CN117954656A - Tail hydrogen discharge concentration control method and system for fuel cell system - Google Patents
Tail hydrogen discharge concentration control method and system for fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117954656A CN117954656A CN202410140330.4A CN202410140330A CN117954656A CN 117954656 A CN117954656 A CN 117954656A CN 202410140330 A CN202410140330 A CN 202410140330A CN 117954656 A CN117954656 A CN 117954656A
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 title 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010063493 Premature ageing Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032038 Premature aging Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04552—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04805—Concentration; Density of fuel cell exhausts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and discloses a tail hydrogen discharge concentration control method and a tail hydrogen discharge concentration control system of a fuel cell system, wherein the tail hydrogen discharge concentration control method comprises the following steps: the anode voltage of all the single cells in the electric pile is obtained, the state of the electric pile anode is judged according to the anode voltage of all the single cells, and the state of the electric pile anode comprises: flooding state and normal state; if the anode of the electric pile is in a water flooded state, maintaining the cathode current and the cathode pressure of the electric pile unchanged, and opening an exhaust valve and a bypass valve to exhaust the anode of the electric pile; and adjusting the opening of the bypass valve, controlling the concentration of hydrogen in the exhaust gas until the anode of the electric pile is converted into a normal state, and closing the exhaust valve and the bypass valve. The cathode current and the pressure of the electric pile are kept unchanged, and the air compression amount of the air compressor is changed through the bypass valve, so that air from the air compressor is split, the content of air in a tail exhaust pipeline can be increased, the pressure fluctuation of the cathode of the electric pile can be avoided in the exhaust process of the anode of the electric pile, and the good power generation performance of the electric pile is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a tail hydrogen discharge concentration control method and system of a fuel cell system.
Background
The fuel cell stack is formed by superposing a plurality of single cells, cathode nitrogen permeates to the anode through the proton exchange membrane in the operation process of the fuel cell system, the concentration of hydrogen is reduced due to the accumulation of nitrogen, and the overall voltage of the stack is reduced, so that the fuel cell stack needs to be exhausted at fixed time.
When the anode is flooded, the voltage of the single cell is reduced, a long time is required for exhausting and blowing accumulated water to recover the voltage of the single cell, a large amount of hydrogen is discharged out of the anode while the anode of the electric pile is purged, the traditional treatment mode is to increase the air flow of the cathode, so that the air flow discharged from the cathode outlet of the electric pile is increased, the concentration of the hydrogen in a tail discharge pipeline is reduced, but the treatment mode has the defects that the increase of the air flow of the cathode of the electric pile can cause the fluctuation of the pressure of the cathode of the electric pile, the stability of the cathode reaction is damaged, and the normal power generation of a fuel cell system is influenced, so that the tail hydrogen discharge concentration control is required to be optimized under the condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a tail hydrogen discharge concentration control method and system of a fuel cell system, which solve the problems that when a pile anode of the existing fuel cell system is flooded, the pile cathode voltage is unstable and the pile power generation stability is affected due to the fact that the pile cathode air flow is increased.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method for controlling the concentration of tail hydrogen discharged from a fuel cell system comprises the following steps:
The anode voltage of all the single cells in the electric pile is obtained, and the state of the electric pile anode is judged according to the anode voltage of all the single cells, wherein the state of the electric pile anode comprises the following steps: flooding state and normal state;
If the anode of the electric pile is in a water flooded state, maintaining the cathode current and the cathode pressure of the electric pile unchanged, and opening an exhaust valve and a bypass valve to exhaust the anode of the electric pile;
and adjusting the opening of the bypass valve, controlling the concentration of hydrogen in the exhaust gas until the anode of the electric pile is converted into a normal state, and closing the exhaust valve and the bypass valve.
Preferably, the step of judging that the anode of the electric pile is in a flooded state comprises the following steps:
Setting a differential pressure threshold value and calculating the average value of the anode voltages of all the single cells;
obtaining the maximum value and the minimum value of the anode voltages of all the single cells, and defining the maximum single voltage and the minimum single voltage;
Calculating a difference between the maximum single voltage and the average value of the anode voltage, defining a first difference, and calculating a difference between the average value of the anode voltage and the minimum single voltage, defining a second difference;
and if and only if the first difference value and the second difference value are larger than the pressure difference threshold value, judging that the anode of the electric pile is in a flooding state.
Preferably, when the anode of the electric pile is in a flooding state, the opening degree of the back pressure valve is kept unchanged, the cathode pressure of the electric pile is unchanged, and the cathode air flow entering the electric pile is unchanged.
