CN203326036U - Cathode exhaust gas recirculation system used for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) - Google Patents
Cathode exhaust gas recirculation system used for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) Download PDFInfo
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- CN203326036U CN203326036U CN2012207426567U CN201220742656U CN203326036U CN 203326036 U CN203326036 U CN 203326036U CN 2012207426567 U CN2012207426567 U CN 2012207426567U CN 201220742656 U CN201220742656 U CN 201220742656U CN 203326036 U CN203326036 U CN 203326036U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The utility model provides a cathode exhaust gas recirculation system used for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), belonging to the technical field of new energy vehicles. The system is characterized in that an exhaust gas recirculation loop is used for introducing gases exhausted from a pile cathode outlet into an inlet loop of a pile again. The system has the beneficial effects that the total flow, total pressure and oxygen flow entering the pile can be independently adjusted, and flooding or membrane dryness of the pile is effectively avoided while the voltage of the individual pile is limited; liquid water inside the pile can be quickly dried by blowing in a machine halt process, thus preventing the pile from being damaged by freezing of residual water inside the pile under a low temperature condition; the whole pipeline can be filled with nitrogen in the machine halt process, thus preventing oxygen from entering an anode and corroding the pile due to long-time machine halt; the amount of fresh air entering the system is reduced, thus reducing loads of machinery and chemical filters; the service life of the fuel cell can be effectively prolonged and the durability of the fuel cell can be effectively increased by adopting the measures; and meanwhile, by introducing heat dissipating and moistening bypass control, the warm-up speed of the pile under the low temperature condition can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the air system of a proton exchanging film fuel battery, and particularly a kind of advanced Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells air system of introducing the cathode exhaust gas recirculating technique, belong to the new-energy automobile technical field.
Background technology
Proton exchange membrane hydrogen fuel cell (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell is called for short PEMFC) advantage high with its efficiency, zero discharge especially is subject to people's favor.Fuel cell generation is a kind of electrochemical appliance, and chemical energy directly is converted to electric energy, and its conversion process of energy is not limited by Carnot cycle, and theoretical efficiency is higher.The fuel of its consumption is hydrogen, and product is water, and noxious emission is zero, is one of the most clean energy.Therefore fuel cell generation can be used in the fields such as stand-by station, electric automobile and portable power source.
Fuel cell generation comprises several chief components, as shown in Figure 1, fuel cell pile is its core, and the pile periphery has also comprised the accessory systems such as hydrogen system, air system, humidification system, cooling system, power range system and control system.Hydrogen system mainly is responsible for pile the hydrogen supply is provided, and need to regulate Hydrogen Vapor Pressure and the flow that enters pile according to operating condition; Air system is to be air for pile provides appropriate oxidant, need to enter according to regulating working conditions temperature, pressure and the flow of the air of pile; Humidification system be the humidity of the air in order to guarantee to enter pile in certain limit, overdrying and cross and wet proton exchange membrane and pile are had to adverse influence, therefore need to carry out humidity control to the air that enters pile; Cooling system makes stack temperature keep proper level by the mode of circulate coolant, guarantees the reliable and stable work of pile; Power range system is to regulate the output voltage of pile and size and the rate of change of electric current by the DC/DC device; Control system is whole fuel cell generation " brain ", and the subsystems by it to the pile periphery is optimized control, makes pile in optimum Working, guarantees the operation of pile long time stability.
A kind of typical fuel battery air system partly is comprised of air compressor machine, radiator, humidifier, condenser etc., as shown in Figure 1.Surrounding air enters radiator after compressing via air compressor machine, laggardly enter humidifier and carry out humidification by radiator is cooling, enter pile after humidification and carry out electrochemical reaction, the oxygen meeting of cathode side and from the hydrogen ion generation chemical reaction of anode, produce water (gaseous state or liquid state) in the output electric energy, and major part is gone out by the cathode air effluent, therefore participating in reacted cathode air oxygen content descends, water content (humidity) increases, at the pile outlet air, after condenser reclaims moisture, by flow control valve 2, enter in environment.This air system can be controlled air mass flow and the air pressure that enters pile by the coordination of air compressor machine, flow control valve 1 and 2, can adjust inlet temperature by radiator, by humidifier, controls ambient humidity.
