Final Proposal - CDP BDPA

Preface
Preface
Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area (BDPA), with its population of

about 14 lakh (2008) and covering an area of 419.1 sq.kms. forms part of
the Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Urban Complex (BCUC).
Bhubaneswar, of the BCUC region has been ranked as the 6th most
preferred destination for business investment from among 15 Indian cities
by World Bank. Moreover, it has the entire gamut of attractive factors
such as high decadal population growth rate, rising purchasing power,
high literacy rate, good road, rail & air connectivity, low cost of living and
a pool of qualified workforce to support all kinds of congenial business
environment. The area has all possibilities to emerge as a world class
city over the next two decades, provided her citizens have the self-
confidence, the political will and the determination to realize their
individual and collective potentials.
To back these aspirations, however, a more streamlined and

comprehensive developmental plan is essential as planning decisions
and policies till now are more towards sectoral and local level solutions
by various agencies like BDA and BMC for the Bhubaneswar region or
the CMC and CDA for the Cuttack region.
To address these issues and develop a holistic set of ‘growth guidelines’

for the entire region that emphasize on balanced development, the task
of formulating Vision-2030, a Comprehensive Development Plan for the
Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Urban Complex was entrusted to the Department
of Architecture and Regional Planning, IIT Kharagpur in 2005.
The sequence of planning process has followed the preparation of
(i) Socio Economic Survey Report for BCUC
(ii) Status Report: Perspective Plan for BCUC, November 2006
(iii) Final Proposal: Perspective Plan for BCUC, September 2007
(iv) Draft Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for

Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area (BDPA), August,
2008.
(v) Draft Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for

Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA), February 2009.
The Comprehensive Development Plan has started in the background of

all such documents and went into translating their provision. This
Proposal forms part of this Vision-2030, and focuses on the
Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area.
Final Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area
Preface
At the outset, the historical growth and genesis of the Bhubaneswar

Development Plan Area, along with its surrounding areas, were analysed.
The trends were established with a critical evaluation of the ones that
need to be pursued with, and the ones that need to be altered. An overall
vision for the region was next framed, keeping in mind that it must be
contiguous with the strategies to be proposed for its sister city, Cuttack,
which together form the entire Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Urban Complex.
Based on the systematic studies into various sectors of development, we

have emerged with a spatial framework of growing settlement pattern
earmarking 14 Planning Zones for the Bhubaneswar Development Plan
Area. This document outlines holistic development proposals and
guidelines for transportation, housing, physical infrastructure, social
facilities, tourism, heritage and conservation, environment and also
development management & finance for the BDPA.
It has been pointed out that this already important region would have a
significant role during the plan period. The predominant urban nature of
the region would continue unabated and the future population could
reach 30 lakhs, indicating an additional population of almost 16 lakhs,
whose needs and aspirations have to be adequately addressed.
Systematic studies into the region revealed the peculiarities, unique
features and the planning constraints. Future growth directions have
been identified and Future Township locations have been indicated,
which are expected to be of world class quality. Giving due recognition to
its natural endowments, eco-sensitive zones were also identified with
development guidelines. Most importantly, plans were drawn out for the
economic revitalization of the region. Industrial location policies have
indicated the location and type of future industries.
We find that a major boost in the image of the region is essential, which
would open up avenues for investment, further opportunities of
employment and consequently, raise the economy of the region. This can
only be achieved through promotion of entrepreneurship and
encouragement of innovations, leading to conscious social equity. There
has to be improved infrastructure and services, shelter for all, health and
hygiene, along with social amenities, encouraging development of the
body and mind with an ecologically sustainable framework. The
consultant group examined many important issues, but to transform this
area to a world class city region, BDPA needs to make a quantum leap
on two major fronts: economic growth and quality of life.
The entire exercise has stressed the need for participatory planning and
has been based on the priorities and aspirations of the stakeholders.
With the active participation of all the concerned departments, the
Comprehensive Development Plan when implemented is expected to
bring in balanced and holistic development in the region, open up major
avenues of investment, trigger collateral growth, provide opportunities of
Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Preface
employment, raise the quality of life of the people and boost the image of
the BDPA significantly.
The Draft Comprehensive Development Plan was subsequently notified

as a statutory obligation for holistic participation of one and all.
Objections and suggestions were invited from the various stakeholders. A
‘Board of Inquiry’ was set up by the BDA authorities to evaluate/review
the same. After receiving the feedback from the Board of Inquiry the
planning consultants have rationally evaluated and reviewed them
rationally and then finalised the Comprehensive Development Plan.
The Consultants would also like to put on record that the entire exercise
would not have been in its present form without the whole hearted
support of functionaries of the Urban Development Dept., Govt. of Orissa,
BDA and all the concerned departments, for collection of data and inputs
from the experts, duly acknowledged elsewhere.
We deeply acknowledge the patronage and personal interest of

Honourable Chief Minister of Orissa in the entire process of planning.
Prof. B.K. Sengupta
(Consultant In-charge)
Project Team
Prof. S. Chattopadhyay - Consultant
Prof. S. Sen - Consultant
Prof. S. Basu - Consultant
Prof. J. Barman - Consultant
Prof. A. K. Gupta - Consultant
Prof. T. N. Mazumder - Consultant
Ms. Raj Kunwar Nayak - Senior Project Officer
Ms. Gitali Mandal - Senior Project Officer
Mr. Prashob Raj - Senior Project Officer
Acknowledgement
The project team sincerely thanks the following organizations and persons,
whose support and active cooperation have contributed towards the completion
of the Status Report in its present form. The team also thanks all those who have
contributed towards completion of this report directly or indirectly, whose names
may not have been listed below.
1. Honorable Chief Minister, Government of Orissa

2. Honorable Urban Development Minister, Government of Orissa
3. Chief Secretary, Government of Orissa
4. Principal Secretary, Housing and Urban Development, Government of
Orissa
5. Special Secretary, Housing and Urban Development Government of
Orissa and Vice-Chairman, Bhubaneswar Development Authority (BDA)
6. The Director, Directorate of Town Planning, Govt. of Orissa,
Bhubaneswar.
7. Planning Member, BDA, Bhubaneswar
8. Associate Town Planner, BDA, Bhubaneswar
9. Mayor, Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation
10. Municipal Commissioner, Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation
11. Executive Engineer, Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation
12. The Chairman, Khurda Municipality
13. The Executive Officer, Khurda Municipality
14. The Chairperson, Jatani Municipality
15. The Executive Officer, Jatani Municipality
16. The Director, Directorate of Census Operation, Census of India,
Bhubaneswar.
17. The Chief Engineer, PHEO, Govt. of Orissa, Bhubaneswar
18. The Director, Airport Authority of India, Bhubaneswar
19. Bureau of Economics & Statistics, Govt. of Orissa, Bhubaneswar
20. Central Pollution Control Board, Orissa, Bhubaneswar
21. Deputy Director, Directorate of Culture, Govt. of Orissa.
22. The Director, Directorate of Tourism, Govt. of Orissa
23. RITES Ltd.
24. The Director, Directorate of Agriculture, Govt. of Orissa
25. The Director, Directorate of Veterinary & Animal Husbandry, Govt. of
Orissa, Cuttack
26. The Director, Directorate of Geology, Govt. of Orissa, Bhubaneswar
27. Assistant Engineer PHED, Orissa
28. Superintendent Engineer, PH Circle, Bhubaneswar
29. Orissa Remote Sensing Application Centre (ORSAC)
30. Spatial Planning and Analysis Research Centre (SPARC)
31. Mr. Biswajit Mukherjee, Architect
32. Mr. Manoj Chandra Dora, Architect Planner
33. Mr. Pritiranjan Behera, Project Associate
34. Ms. Sangita, Project Associate
35. Ms. Srijita Singh, Project Associate
36. Ms. Leena Sahoo, Project Associate
37. Ms. Vineeta Rath, Project Associate
38. Ms. Antara Goswami, Architect
39. People of Orissa

Contents
Foreword
Preface
Contents i-xi
List of Tables xii-xvi
List of Figures xvii-xix
List of Maps xx-xxi
List of Abbreviations xxii-xxvi
Executive Summary xxvii-l
Chapter – 1: Introduction 1-6
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Broad Objective of the Comprehensive Development Plan
1.3 The Vision
1.4 Planning Issues of BDPA
1.5 The Purpose of CDP
1.6 The Planning Process
1.7 Structure of the Report
Chapter – 2: Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area- An Overview

7-16
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Administrative Jurisdiction
2.2 Geographical Setting
2.3 Topography
2.4 Climate
2.4.1 Temperature
2.4.2 Rainfall
2.4.3 Wind
2.5 Soil
2.6 Water Resources
2.7 Forest & Flora Resources
2.7.1 Flora
2.8 Socio-Economic Characteristics
2.9 Nature of Development and Land form
2.10 Chronological growth of settlement
Draft Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area (BDPA)
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Contents
2.11 Economy
2.12 Traffic and Transportation
2.13 Housing
2.14 Physical Infrastructure
2.15 Social Infrastructure
2.16 Culture, Recreation and Tourism
2.17 Heritage and Conservation
Chapter – 3: Land Use & Land Ownership 17-30
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Existing Land use Distribution
3.1.1 Existing Land use/ Land cover of BCUC
3.1.2 Existing Land use/ Land cover of BMC
3.1.3 Existing Land use/ Land cover of Khurda Municipality
3.1.4 Existing Land use/ Land cover of Jatani Municipality
3.1.5 Existing Land use/ Land cover of BDPA Rural
3.1.6 Existing Land use/ Land cover of BDPA
3.2 Zone wise Land use Pattern
3.3 Zone wise Ownership Pattern
3.3.1 Source and Classification of Ownership
3.3.2 Description of Zone wise Ownership
Chapter – 4: Conceptual Plan 31-34
4.1 The BDPA
4.2 Structure of the CDP
4.3 Salient features of the CDP
4.3.1 Physical links
4.3.2 Development proposals
4.3.2.1 South and South West
4.3.2.2 East
4.3.2.3 Central
4.3.2.4 North
Chapter – 5: Demographic & Economic Perspective 35-50
5.1 The Population Perspective
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5.2 Population Projections
5.3 Economic Perspective
5.3.1 Existing Sectoral Profile of Local Economy
5.3.1.1 Primary sector activities
5.3.1.2 Secondary sector activities
5.3.1.3 Tertiary sector Activities
5.3.2 Future Profile of Local Economy
5.3.2.1 Primary sector Activities
5.3.2.2 Secondary sector Activities
5.3.2.3 Tertiary sector Activities
Chapter – 6: Traffic & Transportation 51-104
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Overview of Travel Characteristics
6.2.1 Vehicle Ownership Pattern
6.2.2 Travel Characteristics
6.3 Road Transportation
6.3.1 Regional Level and Local Level Linkages
6.3.2 Connectivity
6.3.3 Network Performance
6.3.3.1 Intersection Analysis
6.3.3.2 Mid block Analysis
6.4 Rail and Air Connectivity
6.5 Transit and Terminal Facilities
6.6. Parking Characteristics
6.7 Road Accident and Safety
6.8 Recommended Actions
6.8.1 Improvement of Transit Facilities
6.8.2 Augmentation of Road Network Capacity
6.8.3 Creation of Parking Facilities
6.8.4 Improvement of Passenger Terminal Facilities
6.8.5 Improvement of Freight Terminal Facilities
Chapter – 7: Housing & Slum 105-148
7.1 Anticipated Future Housing
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7.2 Future Housing Requirement in BDPA
7.2.1 Area Requirement for Housing
7.3 Ground Checking of Existing Housing Conditions
7.4 Existing Scenario and Trends
7.4.1 Household Distribution
7.4.2 Distribution of Household by type of Dwelling Unit
7.4.3 Floor Area per Household/Person
7.4.4 Ownership Pattern
7.4.5 Nature of Dwelling Units
7.4.6 Major Housing Providers
7.4.7 Housing Strategy
7.4.8 Re-densification of the planning units for compact growth
7.5 New Townships in the Pipeline
7.5.1 Future Housing Project of BDA (next five years)
7.5.2 Future Housing Project of Orissa State Housing Board (OSHB)
7.5.3 Future Housing Private Sector
7.5.4 Future New/Augmentation of Housing Schemes
7.6 Slums
7.6.1 Existing slums in BMC
7.6.2 Slums in other Municipalities
7.6.3 Slum Upgrading/ Development Approaches
7.6.3.1 Settlement Re-Construction
7.6.3.2 Settlement Relocation
7.6.3.3 Slum Networking
7.6.3.4 VAMBAY
7.6.4 Ongoing Slum Improvement Projects
7.6.5 Vision for Development of Slums
7.6.6 Slum Development Policy for BDPA Region
7.6.6.1 Objectives
7.6.6.2 Governing Principles
7.6.6.3 Strategy
7.7 Housing Policies and Programmes
7.7.1 Strategy
7.7.2 Housing/Rental policy
7.7.3 FDI in Townships
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7.7.4 Concept of SRZ and SRC
7.7.5 Concept of Personal Floors
7.7.6 Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
7.7.7 Housing Choice Voucher
7.8 Norms and Bye laws
7.8.1 Minimum setbacks & Height for non-high rise buildings
7.8.2 Minimum setbacks for high rise buildings
7.8.3 Floor Area Ratio
7.8.4 Height of Building
7.8.5 Parking Space
7.8.6 Provision of Lift
7.9 Integrated Township
7.9.1 Large Projects:
7.10 Multi-Storied Buildings and Group Housing

Schemes/Apartments: Additional Requirements
7.11 Cost of Development
7.11.1 Intensive Development Zone:
7.11.2 Extensive Development Zone:
7.12 Conclusion
Chapter – 8: Physical Infrastructure 149-196
8.1 Water Supply
8.1.1 Water Supply Scenario of BMC
8.1.1.1 Surface sources
8.1.1.2 Ground water
8.1.1.3 Water demand and supply
8.1.1.4 Raw water treatment and distribution
8.1.1.5 Supply coverage
8.1.1.6 Performance evaluation
8.1.1.7 Summary of the Present Scenario
8.1.1.8 Water scenario in Khurda (M), Jatani (M), and BDPA rural areas
8.1.2 Proposals
8.1.2.1 Proposals for BMC
8.1.2.2 Source Augmentation
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8.1.2.4 Action plan for water supply systems in Khurda, Jatani and rural
BDPA
8.2 Sewerage System
8.2.1 Existing Sewerage System in Bhubaneswar Development Plan

Area
8.2.1.1 Existing Sewerage System of BMC
8.2.1.2 Industrial discharge
8.2.1.3 Sewage Schemes
8.2.1.4 Summary of the existing sewerage system
8.2.1.5 Sanitation Scenario in Khurda, Jatani and Rural Areas of BDPA
8.2.2 Wastewater Management in 2030
8.2.2.1 Expected Sewage Generation in BDPA
8.2.3 Proposals for Implementation
8.2.3.1 The Background
8.2.3.2 Proposals
8.2.3.3 Treatment Options
8.2.3.4 The Sewage Treatment System proposed
8.2.3.5 Cost Estimates
8.3 Drainage
8.3.1 Existing drainage system
8.3.2 Pollution and drainage
8.3.3 Proposals
8.4 Solid Waste
8.4.1 Solid Waste Management Scenario of BMC
8.4.1.1 Solid Waste generation rate
8.4.1.2 The present scenario
8.4.1.3 The dumping sites
8.4.1.4 The existing scenario of solid waste management
8.4.1.5 Summary of present scenario
8.4.2 Proposals for Solid Waste Management in BDPA
8.4.2.1 Solid Waste Management System (SWM) - the need of the future
8.4.2.2 Assessment of Solid Waste generation
8.4.2.3 Action Plan for a Sustainable SWM Programme
8.4.2.4 Processing and Disposal of Solid Waste
8.4.2.5 Proposals for solid waste treatment
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Chapter – 9: Social Infrastructure 197-214
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Education
9.2.1 Present Educational Facilities in BDPA
9.2.2 Suggested Policies and Strategies for Education
9.2.3 Future Requirements for Education
9.3 Health Care
9.3.1 Present Health care Facilities in BDPA
9.3.2 Future requirements for health facilities
9.3.3 Suggested Policies and strategies for health facilities
9.4 Other Social Infrastructural facilities
9.4.1 Existing Scenario of other Social Infrastructural facilities in BDPA
9.4.2 Assessment of Future requirements for other Social

Infrastructural facilities in BDPA
9.5 Power
9.5.1 Present Scenario in BDPA
9.5.2 Future Demand
9.5.3 Bottlenecks
9.5.4 Vision for Development of Electricity generation and distribution
9.5.5 Power Generation Technologies from Renewable Sources
9.5.6 Renewable Energy at Local Government Level
9.6 Investment Proposal
Chapter – 10: Culture, Recreation and Tourism 215-238
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Policies on Cultural Development in BDPA
10.3 Policies on Development of Recreation
10.4 Policies on Development of Tourism
10.4.1 Integrated Approach and Strategy for Development of Tourism
10.4.2 Eco Tourism Development
10.4.3 Vernacular Art and Cultural Heritage
10.4.4 Tourist Accommodation
10.4.5 Tourist Travel Circuits
10.4.6 Database on Tourist Characteristics
10.4.7 Thoughts on Tourism Management
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Contents
10.5 Tourism and Recreational Development Proposals for the

various Planning Zones
10.5.1 Bharatpur: Planning Zone 12
10.5.2 Chandrasekharpur: Planning Zone 13
10.5.3 Sribantapur: Planning Zone 14
10.5.4 East Kuakhai: Planning Zone 15
10.5.5 Sisupal: Planning Zone 16
10.5.6 Bhubaneswar New Town: Planning Zone 17
10.5.7 Old Bhubaneswar: Planning Zone 18
10.5.8 Dhauli: Planning Zone 19
10.5.9 Aigania: Planning Zone 20
10.5.10 Tamando: Planning Zone 21
10.5.11 Khurda: Planning Zone 23
10.5.12 Barunei: Planning Zone 24
10.5.13 Jatani: Planning Zone 25
10.7 Conclusion
Chapter – 11: Heritage and Conservation 239-262
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Significant Heritage Areas
11.3 Existing State of Natural, Built and Cultural Heritage in Different

Zones within BDPA
11.3.1 Zone 16: Sisupalagarh and its adjoining area
11.3.2 Zone 18: Old Bhubaneswar
11.3.3 Zone 19: Dhauli and its adjoining area
11.3.4 Zone 20: Udayagiri and Khandagiri
11.3.5 Zone 24: Khurda Fort and Barunei Temple
11.3.6 Zone 25: Colonial and Cultural Heritage in Jatani
11.4 Issues
11.5 Proposal for Heritage and Conservation
11.5.1 Goals and policies
11.5.2 Tasks ahead
11.5.3 Constitution of Heritage Committee
11.5.4 Heritage Regulations
viii Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
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11.5.4.1 Enactment of Heritage Regulations
11.5.4.2 Enlisting of Heritage Buildings and Heritage Precincts
11.5.4.3 Enlisting of Intangible Heritage Resources
11.5.5 Grading of listed buildings/structures and precincts
11.5.6 Delineation of Heritage Zones and Procedure
11.5.7 Special Heritage Zones
11.6 Zone wise Detail Recommendations
11.6.1 Zone 16: Aitihasik Kshetra- Sisupalagarh and its adjoining area
11.6.2 Zone 18: Old Bhubaneswar - Ekamra Kshetra Heritage Zone
11.6.2.1 Delineation of heritage zones in Ekamra Kshetra
11.6.3 Zone 19: Sanskritik Kshetra (Dhauli and its adjoining area)
11.6.4 Zone 20: Udayagiri and Khandagiri and adjoining area
11.6.6 Zone 25: The Built Heritage in Jatani
11.6.7 Proposed Cultural Hub
11.7 Heritage and Tourism and - an integrated approach
11.7.1 Integrated movement network of heritage, tourism and recreation
11.8 Heritage Circuits and Heritage Trails
11.8.1 Heritage Circuit
11.8.2 Heritage Trail
11.8.3 Heritage Walks
11.9 Heritage Management & Organisational Structure
11.10 Conclusion
Chapter – 12: Environment and Disasters 263-278
12.1 Environmental Profile of Bhubaneswar
12.1.1 Air Environment
12.1.1.1 Sources of air pollution
12.1.1.2 Recommendations to control air pollution
12.1.1.3 Proposals to control air pollution
12.1.2 Water Environment
12.1.2.1 Sources of Water
12.1.2.2 Proposals to control water pollution
12.2 Need for Disaster Mitigation
12.2.1 Vulnerability Issues in BDPA
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Contents
12.2.1.1 Earthquake and Fire
12.2.1.2 Flood and cyclone
12.2.1.3 Environment and Public health
12.2.1.4 Traffic Congestion
12.2.1.5 Heat Wave
12.2.2 State Initiative and Objectives
12.2.3 Factors Enhancing Vulnerability
12.2.4 Proposals for Disaster Mitigation
12.2.4.1 Earthquake
12.2.4.2 Cyclone
12.2.4.3 Flood
12.3 Conclusion
Chapter – 13: Development Management and Finance 279-290
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Strategy for Plan Implementation
13.2.1 Projectisation and Packaging the Projects
13.3 Organisational and Institutional Profile
13.3.1 Inter-Agency Coordination
13.3.2 Creation of a Single Coordinated Body (BCUC Metro Authority)
13.3.3 Establishment of a Special Purpose Company (SPC) to

Implement the Plan
13.3.4 Involvement of Private Sectors
13.4 Urban Governance
13.5 Legislation
13.6 Land Use Policy
13.6.1 Development Zones and Use Criteria
13.7 Development Promotion Regulation
13.8 Financing Urban Development
13.8.1 Innovative Options for Resource Mobilisation
13.8.2 Revenue Financing Options
13.8.3 Non-Tax Revenue Generation through Commercial Development

of Properties
13.8.4 Non Tax Revenue Generation through Innovative Land Planning

and Development Control Regulation
13.9 Conclusion
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Chapter – 14: Future Land Use & Zoning Regulations 291-318
14.1 Future Land Use Proposal
14.2 Land Use Strategy
14.3 The Proposed Plan
14.3.1 Development Corridors
14.3.2 Hubs of Specialised Activity
14.4 Zones with Land Use Distribution
14.5 Zoning Regulations
14.5.1 Simplified Urban Land Use Zoning Regulations
14.5.2 Statutory Process for Zoning Regulations
14.6 Other Development Control Guidelines
14.7 Zone wise Village Components
Chapter – 15: Investment Plan 319-324
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Sector-wise Investment Proposal
15.3 Total Investment Proposal
Appendix 325-362
References 363-364
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Contents
List of Tables
Table 2.1 Blocks and Villages in BDPA

Table 2.2 Municipalities and Wards in BDPA
Table 3.1 Percentage share of Land use in BCUC

Table 3.2 Percentage share of Land use in BMC3.2: Percentage s
Table 3.3 Percentage share of Land use in Khurda Municipality
Table 3.4 Percentage share of Land use in Jatani Municipality
Table 3.5 Percentage share of Land use in BDPA Rural
Table 3.6 Area under BDPA
Table 3.7 Percentage share of Land use in BDPA
Table 3.8 Zone wise Land use Interpretation
Table 3.9 Zone wise Ownership Interpretation
Table 3.10 Developable Ownership Area of BDPA
Table 5.1 Projected Populations of Administrative Areas in BDPA

Table 5.2 Expected Population of Planning Zones in BDPA
Table 5.3 Expected Density and Growth rates in BDPA
Table 5.4 Area Allocation for Industrial Estates within Khurda District
Table 5.5 District wise Number of SSI Units Setup with Investment and
Employment
Table 6.1 Vehicle Registration Records for Bhubaneswar

Table 6.2 Vehicle Ownership Level
Table 6.3 Mode Choice for Travel in Bhubaneswar
Table 6.4 Work Trip Characteristics for Bhubaneswar
Table 6.5 Education Trip Characteristics for Bhubaneswar
Table 6.6 Shopping Trip Characteristics for Bhubaneswar
Table 6.7 Medical Trip Characteristics for Bhubaneswar
Table 6.8 Distribution of Roads According to Type
Table 6.9 Percentage Distribution of Villages/Wards by Availability of
Approach Road
Table 6.10 Summary of Intersection Traffic Volume Analysis
Table 6.11 Summary of Midblock Traffic Characteristics
Table 6.12 Percentage Distribution of Villages/Wards by Availability of
Local Transport
Table 6.13 Passenger Interaction at Selected Railway Stations
Table 6.14 Passenger Interaction at Selected Bus Stoppages
Table 6.15 Parking Accumulation of Bicycle, Two-Wheelers and
Car/Jeep
Table 6.16 Parking Accumulation of Para-Transit Vehicles
Table 6.17 Road Accident Records in Bhubaneswar
Table 6.18 Recommended Actions for Intersection Traffic Management
Table 6.19 Recommended Actions for Road Link Traffic Management
Table 6.20 Selected Off-Street Parking Locations
Table 6.21 Selected Para-Transit Parking/Terminal Locations
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Table 6.22 Proposed Tentative Investment Plan for Traffic and

Transportation
Table 7.1 Area and Population of BDPA

Table 7.2 Zone wise distribution of area, population and density
Table 7.3 Future Dwelling Unit Requirement in BDPA as per Population
Table 7.4 Current Housing Backlog
Table 7.5 Qualitative Housing Shortage
Table 7.6 Total Housing Requirement
Table 7.7 Different categories of Income Groups
Table 7.8 Housing area Requirement
Table 7.9 Housing character & Typology in BDPA
Table 7.10 Distribution of Households and Persons by Household type
in BDPA
Table 7.11 Distribution of Households By type of dwelling unit in BDPA
Table 7.12 Distribution of Households by total area covered of dwelling
units
Table 7.13 Households by type of possession of dwelling units
Table 7.14 Nature of dwellings
Table 7.15 Institutional Housing
Table 7.16 Re-densification of Planning units
Table 7.17 Future Housing Project of BDA
Table 7.18 Future Housing Project of OSHB
Table 7.19 Future Housing Private Sector
Table 7.20 Slums
Table 7.21 Slums
Table 7.22 Plot size wise permissible set backs and height of buildings
Table 7.23 Provision of Exterior open spaces around the buildings
Table 7.24 FAR as per Road Width
Table 7.25 Height Restriction with respect to Approach Funnels
Table 7.26 Cost of Development
Table 8.1 Details of the sources and capacity of the existing water
treatment system
Table 8.2 Details of the distribution mains and destinations of the
existing water treatment system
Table 8.3 A description of the water supply distribution system in
Bhubaneswar Municipal area with per capita water
availability
Table 8.4 Performance evaluation of water supply system in
Bhubaneswar as on 2008
Table 8.5 The distance of water sources (%) from individual
households- a comparative evaluation
Table 8.6 Recommended per capita water supply levels for designing
schemes
Table 8.7 Water demand in various zones of Bhubaneswar
Development Plan Area
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Table 8.8 Water demand in BMC, Khurda, Jatani and BDPA(rural)

areas of Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area
Table 8.9 Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of proposed water supply
distribution systems in 2030 for BDP areas
Table 8.10 Details of existing sewage treatment facilities available in
Bhubaneswar
Table 8.11 Existing sewage pumping stations in Bhubaneswar City
Table 8.12 A Performance evaluation of the existing sewerage system in
Bhubaneswar
Table 8.13 The average percentage of ownership of toilets among the
municipal and rural areas - a comparative evaluation
Table 8.14 The type of sanitation facilities (in average percentages)
available among the municipal and rural areas - a
comparative evaluation
Table 8.15 Sewage generation in various zones of Bhubaneswar
development plan area in 2008 and 2030
Table 8.16 Capacity of sewage treatment plants for the 14 zones of
BDPA
Table 8.17 The expected cost estimate of the proposed STP system for
Bharatpur, Chandrasekharpur, Sribantapur, Sisupal,
Bhubaneswar New Town, Old Bhubaneswar, Dhauli and
Aigania for 2030.
Table 8.18 The expected cost estimate of the proposed underground
sewerage system for Bharatpur, Chandrasekharpur,
Sribantapur, Sisupal, Bhubaneswar New Town, Old
Bhubaneswar, Dhauli and Aigania for 2030
Table 8.19 The expected cost estimate of the proposed sewerage
system in Khurda (M) and Barunei.
system in Tamando.
system in Jatani and Gangapada.
system in East Kuakhai.
Table 8.23 Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of proposed sewerage
and systems in 2030 for BDPA
Table 8.24 The features of major drainage lines of Bhubaneswar
Table 8.25 Design width of major drainage lines of Bhubaneswar
Municipal Corporation Areas
Table 8.26 The expected cost estimate of the drainage system in BMC
area
Table 8.27 Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of drainage systems for
BDPA
Table 8.28 Expected Solid waste Generation in various zones in 2008
and 2030 for Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area
xiv Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Contents
Table 8.29 Expected Solid waste Generation in BMC, Khurda (M), Jatani
(M) and rural area of BDPA in 2008 and 2030
Table 8.30 Details of the proposed transfer station and disposal sites in
various zones of Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area
Table 8.31 Proposed steps to be taken by Municipalities for storage of
solid waste
Table 8.32 Categories of Bio-Medical wastes
Table 8.33 Treatment and Disposal options of Bio-Medical Wastes
Table 8.34 The tentative costs of the proposed solid waste management
and treatment system at Bhubaneswar Municipal area
Table 8.35 Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of proposed SWM and
treatment systems in 2030 for BDP areas
Table 9.1 Recommended UDPFI Guidelines for Educational facilities

Table 9.2 Zone wise existing and future (2030) no. of facilities and their
area requirement for educational facilities
Table 9.3 Recommended UDPFI Guidelines for Healthcare Facilities
Table 9.4 No. of existing Healthcare Facilities (2006) and additional
requirement of facilities and recommended areas for 2030
Table 9.5 Recommended UDPFI Guidelines for Telecommunications,
Postal Services and Fire Service
Table 9.6 (A) Future requirement of Telecommunications, Postal
Services and Fire Service in BDPA
Table 9.6 (B) Future requirement of Commercial/ Cooperative Banks,
Recreational Hall (Cinema/ Auditorium) and Parks and
playgrounds in BDPA
Table 9.6 (C) Future requirement of Community Hall & Library and Music,
Dance & Drama Centre in BDPA
Table 9.7 Percentage of Households having Electricity
Table 9.8 Total Consumers in BCUC
Table 9.9 Category of Consumers in Bhubaneswar
Table 9.10 Category of Consumers in Khurda Electrical Division
Table 9.11 Zone wise Electricity Demand
Table 9.12 Present number of 11 KV sub-stations (2008) and future
requirement (2030) for BDPA
Table 9.13 Tentative Cost Estimate (In Crores) of Proposed Social
Infrastructural Facilities for BDPA
Table 10.1 Tourism Potential of BDPA

Table 10.2 Land Requirement and Cost of Development
Table 11.1 The Asta Ayatanas of Ekamra Kshetra

Table 11.2 Proposed activities and land use classification of various
Heritage Zones in BDPA
Table 11.3 Cost of Preservation and Promotion of Heritage
Table 12.1 Particulate Emission from Crushing operations

Table 12.2 Pollution load generated from the Industrial Estates
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Contents
Table 12.3 Emissions of air pollutants from vehicular and domestic

fronts in Bhubaneswar
Table 12.4 The range of average water quality of surface waters in
Kuakhai and Daya Rivers
Table 12.5 The range of average water quality of surface waters in
Major Lakes and or Ponds
Table 12.6 The range of average water quality of ground waters from
open wells and tube wells
Table 12.7 Factors Enhancing Vulnerability
Table 13.1 List of Uses, Activities, Use Premises Areas in BDPA
Table 14.1 Classification of Hubs

Table 14.2 Zone-wise Proposed Land Use
Table 14.3 Comparison of Existing and Proposed Land uses for Major
Categories of BDPA
Table 14.4 Land Uses Permitted, Permitted Under Special
Consideration & Prohibited In Different Use Zones
Table 15.1 Tentative Investment Plan of Traffic and Transportation

Table 15.2 Cost of Development for Housing
Table 15.3 Tentative Cost Estimate of Proposed Water Supply
Distribution Systems in 2030 for BDPA
Table 15.4 The Expected Cost Estimate of the Proposed STP System
for Bharatpur, Chandrasekharpur, Sribantapur, Sisupal,
Bhubaneswar New Town, Old Bhubaneswar, Dhauli and
Aigania for 2030.
Table 15.5 Tentative Cost Estimate (in crores) of Proposed Sewerage
Systems in 2030 for BDPA
Table 15.6 Tentative Cost Estimate (in crores) of Drainage Systems for
BDPA
Table 15.7 Tentative Cost Estimate (In Crores) of Proposed SWM and
Treatment Systems in 2030 for BDPA
Table 15.8 Tentative Cost Estimate (In Crores) of Proposed Social
Table 15.9 Land Requirement and Cost of Development for Tourism
Table 15.10 Cost of Preservation and Promotion of Heritage
Table 15.11 Sectoral Investment Plan for BDPA
xvi Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Contents
List of Figures
Fig 2.1 Aerial view of Bhubaneswar

Fig 2.3 Topographic Profiles of Orissa
Fig 3.1 Existing Land use of BCUC

Fig 3.2 Existing Land use of BMC
Fig 3.3 Existing Land use of Khurda Municipality
Fig 3.4 Existing Land use of Jatani Municipality
Fig 3.5 Existing Land use of BDPA Rural
Fig 3.6 Existing Land use of BDPA
Fig 3.7 Zone wise Land use Interpretation by PIE charts
Fig 3.8 Land Ownership of BDPA
Fig 3.9 Zone wise Ownership Interpretation by PIE charts
Fig 5.1 Projected Populations of Administrative Areas in BDPA

Fig 5.2 Expected Population of Planning Zones in BDPA
Fig 6.1 Growth of Two-Wheeler and Car in Bhubaneswar

Fig 6.2 Detailed road structure along with the hierarchy of the links
Fig 7.1 Shaheed nagar residential character

Fig 7.2 Shaheed nagar residential character
Fig 7.3 Satyanagar typical mixed land use
Fig 7.4 Satyanagar typical mixed land use
Fig 7.5 Bhoinagar Building Transformation
Fig 7.6 Ashoknagar Multistoried apartment building
Fig 7.7 Vast tracts of barren land in Dumduma
Fig 7.8 Government Quarter in Gopabandhunagar
Fig 7.9 BDA housing at Paikanagar
Fig 7.10 BDA core housing extension Jaydevvihar
Fig 7.11 BDA housing at Gadakana
Fig 7.12 Row housing: character of VSS Nagar
Fig 7.13 BJB Nagar residential character
Fig 7.14 Gautamnagar private residential
Fig 7.15 Core Housing by BDA
Fig 7.16 AWHO Housing
Fig 7.17 Chandrasekharpur BDA plotted housing scheme
Fig 7.18 Club Town by KZK
Fig 7.19 Govt quarters stretch (A)
Fig 7.20 Apartment Blocks-recent trend
Fig 7.21 Commercial land use near NALCO
Fig 7.22 Group Housing: Residential character on this stretch
Fig 7.23 Vast tract of vacant land exits in this stretch
Fig 7.24 Multistoried Housing on this stretch
xvii
Contents
Fig 7.25 Retail Commercial land use on the edge

Fig 7.26 Institutional development: predominant on this stretch (F)
Fig 8.1 Source of Water Supply in Bhubaneswar 2006

Fig 8.2 The percentage dependence of people on various types of
water sources in Khurda Municipality.
Fig 8.3 The percentage dependence of people on various types of
water sources in Jatani Municipality.
Fig 8.4 Expected dependence on different water supply sources in
2030 in BMC.
Fig 8.5 A comparative evaluation of water demand in 2008 and 2030
in BMC Khurda, Jatani Municipalities and rural areas of BDPA.
Fig 8.6 The expected wastewater generation in BMC in 2008 and
2030.
Fig 8.7 The proposed ASP treatment system for Bhubaneswar
Fig 8.8 A comparison of the anticipated solid waste production in
Bhubaneswar, Khurda (M), Jatani (M) and BDPA (rural) areas
of BDP in 2008 and 2030
Fig 8.9 The expected percentage composition of MSW in the planning
areas of BDPA
Fig 10.1 Famous Odissi Dance Recital

Fig 10.2 Traditional “Jhotie” in Raghurajpur
Fig 10.3 Appliqué Work of Pipili
Fig 10.4 Rabindra Mandap: State Level Auditorium at Bhubaneswar
Fig 10.5 Shanti Stupa at Dhauli
Fig 10.6 Nandankanan: Zoological Park at Bhubaneswar
Fig 10.7 Mukteswar Temple at Bhubaneswar
Fig 10.8 Bindu Sagar Lake at Bhubaneswar
Fig 10.9 Ancient Stone Sculpture on Temple wall of ‘Temple city’
Fig 10.10 Khandagiri and Udaygiri Caves at Bhubaneswar
Fig 10.11 Rajarani Temple at Bhubaneswar
Fig 10.12 Khandagiri at Bhubaneswar
Fig 10.13 A tourist trying a hand on ‘PATTACHITRA’
Fig 10.14 Famous Shri Jagannath Temple at Puri
Fig 10.15 Khandagiri and Udaygiri Caves at Bhubaneswar
Fig 11.1 Brahmeswar Temple – a protected heritage structure

Fig 11.2 Tinimundia Temple on a street corner
Fig 11.3 Excavation work in progress at the ancient city of Sisupalagarh
Fig 11.4 Sisupalagarh – old entrance
Fig 11.5 Encroachment in the vicinity of Sisupalagarh
Fig 11.6 A road in the proximity of Lingaraj Temple
xviii Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Contents
Fig 11.7 Old dharmasala Near Bindusagar accommodating modern

facilities
Fig 11.8 Initiative by INTACH for public awareness
Fig 11.9 Bindusagar Redevelopment by INTACH
Fig 11.10 Congested roads and unregulated built area
Fig 11.11 A neglected tank
Fig 11.12 Encroachments and haphazard character
Fig 11.13 Peace pagoda - Shanti Stupa at Dhauli
Fig 11.14 Excavated rock-cut caves
Fig 11.15 Lack of organized parking
Fig 11.16 Unsympathetic construction in close proximity
Fig 11.17 Entry to Khurda Fort
Fig 11.18 Entrance gate of Brundaban Chandra Oriya Matha, Garha
Khurda
Fig 11.19 Homage to local Heroes
Fig 11.20 Barunei Temple on Barunei hills, Khurda
Fig 11.21 Lack of Proper Infrastructure and Services forces picnickers to
squatter every where
Fig 11.22 Church interior – well preserved through local initiative
Fig 11.23 Water bodies and ghats are an integral part of heritage
precinct.
Fig 11.24 Somanath Temple, Bodapada, Jatani
Fig 11.25 Udayagiri Khandagiri to be designated as special heritage area
Fig 11.26 Khurda Garh –to be promoted as a special area
Fig 11.27 Under utilized colonial bungalow in need of rehabilitation
Fig 11.28 Mukteswar complex in Ekamra Kshetra
Fig 11.29 Need for improvement of roads in the core heritage area
Fig 11.30 Ekamra Van along the embankment of restored Bindusagar for
public amenities
Fig 11.31Traditional Settlement -Temple Well, Mangala Mandir, Garh
Khurda,
Fig 11.32 An ancient road from Garha Khurda to Barunei temple which is
not in use at present
Fig 11.33 Recommendation for adaptive reuse of unused Colonial
structures
Fig 11.34 Balamukunda Temple, Harirajpur, Jatani –unlisted heritage
Fig 11.35 A well preserved Church at Jatani
Fig 12.1 Wind and Cyclone Hazard Zones in Orissa

Fig 12.2 Earthquake Hazard Zones in Orissa
Fig 12.3 Flood Hazard Map of Orissa
Fig 12.4 Multi Hazard Zones in Orissa
Fig 14.1 Future zone wise land use interpretation
xix
Contents
List of Maps
Map 2.1 Administrative Units of BDPA

Map 2.2 Mouza Map of Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area
Map 2.3 Geographical settings of BDPA
Map 3.1 Existing Land use of BCUC
Map 3.2 Existing Land use of Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation
Map 3.3 Existing Land use of Khurda Municipality
Map 3.4 Existing Land use of Jatani Municipality
Map 3.5 Existing Land use of BDPA Rural
Map 3.6 Existing Land use of Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area
Map 3.7 Existing Land use of Bharatpur
Map 3.8 Existing Land use of Chandrasekharpur
Map 3.9 Existing Land use of Sribantapur
Map 3.10 Existing Land use of East Kuakhai
Map 3.11 Existing Land use of Sisupal
Map 3.12 Existing Land use of Bhubaneswar New Town
Map 3.13 Existing Land use of Old Bhubaneswar
Map 3.14 Existing Land use of Dhauli
Map 3.15 Existing Land use of Aigania
Map 3.16 Existing Land use of Tamando
Map 3.17 Existing Land use of Gangapada
Map 3.18 Existing Land use of Khurda
Map 3.19 Existing Land use of Barunei
Map 3.20 Existing Land use of Jatani
Map 3.21 Land Ownership Map of BDPA
Map 4.1 Conceptual Plan
Map 5.1 Zone wise Existing and Proposed population
Map 5.2 Spatial distribution of economic activities in BDPA
Map 6.1 Existing road network of BDPA
Map 6.2 Proposed road network for BDPA
Map 7.1 Nature, trend and condition of housing in the entire BDPA
Map 7.2 Future new/augmentation housing schemes
Map 7.3 Existing slums of BDPA
Map 8.1 Proposed Water Treatment Plants in Bhubaneswar
Map 8.2 Present sewer facility in Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation
area
Map 8.3 Proposed sewage treatment plants in BDPA
Map 8.4 Alignment of drainage channels in BDPA
Map 8.5 Proposed Solid Waste Treatment Plants and disposal sites in
BDPA
Map 9.1 Existing Social Infrastructural Facilities of Zone no. 13:
Chandrasekharpur
Map 9.2 Existing Social Infrastructural Facilities of Zone no.17:
Bhubaneswar New Town
xx Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Contents
Map 9.3 Existing Social Infrastructural Facilities of Zone no.18: Old

BBSR
Map 9.4 Existing Social Infrastructural Facilities of Zone no.20:
Aigania
Map 9.5 Proposed Social Infrastructural Facilities for BDPA
Map 9.6 Existing Power and Telephone-Telegraph Line of BDPA
Map 10.1 Major recreational locations of Bhubaneswar Development
Plan Area
Map 10.2 Proposed Major Tourist Travel Circuits
Map 10.3 Proposals for Major Centres of Tourist Attraction within
BDPA
Map 11.1 Significant Heritage Areas in BDPA
Map 11.2 Asta ayatana in Old Bhubaneswar
Map 11.3 Areas are declared as Special Heritage Zones
Map 11.4 Proposed Heritage District
Map 11.5 Aitihasik Kshetra- Sisupalagarh and its adjoining area
Map 11.6 Old Bhubaneswar - Ekamra Kshetra Heritage Zone
Map 11.7 Delineation of Core Heritage Zone, Intermediate Heritage
Zone and Outer Heritage Zone
Map 11.8 Proposed routes in Old Bhubaneswar: Ekamra Kshetra
heritage zone
Map 11.9 Dhauli Sanskritik Kshetra and its adjoining area
Map 11.10 Special Area Udayagiri and Khandagiri and its adjoining area
Map 11.11 Khurda Fort heritage area and Barunei Temple
Map 11.12 The Built Heritage at Jatani Colonial Area
Map 13.1 Four types of development zones identified for the of
Perspective Plan of BCUC
Map 14.1 Development Corridors with hubs of specialized activities
Map 14.2 Conceptual cities/polis in different zones of the BDPA
Map 14.3 Proposed Landuse Plan for Zone No 12: Bharatpur
Map 14.4 Proposed Landuse Plan for Zone No 13:Chandrasekharpur
Map 14.5 Proposed Landuse Plan for Zone No 14: Sribantapur
Map 14.6 Proposed Landuse Plan for Zone No 15: East Kuakhai
Map 14.7 Proposed Landuse Plan for Zone No 16: Sisupal
Map 14.8 Proposed Landuse Plan for Zone No 17: Bhubaneswar-New
Town
Map 14.9 Proposed Landuse Plan for Zone No 18: Old Bhubaneswar
Map 14.10 Proposed Landuse Plan for Zone No 19: Dhauli
Map 14.11 Proposed Landuse Plan for Zone No 20: Aigania
Map 14.12 Proposed Landuse Plan for Zone No 21: Tamando
Map 14.13 Proposed Landuse Plan for Zone No 22: Gangapada
Map 14.14 Proposed Landuse Plan for Zone No 23: Khurda
Map 14.15 Proposed Landuse Plan for Zone No 24: Barunei
Map 14.16 Proposed Landuse Plan for Zone No 25: Jatani
Map 14.17 Proposed Landuse Plan for BDPA
xxi
Contents
List of Abbreviations
AD Anno Domini
AAI Airport Authority of India
ADB Asian Development Bank
AG SQ Agriculture Square
AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences
ASI Archeological Survey of India
ASP Activated sludge process
ATO Approved Tourism Operators
B.C Before Christ

BCUC Bhubaneswar – Cuttack Urban Complex
BDPA Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area
BID Business Improvement District
BMC Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation
BMW Bio-Medical Wastes
BOD Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand
BOLT Built-Operate–Lease-Transfer
BOO Built-Operate-Own
BOT Built-Operate–Transfer
BPL Below Poverty Line
BSY Balika Samrudhi Yojana
CAT IIIB ILS Category 3B Instrument Landing System

CBD Central Business District
CBO’s Community Based Organisation
CDP Comprehensive Development Plan
CDPA Cuttack Development Plan Area
CDS City Development Strategy
CEO’s Chief Electoral Officer
CESU Central Electricity Supply Utility
CI Cast Iron
CIDCO City and Industrial Development Corporation
CO Carbon Monoxide
CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering
Organization
CREDAI Confederation of Real Estate Developers in India
CRPF Central Reserve Police Force
CRR Cash Reserve Ratio
cu.m, Cubic Metre
DFID Department for International Development

DLC District Level Committee
DO Dissolved Oxygen
xxii Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Contents
DPR Detailed Project Report

DPS Delhi Public School
DU Dwelling Unit
DWBC Daya West Branch Canal
EWS Economically Weaker Section
FAR Floor Area Ratio

FDI Foreign Direct Investment
FSI Floor Space Index
GA General Administration
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GFRP Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyster
GIS Global Information System
GL Ground Level
GTA Global Technical Advisory
ha Hectare
HC Hydro Carbon
HDFC Housing Development Finance Corporation
hh house hold
HHW Household Hazardous Waste
HIG High Income Group
HR/d Hours per day
HRD Human Resources Development
HUD Housing and Urban Development
HUDCO Housing And Urban Development Corporation Ltd
HCV Housing Choice Voucher
IDBI Industrial Development Bank of India Limited

IDCO Orissa Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation
IID Integrated Infrastructural Development
ILFS Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Ltd
INR INdian Rupee
INTACH Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage
IRC Indian Road Congress
ISO International Organisation for Standardization
IT Information Technology
ITER Institute of Technical Education & Research
ITES Information Technology Enabled Services
JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation

JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
xxiii
Contents
kg/ha Kilogram per Hectare

KIIT Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology
kmph Kilometre per hour
kms Kilometres
KVA Kilo Volt Ampere
LIG Low Income Group

LIHTC Low Income Housing Tax Credit programme
lpcd litres per capita daily
LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
M Municipality
MAV Micro Ariel Vechile
m.b.g.l meters below ground level
MBR Master Balancing Reservoir
m3/d Cubic metre per Diameter
MGD Million Gallons per Day
mg/l milligram per Litre
MIG Medium Income Group
MIS Main Interconnected System
MLA Member of Legislative Assembly
MLD Million Litres per Day
mm Millimetre
MNC Multi National Company
MNES Ministry of Non-conventional Energy sources
MoUs Memorandum of Understanding
MPN Most Probable Number
MSL Metre above Sea Level
MSW Municipal Solid Waste
MT Million Tonnes
MT/d Million Tonnes/Day
MTS Mass Transit System
MVA Mega Volt Ampere
NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development –

NAC Neighbourhood Advisory Council
NALCO National Aluminium Company Company Limited.
NaREDCo National Real Estate Developers Consortium
NBC National Building Code
NGO Non Governmental Organisation
NH National Highway
NHB National Housing Bank
NOx Nitrogen Oxide
NPK Nitrogen -Phosphorus-Potassium
NSDP National Slum Development Programme
xxiv Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Contents
NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation
O&M Operation and Maintenance

OBC Other Backward Classes
ODA Official Development Assistance
ODS Orissa Development Studies
OHPC Orissa Hydro Power Corporation
OPGC Orissa Power Generation Corporation
ORG Operations Research Group
ORSAC Orissa Remote Sensing Application Center
OSDMA Orissa State Disaster Mitigation Authority
OSHB Orissa State Housing Board
OWSSB Orissa Water Supply and Sewerage Board
popln Population
pp Population
PCU Passenger Car Unit
PESA Act Panchayat Extension to Schedule Areas Act
PET Polyethylene Terephthalate
PGCIL Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd
PHAs Public Housing Agencies
PHED Public Health Engineering Department
PPP Public-Private-Partnership
PRIs Panchayati Raj Institutions
PSU Public Sector Undertakings
PTIN Property Tax Index Number
PV Passenger Vechile
PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride
QOL Quality Of Life
RBI Reserve Bank of India

RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete
ROW Right Of Way
sq.ft. Square Feet

sq.kms Square Kilometre
sq.mt Square Metre
SC Schedule Caste
SDD Special Development Districts
SEZ Special Economic Zone
SHC Special Housing Corridor
SHG Self-Help Groups
SHZ Special Housing Zone
SJSRY Swarna Jayanti Sahari Rojgar Yojana
xxv
Contents
SOAU Shiksha O Anusandhan University

SPARC Spatial Planning & Analysis Research Centre Pvt. Ltd.
SPC Special Purpose Company
SPM Suspended Particulate Matter
SQ Square
SRC Special Residential Corridors
ST Schedule Tribe
STPs Sewage Treatment Plants
SW Solid Waste
SWM Solid Waste Management
SWOT Strength/Weakness/Opportunities/Threat
SWTP Solid Waste Treatment Plant
T/d Tonnes per day

T&D Transmission & Distribution
TDR Transfer of Development Right
UDPFI Urban Development Plans Formulation and

Implementation
ULB Urban Local Bodies
UNCHS United Nations Centre for Human Settlements
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
UASB Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
USAID United States Agency for International Development
UTI Unit Trust of India
V.L Vacant Land

VAMBAY Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana
VIP Very Important Person
WC Water Closet
WRD Water Resources Department
WTE Waste To Energy
WSP Waste Stabilisation Pond
xxvi Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Executive Summary
INTRODUCTION
The long term Perspective Plan for Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Urban

Complex prepared by the Department of Architecture and Regional
Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur),
provided vision to the anticipated development for the target year 2030.
Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) for Bhubaneswar Development
Plan Area (BDPA) is a statutory requirement. It translates the broad level
strategies prescribed into Perspective Plan document into implementable
medium term planning proposals. Main objectives of CDP are to prepare
up-to-date existing urban land use map as well as physical development
plan to regulate and guide the urban growth in the region.
The CDP envisages a major boost in the image of this region, terms of
quality of life, equity and eco sensitive planning, allocation of land
resource for future population, employment growth and transportation is
directed in such a manner that provides most efficient use of abundant
land resource yet ensuring protection of its natural resources and
preservation of diverse historical and cultural heritage.
With supportive government policies, BDPA is emerging as a centre for

all high-tech employment and acting as a magnet for new immigrants,
However, this has also resulted in low density urban sprawl replacing
farmland, marshy land and forest, unauthorized encroachment and traffic
congestions, water scarcity, inefficient sewerage system, housing back
log and inadequate social infrastructure.
A distinct north south divide is evident, with northern, affluent part of

BDPA in total contrast with slow-growing low dense south and south-west
area of BDPA Rural and Khurda-Jatani. The contrast is also evident in
planned township and unplanned parts of the BDPA region. This
indicates problem of unbalanced growth. Moreover farming community in
the intervening agricultural spaces is under tremendous pressure from
real estate developers. If left unchecked, the pattern of development in
this region will permanently affect its environmental assets. The
challenges of unequal or imbalanced growth of BDPA are to be resolved.
The goals, the CDP should address are improved mobility, accessibility
and transportation alternatives, promotion of a strong, sustainable
economy, provision of quality housing and adequate community facilities,
services and utilities. Moreover, provision of flexibility in development
design and control guidelines, availability of developable land and
adequate infra-structure, efficient and effective use of governmental and
non-governmental resources are prime considerations.
Final Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area (BDPA)
xxvii
Executive Summary
According to the Orissa Development Authority Act, 1982,

Comprehensive Development Plan shall define the various zones,
indicate the manner in which the land in each zone is proposed to be
used and phasing of development. Various aspects to be covered are
physical and socio-economic aspects, functional plans on various
sectors, financial aspect, administrative structures, zoning regulation with
specific emphasis on natural hazard prone zone areas, investment plan
and action plan, proposed land use plan translated over revenue map in
GIS format.
The Planning Process involved updating the maps and information

through discussion, research and public hearing. Through an iteration
process, all interested stakeholders have been involved and all sectors of
development were addressed.
The preparation of the Comprehensive Development Plan has been

based on assessment of the existing conditions and accounting for the
potential resources and constraints, status analysis and consideration of
the prime issues. Six stages of the plan preparation are - Stage-1:
delineation of BDPA into 14 planning zones, Stage-2: The study of
existing land use, Stage-3: subsequent identification of vacant land as
well as plot wise ownership (Public & Private) of the planning zone,
Stage-4: The allocation of types, quantum and distribution of land uses
and central functions, Stage-5: implementation mechanism, Stage-6:
the future land use plan and their zone wise distribution based on zoning
regulations for the 14 planning zones as per the ODA ACT.
Development cost of the CDP is organised through estimated investment
plan.
STUDY AREA AND ITS CHARECTERISITCS
In-depth understanding of the study area covers various natural and

man-made features, development trend and distribution based on
exhaustive survey and data compilation (the Socio-Economic Survey
Report and the Status Report of the BCUC planning area). Bhubaneswar
Development Plan Area (BDPA) has been formed by a process of
amalgamation and annexation of BMC, BDPA Rural, Khurda and Jatani
(Map-1). The planning area is transforming towards a new identity as a
major centre for information technology, educational and research
organisation.
xxviii Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Executive Summary
Physical characteristics - topography, soil condition, river system, natural

drains, reserve and protected forests have influenced the settlement
pattern. BDPA has emerged as a linear conurbation from north to south,
mainly because of restricted growth in the flood plains of eastern part
and reserve forests in the north western part.
Socio economic survey revealed that majority of families in BDPA belong

to nuclear family (52%), about 75% household own their residences, and
a huge majority reside in single storied houses (69%).There are some
193 slum pockets in BDPA.
Tertiary Sector activities are the major economic activities within the
region- primarily trade and commerce as well as service sector activities.
The low level of socio-economic development in rural parts of BDPA is
alarming and calls for immediate intervention.
BDPA region enjoys excellent connectivity with other adjoining regions of

strategic importance. However, the passenger transit option needs
improvement for greater interaction.
The existing water supply and sewerage system needs major

augmentation. The drainage facilities demands management that would
take advantage of natural slope and address the recurrent problems of
flooding, illegal encroachments, need of periodic maintenance, and
provisions of adequate land for future reconstruction and augmentation
activity.
The planning area is endowed with varied historical and cultural

resources from different historical periods. Bhubaneswar, often referred
to as a “City of Temples” is truly a cultural paradise and any tourist’s
delight, with magnificent temples and temple complexes like the
Mukteswar and Lingaraj, and ancient caves as found at Udayagiri,
Ekamra Kshetra - is a place of unique ‘living heritage’. Of the
innumerable historical structures and precincts in BDPA, mainly six areas
- Dhauli, Udayagiri and Khandagiri , Ekamra Kshetra , Khurda Fort and
the Colonial and cultural heritage at Jatani can be identified as areas of
significant historical and cultural values and deserve special attention.
With appropriate policy guidelines and heritage management, the cultural
resources of BDPA can not only promote tourism and boost local
economy but also be able to play a crucial and meaningful role in
projecting Bhubaneswar’s cultural identity. This will also contribute a
great sense of pride amongst the residents of BDPA and become a
touchstone for future development.
xxix
Executive Summary
LAND USE AND LAND OWNERSHIP
Present Land use of BMC, Khurda Municipality, Jatani Municipality and

BDPA Rural have been analysed in detail. It reveals that in spite of all
past efforts of Master Plan/ Interim Development Plan/ Comprehensive
Development, this planning region of BDPA has remained largely rural,
surrounded by vast agricultural hinterland, forest land, waste land and
water body as well as incompatible land use in parts (Map-2). The
structure of the capital city is predominated by gridiron pattern and has
lost its control. Mixed land uses are seen in most parts of the planning
area. Areas with sparse developed residential areas and encroachment
of non-residential activities can be utilized for wise use in future.
Land ownership is based on five different categories namely Government

Land, Temple/ Trustee, Government Reserved, Government forest and
Private. The compilation of the ownership data and their analysis shows
the land ownership in various zones. This has enabled the planning to
identify the land availability or capacity of each zone.
CONCEPTUAL PLAN
Based on a multi-criteria analysis, The BDPA is divided into four broad

categories - Extensive Development Zone, Intensive Development
Zone, Sensitive Development Zone, and Restrictive Development
Zone (Map-3).
Conceptual Plan is based on the prospects and potentials of the region,

its weak links in terms of physical connectivity, the possibility of economic
revitalization, the rejuvenation of the cultural heritage and also the issue
of sporadic and haphazard growth.
The Comprehensive Development Plan of BDPA is based on a vision to

create a world class city that will not only have high end activities and
centers of excellence, but also will have a distinct identity based on its
rich cultural background and natural resources.
Some of the Salient features of the CDP are:
• Strong connectivity through a system of Ring

Road/bypass encircling the entire BDPA, North South
metro corridors and transverse connection in east-west
direction.
xxx Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Executive Summary
• Availability of land - public land and uncultivated or less

fertile land has primarily been identified for locating new
activity centers.
• Two distinct traits of development - western belt of High

End activities and an eastern belt of Cultural Landscape
• New location of Airport and its impact on revitalisation of

Khurda and Jatani with proposed high tech corridors and
industrial hubs on the south eastern parts.
• Special housing zones and new townships
The vast stretch of low lying flood prone areas along the eastern
periphery at Sribantapur and Sisupalagarh has been identified as an
ecologically sensitive zone with limited development mainly for
recreation, tourism and cultural activities, as well as, agro-based
industries. In between the two major spines of development, the Capital
complex along with high end institutional and technical hubs, diplomatic
enclave, housing condominiums and townships forms a Central zone
serving the entire BDPA. On the northern western periphery,
Nandankanan forms a nucleus of high end world class recreation and
cultural activities like golf courses, festival grounds, nature trails, camping
sites (Map-4).
The spatial structure thus evolved will hopefully be the basis of an urban
area that will be able to ensure a better quality of life for its entire people
and put BDPA as a livable, enviable and a unique city of future.
DEMOGRAPHIC & ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE
The future population distribution is more than a mere projection of the

past trends or the past behavior of the demographic variables. Population
allocation for the 14 Planning Zones was done considering the
homogeneity of the geo-physical environment, the functionally integrated
areas (here, revenue villages) and the development potential of the
individual areas.
The three urban centers and adjoining rural hinterland comprising the
BDPA are at present varying in terms of levels of development. The
vision is to uplift the BDPA as well as the entire BCUC region to the
status of a State Capital Region and place it in the fast track of economic
development, through a planned and investment friendly atmosphere for
achieving a better quality of life. The effect of planned interventions on
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Executive Summary
population growth has also been considered and growth rate and future
proposed population density have been used to project the future
population of administrative areas in BDPA along with its 14 individual
zones The estimated population in 2030 will be around 20,00,000;
1,50,000; 1,30,000 and 7, 20,000 (approx) in Bhubaneswar Municipal
Corporation (BMC), Khurda Municipality, Jatani Municipality and BDPA
Rural respectively. The future gross density would be enhanced to a
figure of 29-30 persons per acre in the year 2030 from the existing 13-15
persons per acre. The East Kuakhai and Tamando regions are estimated
to have the highest growth rate (around 600%) followed by the
Gangapara (around 273%) and Aigania regions (around 253%) Tamando
shall accommodate an additional population of (4,49,300), followed by
Aigania (2,30,000), Chandrasekharpur (221500) and East Kuakhai
(2,00,000). This will address the need of a balanced growth between the
north and the south portion of BDPA. It is also expected that BDPA
region would be experiencing a paradigm shift in its economic and real
estate scenario. Bhubaneswar, characterised by low real estate costs,
availability of land for development, untapped manpower pool and rising
quality of life is a preferred option for most IT companies. Positive
economic growth has also translated in rising disposable incomes and
growing aspiration levels amongst new generation youth. This has been
further fuelled by the increase in size of 25-55 age group of earning
population and the emergence of double income, nuclear families.
Furthermore, Bhubaneswar region would certainly invite more migratory
young population mainly due to change in occupation, transfer of
services and also for better social infrastructure facilities. At the same
time to correct the imbalance in the present sex ratio and percentage of
child population active role of NGO’s need to be stressed in the right
forum.
The local economy of BDPA is passing through a major transformation

mostly from agrarian and traditional industry oriented economy to high-
tech service economy. The relative share of primary sector activities to
the local economy in terms of employment and income is expected to
come down with greater dependence on secondary and tertiary sector
activities. Large scale conversion of land and change in work force
absorption in high-wage non-primary activities will be the key reason for
this structural transformation.
Among primary sector activities, there will be larger stress on high value
farming, horticulture, floriculture, animal husbandry and livestock farming.
xxxii Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Executive Summary
Several food processing activities can also flourish based on these

activities to meet the local consumption demand.
A decline in manufacturing activities is observed within BDPA region.

