JP6636459B2 - 半導体構造と超格子とを用いた高度電子デバイス - Google Patents
半導体構造と超格子とを用いた高度電子デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP6636459B2 JP6636459B2 JP2016568023A JP2016568023A JP6636459B2 JP 6636459 B2 JP6636459 B2 JP 6636459B2 JP 2016568023 A JP2016568023 A JP 2016568023A JP 2016568023 A JP2016568023 A JP 2016568023A JP 6636459 B2 JP6636459 B2 JP 6636459B2
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Classifications
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- H01L33/04—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
- H01L33/06—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2014年5月27日に出願された、「Advanced Electronic Device Structures Using Semiconductor Structures and Superlattices」という名称の、オーストラリア仮特許出願第2014902008号の優先権を主張し、参照により、その全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
成長軸に沿って、極性結晶構造を有する半導体を成長させることであって、成長軸が、結晶構造の自然分極軸に実質的に平行である、成長させることと、
p型またはn型の伝導性を誘導するために、半導体の組成を、ワイダーバンドギャップ(WBG)物質からナロワーバンドギャップ(NBG)物質に、またはNBG物質からWBG物質に、成長軸に沿って単調に変えることと、を備える。
好適には、半導体の組成を変えることは、組成内の少なくとも2つの種類の金属原子陽イオンのうちの1つまたは複数のモル分率を、成長軸に沿って変えることを備える。
陽イオン−極性結晶構造を有する半導体を成長させ、半導体の組成を、WBG物質からNBG物質に、成長軸に沿って単調に変えること、または
陰イオン−極性結晶構造を有する半導体を成長させ、半導体の組成を、NBG物質からWBG物質に、成長軸に沿って単調に変えること、によって誘導される。
陽イオン−極性結晶構造を有する半導体を成長させ、半導体の組成を、NBG物質からWBG物質に、成長軸に沿って単調に変えること、または
陰イオン−極性結晶構造を有する半導体を成長させ、半導体の組成を、WBG物質からNBG物質に、成長軸に沿って単調に変えること、によって誘導される。
好適には、半導体の組成は、継続的な方法で、または段階的な方法で、成長軸に沿って変えられる。
適切には、半導体の組成は、以下の、窒化アルミニウムガリウム(AlxGa1−xN)、式中0≦x≦1と、窒化アルミニウムガリウムインジウム(AlxGayIn1−x−yN)、式中0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1、及び0≦(x+y)≦1と、酸化マグネシウム亜鉛(MgxZnx−1O)、式中0≦x≦1と、から選択される。
成長軸に沿って、極性結晶構造を有する超格子を成長させることであって、成長軸が、結晶構造の自然分極軸に実質的に平行である、成長させることと、
p型伝導率またはn型伝導率を誘導するために、超格子の単位格子の平均組成を、ワイダーバンドギャップ(WBG)物質に対応する平均組成からナロワーバンドギャップ(NBG)物質に対応する平均組成に、またはNBG物質に対応する平均組成からWBG物質に対応する平均組成に、成長軸に沿って、単調に変えることと、を備える。
陽イオン−極性結晶構造を有する超格子を成長させ、単位格子の平均組成を、WBG物質に対応する平均組成からNBG物質に対応する平均組成に、成長軸に沿って、単調に変えること、または
陰イオン−極性結晶構造を有する超格子を成長させ、単位格子の平均組成を、NBG物質に対応する平均組成からWBG物質に対応する平均組成に、成長軸に沿って、単調に変えること、によって誘導される。
陽イオン−極性結晶構造を有する超格子を成長させ、単位格子の平均組成を、NBG物質に対応する平均組成からWBG物質に対応する平均組成に、成長軸に沿って、単調に変えること、または
