man

See also: Appendix:Variations of "man"

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Symbol

man

(international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Mandingo.

Pronunciation

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.
Particularly: "Jamaican and South African pronunciation"

(Received Pronunciation, UK) IPA^(key): /man/
(General American) IPA^(key): /mæn/
- (US, Canada, æ-tensing) IPA^(key): [mɛən], [meən], [mẽə̃n]
(Jamaica) IPA^(key): [mɑn]
(New Zealand, parts of South Africa) IPA^(key): [mɛn]
(General Australian) IPA^(key): /meːn/
Audio (US): (file)
Audio (UK): (file)
Rhymes: -æn

Etymology 1

From Middle English man, from Old English mann m (“human being, person, man”), from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann- m, from Proto-Indo-European *mon- (“human being, man”). Doublet of Manu.

Alternative forms

(singular): mang (dialectal rendering, suggesting a Spanish accent), mane (dialectal rendering, suggesting an AAVE accent), mans (slang), mon (slang, used in the vocative, in places such as Jamaica and Shropshire in England), mxn (rare, feminist)
(plural): mans (Multicultural London English, Toronto, nonstandard, proscribed), mens, man, mandem (Multicultural London English),^[1] mens (nonstandard, African-American Vernacular), mxn (rare, feminist), myn (very rare, chiefly humorous)
(interjection): maaan (elongated)

Noun

man (plural men)

An adult male human.
The show is especially popular with middle-aged men.
- 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:
  The king is but a man, as I am; the violet smells to him as it doth to me.
- 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
  “ […] it is not fair of you to bring against mankind double weapons ! Dangerous enough you are as woman alone, without bringing to your aid those gifts of mind suited to problems which men have been accustomed to arrogate to themselves.”
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:man.
(collective) All human males collectively: mankind.
- 2011, Eileen Gray and the Design of Sapphic Modernity: Staying In, page 109:
  Unsurprisingly, if modern man is a sort of camera, modern woman is a picture.
A human, a person regardless of gender or sex, usually an adult. (See usage notes.)
every man for himself
- c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:
  […] a man cannot make him laugh.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Romans 12:17:
  Recompence to no man euill for euill.
- 1624, John Donne, “17. Meditation”, in Deuotions upon Emergent Occasions, and Seuerall Steps in My Sicknes: […], London: […] A[ugustine] M[atthews] for Thomas Iones, →OCLC, pages 415–416:
  No man is an Iland, intire of it ſelfe; euery man is a peece of the Continent, a part of the maine; […]
- c. 1700, Joseph Addison, Monaco, Genoa, &c., page 9:
  A man would expect, in so very ancient a town of Italy, to find some considerable antiquities; but all they have to show of this nature is an old Rostrum of a Roman ship, that stands over the door of their arsenal.
- 1793 August, Edmund Burke, “The Right Hon. Edmund Burke to the Comte de Mercy”, in Charles William [Wentworth-Fitzwilliam], [5th] Earl Fitzwilliam, Richard Bourke, editors, Correspondence of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke; Between the Year 1744, and the Period of His Decease, in 1797, volume IV, London: Francis & John Rivington, […], published 1844, pages 144–145:
  Without this help, such a deplorable havoc is made in the minds of men (both sexes) in France, still more than in the external order of things, and the evil is so great and spreading, that a remedy is impossible on any other terms.
- 1991 edition (original: 1953), Darell Huff, How to Lie with Statistics, pages 19–20:
  Similarly, the next time you learn from your reading that the average man (you hear a good deal about him these days, most of it faintly improbable) brushes his teeth 1.02 times a day—a figure I have just made up, but it may be as good as anyone else's – ask yourself a question. How can anyone have found out such a thing? Is a woman who has read in countless advertisements that non-brushers are social offenders going to confess to a stranger that she does not brush her teeth regularly?
(collective) All humans collectively: mankind, humankind, humanity. (Sometimes capitalized as Man.)
- 1647, Westminster Shorter Catechism, question 10:
  How did God create man?
  
  God created man male and female, after his own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, with dominion over the creatures.
- 1991, Barry J. Blake, Australian Aboriginal Languages: A General Introduction, page 75:
  Academics who study Aboriginal languages are […] contributing to Man’s search for knowledge, a search that interests most people even if they are not personally involved in it.
- 2013 July 20, “Old soldiers?”, in The Economist‎, volume 408, number 8845:
  Whether modern, industrial man is less or more warlike than his hunter-gatherer ancestors is impossible to determine. The machine gun is so much more lethal than the bow and arrow that comparisons are meaningless.
- 2021 January 20, Amanda Gorman, The Hill We Climb:
  We are striving to forge our union with purpose. To compose a country committed to all cultures, colors, characters and conditions of man.
(anthropology, archaeology, paleontology) A member of the genus Homo, especially of the species Homo sapiens.
- 1990, The Almanac of Science and Technology, →ISBN, page 68:
  The evidence suggests that close relatives of early man, in lineages that later became extinct, also were able to use tools.
A male person, usually an adult; a (generally adult male) sentient being, whether human, supernatural, elf, alien, etc.
- c. 1500, “A Gest of Robyn Hode”, in Child Ballads:
  For God is holde a ryghtwys man.
- 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:
  God's a good man.
- 1609 December (first performance), Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Epicoene, or The Silent Woman. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
  Expect: But was the devil a proper man, gossip?
  As fine a gentleman of his inches as ever I saw trusted to the stage, or any where else.
- 2008, Christopher Paolini, Brisingr: Or The Seven Promises of Eragon Shadeslayer and Saphira Bjartskular - Inheritance Book Three, →ISBN, page 549:
  Clearing a space between the tables, the men tested their prowess against one another with feats of wrestling and archery and bouts with quarterstaves. Two of the elves, a man and a woman, demonstrated their skill with swordplay— […]
- 2014, Oisin McGann, Kings of the Realm: Cruel Salvation, Penguin UK, →ISBN:
  There was a pair of burly dwarves – a woman and a man – bearing the markings of the formidable Thane Guards.
An adult male who has, to an eminent degree, qualities considered masculine, such as strength, integrity, and devotion to family; a mensch.
- 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, “In The Enemy’s Camp”, in Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC, part VI (Captain Silver), page 234:
  He’s more a man than any pair of rats of you in this here house […]
- 2011, Timothy Shephard, Can We Help Us?: Growing Up Bi-Racial in America, →ISBN, page 181:
  I had the opportunity to marry one of them but wasn't mature enough to be a man and marry her and be close to the […] children and raise them […].
(uncountable, obsolete, uncommon) Manliness; the quality or state of being manly.
- 1598, Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Euery Man in His Humour. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
  Methought he bare himself in such a fashion, / So full of man, and sweetness in his carriage, / […]
A husband.
- 1549 March 7, Thomas Cranmer [et al.], compilers, The Booke of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacramentes, […], London: […] Edowardi Whitchurche […], →OCLC:
  I pronounce that they are man and wife.
- 1715, Joseph Addison, The Freeholder:
  In the next place, every wife ought to answer for her man.
A male lover; a boyfriend.
Stay away from my man, Sister!
A male enthusiast or devotee; a male who is very fond of or devoted to a specified kind of thing. (Used as the last element of a compound.)
Some people prefer apple pie, but me, I’m a cherry pie man.
A person, usually male, who has duties or skills associated with a specified thing. (Used as the last element of a compound.)
I wanted to be a guitar man on a road tour, but instead I’m a flag man on a road crew.
A person, usually male, who can fulfill one's requirements with regard to a specified matter.
- 2007, Thriller: Stories to Keep You Up All Night, →ISBN, page 553:
  "She's the man for the job."
- 2008, Soccer Dad: A Father, a Son, and a Magic Season, →ISBN, page 148:
  Joanie volunteered, of course — if any dirty job is on offer requiring running, she's your man —
- 2012, The Island Caper: A Jake Lafferty Action Novel, →ISBN, page 34:
  He also owns the only backhoe tractor on Elbow Cay, so whenever anyone needs a cistern dug, he's their man.
A male who belongs to a particular group: an employee, a student or alumnus, a representative, etc.
- 1909, Harper's Weekly, volume 53, page iii:
  When President Roosevelt goes walking in the country about Washington he is always accompanied by two Secret Service men.
- 1913, Robert Herrick, One Woman's Life, page 46:
  "And they're very good people, I assure you — he's a Harvard man." It was the first time Milly had met on intimate terms a graduate of a large university.
An adult male servant.
(historical) A vassal; a subject.
Like master, like man.
(old proverb)

