CN103257457B - 具有集成天线结构的眼科镜片组件 - Google Patents
具有集成天线结构的眼科镜片组件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103257457B CN103257457B CN201310028943.0A CN201310028943A CN103257457B CN 103257457 B CN103257457 B CN 103257457B CN 201310028943 A CN201310028943 A CN 201310028943A CN 103257457 B CN103257457 B CN 103257457B
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Abstract
本发明涉及天线和天线系统,其可被设计成和构造成用于结合到包括医疗装置如眼科装置(包括角膜接触镜片)的机械装置中。这些天线和天线系统可以用来从机械装置向接收器发送数据,从发送器接收数据,和/或对结合到机械装置中的机电电池等感应地充电。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光学镜片,并且更具体地,本发明涉及如可佩戴的镜片(包括角膜接触镜片)、可植入的镜片(包括人工晶状体(IOL))的光学镜片以及任何其它类型的包括光学部件的装置,该光学部件结合用于信息接收、信息发送和/或充电/能量获取的电子电路和相关的天线/天线组件。
背景技术
随着电子装置持续小型化,变得越来越有可能产生用于多种用途的可佩戴的或可嵌入式微电子装置。这样的用途可包括监测身体化学性质的各方面、响应于测量或者响应于外部控制信号经由多种机械装置(包括自动地)施用受控剂量的药物或治疗剂、以及增强器官或组织的性能。这样的装置的实例包括葡萄糖输注泵、起搏器、去纤颤器、心室辅助装置和神经刺激器。一种新的特定可用领域的应用在于眼科可佩戴镜片和角膜接触镜片。例如,可佩戴镜片可结合镜片组件,该镜片组件具有电子可调节焦点,以增强或提高眼的性能。在另一个实例中,无论具有还是不具有可调节焦点,可佩戴角膜接触镜片都可结合电子传感器,以检测角膜前(泪液)膜中特定化学物质的浓度。在镜片组件中使用嵌入式电子器件引入了与电子器件通信的可能的需求,以用于为电子器件提供电力和/或为电子器件重新通电。
通常,期望的是,为了控制和/或数据收集的目的而提供与嵌入式电子器件的通信。这种性质的通信应当优选地在不直接物理连接到镜片电子器件的情况下进行,从而电子器件可能被完全密封,以便于在镜片使用时进行通信。从而,期望的是,利用电磁波以无线的方式将信号耦合到镜片电子器件。因此,需要一种天线结构,其适合于用于光学镜片组件,例如角膜接触镜片。
在这些应用中,电子器件通常可能需要电源。因此,可能期望的是,采用自备式电力存储装置,例如可充电电池或电容器。作为另外一种选择,电子器件可以通过感应从一定距离处获得电力,而不是从自备式电力存储装置获得电力,从而不需要进行再充电。用于对电池充电的可接受的方法是通过感应耦合件,由此外部线圈磁性地耦合到一线圈,该线圈与适于对嵌入装置的电池再充电的电路耦合、连接或以其它方式相关联。因此,需要一种感应结构,例如适用于光学镜片组件的天线、天线组件和/或线圈。另外,希望提供用于将线圈结构与外部感应线圈结构对准以有效地进行近场耦合的便利方法。
角膜接触镜片中的嵌入式电子器件和通信能力在多个领域中存在难点,包括:部件的受限的尺寸,特别是厚度以及最大长度和宽度;电池或超级电容器中受限的能量存储能力;由于小电池中较高的电池内阻导致的受限的峰值电流消耗和小电容器中受限的电荷存储;由于受限的能量存储而导致的受限的平均功率消耗以及小且尤其薄的部件的受限的稳健性和可制造性。相对于通信装置,具体的难题包括受限的天线效率,这直接涉及环天线的尺寸或面积、匝数和天线效率。此外,还存在由这些应用的调节本体所分配的受限的频带设定,频带的选择影响指定结构的效率、最大允许发射功率、电位干涉作用和通信联接的其它方面。体表传播和吸收的其它特征取决于频率,以及电磁能量吸收的可接受的安全极限。各个政府部分可以或者可能没有发布与此相关的规章和制度。体表天线效率主要由于电场或“E场”天线而降低。相似地,对于电池或类似装置的无线充电而言,天线的尺寸涉及最大可获得感应系数和能够传递到装置的最大电压或电流。
因此,需要提供机械上稳健的天线组件,其在角膜接触镜片的体积和面积内满足功能和性能的要求。
发明内容
本发明的天线和/或天线组件克服了上述简要描述的缺陷。
根据第一个方面,本发明涉及眼科镜片组件。所述眼科镜片组件包括:镜片,所述镜片能够放置在眼睛表面内和眼睛表面附近中的至少一处,所述镜片包括视区和一个或多个电子部件,所述视区能够用于视力矫正和视力增强中的至少一者,并且所述一个或多个电子部件用于使视力矫正和视力增强成为可能;和至少一个天线装置,所述天线装置与所述一个或多个电子部件可操作地结合,以用于提供与所述一个或多个电子部件的单向或双向通信和电力传送中的至少一者。
根据另一个方面,本发明涉及镜片组件。所述镜片组件包括:镜片,所述镜片包括视区和一个或多个电子部件,所述视区用于图像增强、图像捕获和视力矫正中的至少一者,所述一个或多个电子部件用于使图像增强、图像捕获和视力矫正成为可能;和至少一个天线装置,所述天线装置与所述一个或多个电子部件可操作地结合,以用于提供与所述一个或多个电子部件的单向或双向通信和电力传送中的至少一者。
根据另一个方面,本发明涉及镜片组件。所述镜片组件包括:镜片,所述镜片包括视区,所述视区用于图像增强、图像捕获和视力矫正中的至少一者;和至少一个天线装置,所述天线装置与所述镜片可操作地结合,其中所述至少一个天线装置的通电和断电引起所述镜片中的机械变化。
