JP4317010B2 - IgG抗体の安定な凍結乾燥医薬製剤 - Google Patents
IgG抗体の安定な凍結乾燥医薬製剤 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、抗体の医薬製剤の分野に関する。詳しくは本発明は、安定な凍結乾燥された高濃度抗体製剤に関する。本発明は、抗IL2受容体抗体の安定化された凍結乾燥製剤により例示される。
ヒトへの投与が目的の多くのタンパク質調製物は、その調製物の使用前に、タンパク質への変性、凝集および他の変化を予防するための安定剤を必要とする。多くのタンパク質調製物は、非常に希薄なまたは高濃度溶液中で特に不安定である。この不安定性は、可溶性/不溶性凝集物の形成に現れ、タンパク質調製物を保存または輸送するとしばしば増加する。タンパク質薬剤の分野に存在する大きな課題は、タンパク質の安定性と活性の両方を維持する製剤の開発である。
ヒトへの投与用の安定な高度に濃縮された凍結乾燥抗体調製物であって、抗体が短時間で復元でき、静脈内、筋肉内、腹腔内または皮下注射を含む非経口投与に適した調製物に対するニーズがある。
本発明は、例えば約5〜25mMのヒスチジン緩衝液(pHは約5.5〜約6.5)中の高濃度、例えば50mg/mlを超えるIgG抗体、約0.005%〜0.03%のポリソルベート、およびショ糖を、随時セリンおよび/またはマンニトールとともに含む水性調製物から調製される安定な凍結乾燥医薬製剤に関する。この製剤は、IgG抗体の安定性を保持し、ヒト被験体への投与を目的とした免疫グロブリンが最終製品中で凝集物/粒状物を形成することを防ぐ。凍結乾燥製剤は液体で復元されて、約2分間またはそれ以下で50mg/mlを超えるIgG抗体濃度を含有する清澄化溶液にされる。
本発明の目的は、保存と輸送時に安定な、凍結乾燥された高度に濃縮された抗体製剤を提供することである。本発明のさらなる目的は、患者への投与の前に短時間で復元できる凍結乾燥された高度に濃縮された抗体製剤を提供することである。
用語「増量剤」は、凍結乾燥品の構造を提供する物質を含む。増量剤のために使用される一般的な例には、マンニトール、グリシン、乳糖およびショ糖がある。薬剤学的にすっきりしたケーキを与える以外に、増量剤はまた、崩壊温度を変更する、凍結乾燥保護を提供する、そして長期保存時のタンパク質安定性を増強するという点で有用な性質を与える。これらの物質はまた、浸透圧調節物質としても作用する。
「薬剤学的に許容される」賦形剤(ビヒクル、添加剤)は、使用される活性成分の有効用量を与えるように、被験体哺乳動物に妥当に投与できるものである。
「安定な」製剤は、その中のタンパク質が、保存中に基本的にその物理的安定性、および/または化学的安定性および/または生物活性を保持するものである。タンパク質安定性を測定するための種々の分析技術が、当該分野で利用でき、「ペプチドとタンパク質薬剤送達(Peptide and Protein Drug Delivery)」, 247-301, Vincent Lee編、マーセルデッカー社(Marcel Dekker Inc.)、ニューヨーク、ニューヨーク州、Pubs. (1991)、 およびJones, A. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 10:29-90 (1993)に総説がある。安定性は、選択された温度で選択された期間測定することができる。
浸透圧調節物質:塩(NaCl、KCl、MgCl2、CaCl2など)が、浸透圧を調節するための浸透圧調節物質として使用される。さらに、凍結防止剤/凍結乾燥保護剤および/または増量剤(例えば、ショ糖、マンニトール、グリシンなど)は、浸透圧調節物質として機能する。
製品の安定性を評価するための分析法には、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(SEC)、動的光散乱試験(DLS)、示差走査熱分析(DSC)、iso-asp定量、力価、340nmでの紫外線、紫外線分光法、およびFTIRがある。SEC(J. Pharm. Scien., 83:1645-1650 (1994);Pharm. Res., 11:485 (1994);J. Pharm. Bio. Anal., 15:1928 (1997);J. Pharm. Bio. Anal., 14:1133-1140 (1986))は、製品中のモノマーパーセントを測定し、可溶性凝集物の量の情報を与える。DSC(Pharm. Res., 15:200 (1998);Pharm. Res., 9:109 (1982))は、タンパク質変性温度とガラス転移温度の情報を与える。DLS(American Lab., Nov. (1991))は、平均拡散係数を測定し、可溶性および不溶性凝集物の量の情報を与える。340nmの紫外線は340nmでの散乱光強度を測定し、可溶性および不溶性凝集物の量についての情報を与える。紫外線分光法は、278nmでの吸光度を測定し、タンパク質濃度の情報を与える。FTIR(Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 45:231 (1998);Pharm. Res., 12:1250 (1995);J. Pharm. Scien., 85:1290 (1996);J. Pharm. Scien., 87:1069 (1998))は、アミドワン(amide one)領域のIRスペクトルを測定し、タンパク質2次構造の情報を与える。
