Final Report On City Development and Slum Upgradation Strategy of Bengaluru

73225
Public Disclosure Authorized
Cities Alliance Project Output

Final Report on City Development and Slum

Upgradation Strategy of Bengaluru
Bruhat Bangalore Comprehensive Development and Slum

Upgradation Strategy
P106505
This project output was created with Cities Alliance grant funding.
City Development and Slum Upgradation
Strategy Report - Bengaluru
CDSUS Report, BBMP 1

Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike
City Managers’ Association Karnataka
Cities Alliance
JBIC
USAID

Acknowledgement
We acknowledge with gratitude for the co-operation and contribution of the City
Managers Association of Karnataka (CMAK), who constantly supported the entire
activity of City Development & Slum Upgradation Strategy (CDSUS) by providing
physical, technical & mentorship support to the project.
We also thank all the stakeholders, involved in each of the initiatives, for their valuable
time towards the success of this endeavour.
We would especially like to thank the expert panel for putting in their expertise and
efforts through extensive consultation process at all stages of evaluation process to be
able to arrive at key conclusions & strategies with regard to the initiatives that would be
showcased through this report. And also help in assessing the urban poor, planning &
municipal reforms issues & implement the recommendations.
We acknowledge Mr. Sandeep Dash for his constant guidance and support during the
entire CDSUS project activity.
We thank Dr. S. Subramanya, IAS, Commissioner, BBMP & President CMAK for his
mentorly support & guidance.
We acknowledge Cities Alliance for providing the financial assistance to this project &
US AID, JBIC for being the co financers & also providing valuable inputs & interaction
during the project.
Special thanks are also due to all the staff at CMAK, BBMP & KUIDFC for their support,
encouragement and critique during the entire documentation process.
Lastly we would like to acknowledge each and every individual who has generously
contributed in making this CDSUS report possible.

Foreword
During the last 50 years, the population of India has grown two and a half times, but
urban India has grown by nearly five times. Karnataka is among the highly urbanized
state with 34% of its population being urban & Bengaluru being the capital city observes
the maximum urbanisation.
With an overall growth, the city has been witnessing an increase in the percentage of
urban poor. A large percentage of its population (about 18 per cent), is living in slums. In
addition to the recognized slums, a large number of poor households live in mixed, un-
recognized & low-income settlements and in villages that are surrounded by
development activities.
As in the case of poverty eradication, a critical issue facing Bengaluru is that of growth
management and service delivery which, is divided up between the BBMP and a large
number of organizations / parastatal such as the Development Authority, Utility Board
and the Slum Board etc.
The consequence of such accelerated pace of urban growth is increased pressure on
infrastructure. As with the problem of poverty, it is imperative to strengthen the planning
mechanism in order to achieve an overall improvement in the living conditions.
In this regard the planning focus requires a clear, implementable and comprehensive
urban planning strategy and a policy to address the overall development, especially slum
upgradation and services to the urban poor cutting across administrative, institutional
and spatial boundaries;
In this context the CDSUS project is an effort, which we all hope shall contribute in
bringing out excellent information & analysis of urban poor, planning, resource
mobilisation areas help in deriving strategies, action plans for overall city development &
urban poverty alleviation programmes.
Dr. Subramanya, IAS

Sd/-
Commissioner, BBMP &
President, CMAK

Preface
Bengaluru is India’s fifth largest city with a population of about 6 million. The city
is renowned for its good weather as also its progressive industrial and technical
climate that has been responsible for its steady growth. Bangalore is known as
Silicon Valley of India as a large number of software and business processing
outsourcing organizations is based in the city. It is also known as the garden city
of India as it houses many parks & playgrounds in the city.
However as in any Asian cities even in Bangalore slums co-exist with well-
developed areas. In addition to recognised slums, a large number of poor
households live in mixed settlements, in un-recognised low-income settlements
and in villages that are surrounded by the expanding urban sprawl (urban
villages). Most such areas have large deficiencies in water supply and
environmental sanitation infrastructure and services.
In the present structure, both activities namely urban planning and citywide slum
upgradation is fragmented among various institutions like Municipal Corporation,
Development Authority, Utility Board, Slum Clearance Board, Housing Board,
etc. In the context of JNNURM and various other funded programs, Bangalore
city has an opportunity to increase investments in infrastructure and slum
upgradation. Government of Karnataka (GoK) positioned Bengaluru Mahanagar
Palike (BMP) as the key centre for this coordinated efforts in compliance with the
implementation of 74th constitutional amendment which envisages urban
decentralization and empowers local bodies.
The Government of Karnataka (GoK) has by recent notification (December

2006), instituted a larger entity Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagar Palike (BBMP),
substantially expanding the size of the city from the present 225 sq. kms to over
800 sq. kms duly integrating the peripheral urban local bodies (ULBs), 7 City
Municipal Councils and one Town Municipal Council and 110 villages.

With the expansion of city limits, there is an immediate need to re-orient the
planning strategies for streamlining the city development in compliance with the
legally, economically and environmentally sustainable development models. Also
the city needs a comprehensive urban planning strategy to improve basic
infrastructure. Simultaneously there is a need to develop a citywide slum
upgradation program cross-cutting various sectors.
However resources are limited in BBMP & there is an urgent need for
involvement of Management tools & techniques in planning & implementation of
projects. This requires professional management involving experts, individuals,
stakeholders etc. Hence creation of a Strategic Advisory Cell (SAC), change unit
in Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagar Palike (BBMP) would be an ideal driver for such
initiatives, which identifies the existing slum situation, and also plan for future
growth. This strategy would be woven into the JNNURM & other investments so
that the growth process is effectively managed.
In the above context the City Development & Slum Upgradation Strategy
(CDSUS) project report would act as a guide & ready reckon to focus on
developing strategies based on above observations & derive strategies & action
plans, develop ToRs for speedy implementation of recommendations.

The CDSUS Project Team
Dr. Subramanya, IAS

President CMAK & Commissioner, BBMP
Mr. Sandeep Dash, ICAS

Project Head CDSUS & Spl. Commissioner (Fin & Res), BBMP
Mr. Mukundan Krishnamachary

Expert - Municipal Finance
Mr. Gopi Prasad

Expert - Urban & Regional Planning
Mrs. Renu Mukunda

Expert - Urban Poverty & Social Development
Mr. M Srinivas
Project Manager, CDSUS Project
Mrs. Sapna Swamy

Coordinator, CMAK

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sl.No Contents
i Acknowledgement
ii Foreword
iii Preface
iv CDSUS Project Team
v Table of Contents
vi Abbreviations
a City Profile
Chapter I Objectives and Outputs
Chapter II Existing Situation
a Slums, Urban Poverty and Land Issues
b Access to Land, Infrastructure and Services
c Access to Land and Process of Planning
d Resource mobilization and Institutional Issues
Chapter III Strategic Actions
Chapter IV The Strategic Advisory Cell
Annexure
An Overview of Slum Improvement and Poverty Alleviation
Annexure 1
Programmes in Karnataka.
Annexure 2 Terms of Reference for Poverty Mapping
Annexure 3 Terms of Reference Redevelopment Programme
Annexure 4 Terms of Reference Strategic Advisory Cell

ABBREVIATIONS
BMP……………………Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike

BBMP…………. ……...Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike
BPL…………………… Below Poverty Line
CMC…………………. City Municipal Council
EWS ………………… Economically Weaker Section
FAR …………………. Floor Area Ratio
GoI ……………………Government of India
GoK …………………..Government of Karnataka
JnNURM……………...Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
JBIC…………………..Japan Bank for International Co operation
KHB …………………. Karnataka Housing Board
KTCP Act …………… Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act
KSCB ……………….. Karnataka State Slum Clearance Board
LPCD………………… Litres per capita per day
MLP …………………. Million Liters per day
MPCE…………………Monthly Per Capita Expenditure
NIUA …………………. National Institute for Urban Affairs
PDS …………………. Public Distribution System
PHC …………………. Primary Health Centers
RMP …………………. Revised Master Plan 2015
SAC………………… Strategic Advisory Cell
SJSRY …………….. Swarna Jayanti Swaraj Rozgar Yojana
TMC………………… Town Municipal Council
UGD ………………… Underground Drainage

About 14.3% of the total population
CIITTYY PRRO
OF LE
FIIL E belong to the backward communities
Bangalore is the capital of the Indian (Schedules Castes and Scheduled
state of Karnataka. Bangalore is India's Tribes). There are about 13.37% of
third most populous city and fifth-most Muslims, 1.05% of Jains and 5.79% of
populous urban agglomeration. Christians in Bangalore. About 47.5% of
It is home to numerous public sectors the population in Bangalore comprises
such as heavy industries, software of women. Approximately 10% of the
companies, aerospace, population dwells in the slum areas of
telecommunications, machine tools, the city.1
heavy equipment, and defense City Summary

6.8 Million
establishments. Bangalore is known as Urban Population
(Approx)
the Silicon Valley of India owing to its 800 Sq Km
Area
(Approx)
pre-eminent position as the leading City Roads 1500 Kms
10 Lakhs
contributor to India's IT industry. Num Properties
(Approx)
Total Water Supply 950 MLD
Bangalore is located at an altitude of Per Capita Water Supply
147 LPCD
(BWSSB)
920 m (3,018 ft). It is positioned at
12.97° N 77.56° E and covers an area of Source: BBMP Website
741 km². The topology of Bangalore is
Civic Administration
flat except for a central ridge running
NNE-SSW. The majority of the city of The Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara
Bangalore lies in the Bangalore Urban Palike (BBMP, Greater Bangalore
Municipal Corporation) is in charge of
district of Karnataka and the
the civic administration of the city. It was
surrounding rural areas are a part of the formed in 2007 by merging 100 wards of
Bangalore Rural district. the erstwhile Bangalore Mahanagara
Palike, with the neighbouring 7 City
Bangalore features a growth rate of Municipal Councils (CMC), one Town
Municipal Council and 110 villages
population of 1.72% per year. The
around Bangalore
density of population in Bangalore is
3,000 per square kilometer. A large
number of people from other states and
foreign countries also inhabits in 1
Source: www.mapsofindia.com
Bangalore.

Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike Area
Notified Villages
BMP Area
Bommanahalli CMC
Byatarayanapura CMC
Dasarahalli CMC
K. R. Puram CMC
Mahadevapura CMC
R R nagar CMC
Yelahanka CMC
Kengeri TMC

OBJECTIVES AND OUTPUTS

villages). Poverty as an issue is owing
CHHAAPPTTEERR I to the lack of:
O
OBBJJEECCTTIIVVEESS AANNDD OOUUTTPPUUTTSS Regular income, employment
opportunities and purchasing power;
11.. The primary objective of this Access to services such as health
exercise is to set up a Strategic care, education, water and sanitation;
Advisory Cell (SAC) within Bruhat and
Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) Political power, participation, dignity
to address growth management and and respect.
service delivery issues as a result of the In the context of the city’s rapid
extension of its jurisdiction from 226.2 expansion, these issues are further
sq. km to 813.62 sq. km. The added compounded.
area includes a large segment of the
City and Town Municipal Councils, 33.. As in the case of poverty
wherein a certain level of basic eradication, a critical issue facing
infrastructure exists; though not at par Bengaluru is that of growth
with the core city. The villages have management and service delivery
lower level of services, but there are which, is divided up between the BBMP
locations that have witnessed peri- and a large number of organizations/
urbanization to a great extent. parastatals such as the development
authority, utility board and the slum
22.. With an overall growth, the city board.
has been witnessing an increase in the
percentage of urban poor. A large 44.. As with the problem of poverty, it
percentage of its population (about 18 is imperative to strengthen the planning
per cent, although estimates vary), is mechanism in order to achieve an
living in slums. In addition to the overall improvement in the living
recognized slums, a large number of conditions. In this regard the planning
poor households live in mixed focus requires:
settlements, un-recognized low-income
settlements and in villages that are A clear, implementable and
surrounded by developments (urban comprehensive urban planning
strategy and a policy to address the

overall development, especially slum Popu
lation
up -gradation and services to the Institution
Area 2006
urban poor cutting across Zone falling in
(sq.km) (in
administrative, institutional and spatial each zone
lakhs
boundaries; )
Existing
BMP Zone 226.20 44.12
BMP
Refining and devising a coherent
CMCs of
policy to support the strategy that is
Byataraya
derived mainly with the consensus of npura
Byatarayanpura 132.49 5.42
the stakeholders and the public at Yelahanka
large. and 26
villages.
CMC of
Building the organization’s capacity Mahadeva
to implement the strategy in the form Mahadevapuram puram KR 143.94 6.45
of projects and initiatives. The Puram and
23 villages
exercise has to focus on the
CMC of
involvement of the community as
Bommana
partners and the existing ground Bommanahalli 105.69 4.79
halli and
realities. The demand side 33 villages
management will be an important CMC of

RR nagar,
outcome for positioning the
RR Nagar Kengeri 141.79 2.92
projects/initiatives.
TMC and
17 villages
55.. The SAC is expected to explore CMC of
these opportunities and its objectives Dasarahalli

Dasarahalli 63.51 5.20
and 11
will be woven into the JNNURM, JBIC
villages
and the World Bank investments so that BMP, 7
it is effectively managed. Monitoring will CMCs, 1
be an integral part of the SAC. Total TMC and 813.62 68.90
110
villages.
66.. The task involved in this exercise

is to define the scope of the SAC and
the resources required to meet the

challenges posed by the additional An approach for resource
areas, especially settlements of the mobilization focusing on property tax
poor, under its jurisdiction and the and advertisement tax duly optimizing
possible funding of activities by the and improving the efficiency of the
BBMP and the donors. One of the present tax administration
purposes of the grants from donors will
be to provide technical assistance to the 88.. The process involved in this design
BBMP for setting up the SAC. It is include:
expected that this will be carried out in Consultations and focus group and
partnership with Cities Alliance, USAID- discussions in four slums;
India and the JBIC. The proposed SAC Discussions with poor in non-slum
is expected to be broad-based to localities;
address the development needs of Discussions with select NGOs; and
Bruhat (Greater) Bengaluru and of the Discussions with officials of the
poor, in particular. BBMP, the KSCB and the Bengaluru
Development Authority (BDA).
77.. As part of the preparatory process,
the important areas identified for review The team members also participated in
concern: local workshops that focused on issues
relating to poverty and governance.
Policy options and an action plan to
address the urban poor issues in 99.. The outputs include a structure for
terms of infrastructure service delivery the SAC that can “respond to the growth
such as housing, water, sanitation, demands” and in a broader sense the
drainage, street lighting and waste “ability to manage the investment plan
management, including benchmarking and related resource mobilization
the service levels with other mega requirements”. The objectives of the
cities in India and abroad’; SAC are in line with the thrust of the
Basic Services for the Urban Poor
Definition of activities for improving (BSUP)- Jawaharlal Nehru National
the urban and regional planning Urban Renewal Mission:
capacity within the BBMP; and Focused attention to provide integrated
development of basic services to the
urban poor

Provision of basic services to the Strengthening design and
urban poor, including security of tenure implementation of poverty-specific
at affordable prices, improved housing, programmes both in terms of services
water supply, sanitation and ensuring and access to livelihood;
delivery through convergence of other
already existing universal services of Strengthening overall planning
the government for education, health arrangements through redevelopment
care and social security. Care will be to benefit the poor;
taken to see that the urban poor are
provided housing near their place of Strengthening financial management
occupation. and investment functions of BBMP
and supporting activities that address
Effective linkages between asset the national mission objectives.
creation and asset management so
that the basic services are maintained 1111.. The key elements of the
efficiently and are self-sustaining functioning of the SAC would focus on
an integrated approach to eradication of
Ensuring adequate investment of slums inclusive of strengthening local
funds in order to remove the capacities and by way of innovative
deficiencies in the basic services to the means of financing to scale up service
urban poor upgradation and livelihood programmes.
Scale up delivery of civic amenities

and provision of utilities with emphasis
on universal access to urban poor
1100.. Based on discussions with the

BBMP and the objectives of JNNURM,
the SAC is expected to focus on:
Strengthening poverty-related project

development and policy advisory
capacities;

EXISTING SITUATION

purview of the following government
CHHAAPPTTEERR II authorities or others.
E
EXXIISSTTIINNGG SSIITTUUAATTIIOONN Table 1: Varying Estimates of Slum
population in Bengaluru
Slum
Slum Population
Source
Population % to Total
Population
1 Census
6,80,516 12
(2001)
2 KSCB (2005) 6,10,030 11
3 CDP (2007)
14,89,950 26
(estimated)
As these are estimates, intervention of

a. Slums, Urban Poverty and Land any sort must identify the precise nature
Issues of tenure and jurisdiction under which
As per the census 2001, 12% of the settlements are located. The
population resides in slums2, while the location by class of towns and their
Karnataka Slum Clearance Board status is as given below in Table 2:
statistics indicate a level of 11%,

Independent Researchers and NGOs Table 2: Number of slums and
claim a high estimate of urban poor households under KSCB, BMP, CMCs
population at around 20-25%3.The and TMC
slums in Bengaluru City come under the Nooo... ooofff

N
N
Agggeeennncccyyy
A
A Reeem
R
R maaarrrkkksss
m
Sllluuum
S
S msss
m
2 Karnataka Slum
'Slums' have been defined under Section 3 of Clearance Board 218 Declared
the Slums Areas (Improvement and Clearance) (KSCB)
Act, 1956 as areas where buildings are in any B
B Maaahhhaaannnaaagggaaarrraaa P
Beeennngggaaallluuurrruuu M
M BM
Paaallliiikkkeee (((B
P B MP
M P)))
P
respect unfit for human habitation, are by reason
North zone 82 Out of the 420
of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangement
East zone 44 slums, 237
and design of such buildings, narrowness or
South zone 145 slums are
faulty arrangement of streets, lack of ventilation,
West zone 99 declared, 127
light, sanitation facilities or any combination of
are undeclared
these factors which are detrimental to safety,
Central zone 50 and 56 are
health and morals.
3 unlisted slums.
There are about 778 slums in BBMP area
(comprising the erstwhile BMP and the 7 CMC + Total 420
1 TMC). That is, 26 % (and growing) of
Bengaluru’s population lives in slums and in total
about 35% of Bengaluru is classified as urban
poor. This is largely different from the numbers
obtained from formal documents such as the City
Development Plan under JnNURM programme.

Ciiitttyyy M
C
C M C CM
Cooouuunnnccciiilll (((C
Muuunnniiiccciiipppaaalll C C MC
M C)))
C A key aspect with regard to location of
Byatarayanapura 54 Out of 188 the slums is that of siting. Slums are
Krishnarajapura 39 slums, 101
either on government or private land
Mahadevapura 24 slums are
declared and and this determines their qualification of
Bommanahalli 37
R R Nagar 11 55 slums are tenure and services. The key features
Dasarahalli 13 undeclared of land issues are:
and 32 are
Yelahanka 10 Slums on Government Land: The land
unlisted.
may belong to more than one parastatal/
Total 188
wnnn M
TTTooow
w Muuunnniiiccciiipppaaalll C
M C MC
Cooouuunnnccciiilll (((TTTM
M C)))
C Government body and instances of
Kengeri 6 Undeclared lake//tank bed being encroached upon is
4
Grand Total 614 common. As part of any upgradation,
regularisation and providing a tenure
status is easier if they are on public
land.
Slum Population
1 – 620
621 – 1400
1401 – 2700
2701 – 6600
6601 - 20000
4
There are 110 villages within the new limits and
present high density and low services. These
settlements also incorporate high quality
developments within the village limits.

