JP2017517518A - 増強された抗体の有効性のための普遍的グリコフォームに関する組成物および方法 - Google Patents
増強された抗体の有効性のための普遍的グリコフォームに関する組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2014年5月27日に出願された米国仮出願連続番号第(USSN)62/003,136号、2014年5月27日に出願されたUSSN 62/003,104号、2014年5月28日に出願されたUSSN 62/003,908号、2014年7月2日に出願されたUSSN 62/020,199号および2015年1月30日に出願されたUSSN 62/110,338号への優先権の利益を主張する。これらそれぞれの内容は、それらの全体が参考として本明細書に援用される。
本発明の実施では、別段の指定のない限り、当技術分野の技術の範囲内に入る分子生物学、微生物学、組換えDNA、および免疫学の従来の技法を使用する。そのような技法は、文献において十分に説明されている。例えば、Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual、第2版、Sambrook、FritschおよびManiatis編(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press、1989年);DNA Cloning、I巻およびII巻(D. N. Glover編、1985年);Culture Of Animal Cells(R. I. Freshney、Alan R. Liss, Inc.、1987年);Immobilized Cells And Enzymes(IRL Press、1986年);B. Perbal、A Practical Guide To Molecular Cloning(1984年);論文集、Methods In Enzymology(Academic Press, Inc.、N.Y.);Gene Transfer Vectors For Mammalian Cells(J. H. MillerおよびM. P. Calos編、1987年、Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory);Methods In Enzymology、154巻および155巻(Wuら編)、Immunochemical Methods In Cell And Molecular Biology(MayerおよびWalker編、Academic Press、London、1987年);Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual、HarlowおよびLanes(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press、1988年);およびHandbook Of Experimental Immunology、I〜IV巻(D. M. WeirおよびC. C. Blackwell編、1986年)を参照されたい。
ループ Kabat AbM Chothia Contact
L1 L24−L34 L24−L34 L26−L32 L30−L36
L2 L50−L56 L50−L56 L50−L52 L46−L55
L3 L89−L97 L89−L97 L91−L96 L89−L96
H1 H31−H35B H26−H35B H26−H32 H30−H35B
(Kabat番号付け)
H1 H31−H35 H26−H35 H26−H32 H30−H35
(Chothia番号付け)
H2 H50−H65 H50−H58 H53−H55 H47−H58
H3 H95−H102 H95−H102 H96−H101 H93−H101
培養物中で哺乳動物細胞から産生された組換えタンパク質のグリコシル化は、治療用抗体の有効な使用を確実にすることにおける重要なプロセスである(Goocheeら、1991年;JenkinsおよびCurling、1994年)。哺乳動物の細胞培養では、全てが同じ性質を有するわけではない、グリコシル化パターンの不均一な混合物が送達される。治療用タンパク質の安全性、有効性および血清中半減期のような性質は、これらのグリコシル化パターンの影響を受ける可能性がある。本発明者らは、「糖操作抗体群(glycoantibodies)」という名称の新規クラスのモノクローナル抗体を開発することにより、グリコフォーム不均一性問題に成功裏に対処した。
本明細書に記載の糖操作抗体群はがんを処置するために有用であり得る。がん療法のための多数の治療用モノクローナル抗体がFDAにより認可されており、さらに多くが、臨床試験において、単独で、または他の処置と組み合わせてのいずれかで試験されている。これらのモノクローナル抗体(「親抗体」)を使用して、糖操作抗体群を作製することができる。
