CN103050723A - Cathode exhaust recirculating system for proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Cathode exhaust recirculating system for proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN103050723A CN103050723A CN2012105861332A CN201210586133A CN103050723A CN 103050723 A CN103050723 A CN 103050723A CN 2012105861332 A CN2012105861332 A CN 2012105861332A CN 201210586133 A CN201210586133 A CN 201210586133A CN 103050723 A CN103050723 A CN 103050723A
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Abstract
An air system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell belongs to the technical field of new energy automobiles, and is characterized in that an exhaust recirculating loop is used to lead the gas exhausted from a cathode outlet of a galvanic pile into an inlet loop of the galvanic pile again. According to the invention, the total flow, total pressure and oxygen flow entering into the galvanic pile can be adjusted independently, and the water logging or membrane drying of the galvanic pile can be effectively avoided while the monolithic voltage of the galvanic pile is limited; during the shutdown period, liquid water inside the galvanic pile can be dried quickly, so as to prevent the galvanic pile from being damaged caused by freezing of water residual inside the galvanic pile under the condition of low temperature; during the shutdown period, the whole pipeline can be filled with nitrogen, so as to prevent oxygen from entering into the anode to corrode the galvanic pile with long-term shutdown; and the fresh air amount entering into the system is reduced, and the load of the mechanical and chemical filter is reduced. The measures can effectively improve the service life and the durability of the fuel cell, and meanwhile, as the radiating and humidifying by-pass governing is led in, the machine warming speed of the galvanic pile under the condition of low temperature can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the air system of a proton exchanging film fuel battery, particularly a kind of advanced Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells air system of introducing the cathode exhaust gas recirculating technique belongs to the new-energy automobile technical field.
Background technology
Proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell is called for short PEMFC) advantage high with its efficient, zero discharge especially is subject to people's favor.Fuel cell generation is a kind of electrochemical appliance, and chemical energy directly is converted to electric energy, and its conversion process of energy is not limited by Carnot cycle, and theoretical efficiency is higher.The fuel of its consumption is hydrogen, and product is water, and noxious emission is zero, is one of energy that cleans most.Therefore fuel cell generation can be used in the fields such as stand-by station, electric automobile and portable power source.
Fuel cell generation comprises several chief components, as shown in Figure 1, fuel cell pile is its core, and the pile periphery has also comprised the accessory systems such as hydrogen system, air system, humidification system, cooling system, power range system and control system.Hydrogen system mainly is responsible for pile the hydrogen supply is provided, and need to regulate Hydrogen Vapor Pressure and the flow that enters pile according to operating condition; Air system then is to be air for pile provides an amount of oxidant, need to enter according to regulating working conditions temperature, pressure and the flow of the air of pile; Humidification system be humidity for the air that guarantees to enter pile in certain limit, therefore overdrying and cross and wet proton exchange membrane and pile are had adverse influence need to carry out to the air that enters pile humidity control; Cooling system then makes stack temperature keep proper level by the mode of circulate coolant, guarantees the reliable and stable work of pile; Power range system then is to regulate the output voltage of pile and size and the rate of change of electric current by the DC/DC device; Control system is whole fuel cell generation " brain ", is optimized control by its subsystems to the pile periphery, so that pile is in optimum Working, guarantees the operation of pile long time stability.
A kind of typical fuel battery air system partly is comprised of air compressor machine, radiator, humidifier, condenser etc., as shown in Figure 1.Surrounding air enters radiator after compressing via air compressor machine, enter humidifier and carry out humidification by radiator cooling is laggard, enter pile behind the humidification and carry out electrochemical reaction, the oxygen meeting of cathode side and from the hydrogen ion generation chemical reaction of anode, in the output electric energy, produce water (gaseous state or liquid state), and major part is gone out by the cathode air effluent, therefore participating in reacted cathode air oxygen content descends, water content (humidity) increases,, after reclaiming moisture, condenser enters in the environment by flow control valve 2 at the pile outlet air.This air system can be controlled air mass flow and the air pressure that enters pile by the coordination of air compressor machine, flow control valve 1 and 2, can adjust inlet temperature by radiator, by humidifier control ambient humidity.
According to the operation principle of PEMFC and performance characteristics as can be known, enter the total amount of oxygen in the air of pile and participate in the amount of oxygen of reaction, be referred to as excess coefficient or equivalent proportion, the equivalent proportion of general vehicle fuel battery is between 1.5 ~ 3.Obviously, enter the relation that the air mass flow of pile and excess coefficient and air total amount are couplings, will be changed to variation along with the power output of fuel cell generation.Simultaneously, because the water (gaseous state or liquid state) that the pile internal-response generates needs process cathode reaction passage to take out of, if the untimely eliminating of aqueous water that generates, the water that generates can hinder runner, be so-called water logging phenomenon, cause Performance data to descend, affect the use of fuel cell.In order to improve drainability, the flow of needs raising air or flow velocity are in order to blow down smoothly aqueous water.When idling or little load, because the water yield that generates is less than normal, if keep larger air mass flow always, then easily runner and Surface modification of proton exchange membrane water are all dried up, cause the film overdrying and hydraulic performance decline; If keep less air mass flow always, then be not easy to blow away the aqueous water in the runner and cause water logging.Therefore when idling or little load, the air inlet total amount can not reduce always, also just cause amount of oxygen or equivalent proportion not to reduce, often excess coefficient remains on higher level always, the higher (0.9V ~ 1.2V) of fuel battery voltage when this also just causes idling or little load.And correlative study shows, (0.9V ~ 1.2V) is totally unfavorable to fuel battery service life to higher operating voltage.Studies show that, under idling or small load condition, if reduce the equivalent proportion of oxygen, can effectively reduce fuel cell output voltage, thereby guarantee the useful life of fuel cell.