all the king's men
- c. 1700s, William Blackstone:
  The vassal, or tenant, kneeling, ungirt, uncovered, and holding up his hands between those of his lord, professed that he did become his man from that day forth, of life, limb, and earthly honour.
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 46:
  No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or otherwise his man would be there with a message to say that his master would shortly join me if I would kindly wait.
A piece or token used in board games such as backgammon.
- 1883, Henry Richter, Chess Simplified!, page 4:
  The white men are always put on that side of the board which commences by row I, and the black men are placed opposite.
A term of familiar address often implying on the part of the speaker some degree of authority, impatience, or haste.
Come on, man, we've got no time to lose!
A friendly term of address usually reserved for other adult males.
Hey, man, how's it goin'?
(sports) A player on whom another is playing, with the intent of limiting their attacking impact.
- 2018 Dinny Navaratnam, Andrews will learn from experience: Fagan Brisbane Lions, 30 July 2018. Accessed 6 August 2018.
  "It was a brutal return to football for Brisbane Lions defender Harris Andrews as his man Tom Hawkins booted seven goals but Lions Coach Chris Fagan said the team's defensive faults, rather than the backman's, allowed the big Cat to dominate."
- 2023 March 26, Phil McNulty, “England 2-0 Ukraine”, in BBC Sport‎:
  The second arrived three minutes later and was all Saka's own work, the Arsenal winger turning away from his man on the edge of the area and curling a superb effort beyond the reach of Anatoliy Trubin and into the top corner.
A clipping of "in man" or equivalent used in the CGS unit roentgen equivalent man.
- 1953, Notes, Medical Basic Sciences Course, 1950-1953‎, volume 2, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, page 695:
  The roentgen-equivalent-man (or mammal), (rem), is the estimated amount of energy absorbed in tissue which is biologically equivalent in man to 1 r of gamma- or x-rays.
(military slang) a soldier below the rank of a non-commissioned officer.

Usage notes

The use of "man" (compare Old English: mann, wer, wīf) to mean both "human (of any gender)" and "adult male", which developed after Old English's distinct term for the latter (wer) fell out of use, has been criticized since at least the second half of the twentieth century.^[2] Critics claim that the use of "man", both alone and in compounds, to denote a human of any gender "is now often regarded as sexist or at best old-fashioned",^[2] "flatly discriminatory in that it slights or ignores the membership of women in the human race".^[3] The American Heritage Dictionary wrote that in 2004 75–79% of their usage panel still accepted sentences with generic man, and 86–87% accepted sentences with man-made.^[4] Some style guides recommend against generic "man",^[5] and "although some editors and writers reject or disregard […] objections to man as a generic, many now choose instead to use" human, human being or person instead.^[3]
- This generic usage is still preserved in certain dialects, pidgins, and creoles of English, as well as fixed expressions and certain religious documents and declarations such as the Nicene Creed (e.g. "...for us men and our salvation..."). Consideration of this has sometimes led to accusations of the critics of the generic man as enforcing linguistic prescriptivism.
See also the man

Synonyms

(adult male human): omi (Polari); see more at Thesaurus:man
(person): human, person, see more at Thesaurus:person
(board game piece): see Thesaurus:board game piece

Coordinate terms

(gender): woman
(age): boy; male

Derived terms

Related terms

men

Descendants

See also descendants of -man.

Tok Pisin: man
→ Cantonese: man
→ Chinook Jargon: man
→ Korean: 맨 (maen)
→ Mandarin: man (mān)
→ Spanish: man
→ Thai: แมน (mɛɛn)
→ Volapük: man

Translations

See man/translations § Noun.

Adjective

man (not comparable)

Only used in man enough

Interjection

man

Used to place emphasis upon something or someone; sometimes, but not always, when actually addressing a man.
Man, that was a great catch!
- 2019 August 15, Bob Stanley, “'Groovy, groovy, groovy': listening to Woodstock 50 years on – all 38 discs”, in The Guardian‎:
  The 19 meandering minutes of Dark Star are attractive enough but, man, they go on, while poor Creedence Clearwater Revival – headliners, with Bad Moon Rising still in the charts – are watching the clock tick in the wings.
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:man.

Translations

See man/translations § Interjection.

Pronoun

man

(MLE, slang, personal pronoun) Used to refer to oneself or one's group: I, we; construed in the third person.
man's got some new creps
- 2011, Top Boy:
  Sully: If it weren’t for that snake […] Man wouldn’t even be in this mess right now.
- 2013, Jenny Cheshire, “Grammaticalisation in social context: The emergence of a new English pronoun”, in Journal of Sociolinguistics‎, volume 17, number 5, page 609:
  before I got arrested man paid for my own ticket to go Jamaica you know . but I’ve never paid to go on no holiday before this time I paid (Dexter, MLE)
- 2017 September 22, “Man's Not Hot”‎performed by Big Shaq [Michael Dapaah]:
  The girl told me, "take off your jacket" / I said, "Babe, man's not hot" (never hot)
- 2017, Joseph Barnes Phillips, Big Foot ...and Tiny Little Heartstrings:
  Blood I swear she just gave man extra chicken? Two fat pieces of chicken.
(MLE, slang, personal pronoun) You; construed in the third person.
man thinks i was born yesterday
- 2023, Nathan Bryon, Tom Melia, directed by Raine Allen-Miller, Rye Lane, spoken by Nathan (Simon Manyonda):
  Oh, come on. Help a brother out. People see you coppin', might inspire them. Look, I know you ain't payin' bills right now. Man must have bare peas saved up.
(MLE, slang, indefinite personal pronoun) Any person, one
man don't care
- c. 1450, Thomas Chestre, Libeaus Desconus:
  He was of all colours Þat man may se of flours Be-twene Mydsomer and May.
- 2013, Jenny Cheshire, “Grammaticalisation in social context: The emergence of a new English pronoun”, in Journal of Sociolinguistics‎, volume 17, number 5, page 609:
  I don’t really mind how . how my girl looks if she looks decent yeah and there’s one bit of her face that just looks mashed yeah . I don’t care it’s her personality man’s looking at (Alex, Multicultural London English corpus [MLE])

Usage notes

The usage of man as a pronoun originally died out in the 15th century. It has independently reappeared in Multicultural London English. There it is most commonly used as a first person pronoun or as an indefinite personal pronoun, but uses in the second and third person are also attested.^[1]

Etymology 2

From Middle English mannen, from Old English mannian, ġemannian (“to man, supply with men, populate, garrison”), from mann (“human being, man”).

cognates

Dutch bemannen (“to man”)
German bemannen (“to man”)
Danish bemande (“to man”)
Swedish bemanna (“to man”)
Icelandic manna (“to supply with men, man”).

Verb

man (third-person singular simple present mans, present participle manning, simple past and past participle manned)

(transitive) To supply (something) with staff or crew (of either sex).
The ship was manned with a small crew.
- 2023 March 8, David Clough, “The long road that led to Beeching”, in RAIL, number 978, page 39:
  In Britain, nearly 2,500 steam locomotives were built, 999 to new designs. Although the latter were modern, they were still labour-intensive to man and maintain, during a period of full employment when working for poor pay in the dirty railway environment was unattractive.
(transitive) To take up position in order to operate (something).
Man the machine guns!
- 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick:
  ‘Avast!’ roared Ahab, dashing him against the bulwarks — ‘Man the boat! Which way heading?’
(reflexive, possibly dated) To brace (oneself), to fortify or steel (oneself) in a manly way. (Compare man up.)
- 1876, Julian Hawthorne, Saxon Studies:
  he manned himself heroically
(transitive, obsolete) To wait on, attend to or escort.
(transitive, obsolete, chiefly falconry) To accustom (a raptor or other type of bird) to the presence of people.