The inter-departmental co-ordination not living in slums are also poor5. In
and provision of the “hakku patra” is of effect, there is huge disparity with
necessity and is manageable. regard to basic statistics and the point is
that poverty6 is not restricted to slums
Slums on Private Land are alone. As per preliminary data, the
characterised by limited documentation Below Poverty Line7 population in the
such as conversion of land, change of city is roughly 10 lakhs. Since this figure
land use and titling may be missing or is higher than the total slum population
incomplete as the case may be (largely (as per Census 2001), it suggests that
the developments have come up there are overlaps in the estimation of
through the unorganized/informal route) BPL population and it would be incorrect
or it could be that large land parcels to assume that all population living in
have been let out on rent as make-shift Bengaluru slums are poor or living
quarters. Many such arrangements are below the poverty line. In effect, there is
over 10 years old. huge disparity with regard to basic
statistics. Hence, poverty mapping and
Poverty Levels developing a city’s poverty profile
In India, each State has a distinct becomes a priority issue in this context.
poverty line. The Planning Commission In this regard, the first step towards
estimated poverty line for each State in enabling redevelopment
2004-05 through monthly per capita
expenditure (MPCE). It estimated the 5
Baseline-survey conducted in 2002 by Aus-aid
poverty line in Karnataka in terms of assisted project for Bengaluru Water Supply and
Sewerage Board (BWSSB)
MPCE to be Rs.324 for rural and Rs.600
6
for urban areas. It is to be noted that The most common method of measuring poverty is
based on incomes or consumption levels. The World
poverty line measured through MPCE is Bank uses an international poverty line of $1 per
person per day (at 1985 purchasing power parity
below the national mark (Rs.356) for prices). The United Nations calculates a Human
rural but above the national mark Poverty Index based on a wider base of indicators
such as probability at birth of not surviving up to age
(Rs.539) for urban areas. 40, adult literacy rate, population without sustainable
access to an improved water source, children
underweight for age and population below income
poverty line. A Global Hunger Index was calculated
In terms of poverty ratios, assuming that in October 2006 by the International Food Policy
Research Institute (IFPRI) based on three equally
slum dwellers are poor, it is estimated weighted indicators: proportion of undernourished
population, prevalence of underweight in children
that an equal percentage of residents under the age of five and under-five mortality rate.
7
Janaagraha’s ongoing project, “Creating a Common
BPL List in Bengaluru”,

(as contemplated) in the implementation
phase should be poverty mapping
(Annex 2 for TOR).
b. Access to land, infrastructure and
BOX1: THE BENEFITS OF POVERTY services

MAPPING There is a widespread inadequacy in
i. Creates an important opportunity terms of access to water, sanitation,

for different actors to join in the solid waste management and health
public debate on poverty
care and the effect of the lack of these
ii. An important source of information
for actions to reduce poverty services is reflected on the health,
income and productivity of the
iii. Raises awareness, generates population. Land ownership rights play
discussions and leads to action on
poverty an important role in determining service
provision levels. Equally important is a
iv. Reveals levels of inequality both
across and within regions responsive governance system (Box 2).
A survey of 985 slums across
v. Important background resource for 8
Karnataka reveals that 30% of the
media articles, other publications,
lectures and organized discussions slums do not have access to drinking
.for eg. to foster partnership to
water. 66.3% of the slums do not have
assist the poorest communities.
latrine facilities, 37.3% of the slums do
vi. Offers information about the
heterogeneous poverty conditions not have drainage facilities. An
that underlie the national average,
assessment by the Public Affairs
revealing unsuspected pockets of
poverty Center9 indicates water, electricity and
sanitation, and Public Distribution
vii. Supply empirical evidence to System and health care were next in
confirm patterns in poverty that
were suspected, but are order of importance. However, a very
controversial
recent study of service levels in 115
viii. Provides data that are relevant and slums, carried out for the NIUA (2007-8)
important to local communities,
service providers and other indicates a higher access to water and
stakeholders.
lower access to sanitation and housing.
ix. Have several qualities that

contribute to the role of the maps
in strengthening accountability 8
STEM 2005
mechanisms. 9
Public Affairs Centre: Public Services for the Urban
Poor: A report card on Three Indian Cities

BOX 2: KEY ISSUES FROM THE CONSULTATION PROCESS
1. Water is always inadequate and the residents depend on the Board or private suppliers.
2. Sanitation (limiting it to latrines) provided through community facilities is ill maintained and
the other is open defecation and is an important issue for women.
3. The urban poor of Bengaluru city depend on private doctors as the Primary Health Centres
are most of the time without doctors or medicines are not available. Primary Health Centres
are useful to the extent that vaccinations are available during pre-natal period and to the
infants.
4. The Public Distribution System, an important element for the dwellers, has gone from bad to
worse. The quality of grain supplied is bad, the timings of distribution are irregular, and
women who, invariably wait in the queue at the PDS counters, lose their daily wages, also
there is no guarantee of supply.
5. Education: Parents of the urban poor want their children to study in English Medium Schools
as they realize that this would help the child get a job more easily. While they have access to
low fee education at Government/Corporation Schools, the medium of instruction in these
schools is Kannada. Parents, therefore, prefer private schools even if the fees are high and
the infrastructure inadequate. The lack of teachers in corporation schools was another
drawback.
6. Housing is dependent on land tenure and even in Declared (under Slum Regulation Act)
slums threat of eviction persists. Housing is further complicated by limited access to credit
facilities and generally people run into debts with high interest borrowings to construct
houses.
7. Employment opportunities are limited to daily wage sectors such as construction, semi-skilled
jobs, domestic work and garment industries, Employment guarantee programmes for poverty
alleviation does not reach the needy. One reason is that people are not aware of the
programmes or are not aware of how to access them. Micro-finance through Self-Help
Groups were useful to an extent but was not sustainable or did not lead to the families
crossing the poverty line/enjoying improved quality of life. The vocational/skills training very
rarely led to employment or enterprise.
8. Infrastructure, in terms of street lights, drainage and electricity, does exist though the quality
of work is very bad;, coverage of the slum is not complete; difference was noticed in the
service levels, even intra-slum services and provision is dependent on the slum leaders.
9. Community Initiatives are beginning to lose the momentum that was there in the 1980s The
NGOs/ CBOs are unable to deal with the growing problems.
Notes:
The Consultation Process involved Focus Groups with women and men in four slums and interviews
with BPLs families who do not live in slums. Some houses in Laxmanmurthynagar in
Krishnarajapuram received eviction notices last year even though they were issued Possession
Certificates in the year 2000.

Table 3: Access to Basic Services land is critical and the general belief is
Access to that access to land improves security
Service Description
Households (%)
and access to services.
Waaattteeerrr sssuuupppppplllyyy
1W
W
Individual WSC 43
Community Taps 50
Table 4: Development Priorities of the
Open/Bore Well 2 Urban Poor in Bengaluru
Tanker 5 Sl People’s No of Percentage
Saaannniiitttaaatttiiiooonnn
222 S
S No. Priorities slums (%)
Individual Toilets-UGD 35 To get land
Individual Toilets-Others 14 1. and housing 53 69
Public Convenience 35 rights
Open Defecation 16 Drinking water

2. 27 35
Sooollliiiddd W
333 S
S Waaasssttteee
W supply
Daily/Alternate Day 3. Latrine facility 34 44

61
Clearing of Waste 4. Drainage 31 40
Daily/Alternate Day Repair &

5
Clearing of Drains 5. maintenance 10 13
Disposal Daily/Alternate of road

59
Day Sweeping of Roads Unemployment
Drrraaaiiinnnaaagggeee
444 D
D 6. problem 9 12
Roadside Drains 56 among youth
Hooouuusssiiinnnggg
555 H
H Night school
Pucca 13 7. for student 7 09
Semi-pucca 49 youth
Kuccha 38 Tackle
exorbitant
8. 8 10
electricity
While income poverty is a measure of billing
deprivation and vulnerability, Total number of
179 100
contemporary development thinking responses
recognizes the multi-dimensionality of Source: Janasahayog and CIVIC (2003)

poverty reflected in access to basic
amenities, health care, education, NIUA assessment of vulnerability10
employment, social inclusion and based on 15 parameters indicates that
gender equality. Empowerment, security close to 46% of the slums in the city are
and opportunity have become the vulnerable. Given the priorities land and
cornerstones of development. Recent
10
assessment of priorities indicates that

services are critical aspects and
discussions with communities on the
needs indicate the importance of
BOX 3: MOTIVATION TO TAKE
livelihood opportunities and access to
health care services. The assessment CONNECTION
by NIUA also indicates that most
borrowing by households is for health
Residents in slums are being motivated to
care.
avail themselves of the opportunity to legally
connect to BWSSB water supply system and

Table 5: Assessment of Vulnerability
are actively discouraged from resorting to
Vulnera Computed
Values (%) illegal means. BWSSB has offered a
bility frequency
Less than rationalized reduction in the connection rates.
Low 31 27
0.4125 A house with an area of 150 sq.ft. is required
Between
to pay only the meter cost of Rs.550/;
0.4126- Medium 31 27
0.5150 between 151sq.ft. and 600 sq.ft. Rs.800/
More (meter cost of Rs.550 + Rs.250- cost of UGD

than High 53 46
connection) and a house above 600 sq.ft. has
0.5151
to pay the regular rates. The slum dwellers
Total 115 100
are allowed to pay the connection charges in
In a socio-political atmosphere there is two installments. Further, the connection
unregulated privatization of medical procedures have been simplified so that a

practice. Added to this, the state has slum dweller can apply for a connection
been steadily withdrawing from enclosing “hakku patras” issued by the BDA,
providing health care services,
KSCB, BMP; any proof of residence, such as
especially primary health care, access
ration card, election identity card, identity card
to primary health care is becoming
issued by the Karnataka Slum Clearance
increasingly difficult for the vulnerable
Board, along with the application.
communities and the poor in general.
The common emerging issues as
revealed by the survey conducted by
Janaarogya Andholana were:

Table 6: Indicators of Vulnerability Large number of vacancies of
medical staff in PHCs;
Indicators of Unit/Response Score Unavailability of adequate amount of
Vulnerability
Statistically appropriate drugs/essential drugs in
Employed Assigned
Per Cent PHCs;
Persons number
Statistically Anti-people and unfriendly attitude of