How so that negative electrode when having higher gas pressure and flow, guarantee that again its temperature and humidity is in OK range, the content (dividing potential drop) that also will guarantee oxygen wherein is lower, so that the output voltage of fuel cell remains at low levels, the durability that is conducive to fuel cell is a challenge of air system design.In the current fuel battery air system as shown in Figure 1, do not adjust respectively the ability of total air pressure and oxygen content.
Because the cathode reactant of vehicle fuel battery is from the air in the atmosphere, and the humidity and temperature condition of atmosphere is with latitude, height above sea level and season etc. changing widely different, hot and humid (relative humidity near 100%) may occur, high temperature low humidity (relative humidity near 0%) also may occur.The another one shortcoming of air system as shown in Figure 1 is, can not satisfy the ability that the temperature and humidity of fuel cell under extreme condition of work adjusted flexibly: under high temperature low humidity operational environment, if the fuel cell long-term work is done in idling and the next film that occurs easily of small load condition; Under hot and humid operational environment, if fuel cell long-term work high load working condition is next water logging appears easily.
The another one shortcoming of air system as shown in Figure 1 is that after shutdown, the oxygen in the whole air system pipeline can't eliminate, and the air system pipeline was in the oxygen enrichment state when fuel cell left standstill.After anode hydrogen gas was cut off, along with the increase of time of repose, the oxygen of cathode side can further see through proton exchange membrane and entering anode, so that anode also is in the oxygen enrichment state after progressively the hydrogen consumption of anode is complete.This oxygen enrichment state can accelerate the decline of pile, so that fuel battery service life significantly shortens.
The another one shortcoming of air system as shown in Figure 1 is, in order to guarantee the function such as pile draining, need to enter from the more air of atmosphere pile, owing to have the impurity such as particulate and sulphur in the atmosphere, these impurity will be accelerated the decay of pile; Therefore need special machinery and chemical filter to come these impurity of filtering; The air mass flow that strengthens means that the volume of machinery and chemical filter and cost increase, and perhaps accelerate the decay of its useful life.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of air system design that can realize cathode exhaust gas recirculation, can accurately control the conditional parameters such as air pressure, total flow, temperature, humidity and oxygen content that enter pile, thereby for pile work provides the ideal operation condition, reach and accelerate to improve under pile warming-up process, the low humidity environmental condition pile humidification effect under raising pile efficient and prolongation pile life-span, the cryogenic conditions.
One of feature of the present invention is:
A kind of cathode exhaust gas recirculating system for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, it is characterized in that: be a kind ofly to realize being applicable to maximum working pressure greater than the cathode exhaust gas recirculating system of 1.5bar to what air pressure, air total flow, air themperature, air humidity and the oxygen content in air that enters pile carried out Synchronization Control based on computer-aided control, contain control section and cathode exhaust gas recycle sections, wherein:
Control section contains: a controller, the control valve that vacuum pump and vacuum tank and seven each free electromagnetically operated valves and vacuum valve serial connection form, also has the common transducer group that forms of a plurality of temperature sensors, humidity sensor and pressure sensor herein, represent with S, send transducing signal to controller, wherein
Each vacuum valve adopts the vacuum diaphragm plate valve, position transducer is installed to realize the accurate control of valve flow at valve rod; Each electromagnetically operated valve signal input part parallel connection links to each other with the control signal input of described controller and vacuum pump respectively by a pressure sensor, described controller is brought in the duty ratio of adjusting each described electromagnetically operated valve, the vacuum degree of regulating each described vacuum valve by the control of each described electromagnetically operated valve;
The cathode exhaust gas recycle sections comprises machinery and chemical filter unit, intake and exhaust loop and exhaust gas recycling loop, wherein:
The intake and exhaust loop comprises intake channel and exhaust channel, wherein:
Intake channel starts from the air outlet slit of open to atmosphere described machinery and chemical filter unit, contain successively: first sensor group S1, air flow sensor, the first control valve V1, the second transducer group S2, air compressor, the second control valve V2, radiator, the 4th control valve V4, the air intake of humidifier and pile, on the bypass circulation of described radiator, also be provided with the 3rd control valve V3, on described humidifier bypass circulation, also be provided with the 5th control valve V5, wherein, the second control valve V2 and the 3rd control valve V3 are the inlet temperature control valve groups that a realization enters the cathode gas temperature closed loop control of pile, and the 4th control valve V4 and the 5th control valve V5 are the gas humidity control valve groups that a realization enters the cathode gas humidity closed-loop control of pile;
Exhaust channel starts from the air outlet slit of described pile, contains successively the 5th transducer group S5, condenser, lambda sensor, four-sensor group S4 and the 7th control valve V7;
Exhaust gas recycling loop is positioned at before the described air compressor, start from the output through described four-sensor group S4, be terminated to the porch of described air compressor, described air inlet loop and exhausting loop have been communicated with, form an air outlet slit from described pile and passed through successively described the 5th transducer group S5, condenser, lambda sensor, four-sensor group S4, be located at the 6th control valve V6 on the described branch road, air compressor, the second control valve V2, radiator, the 3rd control valve V3, the 4th control valve V4, the 5th control valve V6 and humidifier arrive the exhaust gas recycling loop of described pile air intake, wherein:
The 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1 and the 7th control valve V7 be one group and realize the volumetric flow of gas of flexible allocation recirculation and the ratio of oxygen components, to reach the control valve group of adjusting the total gas couette that enters pile, total pressure, oxygen partial pressure purpose;
The 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1, air flow sensor and lambda sensor are parts of realizing whole air loop oxygen content closed loop feedback control;
It is 100% shutdown control valve group that the 6th control valve V6 under the first control valve V1 under the complete shut-down state, the 7th control valve V7 and the full-gear has consisted of an exhaust gas recirculatioon ratio;
The first control valve V1 under the normally off, the 6th control valve V6, the 7th control valve V7 totally three control valves consist of one group and shut down and deposit the control valve group;
The 3rd control valve V3 under the second control valve V2 under the complete shut-down state, the 4th control valve V4 and the full-gear, the 5th control valve V5 have jointly consisted of a low temperature cold machine and have started fast the control valve group;
When the aperture of the 6th control valve V6 during greater than the aperture of the first control valve V1, the 7th control valve V7 described the 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1, the 7th control valve V7 jointly consisted of the high potential control valve group under an idling and the little load, also be simultaneously a control valve group that occurs the water logging phenomenon when preventing the long-term little load operation of pile;
Aperture has consisted of the control valve group that prevents that the pile film from doing jointly through the 4th control valve V4, the 5th control valve V5 that adjusts when idling and little load operation.