Known according to operation principle and the characteristic of property of PEMFC, enter the total amount of oxygen in the air of pile and participate in the amount of oxygen of reaction, be referred to as excess coefficient or equivalent proportion, the equivalent proportion of general vehicle fuel battery is between 1.5 ~ 3.Obviously, enter the relation that the air mass flow of pile and excess coefficient and air total amount are couplings, will be changed to variation along with the power output of fuel cell generation.Simultaneously, the water (gaseous state or liquid state) generated due to the pile internal-response needs to take out of through the cathode reaction passage, if the aqueous water generated is got rid of not in time, the water generated can hinder runner, be so-called water logging phenomenon, cause Performance data to descend, affect the use of fuel cell.In order to improve drainability, the flow of needs raising air or flow velocity are in order to blow down smoothly aqueous water.When idling or little load, because the water yield generated is less than normal, if keep larger air mass flow always, easily runner and Surface modification of proton exchange membrane water are all dried up, cause the film overdrying and hydraulic performance decline; If keep less air mass flow always, be not easy to blow away the aqueous water in runner and cause water logging.Therefore when idling or little load, the air inlet total amount can not reduce always, also just cause amount of oxygen or equivalent proportion not to reduce, often excess coefficient remains on higher level always, fuel battery voltage higher (0.9V ~ 1.2V) when this also just causes idling or little load.And correlative study shows, higher operating voltage (0.9V ~ 1.2V) is totally unfavorable to fuel battery service life.Research shows, under idling or small load condition, if reduce the equivalent proportion of oxygen, can effectively reduce fuel cell output voltage, thereby guarantees the useful life of fuel cell.
When how to make negative electrode there is higher gas pressure and flow, guarantee that again its temperature and humidity is in OK range, the content (dividing potential drop) that also will guarantee oxygen wherein is lower, make the output voltage of fuel cell remain at low levels, the durability that is conducive to fuel cell is a challenge of air system design.In current fuel battery air system as shown in Figure 1, do not adjust respectively the ability of total air pressure and oxygen content.
Because the cathode reactant of vehicle fuel battery is from the air in atmosphere, and the humidity and temperature condition of atmosphere is with latitude, height above sea level and season etc. changing widely different, hot and humid (approaching 100% relative humidity) may occur, high temperature low humidity (approaching 0% relative humidity) also may occur.The another one shortcoming of air system as shown in Figure 1 is, can not meet the ability that the temperature and humidity of fuel cell under extreme condition of work adjusted flexibly: under high temperature low humidity operational environment, if the fuel cell long-term work is in idling with small load condition is next easily occurs that film is dry; Under hot and humid operational environment, if fuel cell long-term work high load working condition is next water logging easily appears.
The another one shortcoming of air system as shown in Figure 1 is, after shutdown, the oxygen in whole air system pipeline can't eliminate, and when fuel cell is standing, the air system pipeline is in the oxygen enrichment state.After anode hydrogen gas is cut off, along with the increase of time of repose, the oxygen of cathode side after progressively the hydrogen consumption of anode is complete, can further see through proton exchange membrane and enter anode, makes anode also in the oxygen enrichment state.This oxygen enrichment state can accelerate the decline of pile, makes fuel battery service life significantly shorten.
The another one shortcoming of air system as shown in Figure 1 is, in order to guarantee the functions such as pile draining, need to enter from the more air of atmosphere pile, and owing to there being the impurity such as particulate and sulphur in atmosphere, these impurity will be accelerated the decay of pile; Therefore need special machinery and chemical filter to carry out these impurity of filtering; The air mass flow strengthened, mean that the volume of machinery and chemical filter and cost increase, or accelerate the decay of its useful life.
The utility model content
For the problems referred to above, the utility model provides a kind of air system design that can realize cathode exhaust gas recirculation, can accurately control the conditional parameters such as air pressure, total flow, temperature, humidity and oxygen content that enter pile, thereby, for pile work provides the ideal operation condition, reach under raising pile efficiency and prolongation pile life-span, cryogenic conditions and accelerate under pile warming-up process, low humidity environmental condition to improve pile humidification effect.