「CD20」抗原は、末梢血またはリンパ系器官に由来するB細胞の90%超の表面に見いだされる、分子量およそ35kDの非グリコシル化膜貫通リンタンパク質である。CD20は、初期プレB細胞発生の間に発現し、形質細胞分化まで残る。CD20は、ヒト幹細胞、リンパ球前駆細胞または正常な形質細胞においては見いだされない。CD20は、正常なB細胞ならびに悪性B細胞のどちらにも存在する。文献におけるCD20に対する他の名称としては、「Bリンパ球制限分化抗原」および「Bp35」が挙げられる。CD20抗原は、例えば、ClarkおよびLedbetter、Adv. Can Res. 52巻:81〜149頁(1989年)およびValentineら、J. Biol. Chem. 264巻(19号):11282〜11287頁(1989年)に記載されている。
以下の表2は、リツキシマブの重鎖および軽鎖配列を示す。
Fcにおけるグリコシル化は、ADCC、CDCおよび循環半減期を含めた種々の免疫グロブリンエフェクター媒介性機能に影響を及ぼす可能性がある。ADCC増強は、治療用抗体の薬効を改善するための重要な戦略である。ADCC増強には、薬物費用の低減という利益のために、有効薬物投与量を低減させる潜在性がある。本明細書に記載の抗CD20糖操作抗体群は、機能的性質を特徴とし得る。抗CD20GAbには、ヒトCD20発現細胞に対するアポトーシスを含めた細胞増殖阻害活性がある。一部の実施形態では、抗CD20GAbは、その親抗体と比較してより強力な細胞増殖阻害活性を示す。
本発明による糖操作抗体のADCC活性の増大は、これだけに限定されないが、親抗体のADCC活性と比較して、少なくとも約6倍、約7倍、約8倍、約9倍 約10倍、約15倍、約20倍、約25倍、約30倍、約35倍、約40倍、約50倍、約60倍、および約80倍を含め、少なくとも約5倍、または、少なくともおよそ、本明細書において列挙されている任意の2つの数字の間の範囲内の値である。
驚いたことに、本明細書に記載の糖操作抗体により、CDCに影響を及ぼすことなく、ADCCの改善をもたらすことができる。例示的なCDCアッセイが実施例に記載されている。例示的な実施形態では、糖操作抗体のADCCは増大するが、補体依存性細胞傷害性(CDC)などの他の免疫グロブリン型エフェクター機能は同様のままである、または有意には影響を受けない。
表5は、抗CD20GAbsおよびリツキシマブの例示的なFcγRIIIA結合の一覧である。FcγRIIIA結合は、当技術分野で公知のアッセイを使用して測定することができる。例示的なアッセイが実施例に記載されている。Fc受容体結合は、抗CD20GAbとリツキシマブの相対比として決定することができる。例示的な実施形態では、Fc受容体結合は、少なくとも1.2倍、2倍、3倍、4倍、5倍、6倍、7倍、8倍、9倍、10倍、15倍または20倍、30倍、40倍、50倍、100倍またはそれを超えて増大する。
本発明の抗CD20糖操作抗体群は、市販されているまたは前臨床または臨床開発中の抗CD20モノクローナル抗体(「親抗体」)からFc糖鎖工学によって作製することができる。モノクローナル抗体は治療用モノクローナル抗体であることが好ましい。Fc糖鎖工学は、酵素的にまたは化学酵素的に行うことができる。好ましい実施形態では、親抗体はリツキシマブである。
HER2遺伝子は、乳がんのおよそ30%で過剰発現または増幅される。HER2が過剰発現または増幅している乳がん患者では、無病生存期間および全生存期間が短縮される。HER2タンパク質は、固有であり、HER2遺伝子が過剰発現するがんの抗体療法に対する有用な標的であると考えられている。抗HER2モノクローナル抗体であるトラスツズマブ(Herceptin(登録商標))がこの標的に関する悪性のがんに対する療法において成功裏に使用されており、これは、HER2過剰発現乳がんの処置に関して1998年にFDAによる認可を受けた。これだけに限定されないが、乳がんを含めた、HER2を発現する細胞が関与する様々な疾患の予防および/または処置においてより有効である、HER2に対する改善された治療用抗体がなお必要とされている。
以下の表7は、トラスツズマブの重鎖および軽鎖配列を示す。
本明細書に記載の糖操作抗体群は、自己免疫および/または炎症を処置するために有用であり得る。自己免疫および炎症に対する例示的なモノクローナル抗体としては、これだけに限定されないが、ナタリズマブ(Tysabri;Biogen Idec/Elan)、ベドリズマブ(MLN2;Millennium Pharmaceuticals/Takeda)、ベリムマブ(Benlysta;Human Genome Sciences/GlaxoSmithKline)、アタシセプト(TACI−Ig;Merck/Serono)、アレファセプト(Amevive;Astellas)、オテリキシズマブ(TRX4;Tolerx/GlaxoSmithKline)、テプリズマブ(MGA031;MacroGenics/Eli Lilly)、リツキシマブ(Rituxan/Mabthera;Genentech/Roche/Biogen Idec)、オファツムマブ(Arzerra;Genmab/GlaxoSmithKline)、オクレリズマブ(2H7;Genentech/Roche/Biogen Idec)、エプラツズマブ(hLL2;Immunomedics/UCB)、アレムツズマブ(Campath/MabCampath;Genzyme/Bayer)、アバタセプト(Orencia;Bristol−Myers