Two of feature of the present invention is:
A kind of cathode exhaust gas recirculating system for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, it is characterized in that: be a kind ofly to realize being applicable to maximum working pressure less than or equal to the cathode exhaust gas recirculating system of 1.5bar to what air pressure, air total flow, air themperature, air humidity and the oxygen content in air that enters pile carried out Synchronization Control based on computer-aided control, contain control section and cathode exhaust gas recycle sections, wherein:
Control section contains: a controller, the control valve that vacuum pump and vacuum tank and seven each free electromagnetically operated valves and vacuum valve serial connection form, also has the common transducer group that forms of a plurality of temperature sensors, humidity sensor and pressure sensor herein, represent with S, send transducing signal to controller, wherein
Each vacuum valve adopts the vacuum diaphragm plate valve, position transducer is installed to realize the accurate control of valve flow at valve rod; Each electromagnetically operated valve signal input part parallel connection links to each other with the control signal input of described controller and vacuum pump respectively by a pressure sensor, described controller is brought in the duty ratio of adjusting each described electromagnetically operated valve, the vacuum degree of regulating each described vacuum valve by the control of each described electromagnetically operated valve;
The cathode exhaust gas recycle sections comprises machinery and chemical filter unit, intake and exhaust loop and exhaust gas recycling loop, wherein:
The intake and exhaust loop comprises intake channel and exhaust channel, wherein:
Intake channel starts from the air outlet slit of open to atmosphere described machinery and chemical filter unit, contain successively: first sensor group S1, air flow sensor, the first control valve V1, the second transducer group S2, air compressor, the second control valve V2, radiator, the 4th control valve V4, the air intake of humidifier and pile, on the bypass circulation of described radiator, also be provided with the 3rd control valve V3, on described humidifier bypass circulation, also be provided with the 5th control valve V5, wherein, the second control valve V2 and the 3rd control valve V3 are the inlet temperature control valve groups that a realization enters the cathode gas temperature closed loop control of pile, and the 4th control valve V4 and the 5th control valve V5 are the gas humidity control valve groups that a realization enters the cathode gas humidity closed-loop control of pile;
Exhaust channel starts from the air outlet slit of described pile, contains successively the 5th transducer group S5, condenser, lambda sensor, four-sensor group S4 and the 7th control valve V7;
Exhaust gas recycling loop is positioned at after the described air compressor, start from the output through described four-sensor group S4, be terminated to the exit of described air compressor, described air inlet loop and exhausting loop have been communicated with, form an air outlet slit from described pile and passed through successively described the 5th transducer group S5, condenser, lambda sensor, four-sensor group S4, be located at the 6th control valve V6 on the described branch road, air pump, the second control valve V2, radiator, the 3rd control valve V3, the 4th control valve V4, the 5th control valve V6 and humidifier arrive the exhaust gas recycling loop of described pile air intake, wherein:
The 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1 and the 7th control valve V7 be one group and realize the volumetric flow of gas of flexible allocation recirculation and the ratio of oxygen components, to reach the control valve group of adjusting the total gas couette that enters pile, total pressure, oxygen partial pressure purpose;
The 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1, air flow sensor and lambda sensor are parts of realizing whole air loop oxygen content closed loop feedback control;
It is 100% shutdown control valve group that the 6th control valve V6 under the first control valve V1 under the complete shut-down state, the 7th control valve V7 and the full-gear has consisted of an exhaust gas recirculatioon ratio;
The first control valve V1 under the normally off, the 6th control valve V6, the 7th control valve V7 totally three control valves consist of one group and shut down and deposit the control valve group;
The 3rd control valve V3 under the second control valve V2 under the complete shut-down state, the 4th control valve V4 and the full-gear, the 5th control valve V5 have jointly consisted of a low temperature cold machine and have started fast the control valve group;
When the aperture of the 6th control valve V6 during greater than the aperture of the first control valve V1, the 7th control valve V7 described the 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1, the 7th control valve V7 jointly consisted of the high potential control valve group under an idling and the little load, also be simultaneously a control valve group that occurs the water logging phenomenon when preventing the long-term little load operation of pile;
Aperture has consisted of the control valve group that prevents that the pile film from doing jointly through the 4th control valve V4, the 5th control valve V5 that adjusts when idling and little load operation.