本発明は、抗体を含む安定な製剤に関する。抗体は、抗体を作成するために当該分野で利用できる方法を使用して調製され、そのような方法の例は、以下のセクションでより詳細に説明される。
上記したように目的の抗体を調製後、抗体を含む医薬製剤が調製される。製剤開発アプローチは以下の通りである:最適な溶液pHを選択し、緩衝液の種類と濃度を選択し、液体の種々の賦形剤の作用と凍結乾燥安定性を評価し、I-最適実験計画を使用してスクリーニングした賦形剤の濃度を最適化する(「実験のための統計(Statistics for Experimental)」、Box, George E.P. ジョンワイリーアンドサンズインク(John Wiley and Sons Inc.)、1978)。
pH 5.5〜6.5の緩衝液が組成物中で使用される。この範囲のpHを制御する緩衝液の例には、コハク酸(例えばコハク酸ナトリウム)、グルコン酸、ヒスチジン、クエン酸、および他の有機酸緩衝液がある。ヒスチジンは、皮下、筋肉内および腹膜注射用の好適な緩衝液である。コハク酸ナトリウム緩衝液は、低いイオン強度で緩衝能が悪いため、あまり好ましくない。コハク酸ナトリウムの緩衝強度を増強するために、賦形剤の量は浸透圧を所望の範囲に維持するために低下させなければならない。凍結乾燥物質を充填容量の半分で復元する場合、凍結乾燥前(充填)液体の所望の浸透圧は140〜160mOsmである。ヒスチジン緩衝液の利点は、1mmolのヒスチジン緩衝液がわずかに1mOsmを寄与するのみであり、一方1mmolのコハク酸ナトリウム緩衝液は3mOsmを寄与する。ヒスチジン緩衝液は浸透圧への寄与が少なく、より多くの安定性賦形剤を製剤に加えることを可能にする。クエン酸緩衝液はまた皮下注射した時に痛みを引き起こすため、あまり好ましくない。好適な緩衝液は、約5〜25mMのヒスチジンを含有する。さらに好適な緩衝液は、約10〜20mMのヒスチジンを含有する。
凍結乾燥品は、モノクローナル抗体の免疫活性の安定性を保持し、ヒト被験体への投与を目的とした免疫グロブリンを、最終製品中での物理的および化学的分解から守る。
実施例1.凍結乾燥の操作
バイアル構成:5mlのウィートン(Wheaton)バイアルに2ml 充填する;
凍結乾燥サイクル:
1. 凍結:
・温度:-40℃
・速度:2℃/分
・凍結時間:3時間
・温度:-20℃
・速度:1℃/分
・時間:12時間
・圧力:150 mTorr
・温度:-20℃
・速度:1℃/分
・時間:10時間
・圧力:150 mTorr
この実験では、製剤マトリックスは、10mg/mlの抗IL2受容体抗体、10mMのヒスチジン(pH 6.0)、および0.015%のツイーン(登録商標)80を含有する。スクリーニングされた賦形剤は、(a) 凍結防止剤/凍結乾燥保護剤、例えばショ糖、トレハロース、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、およびポリビニルピロリドン(PVP);(b) 増量剤と浸透圧調節物質、例えばマンニトール、グリシン、およびセリン;および(c) Tg増強物質、例えばデキストランである。
結果は、PEG、デキストラン、およびグリシンが、凍結乾燥前液体の安定性を低下させることを示した。すべての他の賦形剤の作用は、賦形剤の無い対照製剤と同等であった。
タンパク質安定性に及ぼすショ糖、マンニトールおよびセリンの作用を、I-Optimal(ハーディン−スローアン(Hardin-Sloane))実験計画法を使用して調べた。
この実験の結論は以下の通りである。
製剤1と2を調製し、実施例1に記載の方法と類似の方法に従って凍結乾燥した。凍結乾燥した製剤を37℃で2.5ヶ月インキュベートした。異なる時点での凍結乾燥製剤を1mlの水で復元し、分析法により試験した。
T0:製剤は凍結乾燥され、この直後に1mlの注射用水で復元した
T=2.5ヶ月:製剤を凍結乾燥した:ケーキを37℃で2.5ヶ月インキュベートし、次に1mlの注射用水(WFI)で復元した。
試験の説明