陰イオン−極性結晶構造を有する超格子を成長させ、単位格子の平均組成を、WBG物質に対応する平均組成からNBG物質に対応する平均組成に、成長軸に沿って、単調に変えること、によって誘導される。
好適には、単位格子の平均組成は、継続的な方法または段階的な方法で、成長軸に沿って、変えられる。
適切には、単位格子の少なくとも2つの異なる層のうちの1つまたは複数の組成物は、以下の、
窒化ガリウム(GaN)と、
窒化アルミニウム(AlN)と、
窒化アルミニウムガリウム(AlxGa1−xN)、式中0≦x≦1と、
窒化ホウ素アルミニウムBxAl1−xN、式中0≦x≦1と、
窒化アルミニウムガリウムインジウム(AlxGayIn1−x−yN)、式中0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1、及び0≦(x+y)≦1と、から選択される。
酸化マグネシウム(MgO)と、
酸化亜鉛(ZnO)と、
酸化マグネシウム亜鉛(MgxZn1−xO)、式中0≦x≦1と、から選択される。
成長軸に沿って、ワイダーバンドギャップ(WBG)n型領域とナロワーバンドギャップ(NBG)p型領域との間に、極性結晶構造を有する半導体構造を成長させることであって、極性結晶構造内では、自然分極軸が成長軸に平行であり、半導体構造が、組成を、WBGn型領域に隣接するワイダーバンドギャップ(WBG)物質から、NBGp型領域に隣接するナロワーバンドギャップ(NBG)物質に、単調に変える半導体を備える、成長させること、
を備える。
成長軸に沿って、ワイダーバンドギャップ(WBG)n型領域とナロワーバンドギャップ(NBG)p型領域との間に、実質的に単結晶半導体から形成された少なくとも2つの異なる層を各々が備える複数の単位格子を備える超格子を成長させることであって、超格子が、極性結晶構造を有し、極性結晶構造内では、自然分極軸が成長軸に平行であり、単位格子が、平均組成を、WBGn型領域に隣接する単位格子内のワイダーバンドギャップ(WBG)物質に対応する平均組成から、NBGp型領域に隣接する単位格子内のナロワーバンドギャップ(NBG)物質に対応する平均組成に、単調に変える、成長させること、を備える。
p型超格子領域と、
i型超格子領域と、
n型超格子領域と、
を備える半導体構造が提供され、
p型超格子領域とi型超格子領域とn型超格子領域とのうちの少なくとも1つは、ワイダーバンドギャップ(WBG)物質に対応する平均組成から、ナロワーバンドギャップ(NBG)物質に対応する平均組成への、またはNBG物質に対応する平均組成からWBG物質に対応する平均組成への、平均組成の単調な変化を備え、分極の急激な変化が各領域間の界面において無いようにする。
同一の参照番号が別々の図を通して同一または機能的に類似の要素を指す、添付の図面は、以下の詳細な説明と共に、本明細書に組み込まれ、本明細書の一部を形成し、特許請求される発明を含む概念の実施形態をさらに例示し、それらの実施形態のさまざまな原理と利点とを説明する役割を果たす。
[n:SL xave1、Λ1]/[i:SL xave2、Λ2]/[p:SL xave3、Λ3]
という形式のLEDスタックの光学特性を調整することが可能であり、
各超格子の有効Al%は、xave1=xave2=xave3=定数であるように、p−n構造を通して一定に保たれ、成長方向(z)から独立している。この場合は、平均合金組成が保たれるため、誘導p型領域または誘導n型領域を作らない。
単位セルを繰り返す超格子の周期、たとえば、(Λ1=Λ3)<Λ2は、xave1=xave2=xave3であるように作られ、したがって、i:SLは、p:SLとn:SLとのうちの少なくとも1つの対応するn=1遷移よりもエネルギーが小さい、n=1電子とヘビーホール価電子帯との間の量子化エネルギー遷移を有する。利点は、超格子単位格子(たとえば、2層AlN/GaNペア)のインプレーン格子定数の効果的な格子整合であり、それは、ひずみの蓄積を軽減し、不整転位による欠陥密度を減少させる。
を示している、図14のLED構造を考える。
Claims (26)
- 超格子を含む半導体構造を形成する方法であって、前記超格子の各々は、実質的に単結晶半導体から形成された少なくとも2つの異なる層を各々が備える複数の単位格子を備え、前記方法は、
成長軸に沿って、第1の極性結晶構造を有する第1の超格子を成長させることであって、前記成長軸が、前記第1の極性結晶構造の自然分極軸に実質的に平行である、成長させることと、
前記成長軸に沿って、前記第1の超格子に隣接する第2の超格子を成長させることであって、前記第2の超格子が第2の極性結晶構造を有し、前記成長軸が、前記第2の極性結晶構造の自然分極軸に実質的に平行である、成長させることと、