Description of drawings
A kind of typical fuel battery air of Fig. 1 system, legend is as follows:
Fig. 2 is with the fuel battery air system diagram (recirculation circuit is before air compressor machine or fan) of exhaust gas recirculatioon
Fig. 3 is with the fuel battery air system diagram (recirculation circuit is after air compressor machine or fan) of exhaust gas recirculatioon
Fig. 4 is with the exemplary embodiments (recirculation circuit is before air compressor machine or fan) of the fuel battery air system of exhaust gas recirculatioon, and legend is as follows:
Embodiment
Of the present invention 2 kinds with the fuel battery air system of exhaust gas recirculatioon respectively shown in accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3, its work characteristics is as described below.
(1) recirculation circuit: will be incorporated into again by the gas that the pile cathode outlet is discharged the inlet circuit of pile with an exhaust gas recycling loop; According to the scope of air system operating pressure, there is two schemes to select; The 1st kind of scheme as shown in Figure 2, for parts 11(pile body) large (the high pressure pile of operating pressure, for example the maximum working pressure of pile is greater than 1.5bar) scheme, recirculation circuit (containing pipeline and parts 15 is control valve V6) can be arranged in parts 3(air compressor machine) before; The 2nd kind of scheme as shown in Figure 3, for parts 11(pile body) the scheme of operating pressure less (low pressure pile), recirculation circuit (containing pipeline and parts 15 is control valve V6) can be arranged in after the parts 3, increase an air driven parts 18(air compressor or fan at recirculation circuit simultaneously), whole air system can be installed necessary temperature as required, pressure and relative humidity sensor detect respectively atmosphere, parts 3(air compressor machine or fan) outlet, parts 11(pile body) entrance and exit and parts 15(control valve V6) the front gaseous state of entrance.
(2) temperature of air loop control: shown in accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3, for the gas temperature after flexibly control process compressor or the fan, before radiator, dispose parts 4(control valve V2) and parts 5(control valve V3), can flexible allocation the flow through gas flow of radiator realizes entering parts 11(pile body) the closed-loop control of cathode gas temperature; The function of flow control valve V2 and V3 also can be replaced by a triple valve.
(3) humidity of air loop control: shown in accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3, in order to control flexibly the gas humidity that enters pile, before humidifier, dispose parts 7(control valve V4) and parts 8(bypass flow control valve V5), thereby the gas flow of the humidifier of can flexible allocation flowing through realizes entering parts 11(pile body) the humidity of cathode gas; The function of flow control valve V4 and V5 also can be replaced by a triple valve.
(4) oxygen content regulation mechanism: in accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3, on exhaust gas recycling loop, be provided with parts 15(control valve V6), respectively with the air intlet loop on parts 2(control valve V1) and outlet loop on parts 16(control valve V7) cooperate, realize the volumetric flow of gas of flexible allocation recirculation and the ratio of oxygen components, thereby reach the purpose of total gas couette, total pressure and oxygen partial pressure that flexible adjustment enters pile.
For example: when parts 11(pile body) be under rated output (large load) condition of work, parts 2(control valve V1) standard-sized sheet, parts 15(control valve V6) complete shut-down, at this moment exhaust gas recirculatioon ratio is zero, enter parts 11(pile body) all be fresh air (oxygen content is the oxygen content in the local atmosphere), support the large load operation of pile; This moment, the operating pressure of air and total flow can be by parts 3(compressor or air fan 1) and parts 16(control valve V7) cooperate and finish.
When pile progressively reduces power, because required corresponding the reducing of oxygen flow, can be with parts 2(control valve V1) aperture progressively open little, the aperture of parts 15 (control valve V6) progressively becomes large, thereby progressively improve the ratio of exhaust gas recirculatioon, its effect is that oxygen flow reduces, and enters parts 11(pile body) total gas couette and pressure adjustable; Regulate the aperture of V1, V6 and V7 by control system, just can realize entering the independent control of total gas flow rate, total pressure and the oxygen partial pressure (flow) of pile, thereby realize the output voltage (affected by the dividing potential drop of oxygen) of pile and the decoupling zero control of pile draining (total flow and total pressure).
(5) oxygen content ratio oxygen content closed-loop control: enter parts 11(pile body in order accurately to control), can be on the inlet circuit of air, being provided with parts 1 is air flow sensor, can survey the fresh air flow that the parts 2 of flowing through are control valve V1; On the air outlet slit loop of pile, being provided with parts 14 is that lambda sensor is with the oxygen content in the actual measurement exhaust; Combined control stream is the gas flow of control valve V6 through parts 15, can realize the closed loop feedback control of the oxygen content of whole air loop; Also can be without lambda sensor, but the power efficiency of fuel cell is estimated the amount of oxygen that the pile internal-response consumes, thereby can be estimated remaining amount of oxygen in the exhaust; Realize oxygen content state estimation and the closed-loop control of Physical modeling based.
(6) shut down control procedure: as parts 2(control valve V1) and parts 16(control valve V7) complete shut-down and parts 15(control valve V6) under the condition of standard-sized sheet, the ratio that reaches exhaust gas recirculatioon is 100%, at this moment because exhaust Multiple through then out recirculation circuit enters parts 11(pile body), oxygen is wherein fallen by step-reaction, therefore the oxygen content in the whole exhaust progressively reduces, until be zero, reaction stops, and pile enters nonreactive nature; At this moment the gas componant of whole cathode side mainly comprises steam and nitrogen, does not have oxygen, and the reaction nature stops, and pile is output HIGH voltage no longer, thereby can naturally shut down to protect durability and the life-span of pile; This moment, air compressor machine and recirculation circuit cooperated, and still can produce gas flow and the pressure of expectation, aqueous water remaining in the pile can be discharged, guarantee after the shutdown pile inside under the cryogenic conditions not can owing to residual have water freeze cause the damage of pile.