The utility model is characterised in that:
A kind of recirculating system of the cathode exhaust gas for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, it is characterized in that: be a kind ofly based on computer-aided control, to realize that air pressure, air total flow, air themperature, air humidity and oxygen content in air to entering pile carry out the cathode exhaust gas recirculating system that maximum working pressure is greater than 1.5bar that is applicable to of Synchronization Control, contain control section and cathode exhaust gas recycle sections, wherein:
Control section contains: a controller, the control valve that vacuum pump and vacuum tank and seven each free electromagnetically operated valves and vacuum valve serial connection form, also has the common transducer group formed of a plurality of temperature sensors, humidity sensor and pressure sensor herein, with S, mean, send transducing signal to controller, wherein
Each vacuum valve adopts the vacuum diaphragm plate valve, position transducer is installed on valve rod to realize the accurate control of valve flow; Each electromagnetically operated valve signal input part parallel connection is connected with the control signal input of described controller and vacuum pump respectively by a pressure sensor, described controller is brought in the duty ratio of adjusting each described electromagnetically operated valve, the vacuum degree of regulating each described vacuum valve by the control of each described electromagnetically operated valve;
The cathode exhaust gas recycle sections, comprise machinery and chemical filter unit, intake and exhaust loop and exhaust gas recycling loop, wherein:
The intake and exhaust loop comprises intake channel and exhaust channel, wherein:
Intake channel starts from the air outlet slit of open to atmosphere described machinery and chemical filter unit, contain successively: first sensor group S1, air flow sensor, the first control valve V1, the second transducer group S2, air compressor, the second control valve V2, radiator, the 4th control valve V4, the air intake of humidifier and pile, also be provided with the 3rd control valve V3 on the bypass circulation of described radiator, also be provided with the 5th control valve V5 on described humidifier bypass circulation, wherein, the second control valve V2 and the 3rd control valve V3 are the inlet temperature control valve groups that a realization enters the cathode gas temperature closed loop control of pile, the 4th control valve V4 and the 5th control valve V5 are the gas humidity control valve groups that a realization enters the cathode gas humidity closed-loop control of pile,
Exhaust channel starts from the air outlet slit of described pile, contains successively the 5th transducer group S5, condenser, lambda sensor, four-sensor group S4 and the 7th control valve V7;
Before exhaust gas recycling loop is positioned at described air compressor, start from the output through described four-sensor group S4, be terminated to the porch of described air compressor, described air inlet loop and exhausting loop have been communicated with, form an air outlet slit from described pile and passed through successively described the 5th transducer group S5, condenser, lambda sensor, four-sensor group S4, be located at the 6th control valve V6 on described branch road, air compressor, the second control valve V2, radiator, the 3rd control valve V3, the 4th control valve V4, the 5th control valve V6 and humidifier arrive the exhaust gas recycling loop of described pile air intake, wherein:
The 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1 and the 7th control valve V7 be one group and realize the volumetric flow of gas of flexible allocation recirculation and the ratio of oxygen components, to reach the control valve group of adjusting the total gas couette that enters pile, total pressure, oxygen partial pressure purpose;
The 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1, air flow sensor and lambda sensor are parts of realizing that whole air loop oxygen content closed loop feedback is controlled;
The 6th control valve V6 under the first control valve V1 under the complete shut-down state, the 7th control valve V7 and full-gear has formed a shutdown control valve group that the exhaust gas recirculatioon ratio is 100%;
The first control valve V1 under normally off, the 6th control valve V6, the 7th control valve V7 totally three control valves form one group and shut down and deposit the control valve group;
The 3rd control valve V3 under the second control valve V2 under the complete shut-down state, the 4th control valve V4 and full-gear, the 5th control valve V5 have jointly formed a low temperature cold machine and have started fast the control valve group;
When the aperture of the 6th control valve V6 is greater than the aperture of the first control valve V1, the 7th control valve V7, described the 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1, the 7th control valve V7 have formed the high potential control valve group under an idling and little load jointly, are also control valve groups that occurs the water logging phenomenon while preventing the long-term little load operation of pile simultaneously;
When idling and little load operation, aperture has formed through the 4th control valve V4, the 5th control valve V5 adjusted the control valve group that prevents that the pile film is dry jointly.
The accompanying drawing explanation
A kind of typical fuel battery air system of Fig. 1, legend is as follows:
Fig. 2 is with the fuel battery air system diagram of exhaust gas recirculatioon
Fig. 3 is with the exemplary embodiments (recirculation circuit is before air compressor machine or fan) of the fuel battery air system of exhaust gas recirculatioon, and legend is as follows:
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 2, its work characteristics is as described below for the fuel battery air system of exhaust gas recirculatioon described in the utility model.
(1) recirculation circuit: the gas that will be discharged by the pile cathode outlet with an exhaust gas recycling loop is incorporated into the inlet circuit of pile again; Scheme as shown in Figure 2, for parts 11(pile body) large (the high pressure pile of operating pressure, for example the maximum working pressure of pile is greater than 1.5bar) scheme, recirculation circuit (being control valve V6 containing pipeline and parts 15) can be arranged in to parts 3(air compressor machine) before; Whole air system can be installed necessary temperature, pressure and relative humidity sensor as required, detects respectively atmosphere, parts 3(air compressor machine) outlet, parts 11(pile body) entrance and exit and parts 15(control valve V6) gaseous state before entrance.