Preferably, when the stack anode is in a flooded condition, opening the vent valve and the bypass valve further comprises the steps of:
Setting valve opening moments t1 and t2, wherein t2 is more than t1;
setting a dilution minimum value and a dilution maximum value of the bypass valve;
Opening the bypass valve at the time t1 and adjusting the opening of the bypass valve to the dilution maximum;
Setting the minimum and maximum discharge values of the exhaust valve;
Opening the exhaust valve at the time t2 and adjusting the opening of the exhaust valve to the minimum emission value;
and detecting the hydrogen concentration at the tail row of the fuel cell system, and adjusting the opening of the exhaust valve and the bypass valve according to the detected hydrogen concentration.
Preferably, adjusting the opening degrees of the exhaust valve and the bypass valve includes the steps of:
Setting a minimum value and a maximum value of the hydrogen concentration;
reducing the opening of the bypass valve and simultaneously increasing the opening of the exhaust valve until the hydrogen concentration at the tail row reaches the maximum value of the hydrogen concentration;
setting an exhaust end time t3, wherein t3 is greater than t2;
Closing the exhaust valve at the exhaust end time t3, and converting the anode of the electric pile from a flooded state to a normal state.
Preferably, if the hydrogen concentration is detected to be greater than the hydrogen concentration upper limit value at any one of the times from the time t2 to the time t3, the opening degree of the back pressure valve is increased until the hydrogen concentration is less than the hydrogen concentration upper limit value.
Preferably, the method for converting the anode of the electric pile from the flooded state to the normal state further comprises the following control steps:
Setting a valve closing time t4, wherein t4 is larger than t3, and reducing the hydrogen concentration in the tail exhaust pipeline to a minimum value at the valve closing time t 4;
the bypass valve is closed at valve closing time t 4.
Preferably, when the anode of the electric pile is converted from a flooding state to a normal state, the limitation of constant cathode current and pressure of the electric pile is released.
The tail hydrogen discharge concentration control system of the fuel cell system comprises the control method, and comprises the following steps: the device comprises a galvanic pile, an oxygen supply module, a hydrogen supply module, a discharge module, a backpressure valve and a bypass valve;
the oxygen supply module is connected with a cathode inlet of the electric pile and is used for supplying oxygen to the electric pile;
The hydrogen supply module is connected with an anode inlet of the electric pile and is used for supplying hydrogen for the electric pile;
the discharge module is connected with an anode outlet of the electric pile and is used for discharging gas and liquid from the anode of the electric pile;
the back pressure valve is connected with a cathode outlet of the electric pile and is used for controlling the pressure of the cathode of the electric pile;
the bypass valve is connected between the oxygen supply module and the back pressure valve, and the bypass valve is used for diverting air from the oxygen supply module to the tail exhaust pipeline.
Preferably, the oxygen supply module comprises an air flow sensor, an air compressor and an air pressure sensor which are sequentially connected with the cathode of the electric pile, and the output end of the air compressor is connected with the air inlet end of the bypass valve;
The hydrogen supply module comprises a hydrogen cylinder, a proportional valve and an ejector which are sequentially connected, and the proportional valve controls hydrogen in the hydrogen cylinder to enter the anode of the electric pile through the ejector;
the discharging module comprises a gas-water separator, a drain valve and an exhaust valve, wherein the input end of the gas-water separator is connected with the cathode outlet of the electric pile, the output end of the gas-water separator is connected with the input ends of the ejector, the drain valve and the exhaust valve respectively, and the output ends of the drain valve and the exhaust valve are connected with a tail exhaust pipeline.
The contribution of the invention is as follows: the cathode current and the pressure of the electric pile are kept unchanged, and the air compression amount of the air compressor is changed through the bypass valve, so that air from the air compressor is split, the content of air in a tail exhaust pipeline can be increased, the pressure fluctuation of the cathode of the electric pile can be avoided in the exhaust process of the anode of the electric pile, and the good power generation performance of the electric pile is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a fuel cell system tail hydrogen concentration control method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a variation of the bypass valve and exhaust valve of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the tail hydrogen concentration system of the fuel cell system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of embodiment 2 of the present invention for a cathode humidification method;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship among back pressure valve, air pressure, air flow rate and oxygen partial pressure in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the exhaust gas collecting device of the present invention;
Wherein: the stack 10, the oxygen supply module 20, the hydrogen supply module 30, the discharge module 40, the back pressure valve 50, the bypass valve 60, the tail gas exhaust pipeline 70 and the tail gas collecting device 80;
the air flow sensor 21, the air compressor 22, the air pressure sensor 23, the hydrogen cylinder 31, the proportional valve 32, the ejector 33, the gas-water separator 41, the drain valve 42, the exhaust valve 43, the tank 81, the inlet 82, the outlet 83, the air guide port 84, the baffle 85, and the L-shaped channel 86.