Consider that after the shutdown, actuator is in off-position, control valve V1 and the V7 that connects atmosphere can be designed to normally close valve, automatically shut down after the outage and be connected connection with atmosphere and get final product.
(7) idling is controlled with little load process: idling is similar to above-mentioned stopping process with little load process control, parts 2(control valve V1 just) and parts 16(control valve V7) can complete shut-down not dead, but keep suitable aperture according to power demand, the gas and the peripheral atmosphere that namely ensure suitable flow exchange, and parts 15(control valve V6) can keep than wide-angle, namely passing in and out parts 11(pile body) inner flow keeps larger, at this moment oxygen concentration can be adjusted between 0% ~ 20% flexibly, guarantee that fuel cell output voltage and power all remain at low levels, the high voltage when having avoided idling and little load occurs; Drive the gas flow of recirculation to guarantee to get rid of the aqueous water that long-play generates by air compressor machine or fan (parts 3 in the accompanying drawing 2 and parts 18 in the accompanying drawing 3) simultaneously; Thereby avoided parts 11(pile body) problem of the easy water logging of long-term little load operation; By adjustment component 7(control valve V4) and parts 8(control valve V5) aperture, the flexible air capacity of control and participate in humidification can be avoided again the problem that the pile film is done under idling and the little loading condiction.Above-mentioned under idling and sub-load condition, regulating action by exhaust gas recycling loop, can guarantee with the gas flow of peripheral atmosphere exchange less, namely reduced the amount of fresh air that enters from mechanical and chemical filter, improve the service efficiency of machinery and chemical filter, can effectively prolong its useful life.
(8) parking is deposited in the process; can be with parts 2(control valve V1) and parts 16(control valve V7) be set to the normally closed state that cuts off the power supply; owing to shutting down back part 11(pile body) and recirculating line in gas componant be mainly nitrogen and steam does not have oxygen; therefore only have nitrogen can penetrate proton exchange membrane and enter anode; the situation that oxygen enters anode-side generation chemical corrosion reaction can not occur, and can guarantee that the vehicle long storage time lacks the performance of not damaging pile.
(9) the low temperature cold machine starts fast: under cryogenic conditions, this moment can be with parts 4(control valve V2) and parts 7(control valve V4) close, with parts 5(control valve V3) and parts 8(control valve V5) standard-sized sheet, can pass through recirculation circuit (parts 15, control valve V6) and the air driven parts, to being parts 3 air compressor machines in the accompanying drawing 2, to in the accompanying drawing 3 being parts 18(air fan 2), because air compressor machine or fan itself have the air pressurized heating function, perhaps cooperate special air heating apparatus (not shown in FIG.), can will enter parts 11(pile body) air be heated rapidly to above zero, so that whole air system is rapidly heated, thereby guarantee that electrochemical reaction can occur smoothly in pile inside, the heat that recycling pile self is produced is further accelerated cold machine start-up course.Treat that temperature reaches certain value (warming-up success) afterwards, just begin heat exchange and humidification process with radiator and humidifier, thereby can greatly shorten the warming-up process of fuel cell system.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme, following advantage is arranged: 1, this programme is owing to introduced the exhaust gas recirculatioon function, can independently adjust so that enter total flow, total pressure and the oxygen flow of pile, thereby accomplished by the control oxygen content when limiting the pile monolithic voltage, can also adjust flexibly total flow and total pressure and realize reliable draining control, water logging or the film effectively having avoided reducing to cause owing to the air inlet total amount under this type of operating mode are done phenomenon, improve fuel battery service life; 2, this programme the radiator of fuel battery air system and humidifier all in parallel bypass line and control valve thereof, so that system is more flexible to the control of inlet temperature and humidity, the gas that is conducive to enter pile can keep best humidity, temperature according to the pile situation, and then can improve pile efficient and durability; 3, this programme has been introduced the exhaust gas recirculatioon function, can dry up rapidly the aqueous water of pile inside in stopping process, prevents that pile from damaging pile because of the residual water freezing in inside under cryogenic conditions; 4, the exhaust gas recirculatioon of this programme and shutdown control strategy are so that ducted oxygen constantly reduces until exhaust; By closing the control valve that communicates with surrounding air, make air system form the closed-loop path, make in the stopping process in the whole pipeline to be full of inert nitrogen gas, avoid shutting down for a long time the problem that oxygen enters the anodic attack pile, can improve the pile life-span; 5, this programme has been introduced the exhaust gas recirculatioon function, has reduced the amount of fresh air of the system that enters, and reduces the load of machinery and chemical filter, has improved its useful life; 6, this programme by-pass governing of having introduced exhaust gas recirculatioon function and heat radiation, humidification combines, and can accelerate the warming-up speed of pile under cryogenic conditions;
Below in conjunction with the exemplary embodiments of accompanying drawing 4 with the fuel battery air system of exhaust gas recirculatioon, describe the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 can adopt different means to realize with flow control valve V1 ~ V7 in the accompanying drawing 3, both can with the electronic throttle in the conventional engines control system, also can adopt by motor-driven butterfly valve.In the present embodiment, adopted mature and reliable in the orthodox car industry, cost is low and with the vacuum diaphragm plate valve of position feedback as control valve, its characteristics can be controlled by the vacuum degree at vacuum diaphragm two ends the relative position of valve rod and valve seat, i.e. equivalent actual internal area; Position transducer is installed to realize the accurate control of valve flow on the valve rod.Adopt the vacuum diaphragm plate valve as the fuel battery air system implementation of actuator as shown in Figure 4, vacuum pump 19(contains the vacuum accumulator) the certain vacuum degree of generation, the controller 20 of fuel cell can be respectively by adjusting the duty ratio of electromagnetically operated valve K1-K7, regulate the vacuum degree of vacuum diaphragm plate valve V1-V7, also just change stem position and the equivalent actual internal area of V1 ~ V7, realized the flow adjustment to air loop.The position sensor signal that is installed on V1 ~ V7 is connected to controller 20, and feedback stem position signal separately is to be the position closed loop control that realizes control valve, accurately control flow separately.