Density of
Per Hectare Assigned
Population the PHC staff towards the poor
(0.6); (0.1); patients;
Land Belongs Government, (0.3)
to Private, Mixed Respectively Corruption and blatant demand for
(0.1); (0.9) money for all services and turning
Status of Slum Notified, Not
Respectively
Notification Notified away of people owing to the poor
Ecologically (0.1); (0.9)
Sensitivity
Sensitive,
Respectively patients’ incapacity to pay.
Normal
Location
Statistically
Housing Per Cent
Assigned BOX 4 - SJSRY
Condition Kuchcha
Status of Title (0.1); (0.9)
Patta Issued;
Deeds to Respectively PERFORMANCE IN BANAGLORE
Not Issued
House Sites
Availability of
Per Cent With Statistically (1997-2002)
House Assigned
Drinking Water
Connection
Availability of Per Cent with Statistically 1,02,479 BPL families
Sanitation Sanitary Assigned
Facilities Facility Uncertainties in beneficiary list
Availability of (0.1); (0.9)
Drainage Yes/No Respectively Less than 1% received USEP
Facilities assistance (97-02) upto 24% of
Availability of
Waste (0.1); (0.9) loans overdue
Yes/No
Disposal Respectively
Facilities
Training & Capacity Building
Within Slum; component not need based
Availability of
Minimum 1 Km. (0.1); (0.9)
Educational Ambiguous job descriptions for
away Respectively
Facility
project staff: overworked with sub-
Within slum;
Availability of (0.1); (0.9)
minimum 1 km optional productivity
Health Facility Respectively
away
Substantial portion of Bengaluru
Budget going into community
Non-availability and irregularity of the services component rather than soft
Professional staff such as medical inputs

No convergence with any other
officers, nurses and lab technicians
schemes/programmes
and pharmacist;

Poverty Alleviation Programmes: Prepare a long-term plan
Karnataka has initiated many schemes Budgets linked to priorities
to address poverty in urban areas Need for performance management
(Annex 2). While most of them are
national programmes being Studies also indicate that elements for
implemented by the State, the State- effective design and management of
owned programmes are by far focused projects are effective targeting
on housing and upgrading services, and (beneficiary identification) and, project
social security to an extent. Most urban sustainability and replication. Current
poverty alleviation schemes attempt to interventions are programme -specific
address poverty by: and they need to be designed as a
package of benefits like training,
Provision of physical infrastructure placement, input supply and marketing
such as houses, roads, water supply of products; provision of infrastructure
and sewerage and amenities in the case of sites and
Generating employment opportunities services (Aziz, 1994). This is expected
Social security to ensure effectiveness of impact and,
Governance reforms for improved more importantly, partnerships with
service delivery NGO’s are critical. The main issues
with the project driven approaches12 and
Some of the assessment studies on their limited impact relate to:
UPA has revealed (also see Box 4) that
there are crucial areas that need to be Inadequate project planning
addressed if the benefits of the UPA has Inability to develop locally appropriate
to reach the poor. They are: organizations and provision for
people’s participation
Need for a systematic approach to Leakage of benefits due to ineffective
identify urban poor11 targeting
Need to link empowerment Unproductive nature of assets
programmes with job opportunities acquired/created; and
Limited recovery of funds provided.
11
A consultation undertaken in this study with the
slum dwellers of Krishnarajapuram area also revealed
that out of the 11 interviewed not a single person was
employable. Another finding was also that eight of the
11 beneficiaries were from the same household for
12
three consecutive years. ISEC 1991

On both these accounts, the revised
c. Access to land and the process
master plan has made an attempt and
of planning requires further detailing and action
leading to successful implementation.
The preparation and revision of the Most importantly, the limited capacity to
master plan is by definition to provide pursue such tasks and areas need to be
vision, infrastructure, allow for economic overcome. In the current situation, the
growth, regulate land use and its scale of the BDA’s operation is macro
controls through Zonal Regulations. The and does not deal with micro-level
exercise of plan making allows for two interventions. The organizational
important decisions related to the city _ energies are best focused on the
possible consensus building on strategic development projects and land
allocation of infrastructure (this depends development than redevelopment/
on the institutional preparedness of the poverty focused actions. The transfer of
respective departments) and planning powers and redevelopment, in
identification of projects that require particular to the BBMP in the near
multiple stakeholder involvement along future, will allow the BBMP to address
with resource mobilization. the needs and demands of the urban
poor.
BDA is the planning authority for
Bengaluru and according to the KTCP The BDA master plan attempts to
Act, 1961; the planning powers are streamline its policy and programme
vested with this body. As per the development in line with the National
provisions, BDA has two main tasks to Housing and Habitat Policy. The key
carry out: objective of providing shelter is planned
to be met by harnessing the public,
i) The task of making the master private/corporate, household sectors
plan and revising it once in 10 and by creating adequate housing stock.
years and to accord The addition of the stock shall
permissions/sanctions to building essentially focus on encouraging rental
development plan/layouts and and ownership housing13.
ii) Sites and services schemes as a
development authority
13
BDA Revised master plan 2015, vision document ,
page no: 33

The strategic outlook of the master plan
in relation to housing and shelter
includes housing strategy, budget
housing and redevelopment of slums,
night shelters and rental housing.
Under the housing strategy, the master

plan lays emphasis on the development
of new housing areas, upgradation and
redevelopment strategy needs to be in-
intensification through redevelopment of
situ. Relocation of the slums needs to
existing housing areas including
be resorted to only in those cases where
unauthorized colonies, slums and
conditions pose a danger to
squatter settlements.
health/safety. In some instances, the
lands may be required for public
In the same manner, the RMP 2015,
purpose. Certain relaxations in the
under the budget housing, a co-
development control need to be made to
operative resettlement model is
suit and encourage project viability
suggested for providing tenure rights
wherein private sector participation can
and for developers to ensure a minimum
be solicited. The Zonal Regulations of
of 15% of FAR or 35% of dwelling units,
Revised Master Plan 2015 state that
whichever is higher are earmarked for
“following regulations shall apply for all
EWS and lower income category. Both
redevelopment schemes taken up
these are to be tested thoroughly before
KSCB, BDA, BBMP and KHB within the
implementing the same through the
local planning area of Bengaluru:
master plan.
Redevelopment of Slums/Area Redevelopment schemes may be
Development: allowed in any zones,
Though the Master Plan provides for Maximum plot coverage of 60% and
redevelopment, exercise of maximum FAR is allowable upto 3.0
redevelopment has been limited to a few

cases. The large number of slums and Though the redevelopment possibility is
their population are linked to the highlighted, the specifics for
economic activities and their redevelopment and the institutional

mechanism are not clear. There is a manner and be implemented through
need for comprehensive planning to government, private sector participation,
cover redevelopment and densification ULB, community participation.
in order to align the specific intervention
d. Resource Mobilization and
to the entire city level infrastructure,
including utilities and transport. The Institutional Issues
issue of redevelopment necessitates
Bengaluru City primarily derives its
working with FAR, land and capital
revenues from own sources to the
investment coupled with better urban
extent of 75%. Among the own source;
management practices.
property tax accounts for close to 60%
of the revenue. The other sources
The Revised Master Plan has
being; assignments from the state and
introduced some innovative tools that
grants. From a resource mobilization
allow the urban local body to assign and
perspective, while the key lies in
redevelop for the selected areas. These
property taxes, the mobilization will also
are covered under the heading of
need to focus on other levies in relation
planning perimeters and are delineated
to the nature of services provided by the
on the map to indicate the need for
BBMP.
action planning and detailed studies.
While property tax is the major source

Area improvement scheme:
and reflects better collection
In the planning perimeters section, the
performance, some of the recent
RMP 2015 rightfully identifies areas for
developments such as reduction in
detailed schemes covering slums,
additional stamp duty to a surcharge
poorly serviced infrastructure areas and
have affected the financial status. For
any other area that have significant
example, the stamp duty was an
impact are to be taken up. These areas
additional 2%, which was transferred
are envisaged to be implemented
and is now a surcharge due to
through the Urban Local Body (read
commitments as part of national reforms
BBMP) with development of
by the State.
programme, development specifics,
assignment of development controls,
rights and transfers and overall
planning. These can be in a phased

Table 7: Properties and DCB of Table 8: Property Tax Collection
Property Tax of BMP details
Year (Base yr 00 - 01 - 02 - 03 - 04 - 05 - Items 2001 - 2002 - 2003- 2004 - 2005- CAGR
2000) 01 02 03 04 05 06 02 03 04 05 06
No. of properties
4.05 4.50 5.38 5.41 5.90 6.34 Actual in Rs. Crores %
(Lakhs)
Revenue
Demand
150 175 200 230 300 320 Account
(Rs. crores)
Collection Income 402.39 427.83 458.18 423.23 558.16 13.2
156 163 195 200 230 260
(Rs. crores) Expenditure 360.19 379.76 444.25 649.82 579.18 18.2
Collection Surplus/
104 93.1 97.5 87.0 76.7 81.3 42.20 48.07 13.92 (226.59) (21.03)
Performance (%) Deficit
Capital
The key issues with regard to financing Account

Receipts 70.56 185.30 251.73 457.56 343.17 64
infrastructure and development in
Payments 177.58 292.39 310.77 304.37 427.40 42
Bengaluru stems for the fact that
Surplus/
property tax has its limitation in terms of (107.02) (107.09) (59.04) 153.19 (84.23)
Deficit
revisions as the city had carried out two Overall
major reforms in this regard. The first Status incl. 85.64 94.97 95.79 111.62 104.43
O.B.
being, shift to an area-based system
through a Self Assessment Mechanism
The concept of surplus appears
of taxation and the recent move of shift
notional, especially with the huge
to capital-based valuation; with the
investment and O&M backlog. The
extension of this method to the areas
average deficit as % of revenue of the
added as part of the BBMP, starting
BBMP has been of the order of 7 % of
1.4.200814. The options include
its revenue income. The debt-servicing
improving administration by expanding
ratio of BMP is around 33% (Rs.153
the tax net and land -based charges.
crores during 2005-06) and is just over
the comfort zone of 30%.
14
Tax Rate
Category
(%)
Vacant land
Below 1,000 sq. m 0.1 to 0.2
Above 1,000 sq. m & below
0.025 to 0.5
4000 sq. m
Above 4,000 sq. m 0.01 to 0.02
Residential properties 0.3 to 1
Non-residential properties 0.05 to 2