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative and supplementary of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Examples
To facilitate understanding of the fuel cell system tail-end hydrogen concentration control method, the fuel cell system tail-end hydrogen concentration control system will be explained first, specifically as shown in fig. 3:
The tail hydrogen concentration control system comprises a galvanic pile 10, an oxygen supply module 20, a hydrogen supply module 30, a discharge module 40, a back pressure valve 50 and a bypass valve 60;
Further, the oxygen supply module 20 comprises an air flow sensor 21, an air compressor 22 and an air pressure sensor 23 which are sequentially connected with the cathode of the electric pile 10, and the output end of the air compressor 22 is connected with the air inlet end of the bypass valve 60;
The hydrogen supply module 30 comprises a hydrogen cylinder 31, a proportional valve 32 and an ejector 33 which are sequentially connected, wherein the proportional valve 32 controls hydrogen in the hydrogen cylinder 31 to enter the anode of the electric pile 10 through the ejector 33;
The discharge module 40 comprises a gas-water separator 41, a drain valve 42 and a discharge valve 43, wherein the input end of the gas-water separator 41 is connected with a cathode outlet 83 of the electric pile 10, the output end of the gas-water separator 41 is respectively connected with the input ends of the ejector 33, the drain valve 42 and the discharge valve 43, and the output ends of the drain valve 42 and the discharge valve 43 are connected with a tail discharge pipeline 70.
Specifically, the air compressor 22 is used for controlling the air flow entering the fuel cell system, the air compressor 22 can compress and heat (70 ° -80 °) the air, the compressed and heated air enters the cathode inlet 82 of the electric pile 10, the air is discharged from the cathode outlet 83 of the electric pile 10 after reaction, the back pressure valve 50 is connected to the cathode outlet 83 of the electric pile 10, the back pressure valve 50 is used for controlling the pressure of the cathode of the electric pile 10, the pressure of the cathode of the electric pile 10 is ensured not to generate larger fluctuation, the exhaust gas from the cathode of the electric pile 10 enters the tail exhaust pipeline 70 for discharge after passing through the back pressure valve 50, the back pressure valve 50 is connected with the air compressor 22 through the bypass valve 60, and part of the air from the air compressor 22 can be shunted to the tail exhaust pipeline 70 by the bypass valve 60, so that the effect of diluting the hydrogen concentration is achieved.
Further describing, the proportional valve 32 in the hydrogen supply module 30 can control the pressure of hydrogen entering the anode of the electric pile 10, and introduce high-pressure hydrogen into the anode of the electric pile 10 through the ejector 33, the gas-water separator 41 can separate gas and liquid (liquid water, nitrogen and hydrogen) discharged from the anode of the electric pile 10, the drain valve 42 and the exhaust valve 43 respectively connected with the gas-water separator 41 are periodically opened, the liquid and gas in the gas-water separator 41 are discharged to the tail gas discharge pipeline 70, the unreacted air is continuously discharged to the tail gas discharge pipeline 70 from the cathode outlet 83 of the electric pile 10, the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas discharge pipeline 70 is not out of standard due to the periodic water discharge and gas discharge of the gas-water separator 41, however, when the anode of the electric pile 10 is in a flooded state, the anode of the electric pile 10 needs to be purged for a long time, that is, the exhaust valve 43 needs to be continuously opened, at this time, unreacted hydrogen passing through the anode of the electric pile 10 continuously enters the tail exhaust pipe 70 through the exhaust valve 43, so that the concentration of hydrogen in the tail exhaust pipe 70 is increased, and the concentration of hydrogen in the tail exhaust pipe 70 cannot be effectively reduced simply by air from the cathode outlet 83 of the electric pile 10.
In order to better adapt to the control system, the embodiment also provides a method for controlling the tail hydrogen concentration of the fuel cell system as shown in fig. 1-2, which comprises the following steps:
The anode voltages of all the single cells in the electric pile 10 are obtained, and the state of the anode of the electric pile 10 is judged according to the anode voltages of all the single cells, wherein the state of the anode of the electric pile 10 comprises: flooding state and normal state; when the anode of the stack 10 is in a flooded state, the voltage of the unit cells in the stack 10 is reduced, thereby reducing the overall power generation performance of the stack 10 and attenuating the premature aging of the stack 10.
The step of judging that the anodes of the electric pile 10 are in a flooded state according to the anode voltages of all the single cells in the electric pile 10 comprises the following steps:
Setting a differential pressure threshold value and calculating the average value of the anode voltages of all the single cells;
obtaining the maximum value and the minimum value of the anode voltages of all the single cells, and defining the maximum single voltage and the minimum single voltage;
Calculating a difference between the maximum single voltage and the average value of the anode voltage, defining a first difference, and calculating a difference between the average value of the anode voltage and the minimum single voltage, defining a second difference;
If and only if the first difference value and the second difference value are both larger than the pressure difference threshold value, the anodes of the electric pile 10 are judged to be in a flooded state.