Squibb)、エクリズマブ(Soliris;Alexion pharmaceuticals)、オマリズマブ(Xolair;Genentech/Roche/Novartis)、カナキヌマブ(Ilaris;Novartis)、メポリズマブ(Bosatria;GlaxoSmithKline)、レスリズマブ(SCH55700;Ception Therapeutics)、トシリズマブ(Actemra/RoActemra;Chugai/Roche)、ウステキヌマブ(Stelara;Centocor)、ブリアキヌマブ(ABT−874;Abbott)、エタネルセプト(Enbrel;Amgen/Pfizer)、インフリキシマブ(Remicade;Centocor/Merck)、アダリムマブ(Humira/Trudexa;Abbott)、セルトリズマブペゴル(Cimzia;UCB)、およびゴリムマブ(Simponi;Centocor)が挙げられる。
単球およびマクロファージは、内毒素または他の刺激に応答して、腫瘍壊死因子−α(TNFα)および腫瘍壊死因子−β(TNFβ)として公知のサイトカインを分泌する。TNFαは、17kDタンパク質サブユニットの可溶性ホモ三量体である(Smithら、J. Biol. Chem. 262巻:6951〜6954頁(1987年))。膜に結合した26kDの前駆形態のTNFも存在する(Krieglerら、Cell 53巻:45〜53頁(1988年))。TNF−αは、先天免疫の重要な調節因子である炎症反応の強力な誘導因子であり、細胞内細菌およびある特定のウイルスの感染に対するTh1免疫応答の調節において重要な役割を果たす。しかし、調節不全TNFは、多数の病理学的状況の一因となる可能性もある。これらの病理学的状況としては、関節リウマチ、クローン病、乾癬性関節炎、強直性脊椎炎、潰瘍性大腸炎および重症慢性尋常性乾癬を含めた免疫媒介性炎症性疾患(IMID)が挙げられる。
以下の表10は、アダリムマブの重鎖および軽鎖配列を示す。
一部の実施形態では、本明細書に記載の糖操作抗体群は、感染症を処置するために有用である。
一部の実施形態では、本開示は、新規クラスの、糖鎖工学により操作されたFI6モノクローナル抗体を特徴とする。F16モノクローナル抗体は、中和抗A型インフルエンザウイルス抗体である。中和抗体は、A型インフルエンザウイルスに対して応答する。抗体の重鎖および軽鎖のアミノ酸配列は、PCT公開WO2013011347に記載されているものと同様である。
本開示による医薬組成物は、治療薬に使用することができる。例えば、医薬組成物は、FcγRによって媒介されるエフェクター細胞機能(例えば、ADCC)の有効性の増強が所望される疾患、障害、または感染、例えばがん、自己免疫疾患、感染症に付随する1つまたは複数の症状を防止する、処置する、または好転させるために、および効果がADCCによって媒介される治療用抗体の治療有効性の増強において使用することができる。
本開示には、疾患、障害、または感染に付随する1つまたは複数の症状を防止する、処置する、または好転させるための方法であって、それを必要とする被験体に、治療有効量の本明細書に記載の医薬組成物を投与するステップを含む方法が含まれる。疾患、障害、または感染としては、これだけに限定されないが、がん、自己免疫障害、炎症性障害および伝染性感染症が挙げられる。
本開示による医薬組成物は、がんに使用することができる。本開示には、患者においてがんを処置するための方法であって、患者に、有効量の本明細書に記載の医薬組成物を投与するステップを含む方法が含まれる。
一部の実施形態では、本開示は、それを必要とするヒト被験体においてがんを処置するための方法であって、被験体に治療有効量の抗CD20糖操作抗体群および薬学的に許容される担体を投与するステップを含む方法を特徴とする。
一部の実施形態では、本開示は、それを必要とするヒト被験体においてがんを処置するための方法であって、被験体に治療有効量の抗HER2糖操作抗体群および薬学的に許容される担体を投与するステップを含む方法を特徴とする。
一部の実施形態では、本明細書に記載の糖操作抗体群は、自己免疫疾患および/または炎症性疾患を処置するために有用である。
一部の実施形態では、本開示は、それを必要とするヒト被験体において自己免疫疾患または炎症性疾患を処置するための方法であって、被験体に治療有効量の抗CD20糖操作抗体群および薬学的に許容される担体を投与するステップを含む方法を特徴とする。
一部の実施形態では、本開示は、それを必要とするヒト被験体において自己免疫疾患または炎症性疾患を処置するための方法であって、被験体に治療有効量の抗TNFα糖操作抗体群および薬学的に許容される担体を投与するステップを含む方法を特徴とする。
一部の実施形態では、本明細書に記載の糖操作抗体群は、細菌またはウイルス感染によって引き起こされる感染症を処置するために有用である。
一部の実施形態では、本開示は、それを必要とするヒト被験体においてウイルス性疾患を処置するための方法であって、被験体に治療有効量のFI6糖操作抗体群および薬学的に許容される担体を投与するステップを含む方法を特徴とする。