Many of the industries have either stopped their operation or became
sick. Many of the industrial estates have failed to attract expected level of
industrial investment despite providing adequate infrastructure. There
has been a conscious effort to keep the polluting at bay from the BCUC
regions especially from the Bhubaneswar area and it is expected to
remain so in future. Huge expansion is contemplated in the industrial
sector primarily concentrating on the non-polluting sector i.e. electronics
and hardware manufacturing, auto components manufacturing and
assembly, engineering goods and allied industries, building materials and
components etc.
Knowledge based service sector will acquire the status of economic

mainstay. Growth of this sector will not only provide direct employment
opportunities but also create a huge scope for vast array of ancillary
services and associated indirect employment.
In the years to come, BCUC is expected to emerge as the regional

provider of health and educational services catering to the demand of the
Orissa and also to the neighboring states. Several facilities i.e. super
specialty health services along with medical college, national level
educational campuses, regional level sports education and training
campus etc. has been proposed in BDPA.
The phenomenal rise in IT, ITES and other service sector employment
will induce huge demand for residential floor spaces (group housing and
service apartments) followed by commercial floor spaces and institutional
spaces. Escalation of land prices has been astronomical in some of the
places mostly due to speculation – leading to a ‘real estate bubble’.
Though it’s very natural to experience a boom in real estate activities for
an upcoming urban center like Bhubaneswar, there is a need to deflate
the ‘real estate bubble’ which might otherwise lead to a slump in real
estate activities. This issue has been addressed by preparing a blueprint
to control and direct the speculative forces as desirable locations through
increase in supply of developed land with commensurate physical and
social infrastructure.
Trade and commerce functions will proliferate with increasing income and
spending pattern – mostly towards organised formal sector. Rise in
trading functions and rising affluence will also lead to growth of banking
and financial services.
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Executive Summary
Huge influx of domestic and international tourists owing to the rich

historical and cultural heritage of the region is expected to rise steadily in
coming years. This will lead to rapid expansion of tourism and enabling
service sectors - having multiplier effect on other urban activities such as
retail trade and commerce, hospitality services, transport services as well
as banking and financial services. In addition to this, proper development
of the hospitality sector will boost the rising business tourism activities.
TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION
Excessive reliance on private transit options has been observed for intra-
urban travel which will turn out to be the single most important influencing
factor in future. This will not only stress the capacity of the road network
and pull down the level of service but will also strain the parking
infrastructure and the local environment. Moreover, it will lead to further
deterioration of public/para transit infrastructure and reduced mobility for
the sections of people who cannot afford private transit modes. Planning
for mass transit facilities is the key step toward addressing these issues
and correct the existing distortion in the urban transit sector. Based on
the recommendations of the RITES Ltd., an alignment has been
proposed connecting all important urban centers within BDPA as well as
BCUC. Apart from this, it has also been observed that the existing transit
terminal facilities (both rail and bus) are inadequate to cater to the
anticipated demand. Augmentation of existing rail passenger terminal
and new regional level bus terminal facilities have been proposed near
Nandankanan to address these future needs (Map-5).
Looking at the air travel demand, it is anticipated that the present airport
will not be able to cater to the growing need for larger runway as well as
accommodating ancillary facilities. It has been suggested to find an
alternative location for a new airport just outside BCUC to address these
emerging issues keeping in view the proposed spatial allocation of
activities of regional importance within and outside BCUC.
Lack of connectivity between some parts of the BDPA with the

Bhubaneswar town has posed constraints to growth. The proposed road
structure with hierarchy of roads has aimed at providing connectivity to
the existing as well as the future growth nodes. Certain bypasses and
ring roads have been proposed to reduce interference between regional
and mixed traffic.
xxxiv Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Executive Summary
Goods transshipment facilities have been proposed at strategic locations

along these bypasses, NH and ring roads to improve the freight handling
and storage functions within BDPA. This will also reduce the interference
caused by the goods vehicle movement, parking, loading/unloading on
the passenger movement.
The traffic volume within the Bhubaneswar town is growing at a rapid

rate, evident from the growing congestion in many intersections and links.
A detailed prescription for intersection traffic management measures as
well as improvement of pedestrian and cyclist facilities has been
recommended to increase the mobility and reduce the accident risk.
HOUSING AND SLUMS
The BDPA constitutes around 58% of the BCUC area. It extends over
419.10 sq km against 721.9 sq km of the BCUC area.
The existing population of BDPA of around 13.7 lakh will reach 30 lakh by
the period 2030. This will mean an addition of around 16.3 lakh people.
With an average household size of 4.5 this implies an addition of 3.6 lakh
dwelling units. In addition there is a current backlog of around 15,000
dwelling units. If the qualitative shortage and obsolescence factors are
added to that, the total housing requirement for BDPA in 2030 is around
4.4 lakh dwelling units.
This illustrates the significance of this area as well as the magnitude of

the housing requirement that BDPA is likely to encounter, for which
adequate planning has to be done.
The housing strategy envisages:
i. Re-densification of the planning units for compact growth.
ii. Development of new housing colonies and new townships in the

extensive development zones. This will include apartments and
gated colonies, high-rise apartments in areas with relaxed height
norms and increase FAR provision.
iii. Augmentation of the existing housing schemes that are indicating

slow growth.
The planning units Chandrasekharpur, East Kuakhai, Aigania, Tamando

and Gangapada, earmarked for extensive development, will account for
almost 73% of the total quantitative housing shortage of BDPA.
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Executive Summary
It is felt that BDPA should have a compact development instead of a very

low-density spread-out type of development. This would be economical
from the infrastructure and high land value points of view. The future
density in the additional areas has been assumed to lie between 40
dwelling units per acre to 60 dwelling units per acre. Consequently, the
future housing area requirement is computed to be around 9200 acres.
It is expected that the BDPA will continue to see the growth of nuclear
families. An increased demand for rental housing in this area is
envisaged. Several measures will have to be taken to make rental
housing an acceptable proposition and also to make rental housing
affordable.
The joint and extended families in the Khurda and Jatani areas are likely
to split into nuclear families. Many of the members will move out within
and outside the region for employment. New activities proposed in these
areas will also attract in-migration to these areas.
The CDP assumes new roles to the BDPA rural areas. This will generate
a new scenario with a drastic increase in the pucca houses. A sizable
number of kutcha and semi-pucca will filter upwards, while new pucca
construction will far outweigh the kutcha construction.
It is anticipated that the BDPA will generate a significant demand for

housing in the 750-1200 sq ft range, owing to the growth in IT and ITES
sectors.
Khurda and Jatani are likely to maintain their low-rise built up character,
while the high escalation of land prices will see growth of multi storied
apartments and some condominiums in the Chandrasekharpur, Aigania,
Pokhariput and East Kuakhai areas. The BMC area falling in Stratum 2,
and identified as intensive development zone in the Vision 2030 will
probably see a rise in walk up type (G+4) dwelling units with heights up
to 15m. Part of this will be through new construction activity while re-
densification by addition of extra floors to existing dwelling units will also
rise significantly. It is also anticipated that smaller plots in the range of
500 sq. m will get amalgamated to accommodate new dwelling units in
the range of G+ 8 category.
Slums
The total number of slums in BDPA is 193. There are 47 wards in BMC
with 62 authorized slums and 131 unauthorized slums.
The future slum development policies would include:
xxxvi Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Executive Summary
i. Integration of slum and their communities into the urban area.
ii. Strengthening of legal and policy framework.
iii. Establishing of a framework for smooth implementation of policy.
The strategy to achieve this would include the following, among others:
i. Inclusive Approach to Definition of Slum/Informal Settlement
ii. Comprehensive Listing of Slums/Informal Settlements
iii. Registration of Slum Dwellers
iv. Identity Card provision
v. De-listing those settlements already provided with a certain level

of services.
vi. Classification of Land Status / Tenability
vii. Granting of tenure mainly on government land and negotiated

compensation on slums on private land.
viii. Resettlement and rehabilitation package
ix. Environmental improvement
x. Improving access to social services
xi. Economic empowerment
PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
The availability of safe drinking water, adequate in quantity to the

complete population can be rated as one of the most critical issues of
BDPA. The water supply system should cover the present ‘uncovered
areas’ to have 100% water supply distribution coverage, which may
reduce the operation and maintenance cost. The system should provide
a continuous 24 hour supply system with adequate pressure in the
distribution system even at the tail ends. In BMC, raw water intake
systems be designed and installed to have an enhanced water supply of
88 MGD. Suitable modifications are to be done to enhance the capacity
of the intake channels so as to provide the additional supply of 25 MGD.
The drinking water demand in Khurda, Jatani, and Rural areas of BDPA
in 2030 will be 200 MLD. It appears that in the absence of a centralised
water supply system majority of the people are depending on ground
water sources for long. But the increasing pollution of ground water
sources demands that people should be provided with safe drinking
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Executive Summary
water, necessitating treatment of water. The future water demand of the

municipalities Khurda and Jatani together with the Rural BDPA could be
met by River Mahanadi, River Daya, River Kuakhai and ground water.
There is an urgent need of master plan for water supply and its
implementation. The tentative cost of proposed water supply system for
BDPA is Rs. 1125 crores.
The level of infrastructure available for sanitation and drainage is to be

drastically modified for effective management. The implementation of a
proper wastewater management system is necessary to treat the huge
quantities future wastewater.
Since it is necessary to provide sewage treatment facilities for 480 MLD

of wastewater, a decentralised wastewater treatment system would be
more appropriate. The centralised sewage treatment system appears
inappropriate as it may end up with very huge sizes of sewers and
various issues of conveyance in handling this huge quantity of
wastewater. The possibilities of re-use of treated wastewater effluent for
irrigation, gardening etc. should be looked into. The construction of
treatment plants could be carried out in a phased manner on a
modular/zonal basis in the planning area consistent with the future
development/demand. The tentative cost of the proposed sewerage
system of BDPA is around 1246 crores.
The natural drains in most of the BDPA seem to be functioning like

sewers. The lack of proper sanitation and solid waste management
combined with indiscriminate dumping of solid waste in the drains lead to
diminish the carrying capacity of drains which cause flooding in many
areas and deserve immediate attention. More emphasis is to be given in
the management of drains which involves the prevention of flooding and
illegal encroachments, periodic maintenance, and provisions of adequate
lands for future reconstruction and augmentation activities. An organised
drainage system is invariably associated with the implementation of a
systematic solid waste and wastewater collection and treatment system.
It is proposed that the existing drainage alignment within urban area be
made permanent and also the natural drainage system be improved.
Hence, the BDPA demands a full fledged drainage system.
The drainage facilities provided are very poor in Jatani, Khurda and Rural
areas of BDPA. It is recommended that a drainage master plan for the
entire BDPA area should be prepared. Strict implementation of the
master drainage plan for these areas appears much essential. The
xxxviii Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Executive Summary
tentative cost of the proposed drainage system of BDPA is around 402

crores.
It has been felt that the solid waste management in BDPA is not in tune
with the rapid development of the area. The Municipal solid waste
management remains neglected. The total solid waste generation
expected in BDPA would be 1500 MT/day as on 2030. It is always
advisable to have decentralised compost plants for effective
implementation and better efficiency and can be located as per local
generation rates and availability of land. The situation demands a
comprehensive and sustainable solid waste management strategy for
effective implementation. The Ministry of Environment and Forests issued
the Bio-medical wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 which
were amended subsequently. The solid waste generation expected in
BDPA is very high, providing compost treatment facilities for this huge
quantum of waste, though essential, may not be practically possible in a
single phase. The tentative cost for the proposed Solid Waste
Management of BDPA is around 109 crores.
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
BDPA, being the most important capital region of Orissa state, will have
to provide education, health care and other social amenities for a
population of 30 lakhs in 2030. Data and studies indicate that social
infrastructure in BDPA has scope of improvement, both quantitatively and
qualitatively. The Government of Orissa has its own departments for
education and health, who prepare and execute plans for these services
for the entire state including areas covered by BDPA. Spatial allocation
and space requirements for education, healthcare, recreation and other
such social infrastructural facilities is a critical aspect wherein the
participation and involvement of the local administration is inevitable.
Higher level of growth is generally driven by innovation, level of education

and aspects of social infrastructure. Although the average literacy rate in
BDPA is higher than that of the other districts of Orissa, the educational
facilities in rural BDPA are to be improved significantly. A total of 591
additional facilities, 560.8 hectares of land and a capital of rupees 1123
crores are estimated to be required for the overall development of
educational facilities in BDPA region by 2030. The Government should
work very closely with the private and public sector to form an advisory
committee comprising representatives from all concerned for adoption of
city’s municipal schools to reduce dropout rates and form up-to-date
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Executive Summary
courses to ensure that its education and training system would meet the
tertiary needs, now and in future.
Adequate health infrastructure is a prerequisite for a progressive, healthy

society. The present number of beds is sufficient compared to the
standards, but an additional 31 hospitals and 25 nursing homes with a
total investment of 1300 crores would be necessary to match the demand
in 2030.The existing scenario indicates a greater access of city dwellers
to better health facilities than the rural population who need to travel long
distances to avail the Government health services. Moreover, these
facilities urgently need to be augmented with more sophisticated medical
equipments, implementing waste disposal autoclave, etc. NGOs and
CBOs should be given more responsibility in conducting various camps,
issuing medical cards and arrangement for bringing more workers under
medical insurance coverage. Increased public-private partnership in the
creation of diagnostic centers, improvement of medical equipments to
provide services to people at more affordable prices is required. New
trend of computerisation of all hospitals should be actively encouraged in
BDPA. The investment for health care facilities, will amount to an
estimated 1300 crores rupees.
Other infrastructural amenities like Telecommunication, Postal Service,

Power, Fire Service, Commercial/Cooperative Bank, Recreational Hall
(Cinema/Auditorium), Parks and Playground Community hall and Library,
Music, dance and drama Center are all estimated to add up to rupees
887 crores.
It is estimated that around 1334 MVA would be required to cater to the

energy demands of all households by 2030. In BDPA, there is huge
potential for power generation from the renewable energy sources, such
as wind, biomass and solar energy with special emphasis on generation
of grid quality power from them. Further, the use of renewable sources of
energy must be promoted through demonstration projects and awareness
programmes.
CULTURE, RECREATION AND TOURISM
Presenting immense scope for Religious, Culture/Heritage, Educational,

and Adventure based Tourism , as well as Eco-tourism, the BDPA has
tremendous possibilities to grow into an important cultural, recreational
and tourist destination. For this, a holistic approach focusing on the
preservation and propagation of culture, widening the spectrum of
xl Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Executive Summary
recreational offering and strengthening the places of potential tourist

interest is necessary.
Conservation and Development of Daya River and other historical water

bodies for Historical or Heritage Interpretation, activities like landscaped
sculpture gardens, peace park, light and sound programme, which would
generate an awareness towards historical importance of the place among
the local mass and tourists along with providing outdoor recreation must
be undertaken.Rural Representational Centers or Tribal Art and
Handicrafts centers can be developed for covering both the interest of
rural tribal folk and tourists.
For Educational Tourism, youth hostels, log huts, eco-trails, camping

sites, trailer parks may be developed in comparative remote locations
amidst natural surroundings with basic infrastructural facilities.
Picturesque, picnic/ outdoor recreational area with mountaineering, sky
diving facilities, camping sites, etc. can be developed at Barunei hills,
near Barunei temple and at Garh Khurda for Adventure Tourism.
Adaptive reuse of abandoned stone quarries and low-lying areas can be

planned for recreational development with creative landscape design
(both trees and shrubbery), water bodies as catchments reserves, natural
exposed rock strata along with minimum park accessories (like benches,
lighting etc.).
Sustainable approaches that are economically viable and socio-

psychologically acceptable characterize Eco-tourism and result in
integrated and holistic product development and capacity building in host
communities. Ecotourism also lends a sense and uniqueness of place
and exemplifies the commitment to the greening of the tourism industry.
Thus, development of low-lying areas in the southern eastern side of
BDPA area can be used for development of eco sensitive activities such
as Heritage Parks, theme parks, orchards, Herbal Gardens, Yoga
centers, low density tourist resorts etc. can promote Eco-tourism in the
region.
An Urban Parkway System connecting various parks with landscaped

structures along major circulation corridors at Bhubaneswar will add to
the beauty of this Koenigsberger planned city.
BDPA is surrounded by many potential places of tourist interest which

are proposed to be grouped into inter-zonal and intra-zonal Tourist
Circuits with supportive facilities like mode of travel, infrastructure,
facilities and services.etc, These shall be either Religious Tourism based,
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Executive Summary
Monument and Culture based, Buddhist circuit, Art and Craft, Tribal/
village tourism based, Wildlife, Ecotourism and Adventure or Weekend
and scenic area based.
As a service industry, tourism has numerous tangible and intangible

elements. Major tangible elements include transportation,
accommodation, and other components of a hospitality industry. Major
intangible elements relate to the purpose or motivation for becoming a
tourist, such as rest, relaxation, the opportunity to meet new people and
experience other cultures, or simply to do something different or have an
adventure.Thus “Good Host Training” to encourage friendliness,
increase awareness of Tourism and foster attitude of Oriya Hospitality
Culture in frontline people is essential. The whole setup must draw
inspiration from the National Tourism Policy 2002 in terms of Swagat
(Hospitality, Soochana (Information),Suvidha (Comfort),Suraksha
(Security),Sahyog (Co-operation) and Sanrachna (Infrastructure)
In BDPA, scope of Private sector participation has to be encouraged for

the augmentation and development of facilities and services like water
parks, theme parks, multiplexes, Star category hotels, Food courts, traffic
island development and maintenance, avenue plantation, sanitation and
solid waste management near tourist destinations. Thus a ‘new model’
can be derived to ensure optimum utilization of rich tourism resources for
creating new employment especially in rural or suburban areas. This is to
strengthen the already existing market for the rich and varied Orissan
handicrafts and to preserve and accelerate the contribution of tourism in
the socio-economic development of the BDPA. About 316 hectares of
land is required under tourism activities to cater for an estimated 30 lakhs
annual tourists and for an approx. investment of Rs. 580 Crores.
HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION
BDPA area is endowed with varied historical and cultural resources from
different historical periods. Of the innumerable historical structures and
precincts, mainly six areas emerge as most outstanding and deserve
special attention -1) Ekamra Kshetra, a living heritage city, 2) Dhauli, 3)
Udayagiri and Khandagiri - the twin hill of renowned cave temples, 4)
Sisupalagarh, the ancient palace of capital of Kalinga, 5) Khurda, the last
independent fort of India and 6) Jatani - an example cultural and colonial
heritage.
xlii Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Executive Summary
All these heritage sites are sensitive development areas and very much a
part of larger urban agglomeration of BDPA which is emerging as a major
capital complex with a global vision. However, the growth and
development of BDPA should neither stifle the great cultural heritage nor
evade its rich cultural legacy. It is also important to clearly establish the
future role of these diverse cultural and heritage resources in the
emerging and envisaged development scenario of BDPA. Moreover,
protection of heritage should not end up in converting a living heritage in
a ‘museum city’. Management of such heritage resources thus is
challenged by conflicting demands of conservation, economic
development and social equity.
A systematic understanding of the present status of these heritage areas

show that these areas have intrinsic opportunities to become a vehicle of
positive change and to restore a sense of cultural identity of the residents
of BDPA. With an aim of ‘living with heritage’, conservation policies
prescribed in CDP, have addressed dynamic interaction between cultural
heritage, society and the natural environment and is based on a unifying
process of value based heritage management.
It is suggested that following areas are declared as Special Heritage

Areas
Ekamra Kshetra (Zone 18), Sisupalagarh and its surroundings as

Aitihasik Kshetra (Zone16), Dhauli and its surroundings as Sanskritik
Kshetra (Zone 19), Udayagiri and Khandagiri (Zone 20), Khurda Fort and
Barunei (Zone 24), Cultural and Colonial Heritage at Jatani (Zone 25).
For each of the identified Heritage Areas, a Special Area Action plan is
needed so as to maximise the maintenance of significance through
‘management of change’. It is recommended that 1) identified Heritage
Areas are to be declared as important cultural sites of BDPA and
protected and preserved as Special Areas, 2) A detailed zonal
development plan must be carried out for each one of the identified
Heritage Areas . 3) It is necessary to prepare an inventory of all built,
cultural and natural heritage resources of the special area. The inventory
must include both protected and unprotected resources.
The special heritage areas have been classified as per conservation

measures, viz. preservation, rehabilitation, revitalization, infill or new
development areas, areas that need to retain and/or enhance townscape
qualities. Recommendations for the identified Special Heritage Zones
have been integrated with policies prescribed for tourism and recreation
with a focus on various activities like conservation interventions, visitor
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Executive Summary
management, infrastructure development and interpretations. Zone wise

detail recommendations in terms of permitted activities, movement
pattern, and broad regulations have been prescribed in CDP. Detail plans
must be prepared by respective development Authorities and
Municipalities.
The major cluster of proposed heritage areas along with the earmarked
Special Heritage Zones within the - Ekamra Kshetra (Old Town,
Bhubaneswar) Aitihasik Kshetra (Sisupalagarh and its surroundings) and
the Sanskritik Kshetra (Dhauli) along with the areas (along Daya canal)
has been proposed to be developed as the ‘Cultural Hub’ for the entire
BCUC area. Lands in Kukudakhai and Nuagaon, have been specifically
earmarked for new developments for tourists and pilgrims in close
proximity to the proposed Cultural Hub and act as a ‘Gateway to the
Cultural Hub’.
To ensure proper accessibility and connectivity to the heritage areas,

Heritage Circuits and Heritage Trails have been proposed. Development
of necessary facilities for tourists and visitors along these routes at
appropriate locations need to be encouraged.

economy but also be able to play crucial and meaningful role in projecting
Bhubaneswar’s cultural identity. This will also contribute a great sense of
pride amongst the residents of BDPA and become a touchstone for future
development.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
The quality of human life in the study area is impacted by the quality of
air they breathe, water they drink, and the environment they live in. It is
important to have meaningful interactions between the public, industries
and the authorities to provide sustainable alternatives to reduce the
industrial pollution and provide a clean air environment for healthy
habitations. The results of water quality analysis of drinking water
sources reveal that both surface and ground water require treatment
before supply. The water quality in Kuakhai, Bhargavi and Daya rivers
show a decreasing trend with lower quality levels at some points. Since
the waste loads from drainage channels ultimately finds its way to these
rivers, in general, care should be taken to see that the river is not polluted
above its carrying capacity. The open defecation in the rural and semi
xliv Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Executive Summary
urban areas may contribute to the surface water or well water pollution.
So, necessary steps may be initiated to construct low cost community
latrines in these areas especially in slum to solve these problems. A
detailed air quality analysis of the entire BDPA is to be done to identify
the most polluting and hazardous industrial units including the source
apportionment study for key pollutants, especially particulate pollutants
and NOx. Automobile emissions should also be given importance as
these are sources of direct ground level pollution. The city should be
equipped with sufficient number of auto emission testing centers where
the petrol and diesel driven vehicles could be tested and certified. Green
belt development and afforestation should be encouraged which may act
as sink for air pollutants. Target the particulate matter levels especially
re-suspension of road dust and soil dust. As far as possible convert the
unpaved pathways to paved pathways to minimize re-suspension of road
dust and associated particulate pollution levels. The control on industrial
pollution and conservation of water resources of the area are equally
critical in imparting the desired quality to human life.
Major natural disasters which Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area is

prone to are cyclones (Very High Damage Risk Zone-B, Vulnerability
Atlas of India 1997), earthquakes (Moderate Damage Risk Zone - MSK
VII of Earthquake) and flood. Lack of awareness of vulnerability and risk
is a major factor for enhancement of vulnerability in the region. Therefore
it is necessary to reduce the consequences of natural disasters by
Planning, Preventing and Preparing the major urban communities so that
the local capacity is strengthened and they are prepared to respond to
natural disasters.
Vulnerability to earthquake and fire has been aggravated by the

haphazard growth of the urban areas. Parts of the city, especially the old
town area is highly vulnerable to cyclones due to weak housing and poor
quality of infrastructure. In recent years due to regular deforestation and
heavy increase in the traffic of Bhubaneswar, the city has also been
experiencing increased pollution and higher temperatures. Overcrowding
of the city has led to traffic congestion, at times aggravated by
encroachments on both sides of the roads. Blockage of natural drains
through land reclamation has lead to the stagnation of sewer water at
various places, causing the spread of water borne diseases. Further,
open dump yards, lack of any proper drainage and covered sewerage
system and the use of old, unclean water tanks for bathing purposes all
add to the health hazards of the region.
xlv
Executive Summary
Although corrective steps can be undertaken to decrease the effects of

pollution and traffic congestion, natural disasters cannot be prevented.
Therefore, appropriate mitigation measures need to be taken to reduce
the extent of damage, destruction and human suffering. Building byelaws
must be suitably modified as per the guidelines of the National Disaster
Management Authority to mitigate earthquakes. High-rise buildings must
comply with standards set in the NBC. Creating an urban inventory,
thematic maps and queries will also help identify BDPA’s most vulnerable
areas and "what-if" scenarios and help in planning mitigation measures
such as retrofitting and relocation. Extensive redensification of urban
landscape (green belts, strip plantations etc.) afforestation and
restoration of forest land must be undertaken immediately to curb
pollution, decrease the impact of cyclones, and mitigate floods.
Development of a Disaster-Proof Living Zones with firebreaks, improved
roads, etc. must be undertaken. Various structural measures such as
dams, reservoirs, and embankments, and non-structural measures (like
mandatory submission of geotechnical soil report along with structural
design for all building proposals for sanction) may also be adopted for
flood mitigation.
DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT AND FINANCE
The plan proposals are statements of intention, or at best, a guiding

framework. The right kind of organisational arrangement and necessary
finances need to be put in place for successful implementation of the all
relevant and useful plans. Thus the intents need to be translated into a
set of implementable projects, which can be done in stages of
prioritization, suitable packaging and the phasing of implementation
determined. The proposed initiatives from project conception,
formulation, financing, execution and operation and maintenance through
the project lives are to be conceived or visualized, and the
organisation/institution would need to work in a coordinated manner.
The concerned agencies in the Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area

(BDPA) will be Bhubaneswar Development Authority (BDA),
Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (BMC), Municipalities of Khurda,
Jatani and BDPA Rural i.e. Panchayat Samitis. The task of
implementation of a dynamic plan demands a wide range of technical,
financial and management skills to be successful. Some of the relevant
issues concerning urban management are inter-agency coordination,
creation of a single coordinated body (BCUC Metro Authority),
xlvi Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Executive Summary
establishment of a special purpose company (SPC) to implement the

plan and the involvement of private sectors
The National Action Plan for Good Urban Governance (Government of

India & UNCHS) with specific focus on Participatory Planning Process
along with strengthening the local bodies have been accepted and
adopted by the State Governments. A right structure of governance
needs to be created with concerned agencies accountable for instituting
target setting and streamlining of the key processes. Also the
evolutionary process of development needs have been reflected in the
new legislation and amendments of existing legislation with necessary
consideration of the acts and rules in operation.
The land use policy has evolved by adhering to the requisites of

environment and has been formulated in favor of flexible land use, which
reaps the synergies between workplace, residence and transportation as
well as also between complementary vocations. Ideally land use should
be responsive to the dynamics of market. Four types of development
zones have been identified for the preparation of Perspective Plan for
BDPA namely extensive, intensive, restricted and sensitive development
zones.
The contents or proposals of the Comprehensive Development Plan

outlining the development of various areas suggested through Land Use
Zoning or Development Promotion Guidelines serves as legal instrument
for planning and execution. On the basis of the Urban Development
Plans Formulations and Implementation (UDPFI) Guidelines, 1996 of the
Ministry of Urban Development suggested simplified Development
Control Rules for the different Land Uses, an exhaustive list of activities /
use premises has been prepared.
The concept of Special Economic Zone is an innovative option of

resource mobilisation. Some of the areas can be brought under SEZ as
duty free zones for industrial, services and trade operations to attract
foreign investment and facilitate expeditious development. They will be
treated as priority areas in the provision of infrastructure, convergence in
statutory clearance, exemption from duties and levies as well as liberal
regulations.
Capital financing that usually figures in the current account of

development budget pertains to development of urban infrastructure
comprising civic services (utility) infrastructure, social infrastructure and
economic or commercial infrastructure. It is thus imperative to find out
means for enhanced revenue mobilisation by the concerned
xlvii
Executive Summary
infrastructure development agencies. Infrastructure financing agencies

insist on the cardinal principles of appropriate and innovative user-pay
instruments (beneficiary to pay) to ensure economic, financial and
technological sustainability.
Property tax, being the single largest source of revenue, adequate efforts
needs to be provided on this score. Special Development Districts (SDD
should be created to make major investment in infrastructure and
services and formulate different Development Control Regulations. There
should also be imposition of User Charges i.e., cost recovery through
direct charges to beneficiaries.
FUTURE LANDUSE PROPOSAL AND ZONING REGULATIONS
The Comprehensive Development Plan provides strategic framework for

land use planning in the Bhubaneshwar Development Plan Area (BDPA),
for shaping its future towards vision 2030. It sets out the spatial strategy
for 14 planning subzones as identified in the perspective Plan to address
the different needs of each area.
While analysing the innumerable complex variables involved in the

dynamic process of urban development, two interesting observations
have been made. Firstly, a unique and interesting phenomenon of
planning corridors has evolved and has been proposed as a series of
corridors BDPA namely Residential Corridor, Institutional Corridor,
Commercial Corridor, Industrial Corridor, Garland Lake System,
Transportation Corridor and Green Corridor (Map-6).
Secondly, the assessment of the allocation of the quantum of activity

distribution in the various zones has led to the creation of numerous
‘Hubs’ which have been proposed in compatibility to the existing and
proposed land uses in the various zones. Some of these unique concepts
are ‘Eco City’ in Bharatpur, ‘Knowledge City’ in Chandrasekharpur,
‘Heritage City’ in Old BBSR, ‘Film City’ in Aigania and ‘Satellite City’,
‘Health City’, ‘Science City’, ‘Diplomatic Enclave’, ‘IT City’ and ‘Central
Park’ in Tamando (Map-7). It has been observed that the various special
activities are proposed mainly due to the availability of large chunks of
government land, uninterrupted vacant land and landforms.
A study of spatial distribution of the proposed Comprehensive

Development Plan reveals specialised use in various zones. However,
the proposed aggregate land use distribution of BDPA shows Residential
land use as 33.7%, Commercial land use as 2.94%, Industrial land use
xlviii Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Executive Summary
as 4.18%, Public and Semi-Public land use as 12.65%, Utilities and

Services land use as 1.05%, Recreational land use as 8.74%,
Transportation land use as 14.58%, Agriculture land use as 14.05%,
Water Bodies use as 5.18% and Special Area use as 2.93% of the total
419.10 Sq. km of land area of BDPA (Map-8).
In order to promote public health, safety and the general social welfare of
the community, it is necessary to apply reasonable limitation on the use
of land and buildings. This is to ensure that the most appropriate
economical and healthy development of the city takes place in
accordance with the land use plan.
In the Bhubaneshwar Development Plan Area (BDPA), various use

zones viz. Residential, Retail Commercial and business, Wholesale
Commercial , Industrial, Public and Semi-Public, Utilities and Services,
Open space, Transportation, Agricultural and forest, Water bodies ,
Special Heritage Zones and Environmentally Sensitive Zones having
their location as indicated in the Comprehensive Development Plan shall
be regulated and guided. Thus a detailed list has been provided for the
‘Activities Permitted’, ‘Activities Permissible on application to Competent
Authority (with conditions’) and ‘Activities Prohibited’ for each of the land
use zones mentioned in the proposed CDP of BDPA.
Following the submission of the Draft Comprehensive Development

Plan as per the statutory requirements Objections & Suggestions on
the draft CDP were invited from various stake holders & a ‘Board of
Inquiry’ was formulated by the BDA authorities to review the same.
Reviewing the feedback received from the Board of Inquiry
rationally the planning consultants have finalised the Comprehensive
Development Plan.
INVESTMENT PLAN
The different sectoral plans that have been drawn up for achievement
over the period up to 2030 have given a rough estimate of investment to
be undertaken. Notwithstanding the fact that this is just an indicative
investment plan, it would be imperative to find out sources of enhanced
capital finances to be able to carry out the required investment. Again, it
has been a common experience that many of the capital expenditure has
not been sustained properly leading the delivery of services to suffer.
Therefore, sustenance of capital expenditure in terms of operation and
xlix
Executive Summary
maintenance of assets created becomes all the more important and this
calls for looking at the recurrent revenue options.
A summary of sector-wise investment plan for all the sectors covering

traffic and transportation, housing, physical infrastructure, social
infrastructure, tourism and heritage has been estimated. It is observed by
adding the sectoral plans through gross estimate the BDPA
Comprehensive Development Plan will require a total public and private
sector investment of around Rs.29560 crores during next 25 years.
However, of this total tentative capital investment amount for all sectors,
an approximate amount of Rs.15000 crores will be the public investment.
This fund will be raised through specially created BCUC Infrastructure
Fund. Balance requirement will be met from long term Loan, Capital
finance through devolution of fund, User Charges, increased and
Reformed Tax base and improved Collection.
l Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Introduction 1
Introduction & Broad Objectives
1.1 Introduction
Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area (BDPA) comprising of
Bhubaneswar, Khurda, Jatani and its adjoining rural areas, has a
population of 8.57 lakhs (according to the 2001 census) and stretches
over 419 sq.kms.
The Department of Architecture and Regional Planning, Indian Institute of

Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur), submitted the long term
Perspective Plan for Bhubaneswar – Cuttack Urban Complex and
provide vision to the anticipated development for the target year 2030 in
November 2006.
In the Perspective Plan, broad level strategies and policies on various

aspects of urban development were provided. To translate these broad
level strategies into implementable medium term planning proposals,
Comprehensive Development Plans are formulated within the framework
prescribed in the Perspective Plan document.
In this context Department of Architecture and Regional Planning, Indian

Institute of Technology Kharagpur had also been requested to prepare
Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) conforming to the statutory
requirements detailed out in ‘The Orissa Development Authority Act,
1982’, separately for Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area (BDPA) and
Cuttack Development Plan Area (CDPA).
It should be noted that the Comprehensive Development Plan for the

respective planning areas could only be initiated after receipt of the GIS
based land use map in 1:4000 scale by the ORSAC and also after the
interim framework of Perspective Plan for the Bhubaneswar - Cuttack
Urban Complex was accepted by the Government of Orissa.
Following the submission of the Draft Comprehensive Development Plan

as per the statutory requirements Objections & Suggestions on the draft
CDP were invited from various stake holders & a Board of Inquiry was
formulated by the BDA authorities to review the same. Reviewing the
feedback received from the Board of Inquiry rationally the planning
consultants have finalised the Comprehensive Development Plan.
1.2 Broad Objective of the Comprehensive

Development Plan
The purpose of the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) is to

provide further necessary details and intended actions in form of
strategies and physical proposals for various policies given in the
Perspective Plan depending upon the economic/social needs and
aspirations of the people, available resources and priorities.
The main objectives of the C.D.P. are:
1. To generate the up-to-date existing urban land use map of the area
1
1 Introduction
The Vision
using revenue maps and recent period satellite imageries using GIS
technology in 1:4000 scale.
2. To formulate a meaningful physical development Plan to regulate and

guide the urban growth in the region by 2030 A.D. in a planned and
healthy manner as per the provisions indicated in ODA Act, 1982 and
ODA Rule, 1983.
1.3 The Vision

BDPA stands unique, in the state of Orissa, as a major urban capital
complex and has always led the region in progressive action. The
Perspective Plan recommends a major boost in the image of this region
is essential, which would open up avenues for investments, opportunities
of employment. Keeping this in mind, we have the following vision for the
BDPA area in its CDP:
1. A region that is focused on the quality of life for its entire people must
be economically healthy, with a broad mix of employment
opportunity.
2. BDPA must capitalize on its unique geographical opportunity as a key

transportation corridor, as well as, a national corporate banking,
diplomatic enclave, unique research centers along with modern
industrial activities.
3. The CDP must show real commitment to providing equal opportunity

to all its citizens and government partners to share in its livability.
This means that in the design of its built environment, priorities
should be given to people’s conveniences, safety, mobility etc.
4. BDPA must continue to carefully preserve its historical heritage and

its cultural diversity.
5. In regard to natural environment, the BDPA must be especially

sensitive to protecting its natural resources like canals, forest, and
hillocks that provide a foundation for its livability.
6. The planning effort should make the most efficient use of the BDPA’s
abundant land resource in order to accommodate future population
and employment growth.
1.4 Planning Issues of BDPA

The Bhubaneswar Capital region of BDPA has been experiencing a
consistent population growth rate (40%), rapidly increasing population
density (2046 pp/sq.km.) and expanding workforce (38%) with high
literacy rate (85%) having a sustaining household size (4.9) all lending
momentum for creation of an investment friendly environment. It is
becoming a centre for all high-tech employment with its rising purchasing
2 Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Introduction 1
Planning Issues of BDPA
power in the IT sector. Above all, the government policies are becoming
progressive for acting as a magnet for new immigrants from neighbouring
districts.
However, BDPA is also experiencing the downside of this incredible

success. Low density urban sprawl has made its urbanized area grow
rapidly, replacing farmland, marshy land and forest with asphalts, sub-
divisions and low rise commercial areas. The street system are getting
choked with unauthorized encroachment and traffic congestions, water
sources and storage capacity appear to be insufficient for all future
demand, large part of the area having no sewerage system, backlog of
about 4,38,000 dwelling units including quantitative and qualitative
shortage. Khurda, Jatani region are long neglected from all kinds of
improved social infrastructure.
There is an often stark divide between the northern, affluent part of

BDPA, i.e. the Chandrasekharpur and part of Bhubaneswar Municipal
Corporation (BMC) Area and, slow-growing low dense south and south-
west area of BDPA Rural and Khurda-Jatani. It is a problem of
unbalanced growth between planned township and unplanned parts of
the BDPA region. Moreover agricultural activities are still going on in the
intervening spaces causing a lot of conflict between farmers and real
estate developers. The challenges of unequal or imbalanced growth of
BDPA are to be resolved. It is clear that the polarizing growth trends in
the BDPA region are hurting fast transforming villages and further
isolating the slow-growing communities. If left unchecked, the pattern of
development in this region will permanently affect its environmental
assets.
BDPA has one powerful tool to address its anomalous sprawl problem-
i.e creation of a Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Metro Authority (State Capital
Regional Development Authority) with a strong emphasis on all type of
public transportation as envisaged in the Perspective Plan. Therefore the
CDP should address the following goals;
1. Improve mobility, accessibility and transportation alternatives to

provide for the safe and efficient movement of people and goods
2. Promote a strong, sustainable economy
3. Provide quality housing for existing backlog and projected population
4. Provide adequate community facilities, services and utilities consistent

with the future land use plan
5. Provide flexibility in development design and control guidelines that

reflects the growing needs and desires of the community
6. Control the pace of development through availability of developable

land and adequate infra-structure
3
1 Introduction
The Purpose of CDP
7. Co-ordinate efficient and effective use of governmental and non-

governmental resources at all levels to improve the quality of life for
the citizens.
1.5 The Purpose of CDP
For Physical planning to be successful, it must develop a consensus on

sound principles while balancing the visionary with the realistic. It is also
the basis for taking day to day decisions on land use conversion that
follow an optimistic and hopeful long term vision. More pragmatically, the
CDP would create more job opportunity, raise aspiration, and contribute
to the entrepreneurial spirit of the people of capital city Bhubaneswar.
According to the Orissa Development Authority Act, 1982,

Comprehensive Development Plan;
1. Shall define the various zones into which the land covered by the
Comprehensive Development Plan may be divided for the purpose of
development and indicate the manner in which the land in each zone
is proposed to be used (whether by the carrying out thereon of
development or otherwise) and the stages by which any such
development shall be carried out;
2. Serve as a basic pattern of framework within which the Zonal
Development Plan of the various zones may be prepared.
Using the provision of the act and the rule of ODA, these will comprise of:
1. Reports on physical and socio-economic aspects
2. Preparing sets of functional plans supported by maps, charts and
diagrams on;
a. Land use
b. Traffic and Transportation
c. Housing
d. Public Utilities
e. Environmental Improvement
f. Education, Research and other community facilities
g. Plantations, city forests etc.
h. Heritage and Tourism
i. Management of water bodies
j. Financial aspect
k. Administrative structures
l. Zoning Regulation with specific emphasis on natural hazard
prone zone areas
3. Investment Plan and Action Plan
4. Digital proposed land use plan translated over revenue map in
GIS format.

Introduction 1
The Planning Process
1.6 The Planning Process
The process of developing a CDP required significant time to prepare

and update the maps and information through discussion, research and
public hearing. It is an iteration of various steps starting with assessing
existing condition, revising data base, developing new vision, forming
various management programmes, allocating budget and scheme
implementation. All interested stakeholders have been involved to ensure
incremental implementation of all the schemes for which the CDP
address the following sectors of development within the BDPA limit:
• Demography
• Economy
• Traffic & Transportation
• Housing & Slums
• Physical Infrastructure
• Social Infrastructure
• Culture, Recreation and Tourism
• Heritage and Conservation
• Environment
• Development Management
The preparation of the Comprehensive Development Plan started with

the assessment of the existing conditions and accounting for the potential
resources and constraints. Thereafter, development priorities were set
for the particular urban area taking into consideration of the socio-
economic needs.
The formulation of the Comprehensive Development Plan for the

development area started after status analysis and consideration of the
prime issues as indicated in the following six stages as stated below:
Stage-1: The Perspective Plan had delineated BDPA into 14 planning

zones considering mainly, drainage network, transportation network,
ground water prospect, vegetable index, land use land cover, physical
boundary and administrative boundary. These 14 planning zones were
then superimposed with the mouza boundaries and plot boundaries.
Stage-2: The study of existing land use of the 14 planning zones was
carried out. After the required land use study and analysis, the existing
central functions in the various zones were identified. This helped in the
assessment of the type and quantum of the various central functions and
land uses in the planning zones.
Stage-3: Subsequently identification of vacant land as well as plot wise

ownership (Public & Private) of the planning zones was carried out. Also
the potential locations for distribution of land uses/central functions in the
various planning zones were evaluated.
5
1 Introduction
Structure of the Report
Stage-4: The allocation of types, quantum and distribution of land uses

and central functions was estimated in various planning zones as per the
Perspective Plan.
Stage-5: Consisted of the implementation mechanism with respect to

legal, administrative & financial aspects. The aspects necessarily
included Fiscal Planning, Implementation Agencies, and Administrative
Planning reforms in the present setup/new administrative set-up for
BCUC and development rules & regulations for future growth of BDPA.
Stage-6: Prepared the future land use plan and their zone wise
distribution and subsequently formulated zoning regulations for the 14
planning zones as per the ODA ACT. Development cost of the CDP is
organised through estimated investment plan.
1.7 Structure of the Report
The Comprehensive Development Plan document of Bhubaneswar

Development Plan Area has been divided into fifteen chapters and
structured in a sequence to organise the Plan document.
The first chapter has explained the broad objectives, purpose and the
process of the CDP in light of the vision for the development of the
BDPA, with an overview of the planning issues in the area. The second
chapter provides an overview of the Bhubaneswar Development Plan
Area with respect to administrative jurisdiction, geographical setting,
topography, climate, soil, water resource, socio-economic characteristics,
nature of development and landform, chronological growth of settlement,
economy, traffic and transportation, housing, physical infrastructure,
social infrastructure, cultural, recreation and tourism and heritage and
conservation. The third chapter explains the existing land use & land
ownership in BDPA of all the 14 delineated planning zones as per the
Perspective Plan of BDPA. The fourth chapter outlines the Planning
Strategy of the proposed plan and integrates the Functional Structure for
the achievement of the same.
The chapters fifth to thirteenth give the policies of development and
sectoral plans of the various aspects namely Population & economic
perspective, Traffic & Transportation, Housing & Slums, Physical
Infrastructure, Social Infrastructure, Culture, Recreation and Tourism,
Heritage and Conservation, Environment and Development Management
respectively, because development in a comprehensive sense requires
improvement in socio-cultural, economic, administrative and physical
dimensions of a society. The fourteenth chapter outlines the Future Land
Use zoning regulations with the potential locations for distribution of
population, land uses and central functions in the various planning zones
through the assessment of the type and quantum of the various central
functions and land uses in the planning zones. While the fifteenth chapter
deliberates with the financial implication of the plan including suggested
guidelines of resource mobilization in the form of Investment Plan.

BDPA – An Overview 2
Introduction
2.0 Introduction
The planning process required an in-depth understanding of the study
area. Various natural and man-made features, development trend and
distribution, etc. are necessities that have adequate insight and
magnitude to the planning issues.
During preparation of the Perspective Plan, consultants has carried out

exhaustive survey and data compilation. The Socio-Economic Survey
Report and the Status Report has deliberated on the study area in
various forms and contexts.
In this chapter, a brief overview of the BDPA has been described here for
an independent reading of the report which is based on the Socio-
Economic Survey Report and the Status Report.
2.1 Administrative Jurisdiction

Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area (BDPA) is located in the Khurda
District of Orissa. BDPA forms a major part of Bhubaneswar-Cuttack
Urban Complex and is situated towards the southern side of the two
rivers Mahanadi and Kathajodi and towards the eastern side of
Chandaka reserve forest. It lies on the western fringe of the mid-coastal
plain of Orissa with an average elevation of 45 meters above the sea
level. Most part of the BDPA is covered with laterite soil.
Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area (BDPA), being a part of Orissa

State Capital Region and district head-quarter, has been formed by a
process of amalgamation and annexation of BMC, BDPA Rural, Khurda
Fig- 2.1: Aerial view of and Jatani.

Bhubaneswar
The total planning area comprises part of two part district viz. Khurda and
Puri. There are 3 part blocks in Khurda (Table-2.1). BDPA consist of 1
Municipal Corporation, i.e. Bhubaneswar (47 wards), other than 2
Municipalities namely- Khurda (22 wards), and Jatani (24 wards) (Table-
2.2, Map-2.1) besides 122 villages (Map-2.2).
The planning area is transforming towards a new identity apart from its
cultural heritage, as a major centre for information technology,
educational and research organisation and attracting a large numbers of
migrants both from its adjoining districts as well as from other parts of
India.
Table 2.1: Blocks and Villages in BDPA
District Blocks Villages

BMC 60
Jatani 13
Khurda
Khurda 10
BDPA Rural 122
Puri Pipili 3
Total 205
Source: ORSAC
7
2 BDPA – An Overview
Administrative Jurisdiction
Table 2.2: Municipalities and Wards in BDPA
Municipal Corp./Municipality Revenue Villages Wards

Bhubaneswar 60 47
Jatani 13 24
Khurda 10 22
BDPA Rural 122 0
Total 205 93
Source: ORSAC
2. 2 Geographical Setting
BDPA is situated in between 20°07’47” N to 20°24’42” N latitude and

85°35’31” E to 85°54’12” E longitude. The maximum breadth from east to
west is around 18 kms, while the maximum length from north to south is
about 34 kms. Being bounded by part of Barang block on the north; part
of Pipili, Jatani and Khurda block on the South; part of Bhubaneswar
Block on the west and part of Balianta on the east (Map-2.3).The total
area is bracketed between Chandaka reserve forest towards its west &
Kuakhai, Bhargavi and Daya Rivers towards its east there by forming a
linear conurbation from north to south.
Human settlements and activities are very much dependent on

geomorphologic settings. Indeed, the nature of topographic features
control land use. The development of various types of topographic
features is strongly controlled by the lithologic composition of the ground,
tectonic features developed in the rocks, climate & activity of many
geological agents.
2.3 Topography
Topographically, the planning area could be divided into two major parts
viz: western upland & the eastern lowland with the East Coast railway
line forming the divider line between the two broad units. With the ground
slope from west to east, the area has a natural advantage for drainage
(Fig-2.2).

Topography & Climate
Fig-2.2: Topographic Profiles of Orissa
2.4 Climate
The BDPA is situated to the south of the Tropic of Cancer and is located
in the coastal plains of Orissa for which it receives the moderating
influence of Bay of Bengal. As it is situated in the monsoon belt, the
climate of the planning area is mostly of monsoon type with slight
variation because of a strong maritime influence.
2.4.1 Temperature
The month of May is usually the hottest when maximum temperature
during the day time is even above 45°C. With the bursting of the south
west monsoon in early June, the day temperature drops appreciably but
night temperature remains comparatively high. December is the coldest
month of the year with the mean maximum temperature of 14.9°C.
2.4.2 Rainfall
The annual average rainfall varies from 1442-1497 mm. over the
planning area. The rainfall distribution can broadly be divided into two
main seasons viz. dry season (Nov-Apr) and wet season (May-Oct). It is
observed that 80% of total rainfall occurs between months of May-Oct.
The number of rainy days is 75 on an average.
2.4.3 Wind
The wind velocity is moderate throughout the year and it becomes
stronger during the south west monsoon. During the south west
monsoon, the average wind speed is 15 kms per hour and it drops to only
9
Soil, Water Resources
5-10 kms per hour in October. From October to January, the wind
direction is from North East to South West and the direction is reversed
during South West monsoon when it is from South West to North East.
During November to February, the prevailing wind direction is from North-
North East to South- South West.
2.5 Soil
Different types of soil are observed in different topographical,

hydrological as well as geological condition within the BDPA. The soil in
Bhubaneswar zone could be broadly classified into three types, viz.
laterite rock, laterite morum & alluvial ground & sand stones of varying
grain size and consolidation. The laterite ground having a good bearing
capacity of 1-5 Ton/sq ft., are suitable for small and large buildings.
Sandstone foundation is met both at the surface as well as below the

lateritic crust. They are most suitable for any construction having a safe
bearing capacity varying from 4-7 Ton/sq ft., whereas the area near
Kuakhai-Daya flood plain is mostly alluvial in nature and not suitable for
large construction.
2.6 Water Resources
The river system in BDPA includes the Kuakhai, Bhargavi and Daya
towards east. The other rivers, practically, dry up in the hot months.
There are also many tanks, wells, and swamps found all over the area.
Many natural drains in the area have now been converted to Nullah. To
name a few, nullahs such as Gangua, Buri, Chatra etc. which are the
natural drains carries the sewage and rain water run off from most of the
area. Puri main, Daya east and west irrigation canals are running from
north to south of the BDPA. The average ground water depth being 18-24
m.b.g.l. has the yield of about 45 cu. m. per hour. The iron content in
ground water is quite high in the whole area rendering it unfit for daily
consumption.
2.7 Forest & Flora Resources
In the old golden era, the Chandaka Dampada forest reserve was linked
with Bharatpur reserve forest of this day, which was known as Rampur
Bharatpur jungle. The Bharatpur reserve forest, Barunei hill reserve
forest and all other protected forests are located in the North Western
part and South- Western part of the planning region. The Forest area
covers 7966.16ha of the total BDPA area, or measuring 19.07%.

Forest & flora Resources
The entire area was once upon known as Ekamra Kanan, meaning a
forest of Mango. This shows that the area was rich in Mango plantation.
Apart from that, these forests were used to serve as Elephant Safari, for
which those forests were properly known as Chandaka Elephant
Sanctuary. All these forests have been extremely degraded.
Bhubaneswar city area once had a forest area of 54% (1930), which has
now been reduced to 3%, mostly covered with shrubs only. A number of
afforestation programmes were taken up to combat such phenomenon by
the Orissa Forest Development Corporation along with the State
Government.
2.7.1 Flora
The forest patches in the suburb of this region are covered with Ambo,
Bahada, Bela, Gamhari, Harida, Kadamba, Karanja,Kasi, Kendu,
Mahalimba, Nimba, Sal, Sisu, Sunari to name a few. The Bhubaneswar
area is dominantly having a cover of shrubs and grasses with Bana Malli,
Nila, Bana Tulsi, Begunia, Gandha Tulsi, Ganthi- Sahada, Pokasunga,
Satawari, Lajakuli, Madaranga, Vishnukarni, Kanta Baunsa, Guguchia
Duba, Kakudia Ghes and Kusa.
2.8 Socio-Economic Characteristics
The purpose of Socio-Economic Survey (2006) was to arise at a socio-

economic profile for the BDPA based on a household survey. This profile
of statistical information aids in the preparation of the Comprehensive
Development Plan. Major areas considered include, demography,
infrastructure, environment, socio-economic profile and other benchmark
information in the household sector in detail. It is not a factors study
alone but a need-driven and result oriented approach. Major findings of
the Survey are:
1. Majority of families in BDPA belong to nuclear family (52%).
2. Around 94% of household are Oriya speaking.
3. Around 96% of the populations are Hindu.
4. 68% belong to general category, 17% to OBC, 9% SC and 6%

ST category.
5. 63% of migration in BDPA is from within the state of Orissa, rest

account for migration from neighboring states and some even
from Nepal and Bangladesh.
6. About 75% household own their residences, and a huge

majority reside in single storied houses (69%).There are some
193 slum pockets in BDPA.
11
Socio-Economic characteristics
7. The urban area is largely electrified (93% hh) while 78% of

household in rural areas have electricity.
8. Around 34% household have own water supply taps.
9. 31% areas of Bhubaneswar are covered by sewerage

connection.
10. Average sex ratio in BDPA is 865.
2.9 Nature of Development and Land form
There are several factors that explain the north-south sporadic growth of
BDPA. The riverine system of Mahanadi and its tributaries has restricted
the growth of eastern part of Bhubaneswar. The large protected forest of
Chandaka has restricted the growth of Bhubaneswar towards west. The
land in BDPA formed under a distinct geomorphology and soil condition
consisting lateritic near Bhubaneswar surrounding, thereby restricting
large scale high-rise structure at every place. The slope of land is mostly
towards the river making the natural drainage easy. An overview of the
region depicts that the utilization of planned infrastructure is pretty low in
Bhubaneswar compared to Khurda and Jatani area. The population
density is very low and largely the planning area is rural in character.
2.10 Chronological growth of settlement
Bhubaneswar is a fast growing city. Due to the location of the reserve

forests in the north western part and the flood plains in the eastern part,
the city could not grow in the envisaged manner. The structure of the city
today shows more growth towards southwestern side of the city. The city
passed through various stages of growth, from temple town to Capital
town (1948-56), from unorganized sector to the development in
organized sector (1956-76) thereby reaching the present day
development of vast urban agglomeration. Each of the phases of growth
has left a distinct mark on the city’s profile.
Jatani is the Transport Node-cum-Tahsil Headquarter. It has achieved

the status of Municipality since 2.2.1999. Before hand, it was an N.A.C.
from 13.3.72. The main functions of the town are transport, storage and
communication, trade & commerce and services. It has enough scope for
industrial, institutional and commercial functions.
Khurda is the District Headquarter. It has achieved the status of

Municipality from 31.08.2000. But, it was an N.A.C since 12.07.60.
Services, trade & commerce and industry happens to be the main
functions of the town. The town has got ample scope for service,

Chronological Growth of Settlement
institutional & commercial sector development and to serve as a satellite

town to Bhubaneswar, the State Capital.
2.11 Economy
Primary activities like agriculture & livestock breeding are limited to the
rural pockets of BDPA. Secondary activities like manufacturing industries
due to lack of adequate incentives are gradually on decline in the BDPA.
Tertiary Sector activities are the major economic activities within the
region- primarily trade and commerce as well as service sector activities.
IT and ITES are the new upcoming economic activities which may give a
boost to the economic development of BDPA. Income levels are higher in
BMC area and exhibit greater degree of skewness. The low levels of
economic development in rural parts of BDPA are alarming and calls for
immediate intervention.
2.12 Traffic and Transportation
BDPA region enjoys excellent connectivity with other adjoining regions of

strategic importance – however, the passenger transit option needs
improvement for greater interaction. There exists significant level of
disparity within the BDPA region in terms of accessibility to major urban
centers, Bhubaneswar, Khurda and Jatani. At intra-urban level,
incapacity of the existing traffic and transportation network will create
serious constraint to its future growth. Traffic demand management will
play a key role as the role of supply management is near exhaustion. On
the other hand, Bhubaneswar enjoys variable level of mobility at different
parts of the city – old temple town being the most sluggish.
2.13 Housing
“Housing transcends much beyond the concept of physical and embraces

socio-economic components as well. Good housing is intrinsically linked
to good health and nutrition level, potential to better employment
opportunity, better living and, consequently, better livelihood. The
housing policies have shifted from ‘top down’ to ‘bottom up’ approaches
with components of people’s participation, especially for the poorer
communities”.
1. Nuclear families predominant in the BDPA in general and BMC in

particular. However, smaller urban areas of Khurda and Jatani,
extended and joint families are still a significant component.
13
Housing & Physical Infrastructure
2. In urban area, over 77% of the households live in Pucca houses,

but in rural areas, almost 30% households live in kutcha houses
and hutment.
3. A floor space per persons in BDPA lies in the range of 100- 200
Sq ft.
4. Almost 75% of households own their houses. Demand for rental
housing is significant only in BMC areas; in future this trend may
further rise.
5. Most people still prefer low rise housing, though the trend
towards multi-storied apartment is very slowly catching. It is
expected that in the plan period multi-storied apartment and
condominium will have significant rate of growth in the BDPA.
There is a growing trend of PPP in housing with major public
agencies like BMC and OSHB and this trend will continue. The
role of private developers in housing will significantly increase in
near future.
6. The BMC have some 193 slum pockets each where QOL is most
deplorable. A major scheme for upward filtering of these pockets
in lines with slum networking approaches VAMBAY, Site and
Services schemes needs to be chalked out.
2.14 Physical Infrastructure
Though the per capita supply of water in BMC exceeds the stipulated
drinking water supply guidelines, the present system of supply could feed
only a maximum of 55% populations. So, the present infrastructure
facilities for water supply demands augmentation. Since 40% of the
populations are using ground water, and that its quality is reported ‘at
stake’ at many locations, it becomes necessary to have a monitoring of
tube well waters to have a water quality assurance.
BMC is only partially covered with an underground sewage collection and

conveyance system and as a result majority of sewage flows through
open drains. River Daya, ultimately receives these huge pollution loads
and is functioning like a ‘major sewer’. Majority of the existing systems for
sewage collection and treatment are not functioning well. It is obvious
that the existing sewerage system needs major augmentation to almost
full extent to ensure full coverage of the population and future wastewater
generation.
The overall topography in the planning area provides a natural advantage

of drainage and the natural drains are aligned accordingly. Though the
pollution level of River Kuakhai and River Daya are not very significant,
the pollution loads from Gangua Nullah on River Daya are considerable
as it carries all discharges from these natural drains.

Social Infrastructure
The drainage facilities demands management of drains, which involve the

prevention of flooding and illegal encroachments, periodic maintenance,
and provisions of adequate land for future reconstruction and
augmentation activity. The absence of implementation master drainage
plan is visible.
2.15 Social Infrastructure
Social infrastructure includes facilities and measures for providing

education, health care, community development, and social welfare.
Major social policy concerns of the Government include the provision of
infrastructure services, fostering Government and community
partnerships, community capacity building, integrated service delivery
and social justice.
In spite of having a high literacy rate there exist a lot of disparity in terms
of social infrastructure among the various constituent units of settlement
in the BDPA region.
1. Educational facilities at primary and middle school level, both
quantitatively and qualitatively, are too meager in the BDPA rural
in comparison to BMC area and so also at the secondary level
and hence far from satisfactory.
2. Most of the health care facilities are located in BMC, leaving the
remaining area suffer from health care facilities.
3. Khurda and Jatani are long neglected from all kind of Social
infrastructure.
4. Large numbers of villages in BDPA have very little facilities and
hence rely heavily on BMC for day- to-day need.
2.16 Culture, Recreation and Tourism
Bhubaneswar, often referred to as a “City of Temples” is truly a cultural

paradise and any tourist’s delight, with magnificent temples and temple
complexes like the Mukteswar and Lingaraj, and ancient caves as found
at Udaigiri, standing testimony of its rich, artistic and cultural past. Varied
art forms have flourished here since millennia, be it the visual arts like
‘Patachitra’ paintings, sculptures, traditional and folk art, or its literature,
or the performing arts like the famous Odissi dance form or ‘Gotipua’.
A multitude of fairs and festivals dot the cultural calendar of the BDPA.
The Tribal Fair held at the end of January showcases the tribal richness
of the state of Orissa. Important local festivals like Shivaratri,
Ashokashtami and the Rath Yatra are prominently held at the Lingaraj
Temple.
15
Culture, Recreation and Tourism
Modern recreational centres like the famous Nandankanan (Zoological

and Botanical Park), Regional Science Center, and the BDA Nicco Park
offer many opportunities for recreation in the BDPA.
Moreover, Bhubaneswar, forms a “Golden Triangle” with the famous Sun

Temple in Konark and the abode of Lord Jagannath in Puri, a must in the
itenary of any tourist exploring religious or cultural centers.
Set against a backdrop of unique cultural heritage and richness, and with
a vibrant and progressive present, this region offers a million delights,
just waiting to be discovered.
2.17 Heritage and Conservation
different historical periods. During its long history stretching between 3rd
century BC to 15th century AD, Bhubaneswar region has seen
successive emergence of Buddhism, Jainism and Shaivism. Old
Bhubaneswar town or Ekamra Kshetra - a major Shaivite centre of India -
with more than 300 temple structures, sacred water bodies, traditional
communities of priests and craftsmen, continuing practices, skills and
crafts is a place of unique ‘living heritage’. Majority of the important
monuments and structures within BDPA are protected by ASI and State
Archeology. However, few areas, even after being declared as protected,
have been left as it is in a neglected state. Moreover, vast number of
historic monuments, sites and precincts still remain unprotected and
uncared for.
Of the innumerable historical structures and precincts in BDPA, mainly

six areas - Dhauli, Udayagiri and Khandagiri , Ekamra Kshetra , Khurda
Fort and the Colonial heritage at Jatani can be identified as areas of
significant historical and cultural values and deserve special attention.
All of these heritage areas are sensitive development areas and
management of such heritage resources is challenged by conflicting
demands of conservation, economic development and social equity. With
an aim of ‘living with heritage’, conservation policies must address
dynamic interaction between cultural heritage, society and the natural
environment. With appropriate policy guidelines and heritage
management, the cultural resources of BDPA can not only promote
tourism and boost local economy but also be able to play a crucial and
meaningful role in projecting Bhubaneswar’s cultural identity. This will
also contribute a great sense of pride amongst the residents of BDPA
and become a touchstone for future development.

Land Use and Land Ownership 3
Existing Land use
3.0 Introduction
Urban areas depicts the spatial structure through organisation and inter-
relationship of its use. Various parcel of the land put to different activities
is known as Land use. At any given point of time, Land use study will
communicate a reasonable understanding of the city structure and its
characteristics. It is essential to study the existing land use of any urban
area for accessing and evaluating its problem and prospect to initiate
necessary planning decisions.
3.1 Existing Land use Distribution
3.1.1 Existing Land use/ Land cover of BCUC
1971 onwards Bhubaneswar and Cuttack have been developed based on

the Master Plan/ Interim Development Plan/ Comprehensive
Development Plan for dynamic growth of economy, increased production
of goods and services, and to enable the Capital City to play its role as
the center of administration, institutions and tourism for the region within
the State of Orissa. In spite of all efforts, due to lack of planning, this
planning region of BCUC is largely rural, surrounded by vast agricultural
hinterland, forest land, waste land and water body (Table-3.1, Fig-3.1 &
Map-3.1). Even activities/functions with high potential for economy
generation have been poorly planned and managed. From the Land use
map of BCUC it is evident that a number of incompatible land uses are
formed, even within the city of Bhubaneswar. To mention a few;
wholesale warehouse areas at Rasulgarh, Burial ground at Satyanagar,
trenching ground near Khandagiri, poultry farms at Siripur and
Laxminagar, other than open slaughter houses and number of cowsheds.
The capital city was planned and built on a gridiron pattern. With the
process of time, the structure has lost its control and mixed land uses are
seen in most parts of the planning region.
The existing land use classification is based on the ORSAC supplied

data, as well as, adopted by the consultant while preparing the
Perspective Plan. It may also be kept in mind that this classification has
been amended or modified in the future land use planning as explained in
the zoning regulation of the CDP.
17
3 Land Use and Land Ownership
Existing Land use
Table -3.1: Percentage share of Existing Land use in BCUC
11.67% 17.57%
Sl. No. Land use % Area 0.98%

1.79%
1 Residential 17.57 14.70%
6.17%
2 Commercial 0.98
3 Industrial 1.78 4.87%
1.47%
4 Traffic & Transportation 6.17 1.27%
26.60% 12.94%
5 Public/Semi-public/Institutional 4.87
6 Utility & services 1.46
Residential
7 Recreational 1.27 Commercial
Industrial
8 Vacant Land 12.94 Transportation
Public/Semi-Public/Institute
9 Agricultural Land 26.60 Public Utilities
10 Vegetation/Forest Land 14.70 Recreational
Vacant Land
11 Water bodies/ Wet land 11.66 Agricultural Land
Vegetation/Forest Land
Total 100.00 Water Bodies/ Wet Land
Source: ORSAC 2006 Fig-3.1: Existing Land use

of BCUC
3.1.2 Existing Land use/ Land cover of BMC
Map-3.2 shows the present Land use of BMC. It reveals that the
residential areas are confined mainly between the NH-5 and S.E. Railway
line in a planned form, self contained neighborhood units. Old town to the
east of railway line have more of mixed land use. New settlements to the
west of NH-5 and in the north-west direction are all sparsely developed
residential areas having been encroached by non-residential activities.
The commercial areas occupying 1.71% are confined within each
planned units (Table-3.2). The market complex in Unit-2 and Unit-1
comprises of weekly and daily markets are considered to be the main
shopping center of the city. Wholesale warehouse activities are presently
continuing at Unit-2, Unit-3, and Station Road at Rasulgarh area. Other
than these areas, ribbon type commercial development exists along
Janpath and Cuttack-Puri road giving rise to traffic bottleneck and
congestion.
The land under the industrial use consists of Mancheswar industrial

estate, i.e. the area between Daya West Canal and the railway line and
the industrial estate near Chandaka. Most of the state level administrative
offices are located in Unit-5. Land under these uses along with
educational, religions and health institutions fall under the category of
Public-Semi-public constituting 7.46%. Large portion of existing Land use
i.e. 24.05% of total area lying in the north-west region are under
agriculture, forest and vegetation because of the undulating and hilly
topography. Even water body taking a share of 2.52% of the total area of
BCUC could be even utilized for wise use in future.

Existing Land use
Table -3.2: Percentage share of Existing Land use in BMC

1.67%
2.52%
21.85%
Sl. No. Land use % Area
4.34%
11.60% 1 Residential 21.85
12.45% 1.71% 2 Commercial 1.71
3 Industrial 2.40
22.80%
8.80% 4 Traffic & Transportation 8.80
5 Public/Semi-public/Institutional 7.46
1.86%
0.54%
7.47% 6 Utility & services 0.54
7 Recreational 1.86
Residential 8 Vacant Land 22.80
Commercial
Industrial 9 Agricultural Land 12.45
Transportation
Public/Semi-Public/Institute 10 Vegetation/Forest Land 11.60
Utility & services
Recreational 11 Waste Land 4.34
Vacant Land
Agricultural Land 12 Water bodies/ Wet land 2.52
Waste Land 13 Others 1.67
Water Bodies/ Wet Land
Others Total 100.00
Source : ORSAC 2008

Fig-3.2: Existing Land use
of BMC
3.1.3 Existing Land use/ Land cover of Khurda Municipality
Khurda Municipality, at the extreme south-west corner of BDPA, reflects

that the actual development is confined within 35% of the total municipal
area. Out of the total area, agriculture land, marshy land, hills, vacant
land, farm houses, orchards cover almost more than 62.46%. Residential
use is the most wide spread constituting only 13.40% of the total
municipal area, are located mostly in mouzas like Jajarsing, Khurda and
Gurujanga. Commercial use constituting only 0.72% are mostly formed
on sides of the National and state Highway, new bus stand, old bus stand
and main road areas. The land under industries occupies an area of
1.81% of the total area.
Till date, two industrial estates have been established i.e. one in mouza
Sanapala and another in mouza Mukundaprasad. Public and Semi-public
uses related to education, health, religion and government offices
constitutes about 2.52% of the total area constituting many institutions of
district, sub-divisional and block level at the central part of the town.
Except the National and State Highways, all the internal roads are mostly
narrow varying from 10’-0” to 40’-0” R/W. The municipal area does not
have an organised public ground as well as playground. There is an
acute shortage of recreational facilities too. Water bodies forming 1.06%
of the municipal area are utilized as the source of pisiculture (Table-3.3,
Map-3.3). However in absence of proper drainage, those water bodies
are getting unhygienic thus curbing growth of residential and other allied
functions.
19
Existing Land use
Table -3.3: Percentage share of Existing Land use in
Khurda Municipality
1.06% 1.19% 13.40%
4.27% 0.72%
Sl. No. Land use % Area
6.16%
2 Commercial 0.72
32.53% 0.28%
3 Industrial 1.81
0.43%
4 Traffic & Transportation 6.16
5 Public/Semi-public/Institutional 2.52 11.03%
24.60%
7 Recreational 0.43
Residential
8 Vacant Land 11.03 Commercial
Industrial
9 Agricultural Land 24.60 Transportation
10 Vegetation/Forest Land 32.53 Utility & services
Recreational
11 Waste Land 4.27 Vacant Land
Agricultural Land
12 Water bodies/ Wet land 1.06 Vegetation/Forest Land
Waste Land
13 Others 1.19 Water Bodies/ Wet Land
Others
Total 100.00
Source : ORSAC 2008 Fig 3.3: Existing Land use

of Khurda Municipality
3.1.4 Existing Land use/ Land cover of Jatani Municipality
Existing Land use pattern of Jatani Municipal area as presented in Map-

3.6, show that the town has in compatible admixture of land uses with
inadequate channels of circulation. The residential use constituting
15.85% has developed with major concentration in the core gradually
thinning towards fringe areas. The striking advantage of the location is
the Railway Junction which acts as the main contributing factor for
development of Jatani town. The commercial area occupying only 1.86%
of total area includes daily market, godowns and street shopping on both
sides of roads. The faulty location of industries scattered here and there
is creating unhealthy condition by discharging foul smell, fume and
smoke. Few educational institutions, hospitals of railway and government
offices are falling under the category of public-semi-public, occupying
only 1.35%. Jatani has no major organised open space like park or
playground. The entire municipal area has almost 55.37% of total area
devoted to agriculture land, vegetation/hills, water bodies and vacant land
(Table-3.4).