Specifically, the detector in the fuel cell system detects the anode voltages of all the single cells in the stack 10 in real time, and feeds back the detected voltage signals to the control processor of the fuel cell system, the control processor calculates the average value of the anode voltages of all the single cells according to the received anode voltage signals, meanwhile, the control processor screens out the maximum value and the minimum value of the anode voltages of all the single cells, and defines the maximum single voltage and the minimum single voltage respectively, then calculates a first difference value and a second difference value, wherein the first difference value is the difference value between the maximum single voltage and the average value of the anode voltages, the second difference value is the difference value between the average value of the anode voltages and the minimum single voltage, and after the first difference value and the second difference value are calculated, the first difference value and the second difference value are respectively compared with a differential pressure threshold value, so as to judge whether the anode of the stack 10 is in a flooded state, further explanation is carried out, and if the first difference value and the second difference value are both larger than the differential pressure threshold value (the differential pressure threshold value is in the range of 0.03V-0.05V), the anode of the stack 10 is judged to be in the flooded state, and then purged.
After the anode of the electric pile 10 is in a flooded state according to the anode voltages of all the single cells, the cathode current and the cathode pressure of the electric pile 10 need to be kept unchanged, and the exhaust valve 43 and the bypass valve 60 are opened to exhaust the anode of the electric pile 10.
Further, to illustrate, when the anode of the electric pile 10 is flooded, the conventional treatment method is to increase the air flow of the cathode, so that the air flow discharged from the cathode outlet 83 of the electric pile 10 is increased, and the concentration of the hydrogen in the tail exhaust pipeline 70 is reduced, but this treatment method has the disadvantage that increasing the air flow of the cathode of the electric pile 10 causes the pressure of the cathode of the electric pile 10 to fluctuate, and damages the cathode reactor stability, thereby affecting the normal power generation of the fuel cell system, in this embodiment, in order to avoid the change of the cathode pressure of the electric pile 10, the power generation performance of the electric pile 10 is affected, when the anode of the electric pile 10 is in a flooded state, the cathode current and the pressure of the electric pile 10 are maintained unchanged (the cathode current and the pressure of the electric pile 10 are maintained by keeping the opening of the back pressure valve 50 unchanged), then the bypass valve 60 and the exhaust valve 43 are opened in sequence, and the hydrogen is made to flow to the anode of the electric pile 10 by opening the exhaust valve 43, so that the water quantity of the anode of the electric pile 10 is reduced, the air compression quantity of the air compressor 22 is changed by the bypass valve 60, and the air compression quantity of the anode 22 is thus the air from the air compressor 22 is split, and the content of the cathode of the air in the tail pipeline 70 is increased, and the good power generation performance of the electric pile 10 can be ensured, and the power generation performance of the electric pile 10 can not be ensured in the fluctuating process.
Further illustratively, opening the exhaust valve 43 and the bypass valve 60 further includes the steps of:
Setting valve opening moments t1 and t2, wherein t2 is greater than t1;
Setting a dilution minimum value and a dilution maximum value of the bypass valve 60 (the dilution minimum value corresponds to 10% of the opening of the bypass valve 60, and the dilution maximum value corresponds to 30% of the opening of the bypass valve 60);
opening the bypass valve 60 at time t1 and adjusting the opening of the bypass valve 60 to a dilution maximum;
Setting a discharge minimum value and a discharge maximum value of the discharge valve 43 (the discharge minimum value corresponds to 80% of the opening of the discharge valve 43, and the discharge maximum value corresponds to 100% of the opening of the discharge valve 43);
Opening the exhaust valve 43 at time t2 and adjusting the opening of the exhaust valve 43 to the minimum discharge value;
The hydrogen concentration at the tail gas of the fuel cell system is detected, and the opening of the exhaust valve 43 and the bypass valve 60 is adjusted according to the detected hydrogen concentration.
The bypass valve 60 is opened before the exhaust valve 43 is opened at the time t1, the air content in the tail gas discharge pipeline 70 can be increased by opening the bypass valve 60, so that the concentration of hydrogen in the anode of the subsequent electric pile 10 cannot be too high when entering the tail gas discharge pipeline 70, after the air in the tail gas discharge pipeline 70 is increased, the exhaust valve 43 is opened at the time t2 (the interval between t2 and t1 is between 0.5s-1 s), the hydrogen enters the tail gas discharge pipeline 70 through the exhaust valve 43, so that the concentration of the hydrogen in the tail gas discharge pipeline 70 is gradually increased, and further, in order to ensure that the concentration of the hydrogen cannot exceed the standard when entering the tail gas discharge pipeline 70, the initial opening of the bypass valve 60 is set to be the dilution maximum value, the initial opening of the exhaust valve 43 is the discharge minimum value, and the concentration of the hydrogen entering the tail gas discharge pipeline 70 cannot be too high.