Proper noun

man

(computing) A command used to display help pages in Unix and Unix-like operating systems.

Derived terms

man page, manpage

References

[1]
Jenny Cheshire (2013) “Grammaticalisation in social context: The emergence of a new English pronoun”, in Journal of Sociolinguistics‎, volume 17, number 5, pages 608–633
[2]
“man”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
[3]
“man”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
[4]
American Heritage Dictionary, 5th edition
[5]
Purdue OWL

Anagrams

MNA, N. Am., 'Nam, mna, AMN, Nam, NAM, 'nam, NMA

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Noun

man

moon

Etymology

From Dutch man, from Middle Dutch man, from Old Dutch man, from Proto-Germanic *mann-, from Proto-Indo-European *mon- (“human being, man”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /man/
Audio: (file)

Noun

man (plural mans or manne, diminutive mannetjie)

man
husband

Usage notes

The normal plural in contemporary Afrikaans is mans. The form manne now usually refers to the members of a male group, such as a group of friends or a team or unit. Compare:

Vroue en mans moet gelyke regte hê. ― Women and men must have equal rights.

Die manne het goed gespeel vandag. ― The men played well today.

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Alternative forms

Tosk: mën
Gheg: mand, mandë

Etymology

Syncopated form of Gheg mand, from Proto-Albanian *manta. Compare Ancient Greek βάτος (bátos, “bramble”), said by Beekes to be a Mediterranean wanderwort, and μαντία (mantía, “blackberry”) (Dacian loan).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /man/

Noun

man m (plural mana, definite mani, definite plural manat)

mulberry, mulberry tree

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	man	mani	mana	manat
accusative	man	manin	mana	manat
dative	mani	manit	manave	manave
ablative	mani	manit	manash	manave

Close

Declension of man

Hyponyms

man i bardhë (“white mulberry”) (Morus alba)
man i kuq (“red mulberry”) (Morus rubra)
man i zi (“black mulberry”) (Morus nigra)
man toke (“wild strawberry”) (Fragaria vesca)

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Etymology

Akin to Spanish mano, from Latin manus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈman/
Rhymes: -an
Syllabification: man

Noun

man f (plural mans)

hand

Pronoun

man

I, first person singular pronoun, as subject

References

B. Oshodi, The HTS (High Tone Syllable) in Arigidi: An Introduction, in the Nordic Journal of African Studies 20(4): 263–275 (2011)\
Boluwaji Oshodi (2011 December) A Reference Grammar of Arigidi, Montem Paperbacks, →ISBN

Noun

man

water

References

R. C. Stevenson, Bagirmi Grammar (1969)

Pronoun

man

(Litovska) accusative/independent oblique of mē
- 2011, Vida Beinortienė, Romų kalba [Roma Language]‎ (overall work in Lithuanian), Panevėžio Vaikų Dienos Užimtumo Centras [Panevėžys Children's Day Care Center], →ISBN, posakiai [expressions], page 64:
  Pačemudē man
  Kiss me
(Litovska) enclitic reflexive of mē
- 2005, Anton Tenser, Lithuanian Romani, Lincom Europa, →ISBN, →OCLC, 2.7.3 Reflexives and clitics, page 18:
  Me garavou man
  I hide myself

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

		singular				plural			reflexive
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
		1st person	2nd person	m	f	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Nominative		mē	tu	jou	joj	amē	tumē	jonē	-
Accusative/ Independent Oblique		man	tut	lēs	la	amēn	tumēn	lēn	pes
Dative		mange	tuke	lēske	lake	amēnge	tumēnge	lēnge	pēske
Ablative ^[1]		mandyr	tutyr	lēstyr	latyr	amēndyr	tumēndyr	lēndyr	pēstyr
Genitive	m	miro	tyro	lēskiro	lakiro	amaro	tumaro	lēngiro	pēskiro
	f	miri	tyri	lēskiri	lakiri	amari	tumari	lēngiri	pēskiri
	pl	mirē	tyrē	lēskirē	lakirē	amarē	tumarē	lēngirē	pēskirē
Locative		mandē	tutē	lēstē	latē	amēndē	tumēndē	lēndē	pēstē
Instrumental		mansa	tusa	lēsa	lasa	amēnca	tumēnca	lēnsa	pēsa
Enclitic Reflexive		man	pe			amēn	pe		-

Close

Litovska/Lithuanian Romani personal pronouns

[1]
The ablative is in decline in Lithuanian Romani

Noun

man

bird

References

Steve Gallagher, Peirce Baehr, Bariai Grammar Sketch (2005)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *man.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈman/ [ˈman̪]

Adverb

man (Basahan spelling ᜋᜈ᜔)

also
Synonym: pati

Particle

man (Basahan spelling ᜋᜈ᜔)

used to abate or soften the impacts of negatives and commands
Dai man iyan ― It's nothing.

Noun

man

bird

References

George W. Grace, Notes on the phonological history of the Austronesian languages of the Sarmi Coast, in Oceanic Linguistics (1971, 10:11-37)

Pronoun

man

Contraction of mangue (“I, me”).

References

“man” in J. Tineo Rebolledo, A Chipicalli (La Llengua Gitana), Granada: Gómez de la Cruz, 1900, →OCLC, page 60.
“man” in Francisco Quindalé, Diccionario gitano, Madrid: Oficina Tipográfica del Hospicio.
“man” in Vocabulario : Caló - Español, Portal del Flamenco y Universidad.

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *man. Compare Tagalog man.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈman/ [ˈman̪]

Particle

man (Badlit spelling ᜋᜈ᜔)

gives information; could be omitted
(Person 1): Hain man si Pedro?
(Person 2): Tua man 'to siya sa Carcar
(Person 1): Where is Pedro?
(Person 2): He is/was there in Carcar
contradicts a previous statement or presumption; usually with the particle ugod/gud
(Person 1): Hain man si Pedro?
(Person 2): Tua siya sa Carcar
(Person 3 responding to person 2): Tua man gud siya sa Cebu
(Person 1): Where is Pedro?
(Person 2): He is in Carcar
(Person 3): No, he's in Cebu
makes a question not abrupt
Hain man si Pedro?
Where is Pedro?
Could you tell me where Pedro is?

Alternative forms

MAN

Etymology

Borrowed from English man.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mān, mê̄n

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄢ, ㄇㄝㄋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): men¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mān
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: man
  - Wade–Giles: man¹
  - Yale: mān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mhan
  - Palladius: мань (manʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /män⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mê̄n
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄝㄋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mên
  - Wade–Giles: mehn¹
  - Yale: mēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mhèn
  - Palladius: мэнь (mɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: men¹
  - Cantonese Pinyin: men¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛːn⁵⁵/

Adjective

man

(informal) manly; masculine
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:man.

Etymology

Borrowed from English man.

Noun

man

man

Synonyms

siwash

Antonyms

klootchman

Adjective

man

male

Antonyms

klootchman

Noun

man

Alternative spelling of maan

Alternative forms

mann, månn

Etymology

From Middle High German man, from Old High German man, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.

Noun

man m (Tredici Comuni)

man
husband

References

Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Etymology

From Old Czech man, from Middle High German and Old High German man.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈman]
Hyphenation: man

Noun

man m anim (female equivalent manka)

(historical) vassal, feoffee
Synonyms: vazal, leník

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	man	manové
genitive	mana	manů
dative	manovi, manu	manům
accusative	mana	many
vocative	mane	manové
locative	manovi, manu	manech
instrumental	manem	many

Close

Declension of man (hard masculine animate)

Derived terms

manský
manství

Etymology 1

From Old Norse mǫn, from Proto-Germanic *manō (“mane”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /maːˀn/, [mæˀn]

Noun

man c (singular definite manen, plural indefinite maner)

(rare, used primarily by horse specialists) mane (longer hair growth on the back of the neck of a horse)
Synonym: manke

Declension

More information common gender, Singular ...

common gender	Singular		Plural
common gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	man	manen	maner	manerne
genitive	mans	manens	maners	manernes

Close

Declension of man

Etymology 2

The same word as the noun mand (“man”). Calque of German man.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /man/, [man]

Pronoun

man (accusative en or én, possessive ens or éns)

you, one, they, people (a general, unspecified person)
Kan man spise dem?
Can one eat them? (i.e., Are they edible?)