Air from atmosphere at first enters 17(machinery and chemical filter unit), by filtering particle and impurity, through 2(vacuum valve V1) outlet after, in parallel with the outlet from exhaust gas recirculation passages, be connected to the 3(air compressor machine) entrance; The outlet of air compressor machine 3 is connected to two feeder connections, passage is through parts 4(vacuum valve V2) with the 6(radiator) entrance link to each other, another passage is bypass line in parallel, and flow control valve 5(vacuum valve V3 is arranged on the pipeline), but Effective Regulation enters the gas flow of radiator; The outlet of radiator 6 merges with the outlet of bypass in parallel, and connect the entrance of two passages, one by through 7(vacuum valve V4) connect the 9(humidifier) entrance, another passage be bypass line in parallel, and the 8(control valve V5 that controls flow is arranged on the pipeline); The outlet of humidifier 9 and the outlet of bypass line thereof connect 11(pile body after merging) entrance; The outlet of pile 11 connects the 12(condenser) entrance, condenser 12 is used for exit gas is lowered the temperature and reclaimed moisture; The outlet of condenser 12 is through the 14(lambda sensor) after, will be divided into two pipelines, one by 16(vacuum valve V7) communicate with atmospheric environment, be gas exhaust piping; Another then enters exhaust gas recirculation passages, this passage 15(vacuum valve V6 that flows through) after, its outlet and 2(vacuum valve V1) outlet in parallel, enter again the 3(air compressor machine after the merging) entrance.Vacuum pump 19(contains vacuum tank) link to each other respectively at vacuum valve V1-V7 by electromagnetically operated valve K1-K7, each electromagnetically operated valve is controlled by the fuel cell system controller.
According to the scope of air system operating pressure, exhaust gas recycling loop (containing air pipe line and vacuum valve V6) can be arranged in parts 3(air compressor machine) entrance before; Also recirculation circuit (containing air pipe line and vacuum valve V6) can be arranged in after the outlet of parts 3, at this moment will add air driven device 18 on the exhaust gas recycling loop; After parallel connection is carried out in the outlet of the outlet of at this moment exhaust gas recirculatioon and air compressor machine 3, enter again radiator and bypass passageways thereof with vacuum valve V2 and V3.
When the present invention carries out work for the natural fuel battery system, controller is by receiving each sensor signal, voltage, the current conditions of the output of Real-Time Monitoring pile, and gas temperature, humidity, pressure state, realize the different opening of each vacuum valve by the control to each electromagnetically operated valve, thereby adjust at any time the state parameter such as oxygen concentration, humidity, temperature, pressure of air inlet, realize that pile always works in preferable states, voltage maintains between about 0.6V-0.8V, do phenomenon without obvious water logging or film, make the efficient of pile and life-span all reach optimization.
Concrete operating mode below in conjunction with fuel cell pile is elaborated to the optimization effectiveness of pile to the present invention.
Large load condition: it is larger to be power demand, and fuel cell pile is in the state of better working point.Need not to utilize this moment EGR to reduce oxygen concentration in the air inlet, so 15(vacuum valve V6) be in buttoned-up status, waste gas is all by 16(vacuum valve V7) enter in the environment.2(vacuum valve V1) then is in full-gear, is beneficial to the minimizing inlet loss.Mainly play effectiveness this moment is respectively at radiator 2 and humidifier 3 bypass circulation mutually arranged side by side, also is vacuum valve V2-V5.
When the outlet temperature of air compressor machine 3 is normal, the 4(vacuum valve V2 of radiator 6 porch) standard-sized sheet, and the 5(vacuum valve V3 on the bypass circulation) close fully, gas all cools off by radiator 6.Radiator part air-flow moves towards as shown in Figure 4, and the direction of arrow is airflow direction.When the air compressor machine outlet temperature is low, the 5(vacuum valve V3 on radiator 6 bypass circulations) open, control accordingly electromagnetically operated valve K2, the K3 control that cooperatively interacts, the aperture of vacuum valve V2 and vacuum valve V3 is coordinated mutually, adjustment enters the gas flow of radiator 6.Temperature is lower, and the gas flow ratio of radiator 6 bypass circulations of flowing through is larger.Thereby the gas temperature to humidifier 9 porch is controlled, and makes it the suitable pile that enters.
Surrounding air humidity hour, the 7(vacuum valve V4 of humidifier 9 porch) standard-sized sheet, and the 8(vacuum valve V5 on its bypass circulation) close, gas all carries out humidification by humidifier 9, so that ambient humidity can satisfy the pile requirement.And when surrounding air humidity was larger, vacuum valve V5 on humidifier 9 bypass circulations opened, and controlled accordingly electromagnetically operated valve K4, the K5 control that cooperatively interacts, and the aperture of vacuum valve V4 and vacuum valve V5 is coordinated mutually, and adjustment enters the gas flow of humidifier 9.Ambient humidity is larger, and the gas flow ratio of humidifier 9 bypass circulations of flowing through is larger.Thereby the gas humidity to 11 pile body porch is adjusted, and makes it the suitable pile that enters.