After the hydrogen enters the tail gas discharge pipeline 70, the exhaust valve 43 and the bypass valve 60 are required to be regulated, so that the anode of the electric pile 10 can be purged to the greatest extent while the hydrogen concentration is ensured not to exceed the standard, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Setting a minimum and a maximum of the hydrogen concentration (the minimum of the hydrogen concentration is 3000ppm and the maximum of the hydrogen concentration is 10000ppm in this embodiment, and the minimum and the maximum of the hydrogen concentration refer to the range of the explosion threshold of the hydrogen in the tail gas line 70);
The opening degree of the bypass valve 60 is reduced, and meanwhile, the opening degree of the exhaust valve 43 is increased (the amount of the hydrogen discharged per unit time is increased, and the anode purging time of the electric pile 10 is shortened) until the hydrogen concentration at the tail discharge reaches the maximum value of the hydrogen concentration (at the explosion critical value of the hydrogen at the moment, the opening degree of the exhaust valve 43 is as large as possible on the premise of ensuring safety, and the opening degree of the bypass valve 60 is as small as possible), and the opening degree of the bypass valve 60 is reduced, namely the flow rate of the air compressor 22 is reduced, so that the burden of the air compressor 22 is reduced, and the air compressor 22 is prevented from being damaged too early;
setting an exhaust end time t3, wherein t3 is greater than t2;
the exhaust valve 43 is closed at the exhaust end time t3, and the anode of the stack 10 is switched from the flooded state to the normal state.
Specifically, at time t3, the anode of the electric pile 10 is converted from the flooded state to the normal state, and the method for judging whether the anode of the electric pile 10 is converted to the normal state is similar to the method for judging whether the anode of the electric pile 10 is in the flooded state, specifically, if and only if both the first difference value and the second difference value are smaller than the differential pressure threshold value, the anode of the electric pile 10 is judged to be in the normal state.
For further explanation of the present embodiment, if it is detected that the hydrogen concentration is greater than the hydrogen concentration upper limit value at any one of the times from the time t2 to the time t3, the opening degree of the back pressure valve 50 is increased until the hydrogen concentration is less than the hydrogen concentration upper limit value. Specifically, the hydrogen concentration detected between time t2 and time t3 is greater than the upper limit value of the hydrogen concentration, which means that the bypass valve 60 is most likely to be blocked at this time, so that air from the bypass valve 60 cannot smoothly enter the tail gas discharge pipeline 70, the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas discharge pipeline 70 cannot be effectively reduced to the maximum value of the hydrogen concentration simply by air from the cathode outlet 83 of the electric pile 10, and in order to avoid that the tail gas discharge pipeline 70 discharges out of standard hydrogen, the opening of the back pressure valve 50 is increased at this time, so that the air flow entering the cathode of the electric pile 10 is increased, and the effect of diluting the hydrogen is achieved.
For further explanation of this embodiment, when the anode of the stack 10 is switched from the flooded state to the normal state, the control steps further include:
Setting a valve closing time t4, closing the bypass valve 60 at the valve closing time t4, wherein t4 is larger than t3 (the interval between t4 and t3 is 0.5s-1 s), and reducing the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas discharge pipe 70 to a minimum value at the valve closing time t 4;
when the anode of the electric pile 10 is converted from the flooded state to the normal state, the limitation of constant cathode current and pressure of the electric pile 10 is released.
Specifically, after the valve closing time t4 is set at the exhaust end time t3, it is ensured that the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas discharge pipeline 70 is reduced to the lowest critical value of hydrogen explosion (the minimum value of hydrogen concentration), at this time, the residual hydrogen in the tail gas discharge pipeline 70 can be continuously diluted by means of the air at the cathode outlet 83 of the electric pile 10, the bypass valve 60 is not required to be opened again, the working pressure of the air compressor 22 is reduced, and further, the limitation of unchanged cathode current and pressure of the electric pile 10 is relieved when the anode of the electric pile 10 is converted from the flooded state to the normal state, so that the air flow of the inlet 82 of the electric pile 10 is conveniently adjusted according to the actually required power generation, and the different power requirements of vehicles are met.