STRATEGIC ACTION

concerned. The key issue is that the city
CHHAAPPTTEERR III has grown in size and changed in form
and characteristics and activities of slum
S
STTRRAATTEEG CA
GIIC ACCTTIIO
ONN improvement fall short. Land tenure
issues, basic services, housing and
environmental sanitation need to be re-
III Strategic Actions
visited in the context of quality,
sustainability and even quantity. There is
It is crucial for city stakeholders to take a
a need for site and poverty mapping in
proactive role in defining a shared vision for
the BBMP area as a first step towards
their city’s future and improving the quality of
poverty and infrastructure interventions
life of the people, including the urban poor.
and
While the CDP sets the vision, there is a
need to formulate sub-sector plans for the Strengthening the planning and
city, poverty eradication being one of the design capabilities are critical and
important aspects. This would involve a
community participation is the key to
planning method that is compatible to both
successful implementation of slum
city-level planning and
improvement programmes and micro-
neighbourhood/community-level planning
plans prepared through a participatory
needs to be chosen for decision making and
strategy design. Some of the key issues in process and rational fund allocation is
planning poverty reduction or slum critical for sustenance. The fund-flow
upgradation/redevelopment in the context of needs to be continuous and not
Bengaluru are: lapsable.
15
The objectives of KSCB , BMP and
BDA are similar as far as slums are Apart from processes and strengthening
capacities, a key requirement is
15
a. The major objectives of the Karnataka Slum
Clearance Board under the provisions of the investment funds given the magnitude of
Karnataka Slum Improvement and Clearance
the problem. The investment demand
Act, 1974, are general :
• To undertake environmental for the medium-term with regard to
improvement, clearance and
redevelopment of slums physical infrastructure improvement for
• To improve the hygiene conditions of
the slums by providing water, drainage, lower income areas is placed at Rs.4,
roads, lights, etc.,
• To construct tenements for slum 995 crores (until the year 2031) and the
dwellers from eviction by landlords
immediate requirement for the medium-
• To protect bona fide slum dwellers from
eviction by landlords
• To clear unauthorized huts and to the socio-economic conditions of the
prevent new slums slum dwellers
• To take up socio-economic studies of
slums to get a better understanding of

term of 2012 is Rs.2,000 crores functionally independent or be a
(Roughly Rs 500 crores per year). department within BMP?
Additional requirement for non- iii. In terms of resources, should this be

investment funds will be at least Rs.25 another source of funding or should
cores over the project period. With this be a pool of all forms of funding
regard to rolling out lower-income area and support a broad range of
related improvements and skill/ social poverty-related initiatives?
development activities, the key issue
that need to be considered are: The first step in this regard is the
establishment of SAC to overcome
i. Should BBMP/SAC spend time
institutional constraints of limited
defining poverty and assessing the
capacities to plan. The activities of SAC
same or evolve a mechanism that
would include design of an Urban
could address the needs of the poor
Poverty Eradication Policy and
based on an agreed criterion?
investment guidelines. It is expected
that Pilot schemes for improvement will
ii. If the answer is yes to above, it
need to be conducted by NGO’s. The
needs to be a system that responds
various activities in this regard are:
to the needs of the target group. The
issue is, should this unit be
“Address the needs of the poor……”

Table 9: Proposed Activities of SAC
Slll...
S
S BBuuudddgggeeettt
B
Accctttiiivvviiitttiiieeesss
A
A Puuurrrpppooossseee
P
P Meeettthhhooodddooolllooogggyyy
M
M
Nooo
N
N Rsss C
(((R
R Crrrooorrreeesss)))
C
To assess the
Semi-Structured
affordability and
1 Household surveys questionnaire 1.0
willingness for cost
(10%sample)
sharing
Demand responsive arrangement and will be sub project based. Any settlement that needs any
infrastructure development will need to carry out a mapping exercise followed by surveys to assess needs
and design the transaction in terms of infrastructure design and social activities
Capacity building needs To develop capacity
assessment study building programmes for
Community-based self-management and Participatory processes
2 organizations situation specific and need like focus group 0.20
Intermediary based programmes. discussions
Agencies (NGOs Stakeholder analysis as
etc.) part of this study
To be carried out for a sample of slums and define the needs during the project period
Key informant
Knowledge, attitude, interviews, Focus Group
for developing hygiene
3 practice study – health Discussions, application 0.25
promotion strategies
& hygiene issues of hygiene indicators in
sample households
More in terms of dissemination and would seek support from other State departments such as Health for
financial support
Based on household
CSR initiatives/
4 Locating resources for surveys and corporate
Sub-projects/ activity 4.0
5 converging specific request, design
design
intervention
To develop and market the same to the corporate entities and area redevelopment programmes
to be implemented by BBMP/ private partners
Primary Health Centers
and schools _
To optimize the services Interviews with PHC users, doctors,
performance
6 of PHC/schools to the ANMs, Health Department officials, review
assessment study and
urban poor of health policy and select schools
recommendations for
optimization of utilization
7 Urban slum upgrading Define programmes and Discussions and based on surveys of

Policy policies and operating select communities
procedures
For the two activities above, define methods of augmenting services through community/ private
participation.
Resources for project structuring to be obtained from 4 above
In this context the mobilization of
resources, i.e, in terms of balancing its

a. Revising the ARV/CV of
property tax in the BMP,
annual revenues and expenditure in part
added ULB and villages
during 2008-09;
could also be by improved financial
b. Bringing un-assessed
management. This is critical with the
properties under the tax
net;
limited buoyancy in the property tax
c. Maintaining 90%
regimes due to shifts from ARV to area-
collection efficiency;
and Settling all the
based and capital value methods over a
outstanding liabilities
shorter period of time, which would
constrain altering the base. The only
Table 11: Investment details increments will be annual addition and
Sl. No Investment Head (Agency/ 2006 - 2012 2012 - 2031 Grand Total
Period) Rs. Crores
At constant Prices
1 Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara
15,635 65,861 81,497
Palike
Core infrastructure 5,127 4,776 9,903
Major road and BRTS project 8,088 56,286 64,374
Other projects 2,420 4,799 7,219
2 BWSSB 8,189 7,854 16,043
Water Supply 5,986 5,732 11,718
Sewerage 2,203 2,121 4,325
16
3 BDA 4,000 4,000
Total 27,824 73,715 1,01,540
16
This investment is only for the peripheral road as
identified in CDP; in addition BDA has its own

expanding the tax net to account of implement the investment plan the order
of investment will be in the region of
about four lakh properties Based on
Rs.1, 200 crores. Currently the level of
current revenue streams and
borrowing is to the level of 80% of its
improvements, a recent assessment capital sources and the main sources
are KUIDFC and HUDCo19. The
indicates that the BBMP will be able to
implementation of the plan would mean
sustain its investment of Rs.11, 410
at least doubling of the manpower effort
crores, i.e., 57 per cent of the total to design and implement programme.
From this perspective, it is necessary to
required investment17. This includes
review the possibilities of PPP
grants under JNNURM (GoI and GoK)
arrangements and its impact on
framework as applicable to a tune of finances.
Rs.4,389 crores. This is a do minimum

In terms of resource mobilization
scenario and the review carried out by
options, the best option for BBMP will be
consultants18 indicates a higher in terms of land-based charges.
Currently based on provisions under the
investment, subject to additional state
Karnataka Town and Country Planning
assignments and land-based impact
Act 1961, land-based levies are
fees. While this is an unlikely scenario, charged. These include:
a. Planning permission fees
b. Betterment charges and
the investments need to be viewed in
c. Development charges
the context of additional resources from
land-based charges such as betterment
The issue with development charges is
levy and enhancement of the
that when BDA develops a layout, the
implementation capacities of the BBMP.
costs are in-built as part of the land cost,
whereas for private lay out the levy is
Current average annual capital
Rs.20 per sq.m (as per KTCP Act,
expenditure is of the order of Rs.400
1961). These rates are levied based on
crores and if the BBMP were to
a 1993-94 Government Order and have
investment proposals for implementation of its zonal
development plan.
19
Currently, BMP has an outstanding loan of
18
CRISIL 2007 Rs.742.02 crores.

not been revised since then. In the year development charges. The Andhra
2005-06, the BDA collected Rs.25 Pradesh Government also revised the
crores as betterment charges and development charges in the year 200721.
Rs.15.7 crores as development charges. The per square meter rates for
The BMP collected a betterment of levy regularization in Chennai are Rs.1, 250
of Rs 6.26 crores during the same for residential and industrial, and
period. The BDA also receives Rs.2,500 for commercial. The
substantial revenues by way of auction development charge rates for residential
of plots and the resources are generally in Chennai are Rs.5/ sq.m for land and
not ploughed back for development Rs.12.5 for buildings and is in multiples
works of the BBMP. of two for commercial properties. The
The resource mobilization plan as underlying fact in all the cities, including
prepared by the KUIDFC indicated Bangalore, is that while the layouts
additional inflows through the Sakrama developed by public agencies factor in
scheme of regularizing unauthorized the cost of development and charge the
developments. As per the scheme, the buyers, in the case of layouts developed
rates are graduated based on the site by private builders, the developments
20
area . While there are issues in terms are not up to the mark and the fee
of the process, it needs mention that collected by the agencies do not reflect
similar schemes are under way in other the true cost of development. The
metros and the rates are far higher than impact is on the local body to mobilize
those prescribe in Karnataka. In additional resources and upgrade
Hyderabad, for layout regularization it is services and the only source available
of the order of Rs.600 per sq.m inclusive to raise resources is the property-based
of all charges, including betterment and taxes, which is in itself a constraint. The
additional option will be to explore the
20
Area Rate Rs./ Sq.M

Violation-Formation of Sites
21
Upto 60 200 Hyderabad
>60-120 400 Use Land Building
>120 600 ( Rs/ Sq.M)
Set Back Violations % Hyde Urban Hydera Urban
Res Non Res rabad Agglom bad Agglom
Upto 25 10 25 eration eration
25-50 25 40 Res 75 75 100 50
FAR Violations Com 100 100 125 60
Upto 25 10 25 Ind 60 60 125 30
25-50 25 40 Ins 60 60 125 30

proposed redevelopment provision in the corresponding rates are Rs.60 and
the Master Plan for Bengaluru. Rs.120. After 15 years of initial
prescription, these rates in Mumbai
The possible options for mobilizing appear to be extremely low both
additional resources to meet the compared to current property prices
investment need can be from the and resource requirements for
regularization fee, which would be of the infrastructure provision. Any increase
22
order of Rs.600 crores . This could be would be less than 3% of the current
leveraged additional of investment in the cost of development in Bangalore.
medium term, especially if the fund is
managed by well-placed investments.
The additional inflows for the fund could

also be contributions by way of:
Enhanced development charges.
Currently the BBMP charges Rs.20 per
sq. m (Rs.40 for industrial and Rs.75
for commercial) as development fee23.
However, there is a need to develop
annual costs and notify the same.
Currently, this is notified by the GoK
and will require empowerment of the
BBMP to fix this levy on “annual basis”.
For instance, in case of Mumbai, The
rates prescribed for the MCGM,
Mumbai, are a minimum of Rs.140 and
a maximum Rs.350 per sq. m. of land
and building where the FSI is 1 (the
current applicable rate is Rs.175). In
case of other Municipal Corporations,
22
It is proposed that the BBMP will regularise all the
buildings where deviations are below 50% and at the
proposed fee, BBMP would generate about Rs.600
crores in the next two years
23
As of 1993-94