Existing Land use
Table -3.4: Percentage share of Existing Land use in Jatani
Municipality
2.85%
15.85% Sl. No. Land use % Area
1.23%
1 Residential 15.85
1.86%
4.25%
2 Commercial 1.86
17.11%
1.35% 3 Industrial 0.29
9.64% 0.85% 5 Public/Semi-public/Institutional 1.35
7.01% 6 Utility & services 0.22
37.49%
7 Recreational 0.85
Residential 8 Vacant Land 7.01
Commercial
Industrial 9 Agricultural Land 37.49
Transportation
Public/Semi-Public/Institute 10 Vegetation/Forest Land 9.64
Utility & services
Recreational 11 Waste Land 17.11
Vacant Land
Agricultural Land 12 Water bodies/ Wet land 1.23
Waste Land 13 Others 2.85
Others Total 100.00
Source : ORSAC 2008
Fig 3.4: Existing Land use

of Jatani Municipality
3.1.5 Existing Land use/ Land cover of BDPA Rural
The area covered by the BDPA Rural land, as per shown in Map-3.5, is a
clear indication to the fact that BDPA is an agricultural based city.
Maximum land area is covered by agricultural land, measuring 41.49%.
An addition to the greenery strip is the vegetation or the forest land,
which too occupies a major portion of the land area, i.e., 23.19%. 6.77%
of the total land area has been a part of waste land, which is particularly
due to the flood-prone areas (Table-3.5 & Fig-3.5).
Table -3.5: Percentage share of Existing Land use in BDPA Rural

1.71% 5.44% 0.13% 0.32%
2.93% 1.71%
1.34% Sl. No. Land use % Area
6.77% 0.10%
1 Residential 5.44
1.77%
2 Commercial 0.13
13.10%
3 Industrial 0.32
5 1.34
Public/Semi-public/Institutional
41.49%
7 Recreational 1.77
Residential
Commercial 8 Vacant Land 13.10
Industrial
Transportation 9 Agricultural Land 41.49
Utility & services 10 Vegetation/Forest Land 23.19
Recreational
Vacant Land 11 Waste Land 6.77
Agricultural Land
Vegetation/Forest Land 12 Water bodies/ Wet land 2.93
Waste Land
Water Bodies/ Wet Land 13 Others 1.71
Others
Total 100.00
Fig-3.5: Existing Land use Source : ORSAC 2008
of BDPA Rural
21
Existing Land use
3.1.6 Existing Land use/ Land cover of Bhubaneswar Development

Plan Area (BDPA)
The land use pattern of the Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area is the
summation of the existing Land use pattern of Bhubaneswar Municipality
Corporation, BDPA Rural, the Khurda Municipal area and the Jatani
Municipal area as presented in Table-3.7, Map-3.6. The agricultural use
occupies the major portion of the BDPA land, i.e., 30.07% of the land
spreading along the border of the BDPA area. The Bharatpur Reserve
Forest area is the second major land use, constituting of 19.07%. The
residential use constituting 12.40% has developed with major
concentration in the core. The commercial area occupying only 0.83% of
total area includes daily market, godowns and street shopping on both
sides of roads, and concentrates mainly in the Old Bhubaneswar area
and the New Bhubaneswar town. The industrial areas spread in the
Gadakana and Patia villages (Chandrasekharpur Zone) occupying 1.15%
of the total area. Government or semi government offices, educational
institutions, hospitals are falling under the category of public-semi-public
occupying only 3.57%.
Table-3.6: Area under BDPA
Sl. No. Areas Area (in ha)
1 BMC 14660.21
2 BDPA Rural 21719.34
3 Khurda 2973.05
4 Jatani 2574.57
BDPA Total 41927.17
Source : ORSAC 2008
Table-3.7: Percentage share of Existing Land use in BDPA

1.74% 12.40%
2.56% 0.83%
Sl. No. Land use % Area 6.41%
1.15%
3.57%
2 Commercial 0.83 19.07% 0.27%
3 Industrial 1.15 1.66%
4 Traffic & Transportation 4.67
5 Public/Semi-public/Institutional 3.57 15.60%
6 Utility & services 0.27 30.07%
7 Recreational 1.66
8 Vacant Land 15.60 Residential
Commercial
9 Agricultural Land 30.07 Industrial
Transportation
10 Vegetation/Forest Land 19.07 Public/Semi-Public/Institute
Utility & services
11 Waste Land 6.41 Recreational
Vacant Land
12 Water bodies/ Wet land 2.56 Agricultural Land
13 Others 1.74 Waste Land
Total 100.00 Others
Source : ORSAC 2008 Fig-3.6: Existing Land use

of BDPA

Zone wise Land use Pattern
The entire BDPA area has almost 25% of total area devoted to waste
land, water bodies and vacant land (Table-3.7). The major new
developments are being carrying out in the bordering villages of the
BDPA area, majorly covering areas of East Kuakhai (Zone 15), Aigania
(Zone 20) Tamando (Zone 21), Sisupal (Zone 16) and Sribantapur (Zone
14). Brick Kilns and other small-scale industries have been set up in
different areas, covering 1.74% of the total area.
3.2 Zone wise Land use Pattern
The spatial distribution of activities or Land use can be observed through

the zone wise information. It is interesting to find concentration and
specialization of activities in different zones.
A close study of this is summarised in the following text as well as in

Table-3.8.
Description of Zonewise Land use
• Bharatpur (Zone No.-12): The land use breakup shows a

maximum concentration of land (59.66%) under
Vegetation/Forest land category, where maximum land area is
covered by Bharatpur Reserved Forest. Second major use of
land represents the agricultural land (14.62%) especially in the
northern part of the zone area along the Jhamka Nullah. All other
land utilization represents less than 10% among which
Recreational land constitutes 9.03% mainly for Nandankanan
and vacant land 7.92% of the total zone area. Out of the total,
residential land use includes 84.84ha, of which, 85% represents
Village/Old Settlements/Basti (Map-3.7).
• Chandrasekharpur (Zone No.-13): Major land use categories

include Vacant Land 1276.77ha (26.70%), constituting a total of
601.64ha of land for the Plotted Land/Speculated Development
Vacant Land, Public/Semi Public Area/Institutional Vacant Land,
Residential Area and Other vacant land categories. The
residential land use represents 18.58% of total area, among
which Government. Quarters/Apartment/Flat constitutes of
181.53ha, Housing Scheme of 155.87ha, Plotted Residential
area of 226.76ha and a total area of 581.38ha constituting the
Slums/Squatters and Village/Old Settlements/Basti (Map-3.8).
• Sribantapur (Zone No.-14): The maximum use of the land is

concentrated over the Agriculture, which occupies 1448.61ha
(46.81%). The second major land use is of the Waste Land
containing 537.29ha (17.36%) of the land. The third major land
use category is the Vegetation/Forest Land, which occupies
10.79% of the land. It is preceded by Residential area covering
23
215.94ha (6.98%), from which the highest area is occupied by

the Village/Old settlements/Basti of 170.27ha (78.85%) (Map-
3.9).
• East Kuakhai (Zone No.-15): The major land use categories

include the Agricultural Land, comprising of 533.76ha (38.96%).
The Vacant Land containing 278.49ha (20.33%), of which,
275.04ha of land is under the Plotted Land/Speculated
Development Vacant Land and Other vacant land categories.
The Residential land, contained within 153.11ha (11.18%) of land
(Map-3.10).
• Sisupal (Zone No.-16): The Agricultural Land comprises of the

major land use category, comprising of 877.43ha (33.07%);
followed by area covered by Vacant Land of 534.94ha (20.09%).
The area of 303.74ha is comprised of the Waste Land forming
another major land use category (Map-3.11).
• Bhubaneswar New Town (Zone No.-17): The land use has a

maximum concentration of land (37.15%) under Residential land
use measuring 1479.61ha. It contains 751.80ha of land
comprised of Government Quarters/apartment/flat, housing
schemes, slums & of villages/old settlements/Basti. Second
major use of land represents the Transportation (17.00%).
Another main use of land is vacant land of 619.88ha (15.56%).
The Public/Semi-public institute comprises of 12.72% of the land,
measuring 506.73 ha. All other land utilization represents less
than 10%, among which Agricultural land constitutes 4.75% and
Recreational land of 3.29% of the total zone area (Map-3.12).
• Old Bhubaneswar (Zone No.-18): The maximum use of the

land is concentrated over the Agriculture, which occupies
744.13ha (40.42%). The Residential Land consists of the second
major land use category consisting of 417.02ha (22.65%) of the
land. The third major land use category is the Vacant Land,
which occupies 12.57% of the land. Waste Land covering only
152.35ha of land (Map-3.13).
• Dhauli (Zone No.-19): The major land use categories include the
Agricultural Land, comprising of 654.03ha (49.31%). The second
highest use is Vegetation/Forest Land containing 155.68ha
(11.74%) of total zone area. Waste Land, observed 138.28ha
(10.43%) of the zone area (Map-3.14).
• Aigania (Zone No.-20): The maximum use of the land is Vacant

Land, which occupies 1305.07ha (36.18%) of land. The vacant
land for Plotted land/ Speculated Development is covering
1149.94ha, Residential Vacant Land occupies 30.84ha and
Vacant Land within Public/Semi-public/Institutional covers
86.42ha. The second major land use is of the Vegetation/Forest

Land containing 883.59ha (24.50%) of the zone area. The third

major land use category is the Agricultural Land, which occupies
20.54% of the zone area (Map-3.15).
• Tamando (Zone No.-21): The maximum concentration of land

(46.52%) is under Agricultural Land use measuring
2728.32ha.Second major use of land is Vacant Land (16.92%).
The Vegetation/Forest area comprises of 13.49% of the land,
measuring 791.37 ha. Residential Land use constitutes 6.88%
and Waste land of 6.17% of the total zone area (Map-3.16).
• Ganagapada (Zone No.-22): The major land use category

includes the Agricultural land 1293.38ha (49.05%). The
Vegetation/Forest Land use is the next category occupying
694.45ha (26.34%) of the land in the zone. The Residential Land
use occupies 3.87% and Vacant Land has 5.03% of the Zone
area (Map-3.17).
• Khurda (Zone No.-23): The major land use category includes

the Agricultural Land, comprising of 652.50ha (39.49%). The
second highest land use is Residential Land use containing
354.15ha (21.44%), of which, 224.54ha of land is for the
Government Quarters/apartments/flats, Housing Scheme/ Slum
Squatters and Village/old settlements/Basti. The Vacant Land
use contains an area of 158.71ha (9.61%) (Map-3.18).
• Barunei (Zone No.-24): The maximum use of the land is

concentrated over the Vegetation/Forest Land, which occupies
1269.35ha (51.67%). The second major land use is the
Agricultural Land containing 565.71ha (23.03%) of the land. The
third major land use category is the Vacant Land, which occupies
180.17ha (7.33%). The vacant land for Plotted land/ Speculated
Development is covering 43.07ha; Vacant Land within developed
area covers 7.11ha of land (Map-3.19).
• Jatani (Zone No.-25): The maximum use of the land is

concentrated over the Agriculture, which occupies 965.26ha
(37.49%).The Waste Land consists of the second major land use
category consisting of 440.46ha (17.11%) of the land. The third
major land use category is the Residential Land use, which
occupies 15.85% of the land. Vacant Land covering 180.42 ha of
land (Map-3.20).
The zonal land use diversity is also reflected in the graphical presentation
(Fig. 3.7).
25
Zone wise Ownership Pattern
3.3 Zone wise Ownership Pattern
While preparing the Comprehensive Development Plan, it is necessary

to gather information of plot wise land ownership.The land ownership
record is very much important to the planners as it is the basis for good
administration, aimed at social justice through better implementation of
plans and proposals. The general theme underlying the content of all
plan documents has emphasized that land is an asset, which provides
the primary and secondary needs of the people. As most of the problems
of the people in the villages as well as in the cities are due to land related
issues, so to avoid those we have taken utmost care in creating the land
ownership database.
3.3.1 Source and Classification of Ownership
Under Act 11 of Orissa Survey and Settlement Act, 1958, it is stated

about the Power of Government to order preparations of record-of-right in
respect of lands in any local area in the state. The Naveen Patnaik
Government of Orissa has developed a site named ‘Bhulekh Orissa land
records Web Portal’ www.bhulekh.ori.nic.in for all people to view the
Record-of-Rights.
In BDPA, there are 205 revenue villages, and the plot by plot Ownership
of the land, of all those villages have been categorized into five different
Ownership groups. The followings are the five different ownership
categories:
1. Government Land
2. Temple/ Trustee
3. Government Reserved
4. Government forest
5. Private
The Government land category includes Abada Jogya Anabadi, Abada

Ajogya Anabadi and Sarvesadharana and all the land owned by various
Government departments like; Revenue, PWD, Irrigation, Agriculture,
Home, Police etc. The Temple and Trustee category includes the land
owned by Temple, Temple trustee, Schools and leased land. The
Government Reserved category includes the lands Reserved and
Reserved Unused of whose kissam is mostly Bagayat (1) & (2), Basti
yogya, Urban development in future, Patita, Gochara etc; which excludes
the Chhota Jungle and Patra Jungle. The Government Forest is
exclusively the land owned by Forest Department and the land in the
District Level Committee (DLC) report. Fig-3.8 exhibits a better
understanding of the land Ownership Records.

Land ownership
Government Temple/ Trustee Government Forest Private
• Temple • Forest Department

• Revenue • Temple Trustee • District Level
department • School Committee DLC
• PWD • Leased Land
• HOME
• Police
• Agriculture • Private
• Irrigation Government Reserved People
• Sarvasadharana
• Abada Jogya
Anabadi • Reserve Unused
• Abada Ajogya • Reserved
Anabadi
Fig. 3.8: Land Ownership of BDPA
The compilation of the ownership datas and their analysis is also

summarised in the following text. This has enabled the planning to
identify the land availability or capacity of each zone. Subsequently
prepared developement could be shaped and distributed.
A close study of this is summarised in the following text as well as in

Table-3.9. The zonal ownership diversity is also reflected in the graphical
presentation (Fig. 3.9 & Map-3.21).
3.3.2 Description of Zonewise Ownership
• Bharatpur (Zone No.-12): The ownership of the Bharatpur zone

is maximum under Forest Department, measuring an area of
2118.01ha, about 51.84% of the zone area. It covers the village
of Andharua (part), Bharatpur (part), Jaganathprasad (part),
Jokalandi (part) and Jujhagad. The Private ownership is
occupying an area of 1126.01ha and the Government owns
385.91ha of the land (27.56% and 9.45% of the zone area,
respectively). The village of Patharagadia, Syamsundarpur and
Sundarpur shows the ownership of both Government and the
Private.
• Chandrasekharpur (Zone No.-13): The major part of the

ownership is occupied by the Government with 2191.31ha. It
covers the villages like Bomikhal (part), Chandrasekharpur,
Damana, Jayadevvihar, Paik Nagar (part), Raghunathpur (part),
Samantpuri and Vanivihar. The Government reserved ownership
land covering 11.74% of the zone area is mainly found in Patia
27
and Gadakana (part) villages. The Private ownership measuring

1619.34ha (33.87% of the zone area) mainly observed in the
villages of Injana, Padasahi (part), Pandara (part) and
Raghunathpurjali.
• Sribantapur (Zone No.-14): The ownership by the Private group

forms the major part covering an area of 2061.65ha (66.62% of
the zone area). It covers almost all the villages such as: Balipara,
Barimund, Dhawa, Jhinkadihi, Kalyanpur, Kantania, Khairapara,
Krushnasaranpur, Marichia, Naubant, Ostapara, Padasahi (part),
Pandara (part), Rokat, Singra and Tangibant. It is followed by the
Government ownership over 24.34% area, measuring 753.17ha
of land.
• East Kuakhai (Zone No.-15): The ownership of the land is

owned primarily by Private, covering an area of 953.42a (69.6%
of the zone area); while the Government land covers 22.98% of
the land measuring 314.73ha of the zone land. The Private
ownership almost observed on all the villages, including
Banguari, Haridaspur, Jaepur, Johal, Naharkanta, Nakhara,
Pahala and Rudrapur.
• Sisupal (Zone No.-16): The Private ownership occupies the

major portion of the land by covering 1895.99ha, i.e., 71.45% of
the zone area. While the Government owns over 544.09ha, i.e.,
20.51% of the zone area. The villages containing majority area
as the Private ownership are Bankuala, Baragara, Basuaghai,
Govindprasad (part), Jharpara (part), Kesora, Koradakanta,
Lingipur, Meherpalli, Pandara (part) and Sisupal. The village of
Badadhanapur has mainly Temple/Trustee ownership.
• Bhubaneswar New Town (Zone No.-17): The Government

ownership over the land of this zone is a major percentage of the
land, measuring 2345.50ha (59.13% of the land).The villages
with their major portions of the land included within Government
ownership are Ashok Nagar, Bhimpur, Bhoi Nagar, Bhouma
Nagar, Dumuduma (part), Ganga Nagar, Kesari Nagar, Kharbel
Nagar, Lakshmisagar No.1, Lakshmisagar No.2, Madhusudan
Nagar, Nayapalli and Paik Nagar (part). Private ownership of
1062.53ha of area (26.79%), included within the area of Aiginia
(part), Begunia, Godagopinathaprasad (part), Jagmara (part),
Jharpara (part), Pandara (part), Pokhariput and Sahid Nagar.
The ownership by the Temple/Trustees includes an area of
2.62% of the zone area within the villages of BJB Nagar,
Bomikhal (part), Bapuji Nagar and Gopabandhu Nagar.

• Old Bhubaneswar (Zone No.-18): 69.81% of the zone land is

covered by the Private ownership, which measures
1285.05ha.The village included within the Private ownership are
Bhubaneswar, Ebaranga, Gautam Nagar, Hatasahi, Kukudaghai,
Mahabhoisasan, Mohanpur, Raghunathpur, Sarakantar and
Sundar Pada. Government ownership over 19.22% of the land,
covering 353.87ha of the land. Being the Old Bhubaneswar, it
includes the major areas that contain the old temples like:
Haripurpatna, Kapileswar, Kochilaput and Rajarani, an area of
123.61ha, covering 6.72% of the zone area.
• Dhauli (Zone No.-19): The major ownership category is the

Private ownership involving 60.91% of the land area, i.e.,
807.89ha of land. Government owns land area measuring around
333.39ha (25.14%). Private ownership and the Government
Reserved area observed in most of the villages, such as,
Gopinathpur, Jaganathpur Patna, Kausalyapur, Krushnapur and
Nakhaurpatna.
• Aigania (Zone No.-20): The Private ownership is the major

share of the land area, measuring 1635.70ha (45.34% of the land
area). The major villages included are Aiginia (part), Andharua
(part) and Shankarpur. Most of the rest of the villages have
Government Forest and Government. Reserved area like:
Bharatpur (part), Dumuduma (part), Jaganathprasad (part),
Jagmara (part), Jokalandi (part) and Malipada.
• Tamando (Zone No.-21): The Private Ownership is found

maximum measuring 3843.53ha, covering 65.54% of the zone
area. The major villages have Private ownership are Baliapada,
Beguniabarehi, Chaitanprasad, Chhelda, Chhotraypur,
Dakhinamundamuhan, Dasabatia, Gadajagasara, Gobindapur
(part), Gopalpur (part), Jagulaipadar, Janla, Kaimatia,
Kaimatiapatana, Kasipur, Madanpur, Mahura, Nandapur,
Naragoda, Ogalpara (part), Ogarsuan, Pandiapada, Patarapada,
Patsahanipur, Sahajpur, Santrapur, Sathuakeragopalpur, Sijua,
Sijuput, Suang and Tamando. 836.52ha (14.26%) of zone area is
under the Government Reserved, which found in the villages like:
Bhagabanpur, Bijipur, Jagasarapatna, Nainput, Naugan,
Ransinghpur and Subudhipur. The Ownership by the
Temple/Trustees scattered almost in all the villages covering a
total of 254.52ha (4.34%) of land.
• Gangapada (Zone No.-22): The major portion of the land is

owned by the Private ownership, which covers 1608.48ha, i.e.,
61% of the zone area. The villages have major lands under
29
private ownership are Alkar (part), Bhimapur, Gangapara,

Gobindapur (part), Kanjiama, Nilkanthpur, Ogalpara (part) and
Uparbast.
• Khurda (Zone No.-23): The Private ownership covers a major

portion of the Khurda zone. It spreads over an area 1023ha
(61.93%) of zone area, covering the villages of Jagannathpur
(part), Jemadei (part), Palla (part), Radhamohannagar,
Sanapalla (part) and Totapara (part). 21.12% of the land is under
the Government ownership, which measures 348.86ha of land.
• Barunei (Zone No.-24): 47.49% of the zone area is under

Private ownership, i.e., 1166.54ha of land. It includes the major
portion of the villages of Baratota, Belapara, Jagannathpur (part),
Jemadei (part), Kholadwar, Palla (part), Sanapalla (part) and
Totapara (part). Due to the presence of Barunei hill, the Major
land area is under the Forest Department which found in the
village of Khurdha (part), measuring 484.44ha (19.72%) of zone
area.
• Jatani (Zone No.-25): The Villages containing a major portion as

the Private ownership are Bachharapatana, Chhanaghar,
Goradharmasagar, Jagannathpur Patna, Jatani Town
Khasmahal, Jatni, Kudiari, Kumbharkhatia, Kusumati,
Ramchandrapur and Sandhapur. The private ownership is over
an area of 1652.99ha (64.20%) of the zone area.
• BDPA: 51.88% of the land ownership is under the private

ownership which covers an area of 21742.16ha of the total BDPA
area of which, 39% lands are available for development. 25.44%
of the total area, i.e, 10660.03ha is under the Government
ownership of which only 15% area is available and rest are
already developed. 7.93% land ownership is under Govt.
reserved i.e. 3325.26ha, of which only 24% lands are available
and maximum of rest of the lands are under rivers, canals. Large
amount of land i.e. 3131.77ha (7.47%) of BDPA is under Forest
Department (Table-3.9 & 3.10).
Table-3.10: Developable Ownership Area of BDPA
% of Total
Total Area in Developable
Ownership Ownership
Ha Area in Ha
Area
Govt. 10660 1556 15

Govt. Reserved 3325 791 24
Private 21742 8516 39
Temple/Trustee 1261 573 45

Table-3.8: Zone-wise Land use Interpretation
Public/ Semi- Vegetation/ Water

Zone Location Transporta- Utility & Vacant Agricultural
Residential Commercial Industrial Public/ Recreational Forest Waste Land bodies/ Wet Others Total
No. Description tion Services Land Land
Institution Land Land
Area
84.84 0.02 0.01 45.98 20.83 3.29 368.94 323.44 597.13 2437.54 52.03 93.52 58.05 4085.62
(in ha)
12 Bharatpur
Area % 2.08 0.00 0.00 1.13 0.51 0.08 9.03 7.92 14.62 59.66 1.27 2.29 1.42 100.00
Area
888.30 66.25 309.69 321.71 400.27 38.04 100.25 1276.77 617.27 472.08 143.63 63.66 83.25 4781.18
Chandra- (in ha)
13
sekharpur
Area % 18.58 1.39 6.48 6.73 8.37 0.80 2.10 26.70 12.91 9.87 3.00 1.33 1.74 100.00
Area
215.94 3.00 0.00 56.70 9.64 11.35 2.19 196.98 1448.61 334.01 537.29 197.41 81.42 3094.55
Sribanta- (in ha)
14
pur
Area % 6.98 0.10 0.00 1.83 0.31 0.37 0.07 6.37 46.81 10.79 17.36 6.38 2.63 100.00
Area
153.11 12.50 4.17 45.39 5.39 2.06 2.31 278.49 533.76 107.61 108.02 87.64 29.41 1369.85
East (in ha)
15
Kuakhai
Area % 11.81 0.90 0.30 3.31 0.39 0.15 0.17 20.33 38.96 7.86 7.89 6.40 2.15 100.00
Area
281.94 3.18 14.61 74.06 14.25 3.09 3.34 534.94 877.43 257.53 303.74 185.37 101.93 2653.41
(in ha)
16 Sisupal
Area % 10.63 0.12 0.55 2.79 0.54 0.12 0.13 20.09 33.07 9.71 11.45 6.99 3.84 100.00
Area
Bhubane - 1479.61 137.63 21.68 677.05 506.73 198.35 131.17 619.88 189.10 105.07 36.62 38.72 19.62 3982.72
(in ha)
17 swar New
Town Area % 37.15 3.46 0.54 17.00 12.72 0.50 3.29 15.56 4.75 2.64 0.92 0.97 0.49 100.00
Area
Old 417.02 14.56 0.43 84.37 38.64 4.69 9.42 231.46 744.13 66.87 152.35 70.59 6.61 1841.15
(in ha)
18 Bhubane -
swar Area % 22.65 0.79 0.02 4.58 2.10 0.25 0.51 12.57 40.42 3.63 8.27 3.83 0.36 100.00
Area
58.72 2.10 0.20 35.82 47.48 0.58 0.24 130.45 654.03 155.68 138.28 93.41 9.31 1326.32
(in ha)
19 Dhauli
Area % 4.43 0.16 0.02 2.70 3.58 0.04 0.02 9.84 49.31 11.74 10.43 7.04 0.70 100.00
Area
251.31 17.77 2.84 166.71 121.25 7.26 15.05 1305.07 740.91 883.59 13.36 31.21 50.87 3607.19
(in ha)
20 Aigania
Area % 6.97 0.49 0.08 4.62 3.36 0.20 0.42 36.18 20.54 24.50 0.37 0.87 1.41 100.00
Area
403.31 16.01 40.15 134.88 178.28 9.03 22.52 992.28 2728.32 791.37 361.65 91.07 95.97 5864.83
(in ha)
21 Tamando
Area % 6.88 0.27 0.68 2.30 3.04 0.15 0.38 16.92 46.52 13.49 6.17 1.55 1.64 100.00
Area
102.17 5.03 28.89 55.02 37.61 1.34 3.95 132.55 1293.38 694.45 190.00 46.16 46.40 2636.95
Gangapa- (in ha)
22
da
Area % 3.87 0.19 1.10 2.09 1.43 0.05 0.15 5.03 49.05 26.34 7.21 1.75 1.76 100.00
Area
354.15 14.35 0.55 97.30 68.10 5.80 10.87 158.71 652.50 171.27 78.32 27.10 13.29 1652.21
(in ha)
23 Khurda
Area % 21.44 0.87 0.03 5.89 4.12 0.35 0.66 9.61 39.49 10.37 4.74 1.64 0.80 100.00
Area
101.77 7.56 53.23 52.48 14.89 2.90 2.17 180.17 565.71 1269.35 130.33 17.30 58.67 2456.62
(in ha)
24 Barunei
Area % 4.14 0.31 2.17 2.14 0.61 0.12 0.09 7.33 23.03 51.67 5.31 0.70 2.39 100.00
Area
408.16 47.78 7.45 109.41 34.65 5.77 21.99 180.42 965.26 248.11 440.46 31.75 73.36 2574.57
(in ha)
25 Jatani
Area % 15.85 1.86 0.29 4.25 1.35 0.22 0.85 7.01 37.49 9.64 17.11 1.23 2.85 100.00
Area
5200.36 347.83 483.91 1956.88 1497.93 115.03 694.40 6539.59 12607.56 7994.55 2686.07 1074.90 728.16 41927.16
(in ha)
BDPA
Area % 12.40 0.83 1.15 4.67 3.57 0.27 1.66 15.60 30.07 19.07 6.41 2.56 1.74 100.00
INDEX:
: 1st Maximum Land use of the Zone

: 2nd Maximum Land use of the Zone
: 3rd Maximum Land use of the Zone
INDEX:
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Public Utilities
Recreational
Vacant Land
Agricultural Land
Waste Land
Others
2.08% 1.33% 1.74% 2.63% 6.98% 2.15% 3.84%
1.42% 1.13% 3.00% 11.18% 10.63%
0.00% 0.10%
2.29% 0.51% 18.58% 6.38% 1.83% 0.12%
9.87% 6.40% 0.91% 6.99% 2.79%
1.27% 0.08% 0.31% 3.31% 0.54%
0.37%
1.39% 0.07% 0.39% 0.12%
9.03%
12.91% 6.48% 6.37% 7.89% 0.15%
11.45%
17.36% 0.13%
7.92% 6.73% 7.86% 0.17%
8.37% 9.71%
26.70% 20.09%
14.62% 0.80%
10.79% 38.96% 20.33%
59.66% 33.07%
2.10% 46.81%
Zone 12: Bharatpur Zone 13:Chandrasekharpur Zone 14:Sribantapur Zone 15:East Kuakhai Zone 16 : Sisupal
0.92% 0.97% 0.36%

0.49% 0.70% 4.43% 1.41% 6.97% 1.64% 6.88%
2.64% 3.83% 0.16% 0.87% 1.55%
2.70% 0.49% 0.27%
22.65% 7.04%
4.75% 0.37% 4.62% 2.30%
8.27% 3.58%
6.17%
3.36% 3.04%
3.63% 0.79% 0.04%
37.15%
15.56% 10.43% 0.02% 24.50% 13.49% 0.15%
4.58% 0.20%
3.29% 2.10% 9.84% 0.42% 0.38%
40.42%
0.50% 0.25% 11.74%
20.54% 16.92%
0.51%
12.72% 3.46% 36.18%
12.57%
17.00% 49.31% 46.52%
Zone 17: Bhubaneswar

New Town Zone 18: Old Bhubaneswar Zone 19: Dhauli Zone 20: Aigania Zone 21: Tamando
3.87% 0.80% 2.39% 4.14% 2.85%

1.76% 1.64% 1.74% 12.40%
21.44% 0.31% 2.56% 0.83%
1.75% 0.19% 0.70% 1.23% 15.85%
2.09% 2.14% 6.41%
4.74% 1.15%
1.43% 0.87% 5.31%
7.21% 10.37% 0.61% 4.67%
0.05% 0.12% 1.86% 3.57%
0.15% 5.89% 0.09% 17.11% 4.25% 19.07%
7.33% 0.27%
1.35%
5.03% 4.12%
1.66%
0.22%
26.34% 39.49% 0.35%
9.64% 0.85%
0.66% 15.60%
49.05% 23.03%
51.67% 7.01%
9.61% 37.49% 30.07%
Zone 22: Gangapada Zone 23: Khurda Zone 24: Barunei Zone 25: Jatani BDPA
Fig-3.7: Zone-wise Land use Interpretation by PIE charts
Table-3.9:Zone-wise Ownership Interpretation
Zone Location Government Temple/ Forest Government Private Ownership

Villages within the Zone Government Private Total
No. Description Reserved Trustee Department Forest Forest not available
Area Andharua (part), Bharatpur (part), Darutheng, 385.91 207.70 1126.01 24.08 2118.01 207.42 8.80 7.69 4085.62
(in ha) Jaganathprasad (part), Jokalandi (part), Jujhagad,
12 Bharatpur
Patharagadia, Raghunathpur (part), Saymasundarpur and
Area % Sundarpur 9.45 5.08 27.56 0.59 51.84 5.08 0.22 0.19 100.00
Area Bamikhal(part), Chandrasekharpur, Damna, Darha(part),

Gadkan(part), Injana, Jayadevvihar, Kalarahang, 2191.31 561.15 1619.37 141.97 0.00 130.69 91.80 44.88 4781.17
Chandra- (in ha)
13 Padasahi(part), Paik Nagar (part), Pandra(part), Patia,
sekharpur
Area % Raghunathpur(part), Raghunathpurjali, Samantpuri and 45.83 11.74 33.87 2.97 0.00 2.73 1.92 0.94 100.00
Vanivihar
Area Balipara, Barimund, Darha (part), Dhawa, Gadkan (part),
Gandarpur, Jhinkadihi, Kalyanpur, Kantania, Khairapara, 753.17 138.86 2061.65 73.91 0.00 55.66 0.27 11.02 3094.55
Sribanta- (in ha)
14 Krushnasaranpur, Mancheswar, Marichia, Naubant,
pur
Area % Ostapara, Padasahi (part), Pandra (part), Rokat, Singra and 24.34 4.49 66.62 2.39 0.00 1.80 0.01 0.36 100.00
Tangibant
Area
314.73 47.01 953.42 38.90 0.00 2.72 8.68 4.40 1369.85
East (in ha) Banguri, Haridaspur, Jaepur, Johal, Naharkanta, Nakhara,
15
Kuakhai Pahala and Rudrapur
Area % 22.98 3.43 69.60 2.84 0.00 0.20 0.63 0.32 100.00
Area Badadhanapur, Bankuala, Bargar, Basuaghai, 544.09 129.97 1895.99 62.32 0.00 9.84 0.39 10.82 2653.42
(in ha) Durgapurpatna, Godagopinathaprasad (part), Govindprasad
16 Sisupal
(part), Jharpara (part), Keshara, Koradakanta, Lingipur,
Area % Meherpalli, Pandra (part) and Sisupal 20.51 4.90 71.45 2.35 0.00 0.37 0.01 0.41 100.00
Aiginia (part), Ashok Nagar, Baksijagabandhu Nagar,
Area Bamikhal (part), Bapuji Nagar, Barmunda, Begunia, Bhimpur,
Bhoi Nagar, Bhum Nagar, Dumuduma (part), Gang Nagar, 2345.50 161.23 1062.53 104.03 1.91 29.22 0.00 262.39 3966.81
(in ha)
Bhubane - Godagopinathaprasad (part), Gopabandhu Nagar,
17 swar New Govindprasad (part), Jadupur, Jagmara (part), Jharpara
Town (part), Kesari Nagar, Kharbel Nagar, Lakshmisagar No.1,
Area % Lakshmisagar No.2, Madhusudan Nagar, Nayapalli, Paik 59.13 4.06 26.79 2.62 0.05 0.74 0.00 6.61 100.00
Nagar (part), Pandra (part), Pokhariput, Sahid Nagar, Satya
Nagar and Surya Nagar
Area Bahadalpur, Bhubaneswar, Ebaranga, Gautam Nagar,
Old 353.87 66.51 1285.05 123.61 0.00 0.54 0.00 11.13 1840.71
(in ha) Hatasahi, Hatipurpatna, Kapileswar, Kapilprasad, Kochilaput,
18 Bhubane -
swar
Kukudaghai, Mahabhoisasan, Mohanpur, Mohanpur,
Area % Raghunathpur, Rajarani, Sarakantar and Sundar Pada 19.22 3.61 69.81 6.72 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.60 100.00
Area Dhauli, Gelapur, Gopinathpur, Jaganathpur Patna, 333.39 63.24 807.89 41.92 0.00 16.39 0.00 63.50 1326.32
(in ha) Kausalyapur, Khatuapada, Kousalyaganga, Krushnapur,
19 Dhauli
Nakhaur, Nakhaurpatna, Pubasasan, Santrapurpatana,
Area % Saradeipurpatna, Sardeipur and Uttarasasan 25.14 4.77 60.91 3.16 0.00 1.24 0.00 4.79 100.00
Area
Aiginia (part), Andharua (part), Barmunda (part), Bharatpur 780.84 346.93 1635.70 50.13 427.79 211.38 129.35 25.58 3607.19
(in ha)
20 Aigania (part), Dumuduma (part), Ghatikia, Jaganathprasad (part),
Area % Jagmara (part), Jokalandi (part), Malipada and Sampur 21.65 9.62 45.35 1.39 11.85 5.86 3.59 0.71 100.00
Alkar (part), Badaraghunathapur, Baliapada, Beguniabarehi,
Bhagabanpur, Bidyadharpur, Bijipur, Chaitanprasad,
Area Chandihata, Chhelda, Chhotarapur, Dakhinamundamuhan, 691.19 836.52 3843.53 254.52 0.00 182.77 6.33 49.96 5864.83
(in ha) Dasabatia, Gadajagasara, Gobindapur (part), Gopalpur
(part), Harapur, Jagasara, Jagasarapatna, Jagulaipadar,
21 Tamando Janla, Kaimatia, Kaimatiapatana, Kasipur, Madanpur,
Mahura, Nandapur, Nainput, Naragoda, Naugan, Ogalpara
(part), Ogarsuan, Paikarapur, Pandiapada, Patarapada,
Area % Patsahanipur, Ransinghpur, Sahajpur, Santrapur, 11.79 14.26 65.54 4.34 0.00 3.12 0.11 0.85 100.00
Sathuakeragopalpur, Sijua, Sijuput, Suang, Subudhipur,
Tamando and Uttaramundmuhan
Zone Location Government Temple/ Forest Government Private Ownership
Villages within the Zone Government Private Total
No. Description Reserved Trustee Department Forest Forest not available
Area
Alkar (part), Bhatakhuri, Bhimpur, Gangapara, Gobindapur 455.63 262.66 1608.48 97.25 92.42 112.99 0.00 7.52 2636.95
(in ha)
22 Gangapada (part), Kanjiama, Kumbharabasta, Nilkanthpur, Ogalpara
Area % (part), Pitapalli and Uparbast 17.28 9.96 61.00 3.69 3.50 4.28 0.00 0.29 100.00
Area
Gurujanga, Jagannathpur (part), Jajarsing, Jemadei (part), 348.86 165.65 1023.00 80.38 7.69 0.00 0.00 26.25 1651.83
(in ha)
23 Khurda Khurdha (part), Mukundaprasad (part), Palla (part),
Area % Radhamohannagar, Sanapalla (part) and Totapara (part) 21.12 10.03 61.93 4.87 0.47 0.00 0.00 1.59 100.00
Area
Baratola, Belapara, Jagannathpur (part), Jemadei (part), 497.02 190.48 1166.54 80.24 484.44 30.83 0.51 6.54 2456.62
(in ha)
24 Barunei Kholadwar, Khudpur, Khurdha (part), Mukundaprasad (part),
Area % Padanpur, Palla (part), Sanapalla (part) and Totapara (part) 20.23 7.75 47.49 3.27 19.72 1.26 0.02 0.27 100.00
Area Bachharapatana, Barnuagaon, Chhanaghar, Gopinathpur, 664.54 147.35 1652.99 87.89 0.00 1.16 0.00 20.64 2574.57
25 Jatani (in ha) Goradharmasagar, Jagannathpur Patna,
Jatanitownkhasmahal, Jatni, Kudiari, Kumbharkhatia,
Area % Kusumati, Ramchandrapur and Sandhapur 25.81 5.72 64.20 3.41 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.80 100.00
Area
10660.03 3325.26 21742.16 1261.16 3131.77 991.62 246.13 552.32 41910.45
(in ha)
BDPA
Area % 25.44 7.93 51.88 3.01 7.47 2.37 0.59 1.32 100.00
INDEX:
st
: 1 Maximum Ownership of the Zone
: 2nd Maximum Ownership of the Zone
rd
: 3 Maximum Ownership of the Zone
Zone 12: Bharatpur Zone 13:Chandrasekharpur Zone 14:Sribantapur Zone 15:East Kuakhai Zone 16:Sisupal
Zone 17: Bhubaneswar

Zone 18: Old Bhubaneswar Zone 19: Dhauli Zone 20: Aigania Zone 21: Tamando
New Town
INDEX: Fig-3.9: Zone wise Ownership Interpretation by PIE charts
Conceptual Plan 4
The BDPA
4.1 The BDPA
The CDP hereby prepared may not be seen in isolation. Rather, it is a

natural, logical extension, detailing out and culmination of the vision
outlined by the consultants in their Perspective Plan for BCUC Vision
2030.
The BDPA is zoned into four broad categories based on a multi-criteria

analysis. These zones are:
1. Extensive Development Zone (11 nos.) – Essentially areas of
new development of varying density using the vacant land,
agricultural land and govt. land etc;
2. Intensive Development Zone (4 nos.) – Existing development
may be re-densified for new urban functions, through a process
of urban renewal;
3. Sensitive Development Zone (3 nos.) – To protect the
vegetation / forest / hill areas and swampy / wetlands of
ecological importance;
4. Restrictive Development Zone (7 nos.) – To protect the rich
cultural heritage zones.
An extensive study of the BDPA through primary and secondary sources

was done to identify the prospects and potentials of the region, its weak
links in terms of physical connectivity, the possibility of economic
revitalization, the rejuvenation of the cultural heritage and also address
the issue of sporadic and haphazard growth.
4.2 Structure of the CDP
The Comprehensive Development Plan of BDPA is based on a Vision. It

is a Vision to create a world class city that will not only have high end
activities and centres of excellence, but also will have a distinct identity
based on its rich cultural background and natural resources. With this
vision, and within the framework of the proposed Perspective Plan for the
entire BCUC area, the CDP has outlined a spatial structure that will
enable conceptualization of this vision.
The BDPA forms an important and an integral part of the BCUC and is
dubbed as the Knowledge-Economic-Administrative hub.
The focus of the CDP has been on the following:

i. To create a well knit North-South, as well as, East-West
connection in the entire length and width of the BDPA on the one
hand and linking it to the rest of the BCUC on the other hand.
31
4 Conceptual Plan
Salient features of the CDP
Eastern & western bypass, MRTS routes, ring roads,

augmentation of railway link between Cuttack and Jatani are
among the proposals.
ii. Stress has been laid on augmentation of the existing physical
links. New connections, where proposed, are done with due
regard to the natural drainage.
iii. To check disparity of growth in the BDPA, a concept of balanced
growth has been principally followed.
iv. Economic development has been given due regard as an engine
for physical growth.
4.3 Salient features of the CDP
4.3.1 Physical links

The proposed linkage pattern comprehends a bypass system that will
encircle the entire BDPA and ensures that the urban areas become free
from traffic. It is being proposed to connect the Western bye-pass with
new highways on the southern and eastern periphery of BDPA.
Connectivity within BDPA is strengthened through a system of North-

South Metro Corridors and a few major roads making transverse
connection in east-west direction. Ring roads have been proposed for
Bhubaneswar city and Jatani city. Two Metro corridors run parallel and
connect with Pitapalli-Nandankanan bye-pass road on the north and NH-
5 on south. These two metro corridors are located mainly on the western
stretch of the Bharatpur reserved forest so that future growth pattern is
directed mainly along the western stretch and preserve the eco-sensitive
eastern fringe. MRTS proposal will improve connectivity of Khurda and
Jatani with Bhubaneswar. Two parallel connections of NH-5 in Tamando
zone is improving connectivity of Jatani and Khurda. This connectivity
ensures resurgence of these two important, yet neglected urban
settlements.
4.3.2 Development proposals
Connectivity and natural factors have formed the backbone of allocating

major activities in future. Availability of land has been a decisive factor
too. Public land and uncultivated or less fertile land have primarily been
identified for locating new activity centres. The development proposals
are along North-South and East-West spines (Map-4.1).
4.3.2.1 South and South West
Two distinct traits of development have been pursued - western belt of

High End activities - and an eastern belt of Cultural Landscape. High end

Conceptual Plan 4
activities include High Tech Park, institutional corridor, sports and

academic complex, diplomatic enclave, industrial belts, logistic hubs.
Cultural landscape or the recreation and cultural belt includes active and
passive recreational areas, cultural institutions, fair grounds, museums,
heritage districts and special heritage zones, resorts, lakes, pilgrimage
areas and camping sites. In certain stretches, the natural reserve is also
aimed at promoting agro based industries like dairy, horticulture etc. as a
food basket for BDPA.
It is expected to revitalize Khurda and Jatani with proposed high tech

corridors and industrial hubs on the south eastern parts.
Special housing zones and new townships have been envisaged in

various zones especially Kalinganagar (high end housing) and Satellite
Township project in Tamando Planning Zone.
Some of the area specific proposals are as follows:

Aigania: Proposals include among others, new township,
institutes including bio-park, Energy Park, a film city, sports
complex and research institute.
Tamando: High end commercial and institutional activity,
banking, financial institutions, IT industry, satellite town,
diplomatic enclave, city level park and a health city.
Gangapada: High end commercial, residential and institutional
activity in continuation with adjoining Tamando zone, automobile
industry and truck terminus at strategic locations.
Khurda: Textile industry.
Jatani: Logistic hub, building material industry.
4.3.2.2 East
The vast stretch of low lying flood prone areas along the eastern
periphery at Sribantapur and Sisupalagarh has been identified as an
environmentally sensitive zone. With Daya River, Gangua Nallah and a
few canals criss-crossing this area, this is a natural drainage basin and
scenic in character. Along Gangua Nallah and Daya River Embankment
Roads has been proposed to protect the flood prone area from flood and
make the area free for restricted developments. Two important heritage
sites, Sisupalagarh and Dhauli, are also located on the southern end of
this stretch. Accessibility to NH-5 and Puri Road has exposed the area to
speculative forces and haphazard growth. The threat from speculative
forces for this environmentally sensitive zone has to be properly
addressed and natural and cultural resources need to be preserved.
Because of these reasons, extensive development has been directed
more towards west along both sides of the proposed North-South Metro
corridors and leaving the eastern stretch for limited development mainly
33
4 Conceptual Plan
for recreation, tourism and cultural activities, as well as, agro-based

industries. Nanadankanan and adjoining forest land on the north-eastern
side also forms a major natural reserve having an impact on its adjoining
zones and has been given due consideration.
The Ekamra Kshetra heritage zone is planned to be revived as the

cultural capital of BDPA. The heritage and cultural district with Ekamra
Kshetra, Dhauli and Sisupalgarh heritage zones along with proposed
lagoon resorts, recreational, tourism and cultural activities is expected to
place BDPA as a major a world class tourist destination.
Proposals specific to areas include:

East Kuakhai: High rise group housing, wholesale godown.
Shishupal, Dhauli and Old Bhubaneswar: Identified as the
heritage zone. Accent on preserving the cultural and built heritage,
augmenting religious tourism.
4.3.2.3 Central
In between the two major spines of development, the Capital complex

along with the Aigania zone constitutes of high end institutional and
technical hubs, housing condominiums and townships forms a Central
zone serving the entire BDPA.
Koeneisberger’s Capital complex is the functional and administrative
nerve centre the BDPA.

Aigania: High end institutions at regional & national level, research
centres, Sai complex, Film city, housing condominiums.
4.3.2.4 North
On the northern western periphery, Nandankanan forms a nucleus of
high end world class recreation and cultural activities like golf courses,
festival grounds, nature trails, camping sites.

Bharatpur: Botanical and zoological research centres.
Chandrasekharpur: High-end housing, commercial activity, office
complex.
Sribantapur: Agro-based industry, warehouse, cold storage, also an
aquatica.
The spatial structure thus evolved will hopefully be the basis of an urban
area that will be able to ensure a better quality of life for its entire people
and transform BDPA as a livable, enviable and a unique city of future.

`
Demographic and Economic Perspective 5
Population Perspective
5.1 The Population Perspective
While making a policy planning, projection for a single part blocks and
a group of municipalities within the Bhubaneswar Development Plan
Area (BDPA) is much more complicated and involves a much greater
uncertainty than the population projection for Orissa as a whole.
Moreover in our present exercise, the future population distribution has
more to do than a mere projection of the past trends or the past
behavior of the demographic variables. BDPA, essentially being a
developable capital region, the proper approach would be population
allocation along with than population projection. Such allocation is
meaningful depending on the developmental activities envisaged or
decided upon for the respective planning areas.
The ideal way to study the distributional aspect of population is to

divide the entire future population and the region of BDPA into sub-
areas or Planning Zones on the basis of various aspects viz:
• Homogeneity of the geo-physical environment.
• Functionally integrated areas, (here revenue villages).
• Development potential of the individual areas.
Therefore, the methodology that has been adopted for demographic

projections are mentioned below;
• Firstly, we have attempted to anticipate the total growth for the
State of Orissa,
• Secondly, we have assessed the growth of part of Khurda
District.
• Thirdly, BDPA’s share in the projected urban growth of Orissa
has been estimated.
• Finally, the growth trends in various areas / Planning Zones
have been examined and projections have been made based
thereupon.
Since different urban and rural centers within BDPA have been
observed to have grown in different proportions, the trends have been
examined and a set of anticipated populations for the newly developed
areas for the future have been fixed up. In doing such an exercise, we
have also kept in mind the following considerations:-
1. With the increased rate of urbanisation, rising GDP growth

rate, huge investment in infrastructure along with literacy drive
and population control programme, it is quite likely that the
natural increase of population in BDPA would be less (Total
Fertility Rate-1.4) compared to in-migrational input and thus
would balance each other.
Final Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area (BDPA) 35
5 Demographic and Economic Perspective
Population Projections
2. The present National and State real estate policy may enhance
the scope of further institutional development in BDPA as an
emerging growth centre and hence the increase in future
employment opportunities within BDPA has been assessed
carefully.
All this exercise led to a number of population estimates. We first

studied the trend of population in the state and parts of the Khurda
District and then the various administrative units in BDPA for the last
few decades and extrapolated this trend, not only by the application of
sophisticated mathematical formulae but also by assessment of
various factors responsible for growth in population such as economic
potential of BDPA, availability of land resource, overall development
potential of BDPA etc as per the observed trend. The result of our
exercise is set out in Table 5.1 & 5.2.The three urban centers and
adjoining rural hinterland comprising the BDPA are at present varying
in terms of levels of development. The vision is to uplift the BDPA as
well as the entire BCUC region to the status of a State Capital Region
and place it in the fast track of economic development, through a
planned and investment friendly atmosphere for achieving a better
quality of life.
5.2 Population Projections
Population projection is a scientific attempt to peep into the future

population scenario, conditioned by making certain assumptions, using
data relating to the past available at that point of time in the Census.
For population projection, a vision has been generated, considering the
socio-cultural set up for each unit. The trend of population growth in
each unit as well as the entire BDPA has also been analysed. The
effect of planned interventions on population growth has also been
considered and growth rate and future proposed population density
have been used to project the future population of administrative areas
in BDPA along with its 14 individual zones as shown in Table- 5.1, 5.2
& 5.3 and Figure-5.1 & 5.2. After careful investigation into all types of
statistical projections using various methods, the basis adopted here
seems to be most suitable for a growing Capital Region like BDPA.
As shown in Table-5.1, the estimated population in 2030 will be around
20,00,000; 1,50,000; 1,30,000 and 7, 20,000 (approx) in Bhubaneswar
Municipal Corporation (BMC), Khurda Municipality, Jatani Municipality
and BDPA Rural respectively. Table-5.1 clearly portrays that the future
gross density would be enhanced to a figure of 29-30 persons per acre
in the year 2030 from the existing 13-15 persons per acre.
36 Department of Architecture & Regional Planning IIT Kharagpur

`
The East Kuakhai and Tamando regions are estimated to have the
highest growth rate (above 600%) followed by the Gangapara (around
273%) and Aigania regions (around 253%), as is shown by the Table-
5.3, and Map-5.1. Tamando shall accommodate an additional
population of (4,49,300), followed by Aiginia (2,30,000),
Chandrasekharpur (221500) and East Kuakhai (200000). This will
address the need of a balanced growth between the north and the
south portion of BDPA.
Table-5.1: Projected Population of Administrative Areas in BDPA
Administrative Area Population Population Population Density 2001 Density 2008 Density 2030
Area (SqKm) 2001 2008 2030 (Popn./SqKm) (Popn./SqKm (Popn./SqKm)
BMC 146.80 658220 1080000 2000000 4484 7357 13624

Khurda 29.19 42695 59000 150000 1463 2021 5139
Jatani 25.74 57957 70000 130000 2252 2720 5051
BDPA Rural 217.37 98534 163200 720000 453 751 3312
Total BDPA 419.10 857406 1372200 30,00,000 2046 3274 7158
Source: Census of India, 2001
Table-5.2: Expected Population of Planning Zones in BDPA
Population Population Population Population Population Population Population

Zone Name 1981 1991 2001 2008 2011 2021 2030
Bharatpur 5563 6658 5601 6700 10000 15000 20000
Chandrasekharpur 7586 45439 170859 478500 348000 524000 700000
Sribantapur 14251 13302 31647 38000 38000 44000 50000
East Kuakhai 8268 6535 11050 20000 81000 151000 220000
Sisupal 6684 21270 40508 48600 87000 133000 180000

Bhubaneswar
182570 268110 327391 392000 368000 409000 450000
New Town
Old Bhubaneswar 41935 95745 83334 100000 106000 128000 150000
Dhauli 5535 7070 8179 9800 12000 16000 20000
Aigania 4311 2765 34875 70000 123000 211000 300000
Tamando 20027 24291 25350 50700 184000 342000 500000
Gangapada 6904 8471 11968 18000 45000 78000 110000
Khurda 19210 26528 39625 59000 76000 113000 150000
Barunei 9753 12386 9062 10900 13000 17000 20000
Jatani 41755 50116 57957 70000 82000 106000 130000
374352 588686 857406 1372200 1572000 2286000 3000000

Total BDPA
Table-5.3: Expected Density and Growth rates in BDPA
Density Density Density

Area 2001 2008 2030 Growth
Zone name 2001 2008 2030
(Sq.Km.) (Popn./ (Popn./Sq (Popn./Sq Rate
SqKm) Km) Km)
Bharatpur 40.86 5601 137 6700 164 20000 490 86%
Chandrasekharpur 47.81 170859 3574 478500 10008 700000 14641 103%
Sribantapur 30.95 31647 1023 38000 1228 50000 1616 19%
East Kuakhai 13.70 11050 807 20000 1460 220000 16060 630%
Sisupal 26.53 40508 1527 48600 1832 180000 6784 115%
Bhubaneswar New
39.67 327391 8253 392000 9882 450000 11344 12%
Town
Old Bhubaneswar 18.41 83334 4527 100000 5433 150000 8149 27%
Dhauli 13.26 8179 617 9800 739 20000 1508 48%
Aigania 36.07 34875 967 70000 1941 300000 8317 253%
Tamando 58.65 25350 432 50700 864 500000 8525 624%
Gangapada 26.37 11968 454 18000 683 110000 4171 273%
Khurda 16.52 39625 2399 59000 3572 150000 9081 93%
Barunei 24.57 9062 369 10900 444 20000 814 40%
Jatani 25.75 57957 2251 70000 2719 130000 5049 41%
Total BDPA 419.10 857406 2046 1372200 3274 3000000 7158 83%
It is also expected that BDPA region would be experiencing a paradigm

shift in its economic and real estate scenario. The Indian IT/ITES
sector has been the primary demand driver in this respect. In a bid to
scale up this operation and to remain globally competitive, Indian IT
companies are exploring smaller cities like Bhubaneswar, which are
characterised by low real estate costs, availability of land for
development, untapped manpower pool and rising quality of life. Many
of cities have industrial and tourism driven economic base that can be
levered for growth. Positive economic growth has also translated in
rising disposable incomes and growing aspiration levels amongst new
generation youth. This has been further fuelled by the increase in size
of 25-55 age group of earning population and the emergence of double
income, nuclear families. According to UNDP population division, the
urban people of India will continue to grow at a rate of 2.5 % and above
per annum for the next two and a half decade. Further more,
Bhubaneswar region being the capital of Orissa state would certainly
invite more migratory young population mainly due to change in
occupation, transfer of services and also for better social infrastructure
facilities. At the same time to correct the imbalance in the present sex
ratio and percentage of child population active role of NGO’s need to
be stressed in the right forum.

`
2500000
2000000
1500000
Population
1000000
500000
0
2001 2008 2030
Year
BMC Khurda Jatani BDA Rural
Fig- 5.1: Projected Populations of Administrative Areas in BDPA
800000
700000
600000
500000
Population
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2030
Year
Bharatpur Chandrasekharpur
Sribantapur East Kuakhai
Sisupal Bhubaneswar New Town
Old Bhubaneswar Dhauli
Aigania Tamando
Gangapada Khurda
Barunei Jatani
Fig-5.2: Expected Population of Planning Zones in BDPA
Economic Perspective
5.3 Economic Perspective
The local economy of BDPA is passing through a major transformation,

mostly from agrarian and traditional industry oriented economy to high-
tech service economy. This section deals with the spatial and non-
spatial attributes of the economic sectors prevalent along with the
changes that are expected to take place during the planning period.
5.3.1 Existing Sectoral Profile of Local Economy
5.3.1.1 Primary sector activities
Agriculture
The rural parts of BDPA are primarily agrarian in nature. Around thirty
percent of the total land area in BDPA is dedicated to agriculture. Rice
is the major produce but minor production of potato and sugarcane
also takes place. The yield rate of rice is high (around 2330 kg/ha) – as
approximated from the district average for Khurda district. The spatial
location of agrarian activities is evident from Map-5.2 which shows
spatial distribution of economic activities in BDPA existing land use
map.
Livestock and Animal Husbandry
The per capita cattle population (both cow and buffalo) in BDPA is
much lower than Khurda (0.21) district as well as the state average
(0.44) indicating a huge gap in demand for bovine population. Huge
export of milk and other milk products is required from the neighboring
districts mostly Puri and Balasore to meet the demand-supply gap. It
should be noted that per capita consumption of milk is comparatively
high due to greater percentage of urban population and higher income-
expenditure levels.
On the other hand, supply of meat is constrained in Khurda district due

to lower per capita goat population (0.05) compared to the state
average (0.19). Gap in demand supply points out the opportunity for
demand induced growth of organised animal husbandry and livestock
cultivation activities.
5.3.1.2 Secondary sector activities
Around 1400 acres of land in Khurda district has been dedicated for
large and medium scale industrial estates. Mancheswar, Chandaka
and Khurda CD blocks are the most industrialised region within Khurda

`
district. Area allocation for industrial estates within Khurda district is

shown in Table-5.4.
Table- 5.4: Area Allocation for Industrial

Estates within Khurda District
Sl.
Industrial estates Area (in acres)
No.
1 Khurda 94
2 Bhubaneshwar 17
3 Mancheswar 370
4 Chandaka-B 940
Khurda (Total) 1421
Source: The Industrial Compendium, 1999-2001 (SSI Sector):

Directorate of Industries Orissa, Cuttack
A brief look among the sectoral composition of the secondary sector

activities reveal that in Khurda district, major investments are in Food
and allied sectors, Engineering and Metal based manufacturing
activities along with Chemical and allied processing activities.
However, it has attracted 42 percent of the total investment in Electrical
and Electronic goods manufacturing in the state followed by Paper and
paper based products (24 percent) and Chemical and allied processing
activities (16 percent) (Table-5.5).
Industrial development in the state is being contemplated through

cluster approach. Pharmaceutical cluster and Engineering cluster have
been proposed in Bhubaneswar – Cuttack region. There have been
conscious efforts to improve the business environment and attract
industrial investments in the state. Single window mechanism has been
stressed upon for simplicity of operations and also to encourage
entrepreneurship. Development of ancillary and downstream industries
as well as industrial establishments has been envisaged and five
satellite metallurgical clusters have been identified; one such cluster is
proposed at Angul–Dhenkanal-Cuttack region. However, most of them
have located themselves outside the BDPA area.
A brief look at the small scale industries reveal that their concentration
as well as the investment is more in Bhubaneswar city, compared to
other districts in Orissa. According to ‘The industrial Compendium,
1999-2001’ Bhubaneswar district had 246 SSI units with investment of
1874.55 lakhs and providing employment to 1279 people as referred in
Table-5.5. The observed growth in SSI industries has been rapid over
the years – mostly due to lot of schemes aimed at promoting this
particular sector.
Table 5.5: District wise Number of SSI Units

Setup with Investment and Employment
Food Chemical Elec. Engg. & Forest & Live Paper &
Glass &
Industry & & & metal wood Stock & paper
ceramics
allied Allied electronics based based leather product
Number of units 509 188 239 710 174 289 13 206
Investment (in
6589.7 2266.59 1809.93 3859.47 471.42 1688.47 29.39 1807.9
lakhs)
Share of total
KHURDA
investment in 8.92 16.40 42.38 7.35 11.43 5.81 4.69 24.95

state (%)
Employment
4052 1494 1833 5011 1507 6608 90 1400
(nos)
Share of total
employment in 3.84 7.53 27.44 6.35 4.17 5.57 3.87 10.02
state (%)
Source: Directorate of Industries, Orissa, 2005-06
Orissa Industrial Development Corporation (IDCO) facilitates

establishment and organisation of new industries along with marketing
and promotion in the state. It also ensures the provision of
infrastructural facilities and amenities for the industrial areas. An Export
Promotion Industrial Park at Bhubaneswar has been set up by IDCO
with a view to promoting export oriented industrial units. The park has
been renamed as ‘Infocity’ and has been earmarked for the
establishment of IT sector. This park has an area of 250 acres along
with state of the art infrastructural facilities. Five number of IT
companies have established units here including Infosys Ltd. Another
IT SEZ is also proposed within BDPA to accommodate the burgeoning
demand for ITES.
Other important contribution of IDCO being Software Complex at

Bhubaneswar, IID Centre at Khurda, and Aluminium Park at Sarua
near Khurda.
IDCO is also the nodal agency for the state government to provide
investor friendly opportunities for the investors in specially delineated
zones or Special Economic Zone (SEZ). Though, only certain sectors
have been identified for the above mentioned purpose, namely:
1. IT and ITES
2. Bio-Technology
3. Electronics and related Hardware manufacturing
4. Auto components manufacturing
5. Engineering goods
6. Leather and textile including handlooms and handicrafts
7. Food Processing Industries including Marine Products
8. Gems and Jewellery
9. Aluminium downstream Industries
10. Pharmaceutical Industries
11. Petrochemical Industries

`
It should be noted that there is a decline in manufacturing activities in

BDPA region. Many of the industries have either stopped their
operation or became sick. Also many of the industrial estates have
failed to attract expected level of industrial investment despite
providing adequate infrastructure. In recent times, there has been a
conscious effort to keep the polluting industries at bay from the BDPA
area.
5.3.1.3 Tertiary Sector Activities
Administrative functions
Bhubaneswar is the present capital of the state of Orissa and most of

the state level administrative functions are located here. However,
some of the state level functions i.e. Judiciary, Police etc. are located
in Cuttack. Khurda town is the district headquarters of the Khurda
district within which Bhubaneswar city lies. Concentration of state or
district level administrative functions provides ample opportunity for
public service employment as well as pull for semi-public/private offices
and institutions to locate in proximity to the state capital functions, thus
inducing more institutional functions.
Trade and Commerce:
In recent times, Bhubaneswar has enjoyed rapid growth in retail trade

and commerce with most of its growth in the organised retail segment.
Growth in informal sector has also been rapid which often leads to
encroachment of the public land or ROW of busy roads. Spatial
distribution of retail functions within Bhubaneswar is polycentric in
nature. Most of the shopping locations have adequate parking facilities
as well as good accessibility from all parts of the town. However, retail
commercial developments along Cuttack-Puri road needs immediate
intervention to meet vehicular parking demand.
Most of the wholesale trading as well as warehousing activities is

located near the Rasulgarh area. Being very close to the intersection of
NH-5 and Cuttack-Puri Road, it sometimes interferes with the vehicular
movement thus necessitating relocation in long term.
Retail trade and commerce also acquires prime position in its local
economy of Khurda. Development of retail trade and commerce in
Khurda can be attributed to proximity to regional level bus terminal
facilities located inside the town. However, the relocation of the
terminal facilities and diversion of the regional bus routes to reduce
traffic congestion in the town core has led to decline in trading
functions.
Based on the regional level rail connectivity, wholesale trade and

commerce flourished in Jatani. However, declining share of freight
movement via rail has reduced its vitality. Still it is one of the major
providers of wholesale goods in BDPA region.
The spur in retail functions in Bhubaneswar has been primarily due to

rapid growth in local city level demand and change in consumption
preference of its population. According to Urban Market Potential study
done by RK Swamy, Bhubaneswar is within top 100 town centers in
the country based on the size of consumer base as well as the urban
market intensity. In this context, it can be safely assumed that this
urban center will experience rapid expansion of retail trade and
commerce activities with a greater share in organised segment.
Relocation of wholesale trading functions will become an absolute
necessity to retain the efficiency of supply chain operations and reduce
their negative externalities on other urban functions.
Health and Education Services:
In recent years Bhubaneswar has emerged as regional hub of health

and educational services catering to the demand of Orissa and also to
the neighbouring states. Engineering colleges, medical colleges, hotel
management institutions, research institutes, technical training
institutes and other higher order educational facilities has transformed
the city into an educational hub. Several such initiatives are also in
pipeline which will strengthen the image further. Most of the
investments are from the private sector with regulatory presence from
the affiliated public authorities. Growing IT and ITES sector has
contributed significantly to this trend.
Many super specialty health facilities have also come up along with
research facilities to cater to the local and regional demand. Most of
the investments are from large corporate groups with significant brand
image and operational experience.
Rise in investment in the health and educational services will continue

in an increasing fashion, mostly to cater to the medical and higher
education needs for the higher income groups who used to migrate to
alternative destinations away from the state. Moreover, these facilities
will also try to tap the demand-supply gap existing in the adjoining
regions (mostly other parts of Orissa, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh and
Andhra Pradesh).
Real Estate Development:
Owing to the rapid population growth and rising intensity of urban

functions in Bhubaneswar, rapid expansion of real estate development
has taken place in the region. Growth of real estate activities has also

`
led to boom in building construction and building material

manufacturing activities.
Real estate development has been rapid along the Nandankanan road,
NH-5, Cuttack-Puri Road (Rasulgarh to Ravi Talkies and beyond).
Huge amount of residential floor spaces are developed followed by
commercial floor spaces as well as institutional spaces.
Escalation of land prices has been phenomenal in some of the place

mostly due to speculation. Though it is very natural to experience a
boom in real estate activities for an upcoming urban center like
Bhubaneswar, but there is growing opinion to tag it as a the ‘Real
Estate Bubble’ which may burst leading to slump in real estate
activities.
Banking and Institutions:
Rise in trading functions and rising affluence necessitates growth of

banking and financial services. To tap the investment potential in this
region, many leading banking and financing institutions has opened
and intensified their operation in Bhubaneswar. This not only adds to
the employment opportunity in the region but improves the business
environment – there by attracting larger share of investments in the
region.
Tourism
This region is not only endowed but also surrounded with rich historical
and cultural heritage. Huge influx of domestic and international tourists
can be observed all round the year which has led to rapid proliferation
of tourism enabled service sector. Bhubaneswar acts as a hub for the
tourist destinations (spokes) located within the adjoining catchment
area within 100 kms radius. However, there is a need to upgrade its
tourism support infrastructure to meet the growing demand, adding to
employment opportunities for the people in the region. It should be
noted that expansion of tourism related activities has multiplier effect
on other urban activities such as retail trade and commerce, hospitality
services, transport services as well as banking and financial services.
Information Technology Enabled Services:
Bhubaneswar has been branded as the emerging ITES hub of the

eastern India. Most of the Indian software giants have either opened up
their campuses or are in a process of setting up their campuses in
Bhubaneswar. There has been a conscious effort from the state
government to provide the right environment for this sector to flourish
to its fullest potential. Growth of this sector not only has provided direct
employment opportunities to the region but also created a huge scope
for vast array of ancillary services. Growth in real estate development,

educational services as well as retail trade and commerce can be
attributed to some extent to rapid expansion of this sector. In short, it
would not be an exaggeration to proclaim that this component of the
service sector has the potential to acquire the status of economic
engine for the entire BCUC region and even beyond that.
5.3.2 Future Profile of Local Economy

The relative share of primary sector activities to the local economy in
terms of employment and income is expected come down with greater
dependence on secondary and tertiary sector activities. Large scale
conversion of land and change in work force absorption in high-wage
non-primary activities will be the key reason for this structural
transformation.
5.3.2.1 Primary Sector Activities
Agriculture and plantation based activities:
The share of land dedicated to agriculture will reduce drastically in the

coming years. Moreover, the residual land left for primary sector
activities will be more organised and oriented towards high yield
produce.
In the planning zones delineated for BDPA region, agriculture and

plantation based activities has been recommended in Sribantapur
(Zone no. 14) as well as in Dhauli (Zone no. 19) as shown in Map-14.4
and Map 14.10.
Livestock and Animal Husbandry:
Pisiculture, dairy farming and animal husbandry can be the next major
primary sector occupation as there already exists a large local market
for consumption.
Sribantapur (Zone no. 14) has been identified for animal husbandry
and live stock farming. Looking at the existing food processing setup,
though at modest level, it is expected that rise in animal husbandry will
encourage dairy and other modern food processing activities in this
region.
5.3.2.2 Secondary Sector Activities
A decline in manufacturing activities is observed within BDPA region.

