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯(ABS)共聚物;防滴落剂如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE);表面活性剂;成核剂;偶联剂;填料;增塑剂;润滑剂;抗菌剂;脱模剂;热稳定剂;抗氧化剂;UV稳定剂;增容剂;着色剂;抗静电剂;颜料;染料;阻燃剂等等。
添加剂的量可以根据试图在组合物中提供的物理性质而变化。
例如,基于100重量份的聚碳酸酯树脂,添加剂可以分别具有0.01重量份至10重量份的量。
同时,为了防止所述阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物由于包含所述添加剂使耐热性、冲击强度、阻燃性等等劣化,基于100重量份的聚碳酸酯树脂,添加剂的总量优选为20重量份以下,15重量份以下,或10重量份以下。
II.聚碳酸酯类树脂模塑制品
根据本发明的另一示例性实施方案,提供由上述阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物形成的模塑制品。
该模塑制品是通过挤出法、注塑法、浇铸法等等模塑用作原材料的上述聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物获得的产品。
模塑法或其条件可以根据模塑制品的种类适当地选择和控制。
作为非限制性实例,该模塑制品可以通过混合并将该聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物挤塑成丸粒,干燥并注塑该丸粒来获得。
特别地,该模塑制品可以由该聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物来形成,以具有根据UL 94VTest的V-O等级的高阻燃性,并同时具有优异的耐热性和冲击强度。
有益效果
根据本发明的聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物及其模塑制品具有根据UL 94V Test的V-O等级的高阻燃性,同时具有优异的耐热性和冲击强度。
具体实施方式
在下文中,为了更好地理解本发明,将提供本发明的优选实施例。但是,下面实施例仅为说明本发明而提供,并且不应解释为限制本发明。
制备实施例1
制备聚有机硅氧烷(AP-PDMS,n=34)
在将47.6克(160毫摩尔)的八甲基环四硅氧烷和2.4克(17.8毫摩尔)的四甲基二硅氧烷彼此混合后,将混合物放置在基于100重量份的八甲基环四硅氧烷含有1重量份的酸性粘土(DC-A3)的3升烧瓶中,并在60℃下反应4小时。在反应终止后,混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释并用硅藻土快速过滤。如上所述获得的未改性聚有机硅氧烷的重复单元数(n1)通过1HNMR证实为34。
将4.81克(35.9毫摩尔)的2-烯丙基酚和0.01克(50ppm)的Karstedt's铂催化剂加入到获得的末端未改性聚有机硅氧烷中并在90℃下反应3小时。在反应终止后,未反应的聚有机硅氧烷通过在120℃和1托的条件下蒸发除去。
如上所述获得的末端改性的聚有机硅氧烷被称为AP-PDMS n1=34。
该AP-PDMS是淡黄色的油,当使用Varian 500MHz通过1H NMR证实时,重复单元(n1)为34,无需进一步提纯。
制备实施例2
制备聚有机硅氧烷(MBHB-PDMS,n2=58)
在将47.60克(160毫摩尔)的八甲基环四硅氧烷和1.5克(11毫摩尔)的四甲基二硅氧烷彼此混合后,将混合物放置在基于100重量份的八甲基环四硅氧烷含有1重量份的酸性粘土(DC-A3)的3升烧瓶中,并在60℃下反应4小时。
在反应终止后,反应产物用乙酸乙酯稀释并用硅藻土快速过滤。
如上所述获得的末端未改性的聚有机硅氧烷的重复单元(n2)通过1H NMR证实为58。