p型伝導率またはn型伝導率を誘導するために、前記第2の超格子の前記単位格子の平均組成を、ワイダーバンドギャップ(WBG)物質に対応する平均組成から、ナロワーバンドギャップ(NBG)物質に対応する平均組成に、またはNBG物質に対応する平均組成からWBG物質に対応する平均組成に、前記成長軸に沿って、単調に変えることと、
前記成長軸に沿って、前記第2の超格子に隣接する第3の超格子を成長させることであって、前記第3の超格子が第3の極性結晶構造を有し、前記成長軸が、前記第3の極性結晶構造の自然分極軸に実質的に平行である、成長させることとを備える、前記方法。 - 前記第2の超格子の前記p型伝導率が、
陽イオン−極性結晶構造を有する前記第2の超格子を成長させ、前記第2の超格子において、前記単位格子の前記平均組成を、WBG物質に対応する平均組成からNBG物質に対応する平均組成に、前記成長軸に沿って、単調に変えること、または、
陰イオン−極性結晶構造を有する前記第2の超格子を成長させ、前記第2の超格子において、前記単位格子の前記平均組成を、WBG物質に対応する平均組成からNBG物質に対応する平均組成に、前記成長軸に沿って、単調に変えること、
によって誘導される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記第2の超格子の前記n型伝導率が、
陽イオン−極性結晶構造を有する前記第2の超格子を成長させ、前記第2の超格子において、前記単位格子の前記平均組成を、NBG物質に対応する平均組成からWBG物質に対応する平均組成に、前記成長軸に沿って、単調に変えること、または、
陰イオン−極性結晶構造を有する前記第2の超格子を成長させ、前記第2の超格子において、前記単位格子の前記平均組成を、WBG物質に対応する平均組成からNBG物質に対応する平均組成に、前記成長軸に沿って、単調に変えること、
によって誘導される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記陰イオン−極性結晶構造が、窒素−極性結晶構造または酸素−極性結晶構造であり、
前記陽イオン−極性結晶構造が、金属−極性結晶構造である、請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記陽イオン−極性結晶構造が、金属−極性結晶構造であり、
前記陰イオン−極性結晶構造が、窒素−極性結晶構造または酸素−極性結晶構造である、請求項3に記載の方法。 - 前記第2の超格子において、前記単位格子の前記平均組成が、段階的な方法で、前記成長軸に沿って変えられる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の超格子において、前記単位格子の前記平均組成が、前記単位格子の前記少なくとも2つの異なる層のうちの1つまたは複数の厚さを変えることによって変更される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の超格子において、前記単位格子の厚さが、前記成長軸に沿って一定である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の超格子、前記第2の超格子、または前記第3の超格子において、前記単位格子の前記少なくとも2つの異なる層のうちの1つまたは複数の組成物が、以下の、
窒化ガリウム(GaN)と、
窒化アルミニウム(AlN)と、
窒化アルミニウムガリウム(AlxGa1−xN)、式中0≦x≦1と、
窒化ホウ素アルミニウムBxAl1−xN、式中0≦x≦1と、
窒化アルミニウムガリウムインジウム(AlxGayIn1−x−yN)、式中0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1、及び0≦(x+y)≦1と、
から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記第1の超格子、前記第2の超格子、または前記第3の超格子において、前記単位格子の前記少なくとも2つの異なる層のうちの1つまたは複数の組成物が、以下の、
酸化マグネシウム(MgO)と、
酸化亜鉛(ZnO)と、
酸化マグネシウム亜鉛(MgxZn1−xO)、式中0≦x≦1と、