(2) temperature of air loop is controlled: as shown in Figure 2, in order to control flexibly through the gas temperature after compressor, disposed parts 4(control valve V2 before radiator) and parts 5(control valve V3), can flexible allocation the flow through gas flow of radiator, realize entering parts 11(pile body) the closed-loop control of cathode gas temperature; The function of flow control valve V2 and V3 also can be replaced by a triple valve.
(3) humidity of air loop is controlled: as shown in Figure 2, in order to control flexibly the gas humidity that enters pile, disposed parts 7(control valve V4 before humidifier) and parts 8(bypass flow control valve V5), thereby the gas flow of the humidifier of can flexible allocation flowing through, realize entering parts 11(pile body) the humidity of cathode gas; The function of flow control valve V4 and V5 also can be replaced by a triple valve.
(4) oxygen content regulation mechanism: in accompanying drawing 2, on exhaust gas recycling loop, be provided with parts 15(control valve V6), respectively with parts 2(control valve V1 on the air intlet loop) and outlet loop on parts 16(control valve V7) coordinate, realize the volumetric flow of gas of flexible allocation recirculation and the ratio of oxygen components, thereby reach the purpose of total gas couette, total pressure and oxygen partial pressure that flexible adjustment enters pile.
For example: when parts 11(pile body) under rated output (large load) condition of work, parts 2(control valve V1) standard-sized sheet, parts 15(control valve V6) complete shut-down, at this moment exhaust gas recirculatioon ratio is zero, enter parts 11(pile body) be all fresh air (oxygen content is the oxygen content in local atmosphere), support the large load operation of pile; Now the operating pressure of air and total flow can be by parts 3(compressor or air fan 1) and parts 16(control valve V7) coordinated.
When pile progressively reduces power, because required oxygen flow is corresponding, reduce, can be by parts 2(control valve V1) aperture progressively open little, the aperture of parts 15 (control valve V6) progressively becomes large, thereby progressively improve the ratio of exhaust gas recirculatioon, its effect is that oxygen flow reduces, and enters parts 11(pile body) total gas couette and pressure adjustable; Regulate the aperture of V1, V6 and V7 by control system, just can realize entering the independent of total gas flow rate, total pressure and oxygen partial pressure (flow) of pile and control, thereby realize the output voltage (affected by the dividing potential drop of oxygen) of pile and the decoupling zero control of pile draining (total flow and total pressure).
(5) oxygen content ratio oxygen content closed-loop control: in order accurately to control and to enter parts 11(pile body), can be on the inlet circuit of air, being provided with parts 1 is air flow sensor, can survey the fresh air flow that the parts 2 of flowing through are control valve V1; On the air outlet slit loop of pile, being provided with parts 14 is that lambda sensor is with the oxygen content in the actual measurement exhaust; Combined control stream is the gas flow of control valve V6 through parts 15, can realize that the closed loop feedback of the oxygen content of whole air loop is controlled; Also can be without lambda sensor, but the power efficiency of fuel cell is estimated the amount of oxygen that the pile internal-response consumes, thereby can be estimated remaining amount of oxygen in exhaust; Realize oxygen content state estimation and the closed-loop control of Physical modeling based.
(6) shut down control procedure: as parts 2(control valve V1) and parts 16(control valve V7) complete shut-down and parts 15(control valve V6) under the condition of standard-sized sheet, the ratio that reaches exhaust gas recirculatioon is 100%, at this moment because exhaust Multiple through then out recirculation circuit enters parts 11(pile body), oxygen is wherein fallen by step-reaction, therefore the oxygen content in whole exhaust progressively reduces, until be zero, reaction stops, and pile enters nonreactive nature; At this moment the gas componant of whole cathode side mainly comprises steam and nitrogen, there is no oxygen, and the reaction nature stops, and pile is output HIGH voltage no longer, thereby can naturally shut down to protect durability and the life-span of pile; Now air compressor machine and recirculation circuit coordinate, and still can produce gas flow and the pressure of expectation, aqueous water remaining in pile can be discharged, and guarantee after shutdown that can there be a freeze damage of caused pile of water pile inside under cryogenic conditions due to residual.
After considering shutdown, actuator, in off-position, can be designed to normally close valve by the control valve V1 and the V7 that connect atmosphere, automatically shuts down after outage with the connection of atmosphere and gets final product.