PROCESS OF CALCULATING DEVELOPMENT CHARGES
Prepare Development
Forecast
Exclude ineligible
services
Estimate Increase in
need for Service
Less grants, subsidies Determine long term

& other contributions capital & operating
costs for infrastructure
Net Capital costs
Add unfunded works

in place which will
Less benefit to benefit future
existing development development
Amount of charge by
Development type

Apart from enhanced This pool of resources will primarily be
development charges, the city can also for demand-based development works
benefit from the proposed in the BBMP area, including
redevelopment schemes and as per the redevelopment programmes as
act, a betterment levy would enable the contemplated in the Master Plan. In
BBMP recover part of the costs. If the addition, the cell would also manage
redevelopment warrants additional debts by substituting debt as well as
FSI, this could be at a price and the deciding on implementation options for
additional resources could be pooled infrastructure or social projects.
into the Infrastructure Fund (IF),
leveraged and utilized in the same zone Scope of the Investment Planning and
for development. However, the rates of Debt Management Cell:
development will need to be on actuals
for the zone. Assistance in financial
management:
It is recommended that the Maintain an up to date database
BBMP create an IF from a long-term on municipal finances
perspective and also establish a Debt Reconciliation of accounts with
Management and Investment Planning utilities and lenders
Cell. The primary function of the cell will Carrying out variance analysis
be managing the “Investments Funds”, with reference to the budget
which could be specific to Slum Furnishing data and carrying out
Improvement or General Infrastructure analysis for the BBMP.
Investments. These funds could draw Tracking the growth of property
resources from: tax assessments
• All land-based levies Market watch and periodic
• The regularization income substitution of loans
(Sakrama), Investment of resources in the
• And other sources transferred “specialized funds” and
by the BBMP or the managing the same.
government and possibly a Ensure enforceability of security
share of land auction based mechanisms by maintaining a
income of the BDA. register of hypothecated
collateral.

Assistance in project crores and the capital of the order of
financing: Rs.220 crores. Most of the capital works
Assist various units of the BBMP is towards the BUSP. The BBMP could
in structuring projects/engage as part of its policy to improve living
experts to assist the cell in such conditions in lower-income areas merge
transactions the 18% welfare allocation and an
Disseminate information on the annual contribution of around. The
projects to credit-rating agencies BBMP will also need to define a policy
and interested financial for slum upgrading and allocate
institutions. resources so that this could be
mainstreamed as part of the Budget
1122.. For financing services and than being linked to programmatic
development activities for the poor, funds.
beyond the national programmes-based
support and allocation for basic 1144.. The investment needs for slum
infrastructure upgrading, the allocation upgradation is of the order of Rs.4,995
is limited. Even the BSUP primarily crores and additional Rs.50 crores will
focuses on physical infrastructure and is be required for social development
limited on the social development front. activities. :
The only direct source for slum
improvement is transfer of a cess on
private development24 collected by BDA
and transferred to a “slum development
fund” jointly held by the Slum Clearance
Board and the ULB. However, this fund
can be utilized by the Slum Clearance
Board as per standing orders of the
government25.
1133.. Currently, the welfare budget on

the revenue side is of the order of Rs.55
24
The fee ranges from Rs.25,000 per ha for layouts to
specific charges for plots developed by state agencies.
25
TPNo:DD-DG/SiCess/6-18/94-95 Dated
18.5.1994}

STRATEGIC ADVISORY CELL

and direct various actions to desired
CHHAAPPTTEERR IV outcomes within the statutory
frameworks. In effect, the SAC will
S
STTRRAATTEEG CA
GIIC ADDVVIISSO
ORRY
Y oversee the following activities:
C
CEELLLL Preparation of urban slum
upgrading policy for Bengaluru city;
Support the BBMP in
The Strategic Advisory Cell
establishment of debt management
While fund management will be a
cell, by engaging an expert or
function within the BBMP supported by
through an internal committee;
CA through the SAC, the SAC will be
Augmenting physical
the nodal point for enabling all pro-poor
infrastructure in general and in
initiatives and advise/coordinate
lower-income areas in particular by
advisory services for
coordinating with the works
strategic/operational actions. This could
department. This would involve
be on a range of issues such as
preparation of pilot projects and
governance, resource mobilization or
support during implementation of the
programme or project development.
projects. including community
mobilization;
Apart from pursuing projects or
Managing and executing the
catalysing action through various
redevelopment – design TOR for
stakeholders and implementing
engagement of consultant and assist
agencies, the SAC will also initiate
the BBMP in its implementation,
planning actions that will enable
compensation, etc-.
comprehensive
Monitoring and implementation
upgradation/redevelopment of areas of
of redevelopment – project
the city. The renewed planning
implementation.
approach essentially shall be strategic

THE PROPOSED STRUCTURE
THE STRATEGIC ADVISORY CELL
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Chair – Principal Secretary, UDD
Members
Principal Secretary, Housing
Principal Secretary, Revenue
TECHNICAL ADVISORY CELL

COMMISSIONER BBMP
CHAIRMAN - SAC
CMD – BWSSB
Commissioner, KSCB
Commissioner, BDA
Managing Director, KUIDFC
Independent Engineering Specialist
SPECIAL COMMISSIONER BBMP

MEMBER SECRETARY SAC
SAC TEAM
Project Manager
Municipal Engineer
Social Development Specialist
Financial Management Specialist
Other Specialists
The structure and suggested staffing for the SAC are as follows. The SAC will be
anchored within the BBMP. The overall functions will be handled by a programme
manager and technical specialist. Other skill sets will be acquired based on need.

Position Skill-sets Functions
Project Urban Planner/ Management Overall management of SAC activities and
Manager Graduate at least 10 years submission of performance and monitoring
experience in program reports to the Steering Committee and the
management in the urban Donors;
sector Specific advice on project development;
Lead design and oversee on behalf of SAC,
the area development program;
Policy advise to the SAC constituents and
coordination of policy work outsourced
through specialists and
Coordinate procurement of goods and
services for the SAC or activities of other
agencies that would involve procurement
Municipal Engineer Planner with Design, review and appraisal of
Engineer adequate experience in infrastructure components of area/ in situ
design of area development slum development programs and
schemes. Around 10 years Support small initiatives on aspects relating
experience, preferably with to procurement as well support other service
experience in procurement of outsourcing such as health, education etc.
works and services.
The Municipal Engineer can
also be on deputation form
BBMP/ Government.
Social Social scientist with around 10 Define TOR and procurement of agencies
Development years experience in program to carry out poverty assessment and
design, design of social mapping, social development programs;
development/ livelihood Initiate IEC activities on various issues
projects and research. relating to health and poverty
Support the Engineer in design of slum
upgrading programs
liaise with the Corporate entities to market
social projects and monitor program
implementation
Finance Master in Business Assist PM in
Specialist Administration with Financial Financial appraisal of sub projects;

Management or CA/ ICWA Structuring of projects and
with sufficient exposure to Management of project finances
urban infrastructure projects,
knowledge of capital market
issues.
Other Specialists as required
.
The overall poverty specific requirements for the short term would be of the order of Rs.
2053 crores (US$ 515 million) and the BBMP will finance the investment components. It
is expected that CA and other partner donors, apart from supporting core staff will
support project development activities/specific transaction and policy studies. The
indicative costs of various actions are as follows:
Cost
Activity Description Rs Million Sources
Crores US $
Design of urban Team and Expert
slum upgrading formulate the policy and
policy and strategy, define sub projects in
and definition of consultation with 0.25 0.06 CA
specific sub-project BBMP/KSCB
implementation
arrangements
Finance sub-project/ Develop infrastructure
transaction projects, area
development and development projects and
4 1 CA/ USAID/JBIC
social development social development
activities/ programmes
programmes
Other advisory Activities such as support
services as for legislative 4 1 CA
demanded by amendments, market

constituent access support etc.
bodies/GoK26
SAC operating costs Technical assistance for
for a five-year setting up of Advisory
period Cell in BBMP,
4 1 CA
Infrastructure, Hiring
Professional & experts,
Operational Costs etc
Implementation of Implementation of
social development capacity building/
25 6.25 BBMP
Programmes livelihood programmes
etc
Infrastructure Physical infrastructure in
lower income settlements BBMP/ GOK/
2000 500
(JNNURM, BSUP, 18% GOI & users
programmes etc)
Total 2037.25 509.31
26
Such as Institutional Framework changes and amendments:
Framework for declaring an area for redevelopment scheme/redevelopment.
• Assessment of amendments to be brought about through the KTCP Act and the KMC Act. This includes the
required changes to be brought about in the municipal bye laws and zonal regulations.
• Framework changes for making BBMP/SAC in position to recommend Local Planning Authority for
declaration of the scheme.
• Action Plan for development of rental housing to be addressed.

