sie
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "sie"
Etymology 1
From Middle English sien, from Old English sīgan (“to sink, descend”), from Proto-Germanic *sīganą, *sīhwaną (“to strain, drop”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyk- (“to pour, strain”). Cognate with Dutch zijgen (“to filter”), German seihen (“to strain, sieve”), Icelandic síga (“to lower”).
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /saɪ/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - Rhymes: -aɪ
Verb
sie (third-person singular simple present sies, present participle sying, simple past and past participle sied)
- (intransitive) To sink; fall; drop.
- (intransitive) To fall, as in a swoon; faint.
- (intransitive, dialectal) To drop, as water; trickle.
- (transitive) To sift.
- (transitive, dialectal) To strain, as milk; filter.
Noun
sie (plural sies)
- A drop.
Related terms
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Pronoun
sie (third person singular, gender-neutral, nominative case, accusative sir, possessive adjective hir, possessive noun hirs, reflexive hirself)
- (rare, nonstandard) Gender-neutral subject pronoun, grammatically equivalent to the gendered pronouns he and she
- 1993 September 24, Alex Martelli, “punishment vs ethics (was Re: Discipline my daughters)”, in alt.sex.bondage (Usenet):
- If the child is about the intellectual equal of the parent, sie will eventually start holding hir own in discussions, […]
- 2010 September 16, Jessica Freely, Amaranth and Ash, La Vergne: Lightning Source, →ISBN, page 101:
- "You must be Ash," sie said, hir voice a shade deeper than Amaranth's.
- 2011 May 19, Ken Wickham, The Other Genders: Androgyne, Genderqueer, Non-Binary Gender Variant, CreateSpace, →ISBN, page 7:
- Sie may feel that hir actual identity of hir gender is supposed to be both/neither male or female, outside of gender, third gender, beyond gender, absence of gender, mixing gender, changing gender, or all genders.
- 2011 August 16, Petra Kuppers, Disability Culture and Community Performance: Find a Strange and Twisted Shape, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, LCC PN1590.H36 K87 2011, page 18:
- When I asked hir about hir preferred self-identification in this scene, sie offered me this language, 'sie sharply performs the hotness of teasing all the audience from the edge-space of androgyny.'
Alternative forms
Synonyms
Anagrams
Noun
sie
References
- Comparative Chibchan Phonology (1981)
Etymology
Dialectal variant of sinä (through siä); see it and its etymon, Proto-Finnic *cinä, for more.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
sie (stem siu-) (dialectal)
- (personal) you (second-person singular personal pronoun)
Usage notes
- The siu- stem is used in eastern Finland, not in Lapland.
Synonyms
- sinä (standard Finnish; see it for full list)
Anagrams
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle High German siu, si, from Old High German siu, si, from Proto-West Germanic *si(j)u, *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī (see Proto-Germanic *iz). Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si) and Old English sēo (“that one (f.)”).
Pronoun
sie f
- she
- Das ist meine Katze. Sie heißt Lili. (
)Audio: (file) - This is my cat. Her name is Lili.
- it (when the object/article/thing/animal etc., referred to, is feminine [die])
- he (when the grammatical gender of the noun being referred to and designating a male person, is feminine [die])
- Die Geisel Richard Meier versuchte, sich zu befreien, aber sie schaffte es nicht.
- The hostage Richard Meier tried to break free, but he didn’t succeed.
- Die Wache Michael Müller beschädigte ihr Gewehr, wofür ihr Vorgesetzter sie bestrafte.
- The guardsman Michael Müller damaged his rifle, and his supervisor punished him for that.
Declension
| singular | plural | singular and plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person familiar1 |
3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person familiar1 |
3rd person | 2nd person polite/formal | |||
| m | f | n | |||||||
| nominative | ich | du -e2 |
er | sie -se2 |
es | wir | ihr | sie -se2 |
Sie Ihr3 |
| genitive | meiner mein3 |
deiner dein3 |
seiner sein3 |
ihrer | seiner sein3 |
unser | euer | ihrer | Ihrer Euer3 |
| dative | mir | dir | ihm | ihr | ihm | uns | euch | ihnen | Ihnen Euch3 |
| accusative | mich | dich | ihn | sie -se2 |
es | uns | euch | sie -se2 |
Sie Euch3 |
German personal pronouns
1These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters. 2enclitic, colloquial 3archaic
- The genitive case ihrer is more and more rarely used in modern German.