(7) idling is controlled with little load process: idling is controlled similar to above-mentioned stopping process with little load process, parts 2(control valve V1 just) and parts 16(control valve V7) can complete shut-down not dead, but keep suitable aperture according to power demand, the gas and the peripheral atmosphere that ensure suitable flow are exchanged, and parts 15(control valve V6) can keep than wide-angle, passing in and out parts 11(pile body) inner flow keeps larger, at this moment oxygen concentration can be adjusted flexibly between 0% ~ 20%, guarantee that fuel cell output voltage and power all remain at low levels, high voltage while having avoided idling and little load occurs, by air compressor machine or fan (parts 3 in accompanying drawing 2), drive the gas flow of recirculation to guarantee to get rid of the aqueous water that long-play generates simultaneously, thereby avoided parts 11(pile body) problem of the easy water logging of long-term little load operation, by adjustment component 7(control valve V4) and parts 8(control valve V5) aperture, the air capacity of control and participate in humidification, can avoid again the dry problem of pile film under idling and little loading condiction flexibly.Above-mentioned under idling and sub-load condition, regulating action by exhaust gas recycling loop, can guarantee with the gas flow of peripheral atmosphere exchange less, namely reduced the amount of fresh air entered from mechanical and chemical filter, improve the service efficiency of machinery and chemical filter, can effectively extend its useful life.
(8) stop and deposit in process; can be by parts 2(control valve V1) and parts 16(control valve V7) be set to the normally closed state that cuts off the power supply; owing to shutting down back part 11(pile body) and recirculating line in gas componant be mainly nitrogen and steam does not have oxygen; therefore only have nitrogen can penetrate proton exchange membrane and enter anode; the situation that oxygen enters anode-side generation chemical corrosion reaction can not occur, and can guarantee that the vehicle long storage time lacks the performance of not damaging pile.
(9) the low temperature cold machine starts fast: under cryogenic conditions, now can be by parts 4(control valve V2) and parts 7(control valve V4) close, by parts 5(control valve V3) and parts 8(control valve V5) standard-sized sheet, can pass through recirculation circuit (parts 15, control valve V6) and the air driven parts, parts 3 air compressor machines in accompanying drawing 2, because air compressor machine or fan itself have the air pressurized heating function, perhaps coordinate special air heating apparatus (not shown in FIG.), can will enter parts 11(pile body) air be heated rapidly to above zero, make whole air system be rapidly heated, thereby guarantee that electrochemical reaction can occur smoothly in pile inside, the heat that recycling pile self is produced is further accelerated cold machine start-up course.Treat that temperature reaches certain value (warming-up success) afterwards, just start heat exchange and humidification process with radiator and humidifier, thereby can greatly shorten the warming-up process of fuel cell system.
The utility model adopts above technical scheme, following advantage is arranged: 1, this programme is owing to having introduced the exhaust gas recirculatioon function, make the total flow, total pressure and the oxygen flow that enter pile independently to adjust, thereby when having accomplished to limit the pile monolithic voltage by the control oxygen content, can also adjust flexibly total flow and total pressure and realize reliable draining control, effectively avoid the water logging or the dry phenomenon of film that reduce to cause due to the air inlet total amount under this type of operating mode, improved fuel battery service life; 2, this programme the radiator of fuel battery air system and humidifier all in parallel bypass line and control valve thereof, make system more flexible to the control of inlet temperature and humidity, the gas that is conducive to enter pile can keep best humidity, temperature according to the pile situation, and then can improve pile efficiency and durability; 3, this programme has been introduced the exhaust gas recirculatioon function, can in stopping process, dry up rapidly the aqueous water of pile inside, prevents that pile from damaging pile because of the residual water freezing in inside under cryogenic conditions; 4, the exhaust gas recirculatioon of this programme and shutdown control strategy, make ducted oxygen constantly reduce until exhaust; By closing the control valve communicated with surrounding air, make air system form closed-loop path, in stopping process, make to be full of inert nitrogen gas in whole pipeline, avoid shutting down for a long time the problem that oxygen enters the anodic attack pile, can improve the pile life-span; 5, this programme has been introduced the exhaust gas recirculatioon function, has reduced the amount of fresh air of the system that enters, and reduces the load of machinery and chemical filter, has improved its useful life; 6, the by-pass governing that this programme has been introduced exhaust gas recirculatioon function and heat radiation, humidification combines, and can accelerate the warming-up speed of pile under cryogenic conditions;
Exemplary embodiments below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 3 with the fuel battery air system of exhaust gas recirculatioon, be described in detail the utility model.
