es
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "es"
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Etymology 1
Abbreviation of Spanish español
Symbol
es
Etymology 2
Symbol
es
Etymology 1
Noun
es (plural esses)
- Alternative form of ess (the name of the Latin-script letter S/s) in compounds such as "es-hook".
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Noun
es
Etymology 3
Verb
es
Etymology 4
Noun
es (plural eses)
- The name of the Cyrillic script letter С / с.
Anagrams
Etymology
From Dutch est, variant of eest, from Middle Dutch eeste (also este).
Noun
es (plural esse)
- fireplace
- Synonym: vuurherd
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Article
es n
- neuter of en: a/an
- 1978, Rolf Lyssy & Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher (transcript):
- Das isch September vor eme Jar gsi.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1978, Rolf Lyssy & Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher (transcript):
Declension
Etymology 2
From Middle High German ëȥ, from Old High German iȥ, from Proto-Germanic *it. Cognate with German es.
Pronoun
es n
- (personal) it
Declension
| nominative | accusative | dative | possessive m | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | ich, i | mich, mi | mir, mier, mer | min, miin | |
| 2nd person singular | familiar | du | dich, di | dir, dier, der | din, diin |
| polite | Si | Ine, Ene, -ne | Ire | ||
| 3rd person singular | m | er | in, en | im | sin, siin |
| f | si | ire | |||
| n | es, 's, -s | im | sin, siin | ||
| 1st person plural | mir, mer | üs, öis, ois, eus | üse, öise, oise, euse | ||
| 2nd person plural | ir, ier | öi, eu | öie, eure | ||
| 3rd person plural | si | ine, ene, -ne | ire | ||
Alemannic German personal pronouns
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Pronoun
es
- them (masculine direct object)
Synonyms
Alternative forms
Etymology
Verb
es first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative easi or ease, past participle ishitã)
Related terms
- ishiri / ishire
- ishit
- ishitã
- ishitor
See also
Etymology 1
Pronoun
es
Usage notes
The usage of es is mainly impersonal. When referring to a noun, the form des is preferred.
See also
| nominative | accusative | dative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
| 1st person singular | i | — | mi | — | mia (mir) | ma | |
| 2nd person singular (informal) |
du | — | di | — | dia (dir) | da | |
| 2nd person singular (formal) |
Sie | — | Eahna | — | Eahna | — | |
| 3rd person singular | m | er | a | eahm | 'n | eahm | 'n |
| n | es, des | 's | des | 's | |||
| f | se, de | 's | se | 's | ihr | — | |
| 1st person plural | mia (mir) | ma | uns | — | uns | — | |
| 2nd person plural | eß, ihr | — | enk, eich | — | enk, eich | — | |
| 3rd person plural | se | 's | eahna | — | eahna | — | |
Bavarian personal pronouns
Etymology 2
Pronoun
es
- Alternative spelling of eß (“you”, plural)
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Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Pronoun
es (proclitic, contracted s', enclitic se, contracted enclitic 's)
- himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
- oneself (direct or indirect object)
- themselves (direct or indirect object)
- each other (direct or indirect object)
Usage notes
Declension
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
Etymology 2
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Article
es m sg (feminine sa, masculine plural es, masculine plural sos, feminine plural ses)
Usage notes
- In Balearic Catalan, es contrasts with el as an obviative article, but is often used in first instance.
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Noun
es
Further reading
- “es” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle High German ëz, iz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-West Germanic *it, from Proto-Germanic *it, nominative/accusative singular neuter of *iz. Cognate with German es.
Pronoun
es
Inflection
| nominative | accusative | dative | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | ich | mich | miar | |
| 2nd person singular | familiar | du | dich | diar |
| polite | iart | ach | òich | |
| 3rd person singular | m | èar, ar | in, en | iime |
| f | zi, ze | iar | ||
| n | es, is | es, 's | iime | |
| 1st person plural | bar, bandare | zich | izàndarn | |
| 2nd person plural | iart, iartàndare, artàndare | òich, ach | ogàndarn | |
| 3rd person plural | ze, zòi, zandare | zich | innàndarn | |
Cimbrian personal pronouns
References
- “es” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *es. Compare to Kumyk эс (es), etc.
Noun
es
References
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Noun
es n (indeclinable)
- The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
See also
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
es n
- inflection of eso:
Noun
es n (singular definite esset, plural indefinite esser)
- (card games) ace
- Jeg har alle esserne.
- I have all the aces.
- Jeg har alle esserne.