から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 各単位格子の前記少なくとも2つの異なる層が、それぞれ、前記各層内の電荷キャリアのド・ブロイ波長未満の厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 各単位格子の前記少なくとも2つの異なる層が、それぞれ、弾性ひずみを維持するために必要な限界層厚以下の厚さを有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記誘導p型伝導率または前記誘導n型伝導率を強化するために、不純物ドーパントが、前記第2の超格子の各単位格子の前記少なくとも2つの異なる層のうちの1つまたは複数の中に含まれる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 物質の極性の型を、前記第1の超格子および前記第2の超格子の間または前記第2の超格子および前記第3の超格子の間で反転させることをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- バッファ領域または転位フィルタ領域が、基板上に、前記第1の超格子より前に成長させられる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記基板が、サファイア(Al2O3)基板、窒化アルミニウム(AlN)基板、シリコン基板または窒化ガリウム(GaN)基板として選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- p型超格子領域と、
i型超格子領域と、
n型超格子領域とを備え、
前記p型超格子領域は、前記i型超格子領域に隣接し、
前記i型超格子領域は、前記n型超格子領域に隣接し、
前記p型超格子領域と前記i型超格子領域と前記n型超格子領域とのうちの少なくとも1つが、実質的に単一の結晶半導体から形成される少なくとも2つの異なる層を各々含む複数の単位格子を備え、前記半導体の超格子は、極性結晶構造の自然分極軸に実質的に平行な成長軸を備えた前記極性結晶構造を有し、前記半導体の超格子の前記単位格子の平均組成は、分極の急激な変化が各領域間の前記界面においてないように、ワイダーバンドギャップ(WBG)物質に対応する平均組成から、ナロワーバンドギャップ(NBG)物質に対応する平均組成への、またはNBG物質に対応する平均組成からWBG物質に対応する平均組成への、単調変化を示す、半導体構造。 - 前記p型超格子領域に隣接するp型GaN領域をさらに備える、請求項17に記載の半導体構造。
- 請求項17に記載の半導体構造を備えた発光ダイオード(LED)であって、
基板と、
前記基板に隣接し、かつ、請求項17に記載の半導体構造に隣接するバッファ層とをさらに備え、前記バッファ層は、超格子を含む、発光ダイオード(LED)。 - ワイダーバンドギャップ(WBG)物質からナロワーバンドギャップ(NBG)物質への、またはNBG物質からWBG物質への、前記成長軸に沿った組成の前記単調変化は、p型伝導率またはn型伝導率を誘導する、請求項17に記載の半導体構造。
- 基板と、
前記基板に隣接するバッファ領域または転位フィルタ領域とをさらに備え、
前記n型超格子領域は、前記バッファ領域または前記転位フィルタ領域と隣接し、
前記n型超格子領域は、前記i型超格子領域より広い平均バンドギャップを備え、
前記基板は、前記i型超格子領域より広いバンドギャップを備える、請求項17に記載の半導体構造。 - 請求項21に記載の半導体構造を備えた発光ダイオード(LED)であって、光が前記i型超格子領域から出射され、前記光は、前記LEDから出射される前に、前記n型超格子領域を通って通過する、発光ダイオード(LED)。
- 基板と、
前記基板に隣接するバッファ領域または転位フィルタ領域とをさらに備え、
前記p型超格子領域は、前記バッファ領域または前記転位フィルタ領域と隣接し、
前記p型超格子領域は、前記i型超格子領域より広い平均バンドギャップを備え、
前記基板は、前記i型超格子領域より広いバンドギャップを備える、請求項17に記載の半導体構造。 - 請求項23に記載の半導体構造を備えた発光ダイオード(LED)であって、光が前記i型超格子領域から出射され、前記光は、前記LEDから出射される前に、前記p型超格子領域を通って通過する、発光ダイオード(LED)。
- 前記第1の超格子はn型にドープされ、かつ前記第3の超格子はp型にドープされるか、または、前記第1の超格子はp型にドープされ、かつ前記第3の超格子はn型にドープされ、
前記第1の超格子および前記第3の超格子の各単位格子の前記少なくとも2つの異なる層の1以上に不純物ドーパントが含まれる、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記半導体構造に抵抗金属接点を形成することと、
発光ダイオード(LED)装置を形成するために光窓を形成することとをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
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