ANNEXURES

GOI to support and develop micro-
ANNNNEEXXUURREE 1 enterprise and gainful employment
A targeted towards the urban poor. The

ANN O
OVVEERRVVIIEEW
WOOFF S
SLLUUM
M
highlight of this particular scheme is its
IIM
MPPR
ROOVVEEM
MEEN
NTT A
AN DP
ND POOVVEERRTTYY
focus on empowering poor women in
A
ALLLLEEVVIIAATTIIOONN P
PRROOGGRRAAM
MMMEESS IIN
N urban governance. It operates by setting
K
KAARRNNAATTAAKKAA up self-employment ventures or making
space for wage employment through
creation of suitable community
Nirmal Nagar Programme (NNP): This structures and the implementation is
programme, launched by the GoK, aims done through the local bodies and
to provide optimum delivery of the community structures.
services and change the way people
look at service delivery institutions. Urban Housing Schemes:
Greater accountability and citizen
participation are the focus areas. The Integrated Housing & Slum
following are the sub-components of the Development Programme (IHSDP): This
programme: programme was introduced by the GoI,
Urban Stree-Shakti for poverty and aims to enhance public and private
alleviation. investments in housing and
Urban cleanliness (solid waste infrastructural development in urban
management) areas.
Access to toilets for urban poor
Promotion of rainwater The basic objective of the scheme is to
harvesting practice strive for holistic slum development with
Property taxes reforms and a healthy and enabling urban
property=related GIS (geographic environment by providing adequate
information system) shelter and basic infrastructure facilities
Computerization to the slum dwellers of the identified
Implementation of fund[based urban areas.
accounting system in the ULBs
Ashraya Scheme: The State

Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana government-sponsored scheme for
(SJSRY): This is a need-based informal housing for the houseless urban poor.
employment programme launched by
The beneficiaries are selected by The objectives of BSUP are:
Ashraya Committees comprising both
official and non-official members Focused attention to integrated
appointed by the government. The development of basic services to the
financial assistance under the urban poor;
programmee is limited by the urban Security of tenure at affordable
local bodies. price, improved housing, water
supply, sanitation;
Dr. Ambedkar Housing Scheme: This is Convergence of services in fields
a State government-sponsored housing of education, health and social
scheme for the SCs/STs. The Ashraya security
and Ambedkar housing programmes As far as possible providing
were launched in Karnataka for the poor housing near the place of occupation
in 1993-94, long before the National of the urban poor
Habitat Policy was formulated. Effective linkage between asset
creation and asset management to
Infrastructure schemes ensure efficiency
Scaling up delivery of civic
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban amenities and provision of utilities
Renewal Mission (JNNURM) _ Basic with emphasis on universal access
Services for the Urban Poor (BSUP): to urban poor.
The Sub-Mission on BSUP under the Ensuring adequate investment of
JNNURM has been launched with thrust funds to fulfill deficiencies in basic
on integrated development of slums services to urban poor.
through projects for providing shelter,
basic services and other related civic
Other Schemes: These include several
amenities. In Karnataka, the JNNURM is
schemes that the State government has
applicable only to Bengaluru and
undertaken to provide social security to
Mysore, which are among the 63 cities
the poor, particularly the weavers and
selected for this scheme.
towards slum development:

Social Security programmes: The water, better roads, community
major national security schemes are : centre and street lighting.
National Old Age Pension Niranthara-BBMP offers

Scheme (NOAPS), which provides prioritized services to urban poor
pension to people above the age of with footpaths, community toilets,
65 who have no source of income or and vocational training.
financial support.
Apart from the above there are
National Family Benefit regular government schemes or

Scheme, which provides Rs.10,000 even the BBMP allocation such as
to families living below the poverty the 18% grants for SCs/STs etc.
line when their main earning

member dies.
National Maternity Benefit

Scheme, which provides Rs.500 to
pregnant women of families living
below the poverty line.
Rural Group Insurance

Scheme, which provides a
maximum life insurance of Rs.5,000
covering the main earning members
of families living below the poverty
line on a group insurance basis.
Kolache Pradeshagala
Abhivridhi Yojane: This is an
initiative of the Government of
Karnataka to improve the conditions
of the slum dwellers. Its main
objective is to provide drinking

centers- mainly from data that come
ANNNNEEXXUURREE 2 from field surveys and official
TTEERRM databases.
MSS O
OFF R
REEFFEERREENNCCEE FFOORR
iv. Government land, mainly that of the
P
POOVVEERRTTYY M
MAAPPPPIINNGG
RGRHCL, the BBMP, the BDA, the
KHB, for housing and land
1. Objective: Through a development.
comprehensive mapping to be v. Housing situation – informal and
carried out on various scales formal
possibly through use of GIS, the vi. Transportation
objectives are: vii. Health and education facilities
covering primary, secondary and
i. Transversal approach for tertiary health & education centers.
understanding the key issues The role of private schools and
ii. Arrive at urban poor networking health needs to be articulated and
and identification of common role identified clearly.
resources that can be shared. viii. Environmental features, including
iii. Develop programme/projects that of the valleys, tanks, hill tops,
based on different hazardous areas.
territories/spatial context. ix. Trunk infrastructure for the water,
sewerage, UGD _ this involves
2. Themes to be covered are: getting relevant information from the
departments concerned and building
i. Population densities _ changes and on the data and demand for
growth services.
ii. Geo-locating the slums/high-density x. Capital values and land prices of
areas/urban villages and poorly various parts of the city along with
serviced areas through the database the market guideline values in form
of the KSCB, the BBMP, the BDA, of price bands in the city.
the SAC listing (derived from the
NGO, etc), the BDA RMP 2015 – 3. Tasks
area improvement schemes and i. Conduct a stakeholder analysis
satellite imagery interpretation.
• Identify actual and potential
iii. Employment and jobs location _
stakeholders who should be
mapping of informal and formal job
involved in the various phases of poverty mapping and use the
the poverty mapping process learnings of the process and the
• Identify stakeholder needs, outcome to adopt it suitably.
interests, capabilities and views, v. Evolve a variety of methods,
so as to facilitate the including awareness raising
participation of stakeholders in initiatives, to explain possible
the poverty mapping process as applications and demonstrate
producers, disseminators or power of the results to create a
users in line with the objective of demand.
the stakeholders. vi. Suggest ways of setting up user
• Identify key actors on board and groups at an early stage. Involve
engage them as ‘Champion27s’ the user groups in the mapping
process. User groups can be
i. Identify the focal point for the Parastatal bodies, NGOs, likely
mapping process (in this case it CSR partners.
will be the BBMP) vii. Identify situations of conflict and
ii. Network with the key agencies tensions and deal with it with
and counterparts and keep them understanding and consensus
in the loop from the beginning. building process
(the BWSSB, the KSCB, the viii. Enlist resources needed for
KSPCB, NGOs/civil societies, setting up a poverty analysis unit
mass organizations, National and a GIS unit to be set up
Statistical Institute, Census within BBMP.
Board and specific private ix. Obtain access to census and
sector partners) any available survey data to
iii. Develop indicators that need to build the poverty map. Check the
be fed into the map through a compatibility of data sets and
participatory process ensure data quality
iv. Establish contacts with the x. Draw up clear guidelines for
agencies of Best Practices in analysis of data.
xi. Technical and Participatory
27
The role of the champions would be to disseminate
validation exercises must be
the methodology of the mapping process, objectives conducted to examine the
and uses which may also be updated. The champions
will ideally have the following characteristics: soundness of the mapping data
Knowledgeable, well-connected, Senior)

and other outputs. Trust among
the stakeholders and policy
makers must be established
through this exercise
xii. Work out a dissemination
strategy to spread public
awareness. Data outlets may be
identified.
xiii. List out assumptions and
limitations to the users.
xiv. Provide follow-up action plan
both to the BBMP and the user
groups.
4. Outputs of this exercise will be to

build the spatial and analytical data
as well to maintain for a period of
two years – the operation and
maintenance part will be budgeted
by the SAC and will involve PPP
model and the CSR initiative to
work. The database and mapping
will be updated once in six months.

value – (financial) and allow for
ANNNNEEXXUURREE 3 participation and respective enjoyment
of benefits commensurate with the
TTEERRM
MSS O
OFF R
REEFFEERREENNCCEE
participation or subsidy. This is an
R
REEDDEEVVEELLOOPPM NTT P
MEEN PRROOGGRRAAM
MMMEE extension of partnership model between
the various stakeholders.
Background: Bengaluru city has large
number of areas that are poorly serviced The salient features of the model will be:
and require some immediate
intervention in short-, medium- and long- The scheme also highlights a
term periods. An in situ type of “special attention area” and the
development/upgradation has limited development intiatives and their co-
scope and value. Therefore, there is a ordination can be continued.
need for renewing a redevelopment The redevelopment area shall
approach to tackle the various housing not only be limited to the slum or
and infrastructure issues. Foremost, poor area, they will be covering a
among them would be the need for the larger area for the redevelopment
“declaration of scheme”, which will plan purpose.
provide its legitimate status for planning The scheme area should also
and development operation. have the flexibility of possessing an
independent FAR as global FAR that
The scheme in common parlance is need not be linked with the Master
mostly understood as “static“ and Plan FAR.
“predetermined”, leading to a freeze on Instead of land-based rights, the
the existing ground situation. The form overall model has to be based on
suggested here introduces flexibility and the development rights and transfer
is modelled on similar lines of the “Town of development rights – through the
Planning Schemes”. The key focus use of FAR.
should be the ability of amalgamation of A global FAR for the said area
the various stakeholders’ rights and will be provided and this is required
working out a proportional beneficiary to be utilized in a creative and
position. This will be based on the prudent manner.
extent of participation not limited to the The permission for implementing
mere ownership of the resources. This the scheme and necessary
form of model thrives on ascribing a
approvals will have to come through drawing up of budgets. Through
the SAC. the careful dovetailing with the
The guidelines and regulations Master Plan, Transportation
for the redevelopment requires to networks, Infrastructure & Quasi
be drawn up and will provide Political inputs.
concessions so as to meet the D. Inclusion of budget items within
optimum development of the site the municipal budgets for regular
and the area. implementation.
E. Screening and addition of areas
The base information derived from the on an ongoing basis.
databases requires to be analyzed for
the veracity and also requires to be The tasks
brought into a suitable framework for
identification. This requires to be Activity .1: Benchmarking and
handled in stages: minimum services provision:
A. Consultancy part to anchor and Benchmarking of services to the current
provide inputs to the SAC as well level and enhancement to a desired
to enable policy/management level will require several of the
framework. Derivation of initiatives:
programmes and phasing Assessment of existing
proposals. programand new ones will have to
B. work with the multiple be introduced.
departments and agencies to Community mapping –
build consensus, agreements on identification of key CBOs,
various issues concerning: NGOs,etc,
i. Identification of stakeholders Social and economic
ii. Identification of areas for assessment studies – including
upgradation/redevelopment/slum investigating the role of employment
areas. generation through mix of self-help
iii. Conducting workshops, and organised turnkey construction
seminars & dissemination of formats.
information.
C. Derivation of programmes and
phasing for each area and