Man siger, at huset er hjemsøgt.
They say the house is haunted.
I (used modestly instead of the first-person pronoun)
you (used derogatorily instead of the second-person pronoun)

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /maːˀn/, [ˈmæˀn]

Verb

man

imperative of mane

Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:

man

Wikipedia ^nl

Etymology

From Middle Dutch man, from Old Dutch man, from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mɑn/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: man
Rhymes: -ɑn

Noun

man m (plural mannen or man or mans, diminutive mannetje n or manneke n or manneken n)

man, human male, either adult or age-irrespective
De man liep rustig door het park.
The man walked calmly through the park.

De jonge mannen speelden voetbal op het veld.
The young men were playing soccer on the field.

De oudere man glimlachte vriendelijk naar de kinderen.
The older man smiled kindly at the children.
husband, male spouse
Ze is al jaren gelukkig getrouwd met haar man.
She has been happily married to her husband for years.

Hij is een zorgzame man en een geweldige vader.
He is a caring husband and a great father.

Haar man verraste haar met een romantisch diner.
Her husband surprised her with a romantic dinner.

Usage notes

The normal plural is mannen. The unchanged form man is used after numerals only; it refers to the size of a group rather than a number of individuals. For example: In totaal verloren er 5000 man hun leven in die slag. (“5000 men altogether lost their lives in that battle.”) The plural mans is dated, now mostly occurring in nautical contexts or in dialect.
Compound words with -man as their last component often take -lieden or -lui in the plural, rather than -mannen. For example: brandweerman (“firefighter”) → brandweerlieden (alongside brandweerlui and brandweermannen).
Various alternative diminutives exist, including manneke (used especially in Flanders) and the dialectal mannechie / mennechie.

Derived terms

Related terms

men

Descendants

Afrikaans: man
Jersey Dutch: mān
Negerhollands: man
- → Virgin Islands Creole: mani (dated)
→ Caribbean Javanese: mang

Interjection

man

Indicates that something is larger/stronger/... than usual.
Man, is me dat schrikken.
Man, that was quite some scare.

Coordinate terms

tjonge

Anagrams

nam

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese mão, from Latin manus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈman/
Rhymes: -an
Syllabification: man

Noun

man f (plural mans or más)

hand

References

Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Verb

man

first/third-person singular present of munna
I, he, she, it will / may

Derived terms

tað man vera (so) - this may be (so)
tað man óivað vera beinari - this will doubtless be more correct

Pronoun

man

(colloquial) one, they (indefinite third-person singular pronoun)

Synonyms

(standard): mann

Franco-Provençal Wikipedia has an article on:

man

Wikipedia ^frp

Etymology

Inherited from Latin manus.

Noun

man f (plural mans) (ORB, broad)

hand

References

main in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
man in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

Etymology

Blend of mon +‎ ma.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mɑ̃/
Audio: (file)
Audio (Canada): (file)

Determiner

man n (singular, plural mes)

(gender-neutral, neologism) my
Man colocataire a fait son coming out non-binaire.
My roommate came out as non-binary.

Related terms

More information Possessee, singular ...

			Possessee
			singular		plural
			m	f	plural
Possessor	singular	1^st	mon¹	ma	mes
		2^nd	ton¹	ta	tes
		3^rd	son¹	sa	ses
	plural	1^st	notre		nos
		2^nd	votre²		vos²
		3^rd	leur		leurs

Close

French possessive determiners

¹ Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.

² Also used as the polite singular form.

For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologisms man, tan, san. These are extremely rare.

Etymology

From Latin manus.

Noun

man m (plural mans)

hand

Noun

man

foot

Alternative forms

mão (reintegrationist spelling, lusista)
mam (reintegrationist spelling)
mao (central and eastern Galicia)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese mão, from Latin manus. Cognate with Portuguese mão and Spanish mano.

Noun

man f (plural mans)

hand
(figurative) ownership; protection; power; grasp

Usage notes

Man is a false friend, and does not mean man. The Galician word for man is home.

Derived terms

References

Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “mão”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “mãao”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “man”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “man”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “man”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /man/
Audio (Austria): (file)
Rhymes: -an
Homophone: Mann

Etymology 1

From Middle High German man, from Old High German man, from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann- (“person”).

Pronoun

man

one, you, they (indefinite pronoun, referring to people at large; construed as a third-person singular)
Man kann nicht immer kriegen, was man will.
You can’t always get what you want.

Manchmal muss man Kompromisse machen.
Sometimes one must compromise.

Zumindest sagt man das so...
At least that’s what they say...
- 2008, Frank Behmeta, Wenn ich die Augen öffne, page 55:
  Kann man es fühlen, wenn man schwanger ist?
  Can one feel that one is pregnant?

Usage notes

Man is used in the nominative case only; for the oblique cases forms of the pronoun einer are used. For example: Man kann nicht immer tun, was einen glücklich macht. — One cannot always do what makes one happy.
Since man derives from the same source as Mann (“man; male”), its use is considered problematic by some feminists. They have proposed alternating man and the feminine neologism frau, or using the generic neologism mensch. This usage has gained some currency in feminist and left-wing publications, but remains rare otherwise.
In the sense of “someone,” man is often translated using the passive voice (“I was told that...” rather than “someone told me that...”).

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German man. A contraction of Old Saxon newan (“none other than”). Compare a similar contraction in Dutch maar (“only”).

Adverb

man

(colloquial, regional, Northern Germany) just; only
Komm man hier rüber!
Just come over here!

Das sind man dreißig Stück oder so.
These are only thirty or so.

Etymology

From Middle Low German man. A contraction of Old Saxon newan (“none other than”). Compare a similar contraction in Dutch maar (“only”).

Conjunction

man

(in many dialects, including Low Prussian) only; but

Synonyms

(in various dialects) avers, awer (and many variations thereof; for which, see those entries)
(in some dialects) bloots

Romanization

man

Romanization of 𐌼𐌰𐌽

This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /man/, [maːn]
Rhymes: -aːn

Etymology 1

From Old Norse man, perhaps from Proto-Germanic *gamaną (with unstressed prefix *ga-).

Noun

man n (genitive singular mans, nominative plural mön)

(obsolete, uncountable, collective) slaves
(archaic, countable) female slave
Synonym: ambátt
(archaic or poetic, countable) maiden

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	man	manið	mön	mönin
accusative	man	manið	mön	mönin
dative	mani	maninu	mönum	mönunum
genitive	mans	mansins	mana	mananna

Close

Declension of man (neuter)

Derived terms

mansal
mansmaður

Etymology 2

From mana (“to dare [someone] [to do something]”).

Noun

man n (genitive singular mans, no plural)

the act of daring someone to do something; provocation, dare

Declension

More information singular, indefinite ...

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	man	manið
accusative	man	manið
dative	mani	maninu
genitive	mans	mansins

Close

Declension of man (sg-only neuter)

Etymology 3

Appears in Guðbrandur Þorláksson’s 1584 Bible translation. Borrowed from German Man (in Luther’s 1534 German Bible), from Hebrew מן (mān, “manna”).

Noun

man n (indeclinable)

(biblical, obsolete) manna
Synonym: manna
- 1584, “Exodus. Aunnur Bok Moſe”, in Guðbrandur Þorláksson, transl., Biblia, Þad Er Øll Heiloͤg Ritning vtloͤgd a Norrænu‎, Hólar: Jón Jónsson, chapter 16, verse 33, page 76:
  Og Moſes ſegde til Aaron / Tak þier eina Føtu / og legg eirn Gomor fullan af Man þar i / og lꜳt þad vardueitaſt fyrer DROTTNI til ydar ep[t]erkomande Kynkuijſla
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Etymology 4

Verb

man

first-person singular present indicative of muna; I remember
Ég man ekki.
I don't remember.
third-person singular present indicative of muna; he/she/it remembers
Hann man hvað gerðist.
He remembers what happened.

References

Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989) “man”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)

Etymology

From Latin manus.