グリコシル化のために、モレキュラーシーブMS−4Åを活性化するために真空系に接続し、1時間加熱した。活性化したモレキュラーシーブを室温まで冷却した後、ドナー(1位置のグリコシル化について1.5〜2.0当量)およびアクセプター(1.0当量)を含有するフラスコに添加した。混合物にジクロロメタンを添加し、次いで、溶液を室温で3時間撹拌した。−78℃で溶液にN−ヨードスクシンイミド(NIS、1.7〜2.2当量)およびトリメチルシリルトリフルオロメタンスルホネート(TMSOTf、0.1当量)を添加し、次いで、−20℃で溶液を撹拌した。反応を、裏がガラスのシリカゲルプレート(Merck DC Kieselgel 60F254)で行った薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)分析によってモニターし、UV光(254nm)および酸性モリブデン酸アンモニウムセリウムによって可視化した。アクセプターが完全に消費された後、飽和NaHCO3(aq)および20%Na2S2O3を用いて反応をクエンチし、次いで、混合物を、セライトのパッドを通して濾過した。2部分のジクロロメタンを用いて水層を抽出した後、合わせた有機層をブラインで洗浄し、MgSO4で乾燥し、濃縮した。粗製物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶出系としてトルエン/酢酸エチル)によって精製して、産物を生じさせた(収率をスキーム上に示した)。
乾燥トルエン中トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸銀(5当量)、ビス(シクロペンタジエニル)ハフニウムジクロリド(3.5当量)および4Åの活性化したモレキュラーシーブの混合物を室温で1時間撹拌した。次いで、反応混合物を−50℃まで冷却し、トルエン中アクセプター(1.0当量)およびドナー(1.2〜1.5当量)の溶液を添加した。混合物を−10℃で2〜8時間撹拌した。TLCによりアクセプターの完全な消費が示された後、Et3Nを用いて反応をクエンチし、EtOAcで希釈し、セライトを通して濾過した。濾液を水性NaHCO3およびブライン溶液で洗浄した。有機層をNa2SO4で乾燥し、減圧下で濃縮した。粗製物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶出系としてトルエン/酢酸エチル)によって精製して産物を生じさせた(収率をスキーム上に示した)。
NaOMe(0.25当量)をTHF/メタノール(2/3)中出発材料(1.0当量)の溶液に添加した。反応を室温で撹拌し、TLC分析によってモニターした。アセチル基を完全に脱保護した後、溶液をIR−120によって中和し、濾過し、濃縮した。粗製物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶出系としてヘキサン/酢酸エチル)によって精製して産物を生じさせた(収率をスキーム上に示した)。
Zn粉末(20当量)および酢酸(0.2当量)をTHF中出発材料(1.0当量)の溶液に添加した。反応を室温で撹拌し、薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)分析によってモニターした。Troc基を完全に脱保護した後、溶液を濾過し、濃縮した。粗製物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶出系としてヘキサン/酢酸エチル)によって精製して産物を生じさせた(収率をスキーム上に示した)。
p−トルエンスルホン酸(pTSA、1.5当量)をACN/MeOH(2/1)中出発材料(1.0当量)の溶液に添加した。反応を室温で撹拌し、薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)分析によってモニターした。ベンジリデン基を完全に除去した後、トリメチルアミンによって反応をクエンチし、次いで、濃縮した。粗製物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶出系としてヘキサン/酢酸エチル)によって精製して産物を生じさせた(収率をスキーム上に示した)。
保護されたオリゴ糖(50mmol)とエチレンジアミン:nBuOH(1/4)10mLの混合物を90℃で一晩撹拌した。揮発性物質を蒸発させ、粗製物をAc2O/ピリジン(1/2)10mLと一晩反応させた。高真空を使用して溶媒を除去し、産物をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶出系としてアセトン/トルエン)によって精製した。産物を、MeOH(10mL)中ナトリウムメトキシドを使用して一晩にわたって脱アセチル化した。IR−120を使用することによって反応を中和し、次いで、濾過し、真空中で濃縮した。残留物をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶出系としてアセトン/トルエン)によって精製した。産物をMeOH:H2O:HCOOH(6/3/1)10mLに溶解させ、Pd(OH)2(50重量%)を添加し、反応物を一晩にわたって水素化した。反応混合物を、セライトを通して濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。残留物を、溶離液として水を使用してG−15ゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製した。産物を凍結乾燥して白色粉末を生じさせた(収率をスキーム上に示した)。