Examples
When the anode of the electric pile 10 is flooded, the fuel cell system is in a low-power state, the current of the electric pile 10 is smaller, so that the water quantity generated by the cathode of the electric pile 10 is smaller, the purging duration of the anode of the electric pile 10 is longer, the cathode of the electric pile 10 is introduced with large-flow air for a long time, so that a large amount of water of the cathode of the electric pile 10 is taken away, the drying possibility of the cathode film of the electric pile 10 is higher, the proton conductivity of the film is greatly reduced due to the drying of the cathode film of the electric pile 10, and the power generation performance of the cathode of the electric pile 10 is reduced.
As shown in fig. 4-5, the embodiment provides a cathode humidification method for a galvanic pile 10, which is applied to the situation that the cathode of the galvanic pile 10 is excessively dried after the anode of the galvanic pile 10 is purged, and specifically includes the following humidification steps:
S1, setting a purging time threshold, and judging that the cathode of the electric pile 10 is in a dry state (the anode continuously purges and takes away a large amount of water of the membrane electrode, so that part of water of the membrane electrode on the cathode side of the electric pile 10 is absorbed by the membrane electrode on the anode side of the electric pile 10, and the membrane electrode of the cathode of the electric pile 10 is dried) if the purging time of the anode of the electric pile 10 is larger than the purging time threshold;
s2, acquiring the air pressure P1 and the air flow Q1 of the cathode of the current electric pile 10, and raising the air pressure P1 to P2 in the time T1 to maintain the air flow Q1 unchanged;
s3, when the air pressure is increased to P2, reducing the air flow Q1 to Q2 in the time of T2, and keeping the air pressure P2 unchanged;
S4, when the air flow rate is reduced to Q2, reducing the air pressure P2 to P1 in the time T3, and simultaneously increasing the air flow rate Q2 to Q1;
S5: repeating steps S2-S4 within preset times to finish cathode humidification of the electric pile 10.
Wherein, T1 takes the value of 1s-2s, T2 takes the value of 3s-6s, T3 takes the value of 3s-6s, preset times are 10-15 times, Q1=2Q2, P2= 1.4P1.
To further illustrate, in step S2, the air pressure is increased from P1 to P2 by adjusting the back pressure valve 50, specifically, reducing the opening of the back pressure valve 50, so that the air pressure is increased under the condition that the air flow Q1 is unchanged, and the air pressure at the cathode of the electric pile 10 is increased, which results in an increase in the oxygen partial pressure of the cathode (higher than the target oxygen partial pressure of the cathode of the electric pile 10), so that the cathode of the electric pile 10 is favored to electrochemically react to generate water, thereby wetting the cathode film of the electric pile 10.
It should be noted that, the oxygen partial pressure is mainly determined by two factors of air pressure and air flow, and the oxygen partial pressure is in a proportional relationship with the air pressure and the air flow, so that the cathode reaction of the electric pile 10 needs to be maintained at the corresponding target oxygen partial pressure, and thus, a certain excess ratio of oxygen is maintained to participate in the reaction, and the condition that the single cell is lack of oxygen and cannot stably generate electricity is prevented.
In step S3, the air flow Q1 is reduced to Q2, and in order to maintain the air pressure P2 unchanged, it is necessary to further reduce the opening of the back pressure valve 50, at this time, the oxygen partial pressure of the cathode is reduced (slightly lower than the target oxygen partial pressure of the stack 10 by 3% -5%) due to the reduction of the air flow, and the air flow is reduced without affecting the normal power generation of the cathode of the stack 10, so that the moisture carried away by the cathode of the stack 10 is reduced, and the drying of the cathode film of the stack 10 is inhibited.
In step S4, the air pressure P2 is reduced to P1, the air flow Q2 is increased to Q1, so that the cathode of the electric pile 10 returns to the initial state, and the partial pressure of oxygen at the cathode of the electric pile 10 also returns to the initial target partial pressure of oxygen, thereby completing the humidification process for one cycle.
Through repeated humidification for 10-15 times, the cathode film of the electric pile 10 can be restored to a better wetting state, so that the drying of the cathode film of the electric pile 10 is avoided, and the normal power generation cannot be realized.
In this embodiment, by adjusting the air pressure and the air flow of the cathode of the electric pile 10, the oxygen partial pressure of the cathode of the electric pile 10 is changed, so that the cathode of the electric pile 10 can be humidified and can be ensured to work normally, and the cathode of the electric pile 10 is prevented from being dried due to long-time purging of the anode of the electric pile 10 in a low-power environment of the fuel cell system.
Examples
The hydrogen can be continuously discharged to the external environment in the anode purging process of the electric pile 10, if the hydrogen can be rapidly dispersed into the atmosphere in an open environment, the environment cannot be influenced, if the hydrogen can be easily accumulated in a tunnel or in an environment with poor air circulation, the combustion and even explosion accidents can easily occur when the hydrogen concentration reaches a certain range, so that the application of the fuel cell vehicle brings great potential safety hazard, and the purged hydrogen cannot be directly discharged to the atmosphere in the tunnel.