根据本发明,天线或天线组件可以结合到机械装置中,例如眼科装置,包括镜片和角膜接触镜片。虽然将参考角膜接触镜片(可佩戴的)或可植入的镜片(IOL)描述示例性实施例,但是只要的是要注意到,本发明可以用于任意数量的相关或不相关装置中。可佩戴或角膜接触镜片可以结合有镜片组件,该镜片组件具有电子可调的焦点,以增强眼睛的性能,和/或其可以结合有电子传感器,以检测泪液膜中具体化学物质的浓度。在镜片组件中使用这种嵌入式电子器件可能需要单向和/或双向通信,并且可能需要向电子器件提供电力或对电力存储装置充电的方法。本发明的天线/天线组件可以用于发送和/或接收信息和/或数据,并且提供用于通过感应充电或射频(RF)能量获取方法给电池或电容器充电的手段,该电池或电容器用于通过向电子器件提供电力。相关领域中已知的是,可以实施RF能量获取系统,其中电路操作类似于感应充电,但是以较高的频率,例如900兆赫兹到2.4千兆赫兹。在本领域中,“感应充电”通常与低频率相关,例如125千赫兹或13.5兆赫兹,与线圈状结构和RF能量获取耦合的近场与较长的距离、较低的功率、与RF天线耦合的较高频率的波相关。
根据本发明的示例性光学镜片组件可以包括电路板或基板、电子电路、镜片结构(光学)和天线结构。电子电路可以包括安装在电路板上的多个电子部件,电路板可以提供使电子部件相互连接的配线迹线。电路板可以机械地附接到镜片,以形成光学镜片组件的刚性部件。作为另外一种选择,电路板可以不机械地附接到镜片,从而不形成光学镜片组件的刚性部件。这种装置可以根椐镜片的类型而改变。在一些示例性实施例中,天线结构或天线可以包括线圈,该线圈包括围绕镜片结构安装且与该镜片结构同中心的一个或多个线材环。在可选的示例性实施例中,天线可以包括电路板上的一个或多个配线迹线。天线可以电子地耦合到电子电路。在一些示例性实施例中,电子电路可以向天线提供发送信号,以便发送该发送信号上载有的传出的电磁信号,而在可选的示例性实施例中,天线可以接收引入的电磁信号并且向电子电路提供接收的信号。在另一个可选的示例性实施例中,天线可以用来发送和接收信号。在另一个可选的示例性实施例中,天线可以用来对存储元件或电池感应充电。在一些示例性实施例中,单个天线还可以用于通信和电力传送,如接下来详细描述的。
结合到医疗装置(例如眼科装置)中的天线和天线系统或组件可以用于各种应用或者被构造为用于各种应用。这些应用包括:向眼科装置发送数据/从眼科装置接收数据;感测眼科装置所处的环境的信息;对与眼科装置相关联的电池充电,以及其它装置的致动或启动。从眼科装置和到眼科装置的数据流可以包括与以下装置的通信:密匙卡、智能手机或其它手持装置以及无线网络;用于保持眼科装置的壳体,例如化学物质或基于UV的消毒系统清洁用于角膜接触镜片的壳体;以及任何其它类型的能够经由RF或感应无线联接接收文字信息、视频信息、遥感信息、图像、软件或用于再编程或升级的代码等的装置。待发送或接收的数据或信息可以包括泪液膜分析、眼内压力、心率、血压等。根据应用,眼科装置可以用来感测任何数量的参数,例如用于容纳镜片的睫毛肌肉收缩。相关地,来自天线或天线系统的输出可以用来致动或启动次级装置,该次级装置用于改变装置的光学特性以及分配药物或治疗剂。如上所述,天线和天线组件可以用来对电池再充电,或者用于远程连续供电。这可以是感应供电而不是充电的形式。天线还可以用来在眼科装置(例如镜片)之间通信,以检测阅读期间眼睛的会聚,或者同步用于三维全息实现的行为。
天线和天线组件可以以任何数量的方式物理地实现。物理实现包括结合到眼科装置中的电路上的导电迹线,和/或嵌入在装置中的多匝线材、印刷在装置中/上的导电迹线、和/或在叠芯组件中作为一层。例如,利用适当的迹线冶金方法,在基板材料上,天线可以制造在圆形/垫圈或弧形层上,其中迹线位于该层的一侧或两侧上。同样可以在单个装置上采用多个天线。
附图说明
下文是附图所示的本发明优选实施例的更为具体的说明,通过这些说明,本发明的上述及其他特征和优点将显而易见。
图1A为根据本发明的包括单环天线的光学镜片组件的第一示例性实施例的示意图。
图1B为图1A的光学镜片组件的第一示例性电路板的示意图。
图2为根据本发明的第二示例性电路板的示意图。
图3为根据本发明的第三示例性电路板的示意图。
图4为根据本发明的包括线圈天线子组件的光学镜片组件的第二示例性实施例的示意图。
图5为根据本发明的天线和接收器电路的示意性方框图。
图6为根据本发明的天线和发送器电路的示意性方框图。
图7为根据本发明的感应充电电路的示意性方框图。
图8为根据本发明的发送器电路与包括天线和接收器的光学镜片组件组合的示意性方框图。
图9为根据本发明的初级感应电路与结合到光学镜片组件中的次级感应电路组合的示意性方框图。
图10为根据本发明的结合到角膜接触镜片保持壳体中的角膜接触镜片感应充电系统的示意性方框图。
图11为根据本发明的四匝螺旋天线的示意图,该四匝螺旋天线可用于通信和电力传送。
图12为根据本发明的芯片堆叠构造的示意图。
图13为根据本发明的角膜接触镜片中的设计天线的横截面的示意图,其中天线导体与导电性泪液膜绝缘。
图13A为根据本发明的具有绝缘体的基板上的天线迹线的横截面图。
图14为根据本发明的角膜接触镜片和单环天线的简化示意图。
图15为根据本发明的具有附加联接件的天线迹线的示意图。
图16A和B为根据本发明的电路板上的天线的示意图。
具体实施方式