出発材料(5μmol)、CTP(1μmol)、Neu5Ac(9.5μmol)、PEP(10μmol)、α−2,6シアリルトランスフェラーゼ(200μL、推定濃度2mg/L)、CMK(80単位)、PK(40単位)、およびPPA(40単位)を、1%BSA(130μL)を含有する50μmolのカコジル酸ナトリウム(pH7.4)に溶解させた。反応物を37℃で穏やかに撹拌しながら2日間インキュベートした。G−15ゲルクロマトグラフィー(溶離液H2O)を使用することによって産物を精製して、凍結乾燥後に所望の産物を白色固体としてもたらした。
IgG1抗体の糖鎖工学
この試験の目的は、抗がん機能および抗炎症機能の両方に関して活性が最適化された均一な抗体を調製することである。したがって、市販のリツキシマブIgG1は、がんおよび自己免疫疾患の両方の処置に使用されているので、これをモデルとして選択する。糖タンパク質リモデリングの戦略を使用してまずFc領域にモノ−GlcNAcを有する均一な抗体を得、次いで、純粋な合成グリカンをモノ−GlcNAc抗体と連結して活性アッセイのための均一な抗体を得た(図1a)。1日以内にワンポットで均一なモノ−GlcNAcグリコシル化抗体を調製するために、E.coli由来のフコシダーゼBfFucHを、Streptococcus pyogene由来のEndoS単独またはEndo F1/F3またはEndo F1/Sの混合物のいずれかのエンドグリコシダーゼと組み合わせて使用した。このフコシダーゼは、20日のインキュベーションが必要なウシ腎臓に由来するフコシダーゼ(23)よりも効率的であった。37℃で1週間のインキュベーションにより、リツキシマブ構造の劣化が引き起こされ、その抗原に対する結合親和性が約15%失われることが見いだされている(補足情報)。次いで、EndoS変異体(23)を使用することにより、一連の合成グリカンオキサゾリンをモノ−GlcNAcリツキシマブに成功裏に移行させて、その後の結合アッセイおよび機能アッセイのための、Fc領域に異なるグリカンを有する均一なリツキシマブを形成した。
2,3−シアリル化リツキシマブと2,6−シアリル化リツキシマブの間の特性
Ravetchのグループにより、2,6−シアリル化IVIGが、2,3−シアリル化IVIGと比較して、抗炎症活性を担う主要な構造であったことが報告されたが、種々のFcγRとの詳細な相互作用は試験されていない(11)。さらに、Rajuの試験から、抗体における高レベルのシアリル化により、ADCCが劣化することが示されたが(12)、2,6−シアリル化抗体および2,3−シアリル化抗体の両方が細胞傷害性に対して同様の効果を有するかどうかは明らかにならなかった。これらのシアリル化結合の差異を試験するために、本発明者らは、モノ−GlcNAcリツキシマブから2,6−シアリル化抗体および2,3−シアリル化抗体を調製した(2,6NSCT−リツキシマブおよび2,3NSCT−リツキシマブと名付けた)。非修飾リツキシマブと比較して、モノ−GlcNAcリツキシマブでは、FcγRIIbに対する結合親和性以外は、FcγRIIIa、FcγRIIa、FcγRIおよびC1qに対する結合親和性の完全な喪失または実質的な低下が示された。しかし、グリカンを伸長させて2,6−NSCT−リツキシマブの構造を形成した後には、FcγRIIa、FcγRIIb、および特にFcγRIIIaに対するその結合親和性が増大したが、C1qに対しては有意な変化は観察されなかった(表11A)。それとは異なり、2,3−NSCT−リツキシマブについては、FcγRIIIaとの相互作用のみが部分的に増大したが、FcγRIIbおよびFcγRIIaに対するその認識は変化しなかったか、さらには低下した(表11A)。C1qのリツキシマブおよび2,6−NSCT−リツキシマブに対する同等の結合親和性に対応して、FACSの結果から、どちらの抗体もCDCに関して並行した傾向を示すことが示された(表11B)。しかし、最大半量の有効濃度(EC50)の値がより高いことにより示される通り、2,3−NSCT−リツキシマブの細胞傷害性は2,6−NSCT−リツキシマブの細胞傷害性よりも低かった(表11B)。
種々の無フコシル化リツキシマブの結合親和性およびB細胞枯渇活性