将6.13克(29.7毫摩尔)的3-甲基-3-丁烯基4-羟基苯甲酸酯和0.01克(50ppm)的Karstedt's铂催化剂加入到获得的末端未改性聚有机硅氧烷中并在90℃下反应3小时。
在反应终止后,未反应的聚有机硅氧烷通过在120℃和1托的条件下蒸发除去。
如上所述获得的末端改性的聚有机硅氧烷被称为MBHB-PDMS n2=58。
该MBHB-PDMS是淡黄色的油,当使用Varian 500MHz通过1H NMR证实时,重复单元(n2)为58,无需进一步提纯。
制备实施例3
制备共聚碳酸酯树脂
将1784克水、385克NaOH和232克BPA(双酚A)加入到聚合反应器中,并在N2气氛下在混合的同时溶解。
将4.3克对叔丁基酚(PTBP)和4.72克通过制备实施例1制备的AP-PDMS n1=34与0.52克通过制备实施例2制备的MBHB-PDMS n2=58的混合溶液溶解在二氯甲烷(MC)中,并随后加入到上面制备的混合物中。
随后,将128克TPG(三光气)溶解在MC中,并将溶解的TPG溶液加入到该混合物中并反应1小时,同时保持pH在11或更高。在10分钟后,向其中加入46克TEA(三乙胺)以进行偶联反应。
在1小时20分钟的总反应时间后,通过将pH降低至pH 4除去TEA,随后通过用蒸馏水洗涤三遍将制得的聚合物的pH调节到pH6至7的中性。
获得的聚合物在甲醇和己烷的混合溶液中再沉淀,并在120℃下干燥以获得最终的共聚碳酸酯树脂(Mw=30,500)。
制备实施例4
(1)将1784克水、385克NaOH和232克BPA(双酚A)加入到聚合反应器中,并在N2气氛下在混合的同时溶解。
随后,将128克TPG(三光气)溶解在MC中,并将溶解的TPG溶液加入到该混合物中并反应1小时,同时保持pH在11或更高。在10分钟后,向其中加入46克TEA(三乙胺)以进行偶联反应。
在1小时20分钟的总反应时间后,通过将pH降低至pH 4除去TEA,随后通过用蒸馏水洗涤三遍将制得的聚合物的pH调节到pH6至7的中性。
获得的聚合物在甲醇和己烷的混合溶液中再沉淀,并在120℃下干燥以获得最终的聚碳酸酯树脂(Mw=31000;在300℃的温度和1.2千克的载荷下,MI=10克/10分钟)。
(2)将1784克水、385克NaOH和232克BPA(双酚A)加入到聚合反应器中,并在N2气氛下在混合的同时溶解。
随后,将128克TPG(三光气)溶解在MC中,并将溶解的TPG溶液加入到该混合物中并反应1小时,同时保持pH在11或更高。在10分钟后,向其中加入46克TEA(三乙胺)以进行偶联反应。
在1小时20分钟的总反应时间后,通过将pH降低至pH 4除去TEA,随后通过用蒸馏水洗涤三遍将制得的聚合物的pH调节到pH6至7的中性。
获得的聚合物在甲醇和己烷的混合溶液中再沉淀,并在120℃下干燥以获得最终的聚碳酸酯树脂(Mw=26000;在300℃的温度和1.2千克的载荷下,MI=22克/10分钟)。
实施例和对比例
通过按照下表1的组成加入各个组分,随后进行熔融和捏合挤出来制造丸粒。制得的丸粒在70℃下干燥6小时,接着注塑成型以制造用于评价物理性质的样品。
如下提供各实施例和对比例中使用的组分。
(A-1)制备实施例4的聚碳酸酯树脂(MI 10克/10分钟)
(A-2)制备实施例4的聚碳酸酯树脂(MI 22克/10分钟)
(B-1)制备实施例3的共聚碳酸酯树脂(PC 8000-05,LG Chem.)
(C-1)有机金属盐类阻燃剂(HX98,MITENI S.p.A.)
(C-2)有机磷类阻燃剂(FP-600,ADEKA Co.)
(C-3)有机磷类阻燃剂(PX-200,DAIHACHI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY Co.,Ltd.)
(D-1)冲击改性剂(MBS共聚物,EM505,LG Chem.)
(D-2)冲击改性剂(ABS共聚物,AT-05,NIPPON A&L)
(D-3)防滴落剂(PTFE,XFLON-G,POCERA Co.)
(D-4)抗氧化剂(SONGNOX 1076,SONGWON Co.)
(D-5)抗氧化剂(PEP-36,ADEKA Co.)