参见图1A,其示出了光学镜片组件100的第一示例性实施例。尽管示出为角膜接触镜片,但是重要的是要注意到,本发明可以用于具有医疗和眼科应用的任意数量的装置以及结合有镜片的任何装置,例如相机、双筒镜和显微镜。示例性光学镜片组件100包括镜片结构102、电路板104、电子电路106和单匝环天线108,该电子电路106定位在电路板104上,该单匝环天线108也定位在电路板104上,以便不妨碍镜片结构102。如本文所用,镜片结构102可以包括组件的一部分,其用作光学镜片且不必是单独的部件,而是例如水凝胶包覆成型的部件区域。电子电路106和天线108可以通过任何合适的手段连接到或安装到电路板104,例如焊接、丝焊、导电性环氧树脂、导电性油墨和导电性聚合物以及用于任意数量应用的任何合适的构造。在此所用的电路板104可以包括任何合适的基板,包括具有镍金表面抛光的柔性聚酰亚胺基板上的铜迹线。接下来更详细地描述电路板。电子电路106可以包括安装到电路板104上的一个或多个电子部件110,电路板104可以包括相互连接的导电迹线112,以将一个或多个电子部件110相互连接。电路板104可以通过任何合适的手段附接到镜片结构102。例如,电路板104可以机械地连接到镜片结构102,以形成光学镜片组件100的刚性部件。单匝环天线108可以由任意数量的合适的导电性材料形成,并且利用任意数量的技术构造而成。在所示的示例性实施例中,天线108可以由电路板104上的配线迹线形成并且被布置为形成电磁结构,该电磁结构具有预定特性以用于在佩戴在身上或眼中时操作为天线,例如指向性、效率和/或增益,或者操作为感应器,以用于磁性地耦合到另一个感应器。单匝环天线108可以通过配线迹线112电耦合到电子电路106。如上所述,天线可以由任意数量的合适的导电性材料和合金制成,包括铜、银、金、镍、铟锡氧化物和铂。优选地,天线由非活性的生物相容性材料制成。
图1B示出了图1A的示例性光学镜片组件100的电路板104的额外的细节。电路板104可以包括安装垫114,以方便电子部件110的电连接和安装(图1A)。安装垫114可以由任意数量的合适的材料构成,例如,垫114可以用于形成金属迹线112的金属层构成,并且还可以涂覆有,或更适合的是利用任何合适的方法镀有额外的金属层,以增强可制造性和可靠性,如本领域技术人员已知的。电路板104还可以构造为提供开口116,镜片结构或光学区段102可以安装在该开口中(图1A),或者光可以通过安装在电路板104一侧上的镜片结构穿过该开口。电路板104可以包括导电层和绝缘层,例如焊接掩模以覆盖顶部导电层,或绝缘体以分离导电层,如接下来将更详细地解释的。具有多种可供选择的构造。
图2示出了可选示例性电路板204,其可以用于图1A所示的光学镜片组件100。电路板204包括顶侧导电性相互连接的迹线212a和底侧导电性相互连接的迹线212b(以虚线显示)、用于在顶侧和底侧之间进行电连接的通孔或通路218、安装垫214、中心开口216和多匝环天线220而不是单匝环天线。多匝环天线220包括在电路板204的顶侧和/或底侧上形成的两圈或更多圈线材、导电迹线等。如果在相对两侧上采用多个天线,那么通孔或通路208可以用来在它们之间进行连接。应当理解,电路板204可以包括额外的金属层,层的任意组合可以用来构造多匝环天线220。
现在参考图3,其示出了另一个可选的示例性电路板304,该电路板可以用于图1A所示的光学镜片组件100。电路板304包括顶侧导电性相互连接的迹线312a、底侧导电性相互连接的迹线312b、(用虚线示出)通孔通路318、安装垫314、中心开口316和一个或多个螺旋天线结构320。一个或多个螺旋天线结构320各自包括在电路板304的顶侧金属、底侧金属或顶侧和底侧金属上形成的一匝或多匝线材、导电迹线等。如果在相对两侧上采用一个或多个天线结构320,那么通孔通路318可以用来在它们之间进行连接。应当理解,电路板304可以包括额外的金属层,层的任意组合可以用来构造螺旋天线结构320。可选的是,天线结构可以嵌在内导电层上,其它导电层位于天线结构320的上方和/或下方。
图4示出了光学镜片组件400的另一个示例性实施例。光学镜片组件400包括镜片结构或光学结构402、电路板404、电子电路406和线圈天线子组件408。电子电路406可以包括安装到电路板404上的电子部件410,电路板404可以提供导电性相互连接的迹线412,以将电子部件410相互连接。和上述示例性实施例一样,电子部件可以通过任何合适的方式连接到电路板404,包括安装垫(未示出)。电路板404可以通过任何合适的手段附接到镜片结构402。例如,电路板404可以机械地连接到镜片结构402,以形成光学镜片组件400的刚性部件。线圈天线子组件408可以包括为圆形形式的一匝或多匝线材等,以形成电磁结构,该电磁结构具有期望的特性以用于在佩戴在身上或眼中时操作为天线,例如指向性、效率或增益,或者操作为感应器,以用于磁性地耦合到另一个感应器线圈。线圈天线子组件408可以通过配线迹线412和电子部件410电耦合到电子电路406。图1A的光学镜片组件和图4的光学镜片组件之间的新颖性或主要差别在于天线。图1A的装置包括与电路板104一起构造的单匝环天线108,而图4的装置包括与电路板404分开的线圈天线子组件408。这种设计可以提供制造、成本、组装、天线性能以及其它特性的优点。天线子组件408可以与镜片402例如结合为镜片部件中的线材或印刷线圈。
重要的是要注意到,本文所述的电路板可以利用任意数量的制造技术由任意数量的生物相容性材料或材料的组合构成。接下来给出更详细的描述。
参见图11,其示出了单个天线1100的示例性实施例,该天线可以用于通信和/或电力传送。在图11中,单个天线1100被构造为单个四环螺旋天线,其中在第一环之后具有第一接头点1102,并且在第四环之后具有第二接头点1104。例如,单环接头1102期望900兆赫兹,而四环接头1104期望13.5兆赫兹。高通滤波器1106耦合到第一接头点1102,而低通滤波器1108耦合到第二接头点1104。高通滤波器1106可以将电信号耦合到RF发送或接收电路,例如以用于通信或电力耦合。低通滤波器1108也可以将电信号耦合到较低频率的发送或接收电路,例如以用于通信或电力耦合。低通滤波器和高通滤波器可以利用相关技术领域技术人员已知的多种部件和/或软件以多种构造来实施。