細胞傷害性が2,6−シアリル化の影響を受けたかどうかを試験するために、本発明者らは、バイセクト型修飾、3’アームにおけるモノ−シアリル化、トリマンノースコア、末端GlcNAc終端(ending)、ガラクトース尾部のグリカンおよび他の非対称グリカンを含有するものを含めた、他の均一な無フコシル化リツキシマブを調製した。表面プラズマ共鳴分析では、修飾された無フコシル化リツキシマブのいずれも、FcγRIIIaに対して2,6−NSCT−リツキシマブよりも強力な結合親和性を示さなかったが、異なるグリコフォームの間でいくらかのKd変動が観察された(表12)。次いで、本発明者らは、フローサイトメトリーでCD19+CD3−B細胞を分析することにより、ヒトB細胞のPBMC媒介性枯渇における工学的に操作した抗体の細胞傷害性誘導試験を実施した。SPRデータに対応して、2,6−NSCT−リツキシマブのB細胞枯渇の有効性は、抗体濃度が10ng/mLまたはそれ超である場合に極めて優れていた(図2A)。さらに、2,6−NSCT−リツキシマブの活性はまた、非修飾リツキシマブよりも有意に高く、10ドナーの全血B細胞枯渇試験におけるp値は0.0016であり、一方、モノ−GlcNAcリツキシマブにより最低の活性が示された(図2B)。これらのデータにより、免疫グロブリンG1における2,3−シアリル化および2,6−シアリル化は、免疫グロブリンG1の機能に対して異なる活性を有し、B細胞枯渇のためにはリツキシマブに対する2,6−NSCTが有益であることが示された。そのような結果は、以前の試験では、試料の多くがCHO細胞に由来するものであり、この細胞は、2,3−シアリル化を含有するが2,6結合が欠乏した種々のグリカンを有するタンパク質を発現するので、ほとんど検証されていない(34)。
抵抗性細胞株に対する2,6−NSCTリツキシマブのADCC有効性
多くの医薬品と同じく、リツキシマブには、高投与量および長期間の薬物適用に起因して抵抗性が生じている(35、36)。2,6−NSCT−リツキシマブが薬物抵抗性細胞に対して有効であるかどうかを理解するために、本発明者らは、ラモスおよびラジのリツキシマブ抵抗性細胞株を調製して、異なる濃度の2,6−NSCT修飾リツキシマブの下でのそれらのPBMC媒介性ADCCを評価した(図2C〜E)。長期間にわたってリツキシマブと共培養した後、ラモスB細胞およびラジB細胞の両方が表面上でのCD20発現が少ないものに進化した(図2C)。結果として、非修飾リツキシマブの抵抗性株に対する活性が劇的に失われたことは驚くことではない(図2Dおよび2E)。しかし、2,6−NSCTリツキシマブによって示されたADCC活性は非抵抗性細胞と抵抗性細胞のどちらに対しても非常に優れたものであった。
種々の無フコシル化ハーセプチンのFcγRIIIa結合親和性
2,6−NSCTグリカン修飾により引き出される印象的な細胞傷害性を他の抗体に適用することができるかどうかをさらに評価するために、別の抗体、ハーセプチンを異なるグリカン構造を用いて修飾し、評価した。
抗ウイルス抗体における2,6−NSCTグリカン修飾のADCC効果
Fc修飾における2,6−NSCTグリカンの利用を探究するために、本発明者らは、抗体の均一の2,6−NSCTグリカン修飾により、ウイルス感染細胞を除去するために抗ウイルス抗体のADCC効果を増大させることができるかどうかを評価した。本発明者らは、インフルエンザの種々の亜型の赤血球凝集素(HA)のステム領域に結合することが公知であり、その中和活性がADCCに関連づけられている(38)広範囲に中和する抗インフルエンザ抗体、FI6を調製した。FI6抗体のFcグリカンを修飾して均一な2,6−NSCTグリカンにし、細胞表面上にHAを発現させてインフルエンザ感染細胞を模倣したヒトHEK293T細胞と混合し、次いで、ADCC効果を標的細胞におけるPBMC媒介性死滅およびエフェクター細胞の活性化T細胞のADCCシグナル伝達核因子(NFAT)経路の活性化の両方によって測定した。細胞傷害性の結果から、実際に、均一な2,6−NSCTグリカン修飾FI6(FI6m)により示されるADCC活性が通常の非修飾FI6抗体よりも有意に高い(2〜3倍の増大)ことが示された(図4A)。さらに、エフェクターNK細胞のADCCシグナル伝達NFAT経路の活性化も、均一なFI6mを使用した場合、2倍の増強が観察された(図4B)。本発明者らの観察により、抗ウイルス抗体の均一な2,6−NSCTグリカン修飾が、ウイルス感染細胞に対するADCCのエフェクター機能を増強するための一般戦略になり得ることが示された。
Claims (31)
- モノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合性断片の均一な集団を含む組成物であって、各糖操作抗体または抗原結合性断片分子は、Fc領域上に単一の一様なN−グリカンを含み、前記N−グリカンは、Sia2(α2−6)Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2の構造を有し、前記N−グリカンは、エフェクター細胞機能を改善するように最適化されている、組成物。
- 前記Fc領域上の前記N−グリカンが、対応するモノクローナル抗体の野生型Fc領域に比べてFcγRIIAまたはFcγRIIIAに対する結合親和性の増大を示す、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体が、対応する野生型モノクローナル抗体に比べて改善された抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞傷害(ADCC)活性を示す、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体がヒトIgG1、IgG2、IgG3、およびIgG4から選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体が、少なくともがん、自己免疫疾患もしくは炎