Many of the industries have either stopped their operation or become
sick. Many of the industrial estates have failed to attract expected level
of industrial investment despite providing adequate infrastructure. In
recent times, there has been a conscious effort to keep the polluting

`
industries at bay from the BCUC regions especially from the

Bhubaneswar area.
Huge expansion is contemplated in the industrial sector primarily
concentrating on the non-polluting sector. Given the resource
endowments and the industrial investments in the adjoining region, the
following set of Industries have a comparative advantage to come up
within BCUC in the near future:
• Electronics and Hardware manufacturing
• Auto components manufacturing and assembly
• Engineering Goods and allied industries
• Along with these large scale investments, some medium and
small scale sectors shall also gain prominence such as:
Leather and textile including handlooms and local handicrafts
Food Processing Industries including Dairy Products etc.
The population of the BCUC is expected to increase by 2.5 times by

2030. Moreover the buoyant real estate market indicates huge addition
of built up area (residential, commercial and other allied activities) –
necessitating large scale construction activity. This will induce a
derived demand for an organised building material industry diverse in
nature, ranging from prefabrication to modular construction. This shall
spawn a huge employment, as well.
On the southern end, Jatani (Zone no. 25) has been identified for
machine and automobile parts assembly along with extensive building
materials and pre-fabricated component processing.
There is a need for revival of the small scale and cottage industries
and textile industries in Khurda (Zone No. 23) – through financial and
organizational patronage from State Government.
Sribantapur (Zone no. 14) has been identified as Dairy and food
processing hub of the BCUC region.
5.3.2.3 Tertiary Sector Activities
Administrative functions
Concentration of state or district level administrative functions within

Bhubaneswar provides ample employment opportunity, and will
continue to do so in future. Moreover, an array of semi-public / private
offices and administrative as well as diplomatic functions of national
and international significance will locate themselves in proximity to the
state capital functions, thus converting it into a regional level
administrative hub in future.
Bhubaneswar new town area (Zone no. 17) is identified for expansion
of administrative function mostly state and national level, diplomatic
enclaves, high end corporate offices and nodal headquarters of
financial and banking institutions. Khurda will continue to serve and

expand as district level administrative centers.
Information Technology & Enabled Services
The Bhubaneswar region has been branded as the emerging ITES hub
of the eastern India. Growth of this sector will not only provide direct
employment opportunities from within the nation as well as the region
but also create a huge scope for vast array of ancillary services and
associated indirect employment from the region. With the huge influx of
high-wage earning IT and other related white collar professionals, there
shall be an induced boom in sectors such as real estate (the need for
housing), commercial (the need for office space), recreation and
hospitality (the need for a lifestyle). With the rising per capita
purchasing power, the propensity and willingness to consume for a
high end standard of living will spur off an associated pattern of parallel
employment and economy – mostly in the low end supporting services.
As a whole, this knowledge based service sector shall acquire the
status of economic mainstay of the BCUC region.
Growth in real estate functions, educational services as well as retail

trade and commerce will be crucial for the future growth of ITES.
Tamando (Zone no. 21) and Chandrasekharpur (Zone no. 13) has
been identified as Information Technology Hub of the BCUC region.
Tamando area will focus more on large IT campuses as well as IT
SEZ’s whereas growth of smaller players can be suitably
accommodated within the Chandrasekharpur area.
Trade and Commerce
Most of the wholesale trading as well as warehousing activities in

Bhubaneswar are located near the Rasulgarh area. Being very close to
the intersection of NH-5 and Cuttack-Puri Road, it sometimes interferes
with the vehicular movement – thus necessitating relation in long term.
East Kuakhai (Zone no. 15) has been identified as wholesale hub to
cater to the needs of Bhubaneswar – mostly due to its proximity to
proposed ring road on eastern periphery of BCUC (Pipili-Nirgundi link).
Most of the perishable goods arrive at Bhubaneswar either from Puri or
from Balasore – making this location as the entry point to the city.
Retail trade and commerce also acquires prime position in the local
economy of Khurda – which is recently passing through a phase of
decline. With the revival of the small scale and cottage level industries,
there is a strong possibility of emerging as textile and craft trading hub.
Based on the regional level rail connectivity wholesale trade and

commerce flourished in Jatani – however, declining share of freight
movement via rail has reduced its vitality. Jatani (Zone no. 25) has also

`
been recommended to develop as important freight transshipment hub

along with whole sale trading facilities. Being located in the southern
tip, this will offer a complementary role to proposed logistic functions at
Nirgundi in the extreme north.
With the integrated urban proposals of Truck terminals, upgraded Bus

terminals and Railway Stations, new residential and institutional
functions, there shall follow an immediate spur of retail trading hubs
within BCUC. Apart from Bhubaneswar new town area,
Chandrasekharpur (Zone no. 13) and Barang (Zone no. 10) will also
emerge as next order retail and commerce hub in the BDPA region.
Health and Education Services
In the years to come, BDPA can emerge as the regional provider of

specialized health and educational services catering to the demand of
the Orissa and also to the neighbouring states.
Tamando (Zone no. 21) has been identified as provider of super

specialty health facilities along with medical college and regional and
national level educational campuses etc.
Arugul near Jatani (Zone no. 25) has already been earmarked for
upcoming Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar campus.
On the other side, Dhauli (Zone no. 19) has been earmarked for area
intensive pisciculture, horticulture, agriculture research institutions.
Real Estate Development
Owing to the rapid population growth and rising intensity of urban

functions in Bhubaneswar and Cuttack, rapid expansion of real estate
development is speculated within the region. The phenomenal rise in
IT, ITES and other service sector employment will induce huge
demand for residential floor spaces (group housing and service
apartments) followed by commercial floor spaces and institutional
spaces.
Escalation of land prices has been astronomical in some of the places

mostly due to speculation leading to a real estate bubble. The growth
rate of the built up area is non-commensurate with the growth rate of
the land prices. Existence of high priced land remaining vacant in the
vicinity of Bhubaneswar provides ample evidence to the fact that the
rise in land prices is not due to existing gap between demand and
supply but more due to speculative forces. Though it’s very natural to
experience a boom in real estate activities for an upcoming urban
center like Bhubaneswar, there is a need to deflate the ‘Real Estate
Bubble’ which might otherwise lead to a slump in real estate activities.
One of the many ways to control the speculative forces is through
increase in supply of developed land with commensurate physical and

social infrastructure within BDPA.
Chandrasekharpur (Zone no. 13) and Tamando (Zone no. 21) have
been identified for development of large residential townships. On the
other hand area between Cuttack and Bhubaneswar i.e. East Kuakhai
(Zone no. 15) which was earlier a flood prone zone has been proposed
for residential development and various other activities. Jatani (Zone
no. 25) has also been proposed for the growth of various institutional
and industrial activities along with residential development.
Sisupal (Zone no. 16) has been proposed to develop heritage resorts,
star category hotels, convention centers, academy of crafts, exhibition
centers etc.
Low and medium rise and density housing has been recommended in
Aiginia (Zone no. 20).
Banking and Financial Institutions
Rise in trading functions and rising affluence necessitates growth of

banking and financial services. Higher order activities will more or less
concentrate in the CBD areas of Bhubaneswar. However, lower order
functions will follow the distribution of retail, institutional and residential
functions.
Tourism
Study of past trends in tourist inflow and the potentials of the BDPA
region to attract tourists, augmentation of the existing tourist facilities
as well development of new concepts to boost tourism in the BDPA
have been proposed incorporating the rich cultural and historical
heritage of the region.
The zones of Old Bhubaneswar- Dhauli - Sisupal have been delineated

as the socio-cultural hub of the BDPA region. Various activities such as
the Heritage interpretation centre, Dhauli Peace Park, Utkal Sanskriti
Prangan, Art and Craft Village, Fair and Festival grounds, Theological
Universities, Meditation Centers etc. have been proposed to facilitate
as well as attract tourists.
Towards Southern part the zone of Barunei has also been proposed
with historical and heritage based activities. Moreover the natural
assets of the BDPA area make it an ideal location for eco - tourism.
Thus zone wise numerous proposals have been specified which will
help in revenue generation and development of the economy of the
BDPA area.

Traffic and transportation 6
Introduction
6.1 Introduction
Transportation demand is a direct derivative of economic activities

dictated by their spatial manifestations and their scale of operation.
Looking at the importance of the land use–transport interface, transport
infrastructure is often termed as the pinnacle on which growth and
development rests. In this chapter, we will first provide an overview of the
travel characteristics observed in BDPA and then proceed to analyze the
connectivity issues for road/rail/air based movement including passenger
and freight. This will be followed by a brief discussion of the existing
transit and terminal facilities. Parking characteristics acquires an
increasing importance in urban planning as the vehicle ownership and
inclination for private transit modes rises. This aspect has been
addressed in detail to identify the issues relevant for planning future
needs. Finally a set of actions and recommendations has been given to
meet the future mobility requirements.
It is important to note that this exercise is based on the vision outline

provided in the Perspective Plan for Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Urban
Complex: Vision-2030. It will be better if these recommendations are read
in conjunction with Vision – 2030 document, especially with the proposals
for Traffic and Transportation as well as spatio-economic allocation of
future urban functions. Moreover, this work should not be interpreted as
Traffic and Transportation Plan for BCUC, rather as a certain set of
recommendations to upgrade the existing transport infrastructure to
realize the goals of Vision-2030 made for BCUC.
A great deal of information presented in this chapter has been based on

the surveys conducted by IIT Kharagpur and data provided by RITES
collected for preparation of Mass Transit System for Cuttack and
Bhubaneswar.
6.2 Overview of Travel Characteristics
6.2.1 Vehicle Ownership Pattern

Nearly 4/5th of the vehicle stock in Bhubaneswar comprises of two-
wheelers and the numbers are growing at a rate of 24 percent per
annum. The average growth rate of all types of vehicles is around 19
percent (in 2000-2004). The vehicle registration records are represented
in Table-6.1.
6 Traffic and Transportation
Overview of Travel Characteristics
Table-6.1: Vehicle Registration Records

for Bhubaneswar
Total Registered up Registered

Sl. Registered in Registered in Registered in
Mode to in
No. 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03
31st March, 2004 2003-04
1 Two-wheeler 246244 19883 20521 23120 28675
2 Car 22244 2261 1893 2269 2093
3 Taxi 6236 479 681 953 948
4 Jeep 4816 165 251 261 385
5 Auto-rickshaw 8390 1284 1364 1213 1320
6 Bus 1586 41 43 71 76
6a Stage carriage 1083 41 43 71 76
Contract
6b 503 0 0 0 0
carriage
7 Goods vehicle 9556 602 718 1058 1470
8 Tractor & Trailer 5159 752 585 449 247
9 Others 2895 76 188 255 169
Total 307126 25543 26244 29649 35383
Source: Mass Transit System for Cuttack and Bhubaneswar, RITES 2008.
The growth of 2-wheeler has been rapid and steadily increasing,

especially in comparison to car. This is clearly evident from Figure-6.1
which presents the share of total vehicular stock being added in last four
years – both for two-wheelers and cars.
16.00
14.00
12.00
Share of total vehicle stock (%)
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Year
Two-wheeler Car
Two-wheeler growth trend Car growth trend
Fig-6.1: Growth of Two-Wheeler and

Car in Bhubaneswar

Nearly 10.67 percent of the households have owned a car whereas two-
wheelers are owned by 48.69 percent of the households as shown in
Table-6.2. It is strange to observe that the bicycle ownership is less than
the two-wheeler ownership. Probably, difficult terrain, high trip length and
increasing affordability have led this shift to motorised mode.
Table-6.2: Vehicle Ownership Level (per capita and

household level)
Vehicle ownership Vehicle ownership

Sl. No. Mode
levels of HHs (%) per 1000 population
1 Car 10.67 15
2 Two-wheeler 48.69 85
3 Bicycle 38.01 71
4 Cycle-rickshaw 1.85 3
5 Auto-rickshaw 0.46 1
6 Taxi 0.07 0
7 Bus 0.18 0
8 LCV/Truck 0.00 0
9 Others 0.07 0
Total 100.00 175
6.2.2 Travel Characteristics
It has been observed that the dependence on private transit for

household travel is considerably high, nearly 55 percent as represented
in Table-6.3. Out of this 70 percent is motorised and rest non-motorised
in nature. The share of para-transit and public transit is low and similar in
figure. On the other hand, a considerable volume of walking trips are
observed, which account for more than 1/5th of the total trips. Lack of
adequate and appropriate public transit system has led to proliferation of
private mode vehicles, especially two-wheelers. Para transit dependence
is also in rise and has replaced public transit alternatives in many areas,
especially with higher affordability. Increasing reliance on private transit
and para transit is the primary contributing factor to the growing traffic
congestion in Bhubaneswar, especially during the morning and evening
peak hours.
Table-6.3: Mode Choice for Travel in

Bhubaneswar
Sl. Share of Household trips

Mode Modal split
No. (%)
1 Car 5.87
55.01 %
2 Two-wheeler 32.69
Private Transit
3 Bicycle 16.45 (including motorised and non-motorised)
4 Cycle-rickshaw 1.54
5 Auto-rickshaw 2.44 11.61 %
Shared Auto- Intermediate Public Transit/Para-Transit
6 7.62 (including motorised and non-motorised)
rickshaw
7 Taxi 0.01
8 Bus 10.29
11.84 %
9 Train 0.35
Public Transit
10 Chartered Bus 1.2
11 Walk 21.54
Total 100.00
The trip characteristics for work trips, education trips, shopping trips and
medical trips are represented in Table-6.4, 6.5, 6.6 & 6.7. The overall
work trip distances are quite high especially for the BDPA rural and
Jatani as they mostly depend on Bhubaneswar town for employment.
The mode transfer rate is also observed to be low for all type of trips. The
predominant mode for all types of trips includes two-wheeler, auto-
rickshaw, bicycle and walk.
Table 6.4: Work Trip Characteristics for

Bhubaneswar
Stratum
Sl.
BDPA
No. Type Bhubaneswar MC Khurda (M) Jatani (M)
Rural
1 2 3 6 8 9
Avg. no of modes
1 1.07 1.01 1.03 1.11 1.36 1.12
used
8
2 Predominant mode 8 (51.79%) 8 (59.83%) 8 (53.83%) 1 (36.55%) 1 (35.20%)
(38.19%)
Average Trip
3 5.66 4.32 6.67 7.93 9.88 3.96
distance in km
Average travel time
4 16.4 14 19.5 22.8 20.2 10.9
in minutes
Average Expenditure
5 14.37 8.01 12.93 12.64 10.96 5.51
in Rs.
Source: Socio-Economic survey, 2006, I IT Kharagpur, in Collaboration with

SPARC, Bhubaneswar
Mode of Transportation: Walk = 1, Public Bus = 2, Institutional Transport = 3,
Train= 4, Taxi = 5, Auto-rickshaw = 6, Own Car = 7,
Scooter / Motor Bike =8, Cycle = 9, Other = 10.

Table 6.5: Education Trip Characteristics for

Bhubaneswar
Stratum
Sl.
BDPA Khurda Jatani
No. Type Bhubaneswar MC
Rural (M) (M)
1 2 3 6 8 9
1 Avg. no of modes used 1.03 1.03 1.01 1.02 1.13 1.17
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 Predominant mode
(53.40%) (41.56%) (50.83%) (88.36%) (80.95%) (51.96%)
3 Average Trip distance in km 2.07 2.64 2.38 1.72 1.71 2.26
4 Average travel time in minutes 16.4 14 19.5 22.8 20.2 10.9
5 Average Expenditure in Rs. 3.24 6.38 5.53 6.48 3.00 5.40
Source: Socio-Economic survey, 2006, I I T Kharagpur, in Collaboration with SPARC, Bhubaneswar

Mode of Transportation: Walk = 1, Public Bus = 2, Institutional Transport = 3, Train = 4, Taxi = 5, Auto-rickshaw = 6,
Own Car = 7, Scooter / Motor Bike = 8, Cycle = 9, Other = 10.
Table 6.6: Shopping Trip Characteristics for

Bhubaneswar
Stratum
Sl.
BDPA Khurda
No. Type Bhubaneswar MC Jatani (M)
Rural (M)
1 2 3 6 8 9
8 8 8 9 8 8
2 Predominant mode
(45.68%) (49.23%) (43.66%) (33.22%) (53.26%) (61.43%)
4 Average travel time in minutes 13.20 13.40 15.00 26.30 9.60 8.00

Own Car = 7, Scooter / Motor Bike = 8, Cycle = 9, Other = 10.
Table 6.7: Medical Trip Characteristics

for Bhubaneswar
Sl. Stratum
No. BDPA Khurda
Type Bhubaneswar MC Jatani (M)
Rural (M)
1 2 3 6 8 9
8 8 8 6 6 8
2 Predominant mode
(38.41%) (41.96%) (44.72%) (44.23%) (60.78%) (36.55%)
4 Average travel time in minutes 10.9 11.8 15.6 25.8 11.3 9.5

Own Car = 7, Scooter / Motor Bike = 8, Cycle = 9, Other =10.
Road Transportation
6.3 Road Transportation
6.3.1 Regional Level and Local Level Linkages

Bhubaneswar is linked with Puri via Cuttack-Puri Road (NH-203) which
has double lane carriageway (intermediate lane at selected stretches)
and passes through many congested human settlements. This results in
significant interference to vehicular traffic operations on this regional
corridor causing a considerable delay in travel. Mixing of the local traffic
with the regional traffic further reduces the level of service in this vital
regional link.
The NH-5 forms the major link to connect important urban centers down
the south such as the Vijaywada, Rajamundry, Warangal,
Vishakhapatnam, Hyderabad on one side and it further extends itself and
merges with other NH links to connect with Kolkata, Ranchi, Tata,
Asansol–Durgapur and the rest of North India via Balasore and
Kharagpur .
Even most of the intercity interaction between Cuttack and Bhubaneswar
takes place along this NH-5.and through another subsidiary link via
Nandankanan Road and Barang Road.
The connectivity with Rourkela, Sambalpur, Raipur, Nagpur along with

Mumbai is through Cuttack via road (NH-42). There is also an
established connectivity with Paradeep Port through the Jagatsinghpur
district via Cuttack-Paradeep road. Moreover a parallel link to the
Cuttack- Paradeep road exists from NH-5A which emanates immediately
north of the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Urban Complex boundary.
A crucial connection exists between the Western districts of Orissa and

this region via NH-224. This link connects the capital region of the state
with one of the most under-developed regions within the state of Orissa.
Regional freight movement passes through many busy urban settlements

within Bhubaneswar. This has caused serious interference with the intra-
urban movement resulting in intermixing of the local traffic with the
regional traffic, reduction in travel speed, along with high accident rates.
Stretches along NH-5, from Rasulgarh SQ to Khandagiri, exhibit critical
conditions. A greater bypass alignment from Nirgundi to Kuradmal via
Athagarh has been identified to alleviate this problem through diversion
of the regional freight movement from BCUC.
The intra-urban linkages within the Bhubaneswar town also vary

considerably according to hierarchy and physical attributes. Three distinct
types of road network are observed in old town area, capital town area
and the new town area along Chandrasekharpur. The features of the
road network within these three areas are listed as following.

Road Transportation
Old town area:
1. Characterized by narrow winding roads, mostly single or

intermediate roads
2. Improper geometry of road intersection
3. Haphazard nature of on-street parking
4. Limited Right off Way restrains the road capacity and limits the
scope of expansion, both horizontal and vertical; it further
restricts the access of large vehicles
5. Predominance of pedestrian and slow moving vehicles
6. Poor carriageway surface quality at stretches
7. Railway line acting as physical barrier of interaction between the
Old town from the Capital town
Capital Town Area:
1. Exhibits a planned road layout with a hierarchical system of

collector and feeder streets
2. Capacity adequate for links and intersection with ample scope for
future expansion.
3. Regular geometry of roads and intersections
4. Quality of road surfaces is fairly good.
5. Ample scope to provide off-street at grade parking facilities to
cater to the future parking demand
6. Interface of the urban arterial system with the NH-5 problematic.
New Town Area:
1. Road system evolved to cater to the new development

encompassing the newly constituted IT parks, education/health
campus developments, residential townships along NH-5 and
Nandankanan road.
2. Most of the development is ribbon type along the arterials and
non existence of parallel or feeder roads might pose a problem in
the future.
3. Requires capacity augmentation and surface quality up gradation
in most of the links.
The road network in Khurda and Jatani is similar to any other small
municipal towns. Though Khurda has grown entirely in an organic
fashion, Jatani has been partially developed as institutional township.
The road link between Jatani and Bhubaneswar is indirect i.e. via NH-5
which has been one of the single most impediment towards its interaction
with Bhubaneswar. On the other hand, Khurda is very close to the NH-5
and therefore enjoys much higher level of road connectivity with
Bhubaneswar.
Road Transportation
The connectivity of the rural areas within the BDPA is weak, especially
the rural areas lying on the western part of the BDPA region (near the
reserve forest area) as well as the intervening rural parts between
Khurda/Jatani and Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation area.
An inventory of all types of roads including the regional and local linkages
has been prepared with the help of Satellite images and ground
verification as shown in Map-6.1. A summary of distribution of roads
according to type has been presented in Table-6.8.
Table-6.8: Distribution of Roads

According to Type
Sl.
Road Type Length (kms) Share (%)
No.
1 National Highway (6-lane) 41.0 2.09
2 National Highway 15.4 0.79
3 State Highway 4.9 0.25
4 6-Lane Road 6.7 0.34
5 4-Lane Road 25.9 1.32
6 2-Lane Road 145.6 7.43
7 30 ft Concrete Road 0.7 0.04
8 30 ft Road 309.5 15.79
10 20 ft Road 319.3 16.28
12 10 ft Road 183.5 9.36
13 Institutional Road (Earthen) 1.0 0.05
14 Institutional/Private Road 63.4 3.23
15 Private Concrete Road 0.3 0.02
16 Forest Road (Earthen) 21.0 1.07
17 Canal Road 28.7 1.47
18 Canal Road (Earthen) 17.7 0.90
19 Wide Morum Road 681.6 34.76
20 Other Road (Earthen) 82.2 4.19
Total 1960.7 100.00
6.3.2 Connectivity
To assess the level of connectivity enjoyed by various villages and wards

within the planning area, Table-6.9 represents the distribution of
connectivity through various types of road. A brief glance at the table
reflects that rural parts of BDPA have lowest level of connectivity. The
lack of connectivity in the old town parts of the Bhubaneswar Municipal
Corporation area is also significant. It has resulted from the inability of
upgrading linkages in the low lying flood plain areas abutting the old
town.

Road Transportation
Table 6.9: Percentage Distribution of Villages/Wards by

Availability of Approach Road
Sl. Stratum
No. BDPA Khurda Jatani
Type
Bhubaneswar MC Rural (M) (M) BCUC
1 2 3 6 8 9 Total
1 All Weather 75.00 100.00 81.82 60.58 100.00 95.24 85.44
2 Fair Weather 25.00 0.00 18.18 25.00 0.00 4.76 12.16
3 Cart Track 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.62 0.00 0.00 1.6
4 Other 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.81 0.00 0.00 0.8
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
6.3.3 Network Performance
The performance of the road network has been appraised based on

extensive traffic survey of selected intersections and midblocks. The
summary results and findings of this have been presented in the following
section.
6.3.3.1 Intersection Analysis
The summary of intersection analysis has been carried out for 57

selected intersections. Table-6.10 provides a comparative understanding
of the traffic characteristics in terms of freight and passenger vehicle mix
along with share of slow moving and fast moving traffic. A large number
of the intersections along NH-5 and Cuttack-Puri Road has very high
share of freight vehicles. Moreover the share of slow moving traffic is also
very high in the links with considerable fast moving traffic. The pedestrian
count in many intersections is very high coupled with high approaching
vehicular traffic volume.
Road Transportation
Table 6.10: Summary Of Intersection

Traffic Volume Analysis
Share of Total Fast Moving Vehicles (%)

Share of
Share of
Total Total Share of Passenger
Total Slow
Approaching Fast Total
Moving
Volume Moving Passenger
Vehicles Freight
(PCU) Vehicles Carrying Public Private Para
(%)
Sl (%) Vehicles Vehicle Vehicle Transit
no. (%)
Intersection
1:
Morning
1. 5439 3.70 96.30 68.36 12.32 74.28 13.41 31.64
Hansapal Peak
SQ Evening
5568 3.29 96.71 55.59 13.25 75.92 10.82 44.41
Peak
Intersection
2:
Morning
2. 29673 9.76 90.24 39.87 11.27 16.58 72.16 60.13
Rasul Garh Peak
Chowk Evening
13056 6.78 93.22 75.47 9.09 56.42 34.49 24.53
Peak
Intersection
3:
Morning
3. 9570 9.34 90.66 77.01 9.16 63.18 27.66 22.99
Vani Vihar Peak
SQ Evening
15197 12.63 87.37 85.31 3.63 88.69 7.68 14.69
Peak
Intersection
4:
Morning
4. 7688 5.07 94.93 83.12 9.21 59.34 31.45 16.88
Acharya Peak
Vihar SQ Evening
7357 3.96 96.04 83.08 3.82 56.73 39.45 16.92
Peak
Intersection
5:
Morning
5. 14944 5.40 94.60 84.89 9.13 59.07 31.80 15.11
Jaydev Peak
Vihar SQ Evening
12578 5.51 94.49 82.78 9.39 60.24 30.37 17.22
Peak
Intersection
6:
Morning
6. 6678 7.01 92.99 82.81 16.87 56.53 26.60 17.19
Banyan Tree Peak
Chowk Evening
6548 5.27 94.73 70.11 7.74 62.46 29.80 29.89
Peak
Intersection
7:
Morning
7. 8283 6.19 93.81 76.51 7.04 57.63 35.32 23.49
Peak
C.R.P.F SQ
Evening
7457 8.33 91.67 75.09 5.30 61.56 33.14 28.87
Peak
Intersection
8:
Morning
8. 7457 8.33 91.67 75.09 10.91 52.86 36.23 24.91
Baramunda Peak
Fire Stn SQ Evening
8513 4.12 95.88 69.88 6.93 59.41 33.66 30.12
Peak
Intersection
9:
Morning
9. 6678 3.19 96.81 70.58 12.53 61.44 26.03 29.42
Khandagiri Peak
SQ Evening
7466 2.97 97.03 62.09 10.10 61.36 28.54 37.91
Peak
Continued…

Road Transportation

Share of
Share of
Total Fast
Sl Approaching Slow Total
Moving
no Volume Moving Passenger
Vehicles Freight
(%)
(%) Vehicles Vehicle Vehicle Transit
(%)
Intersection
10:
Morning
10 5753 2.56 97.44 60.76 11.61 57.03 31.36 39.24
Kolathia Peak
Chowk Evening 4408 2.59 97.41 61.30 5.40 71.35 23.25 38.70
Peak
Intersection
11:
Morning
11 5711 2.73 97.27 60.89 6.60 66.79 26.61 39.11
Dumduma Peak
Chowk Evening 5177 1.80 98.20 62.36 7.74 61.22 31.04 37.64
Peak
Intersection
12:
Morning
12 457 13.12 86.88 71.75 0.00 66.32 33.68 28.25
Aigania Peak
Chowk Evening
467 17.33 82.67 80.75 0.00 73.08 26.92 19.25
Peak
Intersection
13:
Morning
13 2321 2.71 97.29 50.01 17.11 61.64 21.25 49.99
Tamando Peak
Chowk Evening 2434 1.23 98.77 48.93 17.75 57.77 24.48 51.07
Peak
Intersection
14:
Morning
14 3124 2.11 97.89 56.51 23.26 63.54 13.19 43.49
Peak
C.V.Raman
Evening
3586 1.59 98.41 41.95 23.19 57.36 19.46 58.05
Peak
Intersection
15:
Morning
15 Shyampur 1740 11.20 88.80 90.37 2.15 63.48 34.37 9.63
Peak
Chandaka
Chowk Evening
1149 14.10 85.90 81.76 0.00 56.88 43.12 18.24
Peak
Intersection
16:
Morning 1823 19.58 80.42 90.83 0.00 73.87 26.13 9.17
16 Rental
Peak
Colony
Baramunda Evening 1143 11.55 88.45 83.08 2.64 67.35 30.01 16.92
Peak
Intersection
17:
17
Morning 2096 23.18 76.82 97.24 0.00 79.31 20.69 2.76
Peak
VIP Chowk
Evening
1329 16.70 83.30 91.98 0.00 76.44 23.56 8.02
Peak
Intersection
18:
18
Morning 4877 2.95 97.05 96.55 1.63 63.97 34.40 3.45
St. Xaviers Peak
SQ Evening 2758 4.24 95.76 93.27 0.00 63.46 36.54 6.73
Peak
Continued…
Road Transportation

Share of
Share of
Total Fast
Moving
no. Volume Moving Passenger
Vehicles Freight
(%)
(%)
Intersection
19:
Morning 3937 6.02 93.98 95.59 1.48 65.27 33.25 4.41
19.
Kalinga Peak
Hospital Evening
3614 2.57 97.43 92.81 0.68 59.30 40.02 7.19
Peak
Intersection
20:
20.
Morning 4882 2.40 97.60 94.25 1.16 58.22 40.62 5.75
NALCO Peak
Chowk Evening 3465 2.08 97.92 96.27 2.52 58.55 38.94 3.73
Peak
Intersection
21:
21
Morning 4457 3.10 96.90 97.58 1.58 62.82 35.59 2.42
Omfed Peak
Chowk Evening
3207 3.46 96.54 94.94 1.51 60.52 37.97 5.06
Peak
Intersection
22:
22.
Morning 3613 4.73 95.27 96.78 2.23 50.93 46.83 3.22
Damana Peak
Chowk Evening 2819 3.94 96.06 90.94 2.12 52.08 45.80 3.94
Peak
Intersection
23:
Morning
23. 1544 6.22 93.78 90.80 1.69 57.25 41.06 9.20
Sailashree Peak
Vihar Chowk Evening
1021 10.87 89.13 96.70 5.05 62.22 32.73 3.30
Peak
Intersection
24:
Morning 2226 2.16 97.84 89.39 1.14 56.33 42.53 10.61
24.
C.E.B Peak
Chowk Evening
2039 6.62 93.38 91.02 7.30 62.92 29.77 8.98
Peak
Intersection
25:
Morning
25. 3184 2.45 97.55 91.60 5.46 49.83 44.71 8.40
Infocity Peak
Chowk Evening
2484 4.23 95.77 91.27 9.92 55.82 34.26 8.73
Peak
Intersection
26:
Morning
26. 1986 4.38 95.62 93.75 0.00 42.04 57.96 6.25
Infocity Bus Peak
Stand Evening 860 10.11 89.89 93.25 3.08 55.32 41.60 6.75
Peak
Intersection
27:
Morning
27. 2164 3.74 96.26 86.09 7.06 64.16 28.78 13.91
Peak
KIITS SQ
Evening
1855 9.54 90.46 91.60 14.52 59.72 25.76 8.40
Peak
Continued…

Road Transportation

Share of Share of
Total Total Total Share of Passenger
Sl Approaching Slow Fast Total
no. Volume Moving Moving Passenger
Freight
(PCU) Vehicles Vehicles Carrying Public Private Para
(%) (%) Vehicles Vehicle Vehicle Transit
(%)
Intersection
28:
Morning
28 Sikhar 859 11.53 88.47 90.21 3.24 70.49 26.27 9.79
Peak
Chandi
Chowk Evening
849 12.01 87.99 97.03 12.25 66.23 21.52 2.97
Peak
Intersection
29:
Morning
29 5936 7.99 92.01 87.78 1.85 66.86 31.29 12.22
Peak
Delta Chowk
Evening
4502 7.73 92.27 90.70 2.95 67.75 29.30 9.30
Peak
Intersection
30:
Morning
30 3905 9.14 90.86 95.18 1.97 58.59 39.44 4.82
Peak
Siripur SQ
Evening
3425 11.83 88.17 91.40 5.11 59.24 35.65 8.60
Peak
Intersection
31:
Morning
31 3189 9.41 90.59 87.66 3.51 54.79 41.70 12.34
Ganganagar Peak
Chowk Evening
3280 9.70 90.30 81.93 5.86 52.60 41.54 18.07
Peak
Intersection
32:
Morning
32 2856 15.65 84.35 90.46 4.79 72.63 22.58 9.54
Gopal Peak
Bandhu Evening
2758 14.47 85.53 88.37 3.57 68.80 27.63 11.63
Peak
Intersection
33:
Morning
33 3050 4.23 95.77 90.12 1.69 72.78 25.53 9.88
Raj Bhavan Peak
SQ Evening
3177 3.68 96.32 87.88 0.00 72.34 27.66 12.12
Peak
Intersection
34:
Morning
34 Power 4690 13.37 86.63 94.31 1.94 70.50 27.56 5.69
Peak
House
Chowk Evening
5354 8.85 91.15 92.35 1.65 71.72 26.63 7.65
Peak
Intersection
35:
Morning
35 3706 6.07 93.93 94.86 3.60 67.69 28.71 5.14
Peak
Hospital SQ
Evening
4094 8.21 91.79 92.50 3.19 66.77 30.04 7.50
Peak
Intersection
36:
Morning
36 8681 7.91 92.09 94.06 2.17 63.84 33.99 5.94
Peak
A.G SQ
Evening
9183 7.48 92.52 94.58 3.80 68.57 27.63 5.42
Peak
Continued…
Road Transportation

Share of
Share of
Total Fast
Approaching Slow Total
Moving
Vehicles Freight
(%)
no. (%)
Intersection
37:
Morning
37. 6873 8.29 91.71 93.27 1.64 64.07 34.29 6.73
Rabindra Peak
Mandap Evening
6923 10.01 89.99 93.78 1.79 67.20 31.02 6.22
Peak
Intersection
38:
Morning
38. 6656 9.06 90.94 94.97 1.54 67.35 31.10 5.03
Nicco park Peak
Chowk Evening
4661 8.75 91.25 94.75 2.95 67.27 29.78 5.25
Peak
Intersection
39:
Morning
39. 7161 6.83 93.17 95.01 1.87 65.00 33.13 4.99
Rupali Peak
Chowk Evening
7283 9.06 90.94 98.66 2.04 73.35 24.61 1.34
Peak
Intersection
40:
Morning
40. 8539 4.08 95.92 96.38 1.41 62.11 36.48 3.62
Bayababa Peak
Chowk Evening
8855 4.95 95.05 94.90 1.67 60.17 38.16 5.10
Peak
Intersection
41:
Morning
41. 11094 7.76 92.24 92.00 0.71 69.34 29.95 8.00
Forum mart Peak
SQ Evening
9925 6.86 93.14 95.59 1.26 66.42 32.32 4.41
Peak
Intersection
42:
Morning
42. 10749 9.57 90.43 95.57 3.05 59.49 37.46 4.43
Ram mandir Peak
Chowk Evening
10114 7.00 93.00 92.27 1.62 62.01 36.36 7.73
Peak
Intersection
43:
Morning
43. 8704 7.24 92.76 95.60 2.01 63.01 34.98 4.40
Shriya Peak
Chowk Evening
7382 3.33 96.67 93.36 3.25 67.03 29.72 6.64
Peak
Intersection
44:
Morning
44. Master 11146 3.42 96.58 96.42 4.94 55.87 39.19 3.58
Peak
canteen
Chowk Evening
15139 3.49 96.51 95.38 5.00 56.51 38.49 4.62
Peak
Intersection
45:
Morning
45. 13232 7.21 92.79 94.12 1.73 57.67 40.60 5.88
Raj Mahal Peak
SQ Evening
13712 8.20 91.80 92.93 2.67 65.63 31.70 7.07
Peak
Continued…

Road Transportation

Share of
Share of
Total Fast
Moving
Vehicles Freight
(%)
no (%)
Intersection
46:
46 Morning
5615 8.60 91.40 95.80 1.35 76.43 22.21 4.20
. Sishu Peak
Bhavan SQ Evening
4521 6.11 93.89 86.53 1.21 69.06 29.73 13.47
Peak
Intersection
47:
47 Morning
2972 23.92 76.08 98.04 0.00 83.22 16.78 1.96
. Poonama Peak
Gate SQ Evening
1759 25.07 74.93 91.58 3.68 85.38 10.94 8.42
Peak
Intersection
48:
48 Morning
1631 26.48 73.52 81.29 0.00 85.23 14.77 18.71
. Sundarpad Peak
a SQ Evening
690 26.97 73.03 89.64 0.00 84.05 15.95 10.36
Peak
Intersection
49:
49 Saheed Morning
2101 31.13 68.87 92.78 0.00 91.96 8.04 7.22
. Nagar Peak
Level Evening
Crossing 2217 22.19 77.81 89.25 2.88 89.32 7.79 10.75
Peak
Intersection
50:
50 Morning
4326 11.58 88.42 85.02 7.34 63.51 29.15 14.98
. Lakshmi Peak
sagar SQ Evening
6113 8.49 91.51 81.16 4.26 68.79 26.96 18.84
Peak
Intersection
51:
51 Morning
Chintamani 5207 16.88 83.12 88.48 7.60 57.93 34.47 11.52
. Peak
swar
Chowk Evening
6141 7.87 92.13 83.73 5.84 68.33 25.84 16.27
Peak
Intersection
52:
52 Morning
10697 18.87 81.13 91.79 2.52 64.18 33.30 8.21
. Kalpana Peak
SQ Evening
10357 14.57 85.43 88.14 2.68 67.78 29.54 11.86
Peak
Intersection
53:
53 Morning
6758 11.36 88.64 82.83 4.95 70.87 24.19 17.17
. Rabi Peak
Talkies SQ Evening
4671 11.62 88.38 86.44 5.63 67.13 27.24 13.56
Peak
Intersection
54:
54 Morning
4302 9.97 90.03 80.59 9.07 66.71 24.22 19.41
. Garage SQ Peak
Chowk Evening
3221 12.85 87.15 82.79 10.28 60.81 28.92 17.21
Peak
Continued…
Road Transportation

Share of
Share of
Total Fast
Moving
Vehicles Freight
(%)
no. (%)
Intersection 55:
Morni
55. 3243 12.40 87.60 92.93 7.61 72.39 20.00 7.07
Samantarapura ng
Chowk Eveni
ng 2781 13.05 86.95 84.99 15.18 58.54 26.28 15.01
Intersection 56:
Morni
56.
ng 2910 9.69 90.31 73.63 13.55 70.32 16.13 26.37
Nuagaon Chowk
Eveni
2410 11.95 88.05 80.01 13.22 63.45 23.33 19.99
ng
Intersection 57:
Morni
57. 1975 7.44 92.56 87.00 9.36 70.27 20.37 13.00
Indira Colony ng
Chowk Eveni
ng 2273 7.00 93.00 74.99 23.54 61.32 15.14 25.01
6.3.3.2 Midblock Analysis

In this section, summary of traffic characteristics for selected 73 mid
blocks has been represented in Table-6.11.
Table-6.11: Summary of Midblock Traffic

Characteristics

Share of Share of
Total Total Total Share of Passenger
Sl Approaching Slow Fast Total
no. Volume Moving Moving Passenger
Freight
(PCU) Vehicles Vehicles Carrying Public Private Para
(%) (%) Vehicles Vehicle Vehicle Transit
(%)
Midblock 1
Morning
1. 5278.2 3.35 96.65 67.51 12.80 74.30 12.89 32.49
Peak
1 - Cuttack
Evening
5444.7 2.87 97.13 54.78 2.90 75.13 11.18 45.22
Peak
Midblock 2
Morning
2. 11762.1 6.80 93.20 48.49 11.88 35.64 52.48 51.51
Peak
1-2
Evening
6876.3 5.10 94.90 65.52 11.87 62.87 25.26 34.48
Peak
Continued…

Road Transportation

Share of
Share of
Total Fast
Moving
Vehicles Freight
(%)
(%)
Midbloc
k3
Morning
3. 10073.25 7.83 92.17 45.81 11.15 31.16 57.69 54.19
Peak
2-3
Evening
6627.6 11.02 88.98 73.84 6.85 39.82 53.33 26.16
Peak
Midbloc
k4
Morning
4. 7244.7 10.31 89.69 55.76 7.83 31.88 60.28 44.24
Peak
2 - 50
Evening
5932.65 6.47 93.53 80.79 7.73 60.95 31.32 19.21
Peak
Midbloc
k5
Morning
5. 5474.4 5.21 94.79 73.49 13.31 58.21 28.48 26.51
Peak
3-4
Evening
6599.7 4.59 95.41 57.42 7.56 35.68 56.76 42.58
Peak
Midbloc
k6
Morning
6. 5585.25 5.45 94.55 80.63 7.54 57.37 35.09 19.37
Peak
3-39
Evening
6840.45 5.64 94.36 64.05 6.04 47.08 46.88 35.95
Peak
Midbloc
k7
Morning
7. 5626.95 3.79 96.21 83.59 14.10 50.76 35.14 16.41
Peak
4-5
Evening
6084.75 30.86 69.14 67.61 16.01 49.60 34.39 32.39
Peak
Midbloc
k8
Morning
8. 4408.8 7.93 92.07 93.41 2.05 63.93 34.02 6.59
Peak
4-38
Evening
3298.05 6.41 93.59 95.67 2.39 61.04 36.58 4.33
Peak
Midbloc
k9
Morning
9. 4651.05 4.87 95.13 78.13 12.98 59.94 27.08 21.87
Peak
5-6
Evening
4313.85 4.76 95.24 68.59 7.04 64.22 28.74 31.41
Peak
Midbloc
k 10
Morning
10. 4194.15 4.33 95.67 94.62 5.79 58.97 35.24 5.38
Peak
5-18
Evening
2903.7 5.22 94.78 92.17 7.05 55.58 37.37 7.83
Peak
Midbloc
k 11
Morning
11. 3239.1 8.98 91.02 91.90 4.94 66.71 28.35 8.10
Peak
5-34
Evening
Peak 2633.1 7.41 92.59 90.37 4.21 69.92 25.87 9.63
Continued…
Road Transportation

Share of Share of
Total Share of Passenger
Total Slow Total Fast
Sl Approaching Total
Moving Moving
no. Volume Passenger
Vehicles Vehicles Freight
(PCU) Carrying Public Private Para
(%) (%)
Vehicles Vehicle Vehicle Transit
(%)
Midblock
12
Morning
12. 4815.9 6.04 93.96 76.46 11.03 56.71 32.26 23.54
Peak
6-7
Evening
4621.35 5.32 94.68 69.15 7.91 62.54 29.55 30.85
Peak
Midblock
13
Morning
13. 4966.8 4.71 95.29 67.67 14.24 49.60 36.16 32.33
Peak
7-8
Evening
5432.7 3.40 96.60 62.22 8.81 57.93 33.26 37.78
Peak
Midblock
14
Morning
14. 2816.4 9.16 90.84 82.05 7.46 70.24 22.30 17.95
Peak
5-17
Evening
2254.05 6.26 93.74 79.31 11.80 64.58 23.63 20.69
Peak
Midblock
15
Morning
15. 1850.1 15.57 84.43 95.74 0.00 75.93 24.07 4.26
Peak
7-17
Evening
1528.95 13.83 86.17 87.61 0.00 66.21 33.79 12.39
Peak
Midblock
16
Morning
16. 5186.55 3.09 96.91 68.89 13.98 50.15 35.87 31.11
Peak
8-9
Evening
6537 2.09 97.91 62.26 9.17 55.00 35.84 37.74
Peak
Midblock
17
Morning
17. 1768.05 19.26 80.74 88.53 0.00 74.36 25.64 11.47
Peak
8-16
Evening
1172.7 12.02 87.98 89.18 1.21 75.97 22.82 10.82
Peak
Midblock
18
Morning
18. 3748.95 7.92 92.08 88.50 2.91 56.64 40.46 11.50
Peak
8-29
Evening
3135.9 5.88 94.12 88.54 3.97 60.90 35.13 11.46
Peak
Midblock
19
Morning
19. 5149.05 1.84 98.16 62.54 13.42 57.16 29.42 37.46
Peak
9-10
Evening
5139.3 1.93 98.07 57.76 9.21 63.79 27.00 42.24
Peak
Midblock
20
Morning
20. 1111.65 8.50 91.50 81.65 12.50 65.11 22.39 18.35
Peak
9-15
Evening
949.35 10.74 89.26 83.68 6.81 66.96 26.23 16.32
Peak
Continued…

Road Transportation

Share of
Share of
Total Total Passenger
Total Fast Share of
Sl Approaching Slow
Moving Total
no. Volume Moving
Vehicles Passenger Freight
(PCU) Vehicles Public Private Para
(%) Carrying
(%) Vehicle Vehicle Transit
Vehicles (%)
Midblock
21
Morning
21. 1699.8 14.12 85.88 84.09 3.35 75.64 21.02 15.91
Peak
9-48
Evening
979.2 11.18 88.82 88.38 5.35 74.36 20.30 11.62
Peak
Midblock
22
Morning
22. 5332.05 2.31 97.69 59.40 10.00 62.08 27.92 40.60
Peak
10-11
Evening
4542.45 1.78 98.22 60.51 7.18 65.71 27.12 39.49
Peak
Midblock
23
Morning
23. 2405.25 1.37 98.63 55.45 8.48 70.53 20.98 44.55
Peak
11-12
Evening
2258.1 1.93 98.07 57.29 9.67 64.79 25.54 42.71
Peak
Midblock
24
Morning
24. 1221.15 3.32 96.68 52.20 15.67 60.96 23.36 47.80
Peak
12-13
Evening
1293.45 2.20 97.80 50.29 16.41 59.07 24.52 49.71
Peak
Midblock
25
Morning
25. 2689.95 1.73 98.27 53.50 21.04 62.41 16.54 46.50
Peak
13-14
Evening
2966.4 1.26 98.74 44.45 21.20 57.60 21.20 55.55
Peak
Midblock
26
Morning
26. 3057.6 1.57 98.43 55.82 23.93 63.21 12.86 44.18
14- Peak
Khurda Evening
3533.1 1.27 98.73 41.27 23.84 56.99 19.17 58.73
Peak
Midblock
27
Morning
27. 1313.4 12.45 87.55 90.92 1.43 64.71 33.86 9.08
Peak
15-16
Evening
897.6 12.87 87.13 81.40 1.74 59.61 38.64 18.60
Peak
Midblock
28
Morning
28. 4285.5 4.10 95.90 96.03 1.60 64.50 33.90 3.97
Peak
18 - 19
Evening
3064.65 2.89 97.11 93.14 0.40 61.29 38.31 6.86
Peak
Midblock
29
Morning
29. 2691.75 3.23 96.77 95.59 0.45 62.68 36.87 4.41
Peak
19-20
Evening
2347.05 2.11 97.89 94.01 1.21 58.79 40.00 5.99
Peak
Continued…
Road Transportation

Share of Share of
Moving Moving
(%) (%)
(%)
Midblock
30
Morning
30. 3193.05 2.16 97.84 95.13 1.25 57.16 41.59 4.87
Peak
20-21
Evening
3012.9 1.99 98.01 95.20 2.25 56.98 40.76 4.80
Peak
Midblock
31
Morning
31. 3142.2 3.53 96.47 97.91 1.50 57.06 41.44 2.09
Peak
21-22
Evening
2297.1 3.85 96.15 93.94 2.33 57.19 40.49 6.06
Peak
Midblock
32
Morning
32. 1779 5.73 94.27 94.70 2.34 52.70 44.96 5.30
Peak
22-23
Evening
1425 5.68 94.32 93.06 1.78 52.65 45.57 6.94
Peak
Midblock
33
Morning
33. 2537.55 2.78 97.22 93.07 2.10 54.52 43.38 6.93
Peak
22-24
Evening
2055.15 4.45 95.55 90.53 5.03 58.18 36.79 9.47
Peak
Midblock
34
Morning
34. 2453.7 2.02 97.98 90.39 3.58 52.25 44.17 9.61
Peak
22-24
Evening
1711.05 5.17 94.83 91.31 8.02 57.15 34.83 8.69
Peak
Midblock
35
Morning
35. 1183.5 1.65 98.35 94.90 1.00 49.57 49.43 5.10
Peak
25-26
Evening
610.2 5.41 94.59 90.96 16.29 52.86 30.86 9.04
Peak
Midblock
36
Morning
36. 2063.25 2.91 97.09 89.22 7.89 55.18 36.93 10.78
Peak
25-27
Evening
1762.95 5.53 94.47 91.77 11.91 57.07 31.01 8.23
Peak
Midblock
37
Morning
37. 936.75 4.80 95.20 85.00 4.91 63.43 31.66 15.00
Peak
26-27
Evening
627.15 11.24 88.76 93.32 12.94 61.65 25.41 6.68
Peak
Midblock
38
Morning
38. 996.9 7.37 92.63 86.71 4.65 67.63 27.73 13.29
Peak
27-28
Evening
988.05 11.39 88.61 91.95 11.03 62.88 26.09 8.05
Peak
Continued…

Road Transportation

Share of
Share of
Total Fast
Moving
Vehicles Freight
(%)
(%)
Midblock
39
Morning
39. 936.75 4.80 95.20 85.00 4.91 63.43 31.66 15.00
Peak
26-27
Evening
627.15 11.24 88.76 93.32 12.94 61.65 25.41 11.24
Peak
Midblock
40
Morning
40. 28 – 705.6 6.80 93.20 88.69 3.81 73.56 22.63 11.31
Peak
Nandan
kanan Evening
706.5 7.22 92.78 96.61 14.02 67.03 18.95 3.39
Peak
Midblock
41
Morning
41. 3113.7 6.84 93.16 92.19 2.91 55.36 41.73 7.81
Peak
29-30
Evening
2569.5 8.41 91.59 89.27 5.47 59.69 34.84 10.73
Peak
Midblock
42
Morning
42. 2855.55 7.14 92.86 91.04 3.22 53.28 43.50 8.96
Peak
30-31
Evening
2589.3 8.17 91.83 88.28 6.75 50.66 42.59 11.72
Peak
Midblock
43
Morning
43. 2884.2 9.10 90.90 90.94 2.79 59.20 38.00 9.06
Peak
31-46
Evening
2801.25 6.64 93.36 84.50 3.72 55.01 41.27 15.50
Peak
Midblock
44
Morning
44. 2222.1 9.59 90.41 89.31 3.53 69.72 26.75 10.69
Peak
32-33
Evening
2181.3 6.67 93.33 85.79 1.49 68.96 29.54 14.21
Peak
Midblock
45
Morning
45. 2407.95 9.41 90.59 92.34 1.30 76.07 22.64 7.66
Peak
33-34
Evening
2437.05 4.99 95.01 89.23 0.73 79.53 19.75 10.77
Peak
Midblock
46
Morning
46. 3496.05 7.04 92.96 92.93 1.84 64.39 33.77 7.07
Peak
33-36
Evening
3585.15 5.82 94.18 90.43 2.56 67.77 29.67 9.57
Peak
Midblock
47
Morning
47. 2908.2 6.55 93.45 93.85 3.79 67.04 29.17 6.15
Peak
35-36
Evening
3458.85 6.42 93.58 94.96 4.71 68.35 26.94 5.04
Peak
Continued…
Road Transportation

Share of Share of
Moving Moving
(%) (%)
(%)
Midblock
48
Morning
48. 1694.55 6.55 93.45 95.76 1.72 84.83 13.45 4.24
Peak
35-46
Evening
1366.5 6.70 93.30 87.51 1.99 82.95 15.06 12.49
Peak
Midblock
49
Morning
49. 5789.4 6.35 93.65 95.47 2.43 53.64 43.93 4.53
Peak
36-45
Evening
5473.8 7.78 92.22 94.26 3.59 58.58 37.83 5.74
Peak
Midblock
50
Morning
50. 3616.5 9.29 90.71 95.23 1.42 72.07 26.51 4.77
Peak
36-37
Evening
4364.4 8.25 91.75 96.84 3.06 76.20 20.73 3.16
Peak
Midblock
51
Morning
51. 2849.7 2.16 97.84 97.61 3.55 57.65 38.80 2.39
Peak
37-44
Evening
3743.55 2.93 97.07 96.84 3.69 57.78 38.53 3.16
Peak
Midblock
52
Morning
52. 4449.3 7.96 92.04 94.65 1.82 63.51 34.67 5.35
Peak
37-38
Evening
4328.1 7.73 92.27 94.22 2.57 63.15 34.28 5.78
Peak
Midblock
53
Morning
53. 1232.55 10.47 89.53 96.98 0.00 78.14 21.86 3.02
Peak
38-40
Evening
1319.55 9.32 90.68 97.22 0.00 65.96 34.04 2.78
Peak
Midblock
54
Morning
54. 6326.1 4.32 95.68 95.53 1.79 60.44 37.77 4.47
Peak
39-40
Evening
6082.65 6.29 93.71 96.43 2.42 65.16 32.42 3.57
Peak
Midblock
55
Morning
55. 6958.65 6.27 93.73 93.85 0.91 67.43 31.66 6.15
Peak
40-41
Evening
7391.25 5.26 94.74 95.19 1.83 63.42 34.74 4.81
Peak
Midblock
56
Morning
56. 2156.7 12.52 87.48 94.71 1.86 66.57 31.56 5.29
Peak
7-34
Evening
2545.8 12.43 87.57 94.99 1.05 66.65 32.30 5.01
Peak
Continued…

Road Transportation

Share of
Share of
Total Fast
Moving
Vehicles Freight
(%)
(%)
Midblock
57
Morning
57. 1730.55 20.46 79.54 95.40 0.00 77.61 22.39 4.60
Peak
40-49
Evening
2046.15 15.54 84.46 91.42 1.41 72.77 25.82 8.58
Peak
Midblock
58
Morning
58. 9605.85 8.14 91.86 93.59 2.12 62.29 35.60 6.41
Peak
41-42
Evening
8622.45 6.54 93.46 93.79 1.67 61.97 36.36 6.21
Peak
Midblock
59
Morning
59. 7455.6 7.06 92.94 95.35 2.98 56.33 40.69 4.65
Peak
42-43
Evening
6645.6 3.39 96.61 93.42 2.80 59.69 37.51 6.58
Peak
Midblock
60
Morning
60. 7279.8 5.30 94.70 95.97 3.93 60.07 36.00 4.03
Peak
43-44
Evening
8226.3 3.25 96.75 94.60 4.84 60.66 34.50 5.40
Peak
Midblock
61
Morning
61. 6550.05 5.22 94.78 95.69 3.93 57.08 38.99 4.31
Peak
44-45
Evening
7915.05 4.59 95.41 94.50 4.53 62.35 33.12 5.50
Peak
Midblock
62
Morning
62. 4229.55 9.08 90.92 93.72 0.92 67.11 31.96 6.28
Peak
45-46
Evening
3869.1 8.37 91.63 91.62 0.34 72.50 27.15 8.38
Peak
Midblock
63
Morning
63. 7616.55 11.11 88.89 92.49 0.77 58.03 41.20 7.51
Peak
45-52
Evening
7544.4 11.61 88.39 92.49 1.75 64.50 33.76 7.51
Peak
Midblock
64
Morning
64. 2919.15 16.85 83.15 96.18 0.95 74.38 24.67 3.82
Peak
46-47
Evening
2182.2 13.75 86.25 88.56 2.00 69.20 28.80 11.44
Peak
Midblock
65
Morning
65. 2181.15 25.24 74.76 92.68 0.00 84.12 15.88 7.32
Peak
47-48
Evening
1184.55 25.20 74.80 90.79 2.76 84.56 12.68 9.21
Peak
Continued…
Road Transportation

Share of Share of
Moving Moving
(%) (%)
(%)
Midblock
66
Morning
66. 4505.1 14.22 85.78 86.81 7.90 59.02 33.09 13.19
Peak
50-51
Evening
5756.4 8.13 91.87 82.39 5.39 67.62 26.99 17.61
Peak
Midblock
67
Morning
67. 5255.1 18.92 81.08 88.74 5.82 66.89 27.30 11.26
Peak
51-52
Evening
6077.4 11.92 88.08 83.67 4.92 71.63 23.44 16.33
Peak
Midblock
68
Morning
68. 6648.45 15.95 84.05 90.61 3.97 62.61 33.42 9.39
Peak
52-53
Evening
5386.5 11.67 88.33 88.33 4.35 63.53 32.12 11.67
Peak
Midblock
69
Morning
69. 4327.8 7.76 92.24 81.61 7.31 67.82 24.86 18.39
Peak
53-54
Evening
3121.8 10.43 89.57 84.01 8.25 61.61 30.14 15.99
Peak
Midblock
70
Morning
70. 3137.1 8.85 91.15 85.03 9.50 67.06 23.44 14.97
Peak
54-55
Evening
2559.45 10.55 89.45 85.26 12.97 57.52 29.51 14.74
Peak
Midblock
71
Morning
71. 2939.1 10.41 89.59 83.02 10.59 71.84 17.57 16.98
Peak
55-56
Evening
2471.7 12.14 87.86 81.88 14.46 61.58 23.96 18.12
Peak
Midblock
72
Morning
72. 2239.95 7.03 92.97 78.91 12.51 68.51 18.99 21.09
Peak
56-57
Evening
2119.5 7.01 92.99 77.72 19.51 60.91 19.58 22.28
Peak
Midblock
73
Morning
73. 1854.9 6.31 93.69 86.33 9.92 70.09 20.00 13.67
Peak
57 To Puri
Evening
2163.3 6.24 93.76 73.94 24.88 59.11 16.00 26.06
Peak

Rail and Air Connectivity
6.4 Rail and Air Connectivity
East-Coast railways link Bhubaneswar with Kolkata, Ranchi, Tata,

Asansol – Durgapur and the rest of North India via Balasore and
Kharagpur. On the other hand it provides rail connectivity to the important
urban centers down the South such as the Vijaywada, Rajamundry,
Warangal, Vishakhapatnam along with Hyderabad. Khurda Road and
Bhubaneswar are the two important stations along this route. This region
also enjoys rail connectivity to Paradip, Rourkela, Nagpur and other parts
of central and western India via Cuttack. A rail link to connect the western
districts of Orissa via Khurda is also proposed.
The only major airport in Orissa, the Biju Paitnaik Airport is situated in
Bhubaneswar. The domestic airport has two important airports in the
vicinity, Kolkata and Vishakhapatnam, each at a flying distance of 40
minutes from Bhubaneswar.
The airport has a land area of 816.79 Acres and has a domestic terminal
area of 4143 sq.mt. At present, the runway length is about 7500 ft which
is at an elevation of 146 feet MSL. Approximately 10 to 15 flights are
handled per day, the biggest model operating being the Air Bus 320. The
average flight capacity is about 140 to 180. Currently there are four
airline operators (3 privately managed and 1 public owned) connecting
Bhubaneswar to Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai and Hyderabad.
The Biju Patnaik Airport is presently experiencing a monthly growth rate

of 73.3 % in the total aircraft movement. This remarkable growth rate
may be attributed to the introduction of private low cost airlines in
Bhubaneswar. The quarterly figures of the aircraft movements in the
airport for June 2005 (April to June) and June 2006 are 251 and 435
respectively. In contrast, the aircraft movements in Bangalore for the
June 2006 quarter were 6921.
Bhubaneswar experienced a monthly rise of 33.7% in passenger traffic

(21688 passengers in June 2006 as compared to 16219 passengers in
June 2005). In contrast, Bangalore witnessed 5.79 lakhs passengers in
June 2006 and a steady 41.4% monthly growth in passenger traffic. The
airport at Bhubaneswar handled freight traffic of 70 MT in June 2006 as
against 62 MT in June 2005. The average monthly growth rate was
12.9%. In Bangalore, the aircraft handled 5626 MT in June 2006 and had
a 20.6% monthly growth in cargo traffic volume.
To increase the handling capacity of the domestic airport, keeping in view

the rapid pace of industrialization taking place in Orissa, the state
government of Orissa has provided 75 acres for the expansion of the
runway to 10,500 feet, to handle Boeing 747 aircraft. The current
expansion plan is to increase the existing 7500 feet of runway to 9000
feet with an overall cost of INR 250 crores sanctioned for this purpose.
Transit and Terminal Facilities
The runway extension was expected to be commissioned in September

2006. The next phase is to increase the runway length to a further 13000
feet. However, there exists public dissent on land acquisition and
proposals for relocation.
6.5 Transit and Terminal Facilities
It is quite evident from the socio-economic survey report that out of the
total households in the BDPA only 11.84 percent of the household trips
opt for public transit. The share of para-transit is marginally lower than
the share of public transit i.e. 11.61 percent. A large percentage of the
household trips (more than 55 percent) choose private transit. This
skewness in mode choice is a direct outcome of the existing transit
facilities with inadequate coverage and poor level of service.
A closer look at the Table-6.3 reveals that shared auto-rickshaw is most

preferred among the para-transit modes. This clearly indicates that para
transit has replaced the public transit alternatives by offering efficient
level of service at affordable costs.
Among the public transit modes, bus enjoys highest patronage. The
share of train travel is very low, as it offers very limited inter-urban or
intra-urban commuting choices.
Table-6.12 presents the accessibility via various public/para-transit

modes for villages and wards within the planning area. It clearly shows
that public transit availability within BMC area is around 30 percent
whereas for rural BDPA, Khurda and Jatani the values are less that 10
percent. Within the BMC limits and Khurda, auto-rickshaw has the
maximum coverage. However, this share diminishes considerably in rural
BDPA and Jatani. The choice of transit is conditioned by availability of
transit modes. The very low dependence on either public or para transit
alternatives is a direct outcome of poor coverage of their services. This
has forced people at large to rely of private transit alternatives, especially
two-wheelers which have low capital cost as well as O&M cost
implications.
The city bus service operates within the limits of BMC with limited
connectivity to Dhauli, Pipili, Nandankanan, Phulnakhra, Jatani, Khurda
and Cuttack. There are 9 routes with operating fleet strength of nearly 50
busses. The entire operation is under private management. The routing
and scheduling is primarily guided by commuter demand and the official
operating schedules is frequently flouted. The deficiency of bus services
has led to rapid proliferation of auto-rickshaws. Nearly 8400 auto-
rickshaws cater to the intra-urban travel demand. The route and fare
structure is flexible to commuter demand.