如相关领域中已知的,印刷电路板常常制造有一个或多个玻璃纤维强化环氧树脂(例如FR-4玻璃纤维环氧树脂或聚酰亚胺柔性材料)层合片材层,以形成柔性电路板。导电性电路迹线可以通过以下方式形成:将绝缘层涂覆有预定厚度的铜或其它合适的导电性材料,在其上施加光阻材料,以及根据期望的电路路由图案选择性地图案化和蚀刻该材料。多层板可以用粘合剂构建而形成各层。然后,上部迹线可以镀有镍金或其它材料,以获得合适的耐腐蚀性、可焊接性以及可粘合性。
天线迹线可以直接形成在角膜接触镜片或光学插入件中。镜片模制方法可以允许天线插入或沉积在角膜接触镜片的聚合物中。在制造期间,天线可以沉积为印刷固化迹线。在模制期间,包含天线的插入件可以增加到角膜接触镜片上。通过选择性地沉积金属、广泛地沉积然后选择性地移除金属、沉积液态固化导体或其它手段,天线可以制造在光学插入件上。天线的功能与针对电路板所述的类似;然而,物理实现处于聚合物或塑料上而不是在通常的电路板材料上。
线圈子组件可以通过将牙釉质涂覆的线材卷绕在圆柱形结构上制造而成,该圆柱形结构结合为镜片组件的一部分。作为另外一种选择,线材可以缠绕到镜片结构自身的外部部分上,并且任选地粘合(粘接)或以其它方式附接到镜片结构。用于将线材附接到镜片的任何合适的装置(例如小接片)可以用来将绕组固定就位。在另一个可选实施例中,线圈可以通过例如利用激光或机械装置在镜片组件的内部部分或外部部分上的导电层中选择性地蚀刻导电迹线的螺旋或圆形图案而形成。
天线还可以通过首先制造叠芯结构,然后将该结构嵌入到角膜接触镜片而形成在角膜接触镜片中。利用适当的迹线冶金方法,在诸如玻璃、硅或氧化铝的基板材料上,天线可以制造在圆形/垫圈或弧形层上,其中导电迹线位于该层的一侧或两侧上。天线层可以与其它层组合,以形成电子系统,该电子系统可能包括电池、传感器和任意数量的其它电子电路或装置。天线可以被构造为在装置的相对两侧上的全环或部分环,或者绕过其它装置,并且均通过通路和/或桥部相互连接。
图12示出了结合到角膜接触镜片1200中的示例性叠芯装置。如图所示,角膜接触镜片包括光学镜片区域1202、一个或多个电子部件1204的层以及至少一个天线层1206。光学镜片区域1202包括在其周边上的前光学器件、后光学器件和金属化的凸缘1208。叠芯封装到形成镜片1200的聚合物中。重要的是要注意到,本文所述的任何天线,包括单匝环天线、多匝环天线、螺旋天线或线圈天线子组件,也可以封装到形成具有基板或没有基板的镜片的聚合物中。
不管导电性天线迹线(例如线材线圈构造)经由直接印刷在形成镜片的材料上和/或中的叠芯或导电迹线在电路板上的物理实施,天线迹线优选地应当与眼睛中或上找到的围绕的导电性流体绝缘。眼睛的泪液膜包括三个层。第一层或底层为涂布眼的层并且包含粘蛋白,所述粘蛋白由称为杯状细胞的结膜中的细胞产生。粘蛋白填充眼表面上或眼表面中的微观不规则,这对于使视力清晰是重要的。泪膜的第二层或中间层包含组成泪膜的主体的水基物质。水组分的大多数由主泪腺产生或提供。泪膜的第三层或顶层包含由睑腺分泌的油的薄层,并且用于防止泪液过快蒸发。含水体液是眼睛的角膜和晶状体之间的前腔室中的澄清水状流体,其成分类似于血浆。玻璃质体液是眼睛的晶状体和视网膜之间的后腔室中的果冻状流体。眼泪和含水体液可能含有导电性成分。因此,在没有适当绝缘的情况下,可能在天线迹线之间出现不期望的短路,或者天线的性能可能由于附近存在具有高介电常数的导电性流体或材料而下降。例如,如上所述,泪液膜包括水和盐离子的导电性溶液。人体组织以及泪液膜还具有介电特性,该介电特性可以改变天线的调谐频率响应和效率。
现在参见图13,其示出了镜片(例如角膜接触镜片)中的天线装置的三个示例性实施例的横截面。如图所示,镜片1300包括柔性电路板1302,天线迹线1304可以以图案化的方式形成在该电路板上。电路板1302上还安装有镜片模块1306和电子部件1308。绝缘层1310位于天线迹线上。角膜接触镜片聚合物1312包封整个组件。如图所示,镜片1320包括叠芯装置1322,该叠芯装置具有作为顶层的天线层1326。叠芯装置1322还包括布置在各层中的多个电子部件的层1328和1330。层1328可以包括多个功能部件,例如集成的电路RF接收器。例如,层1330可以包括多个电池层或其它能量存储装置。层1326可以包括额外的电路或天线。绝缘层1324可以位于天线层1326的顶部上。再次,角膜接触镜片聚合物包封整个组件。如图所示,镜片1340包括天线1342,该天线直接安装在镜片模块上,绝缘层1348定位在天线上。集成的电路可以连接到例如作为RF接收器的天线1342。角膜接触镜片聚合物1344包封整个组件。
绝缘层1310、1324和1348可以以任意数量的方式植入。例如,在电路板上,通常植入焊接淹模层,这隔绝了所有的迹线,除了限定的垫,该垫敞开以允许连接到例如分立部件的部件、电池和/或集成电路。在叠芯装置,底层填料或其它粘接剂或密封剂可以用作芯片附接和包络中的标准操作。对于利用直接在光学聚合物上形成的天线迹线的设计,绝缘层可以通过半导体处理工业中抑制的标准沉积或涂覆技术沉积。这些方法中任一种方法可以经历进一步的绝缘或封装,包括paralyne涂覆、电介质沉积、浸涂、旋涂或喷涂。对于给定的具体迹线几何形状和间距,在施加电磁场的情况下,绝缘材料必须具有足够的介电强度。
现在参见图13A,其示出了具有多个部件(包括其上具有绝缘物质的基板上的天线迹线)的角膜接触镜片1360的横截面。基板1362可以包括任何合适的表面(包括电路板)、硅或叠芯中所用的其它材料、光学塑料/聚合物、或者适合于光学和金属迹线的任何其它基板材料。天线迹线1364可以利用任何合适的技术(例如本文所述的那些技术)形成在基板1362上。对于植入为线材组件的天线,天线可以不直接形成在基板上。绝缘层1366在天线迹线1364之间提供电气和机械隔离,并且在天线迹线1364和周围环境之间提供电气和机械隔离,该周围环境可以包括生物相容性聚合物1368和眼的环境1370,该眼的环境包括与镜片1360接触的泪液膜等。绝缘层1366和生物相容性聚合物层1368还可以提供用于天线迹线1364和基板1362的化学和机械隔离。