症性疾患、または感染症に関連する抗原に結合する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体が、がんに関連する抗原に結合する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗原が、GD2、GD3、GM2、Globo−H、SSEA−3、SSEA−4、CD16A、CD30、CD32B、CD33、CD52、EpCAM、CEA、gpA33、HER2/neu、A33、CD5、CD11c、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD23、CD27、CD40、CD45、CD79a、CD79b、CD103、CTLA4、ErbB1、ErbB3、ErbB4、VEGF受容体、TNF−α受容体、TNF−β受容体、またはTNF−γ受容体、gpA33、ムチン、TAG−72、CAIX、PSMA、葉酸結合性タンパク質、VEGF、VEGFR、インテグリンαVβ3、インテグリンα5β1、EGFR、ERBB2、ERBB3、MET、IGF1R、EPHA3、TRAILR1、TRAILR2、RANKL、FAPおよびテネイシンからなる群より選択される、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体が、自己免疫疾患または炎症性疾患に関連する抗原に結合する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗原が、インターロイキン5およびその受容体、腫瘍壊死因子およびその受容体からなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体が、ウイルス感染細胞において発現される抗原に結合する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗原が、gp120、CXCR4およびベロ毒素からなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- in vitroにおいて作製される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の組成物と薬学的に許容される担体とを含む医薬製剤。
- 抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞傷害(ADCC)活性を増強するための方法であって、それを必要とする被験体に、ある量の請求項1に記載の組成物を投与するステップを含む、方法。
- 疾患、障害、または感染に付随する1つまたは複数の症状を防止する、処置する、または好転させるための方法であって、それを必要とする被験体に、治療有効量の請求項13に記載の医薬組成物を投与するステップを含む、方法。
- 前記疾患、前記障害、または前記感染が、がん、自己免疫障害、炎症性障害または伝染性感染症からなる群より選択される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記がんが、脳がん、肺がん、乳がん、口腔がん、食道がん、胃がん、肝がん、胆管がん、膵がん、結腸がん、腎がん、子宮頸部がん、卵巣がんおよび前立腺がんからなる群より選択され、一部の実施形態では、前記がんは、脳がん、肺がん、乳がん、卵巣がん、前立腺がん、結腸がん、または膵がんである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記がんが、B細胞リンパ腫、NHL、前駆Bリンパ芽球性白血病/リンパ腫および成熟B細胞新生物、B細胞性慢性リンパ性白血病(CLL)/小リンパ球性リンパ腫(SLL)、B細胞性前リンパ性白血病、リンパ形質細胞性リンパ腫、マントル細胞リンパ腫(MCL)、濾胞性リンパ腫(FL)、低悪性度、中悪性度および高悪性度(FL)、皮膚濾胞中心リンパ腫、辺縁層B細胞リンパ腫、MALT型辺縁層B細胞リンパ腫、節性辺縁層B細胞リンパ腫、脾臓型辺縁層B細胞リンパ腫、ヘアリー細胞白血病、びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫、バーキットリンパ腫、形質細胞腫、形質細胞骨髄腫、移植後リンパ増殖性障害、ワルデンシュトレームマクログロブリン血症、および未分化大細胞リンパ腫(ALCL)からなる群より選択される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記自己免疫疾患または前記炎症性疾患が、関節リウマチ、若年性関節リウマチ、全身性エリテマトーデス(SLE)、ループス腎炎、潰瘍性大腸炎、ウェゲナー病、炎症性腸疾患、特発性血小板減少性紫斑病(ITP)、血栓性血小板減少性紫斑病(TTP)、自己免疫性血小板減少症、多発性硬化症、乾癬、IgA腎症、IgM多発ニューロパチー、重症筋無力症、血管炎、糖尿病、レイノー症候群、シェーグレン症候群および糸球体腎炎からなる群より選択される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記自己免疫疾患または前記炎症性疾患が関節リウマチである、