Table-6.12: Percentage Distribution of

Villages/Wards by Availability of Local Transport
Sl. Stratum
No.
Type Bhubaneswar MC BDPA Rural Khurda (M) Jatani (M) BCUC
1 2 3 6 8 9 Total
1 Town Bus 25.00 29.41 31.82 7.69 0.00 4.76 14.47
2 Auto 75.00 70.59 59.09 25.96 45.45 28.57 32.08
3 Rickshaw 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.55 0.00 11.01
4 Other 0.00 0.00 4.55 55.77 0.00 66.67 34.28
5 Not Responded 0.00 0.00 4.55 10.58 0.00 0.00 8.18
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
The terminal facilities for bus and rail transit facilities are not up to the
mark. Apart from Bhubaneswar and Khurda Road Station, all other
suburban rail stoppages do not have minimum passenger facilities.
Moreover, very low patronage for intra-urban and inter-urban travel
(within BCUC) by train has resulted in neglect of rail passenger transport
infrastructure. The passenger boarding/alighting volume at selected
railway stations represented in Table-6.13 point out that nearly 45-50
percent of the rail passenger interaction takes place via Bhubaneswar
main railway station, followed by Khurda Road (25-30 percent).
Table 6.13: Passenger Interaction at Selected

Railway Stations
Sl no. Name of the station Total daily volume (no.s) Peak hour volume (no.s)
1 Bhubaneswar 34715 4054
2 Khurda Road 21510 2483
3 Vani Vihar 5959 1714
4 Barang 3560 689
5 Mancheswar 4376 644
6 Retang 2146 402
7 Lingaraja Road 1152 290
8 Patia 599 167
9 Gopalpur - Balikuda 851 166
Total/Average 74868 (Total) 1179 (Average)
There are two bus terminals prevailing in Bhubaneswar near Baramunda

(new) and AG SQ (old). The new terminal has been created as the old
one did not have the adequate capacity to accommodate the increasing
bus traffic. Both these terminals do not have commensurate passenger
facilities. Apart from them huge volume of bus passenger

boarding/alighting takes place at several locations. Table-6.14 presents
the boarding/alighting volume at the major passenger transshipment
locations. Bus stoppages are located along the NH-5, Janpath,
Nandankanan Road and Cuttack - Puri Road. Smaller orders of bus
terminal facilities are located in Khurda and Jatani. Recently the terminal
facilities in Khurda have been proposed to be relocated outside the town
by the local authorities to reduce the ingress/egress of bus traffic from the
urban arterials in the core.
Table 6.14: Passenger Interaction

at Selected Bus Stoppages
Sl Location of the stoppage Total daily Peak hour

no. volume (nos) volume (nos)
1 Master Canteen, Janpath 4043 517
2 Vani Vihar Chowk, NH-5 4031 517
3 Acharya Vihar, NH-5 2180 204
4 CRPF Chowk, NH-5 1424 204
5 Omfed SQ, Nandankanan Road 1505 156
6 Lingaraja Temple 1714 153
7 Nandankanan 1330 117
8 Fire station SQ, NH-5 1511 116
9 Jaydev Vihar Chowk, NH-5 1250 111
10 Kalpana SQ 1023 102
11 Rajmahal SQ 1258 101
12 Phulnakhara, NH-5 973 97
13 AG SQ 1075 91
14 Rasulgarh SQ 1065 90
15 Khandagiri Chowk 787 86
16 Acharya Vihar Chowk (Doordarshan Marg) 950 74
17 Damana Chowk 597 67
18 Uttara SQ. 893 66
19 Hanspal, NH-5 601 66
20 Dumduma, NH-5 663 61
21 Bomikhal (Cuttack – Puri Road) 589 61
22 Samantarapur (Cuttack – Puri Road) 862 55
23 Ravi Talkies (Cuttack – Puri Road) 855 51
24 Nalco Chowk, Nandankanan Road 721 15
25 Laxmisagar (Cuttack – Puri Road) 775 44
26 Chandaka Industrial Estate 300 34
27 Railway station (Cuttack – Puri Road) 401 33
28 Tamando, NH-5 405 23
29 Kalinga Vihar, NH-5 317 19
30 Kalyan Mandap, Gopalbandhu Nagar Road 357 15
31 Mausima SQ, Lingaraj Temple Road 205 15
Freight terminal/transshipment facilities are almost non-existing in

Bhubaneswar. Huge volume of on-street parking of truck and multi-axle

Parking Characteristics
vehicles are observed near Rasulgarh due to inadequate off-street truck

terminal facilities. On the other hand wholesale functions located along
the Cuttack-Puri Road, creates significant interference to the local and
regional traffic movement. Jatani is one of the important wholesale
trading nodes within the region relying heavily on the rail connectivity
provided by Khurda Road rail junction. However, the business has
stagnated over the years.
6.6. Parking Characteristics
Nearly 90 percent of the parking demand in Bhubaneswar is on-street in

nature. Parking surveys has been carried out in 57 stretches within the
town where parking accumulation are observed to be significant. Table-
6.15 & 6.16 represent the parking accumulation of private and para-
transit vehicles in Bhubaneswar. The locations with highest level of
parking accumulation are also indicated in these tables.
Some locations i.e. Rasulgarh SQ to Lakshmi Sagar, Kalpana SQ to Rabi

Talkies SQ, Vani Vihar to Rupali SQ, Shriya Chowk to Master Canteen
Chowk, Master Canteen Chowk to Raj Mahal SQ, Raj Mahal SQ to Sishu
Bhavan SQ, Nicco Park to Rabindra Mandap, C.R.P.F. SQ to Power
House SQ, Ganganagar SQ to Sishu Bhavan SQ, Master Canteen
Chowk to Rabindra Mandap SQ have very high accumulation of bicycle,
two-wheeler and car parking. Most of these parking are for the
commercial activities along these links. Lack of off-street parking facilities
(either within building premises or outside) force them to park along the
street.
Table 6.15: Parking Accumulation of Bicycle, Two-

Wheelers and Car/Jeep
Location Stretch Bicycle 2-wheeler Car/Jeep

No.
Morning Evening Morning Evening Morning Evening
1 Hansapal to Rasulgarh SQ 99 66 228 173 47 26
2 Rasulgarh SQ to Lakshmi Sagar 84 56 700 514 141 109
3 Lakshmi Sagar to Chintamaniswar 142 105 300 209 30 20
4 Chintamaniswar to Kalpana SQ 45 55 137 106 17 16
5 Kalpana SQ to Rabi Talkies SQ 109 92 259 213 79 72
6 Rabi Talkies SQ to Garage SQ 71 58 117 107 15 10
7 Garage SQ to Samantapur Chowk 54 49 84 66 14 7

Samantapur Chowk to Nuagaon 71 60 87 60 9 3
8
Chowk
Nuagaon Chowk to Indira Colony 68 56 88 61 9 7
9
Chowk
Continued…
Location
No. Stretch Bicycle 2-wheeler Car/jeep
Morning Evening Morning Evening Morning Evening
10 Rasulgarh SQ to Vani vihar 4 5 10 8 3 4
11 Vani Vihar to Acharya Vihar 30 20 75 55 57 10
12 Acharya Vihar to Jaydev Vihar 163 140 346 244 28 23
13 Jaydev Vihar to Banyan Tree Chowk 35 32 70 58 18 8
14 Banyan Tree Chowk to C.R.P.F SQ 36 23 143 88 98 54
15 C.R.P.F SQ to Baramunda Fire Station 36 15 130 83 20 12
16 Baramunda Fire Station to Khandagiri 32 28 116 112 42 66
17 Khandagiri to Kolothia Chowk 18 23 50 47 4 5
18 Kolothia Chowk to Dumduma Chowk 8 5 35 28 15 9
19 Dumduma Chowk to Aigania Chowk 13 12 15 12 8 3
20 Aigania Chowk to Tamando Chowk 12 6 18 13 11 0
21 Tamando Chowk to C.V Raman SQ 3 3 7 5 3 1
22 Jaydev Vihar to St. Xaviers SQ 19 0 38 0 13 0
23 St. Xaviers to Kolinga Hospital Chowk 22 10 88 74 33 23
24 Kalinga Hospital Chowk to Nalco SQ 2 12 11 5 7 17
25 Nalco SQ to Omfed Chowk 9 2 16 7 4 1
26 Omfed Chowk to Damana SQ 10 12 11 56 2 9
27 Damana SQ to Sailashree Vihar Chowk 93 53 95 65 17 18
28 Damana SQ to C.E.B SQ 3 2 13 10 6 4
29 C.E.B SQ to Infocity Chowk 11 13 6 8 6 4
30 Infocity SQ to Infocity Bus Stop 21 22 21 20 4 7
31 Infocity SQ to KITS SQ 18 18 30 26 11 16
32 KITS SQ to Sikhar Chandi SQ 13 21 17 52 4 17
33 Vani Vihar to Rupali SQ 85 86 359 267 81 53
34 Rupali SQ to Bayababa SQ 66 15 123 26 18 11
35 Bayababa SQ to Forum Mart SQ 12 9 36 24 11 9
36 Forum Mart SQ to Ram Mandir Chowk 11 7 65 53 47 13
37 Ram Mandir Chowk to Shriya Chowk 36 36 104 74 38 40
38 Shriya Chowk to Master Canteen Chowk 83 19 466 97 119 29
39 Master Canteen Chowk to Raj Mahal SQ 93 39 322 374 112 120
40 Raj Mahal SQ to Sishu Bhavan SQ 62 65 323 395 74 97
41 Sishu Bhavan SQ to Poonama Gate SQ 42 38 69 44 42 24
42 Poonama Gate SQ to Sundrapada SQ 27 0 12 0 12 0
43 Acharya Vihar to Nico Park Chowk 10 10 20 22 9 10
44 Nicco Park to Rabindra Mandap 59 58 161 144 58 56
45 Rabindra Mandap to A.G SQ 11 11 9 11 7 10
46 Jaydev Vihar SQ to Power House 62 52 62 53 44 47
47 Power House to Raj Bhavan SQ 2 0 3 0 3 0
48 Raj Bhavan SQ to Gopabandhu SQ 53 41 117 94 45 46
49 C.R.P.F. SQ to Power House SQ 70 83 109 106 77 76
50 Baramunda Fire Station SQ to Delta SQ 34 21 126 88 5 4
51 Delta SQ to Siripur Chowk 58 39 70 55 12 6
52 Siripur Chowk to Ganga Nagar SQ 21 8 24 40 3 5
53 Ganganagar SQ to Sishu Bhavan SQ 78 37 119 145 35 60
54 Kalpana SQ to Raj Mahal SQ 25 17 62 54 42 36
55 Raj Mahal SQ to A.G SQ 21 19 71 74 45 56
56 Nicco Park to Bayababa Chowk 29 14 46 42 17 16
Master Canteen Chowk to Rabindra
57 Mandap SQ 27 34 67 84 67 80
*Coloured cells indicate top 10 parking accumulation locations for each mode for a
particular time

Para transit is one of the dominant modes of movement in Bhubaneswar

and parking of these para transit vehicles (particularly at the
intersections) creates lot of interference to the traffic flow operations.
Locations i.e. Hansapal to Rasulgarh SQ, Rasulgarh SQ to Lakshmi
Sagar, Lakshmi Sagar to Chintamaniswar, Chintamaniswar to Kalpana
SQ, Kalpana SQ to Rabi Talkies SQ, Rasulgarh SQ to Vani Vihar, Vani
Vihar to Acharya Vihar, C.R.P.F SQ to Baramunda Fire Station,
Baramunda Fire Station to Khandagiri, Damana SQ to Sailashree Vihar
Chowk, Vani Vihar to Rupali SQ, Shriya Chowk to Master Canteen
Chowk, Master Canteen Chowk to Raj Mahal SQ, C.R.P.F. SQ to Power
House SQ, Master Canteen Chowk to Rabindra Mandap SQ have very
high level of auto-rickshaw and cycle-rickshaw parking demand.
Table 6.16: Parking Accumulation of

Para-Transit Vehicles
Cycle-rickshaw Auto-rickshaw
Location No. Stretch
Morning Evening Morning Evening
1 Hansapal to Rasulgarh SQ 7 6 32 17
2 Rasulgarh SQ to Lakshmi Sagar 58 41 36 29
3 Lakshmi Sagar to Chintamaniswar 19 16 18 14
4 Chintamaniswar to Kalpana SQ 0 1 41 32
5 Kalpana SQ to Rabi Talkies SQ 20 19 54 50
6 Rabi Talkies SQ to Garage SQ 8 2 9 9
7 Garage SQ to Samantapur Chowk 5 0 12 12
8 Samantapur Chowk to Nuagaon Chowk 4 8 11 9
9 Nuagaon Chowk to Indira Colony Chowk 4 4 15 10
10 Rasulgarh SQ to Vani vihar 0 3 28 36
11 Vani Vihar to Acharya Vihar 2 1 36 10
12 Acharya Vihar to Jaydev Vihar 0 0 6 6
13 Jaydev Vihar to Banyan Tree Chowk 17 3 10 4
14 Banyan Tree Chowk to C.R.P.F SQ 6 3 12 5
15 C.R.P.F SQ to Baramunda Fire Station 0 3 72 39
16 Baramunda Fire Station to Khandagiri 6 8 17 36
17 Khandagiri to Kolothia Chowk 13 3 6 5
18 Kolothia Chowk to Dumduma Chowk 0 2 8 4
19 Dumduma Chowk to Aigania Chowk 8 3 7 2
20 Aigania Chowk to Tamando Chowk 6 0 8 3
21 Tamando Chowk to C.V Raman SQ 2 0 1 0
22 Jaydev Vihar to St. Xaviers SQ 2 0 18 0
23 St. Xaviers to Kolinga Hospital Chowk 0 0 2 2
24 Kalinga Hospital Chowk to Nalco SQ 1 0 2 3
25 Nalco SQ to Omfed Chowk 0 0 2 5
26 Omfed Chowk to Damana SQ 0 5 1 6
27 Damana SQ to Sailashree Vihar Chowk 0 3 38 17
28 Damana SQ to C.E.B SQ 0 0 6 2
29 C.E.B SQ to Infocity Chowk 3 0 3 1
30 Infocity SQ to Infocity Bus Stop 0 0 4 4
*Coloured cells indicate top 10 parking accumulation locations for each mode for a particular time
Continued…
Location Cycle- Auto-

No. Stretch rickshaw rickshaw
Morning Evening Morning Evening
31 Infocity SQ to KITS SQ 4 1 9 8
32 KITS SQ to Sikhar Chandi SQ 2 0 2 8
33 Vani Vihar to Rupali SQ 0 0 20 34
34 Rupali SQ to Bayababa SQ 1 1 17 4
35 Bayababa Chowk to Forum Mart SQ 4 0 6 5
36 Forum Mart SQ to Ram Mandir Chowk 0 2 6 7
37 Ram Mandir Chowk to Shriya Chowk 0 0 8 8
38 Shriya Chowk to Master Canteen Chowk 7 1 12 27
39 Master Canteen Chowk to Raj Mahal SQ 2 0 28 7
40 Raj Mahal SQ to Sishu Bhavan SQ 0 4 19 14
41 Sishu Bhavan SQ to Poonama Gate SQ 22 5 19 8
42 Poonama Gate SQ to Sundrapada SQ 0 0 0 0
43 Acharya Vihar to Nicco Park Chowk 0 3 6 4
44 Nicco Park to Rabindra Mandap 0 0 20 24
45 Rabindra Mandap to A.G SQ 1 2 10 12
46 Jaydev Vihar SQ to Power House 3 5 20 25
47 Power House to Raj Bhavan SQ 0 0 1 0
48 Raj Bhavan SQ to Gopabandhu SQ 0 2 6 8
49 C.R.P.F. SQ to Power House SQ 0 0 24 32
50 Baramunda Fire Station SQ to Delta SQ 4 7 8 8
51 Delta SQ to Siripur Chowk 8 8 4 11
52 Siripur Chowk to Ganga Nagar SQ 0 4 1 2
53 Ganganagar SQ to Sishu Bhavan SQ 12 3 22 3
54 Kalpana SQ to Raj Mahal SQ 0 0 16 26
55 Raj Mahal SQ to A.G SQ 6 7 10 15
56 Nicco Park to Bayababa Chowk 5 6 6 12
57 Master Canteen Chowk to Rabindra Mandap SQ 9 17 38 42
*Coloured cells indicate top 10 parking accumulation locations for each mode for a
particular time
Apart from these private and para-transit vehicles, large volume of

truck/trailer and bus parking (on-street) has been observed at various
stretches.
Significant volume of truck parking is observed along the NH-5 and other
important road links near Hansapal to Rasulgarh SQ, Rasulgarh SQ to
Lakshmi Sagar, Kalpana SQ to Rabi Talkies SQ, Rasulgarh SQ to Vani
Vihar, Jaydev Vihar to Banyan Tree Chowk, Banyan Tree Chowk to
C.R.P.F SQ, Kolothia Chowk to Dumduma Chowk, C.R.P.F. SQ to Power
House SQ. Nearly 170 trucks and MAVs are observed to park along the
street during the morning peak hours.
On the other hand, some bus parking (mostly idle in nature) is observed
along C.R.P.F SQ to Baramunda Fire Station and Khandagiri to Kolothia
Chowk.

Road Accident and Safety
6.7 Road Accident and Safety

Huge volume of regional traffic pass through the Bhubaneswar town
which leads to significant conflict between slow moving and fast moving
vehicles. Mixing of slow and fast moving vehicles not only slow the
movement along the regional corridors but also increases the accident
risks. Nearly 41 percent of the road accidents take place along the NH-5.
Truck/MAVs contribute to 43 percent of the road accidents (Table-6.17).
Pedestrian-vehicular conflict is one of the most important contributors to
the increasing accident risks. The busiest crossings in terms of vehicular
traffic volume within Bhubaneswar also do have highest volume of
pedestrian traffic (along/crossing the road) i.e. Rajmahal SQ, Vani Vihar
SQ, Kalpana SQ, Ram Mandir Chowk, Ravi Talkies, Shaheed Nagar
Chowk etc. The pedestrian facilities are non-existent in most of these
intersections, which increases the intensity of pedestrian-vehicular
conflict.
Table 6.17: Road Accident Records in Bhubaneswar
Sl. No. Parameters Value (%)

1 Deaths per 100 accidents 28
2 Injuries per 100 accidents 109
3 Accident per 1000 vehicles 2.7
4 Fatalities by Mode
4a Truck/MAV 43
4b Two-wheeler 20
4c Bus 14
5 Incidence of accident
5a Along National Highway 41
5b State Highway 30
6 Cause of accident
6a Human error 72
6b Involvement of old vehicles 42
6.8 Recommended Actions

6.8.1 Improvement of Transit Facilities
One of the most important characteristics of the existing transit pattern is
its very high reliance on private mode compared to public transit. More
important, in many cases para-transit is replacing the public transit
system. This not only increases the cost of travel and imposes a burden
on the existing transport infrastructure but also is not sustainable from
environmental point of view. Keeping this in mind, Department of
Commerce and Transport, Government of Orissa has commissioned
RITES Ltd. to carry a study on Mass Transit System in Cuttack and
Bhubaneswar. Based on an extensive data base, it has concluded that
there is an immediate need for high capacity mass transit corridors with
improved level of service. They have recommended an alignment after
evaluating four alternative alignments. The alignment is as following:
i) Tamando – Baramunda – CRPF SQ – AG SQ – Kalpana SQ
ii) AG SQ – Acharya Vihar SQ – Sainik School – NALCO – Chandaka
Industrial Estate – Barang – Bidanasi –Buxibazar - Malgodown
Recommended Actions
iii) Lingaraja Temple – Kalpana SQ – Rasulgarh SQ – Phulnakhara –

Malgodown – Choudwar - Malyanpur
It has also been recommended that most of the stretch preferably be
road based, particularly within Bhubaneswar. In most part of the
recommended alignment, ROW of 300 ft has been reserved to
accommodate any road type of mass transit technology options.
However, looking at the proposed land use and activity pattern within the
planning area, it is felt that the mass transit alignment needs to be
extended beyond Tamando upto Jatani via Khurda. Institutions of
national importance, airport facilities, IT SEZ and other important
economic activities are coming up around Khurda and Jatani as well as
the intervening areas between Bhubaneswar and Khurda-Jatani.
Extending this mass transit alignment will improve the accessibility of
these functions with Bhubaneswar and Cuttack.
On the other hand, it can be extended beyond Lingaraja Temple upto
Dhauli. Lot of tourism based activities has been proposed around old
Bhubaneswar, Sishupalgarh and Dhauli. Extending this mass transit
alignment will increase the accessibility of these destinations. The
proposed road alignment has been shown in Map-6.2.
6.8.2 Augmentation of Road Network Capacity

Based on the existing traffic volume and proposed allocation of economic
and residential functions, there is a need to augment the network,
primarily to extend accessibility to the newly proposed areas as well as to
reduce the growing congestion in the existing links.
Some of the proposed links aims to increase regional level as well as
inter-urban level connectivity. They are;
i) Pipili to Phulnakhara link (meeting NH-5)

Cuttack-Puri road (NH-203) has a double lane carriageway (intermediate
lane at selected stretches) and passes through many dense areas
especially from Rasulgarh to Sishupalgarh stertch. This results in
significant interference to vehicular traffic operations on this regional
corridor causing a considerable delay in travel. Nearly 1/3rd of the traffic
is composed of slow moving vehicles in stretch from Pipli to Rasulgarh
SQ area. On the other hand more than 20 percent of the total traffic is
composed of heavy vehicles, either busses or freight carriers. The V/C
ratio exceeds 2.0 during the peak traffic hours (9.30 AM -10.30 AM) and
the average speed drops to nearly 12-15 kmph due to dominance of slow
moving modes. Existing double lane road is unable to cater to the
burgeoning traffic demand and horizontal augmentation of capacity is not
possible due to dense ribbon development along the corridor.
This necessitates immediate planning for alternative bypass alignment to
reduce the mixing of the local traffic from the regional link. This action will
bypass the regional goods and tourist traffic interaction from mixing with
the local urban traffic near Pipli till Rasulgarh intersection and further
increasing the connectivity of the Puri with the BDPA area. It has also

Recommended Actions
been proposed to further extend this link upto Nirgundi in the CDPA area
which will ultimately form an Eastern bypass to the entire BCUC region.
Recently a new bypass (NH-203)to the existing Cuttack-Puri road has
been proposed by NHAI to relieve the regional traffic volume fro Puri to
the BDPA area.
ii) Pipli to Jatani link

This action will obviate the need for Puri bound traffic to enter into the
BCUC region. This is part of the proposed Eastern bypass outlined in the
Vision-2030. Eastern bypass starts from Kuradmal (NH-5) and passes
through Jatani, Pipli, Phulnakhara and connects Cuttack-Paradip Road. It
further extends itself upto Nirgundi and meets NH-5.
Apart from these regional level linkages, some new linkages have also
been conceived to increase the inter-urban connectivity between
Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Jatani, Khurda, Choudwar and intervening areas.
These links are aimed at improving the connectivity between:
i) Circular road starting from NH-203 at Lingipur- crossing NH-5 at
Bijipur and joining Nandakanan road at Patia via Andharua &
Jagannath Prasad.
ii) Connectivity between Nandankanan Road and NH-5 from Patia
to Pahala crossing the Kuakhai River via Rokat.
iii) NH-203 bypass road starting from NH-5 Pandara and joining
existing NH-203 at Lingipur.
iv) Pitapally-Gangapada to Cuttack via Barang Station including the
cross-links with the Nandankanan Road at Barang.
v) Ring road at Jatani and Khurda.
vi) Jatani to Bhubaneswar direct connectivity parallel to East Coast
railway line starting from proposed ring road of Jatani at
Chhanaghara upto Pokhariput including the cross-linkage with
proposed 200’ wide circular road at Suang.
vii) Parallel road of NH-5, starting from proposed circular road at
Bhagabanpur and joining with NH-5 at Pitapalli.
viii) Road between NH-5 and Pitapalli-Cuttack bypass road from
Gohira Chhak to Andharua.
ix) North-South MRTS road from NH-5 at Patrapara to circular road
at Jagannathprasad.
The detailed road structure along with the hierarchy of the links is shown
in the Map-6.2. The ROW of these links has been decided by the
prescription of old CDP, existing land availability and the connectivity
required by activities proposed in abutting areas.
Intersection capacity improvement and other recommendations to
improve pedestrian/cyclist safety are based on the peak hour vehicular
volume observed in 2008 and has been shown in Table-6.18. For future
projections, the vehicular growth rate has been assumed to be 4 percent
per annum whereas pedestrian volume is assumed to increase by 5
percent per annum.
Recommended Actions
Table-6.18: Recommended Actions for

Intersection Traffic Management
Facility Remarks IRC Code Warrant
Intersection 1:
Grade separated
Pedestrian Facilities Not Advisable IRC:103-1988 -
Hansapal SQ
Cycle Tracks Advisable in 2008 IRC:11-1962 Warrant II

Traffic Rotaries Not Advisable IRC:65-1976 Peak Hour Volume > 3000 Vehicles
Traffic Signals Advisable IRC:93-1985 Warrant I & II
Peak Hour Traffic Voulme > 10000
Interchanges Advisable in 2030 IRC:92-1985 PCU
Intersection 2:
Grade separated Advisable in the year
Rasul Garh Chowk
Pedestrian Facilities 2015 IRC:103-1988 (PV2>1011)

Cycle Tracks Advisable in 2008 IRC:11-1962 Warrant I & II
Peak Hour Traffic Volume > 10000
Intersection 3:
Vani Vihar SQ

Peak Hour Volume of Right Turning
Vehicles <
Traffic Rotaries Not Advisable IRC:65-1976 30% of the total motorised vehicles
Intersection 4:
Acharya Vihar SQ

Vehicles <
Intersection 5:
Jaydev Vihar SQ

Vehicles <
Interchanges Advisable in 2008* IRC:92-1985 PCU
Intersection 6:
Banyan Tree Chowk

*Already constructed
Continued…

Recommended Actions
Intersection 7:
C.R.P.F SQ

Vehicles <
Interchanges Advisable in 2015 IRC:92-1985 Peak Hour Traffic Volume > 10000 PCU
Intersection 8:
Baramunda Fire Stn SQ

Vehicles <
Intersection 9:
Khandagiri SQ

Vehicles <
Intersection
10:
Grade separated
Pedestrian Facilities Not Advisable IRC:103-1988
Kolathia Chowk

Vehicles <
Intersection
11:
Dumduma Chowk

Vehicles <
Intersection
12:
Grade separated
Aigania Chowk

Traffic Signals Not Advisable IRC:93-1985 -
Interchanges Not Advisable IRC:92-1985 -
Continued…
Recommended Actions
Intersection 13:
Grade separated
Pedestrian
Facilities Not Advisable IRC:103-1988 -
Tamando Chowk

Vehicles >
Traffic Rotaries Advisable IRC:65-1976 30% of the total motorised vehicles
Intersection 14:
Grade separated
Pedestrian
C.V.Raman

Vehicles >
Intersection 15:
Grade separated
Syampur Chindaka Chowk
Pedestrian
Vehicles >
Traffic Signals Advisable IRC:93-1985 Warrant I
Intersection 16:
Grade separated
Rental Colony Baramunda
Pedestrian
Vehicles >
Intersection 17:
Grade separated
Pedestrian
VIP Chowk

Intersection 18:
Grade separated
Pedestrian
St. Xavier SQ

Traffic Rotaries Not Advisable IRC:65-1976
Vehicles <
Traffic Signals Not Advisable IRC:93-1985 30% of the total motorised vehicles

Recommended Actions
Intersection 19:
Grade separated
Kalinga Hospital

Traffic Rotaries Not Advisable IRC:65-1976 -
Intersection 20:
Grade separated Advisable in the
Pedestrian Facilities year 2030 IRC:103-1988 (PV2>1011)
NALCO Chowk

Vehicles <
Intersection 21:
Grade separated
Omfed Chowk

Intersection 22:
Grade separated
Damana Chowk

Intersection 23:
Grade separated
Sailashree Vihar

Chowk
Intersection 24:
Grade separated
C.E.B Chowk

Traffic Rotaries Not Advisable IRC:65-1976
Vehicles >
Traffic Signals Advisable IRC:93-1985 30% of the total motorised vehicles
Intersection 25:
Grade separated
Infocity Chowk

Vehicles >
Continued…
Recommended Actions
Intersection 26:
Grade separated
Infocity Bus Stand

Vehicles >
Intersection 27:
Grade separated
KIITS SQ

Intersection 28:
Grade separated
Sikhar Chandi Chowk

Vehicles >
Intersection 29:
Delta Chowk

Vehicles <
Intersection 30:
Siripur SQ

Vehicles <
Interchanges Not Advisable IRC:92-1985
Intersection 31:
Grade separated
Ganganagar Chowk

Vehicles >
Continued…

Recommended Actions
Intersection 32:
Grade separated
Gopal Bandhu

Intersection 33:
Grade separated
Raj Bhavan SQ

Vehicles <
Intersection 34:
Power House Chowk

Vehicles <
Intersection 35:
Grade separated
Hospital SQ

Vehicles <
Intersection 36:
Grade separated
A.G SQ
Vehicles <
Intersection 37:
Rabindra Mandap

Continued…
Recommended Actions
Intersection 38:
Nicco park Chowk

Vehicles <
Intersection 39:
Rupali chowk

Vehicles <
Intersection 40:
Bayababa Chowk

Vehicles <
Intersection 41:
Forum mart SQ

Intersection 42:
Ram mandir Chowk

Vehicles <
Intersection 43:
Shriya Chowk

Vehicles <
Continued…

Recommended Actions
Intersection 44:
Grade separated
Master canteen Chowk
Pedestrian Advisable in the year
Facilities 2008 IRC:103-1988 (PV2>1011)
Intersection 45:
Grade separated
Pedestrian Not Advisable
Raj Mahal SQ
Facilities (PV2<1011) IRC:103-1988 (PV2<1011)

Intersection 46:
Grade separated
Pedestrian Advisable in the year
Facilities 2030 IRC:103-1988 (PV2>1011)
Sishu Bhavan SQ

Vehicles <
Intersection 47:
Grade separated
Pedestrian
Poonama Gate SQ

Intersection 48:
Grade separated
Pedestrian
Facilities Not Advisable IRC:103-1988
Sundarpada SQ

Vehicles >
Intersection 49:
Grade separated
Pedestrian
Saheed Nagar Level

Crossing

Vehicles ≥
Continued…
Recommended Actions
Intersection 50:
Lakshmi sagar SQ

Intersection 51:
Chintamaniswar Chowk

Vehicles <
Intersection 52:
Kalpana SQ

Intersection 53:
Rabi Talkies SQ

Vehicles <
Intersection 54:
Grade separated
Garage SQ Chowk

Intersection 55:
Grade separated
Samantarapura Chowk

Vehicles <
Continued…

Recommended Actions
Intersection 56:
Grade separated
Pedestrian
Nuagaon Chowk

Vehicles >
Intersection 57:
Grade separated
Pedestrian
Indira Colony Chowk

Vehicles >
Traffic Signals Not Advisable IRC:93-1985
Rotaries are not advisable within the urban area as they are very much
land intensive in nature. It is better to replace them with signalised
intersections which have higher traffic handling capacity compared to
rotaries. Only when two intersections come very close and queuing from
one signal can affect the other even if synchronised signals are used,
rotaries can be justified. On the other hand, intersections along high
speed corridors can have signalised intersection even if the traffic volume
does not warrant. This is mainly to reduce the accident risk in those
locations.
Grade separated interchanges are recommended in at least 10 locations

by Year 2015 – out of which four locations need them immediately based
on their present traffic volume. They are Master Canteen Chowk,
Kalpana SQ, Vani Vihar SQ and Rajmahal SQ. Other six which need
grade separated interchange by 2015 are Acharya Vihar SQ, CRPF SQ,
Baramunda Fire Station SQ, AG SQ, Bayababa Chowk and Shriya
Chowk.
Recommended Actions
Table-6.19: Recommended Actions for Road Link Traffic Management
Sl. Controlled Pedestrian

Link Cycle Tracks 2015 2030
No. Crossing
Advisable in 2008 6 Lane* ( additional 2 Lane Road
1 1 - Cuttack Advisable in 2008 4 Lane
(Warrant II) required)
2 1-2 Advisable in 2008 6 Lane*
4 2 - 50 Advisable in 2008 6 Lane*
(Warrant I & II) required)
5 3-4 Advisable in 2008 4 Lane
Advisable in 2008
14 5-17 Advisable in 2008 4 Lane 6 Lane*
(Warrant I & II)
Advisable in 2008
15 7-17 Advisable in 2008 2 Lane 4 Lane
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
16 8-9 Advisable in 2008 6 Lane* 6 Lane* (Additional 2 Lane required)
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant I & II)
Advisable in 2008
18 8-29 Advisable in 2008 4 Lane 6 Lane* (Additional 2 Lane required)
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant I & II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant I & II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2015
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2030
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2030
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2030
26 14-Khurda Advisable in 2008 2 Lane 4 Lane
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
28 18 - 19 Advisable in 2008 4 Lane 6 Lane* (Additional 2 Lane required)
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
Continued…

Recommended Actions
Controlled
Sl. No. Link Cycle Tracks 2015 2030
Pedestrian Crossing
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
24-25 Advisable in 2008
34 Advisable in 2008 2 Lane 4 Lane
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2030
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
28 - Advisable in 2008
40 Advisable in 2030 2 Lane 2 Lane
Nandankanan (Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
Advisable in 2008 4 Lane 6 Lane*
41 29-30 (Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
Advisable in 2008 4 Lane 6 Lane*
42 30-31 (Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant I & II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant I & II)
Advisable in 2008 6 Lane* (Additional 2 Lane
Advisable in 2008 6 Lane* (Additional 2 Lane
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008 6 Lane* ( additional 6 Lane
(Warrant I & II) Road required)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant II)
Advisable in 2008 6 Lane* ( Additional 2
54 39-40 Advisable in 2008 -
(Warrant I & II) Lane to be provided)
55 40-41 Advisable in 2008 -
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant I & II)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant I & II)
58 41-42 Advisable in 2008 -
59 42-43 Advisable in 2008 -
60 43-44 Advisable in 2008 -
61 44-45 Advisable in 2008 -
63 45-52 Advisable in 2008
Continued…
Recommended Actions
Controlled
Sl. No. Link Cycle Tracks 2015 2030
Pedestrian Crossing
Advisable in 2008 6 Lane* (Additional 2
(Warrant I & II) Lane required)
Advisable in 2008
(Warrant I & II)
Advisable in 2008 6 Lane* ( additional 6
(Warrant I & II) Lane Road required)
Advisable in 2008 6 Lane* (Additional 2
67 51-52 Advisable in 2008
Advisable in 2008 Advisable in 2008 6 Lane* (Additional 2
68 52-53 (Warrant I & II) Lane to be provided)
Advisable in 2008 Advisable in 2008 6 Lane* (Additional 2
69 53-54 (Warrant I & II) 4 Lane Lane required)
Advisable in 2008 Advisable in 2008
70 54-55 (Warrant I & II) 4 Lane 6 Lane*
71 55-56 (Warrant I & II) 4 Lane 6 Lane*
72 56-57 (Warrant II) 2 Lane 4 Lane
*If ROW permits such expansion of road capacity
Stretches where more than six lanes are needed, the existing or
proposed ROW may not permit such kind capacity augmentation.
Therefore, alternative parallel alignment has to be created or else traffic
management measures such as one-way system, traffic diversion
through differential pricing etc. has to be employed. The stretches which
immediately need six laning to meet the demand for Year 2015 are listed
following.
i) Hanspal SQ – Rasulgarh SQ – Jaydev Vihar SQ and

Baramunda Fire Station – Khandagiri (along NH-5)
ii) Jaydev Vihar – Damana SQ
iii) Rasulgarh SQ – Laxmisagar – Kalpana SQ – Ravi Talkies
iv) Acharya Vihar SQ – Rabindra Mandap – AG SQ
v) Vani Vihar SQ – Master Canteen Chowk – Sishu Bhawan SQ
vi) Master Canteen Chowk – Rabindra Mandap and Rajmahal SQ –
AG SQ
6.8.3 Creation of Parking Facilities

The growth rate of vehicle ownership indicates that parking demand will
stress the transport infrastructure in a significant way in coming future.
Most of the demand will be from two-wheelers which are increasing at a
rate of 24 percent per annum. On the other hand though car ownership is
growing less rapidly, it takes more space for parking. It has been
estimated from various studies that a car/two-wheeler requires 2-3
parking spaces excluding one at the place of residence.
Most of present parking demand is met by on-street parking. On-street
parking occupies a lane of vehicular carriageway on one or either side

Recommended Actions
and creates interference to abutting flow during ingress/egress from the

parking lot.
Few road links has been identified where complete/partial restriction on

on-street parking is required. The existing traffic volume in these links are
high and large accumulation of on-street parking interfere with the traffic
operations and lower the level of service in these important links. These
links are listed following:
i) Rasulgarh SQ – Vani Vihar SQ – Acharya Vihar SQ – Jaydev

Vihar SQ –Banyan Tree Chowk – CRPF SQ – Baramunda Fire
station Sq – Khandagiri SQ (along the NH-5) [However, parking
may be allowed on the service lane, if such provisions are made].
ii) Museum Chowk – Kalpana SQ – Ravi Talkies – Samantrapur SQ
(along Cuttack-Puri Road)
iii) Acharya Vihar SQ – Nicco park SQ
iv) St. Xavier’s SQ – Jaydev Vihar SQ – Power House Chowk – Raj
Bhawan SQ – AG SQ
v) Poonama Gate - Shishubhawan SQ – Ganganagar SQ – Siripur
SQ – Delta SQ – Baramunda Fire station SQ
The entire parking demand in these areas has to be made by the parking
supply within building premises or through creation of off-street parking
facility – either at surface or multi-level.
Partial or temporal restriction on on-street parking in the following

stretches can alleviate the problem of parking in some areas.
i) Rasulgarh SQ – Shaheed Nagar rail crossing - Laxmisagar SQ –

Chintamani SQ - Kalpana SQ
ii) Vani Vihar SQ – Rupali SQ – Baya Baba SQ – Forum Mart SQ –
Rammandir SQ – Shriya Chowk – Master Canteen Chowk –
Rajmahal SQ – Shishu Bhawan SQ
iii) St. Xavier’s SQ – Kalinga Hospital Chowk – Nalco SQ – Omfed
Chowk – Damana SQ
iv) Kalpana SQ – Rajmahal SQ - AG SQ
Based on the availability of space and concurrence of parking demand,

certain locations have also been identified for major off-street parking
facility locations as shown in Table-6.20. The finding of the Mass Transit
System for Cuttack and Bhubaneswar, prepared by RITES in 2008 also
corroborate with the outcome.
Recommended Actions
Table 6.20: Selected Off-Street

Parking Locations
Sl. Location Preferred type of 2-wheeler parking Car parking

No. parking space (no.s)* space (no.s)*
1 Master Canteen Chowk – Rajmahal SQ – Multi-level/surface 1550 475
AG SQ – Rabindra Mandap zone
2 Kalpana SQ Surface 370 100
3 Rasulgarh SQ Multi-level/surface 1000 180
4 Vani Vihar SQ Surface 470 100
5 Jaydev ViharSQ Surface 500 130
6 Bhubaneswar Railway station - 600 200
7 New Bus terminal (Baramunda) - 700 200
8 Upgraded Regional Bus terminal (at - 1000 200
Nandankanan)
9 Biju Pattanaik Airport - 300 300
* Estimated for Year 2015
It has to be realized that parking facility management cannot be

undertaken in an isolated manner. Rather an integrated approach has to
be adopted in locating the off-street facilities, selection of stretches for
partial/complete restriction, setting parking fee and their collection
mechanism along with the organizational framework to implement it.
Demand for para-transit vehicles are also increasing rapidly as huge

share of transit trips are borne by them, almost equal to the public transit
share. Auto-rickshaw is the most prevalent form of para-transit mode as
cycle rickshaw finds it difficult to negotiate the prevalent rolling terrain.
The locations which have been identified along with required parking
space is listed in the following Table-6.21. The management of these
para-transit terminal facilities also requires attention as often parking
takes place in an undisciplined and unorganized manner, reducing the
capacity of the parking facility. Additional facilities like pre-paid booking
and passenger waiting facilities needs to be incorporated in these para-
transit terminal locations. It must be kept in mind that the list provides
only a selected few locations which are deemed important. However,
additional para-transit parking spaces have to be developed at various
other locations as per the growing demand.
Recommended Actions
Table-6.21: Selected Para-Transit

Parking/Terminal Locations
Sl. No Node/Location Auto-rickshaw (no.s) Cycle-rickshaw (no.s)

1 A.G SQ 45 20
2 Rasulgarh SQ 20 25
3 Raj Mahal SQ 20 25
4 Master Canteen Chowk 20 20
5 Baramunda Fire Station 20 20
6 Kalpana SQ 15 20
7 Acharya Vihar SQ 20 15
8 C.R.P.F. SQ 20 15
9 Jaydev Vihar SQ 15 20
10 Vani Vihar SQ 15 15
11 Lingaraja Temple 10 20
12 Rabi Talkies SQ 10 15
13 Museum Chowk 12 10
14 Khandagiri 8 12
15 Samantapur Chowk 8 8
16 Sishu Bhavan SQ 5 10
17 St. Xaviers Chowk 5 10
18 Sailashree Vihar Chowk 10 5
19 Ram Mandir SQ 10 5
20 NALCO Chowk 5 8
21 Lakshmi Sagar 4 8
22 Damana SQ 5 5
23 Rupali SQ 5 5
24 Power House 5 5
25 Nicco Park SQ 5 5
26 Shaheed Nagar Chowk 5 5
6.8.4 Improvement of Passenger Terminal Facilities

Passenger terminal facilities for rail-based, road-based and air traffic
requires large scale augmentation in capacity and quality to meet the
future needs.
Bhubaneswar Railway Station handled nearly 35,000 passengers per day

in 2006. Looking at the growing trend for medium distance rail travel
mostly due to emergence of Bhubaneswar and Cuttack as educational
and Information Technology hub, it is expected to cross 4 lakh
passengers per day by 2030.
Augmenting these existing stations will have to be carried out though

land constraints might place hindrances to such augmentation plans.
Recommended Actions
Terminal facilities to handle daily inflow of 0.5–1.0 million passengers/per

day are recommended along with at least 10-12 passenger platforms
(along with additional provisions for suburban commuters).
These facilities should include adequate ancillary facilities i.e.

footbridges, under pass, ticketing and waiting facilities, outside parking
facilities, road transit terminal facilities etc.
Adequate land should be kept as reserve for future capacity

augmentation as per the exhibited demand, at least 50 percent of the
initial design capacity.
Up gradation of regional level bus passenger terminals is also needed for

catering the urban centers of BCUC - Bhubaneswar and Cuttack in
particular. Augmentation of the existing Bus terminal facilities near
Nandankanan has been proposed.
Terminal facilities to handle regional level bus passenger terminals is

proposed as per the requirement. Provision of adequate ancillary facilities
i.e. ticketing and waiting facilities, outside parking facilities, para-transit
terminal facilities will be an integral part of this facility.
Adequate land should be kept as reserve to facilitate capacity

augmentation as per the exhibited demand – at least additional 50
percent of the initial design capacity.
In the Southern part of BDPA , the existing bus stand has been proposed
to be shifted to Baranuagaon anticipating the future rise in bus passenger
traffic due to increase in institutional, commercial , industrial activities.
The Khurda bus stand has also been proposed to be shifted by the local
authorities to the outskirts of Khurda town to reduce the congestion in
town and also anticipating growth in various activities in near future.
The handling capacity of the Domestic Airport in Bhubaneswar is

estimated by local authorities as sufficient for at least 2015.
The state government of Orissa has provided 75 acres for the expansion
of the runway to 10,500 feet, to handle Boeing 747 aircraft.
The current expansion Plan is to increase the existing 7500 feet of

runway to 9000 feet with an overall cost of INR 250 crores sanctioned for
this purpose. The runway extension is expected to be commissioned in
September 2006. The next phase is to increase the runway length to a
further 13000 feet. However, there exists public dissent on land
acquisition and proposals for relocation.
Keeping in mind, the rapid pace of industrialization and urbanization

taking place in Orissa, there is no doubt that present airport does not
have the capacity to handle air traffic anticipated for year 2030.
Moreover, being located in close proximity to the densely habited area,
not only the process of acquisition has been tough, there is no space left
Recommended Actions
for growth of the ancillary activities which wish to come up close to any
airport. These ancillary activities include crew training schools, hospitality
services and all other allied facilities related to air travel. These activities
not only generate lot of revenue but also turn up as a major source of
employment. Losing this opportunity might be an imprudent decision
keeping Year 2030 in mind.
Therefore, a new site has to be identified for the new International airport
and its allied operations, just outside the BCUC Planning Area. Being an
immensely land intensive activity, it was unanimously decided at various
forums to locate it on the periphery of the BCUC Planning Area. The old
airport can co-exist with this new airport as complementary domestic
terminal.
It should have the capacity to handle 10,000 aircraft movement per

quarter and 10 million passengers per annum along with cargo handling
capacity of at least 0.1million MT per year. The runway needs to be
equipped with CAT IIIB ILS and capable of handling A380 sized aircrafts.
6.8.5 Improvement of Freight Terminal Facilities
Huge volume of freight traffic enters Bhubaneswar urban area – mostly to

meet the consumption need of the people and other economic functions.
With growth in population and intensity of economic activities, freight
interaction will rise. Most of the transshipment functions, wholesale
trading zone and storage/warehousing areas are located within the dense
urban areas or close to them. The interference created by these activities
on intra-urban passenger traffic is high and is steadily rising. This
necessitates relocation of these whole sale functions out of the dense
urban area and preferably close to the peripheral regional bypasses.
Construction of a wholesale trading hub is recommended for perishable

goods along with freight carrier terminal and storage facilities at Nakhara
in East Kuakhai Zone . Movement of perishable commodities catering to
BCUC is observed from the Puri side via NH-203 and Balasore side via
NH-5. This action will obviate the need for freight movement along
congested Cuttack-Puri Road (Rasulgarh – Pipli stretch).
In Phase I (2007-2015), truck parking facility for 500 freight containers

need to be planned alongwith 2 million sq.ft of warehousing and cold
storage space. Additional parking facility and storage space can be
added as per the exhibited demand.
In addition to this, construction of wholesale trading hub for non-

perishable and building materials along with integrated multi-modal
transshipment facilities at Jatani is also recommended. Being close to the
Khurda Road rail node, this location offers opportunity of multi-modal
transshipment activity.
Recommended Actions
In Phase I (2007-2015), truck parking facility for 1000 freight carriers

along with at least 5 million sq.ft of warehousing and storage space. It
should have integrated multimodal transshipment hub with mechanized
container handling capacity. Provision of developed land (approximately
100 ha) for processing and packaging industries, automobile assembly
units and other non-polluting downstream ancillary industries) can be
planned along with.
A bus cum truck terminal has been proposed at Khurda towards the
Southern part of the BDPA area to take care of the future growing
passenger traffic due to the various activities such as institutional,
tourism etc. Moreover truck terminus at Khurda will facilitate
transshipment activities of the Barunei industrial estate and the freight
coming from the Southern transportation corridor.
Phase II (2015-2030): Additional parking facility and storage space as per

the exhibited demand.
A tentative Investment Plan has been proposed in Table-6.22. However it

should be taken care of that these costs do not include any land
acquisition cost.
Table-6.22: Proposed Tentative Investment Plan

for Traffic and Transportation
Cost (in crore Rs.)

Sl.
No. Recommended Action Phase I (upto 2015) Phase II (2015-2030)
Construction of various order of roads including up-gradation, capacity
1
augmentation and construction of new alignments (ROW > 100ft)
1A Up-gradation of existing links 190 -
1B Construction of new alignments 2000 2800
1C Up-gradation of the pedestrian and cyclist facilities in the existing links 200 550
2 Intersection management measures
2A Grade separated interchanges 350 750
2B Installation of signals and other pedestrian and cyclist facilities 50 100
3 Creation of off-street parking facilities
3A Off-street parking facilities for 2-wheelers and cars 100 300
3B Para-transit parking facility 25 75
4 New bus cum truck terminal at Khurda 150
Augmentation of regional bus passenger terminal facility near
5
Nandankanan 60 -
6 Construction of multi-modal logistic hub facilities at Jatni 250 -
Construction of whole sale trading and truck terminal facilities near
7
Nakhara. 150 -
Total 3375 4725
* These costs are tentative in nature and do not include land acquisition costs.
Housing and Slums 7
BDPA: Area and Population
7.1 Anticipated Future Housing
The Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area (BDPA) is a major part of the

BCUC. The BCUC was divided into 25 planning units in the Perspective
Plan Vision 2030. Out of these 25 planning units, 14 planning units
comprise the BDPA. The administrative Areas that make up the BDPA
jurisdiction; viz. BMC, Khurda, Jatani, and BDPA Rural, are shown in
Table-7.1 below.
The BDPA constitutes around 58% of the BCUC area. It extends over
419.10 sq km against 721.9 sq km of the BCUC area. The Table-7.2
below shows the 14 planning zones with their areas, populations in 2001,
as well as, the projected population of 2030. It is noteworthy that the
projected population of BDPA in 2030 is 30,00,000 while the projected
population of the entire BCUC for 2030 is 41,70,000, which implies that
about 72% of the population of BCUC will be residing in the BDPA. This
illustrates the significance of this area as well as the magnitude of the
problem.
Table-7.1: Area and Population of BDPA
Administrative Population Density 2001 Density 2030

AREA (SqKm) Population 2008 Population 2030
Area 2001 (Popn./SqKm) (Popn./SqKm)
BMC 146.80 658220 1080000 2000000 4484 13624

Khurda 29.19 42695 59000 150000 1463 5139
Jatani 25.74 57957 70000 130000 2252 5051
BDA Rural 217.37 98534 163200 720000 453 3312
Total BDPA 419.10 857406 1372200 3000000 2046 7158
Table-7.2: Zone wise distribution of area, population and density
Zone Density 2030

Sl. AREA Populatio Population Populatio Density 2001
Zone Name Numbe (Popn./SqKm
No. (SqKm) n 2001 2008 n 2030 (Popn./SqKm)
r )
1 Bharatpur 12 40.86 5601 6700 20000 137 490
2 Chandrasekharpur 13 47.81 170859 478500 700000 3574 14641
3 Sribantapur 14 30.95 31647 38000 50000 1023 1616
4 East Kuakhai 15 13.70 11050 20000 220000 807 16060
5 Sisupal 16 26.53 40508 48600 180000 1527 6784
Bhubaneswar New
6 17 39.67 327391 392000 450000 8253 11344
Town
7 Old Bhubaneswar 18 18.41 83334 100000 150000 4527 8149
8 Dhauli 19 13.26 8179 9800 20000 617 1508
9 Aigania 20 36.07 34875 70000 300000 967 8317
10 Tamando 21 58.65 25350 18000 500000 432 8525
11 Gangapada 22 26.37 11968 59000 110000 454 4171
12 Khurda 23 16.52 39625 59000 150000 2399 9081
13 Barunei 24 24.57 9062 10900 20000 369 814
14 Jatani 25 25.75 57957 70000 130000 2251 5049
Total BDPA 419.10 857406 1372200 3000000 2046 7158
7 Housing and Slums
Future Housing Requirement
7.2 Future Housing Requirement in BDPA

The projected housing requirement for the BCUC by 2030 was
compounded to be 7,00,000 dwelling units in the Perspective Plan Vision
2030. The housing requirement of BDPA is compounded to be 4,31,915
dwelling units for the same period. This implies that about 62% of the
future housing requirement for BCUC will be in the BDPA alone. This
calls for careful planning and strategizing.
The future housing requirement for the BDPA has been done considering
both, the quantitative housing shortage and the qualitative housing
shortage. The future household formation, including natural growth and
in-migration have been considered, the current housing backlog as well
the obsolescence component, have also been considered.
Table-7.3 below shows the projected population and the quantitative

housing requirement for the BDPA in 2030 as a whole as well as the
constituent planning units individually.
Table-7.3: Future Dwelling Unit

Requirement in BDPA as per Population
Planning Unit
(4.5 HH size)
Planning unit
Requirement
Name of the
Population
Population
Population
2030 HH
2001 HH
2008 HH
HH size
Future
Type
2001
2030
2008
2030
No.
Chandrasekh
13 Extensive 170859 37682 700000 155556 478500 106333 4.5 49223
arpur
15 East Kuakhai Extensive 11050 2456 220000 48889 20000 4444 4.5 44445
20 Aigania Extensive 34875 7549 300000 66667 70000 15217 4.6 51450
21 Tamando Extensive 25350 4602 500000 111111 50700 9218 5.5 101893
22 Gangapada Extensive 11968 2251 110000 24444 18000 3396 5.3 21048
Bhubaneswar
17 Intensive 327391 72711 450000 100000 392000 87111 4.5 12889
New Town
23 Khurda Intensive 39625 8326 150000 33333 59000 12292 4.8 21041
25 Jatani Intensive 57957 11265 130000 28889 70000 13725 5.1 15164
Sensitive and Restricted Zone
178331 40119 440000 97778 214000 48636 4.4 49142
(10% Development)
Grand Total 857406 175696 3000000 666667 1372200 300372 366295
It is evident from the Table-7.3 that the quantitative housing requirement

in BDPA in 2030 is 3,66,295. The planning units Chandrasekharpur, East
Kuakhai, Aigania, Tamando and Gangapada have been earmarked for
extensive development and hence will have a shortage of about 2,68,059
dwelling units, which is about 73% of the quantitative shortage.
The current housing backlog has been calculated by extrapolating the

backlog trends of 1981-1991 with suitable adjustments, for each of the
planning units as shown in Table-7.4 below.
106
Housing and Slums 7
Table-7.4: Current Housing Backlog

Planning Unit No.
1981 Housing
1991 Housing
2008 Housing
Planning unit
2008 HH No
Name of the
Shortage
Shortage
Shortage
% HH
% HH
% HH
Type
13 Chandrasekharpur Extensive 124 10 209 2 106333 2127 2
15 East Kuakhai Extensive 116 8 179 11 4444 533 12
20 Aigania Extensive 170 22 658 15 15217 1522 10
21 Tamando Extensive 624 18 365 9 9218 461 5
22 Gangapada Extensive 147 13 24 2 3396 68 2
Bhubaneswar-New
17 Intensive 1800 5 1249 2 87111 1742 2
Town
23 Khurda Intensive 559 17 343 8 12292 1844 15
25 Jatani Intensive 818 10 1522 16 13725 2059 15
Sensitive and Restricted Zone 1529 10 2686 8 48636 4864 10
Grand Total 5887 7235 300372 15220
The housing backlog in Chandrasekharpur in 1981 for instance, was

10%, which got reduced to 2% in 1991 due to larger housing activity. The
same trend is projected for 2008. The CDP for Khurda showed a housing
backlog of 15% in 2005, this percentage has been followed for 2008 as
well. The current housing backlog has been computed to be 15,220
dwelling units.
To compute qualitative housing shortage, the slum population in each of

the planning units was considered. This was further broken up into
authorized and unauthorized slums. 10% of the authorized slum
households and 80% of the unauthorized slum households have been
considered as households occupying non-standard dwelling units to
compute the qualitative housing shortage. In addition, the households
occupying dilapidated houses as per the socio-economic survey have
also been considered for the computation of the qualitative housing
shortage Table-7.5.
7 Housing and Slums
Table-7.5: Qualitative Housing Shortage
10% HH of Authorised
Name of the Planning
Housing Unit (A+B)

Total Nonstandard
% Kutcha Houses
Planning Unit No.
Unauthorised (B)
Unauthorised)
Unauthorised)
(Authorised+
(Authorised+
Dilapidated
80% HH of
Slum HH
Slum HH
2008 HH
Type
unit
(A)
13 Chandrasekharpur Extensive 106333 8 8507 1432 143 7635 6108 6251
15 East Kuakhai Extensive 4444 8 356 100 80 80
20 Aigania Extensive 15217 8 1217 3317 332 96 77 409
21 Tamando Extensive 9218 15 1383 1600 1280 1280
22 Gangapada Extensive 3396 15 509 180 144 144
Bhubaneswar-
17 Intensive 87111 6 5227 17884 1788 14748 11798 13587
New Town
23 Khurda Intensive 12292 15 1844 160 128 128
25 Jatani Intensive 13725 4 549 2000 1600 1600
Sensitive and Restricted Zone 48636 8 3891 3908 391 3809 3047 3438
Grand Total 300372 23482 26541 30328 26917
The total housing requirement for BDPA is thus the summation of the
following:
Future housing requirement + existing housing backlog + obsolescence

(dilapidated) + non standard housing units = 431915 dwelling units
Table-7.6.
Table-7.6: Total Housing Requirement

Planning Unit
Planning unit
Housing Unit
Requirement
Nonstandard
Requirement
Name of the
Dilapidated
Housing
Backlog
Future
Type
Total
No.
13 Chandrasekharpur Extensive 49223 2127 8507 6251 66108

15 East Kuakhai Extensive 44445 533 356 80 45414
20 Aigania Extensive 51450 1522 1217 409 54598
21 Tamando Extensive 101893 461 1383 1280 105017
22 Gangapada Extensive 21048 68 509 144 21769
Bhubaneswar-New
17 Intensive 12889 1742 5227 13587 33445
Town
23 Khurda Intensive 21041 1844 1844 128 24857
25 Jatani Intensive 15164 2059 549 1600 19372
Sensitive and Restricted Zone 49142 4864 3891 3438 61335
Grand Total 366295 15220 23483 26917 431915
The distribution of housing into different categories has been worked out
assuming the following mix of income groups:
108
Housing and Slums 7
Table-7.7: Different categories of

Income Groups
Distribution pattern 2006 Distribution pattern BDA

Income Group Income Range Rs/M No. of DUs
(BCUC) (2030)
HIG Above 12500 17.11 25 1,10,000
MIG 5,000-12500 45.38 40 1,75,000
LIG 2,500-4,999 23.01 20 90,000
EWS Below 2500 14.5 15 65,000
7.2.1 Area Requirement for Future Housing

An estimate has been made for the area required for the future housing
activity. The housing density of 2008 has been extrapolated with suitable
adjustments to arrive at the area requirement as shown in the Table-7.8
below.
Table-7.8: Housing area Requirement
2030
2008 2008 2030
Housing
Planning Name of the Total DU Housing Housing Housing
Type Area
Unit No. Planning unit Requirement Area in Density Density
Required
Acre (DU/Acre) (DU/Acre)
(Acre)
13 Chandrasekharpur Extensive 66108 2200.65 48.32 50 1322
15 East Kuakhai Extensive 45414 383.10 11.60 60 757
20 Aigania Extensive 54598 3665.85 4.15 40 1365
21 Tamando Extensive 105017 996.63 9.25 50 2100
22 Gangapada Extensive 21769 252.44 13.45 50 435
Bhubaneswar-
Intensive 33445 3665.85 23.76 50 669
17 New Town
23 Khurda Intensive 24857 876.59 14.02 40 621

25 Jatani Intensive 19372 1008.88 13.60 40 484
Sensitive and Restricted Zone 61335 40 1533
Grand Total 431915 9286
At present most of the areas lying in the BDPA have an extremely low
density, 4 DU/Acre in Aigania, 9.25 DU/Acre in Tamando and 23.76
DU/Acre in New Town Bhubaneswar. It is felt that BDPA should have a
compact development instead of a very low-density spread-out type of
development. This would be economical from the infrastructure and high
land value points of view. The future density in the additional areas has
been assumed to lie between 40 dwelling units per acre to 60 dwelling
units per acre considering the recommendation of the Planning and
Building Standards Regulation 2008 of Bhubaneswar Development
Authority.
It is evident from Table-7.8 that Chandrasekharpur already exhibits a
density of about 48 DU/Acre and is assumed to maintain the momentum
in the plan period. Thus a density of 50 DU /Acre is assumed for
Chandrasekharpur. East Kuakhai is identified as an area that is under
tremendous speculation. Though the present density is a paltry 12
7 Housing and Slums
Existing Housing Conditions
DU/Acre, the area may experience up to 60 DU /Acre in the future with

proper infrastructure provision and high-rise developments. The
Bhubaneswar New Town is currently a very low density area (24
DU/Acre). Intensive development is proposed in the New Town
Bhubaneswar through re-densification. The total additional area
requirement for housing in the BDPA is computed to be 9,286 Acres,
giving a net housing density of 46 DU/Acre.
7.3 Ground Checking of Existing Housing Conditions
An extensive ground checking was done in the various housing pockets

as well as along major spines, to understand the nature, trend and
condition of housing in the entire BDA area (Map 7.1).
1. Shaheednagar (W 20)
i. Close to C.B.D.
ii. Residential Buildings mostly confined to G+1/G+2
structures, of organized linear layout, and in good state of
maintenance.
iii. Gr. Floors of many buildings converted to commercial.
iv. Some high rise development of residential cum commercial
complexes/ office complexes, hotels has also come up in the
recent years. Fig-7.1 & 7.2: Shaheed
v. Mixed land use character clearly visible. nagar residential character
2. Madhusudan Nagar (W 18)

i. Well developed residential area.
ii. Mainly 2 to 3 storied plotted houses. Ground floors
converted to commercial use especially on plots close to
main road.
iii. Two-storied quarters of govt. officers are also seen here.
These are well maintained.
3. Satyanagar (W 26)
i. Depicts unique picture of non-uniform development with
respect to residential sector. An old locality originally, it is
infested with shanties and slums in many pockets.
ii. New residential developments vary from G+1/G+2 structures
to G+4 & above.
iii. Vacant areas are seen to exist.
4. Kharbelnagar (W 27)
i. Mixed land use character.
Fig-7.3 & 7.4: Satyanagar
ii. Plotted development mainly, though shanties are seen to typical mixed land use
exist in patches.
110
Housing and Slums 7
iii. Highly commercial land uses within residential area. Fully

commercial 2 / 3 storied buildings present as well as ground
floors of many residential buildings converted to commercial
uses.
iv. Some high-rise apartments (G + 5 to 7) also exist.
v. Offices, shops & movie halls are also seen here.
5. Bhoinagar (W 19)
i. Almost fully covered with single storied structures, which are
govt. staff quarters.
ii. Not well-maintained, transformation in the form of a room or
covering verandah has taken place.
6. Bapujinagar (W 36)
Fig-7.5: Bhoinagar i. Predominantly a commercial area, especially in the pockets
Building Transformation close to the main road.
ii. Internal pockets show dominance of residential land use.
Plotted development has taken place with 1 or 2 or 3 storied
buildings, some of them show commercial land use in their
ground floors.
iii. More or less, well maintained neighbourhood.
7. Ashoknagar (W 37)
i. Being close to main city road shows mixed land use. Areas
closer to this main road have predominantly commercial
activities, whereas internal roads of the neighbourhood show
residential character.
ii. Plotted dev observed here with 1 to 2 storied residential
buildings of good condition.
Fig-7.6: Ashoknagar iii. Some high-rise apartments (G + 5 to 7) also exist.
Multistoried apartment building
8. Ganganagar (W 35)
i. Located on the side of the road leading to airport, road is
wide and well laid out. Predominantly commercial.
ii. High rise (G+3/G+4) residential blocks are also seen.
iii. Inside housing clusters with single or double storied
buildings.
iv. On the main road, some houses are undergoing
transformation.
9. Kesarinagar (W 28/35)
i. Located on Posh area – low rise bungalows on very large
ownership plots on main road.
ii. Circuit House is located here.
iii. Openness very much evident in inside areas.
iv. Located on the side of highway leading to Nandankanan,
some G+2 to G+4 housing of good condition has developed.
7 Housing and Slums
10. Nayapalli (W 16)

i. Residential neighbourhood for V.I.P.s & hence a posh area.
Very well done 1/ 2 or 3 storied residential buildings present.
ii. Areas close to the main road show predominantly
commercial land use. Such establishments are either wholly
used in buildings or ground floors got converted, with upper
floors still having residence occupancy.
iii. 1 or 2 pockets of shanties / slums also exist here.
11. Baramunda (W 15)

i. Totally residential character of low density.
ii. Area undergoing gradual transformation along the NH
depicting mixed land use.
iii. Old area having dilapidated single storied hutments and
narrow irregular road network.
12. Dumduma (W 33)

i. Vast stretches of barren land available.
ii. Scattered plotted development has started.
iii. Housing for LIG & EWS.
iv. Infrastructure yet to develop. Roads are mostly kutcha and
street lighting is still absent.
Fig-7.7: Vast tracts of
barren land in Dumduma
13. Jagamara (W 31)
i. This area, though similar to Dumduma, is better developed
till date in comparison.
ii. Mainly 1 to 3 storied houses as plotted development has
come up. Ground floors of residences close to main road
show commercial use.
iii. Buildings are mostly new construction, large tracts of vacant
land and agricultural land is available.
iv. Infrastructure in terms of roads and surface drains exist.
14. Gopabandhunagar (W 29) Fig-7.8: Government

Quarter in Gopabandhunagar
i. Primarily residential character, pockets close to the main
road show advent of commercial land use.
ii. Inside areas- series of single-storied row houses – clusters
of 4/5 DUs having open space in front – all within one
boundary wall.
iii. Poorly maintained, these are BDA allotted as well as
government quarters.
15. Paikanagar (W 10)

i. Infested by BDA housing – single storied bungalow
Fig-7.9: BDA housing at
pattern with bit of open area for every self owned
Paikanagar
premises.
112
Housing and Slums 7
ii. Infested Condition of these structures suffers due to ill

maintenance.
16. Jayadevvihar (W 10)

i. Core housing projects by BDA. Good neighbourhood
condition, service lane provided, mostly G+2/3 structures.
ii. Plot size mainly 75mx50m
iii. Primarily, a residential area. Newer pockets of private
development coming up.
iv. Change of land use on edge of neighbourhood-mostly
Fig-7.10: BDA core housing MNCs occupying office space.
extension Jaydevvihar
17. Patia Chowk (W 2)

i. Plotted development.
ii. Brisk housing activity, new buildings are coming up in
abundance. All are 1 or 2 or 3 storied.
18. Garakan (W 4)
i. Netaji Subhas Enclave: G+4 housing complex, being built on
a vast expanse of open land by BDA. No occupancy yet.
Roads approaching it are still kutcha. These are stilted
construction.
ii. This locality of Gadakan has been identified for future
development.
iii. Plotted development has also begun here, though roads are
Fig-7.11: BDA housing at incomplete.
Gadakana
iv. Plot sizes 200-350 sq m.
19. Kananvihar (W 1 & W 4 )

i. Developed by Housing Board as a neighbourhood of plotted
development.
ii. Each plot is about 200 sq m on which one to two storied row
housing residences have come up, primarily for LIG and
MIG.
iii. Some housing transformation is noticed.
20. Govindprasad (W 21)

This area on the eastern side of the Railway track, north of
Jharpara flyover, depicts the following characteristics:
i. Development is at an embryonic stage.
ii. Plotted development is taking place here. Only a handful of
1 or 2 storied residential buildings have come up here.
iii. Infrastructure as in roads is not yet completed.
7 Housing and Slums
21. VSS Nagar (W 8 )

i. Already developed area with predominantly residential land
use of densely packed nature.
ii. 1 or 2 or 3 storied residential buildings of row housing type.
iii. Commercial land use is also seen here on the main road.
22. Laxmisagar (W 31)

This area lies on the south of Govindprasad showing
predominant character as follows: Fig-7.12: Row housing:
character of VSS Nagar
i. Already developed area with predominantly residential
land use of high density, mostly plotted development
and predominant height of structure being 1 to 2 stories.
ii. Development along Cuttack - Puri road is highly
commercial in nature.
23. BJB Nagar (W 40)

i. A posh, low density, low rise residential area, mainly owned
by bureaucrats.
ii. Good wide road layout.
iii. 1 or 2 storeyed bungalows in large self-owned separate
compounds for each.
Fig-7.13: BJB Nagar

residential character
24. Goutamnagar( W 41)
i. Relatively older residential area, hence gives a dirty &
shabby look, G+ 21/2 predominant height.
ii. 1 or 2 storied row as well as semi-detached housing seen
here.
iii. Organic street pattern.
iv. Irregular plot sizes, 150-500 sq m, open drains, lacks open
space at cluster level
25. Chandrasekharpur (W 3) Fig-7.14: Gautamnagar

private residential
i. Several housing schemes by BDA including the Niladri

Vihar, Saileshree Vihar: plotted housing schemes. Also by
Housing Board.
ii. Poor condition due to maintenance problem with G+2
housing done by Housing Board.
iii. Chandrasekharpur District Centre developed by BDA:
plotted development, sold to private individuals, many
vacant plots still available. Road layout is good.
iv. Size of plot ranges from 250-300 up to 500 sq m. Fig-7.15: Core Housing
by BDA
114
Housing and Slums 7
v. Lumbini Vihar is a core housing scheme by BDA, G+1,

scheme still not occupied, security problem could be the
cause.
vi. Niladri Vihar is next to Lumbini Vihar, plotted housing
scheme, plot size small around 200 sq m. People have
started living here.
vii. Army welfare Housing Organisation is a housing estate for
Fig-7.16: AWHO Housing retired army personnel, private ownership, and duplex type
with open terrace.
After an extensive survey of the housing areas, ground checking was

conducted for existing housing along various important roads. An account
of the housing condition and typology on different stretches I given here:
A. The stretch starting from Hospital Square, moving

northwards through AG Square, Rabindra Mandap Square,
Fig-7.17: Chandrasekharpur Acharya Vihar Chowk to Sainik School. The salient
BDA Plotted housing scheme
observations are:
i. Initial stretch exhibits government bungalows in

large walled compounds. There are parks, hospital
etc. also on this road. This area resembles
government enclave of New Delhi.
ii. After the Secretariat offices, along the same road,
usual residential character starts. New housing
complexes have come up. Old 2/3 storied buildings
Fig-7.18: Club Town by KZK
are also there whose ground floors have been
converted to commercial land use.
iii. Opposite the Museum on the same road, large
stretch of slums exists with vacant stretch of land
behind them.
iv. After this begins large stretches of vacant land on
either side, with some hutments in front beside road.
Behind these open lands are found large walled
Fig-7.19: Govt. quarters plots owned by govt. / PSU companies.
stretch (A)
v. On this stretch after crossing Sainik School,
residential blocks are more densely packed, with
heights ranging between 1 and 4 stories. Ground
floors of some have been converted to shopping.
B. The next stretch emanated from Sainik School moving

westward through Gagan Niwas to the NALCO Square and
Kalinga Hospital.
Fig-7.20: Apartment Blocks-
recent trend
7 Housing and Slums
i. Mixed land use, with well maintained housing with row

of shops in front.
ii. Plotted development has taken place here, which is
evident through visible plot division.
iii. Large expanse multistoried housing apartments is also
noticeable.
C. The next stretch starts from the Kalinga Hospital crossing

moving south through Xavier Square, Jaydevvihar,
Gopabandhu Square, to Siripur crossing in Suryanagar. The
predominant housing typology is as follows:
i. The first part up to NALCO: Army land on one side,

while commercial land use found on the other. After
Fig-7.21: Commercial land use
Army land, residential plotted development has taken
near NALCO
place with new dwelling units coming up. Lots of vacant
areas exist. This zone of about 2 Km stretch shows
predominantly institutional and commercial land uses.
ii. After NALCO, plotted development has come up on both
sides of the road.
iii. BDA housing lies on the main road of Jaydevvihar
Chowk. Condition of this depicts poor maintenance.
iv. After this point, predominantly residential character is
observed; though scattered offices and shopping also
exists. Some group housing estates are found here
Fig.7.22: Group Housing:
including R.B.I. housing is also seen here. Residential character on this
stretch
D. The next stretch starts from Baramunda Bus Stand moving
northward to CRPF Square.
i. Shanties and small shops exist, behind which large
expanse of open field is present.
ii. On the other side, densely packed residential land use
(2 to 3 storied) exits. Busy commercial activities also
exist here showing mixed land use.
iii. CRPF campus is also found here on one side of the
road.
Fig-7.23: Vast tract of vacant
land exits in this stretch
E. The stretch from CRPF Square to Jaydevvihar exhibits
mixed land use:
116
Housing and Slums 7
i. Thickly packed properties on either side of the road –

commercial in the front & residential in the rear plots. Rich
commercial activities in the ground floors of many houses.
ii. Stray vacant land is found.
iii. Walled housing estate also exists.
F. The stretch from Jaydevvihar Square to Bomikhal Bus Stand

Fig-7.24: Multistoried
passing through Acharya Vihar Chowk and Vani Vihar
Housing on this stretch
Chowk is a stretch experiencing predominantly institutional
developments with patches of residential and commercial
land uses.
Khurda
iv. An old traditional small town.
v. The housing typology is row housing for the LIG and semi-
detached housing for the MIG.
Fig-7.25: Retail Commercial vi. Vast expanse of open areas is available.
land use on the edge
vii. Extensive railway housing seen here, though all are not well
maintained.
viii. Some signs of newly constructed housing estates.
Jatani
i. First colonial planned township of Orissa with well laid out road
network, physical and social infrastructure.
ii. Old semi-urban center with industrial base of the local economy.
Lots of small workshops catering primarily to railway industry
linked products.
iii. Traffic colony- Bungalows, semi detached and detached staff
quarters, having ample open spaces, play grounds, institution
buildings, school, hospital.
iv. Railway Colony on the eastern part of the railway line is single
storied row housing having comparatively less open spaces.
Fig-7.26: Institutional
development: predominant v. Slum / shanty type development in abundance.
on this stretch (F) vi. Traditional houses are also seen, especially on the state highway
running through the town. Many of these are showing mixed land
use in the form of setting up of shops in their ground floors.
vii. Important railway centre. Extensive railway housing is seen here.
Presence of Railway workshop, Railway owned stadium, Railway
hospital, etc.
viii. Housing in poor state of maintenance.
The above information obtained through ground checking may be

summarized as follows:
7 Housing and Slums
Table-7.9: Housing character & Typology in BDPA
Sl.No. Area Nature of Development
i. On western side, single storied staff quarters are there.

1. Ashok Nagar ii. On East of Janpath, commercial development with building height 2 to
3 floors.
2. Madhusudan Nagar i. Predominantly 3 storied staff quarters.
i. Residential area on western side.
3. Kharavel Nagar ii. On east of Janpath commercial office complex, godowns, store yards
are there.
i. Predominantly commercial in character.
4. Bapuji Nagar
ii. Buildings are of 2 to 3 floors on an average.
i. Single storied residential staff quarters except one or two high-rise
5 Ganganagar
buildings.
i. Mix land use.
6 Keshari Nagar ii. Abutting Sachivalaya Marg high-rise office complexes are there. Staff
quarters and other administrative buildings.
i. Majority of land is under private ownership.