Flow control valve V1 ~ V7 in accompanying drawing 2 can adopt different means to realize, both can, with the electronic throttle in the conventional engines control system, also can adopt by motor-driven butterfly valve.In the present embodiment, adopted mature and reliable in orthodox car industry, cost is low and with the vacuum diaphragm plate valve of position feedback as control valve, its characteristics can be controlled by the vacuum degree at vacuum diaphragm two ends the relative position of valve rod and valve seat, i.e. equivalent actual internal area; Position transducer is installed to realize the accurate control of valve flow on valve rod.Adopt the vacuum diaphragm plate valve as the fuel battery air system implementation of actuator as shown in Figure 3, vacuum pump 19(is containing the vacuum accumulator) produce certain vacuum degree, the controller 20 of fuel cell can be respectively by adjusting the duty ratio of electromagnetically operated valve K1-K7, regulate the vacuum degree of vacuum diaphragm plate valve V1-V7, also just change stem position and the equivalent actual internal area of V1 ~ V7, realized the flow adjustment to air loop.The position sensor signal be arranged on V1 ~ V7 is connected to controller 20, and feedback stem position signal separately, to be that the position closed loop of realizing control valve is controlled, is accurately controlled flow separately.
At first air from atmosphere enters 17(machinery and chemical filter unit), by filtering particle and impurity, through 2(vacuum valve V1) outlet after, in parallel with the outlet from exhaust gas recirculation passages, be connected to the 3(air compressor machine) entrance; The outlet of air compressor machine 3 is connected to two feeder connections, passage is through parts 4(vacuum valve V2) with the 6(radiator) entrance be connected, another passage is bypass line in parallel, and flow control valve 5(vacuum valve V3 is arranged on pipeline), but Effective Regulation enters the gas flow of radiator; The outlet of radiator 6 merges with the outlet of bypass in parallel, and connect the entrance of two passages, one by through 7(vacuum valve V4) connect the 9(humidifier) entrance, another passage is bypass line in parallel, and the 8(control valve V5 that controls flow is arranged on pipeline); The outlet of humidifier 9 and the outlet of bypass line thereof connect 11(pile body after merging) entrance; The outlet of pile 11 connects the 12(condenser) entrance, condenser 12 is for being lowered the temperature to exit gas and being reclaimed moisture; The outlet of condenser 12 is through the 14(lambda sensor) after, will be divided into two pipelines, one by 16(vacuum valve V7) with atmospheric environment, communicate, be gas exhaust piping; Another enters exhaust gas recirculation passages, this passage 15(vacuum valve V6 that flows through) after, its outlet and 2(vacuum valve V1) outlet in parallel, enter again the 3(air compressor machine after merging) entrance.Vacuum pump 19(is containing vacuum tank) by electromagnetically operated valve K1-K7, respectively at vacuum valve V1-V7, be connected, each electromagnetically operated valve is controlled by the fuel cell system controller.
According to the scope of air system operating pressure, exhaust gas recycling loop (containing air pipe line and vacuum valve V6) can be arranged in to parts 3(air compressor machine) entrance before; After also recirculation circuit (containing air pipe line and vacuum valve V6) can being arranged in to the outlet of parts 3, at this moment on exhaust gas recycling loop, to add air driven device 18; After parallel connection is carried out in the outlet of the outlet of at this moment exhaust gas recirculatioon and air compressor machine 3, then enter radiator and the bypass passageways thereof with vacuum valve V2 and V3.
When the utility model carries out work for the natural fuel battery system, controller is by receiving each sensor signal, voltage, the current conditions of the output of Real-Time Monitoring pile, and gas temperature, humidity, pressure state, realize the different opening of each vacuum valve by the control to each electromagnetically operated valve, thereby adjust at any time the state parameter such as oxygen concentration, humidity, temperature, pressure of air inlet, realize that pile always works in preferable states, voltage maintains between about 0.6V-0.8V, without obvious water logging or the dry phenomenon of film, make the efficiency of pile and life-span all reach optimization.
Below in conjunction with the concrete operating mode of fuel cell pile, to the utility model, the optimization effectiveness to pile is elaborated.
Large load condition: be power demand larger, the state of fuel cell pile in better working point.Now without utilizing EGR to reduce the oxygen concentration in air inlet, therefore 15(vacuum valve V6) in buttoned-up status, waste gas is all by 16(vacuum valve V7) enter in environment.2(vacuum valve V1) in full-gear, be beneficial to the minimizing inlet loss.What now mainly play effectiveness is the bypass circulation mutually arranged side by side with humidifier 3 respectively at radiator 2, is also vacuum valve V2-V5.
When the outlet temperature of air compressor machine 3 is normal, the 4(vacuum valve V2 of radiator 6 porch) standard-sized sheet, and the 5(vacuum valve V3 on bypass circulation) close fully, gas is all undertaken cooling by radiator 6.As shown in Figure 3, the direction of arrow is airflow direction to radiator part air-flow trend.When the air compressor machine outlet temperature is low, the 5(vacuum valve V3 on radiator 6 bypass circulations) open, control accordingly electromagnetically operated valve K2, K3 controls that cooperatively interacts, the aperture of vacuum valve V2 and vacuum valve V3 is coordinated mutually, adjustment enters the gas flow of radiator 6.Temperature is lower, and the gas flow ratio of radiator 6 bypass circulations of flowing through is larger.Thereby the gas temperature to humidifier 9 porch is controlled, make it the suitable pile that enters.
