vós

See also: Appendix:Variations of "vos"

Etymology

From Latin vōs.

Pronoun

vós

you (subject pronoun: the group being addressed)

Synonyms

vosotros masculine plural, vosotres feminine plural

Etymology

Inherited from Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈbos]

IPA^(key): (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈvos]
Rhymes: -os

Pronoun

vós (strong)

you

Usage notes

Vós is a polite form, used when addressing a single person. It is used with the second person plural form of the verb. (Compare the polite usage of vous in French.)

Declension

More information strong/subject, weak (direct object) ...

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi³	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic¹	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal¹	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal²	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’⁴	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal²	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
¹⁾ Behaves grammatically as plural. ²⁾ Behaves grammatically as third person.			³⁾ Only as object of a preposition. ⁴⁾ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

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Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese vos, from Latin vōs.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɔs/

Pronoun

vós (accusative vos, dative vos)

second-person plural nominative personal pronoun; you
Synonyms: vosoutros, vostedes
(dated, dialectal) thou, thee (an elevated form of you, singular)
Synonym: vostede
- 1310, E. Portela Silva, editor, La región del obispado de Tuy en los siglos XII a XV, Santiago: Tip. El Eco Franciscano, page 384:
  De min dom ffernan ffernandez de Lima A vos Pero viçente de Martin meu omme Saude
  From me Don Fernán Fernández de Limia to thee Pedro Vicente de Martín, my man, hail
- 1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:
  An que me trataches bén
  si'ávesita non pagàs
  dou ò demo pè ala poño
  nin me alembro de vòs màis.
  Although thou treated me well
  If the visit thou don't pay [lit. you (plural) don't pay]
  No way I'm putting a feet there
  Or remembering thee anymore

Usage notes

When vós is a polite form, addressing a single person, is used with the second person plural form of the verb. Compare the polite usage of vous in French and vós in Catalan.

Derived terms

Related terms

References

Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “vos”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “vos”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “vós”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “vós”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “vós”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

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Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈvɔ(j)s/ [ˈvɔ(ɪ̯)s]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈvɔ(j)ʃ/ [ˈvɔ(ɪ̯)ʃ]

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvɔʃ/
- (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈbɔʃ/

Homophone: voz
Hyphenation: vós

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese vos, from Latin vōs, from Proto-Indo-European *wōs.

Pronoun

vós m pl or f pl by sense

(archaic, dialectal, literary, religion, or humorous) you, ye (second-person plural nominative and prepositional personal pronoun)
Synonyms: vocês, os senhores

Vós deveis fugir. ― Ye must flee.

Onde ides vós? ― Where are ye going?
(archaic, dialectal, literary, religion, or humorous) you, thou (second-person singular nominative and prepositional pronoun used when addressing a deity, noble or certain powerful officials)
Synonyms: tu, você, o senhor

Deus, vós sois a minha força.
God, thou art my strength.

Usage notes

vós has almost fully been replaced by vocês, except in some rural dialects in Northern Portugal. Otherwise, it is an archaic and literary form.

Related terms

Etymology 2

Noun

vós f

plural of vó

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Pronoun

vós

Obsolete spelling of vos.

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number	Person	Nominative (subject)		Accusative (direct object)		Dative (indirect object)	Prepositional		Prepositional with com		Non-declining
Number	Person	m	f	m	f	m and f	m	f	m	f	m	f
Singular	First	eu		me			mim		comigo
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		você
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		o senhor	a senhora
	Third	ele	ela	o (lo, no)	a (la, na)	lhe	ele	ela	com ele	com ela	o mesmo	a mesma
	Third	ele	ela	se			si		consigo		o mesmo	a mesma
Plural	First	nós		nos			nós		connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)		a gente
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco, com vós		vocês
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco, com vós		os senhores	as senhoras
	Third	eles	elas	os (los, nos)	as (las, nas)	lhes	eles	elas	com eles	com elas	os mesmos	as mesmas
	Third	eles	elas	se			si		consigo		os mesmos	as mesmas
Indefinite				se			si		consigo

vós

Etymology

Pronoun

Synonyms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Usage notes

Declension

See also

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Usage notes

Derived terms

Related terms

See also

References

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Pronoun

Usage notes

Related terms

See also

Etymology 2

Noun

Pronoun

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