7. Nayapalli ii. Mixed land use varying from residential to institutional & commercial.
iii. This area also have multistoried residential apartments.
i. Predominantly Housing schemes implemented by Orissa State

8. Baramunda Housing Board,
ii. BDA commercial buildings, bus stand etc. are located in this area.
i. Predominantly double storied residential complexes of Housing
9. Dumuduma
Board, slum housings, institutional areas etc.
i. Residential area, housing area of Government, commercial complex,
10 Jayadev vihar institutional complex, general height of the buildings are 2 to 3 floors
on an average.
i. Residential area, Housing plots were given by Government, general
11 Gopabandhu Nagar
height of the buildings are 2 to 3 floors.
i. Predominantly residential staff quarters, general height of the building
12 Delta Colony
are 3 storied.
i. Predominantly residential use. Land under private ownership.
13 Jagamara
ii. Maximum height of the building varies from 2 to 3 floors.
i. Government staff quarters
14 NALCO colony ii. Three storied apartments
i. It is an Institutional area with Income Tax Office building surrounding

15 Income Tax Colony by Staff quarters.
ii. Maximum height of the building varies from 2 to 3 floors.
i. Residential staff colony and office complex of East Coast Railway.
16 Rail Vihar ii. Residential colony – 2 floors (Ground & First)
17 Survey of India Colony
i. It is an educational complex with university buildings along with staff

18 Vanivihar quarters.
ii. Predominantly single storied staff quarters.
19 Postal colony
New Government colony

20 near Sainik School i) 3 to 4 storied apartments of Government staff quarters.
i. Mainly residential colony implemented by Orissa State Housing

Board.
21 Kanan vihar ii. Single storied buildings were allotted, at present additions and
alternations have been undertaken by the plot owners.
iii. Average building height is 2 to 3 floors.
118
Housing and Slums 7
Existing Scenario and Trends
7.4 Existing Scenario and Trends
The existing scenario is analysed in the following section to arrive at

likely trends.
7.4.1 Household Distribution

It is evident from the table that in the BDPA area as a whole, nuclear
families form the largest component (52.68%) followed by extended
(21.21%) and joint families (19.49). In the Khurda, and Jatani
municipalities, extended and joint families are a significant number. It is
expected that the BDPA area will continue to see the growth of nuclear
families. Housing for young couples and single families as well as housing
for the elderly, is likely to be significant in the BDPA area. An increased
demand for rental housing in this area is envisaged.
Table-7.10: Distribution of Households and Persons by Household type in BDPA
Bhubaneswar MC BDA Rural Khurda (M) Jatani (M) Total

Stratum 1 2 3 6 8 9
Single Member 8.06 8.66 3.62 2.90 6.36 5.30 5.82
Nuclear 67.20 62.19 70.83 46.55 38.18 31.13 52.68
Extended 11.83 11.85 9.96 20.94 33.64 39.07 21.21
Joint 12.37 14.81 14.86 29.29 21.82 23.84 19.49
Mess/Boarding 0.54 2.51 0.54 0.22 0.00 0.66 0.75
Not Reported 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.05
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Source: Socio economic survey IIT-2006
Several measures will have to be taken to make rental housing an

acceptable proposition and also to make rental housing affordable.
Reverse mortgage will help increase the rental housing stock, while
narrowing the supply-demand gap will bring down the rent. Rent that is
15-20% of income will be considered as economic rent. New dwelling
units will also be made available for the prospective home buyers. The
housing cost as a multiple of annual household income has to be brought
to 3-4 times, to make housing affordable and attractive.
The joint and extended families in the Khurda and Jatani areas are likely
to break up. Many of the members will move out within and outside the
region for jobs. New activities proposed in these areas will also attract in-
migration to these areas. The existing housing colonies in Khurda and
Jatani could be augmented to increase the housing supply, and new low
rise plotted development is expected to be the major housing typology.
7 Housing and Slums
7.4.2 Distribution of Household by type of Dwelling Unit

The Table-7.11 shows that over 73% of the households in BDPA area
live in pucca houses, while about 20% of the households occupy the
kutcha and semi kutcha houses. About 78% of the households in the
Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation area occupy pucca houses. While in
the rural component of Bhubaneswar only 56% of the households live in
pucca houses. The CDP assumes new roles to the BDA rural areas. This
will generate a new scenario with a drastic increase in the pucca houses.
A sizable number of kutcha and semi-pucca will filter upwards, while new
pucca construction will far outweigh the kutcha construction.
Table-7.11: Distribution of Households By

type of dwelling unit in BDPA
BDA Khurda Jatani

Bhubaneswar MC Total
Rural (M) (M)
Stratum 1 2 3 6 8 9
Pucca 80.65 74.94 78.62 55.90 72.73 78.81 73.60
Kutcha 9.68 5.69 8.33 18.82 15.45 3.31 10.22
Semi-pucca 5.91 10.93 8.70 14.25 5.45 15.89 10.12
Hut 3.76 8.43 4.35 11.02 6.36 1.99 5.98
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
7.4.3 Floor Area per Household/Person

Table-7.12: Distribution of Households by
total area covered of dwelling units
BDA Khurda Jatani

BMC Total
Rural (M) (M)
Stratum 1 2 3 6 8 9
Less than
0.00 0.68 1.09 0.56 1.82 0.00 0.69
100
101-150 5.38 2.05 0.54 3.79 0.91 0.66 2.22
151-250 6.99 5.01 2.36 6.57 9.09 4.64 5.78
251-500 7.53 12.30 10.69 22.16 13.64 29.80 16.02
501-750 14.52 12.76 9.60 19.04 17.27 24.50 16.28
751-1200 25.81 29.61 30.25 22.27 23.64 13.91 24.25
>1200 29.57 31.89 34.78 17.26 30.00 25.83 28.22
Not
10.22 5.69 10.69 8.35 3.64 0.66 6.54
Reported
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
In the BDPA about 24% of the households occupy 751-1200 sq ft of

covered area and another 28% live in areas above 1200sq ft. In Khurda
and Jatani areas, 30% and about 26% of the households live in areas
more than 1200 sq ft.
It is anticipated that the BDPA area will generate a significant demand for
housing in the 750-1200 sq ft range, owing to the growth in IT and ITES
sectors.
120
Housing and Slums 7
7.4.4 Ownership Pattern

Table-7.13 above shows the house ownership pattern in the BDPA area.
Overall, 75% of the households own their houses and only 13.64% live in
rented accommodation. The rural areas of BDPA show that almost 98%
of the households own their houses. The stratum 1, 2 and 3 falling in the
BMC show the maximum (about 20%) of households in rented
accommodation. About 26 % of the households in stratum 2, live in office
accommodation. This trend is likely to grow further with a larger share of
Institutional housing and rented accommodation.
Table-7.13: Households by type of possession of dwelling units
BMC BDA Rural Khurda (M) Jatani (M) Total

Stratum 1 2 3 6 8 9
Owned 69.89 52.16 66.67 97.88 86.36 76.82 75
Owned by
1.08 0.46 1.27 0.00 0.00 0.66 0.58
relatives
Office Quarter 4.30 25.97 12.32 0.33 6.36 11.92 10.05

Owned Flat 0.54 0.91 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30
Rented
23.66 18.45 17.39 1.67 7.27 10.60 13.12
House
Rented Flat 0.54 1.37 1.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52
Others 0.00 0.68 0.72 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.25
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
7.4.5 Nature of Dwelling Units

The Table-7.14 shows that about 69% of the households reside in one
storied houses in BDPA, a 12.60 % in the two storied category. About 4%
households are living in multi-storied and apartment building. There is a
significant rise in multi-storied and apartment buildings in stratum 3,
amounting to about 10%, more than double of the BDPA average. About
13% of the households live in slums.
Table-7.14: Nature of dwellings
Bhubaneswar MC BDA Rural Khurda (M) Jatani (M) Total
Stratum 1 2 3 6 8 9
One storied 75.81 57.86 56.52 70.38 66.36 85.43 68.71
Two Storied 12.37 18.45 18.12 3.45 12.73 10.60 12.63
Multi Storied 2.15 2.96 8.15 0.78 0.00 0.00 2.34
Flat 0.54 7.06 2.17 0.11 0.00 0.00 1.65
Slum Hut 7.53 12.76 12.32 24.61 19.09 3.97 13.38
Others 1.61 0.91 2.72 0.67 1.82 0.00 1.29
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
7 Housing and Slums
Khurda and Jatani are likely to maintain their low-rise built up character,
the high escalation of land prices will see growth of multi storied
apartments and some condominiums in the Chandrasekharpur, Aigania,
Pokhariput and East Kuakhai areas. The BMC area falling in Stratum 2,
and identified as intensive development zone in the Vision 2030 will
probably see a rise in walk up type (G+4) dwelling units with heights up
to 15m. Part of this will be through new construction activity while re-
densification by addition of extra floors to existing dwelling units will also
rise significantly. It is also anticipated that smaller plots in the range of
500 sq. m will get amalgamated to accommodate new dwelling units in
the range of G+ 8 category.
7.4.6 Major Housing Providers

The major institutional housing in the BDPA is undertaken by the Orissa
State Housing Board (OSHB), and the Bhubaneswar Development
Planning Area (BDPA). The various housing typologies are shown in the
Table-7.15 below:
Table-7.15: Institutional Housing
EWS LIG MIG HIG Others

Bhubaneswar 4510 13023 5656 3417 1208 27814
Khurda 118 345 389 0 0 852
Jatani 80 0 45 0 0 125
Total 4708 13368 6090 3417 1208
The Table shows that the major thrust of the housing authorities have
been towards providing EWS, LIG and MIG housing schemes.
The major thrust and shift in the focus of institutional housing has been
analysed to be of the following nature:
The 70s-80s decade saw an emphasis on group housing schemes,

including staff housing, shop cum residential schemes. The 80s-90s
decade continued the emphasis on group housing that included composite
housing schemes. Slum rehabilitation schemes were also undertaken
considering the growing number of slums in this period. The 90s-2000,
emphasized on plotted housing schemes including core housing for
various income groups. Slum rehabilitation schemes also continued. The
post 2000 period till date saw a shift towards joint venture schemes in the
public-private-partnership (PPP) mode.
7.4.7 Housing Strategy

The existing population of BDPA of around 13.7 lakh will reach 30 lakh by
the period 2030. This will mean an addition of around 16.3 lakh people.
With an average household size of 4.5 this implies an addition of 3.66
lakh dwelling units. In addition there is a current backlog of around 15,000
122
Housing and Slums 7
dwelling units. If the qualitative shortage and obsolescence factors are

added to that, the total housing requirement for BDPA in 2030 is around
4.32 lakh dwelling units.

i. Re-densification of the planning units for compact growth.
ii. Development of new housing colonies and new townships in the
norms and increase FAR provision.
iii. Augmentation of the existing housing schemes that are indicating
slow growth.
7.4.8 Re-densification of the planning units for compact

growth
The BDPA area comprises the following planning units:
The Chandrasekharpur Planning Unit number 13 had a dwelling density

of about 48 DU/Acre in 2008. It is likely to continue this momentum in the
plan period up to 2030 and the dwelling density in the additional area
assumed for this period is 50 DU/Acre.
The East Kuakhai Planning Unit number 15 exhibits a dwelling density of

about 12 DU/Acre. To arrest large scale speculation that is going on in
this area, large scale township projects are proposed with emphasis on
high rise group housing. The density assumed for the new area required
for housing, is 60 DU/Acre.
The Aigania Planning Unit number 20 currently has only 4 DU/Acre. This
area will witness revival of ongoing housing schemes as well as
development of new integrated townships. The density assumed is 40
DU/Acre. Aigania (20), Tamando (21) and Gangapada (22) should be
seen in tandem for development of integrated townships. It is also
proposed to have a Special Housing Zone (SHZ) or a Special Housing
Corridor (SHC) in this zone with incentives for affordable housing. The
density is assumed to be 50 DU/Acre both for Tamando and Gangapada,
for the additional area required for housing up from existing 9 and 14
respectively.
Bhubaneswar New Town, Planning Unit number 17 is identified for

intensive development. There will be addition of extra floors,
amalgamation of plots for apartment style housing. The existing density of
24 DU/Acre is assumed to go up to 50 DU/Acre.
Khurda (23) and Jatani (25) are also earmarked for intensive
development. The existing density of about 14 DU/Acre is expected to go
up to 40 DU/Acre.
7 Housing and Slums
New Townships in the Pipeline
Table-7.16: Re-densification of Planning units
2008 Housing Density
2030 Housing Density

Name of the Planning
Planning Unit No.
(DU/Acre)
(DU/Acre)
Type
unit
13 Chandrasekharpur Extensive 48.32 50

15 East Kuakhai Extensive 11.60 60
20 Aigania Extensive 4.15 40
21 Tamando Extensive 9.25 50
22 Gangapada Extensive 13.45 50
Bhubaneswar-New
17 Intensive 23.76 50
Town
23 Khurda Intensive 14.02 40

25 Jatani Intensive 13.60 40
Sensitive and Restricted Zone 40
Grand Total
7.5 New Townships in the Pipeline
The new townships in the pipeline are as follows:
7.5.1 Future Housing Project of BDA (next five years)

Table-7.17: Future Housing Project of BDA
Sl. Area (approximately Predominant

Location
No. (in acre) development purpose
HIG,MIG& LIG
C.S.Pur, Gadakan &
Multistory complex and
Damana
1. 25 rehabilitation of 200
(behind Kanchanjunga
apartment) slum families
Pokhariput
2. 9 HIG Duplex
HIG,MIG & LIG
3. Paikarapur, Phase-I 14 Multistory complex
4. Patrapada 3 Multistory HIG Complex

Multistory HIG & MIG
5. Paikarapur, Phase-II 3
complex
Sankarpur Multistory HIG & MIG
6. 12
complex
Multistory HIG & MIG
7. Subudhipur 8
8. Satellite township 35 Residential complex
Gadakan Multistory HIG,MIG &
9. 36
LIG Complex
C.S.Pur
10. 6 MIG& LIG complex
HIG<MIG & LIG
11. Laxmisagar 9 Multistory complex
124
Housing and Slums 7
7.5.2 Future Housing Project of Orissa State Housing Board

(OSHB)
Table-7.18: Future Housing Project of OSHB
Sl. Area (approximately Predominant

Location
No. (in acre) development purpose
HIG,MIG& LIG
1. Patrapada 30
Multistory complex
Multistory HIG,MIG &
2. Sijua, Ranasinghpur 10
LIG Complex
3. Kalarahanga 20
LIG Complex
4. Shyampur 30
LIG Complex
7.5.3 Future Housing Private Sector
Table-7.19: Future Housing Private Sector
Sl.
Location Predominant development purpose
No.
Multistory apartment of S+3

1. Patia
storey

2. C.S.Pur
storey
3. Gadakan
storey
4. Saheednagar
storey
5. Godagopinath Prasad storey

6. JayadevVihar
storey
7. Laxmisagar
storey
8. Gajapati Nagar
storey
9. Nayapalli storey
7.5.4 Future New/Augmentation of Housing Schemes
i. Aigania (Z 20), Tamando (Z 21) and Gangapada (Z 22)
Aigania, Tamando and Gangapada lying in the south western part of

BDPA presently are very low density areas. The existing density is
around 4 DU/Acre in Aigania, 9 DU/Acre in Tamando and 13 DU/Acre in
Gangapada. But this area is going to have a much larger share of the
population and hence a big jump in the housing density in the plan
period. The ILFS in the Interim Development Plan has proposed the
South City in this region for a target population of 12 lakh. However, our
planning team envisages that Aigania, Tamando and Gangapada may
add up to 8-9 lakh population. Accordingly, the planning team has
proposed a satellite township here. Planning team also feels that this
7 Housing and Slums
addition may happen in a phased manner with the first phase seeing
probably an addition of up to 3-5 lakh population. The dwelling density of
the region will come up to around 50 DU/Acre, necessitating additional
land of 4000Acres.
There is a need for induced growth. Group housing and condominiums

are likely to come up. Several integrated townships on 10 Ha + land is
likely that will accommodate mainly group housing. Plotted housing is
also likely to come up, especially in Aigania. The success of induced
development will depend on provision of infrastructure.
The characteristic is likely to be of high end housing. The area will be

served by a service population mainly coming from Bharatpur (Div. 12),
Dumduma (Div. 17 and Jatani (Div. 25). Accordingly, special housing
schemes for LIG and EWS on multifamily walk up apartment up to G+3/4
stories may be planned. The slum rehabilitation schemes at Bharatpur
under JNNURM may continue and other in situ slum improvement
schemes may be planned.
ii. Chandrasekharpur (Z 13)

Already has been identified as a fast moving corridor. High rise group
housing, campus style corporate housing, and studio apartments
especially for rental purpose; are the likely trends. Re-densification is
possible on existing schemes that include Saileshree Vihar by Housing
Board, Niladri Vihar by BDA, Kanan Vihar by BDA and GA Department.
At present the BDA plots are predominantly 60 ft x 40 ft, the GA
Department plots are 60 ft x 40 ft, 75 ft x 50 ft and 60 ft x 90 ft. These
areas are currently single storied in nature with FAR 1.5, but according to
new building regulation of BDPA (2008), up to G+ 2/3 heights may be
allowed on plots over 500sq m in size.
This area is likely to be served by a service population from Sikhar

Chandi slum rehabilitation colony, Niladri Vihar and Saileshree Vihar.
Many of the slums occupy prime land and a land sharing approach like
the Bangkok model, may be tried.
iii. East Kuakhai (Z 15)

The BDPA share of East of Kuakhai will show similar trends of
development as the entire East of Kuakhai area falling in the BCUC. This
area is earmarked for fast development, even ahead of some existing
housing schemes like Kalinganagar area. The area is likely to have an
additional 200,000 population requiring about 800 Acres of land. The
density is assumed to be 60 DU /Acre. The housing will mostly be
developed by the private sector and will be high rise in nature, mostly
high to middle income type.
126
Housing and Slums 7
iv. Bhubaneswar New Town (Z 17)

Mostly medium end housing will develop here. It has been earmarked for
Intensive development since it has good infrastructure but a very low
existing density of about 24 DU/Acre. For 2030, an additional 36,000
dwelling units serving a population of 1.5-1.6 lakh population, is
projected. This will be mostly achieved through re - densification. An
increase in height of the existing structures to G+2-G+3 may be possible.
Some amalgamation of small plots into larger ones is also likely where
group housing may come up. Overall, the traditional character of plotted
type of development is likely to remain.
a. Augmentation of Existing housing schemes at Kalinganagar

The Kalinganagar housing scheme started in 1992 as a planned plotted
development scheme by the BDPA. Around 8000 plots were created for
the MIG & HIG categories. In addition around 2000 dwelling units were
also created. The project is yet to fully take off due to lack of
infrastructure, and connectivity. The delay in development of the scheme
is also attributed to lack of neighbourhood level facilities. Out of the 10
sectors that were planned only 2-3 have developed.
Augmenting Kalinganagar Housing Scheme is proposed through
planning at the rate of 2-3 households per plot. This will be able to
accommodate 70,000-100,000 population.
b. New Housing in Bhubaneswar along Nandankanan

At Jayadevvihar, the Nandankanan road branches out of the NH 5 and
moves in the North West direction. This stretch is among the fastest
moving corridors in BDPA and is proposed to be the future IT and
Knowledge city. Such development will trigger the requirements for large
scale high end housing. Several campus style establishments and
business centres bearing a distinct corporate stamp are likely to come
up, especially in this stretch, which are often dubbed as ‘temples of
modern India’.
c. New Housing at Khurda and Jatani

Khurda
Khurda Municipality consists of various villages such as Gurujanga in the

north, Mukunda Prasad and Jemadei in the east, Garh Khurda and
Samantapur in the south, and Palla, Jemadei in the west.
The general character of housing is one of low rise development

upholding the traditional mohalla (sahi) culture. During 1975-76, Orissa
State Housing Board (OSHB), started LIG and MIG housing Scheme at
Jajarsingh and Sanapalla, mainly single storied detached houses having
well planned road network. In 1989-90 more LIG and MIG Housing
Schemes were established at Mukunda Prasad and Garh Khurda. The
7 Housing and Slums
housing typology is row housing for the LIG and semi-detached housing
for the MIG.
Khurda is likely to retain its low-rise characteristic. Proposed future

augmentation of small scale industries and retail and wholesale activities
and linking of Khurda-Jatni through a fast corridor will generate a
sizeable demand for housing. The demand for rental housing may also
increase.
Jatani
Jatani town was developed in 1880s by the East India Railway Company.
It developed as an important Railway junction. Khurda Road Township
has a distinct place as the first colonial planned township of Orissa, with
well laid out road network, physical and social infrastructure. The traffic
colony comprised of Bungalows semi detached and detached staff
quarters having ample open spaces, play grounds, institution buildings,
school, hospital etc.
The Railway Colony on the eastern part of the railway line is single
storied row housing having comparatively less open spaces. After
Independence new railway colonies such as Retang Colony mainly semi
detached single storied was developed in the northern side of town. New
colony and Accounts are mainly G+2 structures.
LIG and MIG housing schemes were developed by BDA in 1988-89.

Mundia Sahi Bustee is the largest slum of Jatni having approximately five
hundred households. It is developed on the Government land. Another
major slum is the Phakat bustee near Balichak Sahi. The existing
housing stock at Jatni will be revitalized augmented and made attractive
for future rental requirements.
Future new/augmentation housing schemes are shown in Map-7.2.
7.6 Slums
As per the 2001 Census of India, a slum is a compact area of at least 300
persons population or about 60-70 households of poorly built congested
tenements, in an unhygienic environment usually with inadequate
infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and drinking water facilities.
Indicators of slum are:
i. Land encroachment
ii. Locational incompatibility
iii. Unplanned development
iv. Unauthorized construction
v. Temporary or semi permanent structures
vi. Absence or inadequacy of basic services
128
Housing and Slums 7
Slums
7.6.1 Existing slums in BMC
The growth rate in BMC area during the decade 1991-2001 was 57.46%
which was much higher than the national average of 31.17% or the State
average of 27.78%.
In total, as on 16.05.2003, there are 47 wards in BMC with 59 authorized

slums and 131 unauthorized slums, 3 are recognized by School & Mass
Education Department, the total being 193 slums.
From the Table-7.20, Table-7.21 and Map-7.3, it is observed that:

1. Ward no. 9 has maximum 30 slums having a total of 95.97%
of population living in slums.
2. Saliasahi, largest slum of Bhubaneswar belongs to this area
where about 10,000 people reside.
3. In ward no. 13, maximum percentage 99.32% of people is
slum dwellers.
4. Ward no. 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 13, 32, 33, 34, and 40 on Table xx
have more than 40% of total ward population, slum dwellers.
5. Ward no. 6, 9, 13 and 32 have more than 90% slum
dwellers.
6. Ward no. 24, Buddhanagar area has maximum 13 slums
followed by Pallaspally which has 11 slums.
7. Chandrasekharpur, BDA and Unit -2 which are planned
developed areas have no slums.
Table-7.20: Number of Slums
No. of No. of
Ward No. Remark area
slums wards
13 1 24 Budhanagar
11 1 34 Pallas Pally
9 1 13 Syampur
8 3 6,9,31 Nakhara, Saliasahi, Jagamara
7 3 14,30,44 Khandagiri, Siripur, Bhimtangi
Chakeisiani, Palasuni, Ashok Nagar,
6 6 5,7,25,33,40,46
Dumduma, BJB Nagar, Samantarapur
Patia, Gadakana, VSS Nagar, Satya
1,4,8,26,32,38,4
5 7 Nagar, Pokhariput, Badagada,
1
Nageswartangi
Chandrasekharpur, Baramunda Bus
2,12,15,18,19,2 Stand, Baramunda, Acharya Vihar,
4 10
1, 27,35,43,45 Unit-9, Bomikhal, Unit-3, Unit-6,
Lingaraj Nagar, Kapila Prasad
16,20,29,36,42, Nayapalli, Sahid Nagar, Unit-8, Forest
3 6
47 Park, Rameswar Patana, Ratnakarbag
Sastri Nagar, Laxmisagar,
2 3 17,23,28
Madhusudan Nagar
IRC Village, Rental Colony,
1 4 10,11,22,39
Jharapada, Badagada Brit Colony.
Nil 2 3,37 Chandrasekharpur BDA, Unit-2
Total 47
7 Housing and Slums
Slums
Table-7.21: Ward wise slum population
Ward
Total population Total Slum Population % of Slum Population to
No. of Slums
2001 2001 Total Ward population
W-1 11297 7 6248 55.30

W-2 11318 8 4616 40.78
W-3 8131 6 1682 20.68
W-4 9854 8 4711 47.80
W-5 9727 11 3374 34.68
W-6 12915 11 12243 94.79
W-7 10512 7 4017 38.21
W-8 15000 8 4723 31.48
W-9 25313 30 24293 95.97
W-10 15127 1 877 5.79
W-11 7070 2 1290 18.24
W-12 6417 7 2766 43.10
W-13 7814 3 7761 99.32
W-14 7873 3 2735 34.73
W-15 11411 3 2719 23.82
W-16 10016 3 2652 26.47
W-17 10230 3 1864 18.22
W-18 10220 3 2016 19.72
W-19 7450 5 1389 18.64
W-20 16964 3 3000 17.68
W-21 9525 3 932 9.78
W-22 10150 3 3416 33.65
W-23 15532 4 2038 13.12
W-24 11046 6 3938 35.65
W-25 9346 4 2592 27.73
W-26 7953 3 2783 34.99
W-27 13885 5 2521 18.15
W-28 15303 5 1170 7.64
W-29 8878 6 1749 19.70
W-30 18775 5 1394 7.44
W-31 6488 6 1389 21.4
W-32 6152 10 7611 93.36
W-33 5933 6 5254 88.55
W-34 12277 7 5254 42.79
W-35 18361 7 3255 17.72
W-36 11016 7 3444 31.26
W-37 16950 2 240 1.41
W-38 12907 3 861 6.67
W-39 11196 2 1593 14.22
W-40 9746 7 4527 46.44
W-41 15935 7 2058 12.91
W-42 8186 3 540 6.58
W-43 5654 Nil Nil 0.00
W-44 10654 8 2183 20.48
W-45 11001 3 1353 12.29
W-46 6760 4 1410 20.85
W-47 4231 2 1138 26.89
Total 5,35,259 1,59,619
Source: Non-enrolment and drop out rates of metro cities: A case study of BMC area, Orissa P. (as on 1-05-2004)
130
Housing and Slums 7
Slums
7.6.2 Slums in other Municipalities

Except Bhubaneswar, there is negligible presence of slums in other
municipalities such as Khurda and Jatni. There is presence of some old
settlements called Sahis, which show the symptoms of a slum. Physical
characterstics of these places depict narrow lanes, semipucca or pucca
built structures, low rise and high density development and deficient in
basic urban services. The other kind of settlements called bustis are also
slums present in smaller pockets either in outskirts or within municipal
limits.
Physical characterstics of these slums are:

i. Unorganized development of colonies on Government lands.
ii. Kutcha houses having thatched, tin, or asbestos roof.
iii. There is severe lack of sanitary facility in these slums. Public
wells and community bore wells are source of water supply for
the residents.
iv. Though there is availability of electric supply in these areas but
economic condition of most of the residents does not permit to
avail this facility.
v. Most of the residents are staying in these places for more than
twenty years.
vi. Primary occupation of these residents is as agricultural
labourers, construction labourers, rickshaw pullers, etc. Younger
generation is employed as taxi and four wheeler drivers, workers
in warehouses and business establishments. Women and girl
children are often engaged in bamboo weaving.
vii. Most of the residents are Saura, Domu and Bauri community
who are socially backward.
7.6.3 Slum Upgrading/ Development Approaches

Slum eradication programmes have been a disaster everywhere.
Subsequently, slum upgrading approaches were conceived. Some of the
slum upgrading approaches undertaken globally and nationally are
discussed here which are suggested for implementtation in the BDA
area. A multicriteria approach is required to arrive at the best-fit solution
for the slum pockets.
7.6.3.1 Settlement Re-Construction
This is suggested if the following conditions hold good.
1. Locational compatibility – The location of the settlement should

be compatible with the zoning and land-use provisions of the
development plan.
7 Housing and Slums
Slums
2. FSI – There should be adequate FSI to accommodate all the

households.
3. Density – Permissible density should accommodate all the
households.
4. Affordability – The minimum affordability of households should be
enough for a 180 sq ft tenement with a two- storey structure.
5. The community should agree to form a co-operative society.
7.6.3.2 Settlement Relocation
Settlement relocation is suggested in the following conditions:
1. Locational incompatibility – If the location of the existing

settlement is incompatible with provisions of zoning, land-use, or
land reservation for public purpose as per the development plan.
2. Alternative land – Alternative land at affordable price, and

acceptable location for the households, should be available.
3. Affordability – Minimum affordability for each household for a

serviced plot of 250 sq. ft.
7.6.3.3 Slum Networking
After a multitude of awards, most notably the United Nations World

Habitat Award for Urban Development in 1993 and the 1998 Aga Khan
Award for Architecture, Slum Networking is gaining worldwide
recognition. The benefits of Slum Networking in Indore have been
extensively documented. In networking 181 slums, the city gained 225
miles (360 kilometers) of new roads, 185 miles (300 kilometers) of new
sewer lines, 150 miles (240 kilometers) of new water lines, 120
community halls, and some 120,000 trees. With the new sewer lines in
place, the rivers Khan and Saraswati, once reduced to open sewers, now
carry water again. This all occurred within seven years in a city that had
no effective sewer system to begin with.
The slum networking approach could similarly solve the drainage

problem of BDPA on the one hand while upgrading the physical living
conditions of the slum dwellers on the other.
Concept
Integrated up gradation of the entire BDA area using the slums as an

urban net.
The Approach
i. Sensitive and intense participation of the public.
ii. Maintenance of the systems by the communities themselves.
132
Housing and Slums 7
Slums
iii. Partnership agreements between the community organizations

and the municipal corporations.
Methods
i. Sensitive treatment of the low lying areas around which the

slums cluster.
ii. Coordination of roads, storm drainage and sewerage to natural

gradient.
iii. Improvement of the micro environment of the settlements by

plantation.
Impact
i. High quality environmental and sanitation improvement.
ii. Improvement of health, education and income generation.
7.6.3.4 VAMBAY
Projects Features
i. Initiated in 2001-02, on a 50:50 basis with Center and States.
ii. Preference to women headed households.
iii. Govt. subsidy on a 1:1 basis with loan.
iv. 20% of total allocation to National City Sanitation project

("Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan“), an integral sub component.
Objective
i. To achieve 'Housing for All’ by providing or up grading the shelter

of people living in urban slums.
ii. To achieve ‘Slum less Cities’ as visualized by UNCHS.
iii. To provide not just shelter but a healthy and enabling urban
environment.
iv. To synergize shelter delivery, environment improvement and

income up gradation of the urban poor.
v. Provision of a minimum plinth area of 150 Sq ft.
vi. Adoption of cost effective building materials, technologies and

cost-saving construction practices (Concrete blocks masonry,
RCC door and window frames, GFRP shutters and on site
produced building components).
vii. Layout of houses to suit the site conditions (individual, twin or row
houses).
viii. Use of mezzanine floors where the site area is less than the
minimum plinth area.
7 Housing and Slums
Slums
7.6.4 Ongoing Slum Improvement Projects
Basic services for the slum dwellers are being provided by Bhubaneswar
Municipal Corporation by implementation of various developmental and
social security schemes of Govt. of India and State Government as
indicated below:
National Slum Development Programme (NSDP)
Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY)
Swarna Jayanti Sahari Rojgar Yojana (SJSRY)
SHG Formation
Provision of Tube wells
Balika Samrudhi Yojana (BSY)
OAP/ODP
Health Facilities
BPL / Antodaya Arna Yojana
Arnapurna Yojana
All these ongoing schemes are steps in the right direction and will be
pursued in the plan period.
7.6.5 Vision for Development of Slums
The vision is based on the National Slum Policy. It shall strive to achieve
the following:
i. Ensuring all households shall have access to basic minimum

services.
ii. Ensuring continuous supply or recycling of serviced & semi–

serviced land for high density occupation by LIG.
iii. Building capacity of the EWS & LIG and empowering them to
improve their living conditions.
iv. Encouraging participation of communities & civil society in all

areas of planning & development.
v. Neither a mono strategic approach, nor a top-down strategy, for

settlement up gradation, will work.
vi. There can be no absolute choice of strategy and it has to be

situation specific.
vii. Experience from across the globe shows that the people have to
be involved in the entire process of planning, implementing and
maintenance.
134
Housing and Slums 7
Slums
7.6.6 Slum Development Policy for BDPA Region
7.6.6.1 Objectives
i. Integration of slum and their communities into the urban area.
ii. Strengthening of legal and policy framework.
iii. Establishing of a framework for smooth implementation of policy.
7.6.6.2 Governing Principles
i. Up gradation and improvement of slums instead of slum

clearance.
ii. Access to minimum services in all urban informal settlements.
iii. Goal of city without slums.
7.6.6.3 Strategy
i. Inclusive Approach to Definition of Slum/Informal Settlement
In general, all under-serviced settlements, be they unauthorized

occupation of land, congested inner-city built up areas, fringe area
unauthorized developments, villages within urban areas and in the
periphery, irrespective of tenure or ownership or land use shall be
covered under the definition of a slum/informal settlement.
ii. Comprehensive Listing of Slums/Informal Settlements
For the purpose of providing basic urban services, all under-serviced

settlements characterized by poor physical and socio-economic
conditions, should be identified and demarcated from regular planned
neighbourhoods. These settlements should be listed by the urban local
body.
iii. Registration of Slum Dwellers
All people residing in such listed settlements should then be registered

with the ULB in order to prevent ineligible beneficiaries being included in
development programmes.
iv. Identity Card
A suitable identity card shall be issued to all households in listed slums.

The identity card may contain a few details such as household name,
address, details of family members etc.
v. De-listing
The urban local bodies should de-list those settlements which have been
provided with a sustainable level of basic services and where socio-
economic indicators have reached defined acceptable norms.
7 Housing and Slums
Slums
vi. Classification of Land Status / Tenability
The land status of all listed slums/informal settlements should be

classified by the ULB as either Tenable or Untenable in order to
determine whether or not regular planned service provision will be
undertaken on an in-situ or re-settlement basis.
vii. Granting of tenure
a) Tenure on Government Owned Land:
Tenure shall be granted to all residents on tenable sites owned or

acquired by government. Full property rights shall be granted on
resettlement and/or rehabilitation sites.
b) Tenure on Privately owned lands
• Land Acquisition: All Tenable settlements on private land should

be acquired unless the ULB decides to pass a resolution
otherwise.
• Negotiated Compensation: The acquisition of land from private

parties should be undertaken on a negotiated basis. All the
stakeholders (residents, urban local bodies, public agencies,
others) may be invited to participate in the negotiation to promote
transparency and equity.
viii. Resettlement and rehabilitation
Draw up comprehensive resettlement and relocation guidelines for urban

dwellers and all relocation or resettlement of dwellers residing in
untenable sites shall be implemented strictly in accordance with such
guidelines which should ensure that:
a) Alternatives to resettlement should be fully explored before any

decision is taken to move people.
b) Relocation distances should be minimised to reduce the impact

on livelihoods.
c) Resident dwellers must be provided with some choice of

alternative sites and where feasible, an alternative rehabilitation
package.
d) All resettlement sites should be adequately serviced and

provision should be made for public transportation prior to
settlement.
e) The livelihoods of affected people must be sufficiently

compensated within a fixed period.
f) Participation of primary stakeholders, particularly women, in

planning and decision making is a pre-requisite for any
resettlement process.
136
Housing and Slums 7
Slums
g) Women’s particular needs and constraints must be specifically

addressed.
h) Any urban development project that leads to the involuntary

resettlement of communities must make provision to cover the
costs of R & R.
i) All stages of the resettlement process including the transition

and follow-up periods should be closely monitored and
supervised by the ULB with community representatives. (Also
see section 16 on monitoring and evaluation)
ix. Environmental improvement
The Provision of physical infrastructure components such as water

supply, drainage, sanitation, improved access, electricity etc, should
support the ultimate objective of improved quality of life. The evidence
from existing slum improvement projects clearly shows that an improved
physical environment greatly facilitates the integration of the settlement in
the wider urban area and at the same time, contributes to improved
livelihoods and health and well being of the community.
x. Improving access to social services
It will be desirable to bring Municipal Services under the Consumer

Protection Act to monitor quality and reliability of basic infrastructure
services delivered at settlement level. This should be uniformly applied
irrespective of tenure and land status of the settlement, with a specific
mandate to monitor absolute levels of service coverage and differential
levels of service availability throughout the ULB area.
xi. Economic empowerment
Economic Support/Enterprise Development
There is a need for ULBs to support interventions designed to address

livelihood needs of the urban poor. This will include:
i. the provision of vocational training facilities
ii. implementation of savings and credit schemes for self-

employment
iii. addressing constraints in the labour market
iv. providing improved access to raw materials and marketing

support
v. legal rights and redressal systems
It would be desirable for the ULB to involve the private sector in such
initiatives wherever possible.
7 Housing and Slums
Housing Policies & Programmes
7.7 Housing Policies and Programmes
7.7.1 Strategy
i. Increase housing availability and affordability.
ii. Increase land under gross residential area from the existing
12.40% to about 40%.
iii. Create 13,000 EWS houses to rehabilitate about 50% of existing

slum dwellers.
iv. Move to market-based auctions to choose the developer:
v. Build about 70,000 additional low-income housing units by

creating “Special Housing Zones” (SHZs) through targeted
incentives.
vi. Create islands of excellence through integrated development.
vii. Upgrade other infrastructure at community, neighbourhood and

city level
viii. Re-densify the identified intensive development zones.
ix. Development of new housing colonies and new townships in the

norms and increased FAR provision.
x. Augmentation of the existing housing schemes that are indicating

slow growth.
7.7.2 Housing/Rental policy
The government recently hiked the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), leading
to the increase in the cost of the house. The rising construction cost and
land prices will ultimately be passed on to the end user.
The builders' bid for the land to match the reserve price of the land is
decided by the development authority. If the land is expensive, it will have
a cascading effect on the price of the houses as well.
The government must therefore provide builders land at a reasonable

price. Some proposed measures are:
i. Increasing the Floor Space Index (FSI).
ii. Announcing more incentives for consumers and suppliers.
iii. Giving loans to consumer on lower interest rate, real estate

mutual funds could be introduced.
138
Housing and Slums 7
If NHB gets money from the market at a cheaper rate, it will be able to
lend further on lower rates. Home loans to the tune of Rs 30 lakh or less
can be made available to the customers on lower interest rates, and
loans of higher amount on commercial rate of interest.
The National Housing Bank will introduce ‘reverse mortgage’ for senior
citizens under which the house owner can avail of a monthly stream of
income while remaining owner and occupying the house.
7.7.3 FDI in Townships
To boost Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in townships, housing built-up

infrastructure and construction of development projects, the Government
has reduced the minimum area to be developed from 100 acres to 25
acres (approx.) or built up space of 50,000 sq. meters and with a
minimum capitalization of $10 million for wholly owned subsidiaries or $5
million in the case of a Joint Venture with Indian partners.
7.7.4 Concept of SRZ and SRC

The Confederation of Real Estate Developers in India (CREDAI) has
recommended the concept of Special Residential Zones (SRZ), to the
Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. This is similar to
the concept of Special Economic Zones (SEZ). It urges the government
to define affordable housing for the EWS and LIG as one in the 300 sq ft
to 700 sq ft range and allow construction of only affordable housing in an
SRZ.
In another proposal, the National Real Estate Developers Consortium

(NAREDCO) has proposed that land for affordable housing should be
made available by the government at controlled prices. They have
proposed the concept of Special Residential Corridors (SRC) which
should be located next to SEZs to benefit from the available
infrastructure.
According to some reports, most home buyers look at the range between
15-25 lakh for buying a home. With soaring land prices, it is getting
increasingly difficult to keep the house price in that range. Real estate
developers feel that it is not possible to provide low-cost housing with
surging land prices. They state that for consumers to benefit, the
government has to provide builders land at a reasonable price; otherwise
it is not possible to provide houses at affordable prices.
7.7.5 Concept of Personal Floors
The BPTP one of the major real estate players in India today has
introduced the concept of personal floors in their 1350 Acre Township
7 Housing and Slums
project Parklands in Faridabad near Delhi. This is a low-rise project and it

offers freehold floors in ground plus three floors apartments. The price of
these floors starts at Rs 19.85 lakh onwards. These floors can be
registered as freehold properties. The project offers options of 2- and 3-
bedroom floors with an area of 1,170 sq ft and 1,414 sq ft.
7.7.6 Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
The low income housing tax credit programme (LIHTC), according to the
US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2003, is a
massive rental housing programme designed to provide a mixed income
development. The programme stipulates builders to construct a specified
number of affordable homes for low income groups as part of an inclusive
approach. This would entitle the builder to tax credits. The LIHTC
provides funding for the development costs of low-income housing by
allowing a tax payer to take a tax credit equal to a large percentage of the
cost incurred for development of the low-income units in a rental housing
project. To take advantage of the LIHTC, a developer will typically
propose a project to a state agency, seek and win a competitive
allocation of tax credits, complete the project, certify its cost, and rent-up
the project to low income tenants.
7.7.7 Housing Choice Voucher
This programme is an effort to assist LIG and EWS as well as elderly

families in the US, find a decent housing for them in the private housing
market. The participant is free to choose any housing that meets the
requirements of the program and is not limited to units located in
subsidized housing projects.
Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) programme aims at fostering mobility

among low income groups. Under the HCV programme, a rental housing
unit is considered to be affordable when it charges rent at or below the
fair market rent for the concerned urban area and it has to meet minimum
standards of safety and health. In the US according to studies, there
already exits over 16 million such affordable rental units. Housing choice
vouchers are administered locally by public housing agencies (PHAs),
which receive funds from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) to administer the voucher program. A family that is
issued a housing voucher is responsible for finding a suitable housing
unit of the family's choice where the owner agrees to rent under the
program. This unit may even include the family's present residence. A
housing subsidy is paid to the landlord directly by the PHA on behalf of
the participating family. The family then pays the difference between the
actual rent charged by the landlord and the amount subsidized by the
program.
140
Housing and Slums 7
Norms and Bye laws
7.8 Norms and Bye laws
For achieving world class standards a set of bye-laws have been

proposed in accordance to the Building Regulation of BDA (2008).
“EWS House” means a house or dwelling unit intended for

economically weaker sections with maximum built up area of 32 sq. m.
“EWS Plot” means a residential plot intended for economically weaker

sections having maximum plot area of 48 sq.mt.
“Group Housing” means premises comprising of more than one

building, each building having four or more dwelling units.
“Habitable room” means a room having area of not less than 9.0 sq. m.,
width 2.4m. (min.), height 2.75m. (min.) occupied or designed for
occupancy by one or more persons for study, living, sleeping, eating,
cooking if it is used as a living room, but does not include bathrooms,
water closet compartments, laundries, serving and storage pantries,
corridors, cellars, attics and spaces that are not used frequently or during
extended periods;
“Katra/ Chawl” means a building so constructed as to be suitable for

living in separate tenements each consisting a single room, or of two, but
not more than two rooms and with common sanitary arrangements.
“LIG House” means a house or dwelling unit intended for low income
groups with a built up area of maximum 48 sq.mt.
“LIG Plot” means a residential plot intended for low income groups with
a plot area of maximum 60 sq.mt.
“Multi - Storey or High Rise Building” means a building whose height

is 15 meters or more, measured from the average level of the centre line
of the street on which the site abuts.
“Row Housing” means a row of contiguous houses with only front, rear
and interior open spaces.
“Semi-Detached Building” means building detached on three sides

(front, rear and side) with open spaces as specified under the
Regulations.
Residential buildings may be permitted in the open space use zone if the
following conditions are satisfied along with other conditions of these
Regulations:
i. the land is a stitiban land and is not a leasehold land;
ii. the coverage is not more than 40%;
iii. the height is not more than 7.0 (seven) meters; and at least 20
percent of land is used for plantation;
7 Housing and Slums
Norms and Bye laws
Mixed land use may be permitted in a particular zone on the

recommendation of DP and BP committee. However, the main use shall
cover not less than 2/3rd of the total floor area and the ancillary use shall
not exceed 1/3rd of the total area.
Refer to Annexure for the permissible/prohibited land uses in

different use zones.
7.8.1 Minimum setbacks & Height for non-high rise buildings
The minimum setbacks and height of buildings permissible in a given

size/plot for residential and commercial building in non high rising
category shall be as follows:
Table-7.22: Plot size wise permissible set backs and

height of buildings
Front setback (in Mts) Minimum setbacks other

Maximum height of Abutting road width sides(in Mts)
Plot size (in
building permissible 9 Mts and 12 Mts and 18 Mts and
Sq. Mts) Less Above 30
(in Mts) below 12 less than less than Rear side Other side
than 9 Mts Mts.
Mts 18 Mts 30 Mts.
1 2 3(a) 3(b) 3(c) 3(d) 3(e) 4 5
Less than
7 1.0 --
100
100 & up to
10 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.5 1.5 1.5
200
Above 200 &
10 2.0 1.5
up to 300
Above 300 &
12 2.5 1.5
up to 400
1.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.5
Above 400 &
12 3 3
up to 500
Above 500 &
12 4 4
up to 750 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.5 6.0
Above 750 15 5 5
In case of group housing, the minimum distance between two buildings

will not be less than 1/3rd of the height of the taller building. However the
minimum width of the internal road shall be 6 m.
7.8.2 Minimum setbacks for high rise buildings

For high-rise/ multi-storied buildings, the open spaces around the building
shall be as given in the table below:
Table-7.23: Provision of Exterior open

spaces around the buildings
Road width in m. FAR for FAR for Commercial

individual /IT/ITES/
Residential building. Corporate buildings
Up to 6 1.00 ---
6 or more & less than 9 1.50 ---
12 or more & less than15 2.00 2.00
15 or more & less than 2.00 2.25
18
18 or more & less than30 2.25 2.50
30 & above 2.25 2.75
142
Housing and Slums 7
Norms and Bye laws
Note:
i. On sides where no habitable rooms face, a minimum space of
9.0 m. shall be left for heights above 27.0 m.
ii. In case of multi storied buildings the exterior open space around
a building shall be of hard surface capable of taking load of fire
engine weighting up to 45 tonnes.
7.8.3 Floor Area Ratio

The floor area ratio (FAR) for residential, commercial, corporate, IT/ITES
buildings shall be decided on the basis of the road width on which the
plot/site abuts.
Table-7.24: FAR as per Road Width
Exterior open spaces to be left

Sl. Height of the Building out on all sides in m.
No. Up to (m.) (front rear and sides in each
plot)
1 15 5
2 18 6
3 21 7
4 24 8
5 27 9
6 30 10
7 35 11
8 40 12
9 45 13
10 50 14
11 55 and above 16
In case of apartment and group housing the maximum permissible FAR

shall be 2.00. However additional FAR up to 0.25 shall be allowed for
dwelling units meant exclusively for LIG/EWS.
In case of Institutional and Assembly building the maximum permissible

FAR shall be 1.50 for plots up to 1000 sq. m. and 1.75 for plots above
1000 sq. m.
In case of transport related activities such as; railway yards, railway

station, bus stands, bus shelters, transport depot, air port, special ware
housing, cargo terminals etc. the maximum permissible FAR shall be
1.00.
In case of Industrial building the maximum FAR shall be 1.00.
In case a part of the plot is acquired / donated for public purpose like
road, drain, etc., the Authority may allow additional FAR up to 0.25 in
7 Housing and Slums
Norms and Bye laws
the form of TDR (Transferable Development Right) as per the modality

approved by the Authority.
The Authority may allow premium FAR up to 0.25 on IT/ITES buildings on

payment of fees to be decided by the Authority from time to time, on
roads of width 30 mt. and above. The Authority may refund the fee
proportionate to 0.10 premium FAR in case of platinum/ gold certified
green buildings.
The benefit of unutilized FAR in respect of Apartment Buildings/ Group

Housing shall be made available to the society and not to the Builder/
Developer.
Exclusive multistory parking blocks can be provided within the required

setback area without reducing the driveway for the fire tender to the
extent of minimum 6 meters. This will not be included in the calculation of
coverage and FAR.
FAR shall not include:
i. Basements or cellars and space under a building constructed on

stilts and used as a parking space, and air conditioning plant
room used as accessory to the principal use;
ii. Electric cabin or substation, watchman booth of maximum size of

3sq.mt. with minimum width or diameter of 1.732 m., pump
house, garbage shaft, space required for location of fire hydrants,
electric fittings and water tank, society room of maximum 12
sq.mt.
iii. Projections and accessories buildings as specifically exempted

from the open space/setback requirement.
iv. Staircase room and lift rooms above the topmost storey,
architectural features, and chimneys and elevated tanks of
dimensions as permissible under the NBC; the area of the lift
shaft shall be taken only on one floor.
7.8.4 Height of Building
The height of the building shall be governed by the limitations of Floor

Area Ratio, open space (setbacks), and the width of the street facing the
plot described as detailed below:
i. The maximum height of a building shall in no case exceed 1.5

times X the width of the road on which the plot abuts + the front
setback. However, higher height on account of premium FAR
may be permitted with the approval of the Government.
144
Housing and Slums 7
Norms and Bye laws
ii. If a building abuts on two or more streets of different widths, the

building shall be deemed to face upon the street that has the
greater width and the height of the building shall be regulated by
the width of the street.
Notwithstanding anything contained in Sub-Regulation (1) the height

restrictions with respect to approach Funnels and Transitional area of
Airport as detailed in Table -7.25 shall be adhered to.
Table-7.25: Height Restriction with respect

to Approach Funnels
Maximum Permissible height above the

Distance from nearest
elevation of the nearest runway end (in
runway end (in metres)
metres)
Up to 360 0
361 to 510 6
511 to 660 9
661 to 810 12
811 to 960 15
961 to 1110 18
1111 to 1260 21
1261 to 1410 24
1111 to 1260 21
1261 to 1410 24
7.8.5 Parking Space
At least 20% of the parking in group housing, apartment buildings shall

be earmarked for visitors. The Visitors parking facility shall be open to all
visitors.
Every building except a residential building having less than four dwelling
units will have parking space earmarked for ambulance, fire tender and
physically challenged persons.
In respect of Apartment Complexes/Building/Block, in sites up to 750 sq

m the parking requirement shall be deemed to be met if the entire stilt
floor is left for parking. A WC/Toilet facility shall be provided for watch
and ward in the stilt floor.
Apart from use of Basement for Services/Parking/ Storage, it may be

used for other activities like library, Study Room, Games Room and
Laundry only in case of Residential and Institutional Buildings.
7.8.6 Provision of Lift
Lift shall be provided for buildings above 10 m. height in case of

apartments, group housing, commercial, institutional and office buildings.
Lift shall be provided at the rate of one lift for twenty dwelling units, or
part thereof for residential buildings and at the rate of one lift per one
thousand Sq.mt. or part thereof of built-up area for non-residential
7 Housing and Slums
Integrated Township
buildings. The tenement and built-up area on ground floor and two upper
floors shall be excluded in computing the above requirement.
Notwithstanding anything contained in these Regulations in case of

building with 21 m. or more in height, at least two lifts shall be provided.
7.9 Integrated Township
7.9.1 Large Projects
“Integrated Township” is gaining increasing acceptance recent times. To

give impetus to economic growth and to enhance the vibrancy and
dynamism of urban activities in Bhubaneswar, Integrated Townships with
minimum 10 Ha of land having access from minimum 30 m. R/W road
shall be allowed. The road shall have adequate provision for cycle track,
footpath, covered drain, plantation, and street light and underground
utilities.
The integrated Township shall be permitted in Residential / Institutional

zones.
Permissible land use within the town ship (%):
i. Residential : 45-50
ii. Industrial (Non Polluting) & Commercial : 10-13
iii. Institutional : 6- 8
iv. Recreational : 12-14
(Ref: Planning and Building Standards Regulations, 2008)
Other Regulations for approval of Integrated Township:
A. 10% of the total area shall be reserved for parks and

open space. It shall be developed and maintained by the
developer to the satisfaction of the Authority.
B. 5% of the site area shall be reserved for public and semi-

public use and shall be handed over to the Authority free
of cost and the same shall be allotted by the Authority for
development either to the developer or others on lease
basis.
C. The FAR shall be calculated on the total area.
D. Road shown in Comprehensive Development Plan shall

be incorporated within the plan and shall be handed over
to the Local Authority free of cost after development.
E. The FAR and coverage shall be 2.50 and 40%

respectively.
146
Housing and Slums 7
Multi-storied Buildings & Group
Housing Schemes/Apartments
F. At least 15% of the housing units developed will be
earmarked for EWS/LIG category.
G. The minimum width of internal road shall be 18 mt.
7.10 Multi-Storied Buildings and Group Housing

Construction of multi-storied building shall not be permitted in villages

namely Bhubaneswar, Kapileswar, Rajarani and Dhauli in Bhubaneswar
and Mukunda Prasad & Gada Khurda in Khurda
No multi-storied building shall be allowed to be constructed:
i. With approach road less than 18 m. width;
ii. On plot the size less than 2000 sq. m.
iii. Within 100 meters from the centre of the National Highway on
either side.

The aim is to provide serviced land with essential infrastructural facilities
like, road, water supply, drainage-sanitation, and electricity. It however
does not include any social infrastructure. The principle of cross
subsidization will be applied for pricing of land to bring it within the
affordable limits of the EWS and LIG. However, the cost of development
depends upon the level of infrastructure provided. Thus the housing
development cost assumed, as per current market prices is subject to
change. The development costs in different planning zones are indicated
below:
7.11.1 Intensive Development Zone:
Acquisition Cost = Rs. 90 lakhs/acre
Land Development Cost = Rs. 10 lakhs/acre
Total Cost of Development = Rs. 100 lakhs/acre (Rs. 2.5 cr/ha)
7.11.2 Extensive Development Zone:
Land Acquisition Cost = Rs. 60 lakhs/acre
Land Development Cost = Rs. 10 lakhs/acre
Total Cost of Development = Rs. 70 lakhs/acre (1.75 cr/ha)
7 Housing and Slums
Cost of Development
The land requirement in different development scenarios and their

corresponding development costs based on the above assumptions, for
four different scenarios is indicated in Table-7.26.
Table-7.26: Cost of Development
Cost of
Planning Total DU Housing Area
Name of the Planning unit Type Development
Unit No. Requirement in Acre
(in Crore)
13 Chandrasekharpur Extensive 66108 1322 925.4

15 East Kuakhai Extensive 45414 757 529.9
20 Aigania Extensive 54598 1365 955.5
21 Tamando Extensive 105017 2100 1470
22 Gangapada Extensive 21769 435 304.5
Bhubaneswar-New Town Intensive 33445 669 669

17
23 Khurda Intensive 24857 621 621
25 Jatani Intensive 19372 484 484
Grand Total 431915 9286 7492.3
7.12 Conclusion
To fulfill the housing demand of 2030 , i.e. additional 4.32 lakh dwelling
units, various approaches such as redensification of the Bhubaneswar
New town ( Zone 17), introduction of SRZ’s, SHZ’s and special
residential corridors in the intensive and extensive development areas
respectively have been proposed as an effective tool to tackle the
problem of housing shortage. To achieve the vision of slum less cities
various slum development approaches have also been mentioned above
such as, slum networking, slum rehabilitation, slum redevelopment as per
the site conditions. Also it has been specifically mentioned that
infrastructure development under private or PPP mode should give due
consideration to the requirements of the service population. Satellite
cities, housing development schemes particularly in the peripheral areas
should follow transit –oriented development with well defined concepts of
planned neighbourhoods to amalgamate with the original Koeinsburger’s
plan. It is then only that the vision of an ideal city with healthy, convenient
living can be achieved with minimum scope for modern day urbanization
intricacies.
148
Physical Infrastructure 8
Water Supply
8.1 Water Supply
8.1.1 Water Supply Scenario of BMC
The present drinking water sources of Bhubaneswar Municipal area

includes surface sources (rivers) and ground water sources. The
important rivers of the area are Mahanadi, Daya and Kuakhai. These
rivers supply around 80% of the total daily demand of potable water,
while the balance is obtained from groundwater sources through
production wells and tube wells. The present population of BMC is
estimated at 10.8 lakhs in 2008. It was informed that around 4.5 lakh
people depend on the water supply system provided by Public Health
Engineering Department (PHED). The present water demand is 216
MLD, considering a rate of water supply of 200lpcd, whereas the present
water supply is reported as 180 MLD, anticipating 15% losses. The
present, installed distribution system covers 17 of the total 47 wards in
the BMC area to a complete extent. About 26 wards are covered partially
and 4 wards do not have piped water supply. In total, as per BMC
estimates, only 36% of the households are presently using water
connections. For common water use, 212 public stand posts are provided
in Bhubaneswar city. Many authorized and unauthorized slums exist in
the area, which are fed from hand pump tube wells or stand posts
provided by BMC.
8.1.1.1 Surface sources
The rivers Daya and Kuakhai run along the eastern and south eastern
boundary limits of the city, providing for low-cost raw water transmission.
Since these rivers are not perennial, during summer the discharge will be
low, necessitating supplementation from Mahanadi or other groundwater
19. 62%
sources. The Kuakhai River with head works at Kuakhai and Daya River
48. 4
with head works at Lingipur provides 22 MGD and 4.5 MGD respectively,
which is higher than their average expected design discharges of 18 and
. 02% 9. 91%
3 MGD. Clearly, the treatment facilities of these two rivers are
K uak hai R iv er (22 M G D )
overloaded, necessitating imminent rehabilitation and augmentation of
D aya R iv er (4.5 M G D )
M ahanadi R iv er (10 M G D )
the existing treatment and clear water transmission infrastructure at the
G ro und wat er (8.88 M G D ) source points. It is true that surface water is available to a large extent
with Mahanadi (being a perennial river) but, it is highly expensive as its
Fig-8.1: Source of Water
Supply in Bhubaneswar 2006 location is around 30 km north of the city. So, the water treatment and
transmission systems presently installed for tapping the Mahanadi source
are reportedly underutilized (approximately 33% of the designated
capacity), indicating water availability over a short period. So, the
Mahanadi River with head works at Mundali is supplying only 10 MGD as
8 Physical Infrastructure
Water Supply
against the normal designed capacity of 25 MGD. The sources of water

supply and their relative contributions are shown in Fig-8.1.
8.1.1.2 Ground water
It is reported that around 40% of the population are using ground water
with the average ground water level reported between 18-24 m in the
production wells. But, many of these tube wells are thought of suffering
from excess iron concentration and low pH in ground water. In total,
around 1850 tube wells and 104 production wells are available in the
area. The tentative contribution from ground water is estimated to be 40
MLD. Though the general drinking water quality of ground water is
compliant with potable water quality standards, the reported presence of
contaminants like iron and coliforms are also increasing. Ground water
quality of the BMC area was examined from the samples taken from 10
tube wells situated within the city area. The quality in general satisfies the
requirement of the water quality standard stipulated in IS – 10500/1991.
The only two parameters which exceed the standard are Iron (0.08-6.5
mg/l) and Fecal coliform (as high as 6 MPN/100ml).
8.1.1.3 Water demand and supply
As per the latest information from BMC, the present supply of water from
all surface sources is around 36.5 MGD (~ 165 MLD). Since the
population of Bhubaneswar in 2008 is estimated to be 10, 80,000; the
actual water supply rate comes to around 152 lpcd from surface sources
alone. Considering a ground water contribution of 40 MLD, the total water
supply will be 45.38 MGD (~ 205 MLD) and the per capita water
availability will be 190 lpcd. For cities like Bhubaneswar, the ‘Manual on
Water Supply and Treatment’ published by the Central Public Health and
Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) recommends a
water supply of 150 lpcd. Allowing for a loss of 15%, this may be rounded
off to 173 lpcd. The total water demand of the Bhubaneswar Municipal
Area considering the rate of water supply of 200 lpcd will be around 216
MLD (~ 47 MGD)
8.1.1.4 Raw water treatment and distribution
The Public Health Engineering Organization (Urban) operates and

maintains the existing system of water supply and distribution in
Bhubaneswar. Raw water is obtained from the aforementioned surface
water sources through respective intake systems (intake channels and
pipelines) and pumped to the inlet chamber of the localized water
treatment plants at Mundali (Mahanadi), Palasuni (Kuakhai) and
Water Supply
Bhuasuni (Daya). The details of the sources and capacity of existing

water treatment system are shown in Table-8.1 and the details of the
present distribution mains in Table-8.2 Conventional treatment
comprising of flocculation, chlorination, flash mixing, clarification, rapid
sand filtration and disinfection in accordance with applicable potable
water quality standards is adopted at the treatment plants. Surface water
from the Mundali treatment plant (Mahanadi), after requisite disinfection,
is conveyed through a clear water transmission main to the Master
Balancing Reservoir (MBR) at Ghatikia. Treated water from the Bhuasuni
(Daya) and Palasuni (Kuakhai) water treatment plants is conveyed to
elevated/ground level service reservoirs in the existing distribution
network. The storage network of the existing water supply system
comprises ground level service reservoirs (87 nos.) with a total storage
capacity of 32.00 ML and elevated service reservoirs (46 nos.) with a
total storage capacity of 8.40 ML. As per the nominal requirement for
continuous supply system as specified by the CPEHHEO guidelines, the
total storage capacity should equal ~ 33% of the total water demand. It
can be estimated that the present storage capacity is insufficient to meet
the water demand at present. The present distribution network
comprising distribution mains and lateral supply lines extends for a total
length of 911 km, covering about 55% of the total road length (~1600
km). Cast iron and PVC pipes are utilized extensively in the pipelines.
8.1.1.5 Supply coverage
Though the per capita supply of water (190 lpcd) exceeds that of the
standards stipulated (173 lpcd including losses), the present system of
supply covers only 17 of the total 47 wards in the city and feeds only a
maximum of 42% of the population. About 26 wards are covered partially
and 4 wards do not have piped water supply. About 60% of the
population still depends on ground water sources for drinking water. The
details of the system coverage with actual per capita consumption are
shown in Table-8.3. Since surface water sources are abundant, and the
ground water table is receding, it is high time to control the use of ground
water. It is natural to expect that the low percentage coverage of water
supply may increase the O&M cost recovery rates of the existing water
supply system.
8.1.1.6 Performance evaluation
The performance of the service levels of the existing water supply system
parameters against the standard requirements prescribed by CPHEEO
guidelines is given in Table-8.4.
Water Supply
Table-8.1: Details of the sources and capacity of the

existing water treatment system
Source of water Units employed Capacity in MGD
Daya Source: Raw water collection,

Clariflocculator, Sedimentation
1. Bhuasuni tank, Rapid sand filter,
Treatment plant 4.5
Chemical dozing units, Pumping
arrangements, over head tanks
Kuakhai Source: Flash mixer, Settling tanks,

Rapid sand filter, Chemical
1. High level Tank dosing arrangements, clear
1.50
treatment plant water sumps (70,000 G
capacity), Pumping
arrangements, Compressor for
back wash, Overhead tanks
(1.2 lakh G capacity)
2. Palasuni Aeration, Coagulation,

Treatment Plant Flocculation, Clarification, rapid
22
Gravity Filter, Disinfection
through gas chlorination
Mahanadi Source: Intake well, Pumping station,

Cascade aerators, Parshall
1.Mundali treatment flume, Chemical house, flash
plant mixure, Clariflocculators, Filters
and Filter house, Wash water 25
tanks, Clear water reservoirs,
Clear water pump house etc.
Table-8.2: Details of the distribution mains and

destinations of the existing water treatment system
Sl. Diameter (mm) Destination

No
C.I. raw water rising main from Daya River to Bhuasuni-
1 300
2 nos
2 900 M.S. Line from Palasuni to Acharya Vihar
3 500 C.I. Line from Ekamra Talkies to H.L.Tank
4 800 C.I. from Master Valve Chamber to Rasulgarh Industries
5 600/500 Acharya Vihar to H.L.Tank
6 350 C.I.Raw water Kuakhai to H.L.Tank
7 350 Rasulgarh to Kalpana along Cuttack road
8 1200 MS/PSC raw water rising main from Mundali to Ghatikia

PSC Clear water distribution main from Ghatikia to
9 1000/900/700
C.S.Pur
10 450 C.I. pipe from CRP to HL Tank
11 600 C.I. pipe from CRP square to Jaydev vihar
Water Supply
Table-8.3: A description of the water supply distribution system

in Bhubaneswar Municipal area with per capita water availability
Sl Description of components Quantitative value

No.
Surface water source

99,000 m3/d
1. River Kuakhai
1 20,250 m3/d
2. River Daya
45,000 m3/d
3. River Mahanadi
164,250 m3/d
2 Total water availability from Rivers
Ground water sources

3 40,000 m3/d
Tube Well (production well) 127 nos
4 Total water supply available ~ 250,000 m3/d
5 Present population (as on 2008) 10,80,000
6 Population covered by water supply system ~ 42%
Reservoirs
87 nos (cap.31,900 m3)
7 Under ground Reservoir
46 nos. (cap 8,400 m3)
Elevated Reservoir
8 Number of India Mark II Hand Pumps 933
9 Transmission main 120 KM
10 Distribution Network 911 KM
Nos. of service connection 52300
11
Metered Connection 631 (1.2%)
12 Nos. of stand post 212
13 Per capita water supply availability 250 lpcd
Note: As per norms of Government of India, water is to be provided at 150 l/c/d

and extra 15% as unaccounted water other than industrial, commercial and
institutional supply.
Table-8.4: Performance evaluation of water supply system in

Bhubaneswar as on 2008
Sl. Parameter / Service Level Guideline values Remarks

No Component
1 Present rate of 150 lpcd+losses
190 lpcd Adequate
Water Supply ~173 lpcd
2 Treatment Capacity 80% surface
100 % Adequate
of existing system water utilized
3 Storage (based on ~ 18 % of Low.
ultimate stage daily water 33 % Requires
water demand) demand augmentation
4 Distribution System
Coverage (% 42% 100 % Low
popln)
8.1.1.7 Summary of the Present Scenario
1. The Rivers, Mahanadi, Daya and Kuakhai supply around 80% of

the total daily demand of potable water
Water Supply
2. At present, Bhubaneswar is reported to be ‘over-fed’ by water

supply considering the rate of water supply of 150 lpcd.
3. Though the per capita supply of water exceeds that of the

standards stipulated, the present system of supply covers only
17 of the total 47 wards in the city and feeds only a maximum of
42% populations. In total, as per BMC estimates only 36% of
households are presently using water connections
4. It is reported that around 40% of the population are using ground

water
5. The presences of contaminants like iron and coliforms in ground

water are reported increasing.
6. The present system appears unsustainable, as the per capita

cost of capital expenditure and the O&M expenditure, are unable
to balance the revenue generated out of water supply.
8.1.1.8 Water scenario in Khurda (M), Jatani (M), and BDPA rural
areas
The public water supply through pipe lines is totally absent and people
are forced to depend more on ground water sources in the rural
Bhubaneswar Development Plan Areas. Considerable percentages of
people are depending on their own arrangements of open dug wells or
community tube wells, where the quality of water is not at all properly
monitored.
The existing water supply availability in Khurda and Jatani, Municipalities

are shown in Fig-8.2 and 8.3. It is clear that people are interested in
using their own facilities wherever available. No systematic and
consistent water quality data was made available about the quality of
water in these systems of supply. A comparative evaluation on the
proximity to the drinking water sources is shown in Table-8.5. The
statistics available clearly shows that the proximity to safe drinking water
sources is steadily decreasing towards rural areas, suggesting the need
for providing more ‘closer accesses’.
Water Supply
Table-8.5: The distance of water sources (%) from individual

households- a comparative evaluation
BDPA
BMC Khurda (M) Jatani (M)
Rural
Inside house 89.60 67.26 84.55 85.43
< 100m 5.36 23.61 15.45 13.91
100-500m 4.7 9.13 0.00 0.66
>500m 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00
Source: Socio Economic Survey Report, IIT Kharagpur, 2006
0.91 2.73
0.91
7.27
28.18
7.27
0.91
47.27
4.55
Own Tap Community Tap Own Tube Well

Community Tube Well Own Well Community well
Tank Own Tap and well Own Tap & Tube well
Fig-8.2: The percentage dependence of people on various types

of water sources in Khurda Municipality.
4.64 1.32
0.66
5.30
27.81
13.91
39.07
2.65
4.64
Own Tap Community Tap Own Tube Well
Community Tube Well Own Well Community well
Tank Own Tap and well Own Tap & Tube well
Fig-8.3: The percentage dependence of people on various types

of water sources in Jatani Municipality.
Water Supply
The Rivers Daya and Mahanadi serve as surface water sources for the
Khurda area. Ground water is also available at around 16 m below GL.
The presence of iron is reported in tube well waters along with low pH.
Around 187 tube wells with an average yield of 15 l/min are available with
around 20 numbers in slum areas. A conventional treatment plant of 4.54
MLD maintained by PHED is available with intake well on the bank of
River Daya feeding around 45,000 people at a supply rate of 70 lpcd.
In Jatani, 5 production wells with a capacity of 4 MLD are available near

the bank of the River Daya, at Kakudia. The average ground water level
is at 15 m. Around 192 numbers of tube wells and 123 stand posts are
available in the area. The quality of ground water in general is good,
though iron content is reported in many tube wells. Most of the people
are depending on the nearby hand pump tube wells and public health
water supply system. The Railways’ water supply system also feed a part
of the population. Around 35,000 people are depending on the PHED
piped water supply system. The total consumption through the system
was estimated as 5.5 MLD.
8.1.2 Proposals
Based on the objectives of full coverage of urban communities with easy

access to potable drinking water in quantities recommended to meet the
domestic and other essential non-domestic purposes are given in Table-
8.6.
Table-8.6: Recommended per capita water supply levels for

designing schemes
Recommended maximum water

Classifications of towns/cities
supply levels (lpcd)
Metropolitan and mega cities provided

with piped water supply where sewerage 150
system existing/contemplated
Figure exclude “unaccounted for water” which should be limited to 15%
The expected status of water use in the 14 Planning Zones as well as in

Administrative areas BMC, BDPA (rural), Jatani (M) and Khurda (M) of
Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area for 2008 and 2030 is given in
Table-8.7 and 8.8.The rate of demand is considered for Bhubaneswar
Development Plan Area as 200 lpcd, due to increasing commercial and
tourist activities.
Water Supply
Table-8.7: Water demand in various zones of Bhubaneswar

Water
Water Area
Zone Population Population Demand
Demand in Requirement
number 2008 2030 in 2030
2008 (MLD) for WTP (ha)
(MLD)
12 6700 20000 1.34 4 0.3
13 478500 700000 95.7 140 10
14 38000 50000 7.6 10 0.7
15 20000 220000 4 44 3
16 48600 180000 9.72 36 2.5
17 392000 450000 78.4 90 6
18 100000 150000 20 30 2
19 9800 20000 1.96 4 0.3
20 70000 300000 14 60 4
21 50700 500000 10.14 100 7
22 18000 110000 3.6 22 1.5
23 59000 150000 11.8 30 2
24 10900 20000 2.18 4 0.3
25 70000 130000 14 26 1.7
Total 1372200 3000000 274.44 600 41.3
Table-8.8: Water demand in BMC, Khurda, Jatani and BDPA

(rural) areas of Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area
Water Water
Population Population
Area Requirement Requirement
2008 2030
in 2008 (MLD) in 2030 (MLD)
BMC 1080000 2000000 216 400
Khurda 59000 150000 11.8 30
Jatani 70000 130000 14 26
BDPA
163000 720000 32.6 144
(Rural)
Total 1372220 3000000 274.44 600
8.1.2.1 Proposals for BMC
It is essential to provide a water treatment plant of minimum 55 MGD

capacity to meet the drinking water demand of Bhubaneswar in 2030.
The options for enhancing the capacity of existing 25 MGD treatment
plant should be considered to meet the future demand. Providing facilities
for an additional 30 MGD treatment plant along with the existing 25 MGD
in Mundali, would be a more appropriate option in reducing the overall
cost. The expected dependence of different water sources of BMC in
2030 is shown in Fig-8.3.The proposed water treatment plant should
contain Cascade aerators, Flash mixers, Clarifloculators, Filter Beds, and
disinfection units. A water supply zoning is essential for the area. The
capacity of the existing service reservoirs should be properly enhanced
Water Supply
for meeting the future water demand, which may necessitate additional
constructions. The existing water treatment plants and water
transmission mains are to be properly augmented to account for the
future water demand in 2030.
Among the surface sources available, River Mahanadi is the only

perennial source for water supply. The water treatment facilities already
available should be suitably augmented to have its full designed capacity
of 25 MGD. Additionally, raw water intake systems can be designed and
installed to have an enhanced water supply of 55 MGD. Suitable
modifications are to be done to enhance the capacity of the intake
channels so as to provide the additional supply of 30 MGD. Collector
wells, infiltration wells, or infiltration galleries can also be provided if
necessary.
The following targets are to be fulfilled to assure a sustainable drinking

water system for Bhubaneswar:
1. Planning, design and implementation of a sustainable water

supply scheme.
2. Covering of the remaining ‘uncovered’ areas to have 100% water

supply distribution coverage.
3. Providing a continuous 24 hr supply system with adequate

pressure in the distribution system even at the tail ends.
4. Suitable modifications or improvements in the present water

supply system.
5. A critical performance evaluation of the system at regular

intervals
10%
Ground water 10% (9 MGD)

24%
Kuakhai River 24% (22 MGD)
Daya River 5% (4.5 MGD)
61% Mahanadi 61% (55 MGD)
5%
Fig. 8.4: Expected dependence on different water supply sources

in 2030 in BMC.
Water Supply
The drinking water demand in Khurda, Jatani, and Rural areas of BDPA
are shown in Fig-8.5. It appears that in the absence of a centralized
water supply system majority of the people have been depending on
ground water sources for long. But the increasing pollution of ground
water sources demands that people should be provided with safe
drinking water, necessitating treatment of water. A part of the future water
demand of the municipalities Khurda and Jatani together with the Rural
BDPA could be met by River Daya. A detailed analysis of the ground
water potential and recharging potential is necessary to ascertain how
best the sub-surface and ground water sources could be extracted. There
is an urgent need of a Master Plan for water supply and its
implementation. The locations of proposed treatment plants for various
zones/area are given in Map-8.1. The tentative cost of proposed water
supply distribution system for BDPA is given in Table-8.9.
450
400
400
350
Water Demand in MLD
300
250 216
200
144
150
100
50 30 26 32.6
11.8 14
0
BMC Khurda Jatni BDA Rural
Areas
2008 2030
Fig-8.5: A comparative evaluation of water demand in 2008 and 2030

in BMC Khurda, Jatani Municipalities and rural areas of BDPA.
8.1.2.3 Action plan for water supply systems in Khurda,

Jatani and rural BDPA
1. Planning and implementation of water distribution systems based

on available sub-surface and ground water sources.
2. Covering the entire BDPA urban and rural areas with a

continuous water supply system assuring 24 hr supply with
adequate pressure in the distribution system even at the tail
ends.
3. For the BDPA rural areas and adjacent municipalities like Jatani
and Khurda, the adoption and implementation of summer storage
tanks (in the vicinity of river Daya), as practiced in draught-prone
areas would be a desirable option.
Sewerage System
4. Public awareness against misuse of water.