Declension
Declension of es
See also
- være i sit es
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch essche, from Old Dutch *aska, from Proto-West Germanic *ask, from Proto-Germanic *askaz, *askiz.
Compare West Frisian esk, English ash, German Esche, Danish ask, compare Welsh onnen, Latin ornus (“wild mountain ash”), Lithuanian úosis, Russian ясень (jasenʹ), Albanian ah (“beech”), Ancient Greek ὀξύα (oxúa, “beech”), Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi, “ash tree”).
Pronunciation
Noun
es m (plural essen, diminutive esje n)
- ash, ash tree, Fraxinus excelsior
- ash, any tree of the genus Fraxinus
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
es m (plural essen, diminutive esje n)
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Adverb
es
Etymology 4
From Middle Dutch esche, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *atiska-. More at German Esch, Gothic 𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 (atisk).
Pronunciation
Noun
es m (plural essen, diminutive esje n)
- a tract of open, often raised agricultural land near or surrounding a village or hamlet
- Synonym: enk
Alternative forms
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
es
Usage notes
Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.
Declension
| Inflection of es (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | es | esit | |
| genitive | esin | esien | |
| partitive | esiä | esejä | |
| illative | esiin | eseihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | es | esit | |
| accusative | nom. | es | esit |
| gen. | esin | ||
| genitive | esin | esien | |
| partitive | esiä | esejä | |
| inessive | esissä | eseissä | |
| elative | esistä | eseistä | |
| illative | esiin | eseihin | |
| adessive | esillä | eseillä | |
| ablative | esiltä | eseiltä | |
| allative | esille | eseille | |
| essive | esinä | eseinä | |
| translative | esiksi | eseiksi | |
| abessive | esittä | eseittä | |
| instructive | — | esein | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms of es (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
compounds
Anagrams
Pronunciation
Verb
es
Anagrams
Noun
es (plural esing)
References
- Robert L. Bradshaw, Fuyug grammar sketch (2007)
Pronunciation
Verb
es
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle High German ëz, from Old High German iz, from Proto-Germanic *it. Compare English it.
Pronoun
es n
- nominative and accusative neuter third-person singular personal pronoun
- Wo ist das Buch? Es liegt auf dem Tisch. (
) ― Where's the book? It’s on the table.Audio: (file) - Wo ist das Kind? Ich habe es. ― Where is the child? I have it.
- Welche Farbe hat das Pferd? Es ist weiß. (
) ― What color is the horse? It is white.Audio: (file) - Ich bemerkte ein merkwürdiges bärtiges Individuum und beschloss, es im Auge zu behalten. (
) ― I remarked a strange bearded individual and decided to keep an eye on him.Audio: (file) - Das Mädchen wusste nicht, dass es beobachtet wurde. (
) ― The girl didn’t know that she was being observed.Audio: (file) - Jedes Vorstandsmitglied kann das Wort ergreifen, wenn es dies wünscht. (
) ― Any board member may take the floor if they so wish.Audio: (file)
- 1952, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, Das dicke Kind:
- Das Kind sagte nichts und sah mich mit seinen kühlen Augen an. Dann war es fort.
- The child said nothing and looked at me with her cold eyes. Then she was gone.
- Wo ist das Buch? Es liegt auf dem Tisch. (
- Impersonal pronoun used to refer to statements, activities, the environment etc., or as a placeholder/dummy pronoun — it
- Das kann es nicht geben. (
) ― This is nothing that could possibly exist.Audio: (file) - Sie begann zu laufen, und ich tat es auch. ― She started to run, and so did I. (literally, “She began to run, and I did it also.”)
- Es war einmal eine schöne Prinzessin. (
) ― There was once a beautiful princess.Audio: (file) - Es ist gut zu leben! (
) ― It's good to be alive!Audio: (file) - Es regnet. (
) ― It’s raining.Audio: (file) - Es ist sicher, dass morgen die Sonne scheinen wird. (
) ― It's certain that the sun will shine tomorrow.Audio: (file) - Wie geht es dir? (
) ― How are you doing?Audio: (file) - Ich bin es, Michael. (
) ― It's me, Michael.Audio: (file) - Es spielt das Fernsehorchester. (
) ― The television orchestra is playing.Audio: (file) - Sie wird es noch weit bringen. (
) ― She is going to go far.Audio: (file)
- Das kann es nicht geben. (
Usage notes
- As a pronoun referring to people who are grammatically neutral, it is sometimes considered old-fashioned or dated to insist on using the neutral es instead of er/sie, especially for Mädchen, in spoken language, and when there is a large distance between when the person is introduced and when the corresponding pronoun is used.