Surrounding air humidity hour, the 7(vacuum valve V4 of humidifier 9 porch) standard-sized sheet, and the 8(vacuum valve V5 on its bypass circulation) close, gas all carries out humidification by humidifier 9, makes ambient humidity can meet the pile requirement.And, when surrounding air humidity is larger, vacuum valve V5 on humidifier 9 bypass circulations opens, control accordingly electromagnetically operated valve K4, K5 controls that cooperatively interacts, the aperture of vacuum valve V4 and vacuum valve V5 is coordinated mutually, adjustment enters the gas flow of humidifier 9.Ambient humidity is larger, and the gas flow ratio of humidifier 9 bypass circulations of flowing through is larger.Thereby the gas humidity to 11 pile body porch is adjusted, make it the suitable pile that enters.
Idling/little load: under idling or small load condition, except the bypass circulation in parallel with radiator 6 and humidifier 9 and vacuum valve V2-V5 play a role, even more important is cooperatively interacting of vacuum valve V1, V6, V7 aperture.
Under idling or small load condition, operation of fuel cells is less at electric current, under the higher state of voltage, is unfavorable for the prolongation in its useful life.The effective way that now reduces voltage is the concept that adopts concentration overvoltage, reduces the excess coefficient of oxygen.A kind of way reduces air compressor machine power exactly, reduces the air inlet total amount.The method makes air inlet total amount and voltage drop degree hook, and the air inlet total amount is received restriction, and, owing to having reduced gas gross, makes gas carry the moisture ability and descend, and easily causes the water logging phenomenon of pile.For avoiding this phenomenon, the present invention has introduced gas recirculation system in the fuel battery air system, can be in the situation that do not reduce the air inlet total amount, effectively reduce the excess coefficient of oxygen, reach the purpose of fuel cell voltage, the total amount of air inlet simultaneously is still controlled, not limited by the voltage drop degree.
When idling voltage is higher, for the vacuum valve V6 that controls EGR, to open, the low waste gas of drying, oxygen content of being discharged by condenser 12 outlets reenters in admission line.The aperture of vacuum valve V6 is larger, the aperture of vacuum valve V7 is less, and the ratio that waste gas reenters in admission line is larger, and the waste gas ratio of discharge is less, thereby the contribution that oxygen content in air inlet is reduced is just larger.This ratio will constantly be adjusted, until voltage is limited in below 0.8V.
Shut down: the key in stopping process is to remove oxygen residual in pile.The bypass circulation of radiator 6 and humidifier 9 parallel connections, vacuum valve V2-V5 normally plays a role.And vacuum valve V1 and V7 close gradually, vacuum valve V6 opens, and forms closed circulation, and waste gas flows back and forth in whole air system, until oxygen expenditure is totally shut down afterwards.Now, nitrogen and little water steam are only arranged in the fuel cell system air loop, can think and be full of inert gas, eliminated the effect of the corrosion of oxygen pile in process is deposited in the fuel cell shutdown, can effectively extend the pile life-span.