Noun

man m

hand

Etymology

Derived from English man.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /man/

Noun

man (plural man dem, quantified man)

man (adult male human)
- 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, 1 Korintiyan 11:11:
  Dat no miin se man kyan du widout uman ar uman widout man, kaaz Gad neva mek dem fi du widout dem wan aneda.
  So then, I have to insist that in the Lord, neither is woman inferior to man nor is man inferior to woman.

Adjective

man

male
man daag, uman daag
male dog, female dog

Coordinate terms

uman

Romanization

man

Rōmaji transcription of まん
Rōmaji transcription of マン

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *man.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈman/ [ˈmän]

Adverb

man

although; even if; even though
Synonyms: mo, agyang pa
also; too
Synonyms: din, pati
only; even
Synonyms: mu, mo
if; when
Synonyms: nung, patie, istung, anyang

Mipakananuman. ― No matter what happens.

Yakuman. ― Me as well.

Apagpilian taman. ― If only I have a choice.

Derived terms

nanuman
ninuman
sanuman
kaninuman
kapilanman
paman
nokarinman

Etymology

From Latin manus.

Noun

man f (plural mans)

(Gherdëina, Badiot, Fascian) hand
Auzé la man ciancia.
To lift the left hand.

L ie na lëtra scrita a man.
It's a letter written by hand.

Dé na man
To give a hand (to help)

Pronoun

man

to me; dative singular of es

Etymology

From Latin manus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [maŋ]

Noun

man f (plural moæn)

hand

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [man]

Pronoun

mán

first-person singular dative of aš
Dúok mán tą̃ knỹgą.
Give me that book.

Alternative forms

ma, mà (Eastern orthographies)

Etymology

From Latin manus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /maːn/, [maːŋ] (Western)
IPA^(key): /maː/, [ma(ː)] (Eastern)

Noun

man f (plural man)

hand

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /maːn/

Verb

man (third-person singular present meet, past participle gemat or gemeet, auxiliary verb hunn)

(regional, southern dialects) Alternative form of maachen

Romanization

man

Nonstandard spelling of mān.
Nonstandard spelling of mán.
Nonstandard spelling of mǎn.
Nonstandard spelling of màn.

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Etymology

From Old Dutch man, from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.

Noun

man m

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

- general:

manachtich
manatich
manbaer
manboete
manbrief
manbrugge
mancamer
mancosten
mandeel
mandelijc
mandelike
mandiet
maneet
manesse
mangedinge
mangelt
manheit
manhovet
manhuus
manleen
manlijc
manlike
mannenclooster
manordeel
manpat
manpersone
mansc
manscap
manscracht
mansgeboorte
mansgelient
manshalven
manslacht
manslijf
mansoene
mansoor
mansstat
mansstoel
manssurcoot
manswerde
mantale
mantrouwe
manvolc
manwaerheit

- persons:

ackerman
ambachtsman
amman
amtman
arman
beierman
beleitsman
belleman
besetman
blindeman
boomgaertman
borchman
bouman
bovenman
buurman
clockenman
cloosterman
cokenman
condsman
coolman
coopman
cornman
dadingesman
deelman
dienstman
dorpman
druutsman
edelman
eigenman
gelagesman
geleitsman
gemeentman
goetman
grietman
hancman
hantwercman
hartman
heidman
hofman
houtman
hovetman
humpelman
huurman
huusman
huwelijxman
iserman
joncman
keersman
kercman
kerstijnman
lantman
lasersman
ledichman
leecman
leenman
leitsman
lijcman
lochtincman
loosman
lootsman
maecsman
maelman
manbode
manboort
mansman
mansname
manwijf
mateman
medeman
meesterman
merseman
metselman
meyerman
molenman
moorman
muurman
naerman
naman
norman
offerman
operman
orlogesman
ouderman
outman
overman
pachtman
panneman
parreman
partiësman
pensman
ploechman
raetman
ridderman
rijcman
sacman
schaecman
schimman
schipman
schotman
schuteman
seeman
segsman
sledeman
soutman
speelman
stalman
statman
sterfman
stuerman
susterman
swertman
taelman
talicman
teelman
tijnsman
timmerman
tolman
torfman
tugesman
turcman
uteman
vaerman
vedelman
veenman
veerman
veilichsman
velleman
veltman
vindman
voerman
voetman
vogelman
vogetman
voreman
vrachtman
vrecman
vremtman
vroetman
waerman
waernsman
waerstman
wagenman
wantcoopman
warmoesman
wechman
wederman
wedman
weduwenman
weetman
wercman
wertman
wijngaertman
wijnman
wijsman
wildeman
wouterman

Descendants

Dutch: man
Limburgish: man
Zealandic: man

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English mann, from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann-, from Proto-Indo-European *mon-.

Alternative forms

manne, mæn, mon, monne

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /man/, (mostly Western) /mɔn/

Noun

man (plural men)

man (male human)
Synonyms: gome, wer
human, person
Synonym: persoun
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, James 1:12, page 109v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
  bleſſid is þe man þat ſuffriþ temptacioun / foꝛ whanne he ſchal be pꝛeued .· he ſchal reſſeyue þe coꝛoun of lijf · which god bihiȝte to men þat louen hym
  A person who endures temptation is blessed, because when they've been tested, they'll receive the crown of life that God promised to the people who love him.

Related terms

Descendants

English: man, -man (see there for further descendants)
Scots: man
Yola: man

Etymology 2

From Old English man, reduced form of mann; see Etymology 1 above.

Alternative forms

ma, mane, manne, mæn, men, mon, monne

Pronoun

man

Typically singular, indefinite pronoun: one, you (indefinite).

Derived terms

References

“man, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 12 June 2018.
“men, pron.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 12 June 2018.

Etymology 3

Verb

man

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of mone (“shall”)

Etymology

Inherited from Old High German man.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈman/

Noun

man m (genitive mannes or man, plural manne or man)

man

Usage notes

This word is either declined like tac or remains uninflected throughout.

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular			plural
	indef.	def.	noun	def.	noun
nominative	ein	dër	man	die	manne, man
genitive	eines	dës	mannes, man	dër	manne, man
dative	eime	dëm	manne, man	dën	mannen, man
accusative	einen	dën	man	die	manne, man

Close

Declension of man (masculine, class 1 strong)

Descendants

Alemannic German: ma, mà, Maa, Mann, Mànn, mo, ma'
Swabian: Ma, Mâ, Mô, Mâo, Mâu
Bavarian: mon, mònn, moon, ma'
Cimbrian: man, mann, månn

Mòcheno: mònn
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Mann
East Central German:
Silesian East Central German: Moan
German: Mann, man
Luxembourgish: Mann
Transylvanian Saxon: Mouen, Mäun
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Mann
Yiddish: מאַן (man)

References

Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “man”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /man/

Pronoun

man

(in the singular) you

Alternative forms

main (Jersey)
môin (Guernsey)

Etymology 1

From Old French main, mein, man, from Latin manus (“hand”).

Noun

man f (plural mans)

(France, anatomy) hand

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

man (feminine ma)

my (belonging to me)

Coordinate terms

tan (“your”)
san (“hers, his, its”)

Etymology

From Old Frisian mīn, from Proto-West Germanic *mīn.

Determiner

man (feminine and neuter min, plural min) (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring)

my (first-person singular possessive determiner)

Pronoun

man (feminine and neuter min, plural (Föhr-Amrum) minen or (Mooring) min) (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring)

mine (first-person singular possessive pronoun)

Etymology

From earlier *mandin, which is preserved in the present stem mîn-; akin to Persian . The form shift from -and- to -a- is after when -and- standardized as the past stem final of transitive verbs.

Verb

man

to stay
to remain
to live, to not perish

Pronoun

man

accusative/genitive singular of mii

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mɑn/
Homophone: mann
Rhymes: -ɑn

Pronoun

man

Etymology 2

From Old Norse mǫn, from Proto-Germanic *manō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mɑːn/
Rhymes: -ɑːn

Noun

man f or m (definite singular mana or manen, indefinite plural maner, definite plural manene)

a mane (of a horse)

References

“man” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“man” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Etymology

From Old Norse mǫn, from Proto-Germanic *manō.

