Hybrid War

Conflict resolution studies penetrate many areas of our lives. It cops with social and political interaction. Conflict of interest characterizes both individual and social groups. Some scientists claim that conflicts are an integral part of our lives as social creatures and therefore we must include them as a part of human nature development and progress. Others see that conflict is a temporary issue that will disappear with human future development progress. However, due to the different ontological approaches, there is the same ground for common points regarding the roots of conflicts they appear as ethnic, historical, political, economic, and many others. Beginning with the ancient Greek Philosophy and Mythology, through variable religious conceptions and ended with the newest research in philosophy, psychology, and political science. All of them questioned the nature of conflict and its resolution.
Many fields of human wisdom agreed in their vision, that conflicts are an integral part of human nature (Plato, 2002; Plato, 1971). Nowadays, social sciences and other fields of research see conflict as a process of synthesis among contradicting factors, much like merging materials in the exact sciences. More than that psychological approach supports these findings with the claim that conflicts are being a part of our unconscious human perceptions (Adler, 1936; Adler, 2010; Freud, 1962, 1965, 1921; Marx, Engels, 1848; Ropers, 2002). In contrast with the past century humanistic approach nowadays centrality has been perceived by realistic thinkers. This perception sets new aims to find methodological and empirical tools for measuring and understanding conflicts and its resolution.
Those concepts set as goals bring facts rather than giving a ruling concept or the perception of truth and justice. It is about investigating the phenomenon with various tools. Although a realistic approach provides an explanation and research tool, it is difficult to come up with solutions and sometimes it causes more complexibility in conflict. Therefore, the purpose of the present work is to choose a “third way” that presents a synthesis between realistic and idealistic conceptions as described in works of Pyotr Demianovich Ouspenskii, Nikolai Berdyaev, Emanuel Kant and many others (Berdyaev, 2002; Berdyaev, 2004; Ouspensky, 1922). There is no doubt that the current essay is not going to resolve or give pure answers, but extensive knowledge from multidisciplinary fields such as philosophy, social and natural sciences medicine, and psychology. The main goal of the integrated interdisciplinary approach is to provide a comprehensive and broad picture that will raise more questions than provide answers. In the breath of conception stands the assumption that conflicts are investigated as collision and as a phenomenon that requires interpretation. However, adherence is linked to creating reconciliation and transformation processes. Such perception appears in the works of great intellectuals such as Roberto Assagioli (1888- 1974), Italian psychiatrist and pioneer in the fields of humanistic and transpersonal psychology who discovers resolving human conflict as an individual, John Paul Lederach who explores group conflict and develops the basis for its transformation, Martin Liner, in his approach of creating learning groups on and many others. All of these settings as s central goal the understanding of conflict and its transformation into positive paths that will serve the good of the individual and the group. Therefore, this book presents those perceptions through qualitative and quantitative research, deep empirical and methodological understanding that serves the purpose of conflict transformation (CT) both on a personal and a group level. The review addresses and takes a source from the individual level through the psychosynthesis approach, and a group level through the perception of conflict transformation in Political and Social science research. The current work is co-creation of researchers from different fields in life and social sciences, medicine, clinical psychology, and philosophy. Such cooperation is set to form a foundation for further fertile research.

This study discusses salient trends demonstrated by contemporary warfare of these first years of our 21st Century. Using cogent examples drawn variously from conflicts of the Arab Spring, Libya, Syria, the Islamic State and Russian adventurism in South Ossetia, Crimea and
Eastern Ukraine, the authors demonstrate the application of Information Warfare, the practice of Hybrid Warfare, and offensive use of diplomacy, communications, economics and international law to obtain political and military advantages against the status quo states of the international
community.

The Russo-Ukrainian war that broke out in 2014 in the wake of Russia's annexation of Crimea continues to be all too rarely noticed in the West. Observers comment widely on the novel 'hybrid' character of warfare as developed and trialed by the Kremlin worldwide during the recent years, but pay scant attention to the Russian 'training ground' in eastern Ukraine. The article probes into the realities of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war, alongside the ideological underpinnings of the Kremlin's intervention and Ukraine's response to this attack. It appears that the Russian government adopted ethnolinguistic nationalism, typical of Central Europe, namely, that all Russian-speakers constitute the Russian nation, especially if their communities compactly inhabit areas directly bordering on the Russian Federation.