As shown in fig. 6 to 7, the present embodiment is designed with an exhaust gas collecting device 80, the exhaust gas collecting device 80 is connected with the exhaust gas pipe 70, and the exhaust gas collecting device 80 includes a box 81, an inlet 82, an outlet 83, a gas guide 84 and a baffle 85;
the tank 81 is internally provided with accumulated water;
the inlet 82 and the outlet 83 are respectively arranged at two sides of the box 81, and the inlet 82 is positioned above the outlet 83;
the air guide port 84 is arranged at the top of the box 81, and the air guide port 84 is communicated with the ejector 33 and is used for guiding the hydrogen accumulated in the box 81 into the ejector 33;
One end of the baffle 85 is connected with one end of the box 81 close to the outlet 83, the other end of the baffle 85 is inserted into the accumulated water, the other end of the baffle 85 is located below the outlet 83, and an L-shaped channel 86 for the accumulated water to enter the outlet 83 is arranged between the other end of the baffle 85 and the box 81.
The bottom plane of the outlet 83 is at the same vertical level as the top plane of the accumulated water.
Specifically, when the fuel cell system is in the tunnel, the hydrogen purged from the anode of the stack 10 is diluted and reduced in concentration by the tail gas pipe 70, and then enters the tank 81 from the inlet 82 of the tail gas collecting device 80, the bottom of the tank 81 is provided with liquid water, the tail gas entering the tank 81 contains water vapor, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen, the water vapor is liquefied and accumulated at the bottom of the tank 81 after contacting the liquid water, the water accumulated near the outlet 83 is discharged into the tunnel along the outlet 83 under the pressure of the gas in the tank 81, the oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen are stored above the water accumulated, further explaining that the oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen are layered in the tank 81, the hydrogen is accumulated at the top of the tank 81 due to the lightest mass, the oxygen and nitrogen are closer to the water accumulated in the tank 81, when the tail gas enters the tank 81, the water vapor is discharged out of the tank 81, the oxygen and nitrogen are pushed out of the tank 81 by the hydrogen accumulated above along with the water accumulated in the tunnel, and the water accumulated in the tank 81 is continuously performed, and the hydrogen, the oxygen, the nitrogen and the hydrogen accumulated in the tank 81 are more than the water accumulated in the tank 81 is continuously purged.
When the fuel cell system leaves the tunnel with the vehicle, the inlet 82 of the tail gas collecting device 80 is closed, and the hydrogen purged from the anode of the stack 10 is diluted by the air in the tail gas exhaust pipe 70 and is discharged to the outside after the concentration is reduced (refer to the emission control method of embodiment 1), while the inlet 82 of the tail gas collecting device 80 is closed, the gas guide port 84 is opened, so that the hydrogen stored in the tank 81 reenters the anode of the stack 10 through the ejector 33, and the hydrogen is reused, thereby saving resources.
Further, in this embodiment, the baffle 85 is configured to increase the pressure at the L-shaped channel 86, so that the accumulated water, oxygen and nitrogen can be quickly discharged out of the tank 81, and meanwhile, the baffle 85 is configured to well prevent hydrogen from directly discharging from the outlet 83 after bypassing the accumulated water.
In this embodiment, the tail gas collecting device 80 is disposed on the tail gas pipe 70, and the characteristic of low density of hydrogen is utilized, when the anode of the galvanic pile 10 is purged, hydrogen is stored in the tail gas collecting device 80, so as to avoid the hydrogen from being discharged, improve the safety performance of the fuel cell system in the tunnel, and reuse the hydrogen in the tail gas collecting device 80 after leaving the tunnel, thereby saving hydrogen resources.
Although the present invention has been disclosed by the above embodiments, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and modifications, substitutions, etc. made to the above components will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling the concentration of tail hydrogen discharged from a fuel cell system, comprising the steps of:
The anode voltage of all the single cells in the electric pile is obtained, and the state of the electric pile anode is judged according to the anode voltage of all the single cells, wherein the state of the electric pile anode comprises the following steps: flooding state and normal state;
If the anode of the electric pile is in a water flooded state, maintaining the cathode current and the cathode pressure of the electric pile unchanged, and opening an exhaust valve and a bypass valve to exhaust the anode of the electric pile;
and adjusting the opening of the bypass valve, controlling the concentration of hydrogen in the exhaust gas until the anode of the electric pile is converted into a normal state, and closing the exhaust valve and the bypass valve.
