CN113571746A - Fuel cell system and method for preventing anode of electric pile from flooding - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and method for preventing anode of electric pile from flooding Download PDFInfo
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- CN113571746A CN113571746A CN202110625234.5A CN202110625234A CN113571746A CN 113571746 A CN113571746 A CN 113571746A CN 202110625234 A CN202110625234 A CN 202110625234A CN 113571746 A CN113571746 A CN 113571746A
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- fuel cell
- bypass valve
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- voltage difference
- voltage
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8684—Negative electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell system, which relates to the technical field of fuel cells; the fuel cell system includes: the system comprises a humidifier, a galvanic pile, a bypass valve, a single-chip cell voltage polling instrument and a fuel cell controller; the dry air outlet of the humidifier is communicated with the air inlet of the electric pile; the air outlet of the electric pile is communicated with the moisture inlet of the humidifier; the bypass valve is connected with the wet gas loop of the humidifier in parallel; the fuel cell controller is respectively electrically connected with the single-chip cell voltage polling instrument and the bypass valve; the invention also provides a method for preventing the anode of the galvanic pile from flooding; the invention can effectively avoid the accumulation of more water on the cathode side of the galvanic pile, reduce the accumulated water on the anode side of the galvanic pile to a certain extent and prevent the anode of the galvanic pile from flooding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell system and a method for preventing a pile anode from flooding.
Background
With the increasing interest of society on ecological environment, how to control the emission of automotive pollutants has become a hot spot of current social research, and hydrogen fuel cells, as a technology of truly zero pollutant emission, is one of the hot spots of current research.
There are a number of fuel cell vehicles currently on the market, where anode flooding is one of many failure modes of a fuel cell system, and how to prevent anode flooding of a fuel cell stack is one of the focuses of attention of the fuel cell system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the anode of the electric pile in the existing fuel cell system is easy to be flooded by water.
The present invention provides a fuel cell system including: the system comprises a humidifier, a galvanic pile, a bypass valve, a single-chip cell voltage polling instrument and a fuel cell controller;
the dry air outlet of the humidifier is communicated with the air inlet of the electric pile; the air outlet of the electric pile is communicated with the moisture inlet of the humidifier;
the bypass valve is connected in parallel with the moisture inlet and moisture outlet of the humidifier;
the fuel cell controller is electrically connected with the single-chip cell voltage polling instrument and the bypass valve respectively; the single-cell voltage polling instrument is used for collecting the voltage of each single cell in the galvanic pile; the fuel cell controller is used for comparing the pull-load power of the fuel cell with a pull-load power threshold value; when the load power of the fuel cell is larger than the load power threshold, controlling the bypass valve to be opened; when the load power of the fuel cell is smaller than or equal to the load power threshold, the fuel cell controller is further used for receiving and calculating the voltage difference between the single cells according to the voltage of the single cells; when the voltage difference between the first single-chip battery and each other single-chip battery is larger than a first voltage difference threshold value, controlling the bypass valve to be opened; and when the voltage difference between the first single-chip battery and each other single-chip battery is smaller than a second voltage difference threshold value, controlling the bypass valve to be closed.
When the fuel cell system is in operation, hydrogen ions and oxygen ions react to generate water on the cathode side, and no water is generated on the anode side; at the moment, water pressure difference is generated between the anode and the cathode of the membrane, so that water on the cathode side can diffuse to the anode side through the membrane, part of water generated on the cathode side can be taken out of the fuel cell system along with stack outlet air, and the water on the anode side can only be taken out of the anode side through the opening of a drain valve of a hydrogen loop; in order to avoid the water flooding condition of the anode of the galvanic pile, a drain valve on a hydrogen loop is required to be frequently opened to drain water on the anode side of the galvanic pile, so that part of unreacted hydrogen in the galvanic pile is discharged along with the unreacted hydrogen, and the problems of low hydrogen utilization rate and overhigh tail drain hydrogen concentration are caused. On the other hand, in the humidifier in the conventional fuel point battery system, the wet air discharged from the air outlet of the cell stack is generally used as a humidifying medium, and all the wet air discharged from the air outlet of the cell stack is introduced into the humidifier to humidify the dry air entering the cell stack, so that the humidity of the air entering the cell stack cannot be regulated; the inventor of the application finds in experiments that by selectively controlling the humidity of air entering the galvanic pile, more water accumulated on the cathode side of the galvanic pile can be effectively avoided, so that accumulated water on the anode side of the galvanic pile is reduced to a certain extent (even if a small amount of accumulated water is generated, the accumulated water is discharged due to normal opening of a water discharging valve on a hydrogen loop), and thus anode flooding of the galvanic pile is prevented; in order to achieve the above object, the inventors of the present application connected the bypass valve in parallel at the moisture inlet and the moisture outlet of the humidifier, such that the bypass valve is connected in parallel with the moisture circuit of the humidifier, and electrically connected the fuel cell controller to the on-chip cell voltage patrol instrument and the bypass valve, respectively; when the load power of the fuel cell is greater than the load power threshold, controlling the bypass valve to be opened, and directly discharging part of air discharged from the air outlet of the electric pile to the outside through the bypass valve, so that the humidifying capacity of the humidifier is reduced, the humidity of the air entering the electric pile is reduced, and excessive water accumulation on the anode side of the electric pile is prevented; when the load power of the fuel cell is smaller than or equal to the load power threshold, receiving and calculating the voltage difference between the single cells according to the voltage of the single cells; when the voltage difference between the first single-chip cell and each other single-chip cell is larger than a first voltage difference threshold value, controlling the bypass valve to be opened, reducing the humidity of air entering the galvanic pile, and preventing excessive water accumulation on the anode side of the galvanic pile; when the voltage difference between the first single-chip battery and each other single-chip battery is smaller than a second voltage difference threshold value, the bypass valve is controlled to be closed, and all the humid air discharged from the air outlet of the electric pile enters the humidifier to increase the humidity of the air entering the electric pile.