- While the genitive of personal pronouns does express ownership, it must not be confused with possessive pronouns. While possessive pronouns such as ihr are put in front of the noun they relate to and follow the inflection rules of adjectives, the genitive form of personal pronouns has only one form, which is not further inflected. Additionally, personal pronouns in the genitive can be put after the word they relate to.
Related terms
Etymology 2
From Middle High German sie, si (neuter siu), from Old High German sie (masculine plural), sio (feminine plural), siu (neuter plural).
Pronoun
sie pl
Usage notes
- In the colloquial speech of some areas, this pronoun is used only enclitically after a verb, as an ending /zə/. E.g. hamse, könnse. Stressed instances are replaced with the demonstrative pronoun die. This reflects a similar development for es/das.
- While the genitive of personal pronouns does express ownership, it must not be confused with possessive pronouns. While possessive pronouns such as ihr are put in front of the noun they relate to and follow the inflection rules of adjectives, the genitive form of a personal pronoun has only one form, which is not further inflected. Additionally, personal pronouns in the genitive can be put after the word they relate to.
Declension
| singular | plural | singular and plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person familiar1 |
3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person familiar1 |
3rd person | 2nd person polite/formal | |||
| m | f | n | |||||||
| nominative | ich | du -e2 |
er | sie -se2 |
es | wir | ihr | sie -se2 |
Sie Ihr3 |
| genitive | meiner mein3 |
deiner dein3 |
seiner sein3 |
ihrer | seiner sein3 |
unser | euer | ihrer | Ihrer Euer3 |
| dative | mir | dir | ihm | ihr | ihm | uns | euch | ihnen | Ihnen Euch3 |
| accusative | mich | dich | ihn | sie -se2 |
es | uns | euch | sie -se2 |
Sie Euch3 |
German personal pronouns
1These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters. 2enclitic, colloquial 3archaic
Further reading
Anagrams
Alternative forms
- sii (Wiesemann spelling system)
Etymology 1
From Old High German siu; cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si) and Old English sēo (“that one (f.)”).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
sie
Inflection
| nominative | accusative | dative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| proclitic | enclitic | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
| 1st person singular | ich eich |
-ich | mich meich |
meer | mer m'r | ||
| 2nd person singular (informal) |
du dau/Dau |
-du, -de -Dau, -De |
dich deich/Deich |
deer | der d'r/D'r | ||
| 3rd person singular | m | er; där | -er | ihn | en | ihm | em |
| f | sie; die | -se | sie / ihns | se | eer ehr |
re | |
| n | es; das et, 't |
's | es et |
-et, -'t |
ihm | em | |
| 1st person plural | meer | mer | uns uhs | ||||
| 2nd person plural | deer Ehr, Dehr |
der | eich Auch | ||||
| 3rd person plural | sie; die | -se | sie | se | denne | ||
Etymology 2
From Old High German sie (masculine plural), sio (feminine plural), siu (neuter plural).
Pronunciation
Pronoun
sie
Inflection
| nominative | accusative | dative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| proclitic | enclitic | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
| 1st person singular | ich eich |
-ich | mich meich |
meer | mer m'r | ||
| 2nd person singular (informal) |
du dau/Dau |
-du, -de -Dau, -De |
dich deich/Deich |
deer | der d'r/D'r | ||
| 3rd person singular | m | er; där | -er | ihn | en | ihm | em |
| f | sie; die | -se | sie / ihns | se | eer ehr |
re | |
| n | es; das et, 't |
's | es et |
-et, -'t |
ihm | em | |
| 1st person plural | meer | mer | uns uhs | ||||
| 2nd person plural | deer Ehr, Dehr |
der | eich Auch | ||||
| 3rd person plural | sie; die | -se | sie | se | denne | ||
Further reading
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *sidek, equivalent to sittoa (“to bind”) + -e. Cognates include Finnish side and Estonian side.