2. The method for controlling the concentration of tail hydrogen discharged from a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining that the anode of the stack is in a flooded state comprises the steps of:
Setting a differential pressure threshold value and calculating the average value of the anode voltages of all the single cells;
obtaining the maximum value and the minimum value of the anode voltages of all the single cells, and defining the maximum single voltage and the minimum single voltage;
Calculating a difference between the maximum single voltage and the average value of the anode voltage, defining a first difference, and calculating a difference between the average value of the anode voltage and the minimum single voltage, defining a second difference;
and if and only if the first difference value and the second difference value are larger than the pressure difference threshold value, judging that the anode of the electric pile is in a flooding state.
3. The fuel cell system tail hydrogen concentration control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the anode of the electric pile is in a flooding state, the opening degree of the back pressure valve is kept unchanged, the cathode pressure of the electric pile is unchanged, and the cathode air flow entering the electric pile is unchanged.
4. The method for controlling the concentration of tail gas emitted hydrogen of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein when the anode of the stack is in a flooded state, opening the exhaust valve and the bypass valve further comprises the steps of:
Setting valve opening moments t1 and t2, wherein t2 is greater than t1;
setting a dilution minimum value and a dilution maximum value of the bypass valve;
Opening the bypass valve at the time t1 and adjusting the opening of the bypass valve to the dilution maximum;
Setting the minimum and maximum discharge values of the exhaust valve;
Opening the exhaust valve at the time t2 and adjusting the opening of the exhaust valve to the minimum emission value;
and detecting the hydrogen concentration at the tail row of the fuel cell system, and adjusting the opening of the exhaust valve and the bypass valve according to the detected hydrogen concentration.
5. The method for controlling the concentration of tail gas hydrogen discharged from a fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein adjusting the opening of said exhaust valve and said bypass valve comprises the steps of:
Setting a minimum value and a maximum value of the hydrogen concentration;
reducing the opening of the bypass valve and simultaneously increasing the opening of the exhaust valve until the hydrogen concentration at the tail row reaches the maximum value of the hydrogen concentration;
setting an exhaust end time t3, wherein t3 is greater than t2;
Closing the exhaust valve at the exhaust end time t3, and converting the anode of the electric pile from a flooded state to a normal state.
6. The fuel cell system tail hydrogen concentration control method according to claim 5, characterized in that:
If the hydrogen concentration is detected to be greater than the upper limit value of the hydrogen concentration at any time between the time t2 and the time t3, the opening degree of the back pressure valve is increased until the hydrogen concentration is less than the upper limit value of the hydrogen concentration.
7. The method for controlling the concentration of tail gas emitted hydrogen of a fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein the shift of the anode of the stack from the flooded state to the normal state further comprises the control step of:
And setting a valve closing time t4, closing the bypass valve at the valve closing time t4, wherein t4 is larger than t3, and reducing the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas pipeline to a minimum value at the valve closing time t 4.
8. The fuel cell system tail hydrogen concentration control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: when the anode of the electric pile is converted from a flooding state to a normal state, the limitation of constant cathode current and pressure of the electric pile is released.
9. A fuel cell system tail gas hydrogen concentration control system including the control method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: the device comprises a galvanic pile, an oxygen supply module, a hydrogen supply module, a discharge module, a backpressure valve and a bypass valve;
the oxygen supply module is connected with a cathode inlet of the electric pile and is used for supplying oxygen to the electric pile;
The hydrogen supply module is connected with an anode inlet of the electric pile and is used for supplying hydrogen for the electric pile;
the discharge module is connected with an anode outlet of the electric pile and is used for discharging gas and liquid from the anode of the electric pile;
the back pressure valve is connected with a cathode outlet of the electric pile and is used for controlling the pressure of the cathode of the electric pile;
the bypass valve is connected between the oxygen supply module and the back pressure valve, and the bypass valve is used for diverting air from the oxygen supply module to the tail exhaust pipeline.
10. The fuel cell system tail gas hydrogen concentration control system according to claim 9, wherein:
The oxygen supply module comprises an air flow sensor, an air compressor and an air pressure sensor which are sequentially connected with the cathode of the electric pile, and the output end of the air compressor is connected with the air inlet end of the bypass valve;
The hydrogen supply module comprises a hydrogen cylinder, a proportional valve and an ejector which are sequentially connected, and the proportional valve controls hydrogen in the hydrogen cylinder to enter the anode of the electric pile through the ejector;
the discharging module comprises a gas-water separator, a drain valve and an exhaust valve, wherein the input end of the gas-water separator is connected with the cathode outlet of the electric pile, the output end of the gas-water separator is connected with the input ends of the ejector, the drain valve and the exhaust valve respectively, and the output ends of the drain valve and the exhaust valve are connected with a tail exhaust pipeline.
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