5. Adequate reforms so as to balance the O&M cost with the
revenue out of the water supply distribution.
Table-8.9: Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of proposed water

supply distribution systems in 2030 for BDP areas
BDPA
Item BMC Khurda Jatani
Rural
Total capital costs 730 147 32 27
Add the cost towards the

price escalation of 73 14.7 3.2 2.7
materials@10%
Add the cost towards the

price escalation of labour 73 14.7 3.2 2.7
charges@10%
Total Cost (Crores) 876 176.4 38.4 32.4

Annual O&M costs 22 4.5 1.0 1.0
8.2 Sewerage System
8.2.1 Existing Sewerage System in Bhubaneswar

8.2.1.1 Existing Sewerage System of BMC
At present, Bhubaneswar is reported to be partially covered with an

underground sewage collection and conveyance system with glazed
stoneware and reinforced cement concrete pipes. However, only 50% of
the municipal area (covering about 30% of the total population) is
covered with the present sewer facility (Map-8.2). Sewage collected at
the intermediate pumping stations is pumped by primary sewage pumps
to the influent distribution chamber of the sewage treatment plants
(oxidation ponds and aerated lagoons) at different locations for treatment
and disposal. However, about 80% of the existing sewer is inadequate or
damaged and needs replacement or repair. About 20,000 manholes are
provided out of which around 80% is damaged and needs replacement or
repair work. Treated wastewater is discharged through outfalls into the
Gangua Nallah and finally to Daya River. Only part of the generated
sewage flows through closed conduits leading to treatment systems, and
a major quantity flows through the open drains (10 nos.) The drain No.1
opens into the river Kukhai and the remaining 9 open drains (Nos.2-10)
to Gangua Nallah (Map-8.2) which in turn transfer the volume and load to
River Daya. Collected sewage is treated in different treatment units
constructed in different parts of the municipal area. At present, 23
community septic tanks, 10 aerated lagoons and 7 oxidation ponds exist.
Sewerage System
But, out of all the existing treatment plants, only one aerated lagoon at
Laxmisagar is functioning. The details of the existing treatment units are
summarized in Table-8.10. The existing sewerage system has three
sewage pumping stations as shown in the Map-8.2. The details of these
are as shown in Table-8.11. Areas presently not covered by the
sewerage scheme are equipped with septic tank and soak pit systems for
sewage disposal.
In addition to the partial coverage by a sewerage system, a system of

public/community toilets are also provided at different locations and are
reportedly maintained by private groups. Public toilets refer to those
located at public spaces such as railway stations and bus parks, while
community toilets refer to those at slums provided for local people. There
are 30 toilets (19 public and 11 community toilets) in Bhubaneswar. It
was informed that BMC have concluded an agreement for maintenance
of many public toilets with certain social service organizations.
8.2.1.2 Industrial discharge
BDPA also has four Industrial Estates with a total of 112 industries. Of
them 103 are small scale industries. The 11 water polluting industries
generate 86,000 m3/d of wastewater and discharge and are either treated
in their own treatment plant or spread on low lying land without treatment.
However, there is no significant discharge of industrial wastewater in
natural drainage or sewerage system. Since, the sewerage system in
BMC has been designed as separate system comprising of only domestic
wastewater, the industrial discharges are not taken into account in
designing the future wastewater treatment systems.
8.2.1.3 Sewage Schemes

A revised scheme for a population of 5,04,000, with an estimate of 23.62
crore was prepared in 2001 with a provision for 9 intercepting sewers and
2 waste treatment plants proposed at Kapileswar and Mancheswar. Out
of the proposed 9 intercepting sewers, 3 were completed and another 2
have been partially completed. But, no attempts have so far been made
to earmark proper sites for the proposed wastewater treatment plants. It
is also known that another sewerage system was proposed for
Bhubaneswar for a projected 1200 000 population costing 46.97 crores
with 12 intercepting sewers and 3 sewage treatment plants. But, none of
these schemes were reported implemented so far. A performance
evaluation of the existing system is also presented in Table-8.12.
Sewerage System
8.2.1.4 Summary of the existing sewerage system
1. Bhubaneswar does not have any conventional sewage treatment

plants or organized sewerage systems now. The septic tanks
systems and oxidation ponds were found ineffective as all the
wastes flows untreated through the 10 storm water drains. The
present system of sewerage has become obsolete, and too
inadequate to handle the present day demand of wastewater
generation and management. So, the existing sewerage system
needs major augmentation to almost full extent to ensure full
coverage of the population and the wastewater generation.
2. It has been observed that almost all the open drains of the city
are severely polluted by sewage and human excreta, which is
totally unexpected out of a modern agglomeration. This is
provides healthy environment for mosquitoes to breed and may
ultimately pave the way for out break of many fatal diseases as
reported elsewhere in the country.
3. The actual capacity and efficacy of the existing system is to be

revalidated. Even the existing sewage treatment facilities like
oxidation ponds and aerated lagoons, are almost non-functional.
Table-8.10: Details of existing sewage treatment facilities

available in Bhubaneswar
Municipal Area STP Remarks
Only one Aerated

Govt. colonies of 2,3,4,5 & 6 community septic
lagoon of 1000
part of 8, Ashoknagar, tanks,
m3/day is working.
Kharvelnagar. Satyanagar & 1 Aerated Lagoon,
Others are not
BDA colony, Laxmisagar 1 Oxidation pond
functioning
Govt. colony of 1,6,7,
Bapujinagar, BJB Nagar, 6 community septic
Not functioning
Suryanagar, Ganganagar & tanks
Nageswar Tangi area
Govt. colony unit VIII, CRP,
Baramunda housing colony, 8 septic tanks and 3
Not functioning
Jagmara housing colony & Oxidation ponds
Kapilprasad housing colony
3 Aerated lagoons at
Facilities are yet to be
Kalinganagar Part Kalinganagar
commissioned
3 community septic
Chandrasekharpur, Vanivihar, tanks
Jaydev vihar, Nayapalli Not functioning
3 Oxidation ponds
6 Aerated lagoons
Sewerage System
Table-8.11: Existing sewage pumping stations in Bhubaneswar City
Name of Pumping Type of

HP Pumping Hour
Station Pumps
Laxmisagar Centrifugal 10 As per requirement Total -7 Hr/d

Rental colony
Submersible 12.5 As per requirement Total-10 Hr/d
Nayapalli
Saliasahi
Submersible 50 Abandoned not functioning
Nayapalli
Source: OWSSB (as cited in JBIC Interim Report, 2006)
Table-8.12: A Performance evaluation of the existing sewerage

system in Bhubaneswar
No. Parameter Service Level Benchmark Comment /

/Component Remarks
Sewage
1 Collection System 35 percent 85 percent Very low
Coverage
Sewage Oxidation
Treatment Plants Pond – 3 Nos. Activated
Inadequate and
2 & Function Aerated Sludge
conventional
characteristic of lagoon – 3 process
State Capitals Nos.
Revenue / O&M Low
3 33 percent > 95 percent
cost generation Uneconomical
8.2.1.5 Sanitation Scenario in Khurda, Jatani and Rural Areas of

BDPA
The poor sanitation facilities in rural areas of BDPA are represented by
the data presented in Table-8.13 and 8.14.The sanitation scenario of
Jatani Municipal area appears to be considerably better. Also the septic
tank coverage in Khurda Municipality is better than at Jatani. Also, the
distance between the toilets and well is more in rural areas than in
municipal areas. The situation in many urban areas is that the septic
tanks are not having the very minimum clearance requires attention. It is
likely that such a close proximity between septic tanks and wells may
trigger sub-soil and ground water pollution.
Table-8.13: The average percentage of ownership of toilets among

the municipal and rural areas - a comparative evaluation
BDPA
BMC Khurda (M) Jatani (M)
Rural
No toilet 12.94 14.55 3.31 44.43
Individual 77.31 78.18 92.05 43.76
Shared 6.76 0.91 1.32 0.67
Not responded 2.97 6.36 3.31 11.14
Source: Socio-economic report, 2006
Sewerage System
Table-8.14: The type of sanitation facilities (in average percentages)

available among the municipal and rural areas - a comparative
evaluation
BMC BDPA Rural Khurda (M) Jatani(M)

Sewer Connected 45.02 0.0 7.45 11.64
Septic Tank 45.48 50.9 85.11 78.08
Pit 1.36 3.81 0.00 1.37
Others 3.22 22.65 0.00 6.16
Not Responded 4.90 22.65 7.45 2.74
Source: Socio-economic report, 2006
8.2.2 Wastewater Management in 2030
8.2.2.1 Expected Sewage Generation in BDPA
The population of Bhubaneswar municipal area as on 2008 is estimated

as 10,80,000. Considering a per capita demand of 200 lpcd (with 15%
losses) the water supply requirements of the area will be around 216
MLD (~ 48 MGD). In general, 80% of water supply is expected to reach
the sewerage system based on the design procedures applied in India.
So, the total sewage generation in 2008 will be 173 MLD (~38 MGD).
Similarly the wastewater generation in 2030 for a population of 2000 000
would be around 320 MLD (~ 70 MGD). As the sub-soil water table is
high in this area, usually the infiltration of water is also added in the
quantity of sewage. But, however, the sewers are supposed to be water
tight and any leakage will eventually lead to sub soil water pollution. The
expected wastewater generation in 2008 and 2030 is given in Fig-8.6
and Table-8.15. The area requirements for the sewage treatment plant
are given in Table-8.15 and the capacity of sewage treatment plants in
various zones of BDPA is given in Table-8.16.
350 320
Wastewater Generation (MLD)
300
250
200 172.8 2008
150 2030
115.2
100
50 24 26.08
9.44 11.2 20.8
0
BMC Khurda (M) Jatani(M) BDA (Rural)
Areas
Fig-8.6: The expected wastewater generation in BMC in 2008 and

2030.
Sewerage System
Table-8.15: Sewage generation in various zones of Bhubaneswar

development plan area in 2008 and 2030
Area
Wastewater Wastewater
Zone requirement
Sl. Areas Population Population generation generation
numb for Sewage
No. 2008 2030 in 2008 in 2030
er Treatment
(MLD) (MLD)
Plant(ha)
1 Bharatpur 12 6700 20000 1.072 3.2 0.64
2 Chandrasekharpur 13 478500 700000 76.56 112 22.4
3 Sribantapur 14 38000 50000 6.08 8 1.6
4 East Kuakhai 15 20000 220000 3.2 35.2 7.04
5 Sisupal 16 48600 180000 7.776 28.8 5.76

Bhubaneswar New
6 17 392000 450000 62.72 72 14.4
Town
7 Old Bhubaneswar 18 100000 150000 16 24 4.8
8 Dhauli 19 9800 20000 1.568 3.2 0.64
9 Aigania 20 70000 300000 11.2 48 9.6
10 Tamando 21 50700 500000 8.112 80 16
11 Gangapada 22 18000 110000 2.88 17.6 3.52
12 Khurda 23 59000 150000 9.44 24 4.8
13 Barunei 24 10900 20000 1.744 3.2 0.64
14 Jatani 25 70000 130000 11.2 20.8 4.16
Total BDPA total 1372200 3000000 219.552 480 96
Table-8.16: Capacity of sewage treatment plants for the 14 zones of BDPA
Capacity of sewage
Sl. Areas Zone number
Treatment plant (MGD)
No.
1 Bharatpur 12
2 Chandrasekharpur 13 28
3 Sribantapur 14
4 East Kuakhai 15 8
5 Sisupal 16 7
6 Bhubaneswar New Town 17

22
7 Old Bhubaneswar 18
8 Dhauli 19 0.8
9 Aigania 20 10
10 Tamando 21 18
11 Khurda 23
6
12 Barunei 24
13 Jatani 25 5
14 Gangapada 22 4
Total BDPA Total 109
Sewerage System
8.2.3 Proposals for Implementation
8.2.3.1 The Background
In a modern society, proper management of wastewater is a necessity,

not an option.
A wide range of communicable diseases can spread through elements of

the environment by human and animal waste products, if not disposed
properly.
The development of effective water and waste treatment methods has

virtually eliminated major water borne epidemics in developed countries.
Developing countries like ours, where treated water is not available to a
majority of the population, still experience epidemics like cholera and
typhoid. It is also to be mentioned that as per the report of the Planning
Commission for the Tenth Five Year Plan, which emphasizes that all
cities, towns and industrial areas should compulsorily have sewage
treatment plants and are to be implemented in a time bound manner.
Advanced waste water treatment process is currently being so developed
that it will produce palatable water from domestic waste water.
8.2.3.2 Proposals
1. Since it is necessary to provide sewage treatment facilities for

480 MLD of wastewater, a decentralized wastewater treatment
system would be more appropriate. The centralized sewage
treatment system appears inappropriate as it may end up with
very huge sizes of sewers and various issues of conveyance in
handling this huge quantity of wastewater.
2. The treatment plants and sewers are to be so aligned as to

reduce the number of crossings with railway tracks and National
highways of the area. The proximities of natural drains for treated
effluent disposal, minimum obstructions for laying sewers, and
the possibilities of acquiring land for sewage treatment plants
(STPs) turns important in orienting and locating the plants.
3. The design, construction, land requirement, and internal

infrastructural arrangements will be identical if the sewage
centers could be designed for the same wastewater discharge.
Keeping these aspects in view, it is proposed to provide six
individual sewage treatment plants of 12 MGD capacity each and
the area requirement for each of the STPs will be around 11 ha
in BMC area to cover the following zones:
i. Bharatpur,
ii. Chandrasekharpur,
iii. Sribantapur,
Sewerage System
iv. Sisupal,
v. Bhubaneswar New Town,
vi. Old Bhubaneswar and
vii. Dhauli
viii. Aigania,
To cover the other zones, 6 STPs of various capacities, as given in

Table-8.16 each are proposed and its locations are shown in the Map-
8.3.
ix. East Kuakhai,
x. Tamando,
xi. Gangapada,
xii. Khurda,
xiii. Barunei and
xiv. Jatani
The possibilities of re-use of treated wastewater effluent for irrigation,

gardening etc. should be looked into.
The construction of treatment plants could be carried out in a phased

manner on a modular/zonal basis in the planning area consistent with the
future development/demand
8.2.3.3 Treatment Options
Considering the technical feasibility and economical viability of different

treatment options for treatment of wastewater (like Activated sludge
process(ASP), Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors,
Fluidized aerobic beds, Trickling filters, and waste stabilization ponds) for
Bhubaneswar, the choice can be either the conventional activated sludge
process or UASB reactors.
The conventional ASP system is a widely used wastewater treatment

option in major cities of India. It has become popular as a reliable
technology with good resource recovery (60-75% methane) of biogas. It
assures a removal rate of more than 90-95% of organics from
wastewater. UASB reactors are also gaining ground as an alternative to
the conventional treatment techniques with their simplicity and
comparable removal efficiency. However, the UASB renders effluents
with relatively high NPK values demanding post treatment by polishing
units. The cost of treatment of wastewater, unit cost, and quality of the
effluent varies only marginally among these two treatment options. The
success of the ASP systems elsewhere, with its easy maintenance and
management makes it an appropriate choice for Bhubaneswar
Development Plan Area.
Sewerage System
8.2.3.4 The Sewage Treatment System proposed
The ASP system proposed should contain the following units, as shown
in Fig-8.7:
1) Screens
2) Grit chamber
3) Primary clarifier (PC)
4) Aeration tank or ASP tank
5) Secondary clarifier (SC),
6) Sludge digesters, and
6) Sludge drying bed for the treatment of sludge obtained from primary
clarifier and secondary clarifier.
Influent
Effluent
w/w
PC ASP SC
water
recycled
Effluent
Screen
Grit Chamber
Drying Bed
Sludge
Sludge
Digester
Fig-8.7: The proposed ASP treatment system for Bhubaneswar

Development plan area.
8.2.3.5 Cost Estimates
The tentative expenditure for the proposed sewage treatment plants in

BMC is shown in Table-8.17. The tentative cost of the proposed
sewerage system is around 747 crores as shown in Table-8.18. The
tentative cost estimate for other zones is given in Table-8.19 to 8.23.
Table-8.17: The expected cost estimate of the proposed STP system for
Bharatpur, Chandrasekharpur, Sribantapur, Sisupal, Bhubaneswar New
Town, Old Bhubaneswar, Dhauli and Aigania for 2030.
Sl.
Description of the items Tentative quantity/costs
No.
1 Quantity of sewage to be treated 66 MLD

2 Area of STP required 11 ha
3 Cost of construction of a STP unit Rs. 3000 lacs
4 Annual O&M costs for a STP unit Rs. 210 lacs
Total initial investment required for a
5 Rs. 3210 lacs
STP
Total initial cost for 6 STPs for the above Rs. 19260 lacs (192.6
6
zones crores)
* Excluding land cost
Sewerage System
Table-8.18: The expected cost estimate of the proposed underground

sewerage system for Bharatpur, Chandrasekharpur, Sribantapur, Sisupal,
Bhubaneswar New Town, Old Bhubaneswar, Dhauli and Aigania for 2030
Sl. Tentative quantity/costs

Description of the items
No. (Crores)
1 Proposed treatment plants 193.00

Improvements to the existing sewage
2 250.00
collection system
3 Proposed sewage collection system 275.00
Provision for crossings at Railway lines and
4 29.00
major roads for trunk sewers
5 Total capital cost 747.00
6 O&M Costs 30.00
Table-8.19: The expected cost estimate of the proposed sewerage

system in Khurda (M) and Barunei.
Sl. Tentative quantity/costs

No. Description of the items
(Crores)

Total initial investment required for a STP

3 13
including Annual O&M costs for a STP unit
4 Proposed sewage collection system 50
6 O&M Costs 3.00

. system in Tamando.
Sl. Description of the items Tentative quantity/costs

No. (Crores)


3 38.5

5 Total capital cost 224
6 O&M Costs 9.00
Sewerage System

system in Jatani and Gangapada.

No. (Crores)


3 19

6 O&M Costs 5.00

system in East Kuakhai.

No. (Crores)

3 including Annual O&M costs for a STP 18
unit
6 O&M Costs 4.00
Table-8.23: Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of proposed sewerage

and systems in 2030 for BDPA
Sl.
Areas Zone number Total capital cost(Crores) Annual O&M Costs(Crores)
No.
1 Bharatpur 12
2 Chandrasekharpur 13
3 Sribantapur 14
4 Sisupal 16
747
30
7 Dhauli 19
8 Aigania 20
Continued…
Drainage
Sl.
No.
9 East Kuakhai 15 102 4
10 Tamando 21 224 9
11 Khurda 23
63 3
12
Barunei 24
13 Jatani 25
110 5
14 Gangapada 22
Total BDPA Total 1246 51
Add the cost towards the price escalation of materials@10% and the cost towards the price escalation of labour charges
@10% in the above mentioned capital cost.
8.3 Drainage
8.3.1 Existing drainage system
The general topography of the municipal area of Bhubaneswar is having

a gentle slope from west to east. The level difference is about 80 meters
between the west end (Kalinga Nagar near Chandaka Road) to east end
(Near Jharpada and Bargarh village) of the municipal area. Thus overall
topography slopes from western highlands to eastern plains rendering a
natural advantage of drainage. Further, the city also slopes from north
towards south. The natural drains are aligned according to these natural
slopes of the area.
Bhubaneswar is having a network of 10 ‘major drains’ that are aligned

from west to east and are situated in an arrayed layout (north to south)
perpendicular to the Gangua Nallah. These major drains are maintained
by the water resources department (WRD) of Bhubaneswar. The storm
water of Bhubaneswar City flows into these 10 drain channels each of
which is designated by a number. All the 10 drains are natural earthen
drains, only in drain No. 5, 6, & 7, side walls have been constructed by
laterite stone masonry at few places in the built up area, and at the down
stream of the drain No.10 side walls have been constructed. Drain No.1
opens to the River Kuakhai and the remaining nine drain channels (No.2
to No.10) flow into the Gangua Nallah which in turn transports the river
water and the pollution load to the river Daya. The details of these
existing major drains showing their length, location, and catchment area
are furnished in Table-8.24. The BMC maintains the ‘minor drains’, which
Drainage
comprise of secondary and tertiary drains These drains essentially

convey storm water runoff from the road surface, household roof drains
and from the catchment area in undeveloped or partially developed
portions of the city to the major drains. These minor drains are
constructed with laterite masonry or with cast-in-situ concrete lining. The
total length of storm water drains is reported to be approximately 1,450
km. The drainage problems in Bhubaneswar city are not very serious but
some times water stagnation occurs at few places for few hours during
heavy rainfalls.
8.3.2 Pollution and drainage
It is reported that there are 11 water polluting industries in Bhubaneswar

which generate 86,000 m3/d of wastewater which is either treated in
septic tanks or spread on low lying land without proper treatment and is
ultimately discharged into these drain channels. The BOD of wastewater
of these drains varies in the range 98-133 mg/l, with an average of 124
mg/l. The DO reported is too small or zero. The level of Ammonia-
Nitrogen ranges from 3.9-6.89 mg/l with average values of Nitrite-
Nitrogen (NO2-N) and Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) as 0.22 and 0.54 mg/l,
respectively. The pollution level of River Kuakhai and the upstream of
River Daya are not very significant. But, however, the pollution load from
Gangua Nallah on River Daya will be considerable as it carries all
discharges from the nine major drains. It was reported that the water
quality in Daya river upstream reach of the confluence with the Gangua
Nallah is moderate but that in the down stream reaches of the confluence
is well below satisfactory levels.
In absence of a sewerage system, people are using septic tanks and

soak pits. In most of the places sewage is discharged into open drains
without any treatment, which is ultimately discharged to Gangua Nallah.
The Gangua Nallah with a length of 35.7 km, bed width of 30 m and
average depth of 2.62 m is having a catchment area of 75.6 sq.km with a
discharge of 652 cusecs. In its course of 12 km in the city of
Bhubaneswar, it receives wastewater discharges from nine drains. The
total organic load (BOD) discharged through these drains is 100.64 T/d
and that of solids is 127 T/d. The major contributor to the water pollution
for BOD load is Patia drain followed by Sainik School drain. These drains
discharge both domestic and industrial wastewater from densely
populated old city areas. It was estimated that the River Kuakhai receives
about 27.22 MLD of wastewater from Patia drain.
Drainage
Flooding and stagnation are reported in Nayapalli, Acharya Vihar,

Jayadev Vihar and Shastri Nagar areas along major drain No. 4.
Inundation along major drain No. 5 is reported at Laxmisagar Chhak and
at DWBC crossing. Sections of the drain No.7 have been encroached
along the Bhubaneswar-Puri Road in Gouri Nagar and Garage Chhak
localities which resulted in flooding due to non-passage of storm water.
Similarly, areas along major drain no.10 in Jharapada, Bomikhal, Govind
Prasad and Shastri Nagar localities experience regular flooding during
monsoon. The problem is said to be severe along the stretch of the major
drain aligned parallel to the Daya West Branch Canal.
Table-8.24: The features of major drainage lines of Bhubaneswar
Total
Starting Outfall
Sl. No. Drain Name Starting Point Outfall Point Length
NSL (m) NSL (m)
(Km)
1 Drain No. 1 Buddha Park Gangua Nallah 37.563 12.18 5.83
Mancheswar Railway
2 Drain No. 2 M.C.L. Corp. Bridge (confluence 17.1 13.625 0.549
with Drain no.3)
3 Drain No. 3 Gajapatinagar Gangua Nallah 40.89 11.231 4.226
4 Drain No. 4 Ekamrakanan Gangua Nallah 49.968 11.196 9.77
5 Drain No. 5 BED College Gangua Nallah 29.869 9.735 3.53
6 Drain No. 6 Jayadev Bhavan Gangua Nallah 30.362 9.495 3.127
Basic Science
7 Drain No. 7 Gangua Nallah 25.356 5.455
College
Pokhariput
8 Drain No. 8 Baramunda (Confluence with Drain 38.574 14.48 6.689
no.9)
9 Drain No. 9 Ghatikia Gangua Nallah 34.51 7.265 15.05
10 Drain No. 10 Mamtaj Ali H.S. Gangua Nallah 35.278 9.604 8.376
.
Source: Department of Water resources, Orissa, September, 2009.
8.3.3 Proposals
1. It was observed that the surface water runoff and domestic

wastewater is discharged into the road side surface drains. Most
of these drains have lost their original flow carrying capacity due
to the indiscriminate dumping of garbage in the drain and also
due to the accumulation of sand and grit. The high rate of
urbanization has led to water logging situation in some areas as
infiltration to the sub soil is reduced with increase in built up area.
The situation points to the necessity for public awareness against
dumping of solid waste and discharge of sewage/sullage from
households into the natural drains. However, only by providing a
Drainage
systematic solid waste disposal and collection system can this be

curbed.
2. Apart from the 10 existing major drains identified by the Water
Resources Department it has been proposed to properly align
and maintain the two existing drainage channels on the northern
part of Bhubaneswar (including the Buri canal) and three existing
drainage channels on the Southern part of Bhubaneswar
(including the Khurda - Jatani Chatra canal ) anticipating the
growth of various proposed activities along with the increase in
population and density in these areas (Refer proposed land use
maps ).
3. Since most of the areas are not having any sewerage system,
sewage is found flowing along the roads into the open drains. In
some areas, improper drainage leads to stagnation of sewage.
Only by providing a systematic sewerage system and sewage
treatment plants, can this issue be solved.
4. BMC and the entire BDPA demands a full fledged drainage
system. It is proposed that the existing drainage alignment within
the urban area be made permanent and also the natural
drainage system be improved and protected with treatment
facilities at the outfall points to reduce the pollution from storm
water which is found containing industrial and domestic effluents.
Works on reconstruction and repairing, channel widening and
deepening, providing RCC surfaces for channels and drainage
pumps, extension of existing drainage channels, providing
additional secondary and tertiary channels, providing coverage to
existing channels, widening or removing the channel cross
culverts etc. are to be considered.
5. The main open drainage channels for the various drainage
basins within the urban areas are to be properly aligned to
provide an efficient drainage network. The possibilities of
developing secondary and tertiary drainage alignments in
Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area are to be investigated.
The details of the major drains of Bhubaneswar Municipal Area
and width of various drains are given in Table-8.25.
6. The reported cases of flooding in many areas due to diminished
carrying capacity of drains deserve attention. More emphasis is
to be given in the management of drains which involves the
prevention of flooding and illegal encroachments, periodic
maintenance, and provisions of adequate lands for future
reconstruction and augmentation activities.
Drainage
7. The drainage facilities provided are very poor in Khurda (M), Jatani (M)
and BDPA (rural) areas. A master plan for the drainage of these areas
has not yet been prepared. The preparation and implementation of a
master drainage plan for these areas appears highly essential. The
tentative expenditure for the proposed drainage system in BMC and
BDPA is given in Table-8.26 and 8.27 respectively. The alignment of the
drainage channel of the BDPA is shown in the Map-8.4.The natural width
of all major channels in BDPA should protected and there should not be
any encroachment at least 5 m on either side of the channel. The exact
bed width, land width and the land requirement can be calculated after
preparation of a drainage master plan of the various zones of the
Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area.
8. An organized drainage system is invariably associated with the

implementation of a systematic solid waste and wastewater collection
and treatment system.
9. Periodic de-silting of the existing storm water drains should be done.
10. Perimeter protection of all the major drains should be checked before
every rainy season.
Overall, the preparation and implementation of a drainage master plan

appears essential for the entire BDPA.
Table-8.25: Size of major drainage lines of Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation Areas
Total
Sl. Starting Outfall
Drain Name Starting Point Outfall Point Length Size of Drain
No. NSL (m) NSL (m)
(Km)
1 Drain No. 1 Buddha Park Gangua Nallah 37.563 12.18 5.83 14.3m x 2.9m
Mancheswar Railway
2 Drain No. 2 M.C.L. Corp. Bridge (confluence 17.1 13.625 0.549 4.9m x 1.7m
with Drain no.3)
3 Drain No. 3 Gajapatinagar Gangua Nallah 40.89 11.231 4.226 9m x 2.1m
4 Drain No. 4 Ekamrakanan Gangua Nallah 49.968 11.196 9.77 9.2m x 2.6m
5 Drain No. 5 BED College Gangua Nallah 29.869 9.735 3.53 5m x 2m
6 Drain No. 6 Jayadev Bhavan Gangua Nallah 30.362 9.495 3.127 6.5m x 1m
Basic Science
7 Drain No. 7 Gangua Nallah 25.356 5.455 7.6m x 2.2m
College
Pokhariput
8 Drain No. 8 Baramunda (Confluence with 38.574 14.48 6.689 9m x 2.3m
Drain no.9)
9 Drain No. 9 Ghatikia Gangua Nallah 34.51 7.265 15.05 14.83m x 3.3m
10 Drain No. 10 Mamtaj Ali H.S. Gangua Nallah 35.278 9.604 8.376 10m x 2.4m
Source: Department of Water resources, Orissa, September, 2009.
Solid Waste Management
Table-8.26: The expected cost estimate of the drainage system in BMC

area
Sl. Tentative
Description of the items quantity/costs
No. (Crores)
Improvements of existing major and minor
1 100.00
drains and channels
Improvements in channel sections of major
2 75.00
drains
Reconstruction/widening of major drains for
3 50.0
enhanced hydraulic capacity
4 Annual O&M Cost 9.0
Table-8.27: Tentative cost estimate (in crores) of drainage systems for BDPA
BDPA
Khurda Jatani BDPA Total
Item BMC
(M) (M) (rural) Cost
(Crores)
Total capital costs

225 19.0 17.0 141.0 402.0
for drainage
Annual O&M costs 9.0 0.75 0.70 5.6 16
8.4 Solid Waste
8.4.1 Solid Waste Management Scenario of BMC
The BMC is having a conventional and primitive system of solid waste

management maintained and managed by a team of health and sanitary
officers. The daily Solid Waste (SW) generation suggested is 300 MT
with a comparatively high per capita generation rate of 400 g in 2006. As
expected, apart from domestic sources, public and vegetable markets,
hotels and restaurants, fish and meat shops, street sweepings, hospitals,
other office/institutions, etc. are also contributing to the SW load. A
systematic and scientific method of SW collection, disposal and
management are visibly absent. It is generally observed that the people
still practice throwing the wastes on streets or open drains and as a result
heaps of SW is visible in many parts of the city.
8.4.1.1 Solid Waste generation rate
The population of Bhubaneswar as on 2008 is 10, 80,000. The average

SW generation per person is expected as 400 lpcd. Accordingly, the total
SW generation in Bhubaneswar Municipal Area is estimated as 432

MT/d.
8.4.1.2 The present scenario
It is informed that BMC has a health wing with a City Medical Officer and
a team of sanitary inspectors (12 nos), filarial staff, assistant unit officer,
food inspector and an array of sweeping staff (around 1227 sweepers)
and loading workers (around 175). It is learned that the Bhubaneswar
City is divided into different sanitary wards and each ward is divided into
sub-units. The normal frequency of collection of solid waste is at least
once in a day in busy commercial areas and in other areas, the waste is
collected once in 3–7 days. In a few residential areas, solid wastes are
collected by means of containers, which are automatically unloaded in
trucks and transported directly to the disposal sites. No separate bins are
provided for SW from different sources. The segregation of SW is totally
absent. It is also felt that, out of the total quantity of waste generated and
collected, BMC is able to handle about half of the waste only. The
remaining portion is remains unattended even in busy streets. The
collection of solid waste is generally limited to street sweeping only. In
the absence of house-to-house collection and unhygienic dirty conditions
around the bins, people throw the waste on the streets or in some
unoccupied land or in the drains.
In major areas, concrete bins have been provided on the roadsides, in

few locations. The refuse from dustbins and roads are transported in two
wheeler barrows to the nearby collection center. Besides that, domestic
garbage in many places is thrown onto the nearest vacant land. In most
of the areas, the waste from the streets is collected manually using old
and conventional wheelbarrows and handcarts. Because of the narrow
lanes and space constraints, the movement of the vehicles for secondary
collection is not possible. These leave with no other option except to
adopt manual operation during both the primary as well as secondary
collection. Around 381 cylindrical bottomless concrete bins with a
capacity of ~ 90 m3 are provided in 47 wards. But, majority of these units
were found damaged affecting the collection process. It was also
observed that the conditions round the bins were unhygienic and dirty
waste in the bins is easily accessible to the animals and the rag pickers.
In many places, the waste lies scattered and exposed, providing an ideal
breeding ground for diseases. It is clear that these bins are ineffective in
holding the huge amount of SW produced in the city daily. These bins are
placed at a spacing of around 4 Km which is around 8-10 times higher
than those normally recommended. Waste is collected from the collection

bins and loaded on to the tippers/tractors or trailers manually.
From the collection centers, the wastes are transported by Municipality

vehicles to the dumping ground. Presently the BMC has 8 temporary
designated open dumping sites for disposal of municipal solid waste,
covering an area of about 18.5 acres of land within city limits.
Bhubaneswar has waste disposal sites in Jharpada, Rasulgarh,
Mancheswar, near Womens’ Polytechnic, behind Khandagiri and
Udaygiri and Baragada area. Also, each vehicle makes 2-3 trips per day
between the assigned wards and the dumping ground. The existing
transportation fleet of the BMC has a rated capacity of 3 MT per vehicle
per day. The solid waste is also being dumped irregularly in many areas,
open spaces, even in residential colonies and along highways.
8.4.1.3 The dumping sites
The dumping of the collected SW are being done in 8 different locations

of Bhubaneswar namely, Anne House Chhak, Salia Sahi, Bargarh,
Behind Kanchanjunga Appartment, Jharpada, Behind Rajdhani College,
Dumduma, Chandrasekharpur, Daya Canal in the Mancheshwar
Industrial Area, and the recently 62 acres acquired land at Bhuasuni
under Chandaka police station is the final dumping Site.
Anne House Chhak is within the old township of Bhubaneswar on the

Mahtab Road in ward number 44, having an area of 0.5 acres. Foul
odour is reported existing even upto 600 m distances. People are
suffering from the menace of bad odour, flies, and mosquitoes. The area
is thickly populated and people have been reported suffering. Salia sahi
dumping ground is close to St. Xavier Institute of Management and by the
side of Orissa State Remote Sensing Application Center and opposite to
Women Polytechnic. It is one of the biggest dumping yard having 10
acres of land, located in a strategic Institutional area. The biggest slum of
Bhubaneswar exists on the other side of this dumping yard. Bargarh
dumping yard, is an old laterite quarry, which has partly been filled with
the garbage and is having an area of 2 acres. All the three sides are
facing the BRIT housing colony. Dumping yard behind Kanchanjunga
apartments is within the abandoned laterite quarry having an area of 1.5
acres, with a number of cavities sloping towards the lower terraces. Mali
sahi dumping yard is around 2.5 acres lying by the side of the railway line
on the western side, and is within the most thickly inhabited area
encompassing the Kabari, fish, meat and poultry markets and the
housing colonies on the opposite side. The Jharpada dumping ground is
encircling the fish, poultry and meat shops, where the flies and insects
from the waste are polluting the food products. The dumping ground
Behind Rajdhani College consisting of 0.75 acres area is exactly behind
the air force Selection Board. Most of the ground has been leveled with
the garbage but still a depression is found along one corner. Slum
dwellers have encroached onto the area from the two sides. Dumduma
dumping ground, of around 0.25 ha, is behind the Central Horticulture
Research Station just across Dumduma Housing Board Colony. The
ground is undulating due to old random quarrying. The area of the
dumping ground is 0.25 acres only. On one side the slum dwellers have
build their hutment between this yard and open fields. Chandrasekharpur
dumping yard is on a robust institutional area. Of late, the industries are
dumping all kinds of waste including the undesirable hazardous waste
along the banks of Daya canal in a most indiscriminate manner. It is
learned that 62 acres of land has been acquired at village Bhuasuni
under Chandaka police station by Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation
for final dumping of municipal garbage.
8.4.1.4 The existing scenario of solid waste management
The major contributors of SW in the planning area include domestic,

institutional, commercial, hotels and restaurants, temples, marriage halls,
street sweeping, construction and demolition, industrial, and biomedical
wastes. Almost all or substantial part of the MSW generated remains
unattended and grows in heaps at poorly maintained collection centers
and dumping yards. The choice of a disposal site also is more a matter of
what is available than what is suitable. There are waste bins to collect,
mainly, the household wastes, but the system is not efficient. The bins
are, however, only randomly provided in most of the Bhubaneswar
development areas. Further, these waste bins are inadequate in size and
are open, thus providing easy access for birds and other animals. Some
of these bins are often misplaced, forcing the residents to throw away
garbage in open areas of the probable bin sites. Even when the bins are
available, wastes are sometimes thrown outside the bins anyway and
since the wastes are always thrown loose the problem become
unmanageable very quickly. Not only in the residential areas, loose
wastes from large market places and grocery centers are thrown on the
ground around the roadside waste bins. Stinky rubbish lies around the
waste bins in the residential areas and market centers for a long time
before being collected by the waste collectors. The collectors have to
clean up the areas messed up by loose waste and shovel the loose
waste into baskets, and then onto trucks. Thus dumping of loose wastes
into waste bins and roads create major waste management problems in
most of the areas of Bhubaneswar, especially near busy urban centers.

Before getting collected by trucks, the wastes swept from the roads are
piled on the side of the roads. Animals and scavengers dig into the piles
made up of swept up wastes and scatter it. Moving vehicles scatter
overflowing garbage from the piles. The uncollected wastes usually
contain a significant portion of fecal matter, and as a result, children
playing around these wastes and scavengers who handle these wastes,
face high risks of health problems. These problems are especially
significant for the inhabitants of the larger and most densely populated
informal or illegal settlements where regular garbage collection service
and waste bins are not available. In case of delay in waste collection, the
task becomes unimaginably massive.
Uncontrolled dumps generate a wide range of pollutants and poses

serious threat to human health. Substances produced during garbage
decomposition, when disposed of in an improper manner; results in a
significant source of soil contamination. This is one of the most frequent
externalities of inappropriate garbage disposal. As garbage decomposes,
leachate is produced and drains into ground. It contains large number of
chemicals produced in waste degradation, and can subsequently affect
the groundwater, which in turn, may pollute the entire subsoil of the
region. With the exception of sanitary landfills, every other site is a risk to
human health and a source of environmental pollution.
8.4.1.5 Summary of present scenario
1. There is no systematic and scientific method for collection,

segregation, transportation and treatment of sewage. The
collection performance is too poor and spacing of collection bins
is too high. The involvement of men, money and machinery in the
SW management appears unsatisfactory.
2. It is a common scene that the open drains are filled with solid
wastes. This leads not only to the choking of drains and
subsequent water logging, but also serve as a fertile area for
mosquitoes and other organisms to breed, ultimately leading to
outbreak of diseases.
3. The crude methods of open dumping, unsanitary land filling, and
open incineration as is practiced in the area may enhance sub-
soil and ground water pollution.
4. The biomedical wastes or hazardous wastes collection and
treatment are totally neglected.
5. Lack of people awareness and people participation in the
management of SW is increasingly visible.
6. The environmental settings of most of the solid waste dumping

sites demand a detailed monitoring and quality assurance.
8.4.2 Proposals for Solid Waste Management in BDPA
8.4.2.1 Solid Waste Management System (SWM) - the need of the

future
An integrated solid waste management system has become a primary

necessity for assuring the quality of human life in any habitat. The
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is an essential by-product of everyday
living. The volume of MSW produced annually, is increasing rapidly in all
urban centers as a result of global urbanization, rapid industrialization
and economic development. The management of MSW has earned
increasing attention as a major hindrance to urbanization and economic
development all over the world. In view of the institutional inability in
managing the ever-increasing amount of solid waste, it has become
necessary to formulate and implement a comprehensive SWM strategy to
assure a sustainable solid waste management system. MSW treatment is
a combined responsibility of the citizen, the local government and the
industrial or business sector. The principal strategy to manage MSW is to
prevent the discharge of waste and, where waste must be discharged, to
recycle as much as possible to reduce the quantity. However, even if
effort is made to minimize the amount of waste, a large proportion still
requires treatment keeping in view of the activities of modern society.
It has been felt that the solid waste management in BDPA is not in tune
with the rapid development of the area. The management of solid waste
continues to remain one of the most neglected areas of urban
development in the Bhubaneswar Development plan area. Appraising the
efficacy of the solid waste management project requires an assessment
of the effectiveness of collection and disposal services in all areas. The
degree of effectiveness can be examined through a subjective
assessment of spatial coverage and efficiency of collection and transfer
services. Likewise, the proportion of waste collected could also be
considered as an indicator of the performance of the management
system. It appears that more than 50% of the solid waste generated in
the entire area remains unattended. This gives rise to unsanitary
conditions especially in densely populated areas of Bhubaneswar
municipal area, which in turn may have serious health and environmental
consequences. Despite the fact that management of SW comprises a
whole range of activities involving the public sector, small-scale private
enterprises and service users and given the size, complexity, and budget
share, it is surprising that dedicated SWM departments are have still not
started functioning in Bhubaneswar.
8.4.2.2 Assessment of Solid Waste generation
The expected SW generation in different areas of Bhubaneswar

Development Plan Area is illustrated in Table-8.28 and is compared in
Fig-8.8. The average rate of SW generation for all the Planning Zones
are taken as 500 gm/capita/d for 2008 and 2030. This enormous increase
in solid waste generation will have significant impacts in terms of the land
requirement for disposal, impending ground water pollution, methane
emissions to atmosphere due to open burning (contributing significantly
to global warming) and the health impacts on people. If land filling is
adopted, the total land area requirement will be enormously high to fulfill
the requirements of solid waste dumping. The increase in solid waste
generation demands cumulative requirement of land for disposal of
MSW. But, very high diversion of land for waste disposal would be
physically impossible since areas with largest concentration of solid
waste would also be the areas with serious scarcity of vacant land. Thus,
if the current methods of solid waste disposal persist, the waste would
have to be carried over long distance necessitating great deal of
transport facilities and infrastructure. This would involve enormous
additional finances and liabilities to these Municipalities in future. So, the
situation demands a number of decentralized treatment units to handle
the solid wastes of future.
All the non-biodegradable waste which is non-recyclable, non-reusable
shall be dumped into sanitary land fill. Bio-degradable waste shall be
subjected to Composting. Area required for composting shall include the
area for storage of unprocessed material, processing facilities for
composting operation and storage for green compost. The area required
for windrow composting with 15 days composting period with moisture
content between 55-60% for aerobic composting the 1st turning shall be
done at the 4th day and there after every third day shall be 1.5 acres to 2
acres per 50 MT per day waste.
1600 1500
Solid Waste Generation rate in

1400
1200
1000
1000
2008
800 686
2030
600 540
360
400
MT/Day
200 81.5
29.5 75 35 65
0
BMC Khurda (M) Jatani(M) BDA (Rural) Total
Areas
Fig-8.8: A comparison of the anticipated solid waste production in

Bhubaneswar, Khurda (M), Jatani (M) and BDPA (rural) areas of BDP
in 2008 and 2030
Table-8.28: Expected Solid waste Generation in various zones in

2008 and 2030 for Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area
Population as Population
Sl.No. Zone number SW SW in SW in
on 2008 as on 2030
Generation MT/day MT/day
Rate (gpcd) as on 2008 as on 2030
1 12 6700 20000 500 3.35 10

2 13 478500 700000 500 239.25 350
3 14 38000 50000 500 19 25
4 15 20000 220000 500 10 110
5 16 48600 180000 500 24.3 90
6 17 392000 450000 500 196 225
7 18 100000 150000 500 50 75
8 19 9800 20000 500 4.9 10
9 20 70000 300000 500 35 150
10 21 50700 500000 500 25.35 250
11 22 18000 110000 500 9 55
12 23 59000 150000 500 29.5 75
13 24 10900 20000 500 5.45 10
14 25 70000 130000 500 35 65
Total 1372200 3000000 686 1500
Table-8.29: Expected Solid waste Generation in BMC, Khurda (M), Jatani

(M) and rural area of BDPA in 2008 and 2030
SW in SW in
Sl.No. Population Population SW
MT/day MT/day
Zone number as on 2008 as on 2030 Rate
as on as on
(gpcd)
2008 2030
1 BMC 1080000 2000000 500 540 1000

2 Khurda (M) 59000 150000 500 29.5 75
3 Jatani (M) 70000 130000 500 35 65
4 BDPA (rural) 163000 720000 500 81.5 360
Total 1372000 3000000 686 1500
Table-8.30: Details of the proposed transfer station and disposal sites

in various zones of Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area
Zone
Planning Zones Requirement of Area
number SW in MT/day
Treatment Plant / Disposal Site (ha)for disposal
as on 2030
(landfill+composting)
12 Bharatpur 10
Bhuasuni under Chandaka P.S.
13 Chandrasekharpur 350 27
.
14 Sribantapur 25
15 East Kuakhai 110 East Kuakhai 7
16 Sisupal 90
Bhuasuni under Chandaka P.S.
17 Bhubaneswar New Town 225 25
19 Dhauli 10 Dhauli 1.5
Aigania/Bhuasuni under
20 Aigania 150 10
Chandaka P.S.
Tamando/Bhuasuni under
21 Tamando 250 15
Chandaka P.S.
Gangapara/Bhuasuni under
22 Gangapada 55 4
Chandaka P.S.
23 Khurda 75 Khurda
7
24 Barunei 10
25 Jatani 65 Jatani 6
Total Total BDPA 1500 102
8.4.2.3 Action Plan for a Sustainable SWM Programme
1. Need for a decentralized solid waste treatment system
The developmental pattern of all the areas, especially the urban centers
under BDPA demands the implementation of an integrated solid waste
treatment system. It is felt that only a decentralized MSWM system could
help solve the seemingly intricate problem of solid waste treatment in this
area in an economically viable, socially desirable and environmentally
sound manner.
2. People participation
General environmental awareness and information on health risks due to

improper solid waste management are important factors which need to
be continuously communicated to all sectors of the population. Building
awareness among public and community about the need for a better solid
waste management system is as essential as management. Public
awareness and attitudes to waste can affect the people's willingness to
cooperate and participate in adequate waste management practices. If
people keep on throwing waste on the streets indiscriminately, the local
body alone cannot keep the city clean in spite of their best efforts .Thus,
it is very important to make people understand that the treatment and
management of solid waste is a collective responsibility of the local
authority and the community. Municipalities or local governments through
participatory programs should convey this message to the people.
3. Enhancement of collection facilities
1. Old masonry type dustbins are to be replaced with different types of

covered dustbins made out of cast iron, which reduces the time of pickup
and improves the process of primary collection of wastes.
2. The sweepers of Municipalities may be provided with handcarts and

detachable containers and be allotted a fixed area or number of houses
for door to door collection. They should also be provided with safety
gears and proper uniforms.
3. It can be made compulsory for the management of societies/

complexes to keep covered bins in which waste is to be stored at
acceptable locations to be picked up by the municipal staff.
4. The local body may collect waste from community bins by using
container handcarts or tricycles, whichever may be convenient for
transferring the wastes to the waste storage sites by using municipality
sweepers.
5. The collection service can be provided on a full-cost recovery basis

using contractor services on a day to day basis from individual houses.
6. The collection service can be provided on a full-cost recovery basis

using contractor services on a day to day basis from individual shops
also. The service of rag pickers and part time sweepers can also be used
in adjustment with the shop owners.
7. Sweeping of all public roads, streets, lanes, by-lanes where there is a

habitation or commercial activity on either side or both sides of the street
should be done daily. A list of such streets and roads together with their
length and width should be prepared. The local body, keeping in view the
norms of work prescribed should work out a program for their daily
cleaning. However, roads and streets where there is no habitation around
and do not require daily cleaning may be put in a separate group.
4. Provision of storage facilities
One of the immediate measures to revamp the existing collection

services structure would involve provision of covered community waste
bins at proper distances for the people to deposit domestic waste. This is
the first step that will ensure that people do not throw their garbage on
the roads and hence do not create open dump sites. This will enable the
sanitation workers to transfer waste to the transportation vehicle quickly
and efficiently with minimum health risk and which will also help to
maintain the aesthetics of the surroundings.
The Municipal solid waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 of the
Government of India have prescribed the compliance criteria for waste
storage depots as under:
i. Storage facilities shall be created and established by taking into

account quantities of waste generation in a given area and the
population densities. A storage facility shall be so placed that it is
accessible to users.
ii. Storage facilities to be set up by municipal authorities or any other

agencies shall be so designed that waste stored are not exposed to
open atmosphere and shall aesthetically acceptable and user-
friendly
iii. Storage facilities or “bins” shall have “easy to operate” design for
handling, transfer and transportation of waste. Bins for storage of
biodegradable waste shall be painted green, those of recyclable
waste shall be painted white and those of other wastes shall be
painted black.
iv. Manual handling of waste shall be prohibited. If unavoidable due to

constraints, manual handling shall be carried out under proper
precaution with due care for the safety of workers. So, the storage
and handling of SW are extremely important, and hence the steps to
be taken by the Municipal authorities for storage of solid wastes are
listed in Table-8.31.
Table-8.31: Proposed steps to be taken by Municipalities for storage of solid waste
Sources of waste
Sl. No Proposed Action /methodology
generation
1. Not to throw any waste in neighborhoods, on streets, open space, and

vacant lands, in drains or water bodies.
Households
1 2. Keep food waste / biodegradable waste in a non corrosive bin type – D1
3. Keep dry/ recyclable waste in bin type – D2
4. Keep hazardous waste separately.
1 to 4 as above.
Multistoried 5. Provide separate bin type – B large enough to hold wastes generated-
buildings, commercial both biodegradable and recyclable.
2
complexes, 6. Direct members of the association / society to deposit waste in bins
private societies etc. provided. Sanitary inspectors should vigil the area and fine should be
imposed for not following the actions.
1 to 4 as above.
3 Slums 5. Use bin type – C
Shops, offices, 1 to 4 as above.

4
Institutions etc 5. Store the waste in bin type - D1, D2.
1 to 4 as above
They should arrange their own bins and dispose waste in nearby municipal
5 Hotels and restaurants
bins.
Keep small baskets with them and transfer waste to large bin type-A.
Vegetable, fruit markets, Shop keepers not to dispose of the waste in front of their shops or open
6 meat, fish markets, and space.
street vendors. Deposit waste as and when generated into bin type-A.
Fines should be imposed for not following the actions
Marriage halls, 1 to 4 as above.
7 Community halls, kalyan 5. Provide a large bin type -B
mandaps etc.
1. Compost the waste in garden itself, if possible.
8 Garden waste
2. Store wastes in large bags or bins and transfers it to community bins.
3 3 3
Note: Bin type A (volume 7 m ), type B (0.75 m ), type C (0.5 m ), type D1 and type D2
(12 liters).
5. Segregation of Solid Waste
The expected percentage composition of the solid waste in the planning

areas of BDPA is shown in Fig-8.9. These compositional characteristics
of the solid waste underline the need for proper segregation before
treatment.
Miscellaneous
Glass (10%) (3%) Incombustible
(13%)
Paper (8%)
Textile (8%)
Degradable
(38%)
Plastics (11%)
Metals (9%)
Fig-8.9: The expected percentage composition of MSW in the

planning areas of BDPA
Proper segregation of waste into different components and their separate

collection can definitely lead to remarkable changes in the entire system.
The segregation of the waste would be a long drawn exercise as it

involves attitudinal changes in people and will have to be done with
careful planning, in a phased manner. The general public is to be first
sensitized towards the whole concept and educated about the need and
advantages of doing the segregation. Segregation of waste at the source
itself is extremely important as municipal solid waste, which is otherwise
environmentally benign on getting mixed with hazardous waste like
paints, dyes, batteries, human excrete turns hazardous. The recyclables
like paper and plastic etc. become unsuitable for recycling as these get
soiled by the organic matter. Although, it would be more fruitful to sort
and place different kinds of recyclables in separate receptacles, the
waste could be segregated into at least two categories of biodegradable
and non-biodegradable initially.
The recyclables obtained through segregation could be straightway

transported to recycling units which in turn would pay certain amount to
the corporations, thereby adding to their income. This would help in
formalizing the existing informal set up of recycling units, and this
formalization in turn could lead to multi-advantages. The biodegradable
matter could be disposed off either by aerobic composting, anaerobic

digestion or sanitary land filling. Depending upon land availability and
financial resources, either of these disposal methods could be adopted.
Though simple land filling is the traditionally practiced system of solid
waste management in the planning area, aerobic composting by wind-
row method will be an appropriate option.
6. Reuse and recycling
The concepts of reuse and recycling can well be applied in solid waste
management as solid waste is basically a heterogeneous mixture. In
typical Indian municipal solid wastes, as shown in Fig-8.9 there is a small
percentage of recyclable material and more of compostable and inert
materials like ash and road dust. There is a very large informal sector of
rag pickers, who can collect recyclable wastes (paper, plastic, metal,
glass, rubber, etc) from the streets, bins and disposal sites for their
livelihood. Thus, the rag pickers can be effectively used for the collection
of reusable materials especially because the use of non recyclable
packaging materials like PET bottles for soft drinks, mineral wastes, and
soft –foam products and metalised plastic film coated food packing
materials are on the rise. During recycling, many of these release toxic
gases and ozone depleting products. So it is advisable to educate people
to replace these items with eco- friendly packaging materials. The
desirable home sorting mechanisms includes dry recyclable materials
(e.g. glass, paper, plastic, cans etc.), kitchen and garden wastes, bulky
wastes, hazardous wastes, construction and demolition wastes. Sorting
can also be done just prior to waste processing or land filling.
7. Energy from solid waste
Electricity can be produced by burning MSW as a fuel. MSW power

plants, also called waste to energy (WTE) plants, are designed to
dispose of MSW and to produce electricity as a byproduct of the
incinerator operation. Mass Burn is the most common waste-to-energy
technology, in which MSW is combusted directly in much the same way
as fossil fuels are used in other direct combustion technologies. Burning
MSW converts water to steam to drive a turbine connected to an
electricity generator. Burning MSW can generate energy while reducing
the volume of waste by up to 90 percent, an environmental benefit.
However, this burning MSW in WTE plants produces comparatively high
carbon dioxide emissions, a contributor to global climate change. The net
climate change impact of these emissions is lessened because a major
component of trash is wood, paper and food wastes that would
decompose if not burned. If left to decompose in a solid waste landfill, the

material produces methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The concept of
producing energy from MSW derives significance as it is given high
priority by the Ministry of Non-conventional Energy sources (MNES),
Government of India.
8. Instructions for public
1. The citizens must be directed not to throw away the solid waste in their
neighborhood or in open spaces
2. The citizens must be directed to keep the waste as and when

generated in covered domestic waste containers.
3. All private sectors, association of flats, lodges, multistoried buildings

etc must be directed to provide a community bin facility for storing solid
wastes and to facilitate its collection by the local body.
4. All shops/offices/Institutions are to be directed to refrain from throwing

their solid waste on footpaths, streets and open spaces. They should be
encouraged to keep the wastes in containers of appropriate capacities for
easy handling.
5. The footpath dwellers, people engaged in serving eatables on the road

side must be directed to keep bins for their wastes.
6. The marriage halls, religious places and all such places which are
frequently used for serving food must keep containers for the disposal of
SW through private sweepers.
7. The vegetable and fruit markets produce large volumes of solid waste.
The local body should provide adequately sized bins for storage.
8. The disposal of construction wastes/ debris on the streets/open spaces

should not be permitted without prior approval of the concerned authority.
The authority must prescribe the rate per metric ton for the collection,
transportation and disposal of such wastes.
9. Treatment options
The biodegradable portion of the waste is considerably high as shown in

Fig-8.9. So, aerobic composting of SW after proper segregation will be
more appropriate. In selected locations especially in rural areas, Vermi-
Composting can also be recommended. The manure obtained by these

methods can be sold to the local public as fertilizer. Though costly,
sanitary land filling can also be practised at selected urban locations
where the recovery from the waste will be very high, serving minimum
ecological damage. It appears that the aerobic composting by Windrow
method may be a desirable option for the management of the solid
waste. The possibilities of generating energy from SW could be looked
into on an experimental basis.
10. Biomedical wastes and its management
Biomedical waste has been a growing concern because of the

awareness in public regarding HIV, AIDS and Hepatitis B and exposure
to discarded needles, syringes and other medical waste from municipal
garbage bins and disposal sites. The management of biomedical waste
turns important as it has serious bearing on the quality of human life. This
becomes more significant especially in the context of the recent trend of
establishing multi-specialty hospitals in urban centers. Biomedical waste
can be regarded as any waste generated during the diagnosis, treatment
or immunization of human beings or animals or produced due to activities
of biological research, human anatomical waste, animal waste,
microbiology and biotechnology waste, waste sharps, discarded
medicines and cytotoxic drugs, solid wastes, liquid waste, incineration
ash, chemical waste, etc. Medical wastes contain pathological waste
(such as human tissues such as limbs, organs, foetuses, blood and other
body fluids), infectious waste (soiled surgical dressing, swab material in
contact with persons or animals suffering from infectious diseases, waste
from isolation wards, cultures or stocks of infectious agents from
laboratory, dialysis equipment, apparatus and disposable gowns, aprons,
gloves, towels, etc.), sharps (any item that can cut or puncture such as
needles, scalpels, blades, saws, nails, broken glass, etc.),
pharmaceutical waste (drugs, vaccines, cytotoxic drugs and chemicals
returned from wards, outdated drugs, etc.), chemical waste (any
discarded solid, liquid or gaseous chemicals from laboratories, cleaning
and disinfection) etc.
If a small part of these infectious hospital wastes are mixed with other
hospital wastes or municipal solid wastes, the entire waste will have to be
treated as infectious. Segregation helps in reducing the total treatment
cost, stops general waste becoming infectious, reduces the chances of
infecting the Health Care Worker, etc. All these wastes after segregation
must be stored in colour coded containers. Infectious waste should be
disinfected before disposal. It has been observed that majority of the
hospitals, nursing homes, pathology laboratories and health care centres

located in these areas are not taking adequate measures for safe
disposal of their bio-medical wastes. These hospitals generate waste in
substantial quantities, which needs to be managed by the hospitals
themselves. Many large hospitals dispose of their mixed wastes within
the hospital premises, where waste remains unattended in the open for a
long time. Some hospitals and nursing homes have set up low-
temperature incineration plants for the disposal of wastes, which quite
often remain out of order as they are not managed and maintained
properly. Infectious and non-infectious wastes are generally not
segregated at source and instead the mixed (often wet) waste is taken to
the incineration plant in a very unhygienic manner. The system of
collection, transportation and disposal of bio-medical waste is thus not
scientifically designed and practiced in these areas.
11. Implementation of Bio-medical wastes (Management and

Handling) Rules, 1998
The Ministry of Environment and Forests issued the Bio-medical wastes

(Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 which were amended
subsequently. These rules provide for segregation, packaging,
transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of wastes generated by
hospitals, clinics and laboratories. Bio-medical wastes (BMW) have been
classified into various categories (Table-8.32) and the treatment and
disposal options for each of the categories are specified (Table-8.33).
The treatment and disposal should be in compliance with the standards
prescribed in Schedule V, which stipulates standards for incinerators
(operating and emission standards), for waste autoclaving, for liquid
waste, of micro waving and for deep burial. A schedule for
implementation of BMW rules has been laid down in Schedule VI.
Imposing segregated practices within hospitals to separate biological and
chemical hazardous wastes that will result in a clean solid waste stream,
which can be recycled easily. An Advisory Committee is to advise the
prescribed authority on the implementation of these Bio-medical wastes
(Management and Handling) Rules.
Table-8.32: Categories of Bio-Medical wastes
Waste
Waste Class Waste Description
Category
Waste consisting of human tissues, organs, body parts, body fluids, blood and
Human Anatomical
blood products and items saturated or dripping with blood, body fluids
No. l Wastes, blood and body
contaminated with blood and body fluids relieved during/after treatment,
fluids
surgery or autopsy or other medical procedures.
Waste consisting of animal tissues, organs, body parts, carcasses, bleeding,

fluid blood and blood products, items contaminated with blood and fluids,
No. 2 Animal Waste wastes from surgery treatment, and autopsy and wastes of experimental
animals used in research, Waste generated by veterinary hospitals, colleges,
animal houses and livestock farms.
Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks or specimens of micro-organisms, live

or attenuated vaccines, human and animal cell culture used in research and
No. 3 Microbiology
infectious agents from research and industrial laboratories, wastes and
production of biologicals, dishes and devices used for transfer of cultures
Wastes consisting of sharps such as needles, syringes, scalpels, blades,

No. 4 Waste Sharps glasses etc. those are capable of causing puncture and cuts. This includes
both used and unused sharps.
Waste containing highly infectious living and nonliving pathogens and

No. 5 Highly infectious wastes
exposure to it could cause disease.
Biological wastes from discarded materials contaminated with blood, excretion

No. 6 Isolated waste exudates or secretions from human and animals isolated due to communicable
diseases,
No.7 Discarded Medicines Wastes comprising of outdated, contaminated and discarded medicines,
No.8 Discarded Glass wares Wastes generated from glass-ware and equipments used.
Wastes generated from soiled cotton, dressings, liners, beddings including the
No.9 Soiled Waste
packaging materials.
No.10 Disposables Wastes generated from disposable items other than the waste sharps.
Wastes generated from laboratory and washing, cleaning, house-keeping and

No.11 Liquid wastes
disinfecting activities.
Wastes generated from activities involving genetically engineered organisms or

No.12 Biotechnology
products and their cultures not declared to be safe.
No.13 Slaughter House Wastes generated in the form of animal tissues, blood and body fluids.
No.14 Incineration wastes Ash from incineration of any Bio-medical wastes.
Source: Report of the high power committee, Urban Solid waste Management in India,
Planning Commission, Government of India, 1995.
Table-8.33: Treatment and Disposal options of Bio-Medical Wastes
Waste Class Treatment and Disposal Options
Human Anatomical Waste Disinfection and incineration/Burial

Animal Wastes Disinfection and burial
Micro-biology Disposal in special container
Dilution with disinfectant Disposal in special
Human blood and Body fluids
drains
Waste sharps Disposal in special containers and landfill
Special decontamination, packing in specially
Highly infectious wastes designed containers and final disposal on
secured landfill.
Secured landfill disposal after suitable
Isolated wastes
treatment.
Discarded medicines Incineration
Discarded glassware Decontamination, destruction
If infectious, to be disposed of as infectious
Soiled-waste waste, if no infectious to be disinfected and
disposed.
Packaging in appropriate containers and
Disposables
incineration, disposal on secured Landfill.
Liquid Wastes Disinfection and discharge in special drains.
Packaging in special containers and disposal
Bio-technology waste
on land.
Disinfection and disposal on land for solid and
Slaughter house waste.
treatment and discharge for liquid.
th
Source: The Gazette of India (extraordinary) no. 233 dated 25 April, 1995, New Delhi
8.4.2.4 Processing and Disposal of Solid Waste
The solid waste can be processed by composting, vermi-composting,

anaerobic digestion, sanitary land filling, incineration or any other
biological processing for stabilization of wastes. Since it contains a high
amount of biodegradable portion Fig-8.9 composting may be a cost-
effective option for processing. The process of microbial composting or
vermi-composting may be adopted with least mechanization to keep the
cost low, and to market the compost as fertilizers to adjoining villages. So
the concerned municipalities are duty bound to earmark minimum 20-50
acres of land to meet the requirement of solid waste treatment. The areas
of existing dumping yards can also be developed. The rejects from these
plants and domestic hazardous wastes may be carefully land-filled. The
bio-medical wastes may be disposed off as per the Bio-Medical Waste
Management and Handling Rules as described above.
A decentralized treatment system will be a more feasible option for solid

waste treatment. In recent times, there is a trend towards smaller,
manually operated composting plants at community level, initiated
primarily by citizens’ initiatives or nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
supported by many national and International nodal funding agencies. In
combination with primary waste collection, composting improves the
precarious waste situation in the communities, and residents become
less dependent on the poor municipal waste collection service.