- In a small and closed set of phrases, es continues a Middle High German ës which was the genitive of ëz: Ich bin es müde ‘I am tired of it’.
- In the colloquial speech of some areas, this pronoun is fully replaced with the demonstrative pronoun das, with which it shares the unstressed reduction /s/. This reflects a similar development for sie/die, but predates it.
Declension
| singular | plural | singular and plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person familiar1 |
3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person familiar1 |
3rd person | 2nd person polite/formal | |||
| m | f | n | |||||||
| nominative | ich | du -e2 |
er | sie -se2 |
es | wir | ihr | sie -se2 |
Sie Ihr3 |
| genitive | meiner mein3 |
deiner dein3 |
seiner sein3 |
ihrer | seiner sein3 |
unser | euer | ihrer | Ihrer Euer3 |
| dative | mir | dir | ihm | ihr | ihm | uns | euch | ihnen | Ihnen Euch3 |
| accusative | mich | dich | ihn | sie -se2 |
es | uns | euch | sie -se2 |
Sie Euch3 |
German personal pronouns
1These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters. 2enclitic, colloquial 3archaic
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Article
es n
- (regional, colloquial) Alternative form of das
- Soll ich es Fenster zumachen?
- Should I close the window?
Usage notes
- The contracted form 's is more common, but es is also frequently heard.
Etymology
From Portuguese este. Cognate with Kabuverdianu es.
Pronoun
es
Pronunciation
Pronoun
es
Inflection
| nominative | accusative | dative | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proclitic | Enclitic | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | |
| 1st person singular | ich | -ich | mich
meich |
meer | mer
m'r | |
| 2nd person singular (informal) |
du | -du, -de
-Dau, -De |
dich | deer | der
d'r/D'r | |
| 3rd person singular (m.) | er; där | -er | ihn | en | ihm | em |
| 3rd person singular (f.) | sie; die | -se | sie / ihns | se | eer | re |
| 3rd person singular (n.) | es; das | 's | es |
-et, -'t |
ihm | em |
| 1st person plural | meer | mer | uns | |||
| 2nd person plural | deer
Ehr, Dehr |
der | eich | |||
| 3rd person plural | sie; die | -se | sie | se | denne | |
Hunsrik personal pronouns
Further reading
Pronunciation
Noun
es n (genitive singular ess, nominative plural es)
Declension
Declension of es (neuter)
Related terms
Etymology
By assimilation with English is, French es, Italian essere, Spanish es.
Pronunciation
Verb
es
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Dutch ijs, from Middle Dutch ijs, from Old Dutch *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.
Noun
Alternative forms
- ais (Malaysia, Singapore)
Derived terms
- es bantut
- es batu
- es bening
- es brenibon
- es buah campolai
- es buah hunkue
- es buah tap
- es campur
- es caruk
- es cendol
- es cendol kopi
- es doger
- es Fürst Pückler
- es goyang
- es goyobod
- es hanyut
- es kering
- es kolang-kaling
- es krim
- es krim Neapolitan
- es laksmana mengamuk
- es lekat
- es lilin
- es loder
- es mambo
- es oyen
- es pisang ijo
- es podeng
- es potong
- es puter
- es rumput laut
- es saguer
- es sekoteng
- es selasih
- es selendang mayang
- es serpihan
- es serut
- es tebak
- es teh tarik
- es teler
Etymology 2
Noun
- The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
See also
Further reading
- “es” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Pronunciation
Verb
es
Etymology 1
From Portuguese eles.
Pronoun
es
Etymology 2
From Portuguese este.
Pronoun
es
Alternative forms
- (archaic) as
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź, from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ. Cognates include Latvian es and Lithuanian aš.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
es
Declension
Declension of es
See also
Latgalian personal pronouns
References
- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /es/, [ɛs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /es/, [ɛs]
Noun
es f (indeclinable)
- The name of the letter S.
Usage notes
- Multiple Latin names for the letter S, s have been suggested. The most common is es or a syllabic s, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, sē, sss, əs, sə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ισσε (isse).
Coordinate terms
References
- es in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63
Etymology 2
From Proto-Italic *es, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /es/, [ɛs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /es/, [ɛs]
Verb
es
- second-person singular present active indicative of sum ("you are") (singular)
- second-person singular present active imperative of sum ("be!")
Etymology 3
Form of the verb edō (“I eat”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /eːs/, [eːs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /es/, [ɛs]
Verb
ēs
Synonyms
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