Activity 2: Engineering and Activity 3: Planning operations for
Infrastructure: both area level upgradation and
redevelopment
The infrastructure part both from
engineering aspects and social aspects Will involve detailed surveys –
of community services will have to be physical, reconnaissance,
improved upon–this will require the topographical and social surveys
upgradation of services and as well as Profiling and needs assessment.
to involve the community to take up the Land assessment and pooling
design and implementation of the for redevelopment process.
scheme. Design and Structuring the
scheme – identification of equity
Mapping of services. players, stakeholders and
Needs and demand requirement beneficiaries.
assessment. Action for limited re-location and
Engineering studies rehabilitation.
Integrating the informal sector Fixing of overall FAR for the
within the planning process and operations.
reservation of space/lending some Working out the social
concessions for the owners of infrastructure components.
tiny/informal businesses. In case of upgradation schemes
Discussion with relevant In the short term – prioritize
stakeholder for the services development along with actionable
component. inputs limited to one or two priority
Willingness to pay/affordability areas sectors consistent with
Identification of key players in overall upgradation and planning.
provision of infrastructure – Setting up of the budgetary
engagement into formal system. support.
Design of engineering aspects Identification of key players for
for the works implementation and enrolling them.
Implementation in phases by
involving the community/CBO
through a bid route.

reviewed by the Technical
ANNNNEEXXUURREE 4 Advisory Cell.
TTEERRM OFF R
MSS O REEFFEERREENNCCEE
4.0 Scope of Work of the SAC will
S
STTRRAATTEEGGIICC A
ADDVVIISSOORRYY C
CEELLLL
include design, support and
oversight relating to the following
activities:
1.0 Preamble: The SAC, the SAC 4.1 Preparation of urban slum
will be the nodal point for upgrading policy for Bengaluru
enabling all pro-poor initiatives city
and advise/coordinate advisory 4.2 Support the BBMP in
services for strategic/operational establishment of debt
actions. This could be on a management cell, by engaging
range of issues such as an expert or through an internal
governance, resource group
mobilization or program or 4.3 Augmenting physical
project development. infrastructure in general and in
lower-income areas in particular
2.0 Structure: The overall by coordinating with the works
responsibility of the SAC will be department. This would involve
with the Commissioner, BBMP, preparation of pilot projects and
the Chair. A committee headed support during implementation of
by the Secretary UDD will advise the projects. including
and resolve cross departmental community mobilization
issues relating to the work of the 4.4 Managing and executing
SAC. A Technical Advisory cell redevelopment program – design
on inter departmental operational TOR for engagement of
issues will function under the consultant and assist the BBMP
chairmanship of the in its implementation,
Commissioner BBMP. compensation, etc-
4.5 Monitoring and implementation
3.0 Within the BBMP, the of redevelopment – project
responsibility of the SAC will be implementation and
with a Special Commissioner. All
products of the SAC will be
4.6 Support the constituent 5.2 The overall functions will be
members of the “Technical handled by a program
Advisory Cell” on aspects manager and technical
relating to planning, policy and specialist. The Program
governance issues. Manager Will report to the
Special Commissioner as
5.0 Location, Staffing and designated by the
Responsibilities: Commissioner Bangalore
Corporation
5.1 The SAC will be anchored
within the BBMP and will be 6.0 Staff and responsibilities are as
attached to one of the follows :
Special Commissioners
Position Skill-sets Functions
Project Manager Urban Planner/ Overall management of SAC

Management Graduate at activities and submission of
least 10 years experience performance and monitoring
in program management in reports to the Steering
the urban sector Committee and the Donors;
Specific advice on project
development;
Lead design and oversee on
behalf of SAC, the area
development program;
Policy advise to the SAC
constituents and coordination
of policy work outsourced
through specialists and
Coordinate procurement of
goods and services for the
SAC or activities of other
agencies that would involve
procurement
Municipal Engineer Engineer Planner with Design, review and appraisal
adequate experience in of infrastructure components
design of area of area/ in situ slum
development schemes. development programs and
Around 10 years Support small initiatives on
experience, preferably with aspects relating to
experience in procurement procurement as well support
of works and services. other service outsourcing
The Municipal Engineer such as health, education
can also be on deputation etc.
form BBMP/ Government.
Social Development Social scientist with around Define TOR and procurement
10 years experience in of agencies to carry out
program design, design of poverty assessment and
social development/ mapping, social
livelihood projects and development programs;
research. Initiate IEC activities on
various issues relating to
health and poverty
Support the Engineer in
design of slum upgrading
programs
liaise with the Corporate
entities to market social
projects and monitor program
implementation
Finance Specialist Master in Business Assist PM in
Administration with Financial appraisal of sub
Financial Management or projects;
CA/ ICWA with sufficient Structuring of projects and
exposure to urban Management of project
infrastructure projects, finances
knowledge of capital
market issues.
Other Specialists as required
7.0 Key activities

Activity Description
Urban Slum Policy To be developed using a specialist with the
overall responsibilities with the social
development specialist and the Project
Manager.
Urban Poverty Assessment and To be lead by the PM, will involve finalizing the
Definition of the sub projects TOR in consultation with departments, procuring
an agency, review of outputs and assist BBMP
units in preparing designs and bid documents.
Sub-projects: In consultation with agencies/ units of BBMP:
transaction development and social Develop infrastructure projects,
development activities/ programmes area development projects and
social development programmes
Support BBMP in implementation of
BSUP
Other advisory services as Activities such as support for legislative
demanded by constituent amendments, market access support etc.
bodies/GoK28 Involve:
28
Such as Institutional Framework changes and amendments:
Framework for declaring an area for redevelopment scheme/redevelopment.
development of TORs,
preparation of outsourcing policies
organize events such as round tables,
workshops, seminars
Implementation of social Advise and oversee implementation of capacity
development Programmes building/ livelihood programmes etc directly by
BBMP or through Corporate Bodies
Design and develop PPP projects.
8.0 Other Requirements
The BBMP & CMAK would provide for space and services for the SAC to operate.
• Assessment of amendments to be brought about through the KTCP Act and the KMC Act. This includes the
required changes to be brought about in the municipal bye laws and zonal regulations.
• Framework changes for making BBMP/SAC/ Metro Planning Committee as Local Planning Authority for
declaration of the re development schemes.
• Action Plan for development of rental housing to be addressed.

City Managers Association, Karnataka
CMAK is a membership based professional body of City Managers’ and Urban
Planners, which works to strengthen and enhance the capacities of ULBs, UDAs
and Association members in Urban Planning, Management and Development.
We believe in effectively utilizing and encouraging the existing expertise in
urban development with a focus on innovative practices, trends and concepts.
Our Strategies
Our strategies revolve around peer exchange programs; information sharing

between cities and countries; professional development opportunities to local
officials and members of the Association; partnership and alliances with different
organizations, experts, researchers, practitioners, doers, thinkers and
implementers.
Advisory Support & Networking
We support ULBs by providing advisory and technical assistance in Municipal

finance, Infrastructure development, Project Management, Costing, Resource
mobilization and Research. We also facilitate project planning and
implementation and other selected areas of interest to ULBs.
Training & Education
Participatory, implementation-oriented training is our main focus area while we

endeavor to improve knowledge and skills for managing urban processes of
today.
Information Dissemination
CMAK follows a multi-dimensional approach by facilitating national, regional and

international workshops for capacity building. Seminars and city programmes
are organised. We bring about “City Manager” a quarterly publication with
information, analyses and perspectives on urban issues. We also develop and
disseminate working papers, best practices documentation and other
publications.

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73225

Public Disclosure Authorized

Cities Alliance Project Output

Final Report on City Development and Slum

Bruhat Bangalore Comprehensive Development and Slum

CDSUS Report, BBMP 1

City Managers’ Association Karnataka

CDSUS Report, BBMP 2

CDSUS Report, BBMP 3

Dr. Subramanya, IAS

CDSUS Report, BBMP 4

The Government of Karnataka (GoK) has by recent notification (December

CDSUS Report, BBMP 5

CDSUS Report, BBMP 6

Dr. Subramanya, IAS

Mr. Sandeep Dash, ICAS

Mr. Mukundan Krishnamachary

Mr. Gopi Prasad

Mrs. Renu Mukunda

Mrs. Sapna Swamy

CDSUS Report, BBMP 7

CDSUS Report, BBMP 8

BMP……………………Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike

CDSUS Report, BBMP 9

Bangalore is the capital of the Indian (Schedules Castes and Scheduled

state of Karnataka. Bangalore is India's Tribes). There are about 13.37% of

populous urban agglomeration. Christians in Bangalore. About 47.5% of

It is home to numerous public sectors the population in Bangalore comprises

such as heavy industries, software of women. Approximately 10% of the

companies, aerospace, population dwells in the slum areas of

telecommunications, machine tools, the city.1

heavy equipment, and defense City Summary

CDSUS Report, BBMP 10

CDSUS Report, BBMP 11

CDSUS Report, BBMP 12

CDSUS Report, BBMP 13

management will be an important CMC of

these opportunities and its objectives Dasarahalli

66.. The task involved in this exercise

CDSUS Report, BBMP 14

CDSUS Report, BBMP 15

Scale up delivery of civic amenities

1100.. Based on discussions with the

Strengthening poverty-related project

CDSUS Report, BBMP 16

CDSUS Report, BBMP 17

As these are estimates, intervention of

Karnataka Slum Clearance Board status is as given below in Table 2:

statistics indicate a level of 11%,

population at around 20-25%3.The and TMC

slums in Bengaluru City come under the Nooo... ooofff

CDSUS Report, BBMP 18

CDSUS Report, BBMP 19

CDSUS Report, BBMP 20

b. Access to land, infrastructure and

BOX1: THE BENEFITS OF POVERTY services

i. Creates an important opportunity terms of access to water, sanitation,

ix. Have several qualities that

CDSUS Report, BBMP 21