In some preferred embodiments, the bypass valve is an electronic throttle valve.
The invention also provides a method for preventing the anode of the galvanic pile from being flooded by water, which comprises the following steps:
collecting the voltage of each single battery in the galvanic pile;
comparing the magnitude of the load power of the fuel cell with a load power threshold;
when the load power of the fuel cell is larger than the load power threshold, controlling the bypass valve to be opened;
when the load power of the fuel cell is smaller than or equal to the load power threshold, receiving and calculating the voltage difference between the single cells according to the voltage of the single cells; when the voltage difference between the first single-chip battery and each other single-chip battery is larger than a first voltage difference threshold value, controlling the bypass valve to be opened; and when the voltage difference between the first single-chip battery and each other single-chip battery is smaller than a second voltage difference threshold value, controlling the bypass valve to be closed.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the humidity of air entering the galvanic pile is selectively controlled, so that more water can be effectively prevented from accumulating on the cathode side of the galvanic pile, and accumulated water on the anode side of the galvanic pile is reduced to a certain extent, thereby preventing the anode of the galvanic pile from being flooded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the fuel cell system of FIG. 1;
wherein, 1, a galvanic pile; 2. a humidifier; 3. a bypass valve; 4. a voltage polling instrument of the single battery; 5. a fuel cell controller.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell system including: the system comprises a humidifier 2, a galvanic pile 1, a bypass valve 3, a single-chip cell voltage polling instrument 4 and a fuel cell controller 5;
a dry air outlet of the humidifier 2 is communicated with an air inlet of the electric pile 1; an air outlet of the electric pile 1 is communicated with a moisture inlet of the humidifier 2;
the bypass valve 3 is in parallel with the moisture inlet and moisture outlet of the humidifier 2, such that the bypass valve 3 is in parallel with the moisture circuit of the humidifier 2;
the fuel cell controller 5 is respectively electrically connected with the single-chip cell voltage polling instrument 4 and the bypass valve 3; the single cell voltage polling instrument 4 is used for collecting the voltage of each single cell in the galvanic pile 1; the fuel cell controller 5 is used for comparing the pull-load power of the fuel cell with the pull-load power threshold value; when the load power of the fuel cell is larger than the load power threshold, controlling a bypass valve 3 to be opened; when the pull-load power of the fuel cell is smaller than or equal to the pull-load power threshold, the fuel cell controller 5 is further configured to receive and calculate a voltage difference between the single cells according to the voltage of the single cells; when the voltage difference between the first single-chip battery and each other single-chip battery is greater than a first voltage difference threshold value, controlling a bypass valve 3 to be opened; and when the voltage difference between the first single-chip battery and each other single-chip battery is smaller than a second voltage difference threshold value, controlling the bypass valve 3 to be closed.
Exemplarily, in the present embodiment, the bypass valve 3 is an electronic throttle valve; the model of the electronic throttle valve is TT510 YT; the single cell voltage tester 4 is model number JWR-DM-144.
The first single cell is a single cell closest to the anode side drain port of the stack 1; the inventor of the present application found in experiments that the voltage difference between the single cell closest to the drain port of the anode side of the stack 1, i.e., the first single cell, and the other single cells in the stack 1 is most affected by the accumulated water on the anode side of the stack 1, and therefore, the voltage difference between the first single cell and the other single cells is selected as the judgment condition.