天线和具有高介电常数的附近物质或连接到多个电路节点的附近物体之间的物理间距可能影响天线频率响应、调谐和效率。寄生电容可以围绕环天线分布,导致性能与设计目标相比显著改变。其它电路迹线应当与天线迹线保持尽可能的远,以避免寄生耦合。应当进行电磁场模拟,以在附近存在物体和物质的情况下设计天线。
现在转到图15,其示出了天线迹线寄生耦合的示意图。天线迹线1502可以利用任何合适的技术(例如本文所述的那些技术)形成在任何合适的基板1500上,该基板可以包括电路板或叠芯。安装在基板1500上且位于天线迹线1302附近的其它部件1506可以通过由电容器1504表示的寄生电容耦合到天线迹线1502。如上所述,以及本领域中已知的,这种耦合可以显著影响天线性能。然而,通过借助于一定距离或屏蔽材料而增加在其它部件1506处天线迹线1502之间的间距1508,可以减少这种寄生耦合。
图16A和16B为示出相对于图15所述的概念的示意图。在图16A中,电路板1614上的天线迹线1602靠近迹线1604、1606、1608和1610以及电子部件1612。这些导电迹线和/或电子部件中的每一个都可能使得寄生电容沿着天线迹线1602分布。因此,在图16B中示出了单个方案,其中电路板1614'上的天线迹线1602'与迹线1604'、1606'、1608'和1610'以及部件1614'分开,从而减少寄生电容且改进天线性能。
天线或天线系统可以用作用于接收信号的装置、用于发送信号的装置、感应耦合装置、或它们的任何组合。天线的功能确定其设计以及其支撑电路。例如,天线可以耦合到接收器电路、发送器电路、感应耦合电路、或它们的任何组合。基本上,天线为电气装置,将电磁波转换为电信号、将电信号转换为电磁波,或者将电信号转换为不同的电信号。以下的讨论集中于天线及其相关电路的三种不同的用途。
重要的是要注意到,接下来所示和所述的电路能够以多种方式实施。在一个示例性实施例中,电路可以利用离散模拟部件实施。在另一个示例性实施例中,电路可以实施为集成电路或离散部件的组合。在另一个可选的示例性实施例中,电路或具体功能可以经由在微处理器或微控制器上运行的软件实施。
参见图5,其示出了天线502和相关的无线电接收器500。无线电接收器电子电路500包括天线匹配电路504、接收器电路506、控制器508、致动器510、电池512和电力管理电路514。在这种构造中,天线502适于接收电磁信号501,并且将接收到的电信号提供给天线匹配电路504。天线匹配电路504可以包括平衡源和载荷之间的阻抗所需的任何合适的电路,以最大化电力传送和/或最小化来自载荷反应。基本上,天线阻抗为天线上任一点处电压与电流的比,对于有效的操作,天线阻抗应当与载荷匹配,从而采用匹配电路。在这种情况下,匹配电路504用来提供天线502和接收器电路506之间的阻抗匹配,以优化电力匹配、噪声匹配或其它匹配条件,如无线电和电路设计领域中已知的。接收器电路506包括处理由天线502接收到的调制信号并且向控制器508提供调制的信号所必要的任何合适的电路。为了清楚起见,调制涉及改变信号或电磁波的一个或多个特性。例如,波形可以是振幅调制的(AM)、频率调制的(FM)或相位调制的(PM)。具有其它形式的模拟和数字调制。另一方面,解调涉及从调制的载波提取初始信息承载信号。该解调信息信号向控制器508提供指示。控制器508继而根据解调的信号向致动器510提供控制信号,以控制致动器510的状态或操作。控制信号可以进一步基于控制器的任何内部状态(例如以实施控制规则)和/或与控制器耦合的任何其它电路(例如以实施反馈控制系统,或者根据其它信息(例如基于传感器数据的信息)改变致动器的操作)。电池512提供用于电子电路500中需要能量的所有部件(例如有源部件)的电源。电力管理电路514适于从电池512接收电流,并且调整和调节该电流,以提供可工作的输出电压,该输出电压能够用于电子电路500中的其它有源电路。控制器508还可以用来控制接收器电路506或接收器500中的其它电路。天线502可以包括本文所述构造中的一种或多种。例如,单匝环天线、多匝环天线、螺旋天线、线圈天线子组件或叠芯构造或装置。
如相关领域中已知的,天线与接收和/或发送电路之间的最佳电力传送需要匹配天线中存在的阻抗和电路中存在的阻抗。基本上,当天线和电路阻抗的电抗性成分被取消且阻抗的电阻成分相等时产生最佳电力传送。可以引入匹配电路,以将天线耦合到电路,使其均满足最佳电力传送标准,从而允许在天线和电路之间形成最佳电力传送。作为另外一种选择,可以选择不同的标准,以优化不同的参数,例如电路的最大电流或电压。匹配电路是本领域中众所周知的,并且可以利用离散电路部件(例如电容器、感应器和电阻器)或者利用导电性结构(例如电路板中提供期望阻抗特性的迹线)进行实施。
小RF环天线的阻抗通常在20和50毫微亨之间,并且匹配部件电子管的电容器在0.5至10皮法的范围内,感应器在3至50毫微亨的范围内。感应充电线圈的阻抗通常在100毫微亨和5毫微亨之间,并且用于调谐电路的相关的电容器在20和100皮法之间。
致动器510可以包括任意数量的合适的装置。例如,致动器510可以包括任何类型的机电装置,例如泵或换能器。致动器还可以包括电气装置、化学释放装置或它们的任何组合。致动器510可以用受控制的装置代替,例如发光二极管或二极管阵列或任何其它合适的显示器或用户界面。换句话讲,电路500可以利用致动器(主动装置)或受控制的装置(被动装置)。如本文中所用,被动装置为不输出或控制另外的装置的装置,例如诸如马达的致动器为主动装置,而显示器或监视器为被动装置。相比之下,在电子器件术语中,被动电子装置为例如电阻器、电容器和感应器,主动装置为例如晶体管。如本文所用的主动装置为能够改变其“操作性能”的装置,例如晶体管。