Noun

man f (definite singular mana, indefinite plural maner, definite plural manene)

mane (of a horse)

References

“man” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Etymology

From Old Occitan man, from Latin manus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ma]
Audio: (file)

Noun

man f (plural mans)

hand

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.

Noun

man m

human, person
man, male

Inflection

More information case, singular ...

case	singular	plural
nominative	man	man
accusative	man	man
genitive	mannes	manno
dative	manne	mannon

Close

Declension of man (consonant stem)

Derived terms

ambahtman
hōvitman
kōpman
kuriman
mālman
*manahēt
manawerk
manlīk
mertsiman
northman
seliman
skaraman
spilman
thienestman
werkman

Descendants

Middle Dutch: man
- Dutch: man
- Limburgish: man
- Zealandic: man

Alternative forms

mann

Etymology 1

From mann.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mɔn/

Pronoun

man

one, you (indefinite pronoun; construed as a third-person singular)
- c. 992, Ælfric, "The First Sunday in September, When Job Is Read"
  Man sċeal lǣwedum mannum seċġan be heora andġietes mǣðe, swā þæt hīe ne bēon þurh þā dēopnesse ǣmōde ne þurh þā langsumnesse ǣþrȳtte.
  One has to talk to laymen according to how much they understand, so they are not intimidated by the depth of what one is saying or bored by the length.
- c. 992, Ælfric, "Dedication of the Church of St. Michael"
  Sē hrōf ēac swelċe hæfde mislīċe hēanesse: on sumre stōwe hine man meahte mid hēafde ġerǣċan, on sumre mid handa earfoþlīċe.
  The height of the roof was also uneven: you could touch one part of it with the top of your head, and barely reach another part with your hand.
- c. 897, Alfred the Great, translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
  Hēr man mæġ ġīet ġesēon heora swaðu, ac wē him ne cunnon æfter spyrian.
  Here you can still see their footprints, but we don't know how to follow them.
they, people (people in general)
someone, somebody (some unspecified person)
- c. 1005, Wulfstan, Laws of Edward and Guthrum‎:
  Ġif dēaþsċyldiġ man sċriftsprǣċe ġierne, ne him man nǣfre ne wierne.
  If someone condemned to death desires confession, it should never be refused to them.
they (some unspecified group of people)
- The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
  Saga mē, hū lange worhte man Noes earce?
  Tell me, how long were they making Noe's ark?
often used where modern English would use the passive voice
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
  Hine man sċeal lǣdan tō þām lǣċe.
  He should be taken to the doctor.
- Early 11th century, Wulfstan, "On the Beginning of Creation"
  Þā sē Hǣlend ċild wæs, eall hine man fēdde swā man ōðru ċildru fētt. Hē læġ on cradole bewunden, ealswā ōðru ċildru dōþ. Hine man bær oþ hē self gān meahte.
  When Jesus was a baby, he was fed just like other babies are fed. He lay wrapped up in a cradle, just like other babies do. He was carried until he could walk by himself.
it
- c. 900, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
  Man ġeseah swelċe sē heofon burne.
  It looked like the sky was on fire.
- late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
  Man ġeseah swelċe ān fȳren hring norðan cōme.
  It looked like a ring of fire was coming from the north.
- c. 1005, Wulfstan, Laws of Edward and Guthrum‎:
  Ġif dēaþsċyldiġ man sċriftsprǣċe ġierne, ne him man nǣfre ne wierne.
  If someone condemned to death desires confession, it should never be refused to them.

Descendants

Middle English: man, me

Etymology 2

See mann.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mɔnn/, [mɔn]

Noun

man m

Alternative form of mann

Declension

Strong consonant stem:

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	man	men
accusative	man	men
genitive	manes	mana
dative	men	manum

Close

Etymology 3

From Proto-Germanic *mainą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mɔːn/

Noun

mān n

crime, sin, wickedness

Derived terms

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.

Noun

man m

man

Declension

More information case, singular ...

case	singular	plural
nominative	man	manna
accusative	man	manna
genitive	mannes	manno
dative	manne	mannum
instrumental	mannu	—

Close

Declension of man (masculine a-stem)

Related terms

Descendants

Middle High German: man
- Alemannic German: ma, mà, Maa, Mann, Mànn, mo, ma'
  Swabian: Ma, Mâ, Mô, Mâo, Mâu
- Bavarian: mon, mònn, moon, ma'
  Cimbrian: man, mann, månn
  
  Mòcheno: mònn
- Central Franconian:
  Hunsrik: Mann
- East Central German:
  Silesian East Central German: Moan
- German: Mann, man
- Luxembourgish: Mann
- Transylvanian Saxon: Mouen, Mäun
- Rhine Franconian:
  Pennsylvania German: Mann
- Yiddish: מאַן (man)

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Germanic *gamaną (“fellow human”)

Noun

man n (genitive mans, plural mǫn)

household, house-folk, bondslaves
bondwoman, female slave
woman, maid
- 900-1100, The Alvíssmál, verse 7:
  Sáttir þínar er ek vil snemma hafa
  ok þat gjaforð geta;
  eiga vilja heldr en án vera
  þat it mjallhvíta man.
  Quickly will I have your agreement
  and win the word of marriage;
  I would rather own than be without
  that pale maid.

Declension

More information neuter, singular ...

neuter	singular		plural
neuter	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	man	manit	mǫn	mǫnin
accusative	man	manit	mǫn	mǫnin
dative	mani	maninu	mǫnum	mǫnunum
genitive	mans	mansins	mana	mananna

Close

Declension of man (strong a-stem)

Derived terms

mankynni n pl
mansal n
mansmaðr m

Descendants

Icelandic: man

Etymology

From Latin manus.

Noun

man f (oblique plural mans, nominative singular man, nominative plural mans)

hand (anatomy)

Descendants

Occitan: man

References

Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “manus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 6/1: Mabile–Mephitis, page 285

Noun

man m

Alternative form of mann

Etymology

From Latin māne (“morning”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈman/

Noun

man f (plural manes)

morning
- c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 18r:
  Fue el dia t̃cero al alba dela man. ⁊ vinẏerõ truenos ⁊ relãpagos ⁊ nuf grãt ſobrel mõt.
  It was the early morning of the third day, and there came thunder and flashes of lightning and a great cloud upon the mountain.

Synonyms

mannana f

Etymology

From Spanish mano.

Noun

man

hand

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German man. Compare Saterland Frisian man

Conjunction

man

but

References

^{The template Template:R:pox:SejDp does not use the parameter(s): 3=3
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Polański, Kazimierz (1973) “man”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 3 (ľǫ̇dü – perĕ), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 356
Polański, Kazimierz, James Allen Sehnert (1967) “man”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 92
Olesch, Reinhold (1962) “Mann”, in Thesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes 1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, →ISBN, page 552

Pronoun

man

accusative of me

Adverb

man

also

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /man/
Hyphenation: man
Rhymes: -an

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Low German man. Related to German Low German man and Swedish men.

Conjunction

man

but

Adverb

man

but, just

Etymology 2

From an unstressed variant of Old Frisian mon (“man”). Compare Dutch men and German man.

Pronoun

man

one, they
- 2000, Marron C. Fort, transl., Dät Näie Tästamänt un do Psoolme in ju aasterlauwerfräiske Uurtoal fon dät Seelterlound, Fräislound, Butjoarlound, Aastfräislound un do Groninger Umelounde [The New Testament and the Psalms in the East Frisian language, native to Saterland, Friesland, Butjadingen, East Frisia and the Ommelanden of Groningen], →ISBN, Dät Evangelium ätter Matthäus 1:23:
  Sjooët, n Maiden skäl n Bäiden undfange, n Súun skäl ju uurwinne, un man skäl him dän Nome Immanuel reke, dät hat uursät: God is mäd uus.
  Behold, a virgin shall become pregnant with a child, she will give birth to a son, and they shall give him the name Immanuel, which is translated: God is with us.