The fuel cell load power is the actual power of the electric pile 1 at a certain moment, and the actual power is in the trend of upward load.
Exemplarily, in the present embodiment, the fuel cell power draw is 90 kW; the first voltage difference threshold is 50mV and the second voltage difference threshold is 25 mV.
The method for preventing the anode of the electric pile 1 from being flooded by water based on the fuel cell system in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
collecting the voltage of each single cell in the galvanic pile 1 through a single cell voltage polling instrument 4, and sending the voltage of each single cell to a fuel cell controller 5;
the fuel cell controller 5 firstly compares the magnitude of the pull-load power of the fuel cell with the pull-load power threshold;
when the load power of the fuel cell is greater than the load power threshold, the fuel cell controller 5 controls the bypass valve 3 to open the air outlet of the electric pile 1, and the air part exhausted is directly exhausted to the outside through the bypass valve 3, so that the humidifying capacity of the humidifier 2 is reduced, the humidity of the air entering the electric pile 1 is reduced, and excessive water accumulation on the anode side of the electric pile 1 is prevented;
when the load power of the fuel cell is smaller than or equal to the load power threshold, the fuel cell controller 5 receives and calculates the voltage difference between the single cells according to the voltage of the single cells; when the voltage difference between the first single-chip cell and each other single-chip cell is greater than a first voltage difference threshold value, the fuel cell controller 5 controls the bypass valve 3 to be opened, so that the humidity of air entering the electric pile 1 is reduced, and excessive accumulation on the anode side of the electric pile 1 is prevented; when the voltage difference between the first single cell and each of the other single cells is smaller than a second voltage difference threshold value, the bypass valve 3 is controlled to be closed, and the wet air discharged from the air outlet of the stack 1 enters the humidifier 2 to increase the humidity of the air entering the stack 1.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A fuel cell system, characterized by comprising: the system comprises a humidifier, a galvanic pile, a bypass valve, a single-chip cell voltage polling instrument and a fuel cell controller;
the dry air outlet of the humidifier is communicated with the air inlet of the electric pile; the air outlet of the electric pile is communicated with the moisture inlet of the humidifier;
the bypass valve is connected in parallel with the moisture inlet and moisture outlet of the humidifier;
the fuel cell controller is electrically connected with the single-chip cell voltage polling instrument and the bypass valve respectively; the single-cell voltage polling instrument is used for collecting the voltage of each single cell in the galvanic pile; the fuel cell controller is used for comparing the pull-load power of the fuel cell with a pull-load power threshold value; when the load power of the fuel cell is larger than the load power threshold, controlling the bypass valve to be opened; when the load power of the fuel cell is smaller than or equal to the load power threshold, the fuel cell controller is further used for receiving and calculating the voltage difference between the single cells according to the voltage of the single cells; when the voltage difference between the first single-chip battery and each other single-chip battery is larger than a first voltage difference threshold value, controlling the bypass valve to be opened; and when the voltage difference between the first single-chip battery and each other single-chip battery is smaller than a second voltage difference threshold value, controlling the bypass valve to be closed.
2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the bypass valve is an electronic throttle valve.
3. A method for preventing anode of a galvanic pile from flooding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting the voltage of each single battery in the galvanic pile;
comparing the magnitude of the load power of the fuel cell with a load power threshold;
when the load power of the fuel cell is larger than the load power threshold, controlling the bypass valve to be opened;
when the load power of the fuel cell is smaller than or equal to the load power threshold, receiving and calculating the voltage difference between the single cells according to the voltage of the single cells; when the voltage difference between the first single-chip battery and each other single-chip battery is larger than a first voltage difference threshold value, controlling the bypass valve to be opened; and when the voltage difference between the first single-chip battery and each other single-chip battery is smaller than a second voltage difference threshold value, controlling the bypass valve to be closed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110625234.5A CN113571746B (en) | 2021-06-04 | 2021-06-04 | Fuel cell system and method for preventing anode of electric pile from flooding |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110625234.5A CN113571746B (en) | 2021-06-04 | 2021-06-04 | Fuel cell system and method for preventing anode of electric pile from flooding |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113571746A true CN113571746A (en) | 2021-10-29 |
| CN113571746B CN113571746B (en) | 2024-02-06 |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN115360387A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2022-11-18 | 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 | Anode water quantity control method of fuel cell system |
| CN117954656A (en) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-04-30 | 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 | Tail hydrogen discharge concentration control method and system for fuel cell system |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN113571746B (en) | 2024-02-06 |
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