Idling/little load: under idling or small load condition, except the bypass circulation in parallel with radiator 6 and humidifier 9 and vacuum valve V2-V5 played a role, even more important then was cooperatively interacting of vacuum valve V1, V6, V7 aperture.
Under idling or the small load condition, operation of fuel cells is less at electric current, under the higher state of voltage, is unfavorable for the prolongation in its useful life.The effective way that reduces voltage this moment namely is to adopt the concept of concentration overvoltage, reduces the excess coefficient of oxygen.A kind of way reduces air compressor machine power exactly, reduces the air inlet total amount.The method is so that air inlet total amount and voltage drop degree are linked up with, and the air inlet total amount is received restriction, and owing to reduced gas gross, so that gas carries the moisture ability and descends, easily causes the water logging phenomenon of pile.For avoiding this phenomenon, the present invention has introduced gas recirculation system in the fuel battery air system, can be in the situation that does not reduce the air inlet total amount, effectively reduce the excess coefficient of oxygen, reach the purpose of fuel cell voltage, simultaneously air inlet total amount is still controlled, not limited by the voltage drop degree.
When idling voltage was higher, the vacuum valve V6 that is used for the control EGR opened, and the low waste gas of drying, oxygen content of being discharged by condenser 12 outlets reenters in the admission line.The aperture of vacuum valve V6 is larger, the aperture of vacuum valve V7 is less, and then the ratio that reenters in the admission line of waste gas is larger, and the waste gas ratio of discharge is less, thereby the contribution that oxygen content in the air inlet is reduced is just larger.This ratio will constantly be adjusted, until voltage is limited in below the 0.8V.
Shut down: the key in the stopping process is to remove oxygen residual in the pile.The bypass circulation of radiator 6 and humidifier 9 parallel connections, namely vacuum valve V2-V5 normally plays a role.And vacuum valve V1 and V7 close gradually, and vacuum valve V6 opens, and form closed circulation, and waste gas flows in whole air system back and forth, until oxygen expenditure is totally shut down afterwards.At this moment, nitrogen and little water steam are only arranged in the fuel cell system air loop, can think to be full of inert gas, eliminated at fuel cell and shut down the effect of depositing the corrosion of oxygen pile in the process, can effectively prolong the pile life-span.
Claims (2)
1. cathode exhaust gas recirculating system that is used for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, it is characterized in that: be a kind ofly to realize being applicable to maximum working pressure greater than the cathode exhaust gas recirculating system of 1.5bar to what air pressure, air total flow, air themperature, air humidity and the oxygen content in air that enters pile carried out Synchronization Control based on computer-aided control, contain control section and cathode exhaust gas recycle sections, wherein:
Control section contains: a controller, the control valve that vacuum pump and vacuum tank and seven each free electromagnetically operated valves and vacuum valve serial connection form, also has the common transducer group that forms of a plurality of temperature sensors, humidity sensor and pressure sensor herein, represent with S, send transducing signal to controller, wherein
Each vacuum valve adopts the vacuum diaphragm plate valve, position transducer is installed to realize the accurate control of valve flow at valve rod; Each electromagnetically operated valve signal input part parallel connection links to each other with the control signal input of described controller and vacuum pump respectively by a pressure sensor, described controller is brought in the duty ratio of adjusting each described electromagnetically operated valve, the vacuum degree of regulating each described vacuum valve by the control of each described electromagnetically operated valve;
The cathode exhaust gas recycle sections comprises machinery and chemical filter unit, intake and exhaust loop and exhaust gas recycling loop, wherein:
The intake and exhaust loop comprises intake channel and exhaust channel, wherein:
Intake channel starts from the air outlet slit of open to atmosphere described machinery and chemical filter unit, contain successively: first sensor group S1, air flow sensor, the first control valve V1, the second transducer group S2, air compressor, the second control valve V2, radiator, the 4th control valve V4, the air intake of humidifier and pile, on the bypass circulation of described radiator, also be provided with the 3rd control valve V3, on described humidifier bypass circulation, also be provided with the 5th control valve V5, wherein, the second control valve V2 and the 3rd control valve V3 are the inlet temperature control valve groups that a realization enters the cathode gas temperature closed loop control of pile, and the 4th control valve V4 and the 5th control valve V5 are the gas humidity control valve groups that a realization enters the cathode gas humidity closed-loop control of pile;
Exhaust channel starts from the air outlet slit of described pile, contains successively the 5th transducer group S5, condenser, lambda sensor, four-sensor group S4 and the 7th control valve V7;
Exhaust gas recycling loop is positioned at before the described air compressor, start from the output through described four-sensor group S4, be terminated to the porch of described air compressor, described air inlet loop and exhausting loop have been communicated with, form an air outlet slit from described pile and passed through successively described the 5th transducer group S5, condenser, lambda sensor, four-sensor group S4, be located at the 6th control valve V6 on the described branch road, air compressor, the second control valve V2, radiator, the 3rd control valve V3, the 4th control valve V4, the 5th control valve V6 and humidifier arrive the exhaust gas recycling loop of described pile air intake, wherein:
The 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1 and the 7th control valve V7 be one group and realize the volumetric flow of gas of flexible allocation recirculation and the ratio of oxygen components, to reach the control valve group of adjusting the total gas couette that enters pile, total pressure, oxygen partial pressure purpose;
The 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1, air flow sensor and lambda sensor are parts of realizing whole air loop oxygen content closed loop feedback control;
It is 100% shutdown control valve group that the 6th control valve V6 under the first control valve V1 under the complete shut-down state, the 7th control valve V7 and the full-gear has consisted of an exhaust gas recirculatioon ratio;
The first control valve V1 under the normally off, the 6th control valve V6, the 7th control valve V7 totally three control valves consist of one group and shut down and deposit the control valve group;
The 3rd control valve V3 under the second control valve V2 under the complete shut-down state, the 4th control valve V4 and the full-gear, the 5th control valve V5 have jointly consisted of a low temperature cold machine and have started fast the control valve group;
When the aperture of the 6th control valve V6 during greater than the aperture of the first control valve V1, the 7th control valve V7 described the 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1, the 7th control valve V7 jointly consisted of the high potential control valve group under an idling and the little load, also be simultaneously a control valve group that occurs the water logging phenomenon when preventing the long-term little load operation of pile;
Aperture has consisted of the control valve group that prevents that the pile film from doing jointly through the 4th control valve V4, the 5th control valve V5 that adjusts when idling and little load operation.