Related terms

Mon (“man, husband”)

References

Marron C. Fort (2015) “man”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Preposition

man (+ nominative with the definite article, + dative otherwise, no mutation)

Lewis form of mar

Etymology

Borrowed from English man.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈman/ [ˈmãn]
Rhymes: -an
Syllabification: man

Noun

man m (plural mans or manes)

(Latin America, colloquial) man, guy, dude
Synonyms: tipo, tío; see also Thesaurus:tío
- 2017, “Bella”, performed by Wolfine:
  Me dijeron que andabas un poco triste / Que te pusiste a beber y con un man por ahí te fuiste
  I heard you were feeling down / That you'd been drinking and took off with some guy

Etymology

From English man.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /man/, /maŋ/

Noun

man

man, male human
A man no ben man taki. ― The man could not speak.

Derived terms

Verb

man

to be able to
A man no ben man taki. ― The man could not speak.
- 1984, “Nioni”, in Telefôn' mi koe mi koenoe, performed by The Exmo Stars and Boogie:
  Te yu no man fu tyari akata / yu no mu trobi matuku
  If you aren't able to carry a head pad / you shouldn't bother with a basket

Synonyms

kan

Romanization

man

Romanization of 𒎙

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:

man

Wikipedia ^sv

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish maþer, mander, from Old Norse maðr, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /man/
Audio: (file)

Noun

man m

man (adult male human)
En man går på gatan.
A man walks on the street.

män och kvinnor
men and women

Ungefär hundra män deltog i loppet.
Around one hundred men took part in the race.

I äldre tider sa man att björnen ägde sju mans styrka men en mans vett.
In older times, they said the bear has the strength of seven men but the sense of one man.
husband
Vi går till caféet med våra män.
We go to the café with our husbands.
a member of a crew, workforce or (military) troop
Vi var sjuttio man som slet i gruvan.
We were seventy men who toiled in the mine.
(slang, in the definite "mannen") man (usually friendly term of address)
Jalla, mannen!
Hurry up, man!

Usage notes

(adult male human): The unchanged plural man is sometimes used after numerals. It means "men" as a measure for size or strength of a group rather than individuals:

Med tre man kan vi lyfta byrån ― With three people we can lift the cupboard

Military or police personnel, team members, demonstrators and the like are often counted using this unchanged plural. The same goes with German and Dutch where Mann and man can have an unchanged plural form in this particular case.

(husband): Not used in other contexts, where it could be confused with a man in general.

Declension

More information nominative, genitive ...

Declension of *man* 1, 2, 3
		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	man	mans
singular	definite	mannen	mannens
plural	indefinite	män	mäns
plural	definite	männen	männens

Close

More information nominative, genitive ...

Declension of *man* 3
		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	man	mans
singular	definite	mannen	mannens
plural	indefinite	mannar, man	mannars, mans
plural	definite	mannarna	mannarnas

Close

Derived terms

Pronoun

man c

(indefinite) people in general (in some implied group, often all people); one, you, they, people, etc.
- 1984, Adolphson & Falk (lyrics and music), “I fördatorisk tid [In pre-computer times [Literally, "In pre-computerish/computeric time" – sounds ad hoc in Swedish as well. Could also be translated as "In a pre-computer age/time" or the like.]]”, in Över tid och rum [Across time and space]‎:
  För länge, länge sen såg inte världen ut som nu. Man levde inte alls på samma sätt som jag och du. Man hade ständiga problem med sin kommunikation. För att göra sig hörd var man tvungen att ta ton. Man siktade mot mål, men man träffade bredvid, för inget var exakt i en fördatorisk tid. Man sände sina dokument med män i uniform, som färdades på snö och is i hällregn och storm. Man köpte sina tjänster med papper och metall – ett besynnerligt system som fick imperier på fall. Man sa att grunden var solid, men staten kom på glid, för system var instabila i en fördatorisk tid. Tiderna förändras. Andra ska ta vid. Sanningar föråldras. De formas av sin egen tid. Man byggde stora städer där man trängdes med varann – där man omgav sig med dån och larm och stod i rök och damm. Man sökte efter ledare med styrka och förstånd, som skulle föra folket bort från krig och undergång. En roll alltför komplex för en enda individ, så inget blev beständigt i en fördatorisk tid. Tiderna förändras. Andra ska ta vid. Sanningar föråldras. Man formas av sin egen tid. Man måste stiga upp varje vardag klockan fem, för att stå vid en maskin tills det blev kväll och man gick hem. Man levde under hot, på gränsen till panik, så man sökte efter sanningen i stjärnornas mystik. Man talade om fred, men man låg i ständig strid, för man förlitade sig på människan i fördatorisk tid.
  A long, long time ago, the world was different from today [did not look like now]. People [one] did not at all live in the same way as me and you [literally translated]. You [one] had constant problems with your [one's] communication. To make yourself [oneself] heard, you [one] had to speak up [take tone]. You [one] aimed for goals [or targets], but you [one] hit next to them [hit next-to/beside (the goal/target, missing it)], because nothing was exact in a pre-computer time. You [one] sent your [one's] documents with men in uniform, who traveled on snow and ice in pouring rain and storm. You [one] bought your [one's] services with paper and metal – a peculiar [strange] system that brought empires down ["got empires on fall"]. People [one] said that the foundation was solid, but the state started slipping [went [came] on the slide [on slide]], because systems were unstable in a pre-computer time. [The] times change. Others will follow/ensue [shall pick up]. Truths become outdated ["are en-aged"]. They are shaped by their own time. People [one] built large cities where they [one] crowded together [thronged with one another] – where they [one] surrounded themselves [oneself] with roar and racket and stood in smoke and dust. They [one] sought leaders with strength and reason, that would lead [or bring] the people away from war and ruin [or "doom," or "destruction" in the sense of ruin/doom]. A role much too complex for a single individual, so nothing endured [became enduring] in a pre-computer time. [The] times change. Others will follow/ensue [shall pick up]. Truths become outdated ["are en-aged"]. You [one] are shaped by your [one's] own time. You [one] had to get up every weekday at five, to stand at a machine until the evening and then go home [until it became evening and you [one] went home]. You [one] lived under threat, on the verge of panic, so you [one] searched for the truth in the mystery of the stars [in the stars' mystique]. People [one] spoke of peace, but they [one] were [lay] in constant conflict [battle], because you [one] relied on [and put your trust in] man/humans ["the human" – the human species or humans collectively] in pre-computer times.
(indefinite, often humorous) I (referring to oneself obliquely)
Synonym: jag

Man har väl varit med förr!
This isn't my first rodeo! [One has väl been with [involved] before!]

Usage notes

Intuited as a singular pronoun referring to people individually in a generalized sense, like English one.
Man does not sound formal the way English one might when used instead of you. Man is usually the only option when either you or one might be used in English, as Swedish du (“you”) and ni (“you (plural)”) sound more like "you specifically." See the quotations for (sense 1) above for examples of how man can be translated while preserving tone.
See the usage notes for bli and skall for two other examples of words that have a direct translation that is often unidiomatic or a poor match for tone.

Declension

See Template:sv-decl-ppron for more pronouns.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish man, from Old Norse mǫn, from Proto-Germanic *manō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɑːn/

Noun

man c

mane (of a horse or lion)

Declension

More information nominative, genitive ...

Declension of *man*
		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	man	mans
singular	definite	manen	manens
plural	indefinite	manar	manars
plural	definite	manarna	manarnas

Close

References

Anagrams

nam

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *man (“particle expressing solidarity, concession, qualification, or emphasis”).

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈman/ [ˈman̪]
Rhymes: -an
Syllabification: man

Adverb

man (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜈ᜔)

even (implying extreme example)
Hindi man lang siya tumawag.
She did not even at least call.
although; even if; even though
Synonyms: kahit, maski, bagaman
even; also; too
Synonyms: din, pati

Ang bagong panganak man ay may karapatan.
Even the newborn has rights.

Usage notes

The word cannot be at the start of a sentence.

Derived terms

Noun

man

bird

References

George W. Grace, Notes on the phonological history of the Austronesian languages of the Sarmi Coast, in Oceanic Linguistics (1971, 10:11-37)

Etymology

From English man.