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記感染症が、ヒト免疫不全ウイルス(HIV)、呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV)、サイトメガロウイルス(CMV)、エボラウイルス、A型肝炎ウイルス、B型肝炎ウイルス、C型肝炎ウイルス(HCV)、エプスタイン・バーウイルス、水痘帯状疱疹ウイルス(VZV)、ハンターンウイルス、インフルエンザウイルス、単純ヘルペスウイルス(HSV)、ヒトヘルペスウイルス6(HHV−6)、ヒトヘルペスウイルス8(HHV−8)、ヒトパピローマウイルス、またはパルボウイルス、SARSウイルス、麻疹ウイルス;流行性耳下腺炎ウイルス;風疹ウイルス;狂犬病ウイルス;パピローマウイルス;ワクシニアウイルス;水痘帯状疱疹ウイルス;痘瘡ウイルス;ポリオウイルス;ライノウイルス;呼吸器合胞体ウイルス;P.falciparum;P.vivax;P.malariae;P.ovale;Corynebacterium diphtheriae;Clostridium tetani;Clostridium botulinum;Bordetella pertussis;Haemophilus influenzae;Neisseria meningitidis、血清群A、B、C、W135および/またはY;Streptococcus pneumoniae;Streptococcus agalactiae;Streptococcus pyogenes;Staphylococcus aureus;Bacillus anthracis;Moraxella catarrhalis;Chlaymdia trachomatis;Chlamydia pneumoniae;Yersinia pestis;Francisella tularensis;Salmonella species;Vibrio cholerae;毒性E.coli;ヒト内在性レトロウイルス;他の微生物病原体;他の微生物毒素、アレルゲン、腫瘍抗原、自己抗原および同種異系抗原、化学物質または毒素などのヒト病原体によって引き起こされる、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記感染症が、HIV、HCV、またはこれらの組み合わせによって引き起こされる、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患、前記障害、または前記感染に付随する1つまたは複数の症状を防止する、処置する、または好転させるために、FcγRによって媒介されるエフェクター細胞機能の有効性の増強が所望される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患、前記障害、または前記感染に付随する1つまたは複数の症状を防止する、処置する、または好転させるために、ADCC増強が所望される、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記医薬組成物を、単独で、または、第2の抗体、化学療法剤および免疫抑制剤からなる群より選択される第2の治療剤と併せて投与する、請求項15に記載の方法。
- ウイルス性疾患の処置を必要とするヒト被験体においてウイルス性疾患を処置するための方法であって、(a)前記被験体にNK細胞の抑制性受容体を遮断する第1の化合物を投与するステップと、(b)前記被験体に治療有効量の請求項13に記載の医薬組成物を投与するステップとを含む、方法。
- 前記ウイルス性疾患が、HIV(ヒト免疫不全ウイルス)、RSV(呼吸器合胞体ウイルス)、CMV(サイトメガロウイルス)、エボラウイルス、A型肝炎ウイルス、B型肝炎ウイルス、C型肝炎ウイルス、エプスタイン・バーウイルス、水痘帯状疱疹ウイルス(VZV)、ハンターンウイルス、インフルエンザウイルス、単純ヘルペスウイルス(HSV)、ヒトヘルペスウイルス6(HHV−6)、ヒトヘルペスウイルス8(HHV−8)、ヒトパピローマウイルス、またはパルボウイルスによって引き起こされ、別々の特定の実施形態では、前記ウイルス性疾患は、HIVまたはC型肝炎ウイルスによって引き起こされる、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体が、リツキシマブ(Rituxan(登録商標))の軽鎖配列および重鎖配列を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体が、トラスツズマブ(Herceptin(登録商標))の軽鎖配列および重鎖配列を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体が、アダリムマブ(Humira)の軽鎖配列および重鎖配列を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記モノクローナル抗体がF16モノクローナル抗体である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
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