电池512可以包括用于存储电能的任何合适的装置。例如,电池512可以包括不可充电的电化学电池、可充电的电化学电池、储存电化学电池和/或电容器。在可选的示例性实施例中,如上相对于RF能量获取或近场感应耦合所解释的,可能不需要电池。作为另外一种选择,机械振动和类似手段可以用来发电或获取电力。
电力管理电路514可以包括额外的电路,以用于除了调节电池512的输出之外的各种功能。例如,电力管理电路514可以包括用于监测多种电池参数(例如电荷)的电路,防止电池的过度放电,并且监督电子电路500的起动和闭合。
现在参考图6,其示出了天线602和相关的无线电发送器或无线电发送器电路600。无线电发送器电子电路600包括天线匹配电路604、发送器电路606、控制器608、电池610、电力管理电路612和传感器614。在该示例性实施例中,天线602适于从匹配电路604接收匹配的发送电信号,并且根据传送电信号而传播或传递发送电磁信号601。与以上所述类似,匹配电路604可以被构造为提供天线602和发送器电路606之间的阻抗匹配,以优化电力匹配、噪声匹配或其它匹配条件,如信号处理领域中基于人员已知的。与结合致动器的工作不同,控制器608耦合到传感器614并且构造为从传感器614接收传感器数据信号。传感器614可以包括任何类型的传感器,包括机械传感器、化学传感器和/或电传感器。控制器608根据来自传感器614的传感器数据信号向发送器电路606提供发送数据信号。发送数据信号可以进一步基于控制器608的内部状态和/或与控制器608耦合的其它电路的状态。如前所述,电池610提供用于需要能量的任何部件(有源部件)的电势能源。再次,电力管理电路612被构造为从电池610接收电流,并且向电路600中其它有源部件提供调节的供应电压。天线602可以包括本文所述构造中的一种或多种。例如,单匝环天线、多匝环天线、螺旋天线、线圈天线子组件或叠芯构造或装置。
图7示出了包括感应充电接收器的电子电路700。电子电路700包括整流器电路702、电池充电电路704、电池706、电力管理电路708、控制器710和致动器712。次级感应电路714耦合到整流器电路702,并且向整流器电路702提供电力信号。次级感应电路714为大致感应电路,其中电流由初级电路(未示出)的磁场产生。在最简单的方面,整流器电路将交流电转换为直流电。整流器电路702示出为其最简单的形式,大致使用二极管以允许电流沿单个方向流动。感应电路714也示出为其具有线圈的最简单的形式,电流用来在该线圈中产生磁场。根据具体应用的需要,这些电路中的两个可以更加复杂。本领域的技术人员将会认识到谐振电路和整流器电路的许多可选的示例性实施例,包括全波桥整流器,该整流器可以或可以不耦合到具有次级接头的感应器,这可以提高整流效率,但是基本上执行相同的或类似的功能。整流器电路702整流电力信号,以向电池充电电路704提供直流电(DC)信号。电池充电电路704耦合到电池706,该电池还耦合到电力管理电路708,并且向电力管理电路708提供能量。重要的是要注意到,虽然该图示出了在单个节点处耦合电池充电电路、电池和电力管理电路的示例性连接,但是存在各种实施方案,其具有单独的“管理电力路径”,利用开关切换网络,以选择性地耦合一个或多个装置。电力管理电路708可以向控制器710和致动器712提供调节的电压供应。控制器710还可以被构造为从电力管理电路708接收指示器信号,并且向电力管理电路708提供控制信号。控制器710向致动器712提供致动器控制信号。在操作中,电池充电电路704可以感测电池706的电池电压和能够从整流器电路702获得的电压。如果能够获得的电压大于电池电压,并且如果电池电压低于期望充电水平,那么电池充电电路704可以对电池充电,直到能够获得的电压过低或者电池电压达到期望充电水平。控制器710可以内部状态机器或微处理器芯和软件的控制下进行操作,以便周期性输入低或高的电力状态,命令电力管理电路708改变操作模式,且控制致动器710。电力管理电路708可以感测电池电压,并且在指示器信号上提供电池706的电荷状态的指示。控制器710的操作可以取决于指示器信号,并且因此取决于电池706的电荷状态。次级感应电路714可以包括单匝环天线、多匝环天线、螺旋天线结构或线圈天线子组件中的一个或多个。
现在参见图8,其示出了示例性发送器和包括图5所示的接收器的示例性光学镜片组件。如图所示,整个系统800包括控制发送器802和光学镜片组件804。控制发送器802可以包括天线806、发送器电路808、电池810和用户界面812。例如,用户界面812可以是可选的部件。天线806可以包括任何合适的装置,例如本文所公开的那些装置。重要的是要注意到,电池810可以包括任何合适的装置,包括可充电电池、不可充电电池、一个或多个电容器和利用上述AC适配器工作的电源。用户界面812耦合到发送器电路808,并且可以提供按钮或类似装置,以用于使用者控制和/或观察发送器电路808的状态。换句话讲,用户界面812可以包括任何合适的装置,例如按钮、触摸屏显示器或任何其它抑制的装置,使用者或操作者可以通过该装置向发送器电路808发送命令和与发送器电路808通信。发送器电路808生成电发送信号,并且向天线801提供该电发送信号,以传递发送电磁信号801。发送电磁信号801可以基于由使用者/操作者提供的控制信息,和/或可以基于发送器802的内部状态。光学镜片组件804还可以包括天线814、电子电路816(其可以与图5的电路500基本类似)和镜片结构818,天线814和电子电路816与该镜片结构结合。