Noun

man

man (adult male human)
- 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:5:
  ...i no gat diwai na gras samting i kamap long graun yet, long wanem, em i no salim ren i kam daun yet. Na i no gat man bilong wokim gaden.
  →New International Version translation

Adjective

man

male

Antonyms

meri

Derived terms

Etymology

From English man.

Noun

man

Etymology

From Latin manus.

Noun

man f (invariable)

hand

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [maːn˧˧]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [maːŋ˧˧]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [maːŋ˧˧]
Homophone: mang

Etymology 1

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 萬 (“ten thousand”, SV: vạn). Doublet of muôn and vạn.

Numeral

man

(obsolete, as a free morpheme) ten thousand; myriad
một man ― ten thousand

Derived terms

cơ man (“multitude; myriad”)

Etymology 2

Romanization

man

Sino-Vietnamese reading of 瞞

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Compare Mán, which is might be a cognate.

Romanization

man

Sino-Vietnamese reading of 蠻

Derived terms

Anagrams

nam

Etymology

Borrowed from the descendants of Proto-West Germanic *mann.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [man]

Noun

man (nominative plural mans)

man (adult male human)
- 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 16:
  Man, älogöl atosi, äfugom.
  On seeing this, the man fled.
- 1952, Arie de Jong, Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: I:
  ‚Ioseph’: himatan ofa, bi äbinom man ritik, e no ävilom jonetükön ofi len jemodastafäd, ädesinom ad lüvön kläno ofi.
  Her husband Joseph, being an upright man and wanting to spare her disgrace, decided to divorce her informally.

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	man	mans
genitive	mana	manas
dative	mane	manes
accusative	mani	manis
vocative ¹	o man!	o mans!
predicative ²	manu	manus

Close

declension of man

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Coordinate terms

vom

Derived terms

Terms derived from man

dolafulaman
lüodaman
manadigöf
manafied
manageilot
manageilotik
manajit
manaklot
manaklotem
manalien (tribütabima)
manalunot
manamod
manamodo
mananam
mananäm
manapenät
manapörträt
mandragoramanil
manef
manik
manil
manisasen
man maleditilik
manüp
man vönädaleguda
miligaman
pödaman
pösod manik
visoman
vöd manik

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /man/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -an

Etymology 1

From Middle Welsh mann, from Proto-Celtic *mendu (“mark, location”), from Proto-Indo-European *men-dʰh₁u-. Cognate with Old Irish mind (“crown”), and also related to Old Irish mennar (“blemish, stain”); outside of Celtic, cognate with Latin mendum (“fault, blemish”), Hittite [script needed] (mant-, “something harming”).

Noun

man f or m (plural mannau or mannoedd)

place; location
Synonyms: lle, lleoliad, safle

Derived terms

canolfan
clofan
croesfan
cylchfan
cyrchfan
gwefan
lladdfan
pobman
trigfan
trofan
unfan
unman
y fan a'r fan (“such and such a place”)
y fan yma, fama (“here”)
y fan yna, fanna (“there”)

Etymology 2

Possibly from Latin menda (“defect, blemish, mistake”), from Proto-Indo-European *mend- (“physical defect, fault”); if so, then from the same origin as Etymology 1. See Old Irish mennar (“blemish, stain”).

Noun

man m (plural mannau or mannoedd, diminutive mannyn or mennyn)

Etymology 3

Learned borrowing from Hebrew מן (mān, “manna”).

Noun

man m

(uncommon) manna
Synonym: manna

Mutation

More information radical, soft ...

Mutated forms of *man*
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
man	fan	unchanged	unchanged

Close

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “man”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 264

Etymology

From Old Frisian man, from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mɔn/

Noun

man c (plural manlju or mannen, diminutive mantsje)

man
Coordinate term: frou
husband
Coordinate term: frou

Noun

man

neck

Derived terms

man awal
man ngaat
man poonchal

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Pronoun

man

I (first-person singular subject pronoun)

Etymology

From Middle English man, from Old English mann, from Proto-West Germanic *mann.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /man/

Noun

man (genitive mannes)

man
husband
Coordinate term: mawen
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 13, page 90:
  He at nouth fade t'zey, llean vetch ee man,
  He that knows what to say, mischief fetch the man,
- 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 96:
  Zoo wough kisth, an wough parthet; earch man took his laave;
  So we kissed and we parted, each man took his leave;
- 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:
  Zimaan Haay is a wicked man,
  Simon Hay is a wicked man,

Derived terms

References

Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 55

Etymology

From Middle Dutch man, from Old Dutch man, from Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.

Noun

man m (plural mannen)

man
husband

[Cheshire-1] [1]
Jenny Cheshire (2013) “Grammaticalisation in social context: The emergence of a new English pronoun”, in Journal of Sociolinguistics‎, volume 17, number 5, pages 608–633

[Oxforddict-2] [2]
“man”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

[Dict-3] [3]
“man”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

[4] [4]
American Heritage Dictionary, 5th edition

[5] [5]
Purdue OWL

[ablative-6] [1]
The ablative is in decline in Lithuanian Romani

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[1]

		Singular	Plural
First	inclusive		yawan
First	exclusive	yang	yang nani
Second		man	man nani
Third		witin	witin nani

		personal				possessive
		subject case		object case		masculine referent	feminine / neuter referent	plural referent
		full	reduced	full	reduced	masculine referent	feminine / neuter referent	attributive	independent
singular	1st	ik	'k	mi		man	min		minen
	2nd	dü	–	di		dan	din		dinen
	3rd m.	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin		sinen
	3rd f. / n.	hat	at, 't	ham	at, 't	san	sin		sinen
plural	1st	wi	'f	üs		üüs			üüsen
	1st	wi	'f	üs		üsens
	2nd	jam	'm	jam		jau			jauen
	2nd	jam	'm	jam		jamens
	3rd	jo	's	jo	's	hör			hören
	3rd	jo	's	jo	's	hörens
notes		The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. Dual forms wat / onk and jat / jonk are obsolete, as is feminine jü / hör. Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents. The forms üsens, jamens, hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.

		personal				possessive
		subject case		object case		masculine referent	feminine / neuter / plural referent
		full	reduced	full	reduced	masculine referent	feminine / neuter / plural referent
singular	1st	ik	'k	me		man	min
	2nd	dü	–	de		dan	din
	3rd m.	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin
	3rd f.	jü	's	har	's	harn	har
	3rd n.	hat	et, 't	ham	et, 't	san	sin
plural	1st	we		üs		üüsen	üüs
	2nd	jam	'm	jam		jarnge
	3rd	ja	's	ja, jam	's	jare
notes		The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. Dual forms wat / unk and jat / junk are obsolete. Attributive and independent possessives are not distinguished in Mooring.

		personal				possessive
		subject case		object case		singular referent	plural referent
		full	reduced	full	reduced	singular referent	attributive	independent
singular	1st	ik	'k	mi		min		minen
	2nd	dü	–	di		din		dinen
	3rd m.	hi	'r	höm	'n	sin		sinen
	3rd f.	jü	's	höör	's	höör		höören
	3rd n.	hat	et, 't	höm	et, 't	sin		sinen
dual	1st	wat		unk				unken
	2nd	at		junk				junken
	3rd	jat		jam	's	jaar		jaaren
plural	1st	wü		üüs				üüsen
	2nd	i		juu				juuen
	3rd	ja	's	jam	's	jaar		jaaren
notes		The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects. Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.

	singular subject	plural subject	singular object	plural object
1st person	man	nun	ma	nu
2nd person	yow	yeen	la	leen
3rd person	moom	ñoom	ko	leen

Symbol

See also

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Noun

Usage notes

Synonyms

Coordinate terms

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Translations

See also

Adjective

Interjection

Translations

Pronoun

Usage notes

Etymology 2

Verb

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 3

Proper noun

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Anagrams

Noun

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Hyponyms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Pronoun

References

Noun

References

Pronoun

Declension

Noun

References

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adverb

Particle

Noun

References

Pronoun

References

Etymology

Pronunciation

Particle

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adjective

See also

Etymology

Noun

Synonyms

Antonyms

Adjective

Antonyms

Noun

Alternative forms

Etymology

Noun

References

Etymology

Pronunciation