(D-6)润滑剂(Licowax E,CLARIANT)
(D-7)UV稳定剂(TINUVIN 329,BASF)
[表1]
测试实施例
通过下列方法测量由实施例和对比例的各组合物形成的各样品的物理性质,其结果显示在下表2中。
(1)冲击强度(IZOD):采用1/4英寸(缺口悬臂梁法kg·cm/cm)和1/8英寸(缺口悬臂梁法,kg·cm/cm)在23℃下根据ASTM D256测得。
(2)熔体指数(MI):根据ASTM D1238(在300℃和1.2千克的条件下)测得。
(3)抗张强度(TS)和拉伸长度(TE):根据ASTM D638(50毫米/分钟)测得。
(4)挠曲模量(FM)和挠曲强度(FS):根据ASTM D790(10毫米/分钟)测得。
(5)热变形温度(HDT):根据ASTM D648(18.5kgf,120℃/小时)测得。
(6)阻燃等级:根据UL 94V Test(垂直燃烧试验,1.6毫米)标准测得。
[表2]
如上表1中所示,可以证实的是,实施例1和2的聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物具有优异的耐热性和冲击强度,同时具有根据UL 94V Test的V-O等级的阻燃性。
Claims (12)
1.一种阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物,包含:
聚碳酸酯树脂,其含有芳族聚碳酸酯类第一重复单元;
共聚碳酸酯树脂,其含有芳族聚碳酸酯类第一重复单元和具有硅氧烷键的芳族聚碳酸酯类第二重复单元;和
有机金属盐类阻燃剂,
其中各第一重复单元独立地包括由下面化学式1表示的重复单元,并且
所述第二重复单元包括由下面化学式2表示的重复单元和由下面化学式3表示的重复单元:
[化学式1]
其中,在化学式1中,
R1至R4各自独立地为氢、C1-10烷基、C1-10烷氧基或卤素,
Z是未被取代的或被苯基取代的C1-10亚烷基、未被取代的或被C1-10烷基取代的C3-15亚环烷基、O、S、SO、SO2或CO;
[化学式2]
其中,在化学式2中,
各个X1独立地为C1-10亚烷基,
各个R5独立地为氢;未被取代的或被环氧乙烷基、环氧乙烷基取代的C1-10烷氧基、或C6-20芳基取代的C1-15烷基;卤素;C1-10烷氧基;烯丙基;C1-10卤代烷基;或C6-20芳基,
n1是10至200的整数;
[化学式3]
其中,在化学式3中,
各个X2独立地为C1-10亚烷基,
各个Y1独立地为氢、C1-6烷基、卤素、羟基、C1-6烷氧基或C6-20芳基,
各个R6独立地为氢;未被取代的或被环氧乙烷基、环氧乙烷基取代的C1-10烷氧基、或C6-20芳基取代的C1-15烷基;卤素;C1-10烷氧基;烯丙基;C1-10卤代烷基;或C6-20芳基,
n2是10至200的整数。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物,其中,所述聚碳酸酯树脂在300℃的温度和1.2千克的载荷下具有5克/10分钟至25克/10分钟的熔体指数(MI)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物,其中,所述聚碳酸酯树脂包含至少两种各自具有不同的熔体指数(MI)的聚碳酸酯树脂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物,其中,所述聚碳酸酯树脂基于100重量份的第一聚碳酸酯树脂包含150至350重量份的第二聚碳酸酯树脂,并且所述第二聚碳酸酯树脂的熔体指数大于第一聚碳酸酯树脂的熔体指数。
8.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物,其中,所述共聚碳酸酯树脂包含90重量%至99.999重量%的第一重复单元和0.001重量%至10重量%的第二重复单元。
9.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物,其中,所述聚碳酸酯树脂和所述共聚碳酸酯树脂的重均分子量分别为1,000克/摩尔至100,000克/摩尔。
10.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物,其中,所述有机金属盐类阻燃剂是选自磺酸碱金属盐和磺酸碱土金属盐中的至少一种化合物。
11.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物,其中,基于100重量份的所述聚碳酸酯树脂,该阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物包含:
10至100重量份的所述共聚碳酸酯树脂,和
0.01至10重量份的所述有机金属盐类阻燃剂。
12.由权利要求1所述的阻燃性聚碳酸酯类树脂组合物形成的模塑制品。
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WO2016089026A1 (ko) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-09 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 코폴리카보네이트 및 이를 포함하는 조성물 |
KR20160067714A (ko) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 코폴리카보네이트 및 이를 포함하는 물품 |
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