Pronunciation
Noun
sie
Declension
| Declension of sie (type 6/lähe, t- gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | sie | sitteet |
| genitive | sitteen | sittein |
| partitive | siettä | sitteitä |
| illative | sitteesse | sitteisse |
| inessive | sittees | sitteis |
| elative | sitteest | sitteist |
| allative | sitteelle | sitteille |
| adessive | sitteel | sitteil |
| ablative | sitteelt | sitteilt |
| translative | sitteeks | sitteiks |
| essive | sitteennä, sitteen | sitteinnä, sittein |
| exessive1) | sitteent | sitteint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 523
Etymology
From Proto-Hmong-Mien *tsʰje (“hungry”). Cognate with White Hmong tshaib and Western Xiangxi Miao [Fenghuang] xib.
Adjective
sie
Pronoun
sie
References
- P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, page 58
Etymology
From Finnish sinä, from Proto-Finnic *cinä, from Proto-Uralic *tinä.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
sie
Declension
Declension of sie
|
See also
Kven personal pronouns
References
- Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 276
Pronunciation
Pronoun
sie
- Alternative form of si (both feminine singular and all plural)
Etymology 1
Old High German sie (masculine plural), sio (feminine plural).
Alternative forms
Pronoun
sie m pl or f pl
Inflection
| Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | ich | mīn | mir | mich | |
| Second | du, dū | dīn | dir | dich | ||
| Third | Masculine | ër CG hë(r) | sīn | im(e) | in | |
| Feminine | siu | ir(e) | ir(e) | sie | ||
| Neuter | ëȥ CG iȥ, it | es | im(e) | ëȥ CG iȥ, it | ||
| Plural | First | wir | unser | uns | uns, unsich | |
| Second | ir | iuwer | iu, iuch | iuch | ||
| Third | Masculine | sie | ir(e) | in | sie | |
| Feminine | ||||||
| Neuter | siu | siu | ||||
| The distinction of the forms siu and sie as shown above is typical of earlier Upper German texts, but was never general. The forms sī and si existed additionally and all four were increasingly used without differentiation. | ||||||
Descendants
- German: sie
Etymology 2
Pronoun
sie
Pronunciation
- Stem vowel: ê⁴
Pronoun
sie
- Alternative form of sê.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Verb
sīe
Alternative forms
Pronoun
sie m or f
Declension
Old Saxon personal pronouns
| Personal pronouns | |||||
| Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
| Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
| Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
| Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
| Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
| Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
| Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
| Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
| Dative | |||||
| Genitive | unkero, unka | - | - | - | |
| Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
| Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
| Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
| Dative | ūs | im | |||
| Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro | ||
Descendants
- Low German: se
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Pronoun
sie f
Declension
| Number | singular | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person/ Gender |
1st | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |||
| familiar | polite/formal | m | f | n | |||||
| nominative | ich | du de1 |
dihr der1 Sie |
er | sie se1 |
es | mir mer1 |
dihr der1 |
sie |
| dative | mir mer1 |
dir der1 |
eich Ihne Ne1 |
ihm em1 |
ihre re1 |
ihm em1 |
uns | eich | ihne ne1 |
| accusative | mich | dich | eich Sie |
ihn en1 |
sie se1 |
es | sie | ||
1 unstressed
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Pronoun
sie
Declension
| Number | singular | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person/ Gender |
1st | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |||
| familiar | polite/formal | m | f | n | |||||
| nominative | ich | du de1 |
dihr der1 Sie |
er | sie se1 |
es | mir mer1 |
dihr der1 |
sie |
| dative | mir mer1 |
dir der1 |
eich Ihne Ne1 |
ihm em1 |
ihre re1 |
ihm em1 |
uns | eich | ihne ne1 |
| accusative | mich | dich | eich Sie |
ihn en1 |
sie se1 |
es | sie | ||
1 unstressed
Verb
sie
Alternative forms
Etymology
Pronunciation
Pronoun
sie
- (rare) (to) himself/herself/itself/themselves (stressed reflexive-dative form of el, ea, ei and ele)
Derived terms
Related terms
- își (unstressed form)
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish się.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
sie
- reflexive pronoun; oneself, self
- each other, one another
Declension
Declension of sie
Alternative forms
Particle
sie
- creates the passive voice
- creates the impersonal voice
- expresses that the action is done without restriction, freely
Further reading
Etymology
Noun
sie
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