2. cathode exhaust gas recirculating system that is used for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, it is characterized in that: be a kind ofly to realize being applicable to maximum working pressure less than or equal to the cathode exhaust gas recirculating system of 1.5bar to what air pressure, air total flow, air themperature, air humidity and the oxygen content in air that enters pile carried out Synchronization Control based on computer-aided control, contain control section and cathode exhaust gas recycle sections, wherein:
Control section contains: a controller, the control valve that vacuum pump and vacuum tank and seven each free electromagnetically operated valves and vacuum valve serial connection form, also has the common transducer group that forms of a plurality of temperature sensors, humidity sensor and pressure sensor herein, represent with S, send transducing signal to controller, wherein
Each vacuum valve adopts the vacuum diaphragm plate valve, position transducer is installed to realize the accurate control of valve flow at valve rod; Each electromagnetically operated valve signal input part parallel connection links to each other with the control signal input of described controller and vacuum pump respectively by a pressure sensor, described controller is brought in the duty ratio of adjusting each described electromagnetically operated valve, the vacuum degree of regulating each described vacuum valve by the control of each described electromagnetically operated valve;
The cathode exhaust gas recycle sections comprises machinery and chemical filter unit, intake and exhaust loop and exhaust gas recycling loop, wherein:
The intake and exhaust loop comprises intake channel and exhaust channel, wherein:
Intake channel starts from the air outlet slit of open to atmosphere described machinery and chemical filter unit, contain successively: first sensor group S1, air flow sensor, the first control valve V1, the second transducer group S2, air compressor, the second control valve V2, radiator, the 4th control valve V4, the air intake of humidifier and pile, on the bypass circulation of described radiator, also be provided with the 3rd control valve V3, on described humidifier bypass circulation, also be provided with the 5th control valve V5, wherein, the second control valve V2 and the 3rd control valve V3 are the inlet temperature control valve groups that a realization enters the cathode gas temperature closed loop control of pile, and the 4th control valve V4 and the 5th control valve V5 are the gas humidity control valve groups that a realization enters the cathode gas humidity closed-loop control of pile;
Exhaust channel starts from the air outlet slit of described pile, contains successively the 5th transducer group S5, condenser, lambda sensor, four-sensor group S4 and the 7th control valve V7;
Exhaust gas recycling loop is positioned at after the described air compressor, start from the output through described four-sensor group S4, be terminated to the exit of described air compressor, described air inlet loop and exhausting loop have been communicated with, form an air outlet slit from described pile and passed through successively described the 5th transducer group S5, condenser, lambda sensor, four-sensor group S4, be located at the 6th control valve V6 on the described branch road, air pump, the second control valve V2, radiator, the 3rd control valve V3, the 4th control valve V4, the 5th control valve V6 and humidifier arrive the exhaust gas recycling loop of described pile air intake, wherein:
The 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1 and the 7th control valve V7 be one group and realize the volumetric flow of gas of flexible allocation recirculation and the ratio of oxygen components, to reach the control valve group of adjusting the total gas couette that enters pile, total pressure, oxygen partial pressure purpose;
The 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1, air flow sensor and lambda sensor are parts of realizing whole air loop oxygen content closed loop feedback control;
It is 100% shutdown control valve group that the 6th control valve V6 under the first control valve V1 under the complete shut-down state, the 7th control valve V7 and the full-gear has consisted of an exhaust gas recirculatioon ratio;
The first control valve V1 under the normally off, the 6th control valve V6, the 7th control valve V7 totally three control valves consist of one group and shut down and deposit the control valve group;
The 3rd control valve V3 under the second control valve V2 under the complete shut-down state, the 4th control valve V4 and the full-gear, the 5th control valve V5 have jointly consisted of a low temperature cold machine and have started fast the control valve group;
When the aperture of the 6th control valve V6 during greater than the aperture of the first control valve V1, the 7th control valve V7 described the 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1, the 7th control valve V7 jointly consisted of the high potential control valve group under an idling and the little load, also be simultaneously a control valve group that occurs the water logging phenomenon when preventing the long-term little load operation of pile;
Aperture has consisted of the control valve group that prevents that the pile film from doing jointly through the 4th control valve V4, the 5th control valve V5 that adjusts when idling and little load operation.
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