以下の3つの製剤の長期安定性を、5、25および40℃で試験した。これらの試料の安定性を24ヶ月にわたって、T0、1ヶ月、3ヶ月、6ヶ月、12ヶ月、および24ヶ月で追跡する。異なる時点での凍結乾燥製剤を注射用水(WFI)で復元し、分析法で試験する。
2. 製剤II(FORM-II):80mg/mlのタンパク質、20mMのヒスチジン、6.5%(190mM)のショ糖、0.025%のツイーン(登録商標)80(pH 6.0)。バイアル構成:2mlのバイアルに1.25ml充填する。1mlのWFIで復元する。復元後タンパク質濃度=100mg/ml。
図9は、時間と温度の関数としての3つの製剤のサイズ排除クロマトグラフィーにより測定したモノマー%を示す。5℃で3ヶ月では、3つの製剤のモノマー含量に大きな変化は観察されなかった。25と40℃で3ヶ月では、すべての3つの製剤についてT0と比較して、モノマー含量の3%の低下が観察される。
Claims (9)
- pH 5.5〜6.5を有する5〜25mMのヒスチジン緩衝液、
0.005%〜0.03%のポリソルベート、
100〜300mMのショ糖、および
50mg/ml以上の濃度をもつIgG抗体、
を含む水性調製物を凍結乾燥することにより調製される安定な凍結乾燥製剤であって、該製剤は、5分またはそれ以下で液体で復元して、50mg/ml以上のIgG抗体を含有する粒状物を含まない溶液にされ、ここで、該IgG抗体はダクリズマブである、凍結乾燥製剤。 - ショ糖濃度は100〜200mMである、請求項1に記載の安定な凍結乾燥製剤。
- pH5.5〜6.5を有する5〜25mMのヒスチジン緩衝液、
0.005%〜0.03%のポリソルベート、
110〜130mMのショ糖、
20〜45mMのマンニトール、および
50mg/ml以上の濃度をもつIgG抗体、
を含む水性調製物を凍結乾燥することにより調製される安定な凍結乾燥製剤であって、該凍結乾燥製剤は、5分またはそれ以下で液体で復元して、50mg/ml以上のIgG抗体を含有する粒状物を含まない溶液にされ、ここで、該IgG抗体はダクリズマブである、凍結乾燥製剤。 - pH5.5〜6.5を有する5〜25mMのヒスチジン緩衝液、
0.005%〜0.03%のポリソルベート、
80〜130mMのショ糖、
7〜55mMのセリン、
10〜55mMのマンニトール、および
50mg/ml以上の濃度をもつIgG抗体、
を含む水性調製物を凍結乾燥することにより調製される安定な凍結乾燥製剤であって、該凍結乾燥製剤は、5分またはそれ以下で液体で復元して、50mg/ml以上のIgG抗体を含有する粒状物を含まない溶液にされ、ここで、該IgG抗体はダクリズマブである、凍結乾燥製剤。 - 製剤は22〜28℃で少なくとも3ヶ月安定である、請求項1、3または4に記載の安定な凍結乾燥製剤。
- 製剤は2〜8℃で少なくとも1年間安定である、請求項1、3または4に記載の安定な凍結乾燥製剤。
- 前記液体で復元された溶液は、皮下注射に適している、請求項1、3または4に記載の安定な凍結乾燥製剤。
- 前記液体で復元された溶液は、等張性である、請求項1に記載の安定な凍結乾燥製剤。
- 前記ヒスチジン緩衝液のヒスチジン濃度は、10〜25mMである、請求項1に記載の安定な凍結乾燥製剤。
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CA2454587A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
EP1409018A4 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
WO2003009817A3 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
JP2004538287A (ja) | 2004-12-24 |
WO2003009817B1 (en) | 2003-12-18 |
WO2003009817A2 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
WO2003009817A9 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
US20030113316A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
AU2002324556A1 (en) | 2003-02-17 |
ATE454137T1 (de) | 2010-01-15 |
DE60235013D1 (de) | 2010-02-25 |
US20060029599A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
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