而图8示出了示例性发送器和示例性光学镜片组件,图9示出了示例性感应充电系统902和示例性光学镜片组件904,包括次级感应电路906和电子电路914。感应充电系统902包括初级感应电路908、感应发送器电路910和电池912。电池912提供感应发送器电路910的电势能源。感应发送器电路910生成驱动信号,并且向初级感应电路908提供该驱动信号,以在初级电路908中产生交变磁场。初级感应电路908可以包括任何合适的设计,例如具有串联或并联电路装置,如相关领域中众所周知的。光学镜片组件904包括次级电路906和电子电路914。在充电操作期间,次级电路906可以磁性地耦合到初级电路908,使得感应的磁场在次级电路906中产生电流,该电流被提供给电子电路914。电子电路914可以包括与电路700(图7)基本类似的电路,次级电路906可以包括任何类型的天线,例如本文所述的那些天线。电子电路914和次级电路901可以以任何合适的方式(例如本文所述的示例性实施例中任一个)结合到光学镜片组件916中。
图9所示的充电系统可以结合到任意数量的合适的装置中。图10示出了结合有充电系统的示例性角膜接触镜片壳体1002。示例的角膜接触镜片壳体1002包括镜片保持器1004、电路板1006、感应发送器电路1008、电源1010和初级感应天线结构1012。角膜接触镜片1014包括电路板1016和次级感应天线结构1018。镜片1014在断面中示出,从而没有示出光学结构。在操作中,使用者简单地将镜片1014放置到镜片保持器1004中。镜片保持器1004的形状形成为最佳地对准,并且在次级感应天线结构1018和初级感应天线结构1012之间获得由磁力线1001表示的期望量的磁耦合。
通常,对于无线通信,存在频率范围,为大约900兆赫兹到2.4千兆赫兹,其中调节主体允许的电力水平足以用于通信和RF能量获取。这样的频带已知为866兆赫兹欧洲ISM带,915兆赫兹ISM带和2.4千兆赫兹ISM带。对于电力传送,通用RFID带中指定的大约13.56兆赫兹的频率提供较高的可被允许的场强度和足够高的频率,以具有与小结构的有效耦合。不管用于具体应用的正常频率和电力,当在生物体上、中或附近使用装置时,为了安全,各种参数可能需要定制。
能量获取的过程使得来自任意数量的外部源的能量被捕获,然后存储以备用。典型的实例为RFID系统,其中无线电发送器向远程电力装置传播RF能量。FCC和/或其它类似的管理部门提出了具体的用于传输(包括电力水平)的规章,其处理各种问题,包括能量安全水平。
在可选的示例性实施例中,镜片可以被构造为,其中镜片自身响应于天线的通电和断电,而不是使用额外的电子器件。例如,如图14所示,天线1400可以安装在镜片1402中,使得其在通电时可以使得镜片1402呈现一种具体的形状和/或构造,而在断电时使得镜片1402呈现另一种或不动的形状和/或构造。其操作可以类似于压电材料的使用。天线1400可以直接连接到光电学镜片,使得当被耦合到镜片1402的外部电磁场激励时在天线中产生的电流使得该镜片启动。基本上,实施这种系统的全部要求将是能够在角膜接触镜片的限制内实施的便利的发送电源和接收天线。优选地,仅仅需要天线,而不需要额外的调谐部件。
重要的是要注意到,根据本发明可以采用任意数量的天线设计和相关的电路。本发明的天线可以用于多种应用,包括其它元件的致动,包括视力矫正,分配治疗剂和减光剂,对机载电池和类似的能量存储装置充电,连续的远程供电和能量获取,从镜片发送数据和/或向镜片发送数据,和感测眼睛自身。从镜片发送数据和/或向镜片发送数据可以包括任何类型的信息,包括生物统计数据。
如本文所述,天线可以采取任意数量的形式,包括电路板上迹线,嵌入在镜片中的多圈线材,印刷在镜片上,以及作为叠芯装置中的层。与天线相关的是天线相关电路。可以利用离散部件、集成电路、集成被动装置、MEMS调谐器和开关实现无线电频率匹配。谐振和载荷结构包括限定载荷和Q系数的并联电阻、串联和/或并联谐振、以及适于环境的可调谐结构。
优选地设计的任何天线被设计成用于体表,并且嵌入在能获得的面积和体积有限的含盐环境中。因此,小磁性环装置是优选的,原因是单极和偶极以及类似的天线对于体表或含盐环境而言不是良好的。
可以利用分形设计来实现本文所述的任何天线(例如线圈)以及任何其它天线设计,如相关领域中已知的,以优化性能,包括尺寸、效率、输入阻抗、带宽和多带用途。基本上,分形天线为使用分形的、自相似的设计的任何天线结构,以最大化长度或者增大材料的周长,从而能够在给定的总表面面积或体积内发送和/或接收电磁辐射。对于分形天线而言通常不需要天线调谐单元,原因是其宽的带宽和复杂的谐振。
如本文所述和本领域中已知的,天线通过发送和/或接收电磁波而起作用。在任何天线设计中存在多个必须要处理的关键因素,包括增益、效率、阻抗、带宽、偏振、方向性和辐射图案。这些因素都是重要的,并且能够根据应用而变化。例如,如果天线用在角膜接触镜片中,那么天线优选地设计成定向天线,大量的辐射电力从眼睛向外传播而远离头部。可以根据实用性和期望功能来选择期望的频率和带宽。也可以通过具体设计来确定阻抗,即天线输入处的电压对电流的比。
尽管所示出并描述的据信是最为实用和优选的实施例,但显然,对所述和所示的具体设计和方法的变更对本领域中的技术人员来说不言自明,并且可使用这些变更形式而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。本发明并非局限于所述和所示的具体构造,而是应该理解为与落入所附权利要求书的范围内的全部修改形式相符。
Claims (26)
1.一种眼科镜片组件,包括:
镜片,所述镜片能够放置在眼睛表面内和眼睛表面附近中的至少一处,所述镜片包括视区,所述视区能够用于视力矫正和视力增强中的至少一者;
在所述镜片内的多个环形的基板层,所述多个环形的基板层结合到叠芯构造中,所述叠芯构造包括在垂直方向上堆叠的电子部件层和天线层,所述电子部件层包括安装到至少一个环形的基板层的一个或多个电子部件,所述天线层位于所述电子部件层上方且包括安装到至少一个环形的基板层的至少一个天线装置,所述天线装置与所述一个或多个电子部件可操作地结合,以用于提供与所述一个或多个电子部件的单向或双向通信和电力传送中的至少一者。
2.根据权利要求1所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述镜片包括角膜接触镜片。