Claims (1)
1. the recirculating system of the cathode exhaust gas for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, it is characterized in that: be a kind ofly based on computer-aided control, to realize that air pressure, air total flow, air themperature, air humidity and oxygen content in air to entering pile carry out the cathode exhaust gas recirculating system that maximum working pressure is greater than 1.5bar that is applicable to of Synchronization Control, contain control section and cathode exhaust gas recycle sections, wherein:
Control section contains: a controller, and the control valve that vacuum pump and vacuum tank and seven each free electromagnetically operated valves and vacuum valve serial connection form, also have the common transducer group formed of a plurality of temperature sensors, humidity sensor and pressure sensor, with S, mean, send transducing signal to controller, wherein
Each vacuum valve adopts the vacuum diaphragm plate valve, position transducer is installed on valve rod to realize the accurate control of valve flow; Each electromagnetically operated valve signal input part parallel connection is connected with the control signal input of described controller and vacuum pump respectively by a pressure sensor, described controller is brought in the duty ratio of adjusting each described electromagnetically operated valve, the vacuum degree of regulating each described vacuum valve by the control of each described electromagnetically operated valve;
The cathode exhaust gas recycle sections, comprise machinery and chemical filter unit, intake and exhaust loop and exhaust gas recycling loop, wherein:
The intake and exhaust loop comprises intake channel and exhaust channel, wherein:
Intake channel starts from the air outlet slit of open to atmosphere described machinery and chemical filter unit, contain successively: first sensor group S1, air flow sensor, the first control valve V1, the second transducer group S2, air compressor, the second control valve V2, radiator, the 4th control valve V4, the air intake of humidifier and pile, also be provided with the 3rd control valve V3 on the bypass circulation of described radiator, also be provided with the 5th control valve V5 on described humidifier bypass circulation, wherein, the second control valve V2 and the 3rd control valve V3 are the inlet temperature control valve groups that a realization enters the cathode gas temperature closed loop control of pile, the 4th control valve V4 and the 5th control valve V5 are the gas humidity control valve groups that a realization enters the cathode gas humidity closed-loop control of pile,
Exhaust channel starts from the air outlet slit of described pile, contains successively the 5th transducer group S5, condenser, lambda sensor, four-sensor group S4 and the 7th control valve V7;
Before exhaust gas recycling loop is positioned at described air compressor, start from the output through described four-sensor group S4, be terminated to the porch of described air compressor, described air inlet loop and exhausting loop have been communicated with, form an air outlet slit from described pile and passed through successively described the 5th transducer group S5, condenser, lambda sensor, four-sensor group S4, be located at the 6th control valve V6 on described branch road, air compressor, the second control valve V2, radiator, the 3rd control valve V3, the 4th control valve V4, the 5th control valve V6 and humidifier arrive the exhaust gas recycling loop of described pile air intake, wherein:
The 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1 and the 7th control valve V7 be one group and realize the volumetric flow of gas of flexible allocation recirculation and the ratio of oxygen components, to reach the control valve group of adjusting the total gas couette that enters pile, total pressure, oxygen partial pressure purpose;
The 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1, air flow sensor and lambda sensor are parts of realizing that whole air loop oxygen content closed loop feedback is controlled;
The 6th control valve V6 under the first control valve V1 under the complete shut-down state, the 7th control valve V7 and full-gear has formed a shutdown control valve group that the exhaust gas recirculatioon ratio is 100%;
The first control valve V1 under normally off, the 6th control valve V6, the 7th control valve V7 totally three control valves form one group and shut down and deposit the control valve group;
The 3rd control valve V3 under the second control valve V2 under the complete shut-down state, the 4th control valve V4 and full-gear, the 5th control valve V5 have jointly formed a low temperature cold machine and have started fast the control valve group;
When the aperture of the 6th control valve V6 is greater than the aperture of the first control valve V1, the 7th control valve V7, described the 6th control valve V6, the first control valve V1, the 7th control valve V7 have formed the high potential control valve group under an idling and little load jointly, are also control valve groups that occurs the water logging phenomenon while preventing the long-term little load operation of pile simultaneously;
When idling and little load operation, aperture has formed through the 4th control valve V4, the 5th control valve V5 adjusted the control valve group that prevents that the pile film is dry jointly.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012207426567U CN203326036U (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2012-12-28 | Cathode exhaust gas recirculation system used for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012207426567U CN203326036U (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2012-12-28 | Cathode exhaust gas recirculation system used for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) |
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| CN103050723A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-17 | 清华大学 | Cathode exhaust recirculating system for proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| CN103050723A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-17 | 清华大学 | Cathode exhaust recirculating system for proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN103050723B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-12-24 | 清华大学 | Cathode exhaust recirculating system for proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN106340699A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-01-18 | 三星电子株式会社 | Electrochemical Battery And Method Of Operating The Same |
| CN106887651A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-06-23 | 三星电子株式会社 | The method for maintaining the electrochemical cell of oxygen concentration and running it is recycled by air |
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| CN110364751A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-10-22 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system and its control method |
| CN108598527B (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2020-08-14 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Gas supply control method, device and system of fuel cell and rail vehicle |
| CN108598527A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-09-28 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Fuel cell for pneumatic control method, device and system and rail vehicle |
| CN110299548A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-10-01 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Anode intermittent exhaust method of anode closed proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN112234225A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-01-15 | 深圳国氢新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell gas supply system with quick response capability |
| CN112582643A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-30 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | Hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell air circulation system and hydrogen energy automobile |
| CN112582643B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2024-07-23 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | Hydrogen energy automobile fuel cell air circulation system and hydrogen energy automobile |
| CN113571746A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-10-29 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | Fuel cell system and method for preventing anode of electric pile from flooding |
| CN113571746B (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2024-02-06 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | Fuel cell system and method for preventing anode of electric pile from flooding |
| CN113793948A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-14 | 大连理工大学 | Fuel cell automobile cold start system based on eddy current heating |
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