3.根据权利要求1所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述镜片包括人工晶状体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述镜片包括眼镜镜片。
5.根据权利要求1所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述至少一个天线装置包括一个或多个单匝环天线。
6.根据权利要求5所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述一个或多个单匝环天线包括导电线材线圈。
7.根据权利要求5所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述一个或多个单匝环天线包括电路板上的导电迹线。
8.根据权利要求5所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述一个或多个单匝环天线包括直接在所述镜片上的导电迹线。
9.根据权利要求5所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述一个或多个单匝环天线包括环形的基板上的导电迹线。
10.根据权利要求1所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述至少一个天线装置包括一个或多个多匝环天线。
11.根据权利要求10所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述一个或多个多匝环天线包括导电线材线圈。
12.根据权利要求10所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述一个或多个多匝环天线包括电路板上的导电迹线。
13.根据权利要求10所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述一个或多个多匝环天线包括直接在所述镜片上的导电迹线。
14.根据权利要求10所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述一个或多个多匝环天线包括环形的基板上的导电迹线。
15.根据权利要求1所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述至少一个天线装置包括一个或多个螺旋天线。
16.根据权利要求15所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述一个或多个螺旋天线包括导电线材线圈。
17.根据权利要求15所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述一个或多个螺旋天线包括电路板上的导电迹线。
18.根据权利要求15所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述一个或多个螺旋天线包括直接在所述镜片上的导电迹线。
19.根据权利要求15所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述一个或多个螺旋天线包括环形的基板上的导电迹线。
20.根据权利要求1所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述至少一个天线装置包括一个或多个接头点。
21.根据权利要求1所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述至少一个天线装置包括分形设计。
22.根据权利要求1所述的眼科镜片组件,还包括能够保护所述至少一个天线装置的绝缘层。
23.根据权利要求1所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述电子部件用于使图像增强、图像捕获和视力矫正成为可能。
24.根据权利要求1所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述天线装置与所述镜片可操作地结合,使得所述至少一个天线装置的通电和断电引起所述镜片中的机械变化。
25.根据权利要求1所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述至少一个天线装置被隔离以减少寄生电容。
26.根据权利要求1所述的眼科镜片组件,其中所述多个环形的基板层、所述一个或多个电子部件和所述至少一个天线装置包封在所述镜片的光学区域之外。
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SG192368A1 (en) | 2013-08-30 |
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CN103257457A (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
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US8857983B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
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US20130194540A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
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