Decentralized composting can be operated by an appropriate technology
and implemented at reduced investment and operating costs. Manual
composting in small, decentralized plants is more easily integrated in the
prevailing Indian level of development and socio-economic background,
as it requires labour-intensive processes. It will create employment
opportunities and a source of income to the underprivileged people in the
rural BDPA. Decentralized composting allows reuse of organic waste
where it is generated, thereby reducing waste quantities to be
transported as well as transport costs. This may drastically reduce the
overall cost of municipal solid waste treatment.
8.4.2.5 Proposals for solid waste treatment
Since the solid waste generation expected in BDPA at 2030 is very high,
providing compost treatment facilities for this huge quantum of wastes,
though essential, may not be practically possible in a single phase. So, it
is necessary to propose economically feasible, and technically viable,
solutions which can be implemented in a phased manner. The densely
populated urban areas of BDPA are to be given first priority in providing
the composting facilities for solid waste treatment. The areas, where
enough space is available, can practice the traditional disposal practices
like vermi-composting or open dumping under controlled conditions.
1. Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation
The solid waste production in BMC area would be around 1000 MT/d in
2030. The anticipated cost of a compost plant and landfills to process this
quantum of waste would be around 3000 lakhs. For other infrastructures
including the land site developments the requirement would be around
1500 lakhs. So, for treating the total 1000 MT/d of solid waste, the total
expenditure would be around 4500 lakhs (Table-8.34)
At present, dumping of the collected SW are being done in 8 different

locations of Bhubaneswar namely, Anne House Chhak (0.5 acres),
Bargarh (2 acres), Dumduma (0.25 acres), Behind Rajdhani College
(0.75 acres), Jharpada, Mali sahi (2.5 acres), Salia Sahi (10 acres),
Mancheshwar, Behind Kanchanjunga Appartment (1.5 acres), and
Chandrasekharpur. It is learned that 62 acres of land has been acquired
at village Bhuasuni under Chandaka police station by Bhubaneswar
Municipal Corporation for final dumping of municipal garbage. It will be
convenient to provide 4 solid waste treatment plants (SWTP1, SWTP2,
SWTP3 and SWTP4,) each of minimum 75 MT/d capacity, as shown in
Map-8.5. However, the Mancheshwar dumping ground (SWTP 5) may be

retained as such and be retained as a reserve for industrial solid waste or
biomedical waste treatment. It has been estimated that, on total around
81 hectares of land will be required in future, and hence more lands to be
acquired in continuity with the existing site at Bhuasuni dumping ground.
3. Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area
The total solid waste generation expected in BDPA would be 1500

MT/day as on 2030. It is always advisable to have decentralized compost
plants for effective implementation and better efficiency and can be
located as per local generation rates and availability of land. It is
advisable to provide controlled dumping sites plants at the municipal
areas of Khurda and Jatani Municipalities and practice of microbial
composting or vermi-composting for Bio-degradable waste can be
recommended for rural areas of BDPA.
The locations of the various Solid Waste Treatment Plants and disposal
sites are shown in Map-8.5. The tentative cost for the proposed Solid
Waste Management of BMC and other areas of the BDPA is given in
Table-8.34 and 8.35 respectively.
Table-8.34: The tentative costs of the proposed solid waste

management and treatment system at Bhubaneswar Municipal area
Costs
Sl.No Description of items
(crores)
1 Collection and storage 10.0
2 Transportation 5.0
3 Construction of 2 new compost plants (SWTP 1-2) 30.0
4 Cost of other infrastructure facilities 15.0
Total capital cost 60.00
Annual O&M costs 8.00
Table-8.35: Tentative cost estimate(in crores) of proposed

SWM and treatment systems in 2030 for BDP areas
BDPA
BDPA Khurda Jatani
Item BMC Total Cost
Rural (M) M)
(Crores)
Total capital costs 60.0 22.0 5.0 4.0 91.0
Add the cost towards the price escalation of materials@10% 6.0 2.2 0.5 0.4 9.1
Add the cost towards the price escalation of labour

6.0 2.2 0.5 0.4 9.1
charges@10%
BDP areas
72 26.4 6 4.8 109.2
Total Cost (Crores)
Annual O&M costs 5.0 3.5 0.75 0.50 9.75
4. Hazardous/bio-medical waste treatment
(i) The Notification from the Government of India, Ministry of Environment

dated 20th July 1998, which deals with the collection of Bio-Medical
wastes entrusts the liability of its disposal with the waste producer itself.
Thus the management of bio-medical waste is not the responsibility of
Municipalities. But, however, they can assist in the management of
biomedical wastes on a full cost recovery basis without sharing any legal
responsibilities.
(ii) It is advisable to have some hazardous/bio-medical facility for the

entire BDPA. The bio-medical wastes collected from spots can be stored
in selective transfer stations and can be transported to this central
treatment facility. If so desired, the authorities can formulate action plan
for implementing this plant through some competent agencies and can
suitably charge for the treatment and disposal of bio medical wastes. The
solid waste dumping sites closest to industrial sites will be a more
appropriate option.
5. Financial management plan
Any proposed solid waste management system will require provision of

financial resources for its smooth running. The financial requirements
vary substantially from year to year. However, since revenue instrument
cannot be made to adjust annual requirements it is proposed to raise the
financial sources through;
1. Introduction of SWM benefit tax / cess.
2. Loans especially for capital investments from appropriate agencies.
3. Effort should be made for encouraging private capital through Built-

Operate-Own (BOO), Built-Operate–Transfer (BOT), Built-Operate–
Lease-Transfer (BOLT) and other arrangements.
Social Infrastructure 9
Introduction
9.1 Introduction
Social and community infrastructure and services are provided in

response to the needs of communities. Major social policy concerns of
the Government include the provision of infrastructure services, fostering
Government and community partnerships, community capacity building,
integrated service delivery and social justice. The cost of delivering social
benefits is very high and constitutes a major proportion of the State
budget.
This is also a sector where involvement of the private sector has been
limited. To ensure substantial progress in the Government’s efforts in
promoting equality for all, the Government needs to focus on the
following aspects:
1. Providing basic human needs (including primary health care,

basic education, power and telecommunication).
2. Improved delivery of infrastructure services with emphasis on the
poor and building their capacity for sustenance.
3. Safe-guarding human rights and providing good governance.
4. Seeking private sector participation in development of areas like
tertiary education.
5. Building a clean and healthy environment.
BDPA, being an important delineated region in Orissa state, have 13.72

lakhs (2008) of living people who need education, who need health care
cannot be neglected by a civilized government. BMC, Khurda
Municipality and Jatani Municipality are not directly involved in the
planning of education or making of programmes for health institutions.
The Govt. of Orissa has its own department of education and health,
which prepare and execute plans for these services for the entire State
including areas covered by BDPA. However, there is one particular
aspect of social infrastructure planning in which involvement of all the
agencies are essential and unavoidable. That aspect is the aspect of
space i.e. the area allocation for education, healthcare, recreation and
other such social infrastructural facilities. In BDPA, data and studies
indicate that social infrastructure has scope of improvement, both
quantitatively and qualitatively.
9.2 Education
One of the prime components of social infrastructure is education and

directly affects the ‘level of living’ and the ‘quality of life’ of its people.
197
9 Social Infrastructure
Education
Further, education is an extremely important indicator of social

development, since higher level of growth is generally believed to be
driven by innovation, which is in turn driven primarily by the level of
education.
9.2.1 Present Educational Facilities in BDPA

The average literacy rate in BDPA (85.3) is higher than the District (63.1),
State or National average figures (As per Census, 2001) BMC has the
highest rate of literacy (87.4%) in BDPA, whereas the literacy rate among
men is quite high when compared to the females. The literacy rate
among the women in the rural blocks of BDPA needs to be improved
significantly along with the infrastructural facilities. Awareness regarding
the importance of education at all levels is quite high as evident from the
age group wise literacy rate found in socioeconomic survey on education
2006.Bhubaneswar has good educational facilities at all levels including
specialised training institutes at regional and national level. But the rural
pockets of BDPA lack in secondary and higher secondary educational
facilities Chandrasekharpur (Planning Zone 13) can well be called the
Institutional Corridor of the BDPA region with the maximum concentration
of educational institutions as shown in Map 9.1. Some of the institutions
present are KIIT University, KIIT School of Management, Silicon Institute
of Technology (SIT), Patia College of Science, Sai International School,
MIT School of Biotechnology, College of Engineering Bhubaneswar
(COEB), Koustav Institute of Self Domain (KISD), Maharishi Women’s
College, Sainik School, Polytechnic College of Bhubaneswar, Institute of
Life Sciences, Loyola School, Institute of Physics, Utkal University,
University Law College, Indira Gandhi Institute of Pharmacy and Biju
Patnaik College. Also, there are a number of schools concentrated within
this planning zone. Map 9.2 shows the concentration of the educational
facilities in the Bhubaneswar New Town. Schools like St. Joseph’s High
School, Capital High School, and colleges like the Rajdhani College,
Capital Law College, City Women’s College, School of Hotel
Management, ITER, SOA University, B.Ed College, Maharishi College,
Kamla Nehru Women’s College, etc. fall under this zone. Map 9.3 shows
the College of Engineering and Technology and Kendriya Vidyalaya-II in
Planning Zone 20, Aigania. Map 9.4 shows the locations of BJB College,
Ram Krishna Mission High School, St. Xavier’s School, Ekamra College,
Ayurvedic College, etc. Tamando (Planning Zone 21) has the C.V.
Raman College campus. Moreover, Sijua Ranasinghpur of this region
has already been earmarked by AIIMS for their new medical college and
hospital campus (Map 9.5).
Education
9.2.2 Suggested Policies and Strategies for Education
Some important measures to be taken up by appropriate authority to

transform BDPA into an important educational hub are:
A) Capacity Building
1. Taking into consideration the future population, expediting
release of land for setting up of 5-6 high quality day schools in
the model of DPS.
2. Formation of teachers’ training institute for improvement in the

qualification and experience of the teachers at all levels,
especially the secondary and higher secondary level. Otherwise
with such a high teacher’s student ratio present education in the
secondary and higher secondary level would become ineffective.
3. Augmentation of infrastructural support such as text books,

furniture, storage in classrooms, playgrounds, libraries,
laboratories etc; with a stress on extra-curricular and recreational
activities especially in the primary sections. Introduction of mid-
day meal would enhance the effort in this direction.
B) Quality of Education
The supply of skilled man power is the key factor in the process of
managing the future urban development for which it is important to
develop new initiatives in management training as a part of management
of education and various capacity building measures outside the formal
education and training system to provide the adequate skill required for
running operation and maintenance of various civic institutions. Also for
specialised institutions higher level bodies such as AICTE, Medical
Council of India etc. need to be involved in the process for upgradation of
the current training system.
C) Administrative Reforms
1. The Government can play a proactive role in human resource
development by laying down policies, providing the funds for their
implementation and setting up the relevant institutions wherever
necessary. The Government should work very closely with the
private and public sector to form an advisory committee
comprising representatives from all concerned authorities and
form up-to-date courses only to ensure that its education and
training system would meet the tertiary needs, now and in the
future.
2. Close collaboration with foreign governments and MNCs’ in the

development of various training courses could form part of the
199
Education
Government’s HRD policy. The Government, along with National

Productivity Council, Technical Education Board, AICTE, Medical
Council of India and other appropriate organizations should also
develop extensive programs to upgrade the skills of the existing
workforce under the overall guidance of experienced and well
qualified overseas personnel especially from countries like South
East Asia, Australia etc. Only then could we identify their best
practices and suitably modify them for developing the present
education and training system.
3. The Government could promote the adoption of the city’s

municipal schools by NGOs and communities to reduce drop out
rates (e.g. Karnataka, Vietnam).
D) Adequate and appropriate Space Allocation

Ample space and healthy environment for educational and institutional
facilities pay dividends in the form of better attitudes and positive mindset
in the students, thus resulting in greater productivity. Thus, to serve the
region as well as state, a clear cut policy guideline is required to be
incorporated for earmarking areas for various professional/ educational
institutions, research centres and training institutes those would serve the
region as well as state. These institutions may be set up in suitable
locations, as shown in Map 9.5.
9.2.3 Future Requirements for Education
Based on the recommended norms specified by the UDPFI guidelines, as

summarized in Table-9.1, the assessment of existing and future
requirements of facilities and recommended area for education has been
done in Table 9.2. The requirements have been categorized by the
different levels of education and indicated by the additional number of
educational facilities and respective areas required.
Table 9.1: Recommended UDPFI Guidelines for Educational facilities
Recommended area ( In hectares)

Level of Population Student
Education per facility Strength
Total
Building Playground
area
Primary
5,000 500 0.2 0.2 0.4
High +
Higher 7,500 1000 0.6 1.0 1.6
Secondary
College 1,25,000 1500 2.2 1.8 4.0
Specialised
5,00,000 500 2.2 1.8 4.0
Institution
Education
Chandrasekharpur has been earmarked for the proposed Knowledge

city. Moreover, this planning zone already has an Institutional Corridor
with the maximum number of educational institutions and a parallel
support system for it.
Aigania (Planning Zone 20) has been found suitable for development of
international level research centres and institutions like the Non-
conventional Energy Research Centre, Rare Forest Species (flora &
fauna) Conservation and Research Centre, Biotech Park, Solar Energy
Park, etc. Besides this, Multimedia and Animation Graphics Centre,
Institute of Fashion Technology, Institute of Catering Technology,
Industrial Training Institutes etc. and the new institutes like the Indian
Institute Information Technology, Institute of Judicial Science etc. can
preferably be allocated here, as shown in Map 9.5.
Land allocations for such high level training institutions and research
centers have also been made in Gangapada (Planning Zone 22)
Table 9.2: Zone wise existing and future (2030) no. of facilities and their area requirement for
educational facilities
Middle School
+
University/ College +
Primary School Secondary School
Tech
+
Senior Secondary
Level of
Requiremen
Requiremen
Requiremen
Education
Additional
Additional
Additional
additional
additional
additional
Required
Required
Required
Facilities
Facilities
facilities
facilities
facilities
facilities
t (in ha.)
t (in ha.)
t (in ha.)
existing
existing
existing
(2006)
(2030)
(2006)
(2030)
(2006)
(2030)
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
Area
Area
Area
Bharatpur 4 - - 2 1 1.6 1 - -
Chandrasekharpur 43 97 38.8 32 61 97.6 42 - -
Sribantapur 10 - - 5 2 3.2 3 - -
East Kuakhai 2 42 16.8 1 28 44.8 2 1 4
Sisupal 14 22 8.8 5 19 30.4 1 - -

Bhubaneswar New
58 32 12.8 35 25 40 42 - -
Town
Old Bhubaneswar 23 7 2.8 15 5 8 9 - -
Dhauli 6 - - 4 - - 3 - -
Aigania 8 52 20.8 4 36 57.6 2 - -
Tamando 31 69 27.6 12 55 88 21 - -
Gangapada 12 22 4 3 12 19.2 0 1 4
Khurda 20 10 4 8 12 19.2 20 - -
Barunei 7 - - 4 - - 2 - -
Jatani 29 - - 15 2 3.2 14 - -
Total BDPA 267 333 133.2 145 256 409.6 162 2 8
Source: Socio-economic Survey, SPARC, 2006
201
Health Care
9.3 Health Care
To ensure the progress of any region, it is important that its citizens are
healthy and have access to adequate health infrastructure.
9.3.1 Present Health care Facilities in BDPA
The existing scenario indicates a greater access of city dwellers to better

health facilities than the rural population who need to travel long
distances to avail the Govt. health services. Although awareness about
health and hygiene among the population has increased over the years,
and many private healthcare facilities are coming up, the Government
health facilities are yet to be upgraded to match today’s health service
demands or standards. Government healthcare facilities in BDPA
urgently need to be augmented with more sophisticated medical
equipments, implementing waste disposal autoclave, setting up
drugstores and purchase more no. of ambulances.
Existing important health facilities within BDPA are mostly concentrated

in Chandrasekharpur and Bhubaneswar New Town Zone. Some of them
are Kalinga Hospital, Hemalata Cancer Hospital, Bhubaneswar Eye
Institute, Neelachal Hospital, Care Hospital, Government Hospital, Unit-
VI, Asian Hospital and Research Center, ESI Hospital, Apollo Hospital all
belong to the Chandrasekharpur planning zone (Map 9.1). Apex Hospital,
Police Hospital, Saheednagar Hospital, Government Hospital, Unit-IV,
etc. are located within Bhubaneswar New Town zone (Map 9.2).
In Socio-economic Survey 2006 by SPARC, it is found that the 73

hospitals and health care facilities are located in the BDPA where both
the urban and rural people flock in large numbers to avail themselves of
the outdoor and indoor facilities and for the preventive and curative
treatment. There are 111 nursing homes in the BDPA. An account of the
existing health facilities in BDPA is presented in Table 9.4, along with the
future requirement in terms of number of additional facilities, land
required.
Sijua and Ransinghpur mouzas in Tamando zone have been proposed

for ‘Health City’ as the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
campus is also coming up in that area (Map 9.5).This ‘health city’ will
offer specialised quality healthcare and cover all aspects from disease
prevention, management to wellness and research. It could also include
institutes for heart diseases, cancer, orthopaedics, emergency, cosmetic
surgery, etc.
Health Care
9.3.2 Future requirements for health facilities

The assessment of future requirements for healthcare has been done
based on the recommended norms specified by the UDPFI guidelines, as
specified in Table 9.3. The additional number of beds required along with
additional land requirement is given in Table 9.4. The approximate fund
requirement for 2030 is shown in Table 9.12.
Table 9.3: Recommended UDPFI Guidelines for Healthcare Facilities
Number of Area requirement ( in hectares)

Type of Population
Beds per
Facility served Hospital Residential Total
facility
General
250,000 500 4.0 2.0 6.0
Hospital
Intermediat
e 100,000 200 2.7 1.0 3.7
hospital(A)
Intermediat
e hospital 100,000 80 0.6 0.4 1.0
(B)
Polyclinic 100,000 - - - 0.2-0.3
Nursing
45,000 –
home/ 25-30 - - 0.2-0.3
100,000
Maternity
Dispensary 15,000 - - - 0.08-0.12
Table 9.4: No. of existing Healthcare Facilities (2006) and additional requirement of facilities and
recommended areas for 2030
Hospital and Health care Nursing Home
Zone name No. of No. of

No. of Additional No. of
additional additional Additional
existing Area existing
facilities facilities Area
facilities Requirement facilities
Required Required Requirement
(2006) (in Ha.) (2006)
(2030) (2030)
Bharatpur 2 - - 0 1 0.3
Chandrasekharpur 8 9 54 25 - -
Sribantapur 5 - - 8 - -
East Kuakhai 1 4 24 0 5 1.5
Sisupal 2 3 18 2 2 0.6
Bhubaneswar New
24 - - 38 - -
Town
Old Bhubaneswar 3 2 12 7 - -
Dhauli 1 - - 3 - -
Aigania 4 3 18 1 6 1.8
Tamando 5 7 42 4 7 2.1
Gangapada 0 3 18 0 3 0.9
Khurda 6 - - 4 - -
Barunei 3 - - 0 1 0.3
Jatani 9 - - 19 - -
BDPA Total 73 31 186 111 25 7.5
Source: Socio-economic Survey, SPARC, 2006
203
Health Care
9.3.3 Suggested Policies and strategies for health facilities

A) Capacity Building
1. The average number of beds in the hospitals and health centers
in BDPA is presently sufficient as per UDPFI recommended
guidelines of 2 beds per 1000 population. In future these norms
should be extended in rural areas also, since the major
concentration of health institutions are mostly in the urban area.
2. There is an immediate need to increase the number of qualified

doctors as well as the para-medical staff.
3. There is an immediate need for upgrading all basic and

diagnostic equipments in all primary health centers and sub-
centers mainly in the rural areas which lack these facilities.
B) Community based approach

1. The motto for tomorrow’s health care should be “help at the
doorstep”. Preventive practices coupled with medical help
provided by community health officers will ensure that the
number of patients with critical diseases will decrease. All
categories of citizens are to be brought under the medical
insurance coverage to avail the facilities in the major hospitals.
2. The strategy for community based approach will be to increase

the participation of the people, especially womenfolk in semi-
urban, industrial and rural areas. A system of health card has to
be introduced for each individual by the NGO’s and CBO’s.
3. Introduce a system of appropriate user fees in all the state-run

hospitals without withdrawing the sanctioned fund.
C) Public Private Partnership

1. Encourage public–private partnership in the creation of new
kinds of hospitals for ensuring specialized kinds of medical
facilities for the people at large.
2. The private sector in healthcare should cater to the referral

hospital like that of VMC, Tata memorial etc. while improving the
medical equipment and laboratories. However some form of
cross subsidy may be worked out so that the private sector could
provide services to people at more affordable prices.
Other Social Infrastructural Facilities
D) Raising the level of medical services

New trends of health care services such as tele-medicine, setting up of
health intranet, patient information centre through internet, and related
computerization should be actively encouraged in the BDPA region.
9.4 Other Social Infrastructural facilities
Other facilities which form an integral part of social infrastructure are

Telecommunication, Financial Institutions, Postal Services, Fire Services,
Recreation facilities, parks and playgrounds, etc.
9.4.1 Existing Scenario of other Social Infrastructural facilities in

BDPA
In BDPA, other social infrastructural facilities again are concentrated

within Bhubaneswar city.
Map 9.1 and Map 9.2 are showing Telephone Exchange is located in
Chandrasekharpur zone and Telephone Bhawan in Bhubaneswar New
Town zone.
The commercial banks already functioning in the BDPA are State Bank of
India, UCO Bank, Union Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, NABARD,
Allahbad Bank, etc. When compared with the UDPFI Guidelines, the
number of financial institutions (10000 per facility) is satisfactory in urban
area where as in rural areas the number is below satisfactory level.
Postal services in BDPA are satisfactory in terms of number of post

offices and telegraph offices with respect to the population served per
post office as per UDPFI Guidelines, which suggests 15000 populations
per post office.
The five existing Fire stations serving the BDPA are located in
Chandrasekharpur, Baramunda, Kalpana Square (Bhubaneswar new
town) and one each in Khurda and Jatani municipalities.
The present condition of facilities for active and passive recreation is very
poor in terms of standard infrastructure and land allotments for the
purpose. Amenities such as cinema halls, auditoriums and stadia in the
entire BDPA are not uniformly distributed and in extremely poor state
when compared to standards. There also seems to be a disparity in
neighbourhood level facilities such as parks, libraries, and sports clubs
for indoor and outdoor recreation, community halls etc. in the entire
BDPA.
205
9.4.2 Assessment of Future requirements for other Social

Infrastructural facilities in BDPA
The requirements have been indicated by the additional number of

facilities, additional land requirement and approximate fund requirements.
All the above social infrastructural facilities have to be located within the
prescribed institutional land use in BDPA to cater to the future population.
Hence appropriate space or land at prescribed locations need to be kept
reserved for accommodating modern infrastructural facilities, all leading
to raising the quality of life of the people of Orissa. The walking distance
and population served by the type of facility, as per UDPFI guidelines is
given in Table 9.5.
Table 9.5: Recommended UDPFI Guidelines for Telecommunications, Postal Services and Fire Service
Type of Facility Walking Distance Population threshold

Telecommunication - 10 lines per 100 population
Postal Services - 1 post office per 15000 population
Fire Service <3 km 1 fire station for 2 lakh population
Commercial/Cooperative Bank 1.6 – 3 km 10000
Recreational Hall (cinema/auditorium) .5 – 1.6 km 20000
Stadium/ Sports Complex - 2 lakhs
Overall city level open space 10-12 sq.mt. per person
Table 9.6 (A): Future requirement of Telecommunications, Postal Services and Fire Service in BDPA
Zone name
Telecomm- Postal Services Fire Service
unications
No. of No. of
No. of No. of
additional additional Additional
No. of existing existing
facilities facilities Area
Facilities Facilities Facilities
Required Required Requirement
(2006) (2006)
(2030) (2030)
Bharatpur 200 2 - - - -
Chandrasekharpur 7000 12 35 1 3 4
Sribantapur 500 11 - 0 - -
East 2200 2 13 0 1 1
Sisupal 1800 6 6 0 1 1
Bhubaneswar New
4500 45 - 2 - 2
Town
Old Bhubaneswar 1500 8 2 0 1 1
Dhauli 200 2 - 0 - -
Aigania 3000 4 16 0 2 2
Tamando 5000 11 22 0 3 3
Gangapada 1100 3 4 0 1 1
Khurda 1500 17 - 1 - 1
Barunei 200 7 - 0 - -
Jatani 1300 12 - 1 - 1
BDPA 30000 142 98 5 12 17
Table 9.6 (B): Future requirement of Commercial/ Cooperative Banks, Recreational Hall (Cinema/ Auditorium)
and Parks and playgrounds in BDPA
Commercial/ Recreational Hall (Cinema/

Cooperative Bank Auditorium) Parks and playgrounds
No. of No. of Additional

Zone name No. of No. of No. of
additional additional
existing existing existing Area
facilities facilities
Facilities Facilities Facilities Requireme
Required Required
(2006) (2006) (2006) nt (in Ha.)
(2030) (2030)
Bharatpur 1 1 1 - 3 20
Chandrasekharpur 29 41 1 34 41 700
Sribantapur 10 - 2 1 7 50
East 2 20 0 11 1 220
Sisupal 8 10 0 9 3 180
Bhubaneswar New
33 12 9 14 25 450
Town
Old Bhubaneswar 15 - 4 4 12 150
Dhauli 2 - 0 1 2 20
Aigania 3 27 0 15 4 300
Tamando 9 41 3 22 20 500
Gangapada 3 8 4 2 5 110
Khurda 18 - 5 3 15 150
Barunei 7 - 0 1 3 20
Jatani 11 2 6 1 20 130
BDPA 151 149 35 118 161 3000
Table 9.6 (C): Future requirement of Community Hall & Library and Music, Dance &
Drama Centre in BDPA
Community Hall and Library Music, Dance and Drama Centre

No. of Additional No. of Additional
Zone name No. of No. of
additional additional
existing Area existing Area
facilities facilities
facilities Requireme facilities Requireme
Required Required
(2006) nt (in Ha.) (2006) nt (in Ha.)
(2030) (2030)
Bharatpur 5 - - 1 - -
Chandrasekharpur 47 - - 0 7 0.7
Sribantapur 0 3 0.6 7 - -
East Kuakhai 0 15 3 0 2 0.2
Sisupal 4 8 1.6 1 1 0.1
Bhubaneswar New
20 10 2 10 - -
Town
Old Bhubaneswar 15 - - 5 - -
Dhauli 3 - - 0 - -
Aigania 15 5 1 0 3 0.3
Tamando 26 7 1.4 0 5 0.5
Gangapada 7 - - 0 1 0.1
Khurda 33 - - 4 - -
Barunei 16 - - 0 - -
Jatani 28 - - 7 - -
Total BDPA 219 48 9.6 35 19 1.9
207
Power
9.5 Power
9.5.1 Present Scenario in BDPA
Energy is the prime mover of economic growth and is vital to sustaining a

modern economy and society. Orissa is the first state to privatize power
supply distribution in India. The whole state is divided into four zones.
BCUC falls under Central Electricity Supply Utility (CESU). Source of
power to BCUC is from Power Grid Corporation of India ltd (PGCIL),
NTPC, OPGC, OHPC, Independent power producers and captive plants.
Supply of power to Bhubaneswar city and its surrounding areas is from
three grids i.e. Chandaka, Mancheswar and Ranasinghpur. Bhubaneswar
has three Electrical divisions - BCDD-I, BCDD-II and BED. Khurda Grid
receives power from Chandaka and Narendrapur. It has the capacity of
3x40 MVA. Per capita consumption of power is 200 units per household
in BDPA. From the Socio-economic survey, it is observed that almost
90% of household in urban area and 75% household in rural area have
electricity.Percentage of households having electricity connection, total
consumers in urban areas, and catergory of consumers is shown in
Table 9.7, Table 9.8, Table 9.9 and Table 10.10.
The various zones in the BDPA region are served by powerhouses at

Gopabandhunagar and Kapilaprasad, Grid stations at Kesora (Sisupal)
and a number of substations at Patia, Chandrasekharpur, Gadakana,
Kalingavihar (Tamando), Khasmahal (Jatani) and Radhamohanpur
(Khurda). Location of existing Main Power Line and substations are
shown in Map-9.6.
From the Table 9.7 it is observed that,
1. Even in municipal areas, the newly developed areas of BMC,

which represent Stratum-3 in our study area, have only 87.32%
of total households with electricity connection.
2. There exist a wide range of variations in the percentage of

household having electricity in the BDPA region. It is observed
that all households of Jatani Municipality have electricity
connection.
Table 9.7: Percentage of Households having Electricity
BDA Khurda Jatani

Bhubaneswar MC BDPA
Rural (M) (M)
Stratum 1 2 3 6 8 9
Percentage 91.94 91.12 87.32 77.73 94.55 100.00 90.58
Power
Table 9.8: Total Consumers in BCUC
Total Households Total Consumers Percentage
BMC 167347 148647 89

CMC 126531 78870* 62
Khurda (M) 8163 6973 85
Jatani (M) 14286 9758 68
Table 9.9: Category of Consumers in Bhubaneswar
Sl.
no Category BCDD-I BCDD-II BED
1 Domestic 33302 51080 41152
2 General Purpose Supply 8383 5644 10229
3 Small Industries 248 491 277
4 Medium Industries 135 290 169
5 Large Industries 107 138 50
6 Public Institution 282 191 188
7 Others 28 116 147
Total 42485 57950 48212
Energy input (in MU) 22.384 28.843 28.327
Table 9.10: Category of Consumers in Khurda Electrical Division
Sl.
Category Khurda Jatani Janla Harirajpur Total
No
1 Domestic 5731 6331 2699 2201 16962
2 General Purpose Supply 1073 902 236 136 2347
3 Small Industries 41 70 24 10 145
4 Medium Industries 63 26 12 1 102
5 Large Industries 12 5 14 3 34
6 Public Institution 36 44 21 13 114
7 Others 17 5 13 11 46
Total 6973 7383 3019 2375 19750
Energy input (in MU) 3.375 2.560 0.955 0.965 5.875
Source: CESU, KED Khurda
9.5.3 Future Demand
As per UDPFI Guidelines, based on the requirements of power supply as

per the Master Plan of Delhi, the consumption works out to be about 2
Kilo Volt Ampere (KVA) per household at the city level and includes
domestic, commercial, industrial and other requirements. Table 9.11
shows the zone wise electricity demand for 2011, 2021 and 2031.
Table 9.11 shows the present number of 11 KV substations (2008) and
future requirement (2030) for BDPA.
209
Power
Table 9.11: Zone wise Electricity Demand
2008 2011 2021 2031

Electricity Electricity Electricity Electricity
Household Household Household Household
Zone name in MVA in MVA in MVA in MVA
Bharatpur 1489 2.98 2222 4.44 3333 6.67 4444 8.89

Chandrasekharpur 106333 212.67 77333 154.67 116444 232.89 155556 311.11
Sribantapur 8444 16.89 8444 16.89 9778 19.56 11111 22.22
East Kuakhai 4444 8.89 18000 36.00 33556 67.11 48889 97.78
Sisupal 10800 21.60 19333 38.67 29556 59.11 40000 80.00
Bhubaneswar New
Town 87111 174.22 81778 163.56 90889 181.78 100000 200.00
Old Bhubaneswar 22222 44.44 23556 47.11 28444 56.89 33333 66.67
Dhauli 2178 4.36 2667 5.33 3556 7.11 4444 8.89
Aigania 15556 31.11 27333 54.67 46889 93.78 66667 133.33
Tamando 11267 22.53 40889 81.78 76000 152.00 111111 222.22
Gangapada 4000 8.00 10000 20.00 17333 34.67 24444 48.89
Khurda 13111 26.22 16889 33.78 25111 50.22 33333 66.67
Barunei 2422 4.84 2889 5.78 3778 7.56 4444 8.89
Jatani 15556 31.11 18222 36.44 23556 47.11 28889 57.78
Total BDPA 304933 609.87 349333 69867 508000 1016.00 666667 1333.33
Table 9.12: Present number of 11 KV substations (2008) and future

requirement (2030) for BDPA
11 KV Sub-station
Zone name No. of existing No. of additional facilities
Facilities (2006) Required (2030)
Bharatpur 1 -
Chandrasekharpur 9 38
Sribantapur 0 3
East 0 15
Sisupal 1 11
Bhubaneswar New
8 22
Town
Old Bhubaneswar 0 10
Dhauli 0 1
Aigania 0 20
Tamando 2 31
Gangapada 0 7
Khurda 3 7
Barunei 0 2
Jatani 4 5
BDPA 28 172
9.5.2 Bottlenecks
Bottlenecks or Impediments in the distribution system
1. Loss of power and Old network system along with power theft
are important bottlenecks in efficient distribution.
2. Old transmitting lines in the core areas of municipalities with

inadequate safety measures sometimes result in power supply
breakdown and loss of life and property.
Power
3. Due to haphazard unplanned growth of settlements in other

municipalities such as Khurda, Jatani and other rural areas, there
is loss of power due to increase in length of supply lines.
4. Lack of adequate land available for location of transformers in

some places result in locating transformer by the side of the
roads and may result in significant loss of life and property in
case of accidents. Capacity constraint of transformers results in
low voltage supply in core areas and fringe areas.
9.5.4 Vision for Development of Electricity generation and

distribution
1. Access to electricity from 90% now to 100% in future for all

household in BDA by 2011
2. Power cuts should be drastically reduced by 2011
3. Establishment of a long-term planning mechanism of power

sector operations based on a detailed sector reform roadmap, a
long-term power system master plan, and a sector-wise capacity
building programme.
4. Provision of open space (1/2 acre) for accommodation of future

substations should be kept at every 3 km distance in a distributed
manner.
5. Promotion of private sector participation and public-private

partnerships in power generation and distribution
6. 100% metering and MIS for reduction of T&D losses
7. Cabled LT supply wires help in prevention of hooking and power

theft. Control of electric meter in the hand of the distribution
authority to prevent illegal tampering.
8. Power tariff should be suitably modified for raising the revenue to

be used for modern development of power infrastructure.
9.5.5 Power Generation Technologies from Renewable Sources
In BCUC there is huge potential for power generation from renewable

energy sources, such as wind, biomass and solar energy. Special
emphasis is to be given for the generation of grid quality power from
renewable sources of energy. The renewable energy power sector
includes:
• Wind Energy
• Solar Energy
• Biomass Energy
• Biomass Gasifier
• Energy from waste
211
Power
9.5.6 Renewable Energy at Local Government Level
Various instruments exist with the Indian local Governments that can be
used for promoting use of Renewable Energy in local urban
developments.
Legal
Local Authority can use legal instruments for Renewable Energy by

amending existing byelaws or by making new laws promoting Renewable
Energy. A model regulation / building bye law for making installation of
solar assisted water heating system mandatory in various categories of
new buildings will go a long way in energy conservation.
Fiscal and financial incentives
To promote Renewable Energy, local Government can also adopt the

strategy of providing incentives. These incentives can be financial and
fiscal in nature. For Example Municipal Corporation can introduce an
incentive of 10% cut in property tax for those who install solar water
heating systems.
Persuasive (organizing awareness programme etc.)
To accelerate development and deployment of Renewable Energy

programme at local level, local government can organize awareness and
training programmes. It can organize workshops for prospective users
such as housing societies, builders, developers and architects. Banks are
also coming forward with interest free loans.
Demonstration projects
Some pilot projects can be implemented demonstrating renewable

energy and energy efficiency. Large scale use of solar energy for water
heating, power traffic lights, and hoardings will result in cost and energy
saving. It will also generate confidence among the public for use of
Renewable energy and energy efficient technology.
9.6 Investment Proposal
The capital investment requirements for the construction of various

infrastructural facilities discussed here are based on adhoc construction
prices. Thus, tentative figures for the capital investment requirement have
been computed. However, this may not reflect the actual fund outlays
required in the next three decades. The tentative cost estimate for
educational facilities is rupees 1123 crores; for health care facilities,
rupees 1300 crores, and for other infrastructures, rupees 887 crores.
Investment Proposal
Table 9.13: Tentative Cost Estimate (In Crores) of Proposed Social

BDPA
Additional No. of
Type of Facility Total Cost
Facilities required
(Crores)
Primary School 333 333
Middle School + Secondary School+ Senior
Educational 256 768
Secondary School
College, University + Prof. Tech. Institute 2 22
591 1123
Hospital 31 1240
Health
Nursing home 25 60
56 1300
Telecommunication - 100
Postal Service 98 50
Fire Service 12 12
Commercial/Cooperative Bank 149 450
Others Recreational Hall (Cinema/Auditorium) 118 100
Parks and Playground 3000 (Area in Ha) 75
Community hall and Library 48 25
Music dance and Drama Center 19 25
11 KV Substation 28 50
472 887
Total 1119 3310
213
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Culture, Recreation and Tourism 10
Introduction
10.1 Introduction
The entire BDPA region is endowed with varied types of natural assets
along with the rich cultural heritage and the marvelous architectural
edifices of the glorious kingdom of Kalinga. All these intricately
interwoven numerous aspects of the BDPA region enhance the
potentialities of the region for its development on the cultural, recreational
and the tourism fronts. A detail study of the individual zones and their
inherent potentials and assets has helped to conceptualise the
Fig. 10.1: Famous Odissi Dance development of each zone. The implementation of the well defined
Recital policies as well as the detail proposals which have been discussed below
will not only uplift the BDPA region on the national and international
platform but also help to generate revenue which can contribute
positively towards the regional development.
10.2 Policies on Cultural Development for BDPA
BDPA Region offers a rich cultural heritage with Ekamra Khetra being the
heart of the cultural capital over the centuries. Planning for Cultural
Development for BDPA must be attended through the augmentation of
existing cultural facilities in distributed urban centres throughout the
planning area.
Proposals for Propagation and Development of Culture are:

Fig. 10.2: Traditional “Jhotie” in 1. Promotion of Traditional Fairs and Festivals through government
Raghurajpur
and NGOs so as to generate awareness among the new
generation towards cultural heritage and inviting cultural tourism.
2. Setting up of ‘Utkal Sanskriti Prangan’, a representational centre

of traditional art and culture, craft, cuisine and living style, fair
and festivals of Orissa at Bhubaneswar.
3. Development of Traditional Art Villages (paper, cloth, silver,

pottery) in the lines of ‘Arts Acre’ in the peri-urban areas of
Bhubaneswar.
4. Udaygiri-Khandagiri Cultural complex/ Heritage interpretation

centre near Khandagiri with Day Service facilities.
5. From Garakana to Sisupal Garh, navigational facility with

seasonal or festive boat ride may be encouraged in outdoor
recreation through Gangua Nallah with provision of bypass
channels/ lagoons in certain sluice locations.
Fig. 10.3: Applique Work of
Pipili 6. Identifying suitable permanent locations for observation and
celebration of cultural activities such as Ekamra Utsav, Kalinga
Mahotsav, and Khurda Utsav etc. Formulation of development
guidelines of these locations.
10 Culture, Recreation and Tourism
Policies on Development of Culture
7. Documentation, Training, Research and Development Centre for

Paika Akhara Martial Art, Palla, Daskathia, Ghuduki, and other
Traditional Folk and Performing Arts Centre at Khurda for
regional and international tourists.
8. Textile Parks with cottage, small and medium scale industries for
local specialized Weaving Art and Gamucha Industry at Khurda.
10.3 Policies on Development of Recreation

Recreation is any physical or psychological revitalization through the
voluntary pursuit of leisure time. It is an activity which is relaxing to
people and provides diversions from their normal routine. Generally there
are four types of recreation. These are:
Revitalisation: restoration and enhancement of mental and physical

health.
Play: relaxation and exercise Fig. 10.4: Rabindra Mandap:

State Level Auditorium at
Adventure: excitement and challenge Bhubaneswar
Education: organized and incidental
City level recreational facilities are of two types. Indoor facilities consist of
libraries, clubs, cinema hall, auditorium, multiplex, art and craft centre,
shopping malls, food courts, cyber cafés, gymnasium etc. Outdoor
recreation facilities consist of gardens, parks, play grounds, golf courses,
zoo, botanical garden, race course, stadium, exhibition ground, water
sports complex, green ways, bike ways, forest camping sites etc.
With the rise of young employed professionals and rise of disposable

income, there is a demand for varied forms of international level
recreational facilities.
BDPA offers varied forms of indoor and outdoor recreational facilities.

The region, having large river fronts, hills, reserve forest, heritage and
cultural resources and a planned capital city offers great potential for
development of recreational facilities and services (Map 10.1).
Proposals for Augmentation and Development of Recreational Facilities

of BDPA are:
1. Development of commercial zones for multiplex, retail malls and

theme parks for outdoor recreation.
2. Eco-sensitive Development of low-lying areas in the south

eastern side of Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation near old Fig .10.5: Shanti Stupa at
Dhauli
town area can be used for the development of eco-sensitive
activities such as Heritage Parks, Theme Parks, Orchards,
Herbal Gardens, Yoga Centres, low density tourist resorts etc.
216 Department of Architecture & Regional Planning,, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Policies on Development of
Recreation
3. Urban Parkway System: connecting various parks with

landscaped structures along major circulation corridors at
Bhubaneswar.
4. Theme Park on Buddhism, i.e. Buddha Park/ Peace Park at

Dhauli Bhubaneswar.
5. World Class Club Town at Mundali Planning Zone of BDPA.
6. Conservation and Development of Daya River and other

historical water bodies for Historical or Heritage Interpretation
Activities like landscaped sculpture gardens, peace park, light
and sound programme, which would generate an awareness
towards historical importance of the place among the local mass
and tourists along with providing outdoor recreation.
7. Development of Nature Corridors to provide a feel of flora and

fauna in the urban setup.
8. Exploring PPP mode for augmentation and development of

facilities and services at Nandankanan Zoo. Publicity campaign
is required to check the rate of decline of visitors to this place.
Fig. 10.6: Nandankanan: 9. Adaptive reuse of old colonial bungalows for conversion to club
Zoological Park at houses and libraries at Jatani.
Bhubaneswar
10. Picturesque, picnic/ outdoor recreational area with
mountaineering, sky diving facilities, camping sites, etc. can be
developed at Barunei hills, near Barunei temple and at Garh
Khurda.
11. Adaptive reuse of abandoned stone quarries and low-lying areas

can be planned for recreational development with creative
landscape design (both trees and shrubbery), water bodies as
catchments reserves, natural exposed rock strata along with
minimum park accessories (like benches, lighting etc.).
12. Old fort/ Uttareswar Temple / Buddhalinga Temple (Tank)

Complex and large tanks like Raja and Rani Pokhari may be
developed with landscaping and environmental lighting with
tourist day service facilities.
10.4 Policies on Development of Tourism
As a service industry, tourism has numerous tangible and intangible

elements. Major tangible elements include transportation,
accommodation, and other components of a hospitality industry. Major
intangible elements relate to the purpose or motivation for becoming a
tourist, such as rest, relaxation, the opportunity to meet new people and
Policies on Development of Tourism
experience other cultures, or simply to do something different or have an

adventure.
Tourism is vital for every state, due to the income generated by the
consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on
businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment
and economic advancement brought about by the industry. For these
reasons government and private agencies sometimes promote a specific
region as a tourist destination, and support the development of a tourism
industry in that area. The contemporary phenomenon of mass tourism
may sometimes result in overdevelopment; however alternative forms of
tourism such as ecotourism seek to avoid such outcomes by pursuing
tourism in a sustainable way.
BDPA offer great potential for tourism development. Most of the existing
or potential areas within the BDPA area have ‘one day travel’
possibilities. But tourist spots in the vicinity of the BDPA area may not be
covered within ‘one day circuit’. Overnight staying facilities for people at
these tourist spots are a strong proposition though adequate provision for
Day Service facilities (like eating places, temporary rest shelters, toilet
facilities, STD booths, local tourism information centres, retail outlet for
local handicrafts etc.) are utmost necessary. Fig. 10.7: Mukteswar Temple at
Bhubaneswar
The comprehensive planning proposal for tourism and recreation
development aims to strengthen tourist attraction through improved
publicity and facility upgradation. More tourists mean more business for
local people in retail and service sectors. Thus it will also create a strong
economic base through various types of outdoor recreation.
According to the existing scenario analysis of BDPA, it has been

observed that the following categories of tourism have immense
potentialities for development in this region:
1. Religious Tourism with historically important temples and other

worshipping areas in the vicinity.
2. Cultural and Heritage Tourism with annual / seasonal traditional

village fairs and festivals, folk or tribal socio-cultural events with
arts, crafts, music, dance etc.
3. Nature based outdoor recreation and Eco-tourism for hills, forest,

riverfront / derelict stone quarries and vast agricultural area/
Fig. 10.8: Bindu Sagar Lake
village settlements with undulating landforms including picnic at Bhubaneswar
spots, sight seeing, camping sites etc. Presence of all these
tourism products calls for the growth of Adventure Tourism.
4. Educational Tourism with reserve forest and elephant sanctuary/

Zoological Park and Botanical Garden at Nandankanan/ Capital
city planning of Otto H. Koenigsberger/ Archeological sites/
based study or excursion activities for school/ college/ university

students and researchers.
10.4.1 Integrated Approach and Strategy for Development of

Tourism
1. Coordinated Marketing to attract more tourists from other states

and foreigners.
Orissa is a kaleidoscope of past splendors and present glory a

fascinating state with majestic monuments, beautiful beaches, sprawling
Chilika Lake, luxuriant forests, captivating wildlife, exquisite handicrafts,
traditional tribes, enchanting classical and folk dances and music and
above all a hospitable and peace-loving people. In other words, Orissa
has rich tourism potential to attract a large number of tourists, both
foreign and domestic. Share of foreign and domestic tourists visiting
Orissa among other states is very low compared to other states in the
Country. Out of 39.1 lakh foreign tourists that arrived to India in 2005,
only 0.85% visited Orissa. In the domestic front, the share of tourists
visiting from neighboring states like west Bengal continues to be
maximum (21.18%) followed by Andhra Pradesh (5.39%). Tourists
visiting from New Delhi, Tripura and Kerala have the lowest percentage
share (0.21%) each (Source: Orissa Tourism Policy). Proactive Marketing
Strategy is required to harness the optimum tourism potential of the state
in general and the BDPA region in particular, so that it can invite more
tourists from the foreign and domestic front.
Shanghai, Bangkok, Goa, Dubai are the names which generate a sense
of excitement and thrill to a tourist’s perspective. These places have the
maximum ‘pull factor’ for a tourist among the various options available to
him. Branding of a tourist destination and its products is done basing on a
certain theme. It helps to target and invite a certain segment of tourists.
When a tourist visits a certain highlighted place, he/she will also be
interested to visit other important tourist destinations in the vicinity. Some
of the suggested potential themes on which the BDPA region can be
branded are
Temple City, Bhubaneswar
India’s last independent fort , Khurda
Orissa’s first planned colonial railway township, Jatani
Fig. 10.9: Ancient Stone Sculpture

on Temple wall of ‘Temple city’
2. Enhancing Product Quality so as to create a brand image for
tourist destinations and enhancing service quality.
Heightened demand through coordinated marketing and branding needs

to be supported by consistent quality of Product Delivery across BDPA.
There is a common interest in developing consistent and product

standards and industry codes of conduct, benchmarked on National and
International best practices. Investigation, Green Labeling and other
quality assurance programmes should be undertaken to decide suitable
types of nature and cultural ecotourism products such as Nature Cure
Centres, Ayurveda Clinics and Health Spas for tourists.
Formulation of guidelines for regular augmentation and upgradation of

tourist infrastructure and services of public and private agencies is
required on a regular time frame so as to be a front runner in the
competitive tourism industry.
3. Facilitating Travel for easy access of tourists to major urban

centres and tourist destinations.
Given the high income elasticity of air passenger traffic demand and Fig. 10.10: Khandagiri and
declining costs of air travel, air connectivity will play a significant role in Udaygiri
Caves at Bhubaneswar
strengthening regional, national as well as international linkages. In this
context Bhubaneswar airport is poorly connected to major important
national and international destinations of tourist importance. There is no
direct flight accessibility of Bhubaneswar Airport with many important
cities in India.
Though rail linkage connectivity is better in comparison to air but

accessibility of Bhubaneswar is less in comparison to other major tourist
destinations of the country. A rail based travel circuit can be explored to
connect important tourist destinations of the nation with that of BDPA.
All the important urban centres of BDPA except Jatani are connected
with NH 5. Though this region has good surface transport connectivity but
it is poor in accessibility. There is no public transport facility to every
tourist destination. Hence enhancement of public transportation facility
along with improvement of private modes of travel services is of foremost
necessity to attract local and regional tourists of every income group. Fig. 10.11: Rajarani Temple
at Bhubaneswar
4. Developing Human Resources for lasting impression
Human resources play a vital role for any Tourism Development

Programme. A tourist spends his total itinerary with this resource. “Good
Host Training” to encourage friendliness, increase awareness of Tourism
and foster attitude of Oriya Hospitality Culture in the frontline people such
as porters, taxi drivers, tourist guides, travel agencies, hotel and
restaurant/ café staff is required. An effective regulatory and supervisory
mechanism should be encouraged to protect the interest of tourists.
Growth of tourism industry has a direct bearing on the supply of quality

techno-managerial manpower. In this context Hotel Management and
Catering, Travel and Tourism Management Institutes can be established

in BDPA Planning Zones after careful evaluation of future market
demand. It will also provide an alternative career opportunity to the young
generation in this sunrise industry.
5. Developing Eco-tourism based on Nature and Culture for

Sustainable Tourism Development.
Ecotourism includes programs that minimize the adverse effects of

traditional tourism on the natural environment, and enhance the cultural
integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating
environmental and cultural factors, initiatives by hospitality providers to
promote recycling, energy efficiency, water re-use, and the creation of
economic opportunities for local communities should be an integral part
of ecotourism.
It is an approach that creates a variety of quality tourism products that

are:
environmentally/ ecologically sustainable
economically viable
socially and psychologically acceptable
The result of which would reflect:
an integrated and holistic approach to product development
capacity building in host communities
a sense and uniqueness of place
commitment to the greening of the tourism industry
6. Developing Tourism Travel Circuits for integrating tourist

destinations having a common theme.
Tourism travel circuits help in equitable tourism development. Some of

the themes for tourism travel circuits in BDPA are
a. Religious Tourism
b. Monument and Culture based
c. Buddhist circuit
d. Art and Craft

Fig. 10.12: Khandagiri at
Bhubaneswar e. Tribal or village tourism based
f. Wildlife, Ecotourism and Adventure
g. Weekend and scenic area based
7. Enabling Private Sector Participation for accelerated growth of

the industry and efficiency in facilities and services.
Public Private Partnership offers a significant opportunity for the

government to bring investment, improve infrastructure, creation of jobs,
skill development, contracts for small businesses and better conservation
practices. Above all, by accepting investment from private agencies,
government can utilize its valuable resources to some other
developmental projects. PPP imparts a sense of competitiveness among
the government and private agencies.
A typical PPP would usually have the following characteristics:
a. The private sector partner typically invests in a capital asset and

is responsible for maintaining and operating it over the life of the
contract.
b. The focus is on the services provided and not on the assets

used.
c. Risk transfer is a key element.
d. Government assets are often transferred or made available to

the private party.
e. The contractual arrangement specifies that a private party takes

responsibility for and assumes the risks for all or part of a public
sector function.
f. Value for money, which is critically dependent on the way risks

are allocated between the parties, must be demonstrated.
In BDPA, scope of private sector participation exists in establishment and

maintenance of tourism and recreational assets like water parks, theme
parks, multiplexes, star category hotels, food courts, traffic island
development and maintenance, avenue plantation, sanitation and solid
waste management near tourist destinations.
10.4.2 Eco Tourism Development
Sustainability should be the prime focus while planning for environmental

protection. A detail analysis for assets and liabilities from various zones
of BDPA indicates the varied carrying capacities, sensitivity and
ecological fragility in the developmental zones. Reserve forests like
Chandaka & Bharatpur as well as riverfronts of Kuakhai, Bhargavi &
Daya and water channels such as the Buri Canal & the Gangua Canal
provide ample scope for forest based as well as water based tourism.
Some of the suggested proposals for environmental control and
ecotourism are:
1. Chandaka and Bharatpur reserve forest require careful eco-

sensitive planning towards tourism. The overall environmental
ambience may be disturbed by excessive tourist flow (if not
controlled by limiting use permits), unrestricted tree cutting, soil
excavation etc. Suitable protective and legal (punitive) measures
should be prior planned for saving these natural assets in Eco-
tourism development.
2. Prohibition on unauthorized collection of rare plants, illegal

cutting of trees, control of hunting birds and rare species in
elephant sanctuary, ban on use and disposal of non-
biodegradable objects (such as plastic, metal, or rubber goods
etc) and restriction on automobile movement in certain zones
(especially for sensitive flora and fauna infested natural zones)
have to exercised while inviting tourists for this area.
3. A slow moving forest trail route can be planned with bends,

paused at different points of arrival. Possibility of development of
camping sites, Eco lodges, Eco trails (Travel through ecological
parks) in the forest area can be explored.
4. Towards the southern end areas of Barunei - Khurda fort also

need to be carefully planned to prevent the polluting activities &
promote eco tourism based activities such as picnic spots,
camping sites etc.
5. Non-polluting traveling vehicles should be allowed for eco-trails.
6. A DPR to be prepared for enforcement mechanism to regulate

and execute the environment protection and ecotourism.
7. The area from Pandara along the river Bhargavi and Sisupal
Garh area (i.e. Sisupal planning zone) is a very low lying
environmentally sensitive and flood prone zone. So it can be
developed for functions like low rise resorts near river with
vernacular architectural style, cultural complexes, theme parks,
and new convention centres, media complexes, hotels & five star
resorts etc. subject to strict abidance by the NBC norms. This
area being eco fragile and not suitable for high density high rise
development or extensive development so corporate type of
development can be proposed taking into consideration the
special regulations for this zone thereby rendering a picturesque
water front development along this stretch of river Bhargavi.
8. The areas along river Kuakhai in Sribantapur (Zone no 14) have

been proposed for water based activities such as boating clubs,
angling clubs etc. have been proposed. Along the riverfronts.
Water theme parks, herbal gardens, floral gardens, Vedic village,
naturopathy centres etc. have also been proposed as
recreational activities within the zone.
9. With examples from India and abroad a unique concept of a

continuous garland lake system by linking of all the water
channels viz: Buri canal & the Gangua Nallah has been
creatively proposed starting from Sribantapur - Sisupal – Ekamra
Kshetra zones thereby giving a flash of an array of recreational
activities arranged in a planned and a continuous way to
enhance the water based tourism aspects of these
eco/environmentally sensitive zones.
10. High end lake resorts, lagoon resorts, nature parks along large
water bodies eg. Chandrasekharpur (Zone 13) may provide
wonderful opportunities for nature/eco tourism.
Thus numerous activities as per the potentials of the individual zones

have been carefully chalked out and have been further elaborated in the
zone wise proposals.
10.4.3 Vernacular Art and Cultural Heritage
Dhauli Planning (Zone 19) presents immense possibilities for Village and
Cultural Tourism.
The traditional fairs and festivals, music and dance, living style
vernacular architecture and décor of these tribal people – all can be
presented into a marvelous tourist package. Tourist participation may
boost up the local economy, create a better market for their traditional art
and craft, at the same time generating a sense of pride among the local
Fig. 10.13: A tourist trying a
mass toward their society, culture and bring positive technological and
hand on ‘PATTACHITRA’
hygienic awareness for those hither to neglected rural folk.
Regular monitoring of the tourist influx is very much required for these
areas so that excessive tourists may not disturb the indigenous social
fabric and the natural pace of their living style.
Rural Representational Centers or Rural &Tribal Art and Handicrafts

Centers can be developed for covering both the interest of rural and tribal
folk and tourists. This will give enough information about their unique
lifestyles, culture and creed, preferences, and obsolescence (social
backwardness) to incoming tourists. On the other hands, rural and tribal
people will also come in contact with the urban folk, publicize their own
creation and also be able to come in to vocational training for improving
their quality of life. Traditional work cum living centers with activity
demonstration (like pottery, basket weaving, gunmetal work, handloom
and handicrafts etc.) can be really a very interesting source of
infotainment for the tourists. Vernacular eating joints can also be
developed along with these centers. Accessibility for this area has to be
improved first to ease consequential development.
10.4.4 Tourist Accommodation
The tourist accommodation development for BDPA essentially calls for

Day Service facilities for visitors at various locations of interest. The main
night stay will still be confined in to the major Planning Zones in BDPA.
Existing hotels in these areas mainly cater to administrative and business
tourism. Sight-seeing with a day long travel circuit may really be an
interesting proposition for the incoming visitors who would frequent the
BDPA for their official and business tours. So more specialized hotels (3,
4, 5 star category), motels, guest houses, dormitories, lodges should be
constructed in the various Planning Zones of BDPA for the official and
business tourists. For educational tourism youth hostels, log huts, eco-
trails, camping sites, trailer parks may be developed in comparatively
remote locations amidst natural surroundings with basic infrastructural
facilities. Illegal mushrooming of hotels near scenic natural spots,
historical and archeological places of importance must be strictly
controlled and transit accommodation facilities should be permitted at
strategic locations only near important modal transfer points.
Incentives like tax concessions; special F.A.R. allowance etc. may be

extended to private developers for boosting up tourist accommodation
facilities in this planning area. This new accommodation for greater
occupancies will also address the need for increasing investors, who will
be coming for education, industries, IT sector on regular basis.
10.4.5 Tourist Travel Circuits
Tourist Travel Circuits are journeys to different places of tourist

importance having a common theme. BDPA is surrounded by many
places of tourist importance which cannot be covered in a single day trip.
It is also a part of the Golden Triangle comprising Bhubaneswar the
temple city, Puri one of the four Dhams of Hindu Religion, and Konark
famous for Sun temple. Besides this there are several other existing
travel circuits connecting important tourist destinations. Tourist Travel
Circuit is basically a concept derived by tourism promotion agencies and
Fig. 10.14: Famous Shri Jagannath
Temple at Puri tour operators where tourists are taken to different tourist destinations
having a common theme. It is beneficial to both tourists and operators as
per unit travel cost is reduced and a tourist is able to visit more
destinations in a shortest possible time. It helps pilgrims, students,
researchers and back-packers. A tourist place starts receiving more
tourists once it is put on a travel circuit which results in growth of
commercial and recreational activities. It also helps in generating
employment and improving the socio-economic condition of local people.
Some important factors which influence a travel circuit are
Mode of travel
Time duration of visit
Infrastructure, facilities and services (road condition, hygiene,

variety of food, shopping and entertainment option)
Publicity of the places
Intermittent serial viewing in between two nodes of a circuit or

the sequential relationship among the connected nodes.
Main tourist travel circuits that exist in and around BDPA at present are
mentioned below:
1. Lingaraj Temple – Mukteswar Temple – Bindusagar – Rajarani

Temple.
2. Lingaraj Temple – Hirapur – Dhauli
3. Nandankanan – Khandagiri and Udaygiri-Ekamra Haat –

Regional Science Centre
4. Garh Khurda – Barunei – Atri – Kaipadar
5. Barunei Temple – Paschima Sambhu Somnath Temple –

Balamukunda Temple –Sagadia Balunkeswar Temple –
Somnath temple, Bodapada – Gopinath Temple, Kakudia –
Pipili – Sakhigopal. Fig. 10.15: Khandagiri and Udaygiri
Caves at Bhubaneswar
6. Garh Khurda – Jatani – Pipili – Dhauli – Sisupal Garh –
Khandagiri and Udaygiri.
10.4.6 Database on Tourist Characteristics
Developing a well networked tourist data base for BDPA with the
following inventories:
a. Different categories of tourists.
b. Tourist behavior, preference and expectations.
c. Quantum of tourists flow at various places of attraction.
d. Frequently visited places in order of tourist priority and reasons.
e. Feedbacks of a tourist’s trend experiences to the defined areas

of interest.
f. Special hazards (if any).
g. Remembering events (positive).
This database, if regularly updated will throw light on ‘dos’ and ‘don’ts’ in
local tourism and help in rectifying defects and increasing positive effects
on tourists. This will reveal
Which activities are to be continued unconditionally.
Which activities are to be continued with partial modifications.
Which activities are to be totally discontinued for safeguarding

socio-physical environment.
SWOT analysis (strength/weakness/opportunities/threat) can be

conducted periodically with these updated data inputs and user
feedbacks for achieving an ideal tourist environment with least problems.
10.4.7 Thoughts on Tourism Management
Fragmented Market Differential needs of targeted segments
Search for Experiences reflecting traditional /

community local values, integrity, art, heritage,
lifestyles
Anchoring Opportunities to get ‘back in touch’
Healthy living Clean, green, natural and healthy

getaway
Self expression Opportunities for individual views /

communication
Sustainable tourism Development for BDPA can be achieved through

strong partnerships, accountability and continuous improvement
mechanism which will yield derived outcome in the form of enhanced
image for the tourist destinations, increased employment or job creation
and improved community facilities and services, consumer trends and
tourism opportunities have to be realistically balanced like the following:
With changing times, peoples’ affordability and new public attitude,

tourism and out door recreational facilities have to be planned through
the following strategies:
1. ‘Out of ordinary’ experiences associated with special venues -

like developing the Buddhist Circuit.
2. ‘Going with the grain’ – exploring the natural assets of the region
- internationally / nationally famous or locally notable.
3. Identifying the champion projects for the area.
4. Drawing inspiration from the National Tourism Policy 2002 in

terms of
• Swagat (Hospitality)
• Soochana (Information)
• Suvidha (Comfort)
• Suraksha (Security)
Tourism & Recreational
Development Proposals
• Sahyog (Co-operation)
• Sanrachna (Infrastructure)
5. Online publicity forum and web log on the State Tourism website.
6. Disaster management and preparedness for remote areas.
7. Spelling out prohibitive actions / remote areas and dangerous

areas for tourist safety.
8. Linking the programme to market initiatives that offer Approved

Tourism Operators (ATO) support in financing and promotion.
9. FDI must be actively encouraged with international players’

expertise in outdoor recreations.
10. Thus the ‘new model’ can be derived to ensure optimum

utilization of rich tourism resources for creating new employment
especially in rural or suburban areas, to strengthen the already
existing market for the rich and varied Orissan handicrafts, to
preserve and accelerate the contribution of tourism in the socio-
economic development of the BDPA.
10.5 Tourism and Recreational Development

Proposals for the various Planning Zones
Sectoral Distribution of Activities

In connection with the preparation of CDP for BDPA, the whole area is
subdivided into 14 Planning Zones. Through estimation of the projected
population (for each Planning Zone), reconnaissance, detail survey (for
identifying existing strength / weakness) and logical analyses on the
future potentialities for the various Planning Zones, different urban
activities are suggested sector wise for the entire planning area (Table
10.1). This will guide the development plan in the allocation of urban
activities both in a qualitative and quantitative manner. Major culture,
tourism or recreation based activities have been proposed in certain
zones based on the location - existing physiographic condition,
availability of developable land, environmental pollution control and
taking various other aspects into consideration. In some zones auxiliary
activities are also hinted for their group performance towards sustainable
development.
10.5.1 Bharatpur
Planning Zone 12
Bharatpur zone has been classified as a Sensitive Development Zone as

per the Perspective Plan with an existing reserve forest and small village
settlements. Considering the major land cover and dominance of natural
open spaces, within the environmentally sensitive buffer of Nandankanan
Zoological Park, Botanical and Zoological Research Centres have been
suggested. These will function and help each other in mutually reciprocal
ways. Tourist attractions such as fair grounds, exhibition pavilions, food
courts etc. have been provided in this zone. Tourist Service Centres
within this buffer of Nandankanan in the form of Day Service facilities with
eateries / small retail outlets & other basic facilities are planned for this
zone.
Around Ekamra Kanan and Bharatpur forest area, areas are earmarked
for Eco-tourism with vernacular style Eco-lodges distributed in and
around the forest and connected by meandering Eco-trail routes.
Camping sites with basic facilities for water supply and sanitation are also
indicated in this area for the upcoming trends on nature holidaying and
Adventure Tourism. For outdoor recreation, community level open
spaces in the form of parks/ playgrounds/ are provided.
To stop soil erosion in Bharatpur forest area, afforestation has to be

carried out on a massive scale with easy growing plant species
depending upon the fertility of soil in order to maintain and protect the
lush greenery and the natural beauty of the forest. This will definitely add
to the development of the Bharatpur forest as a major potential forest
resource of the BDPA area.
10.5.2 Chandrasekharpur
Planning Zone 13
Chandrasekharpur, being an Extensive Development area has corporate
offices, Star category hotels, parks, exhibition grounds and high-end
residential complexes. It has also been earmarked as the SEZ Zone and
also consists of technical institutions which have enhanced its profile on
the whole.
Some part of the zone comes under the environmentally sensitive buffer
around the Nandankanan Wild life sanctuary. Exhibition pavilions, food
courts, landscaped garden in various styles and themes along with tourist
facilities can be developed within this buffer.
Eastern part of this zone along railway is still under marshy, swampy and
low-lying category. Keeping the seasonal water logging and land-water
interface in mind, this part is categorized as an eco sensitive zone
surrounded with high end lagoon resorts and other recreational activities.
Spilled water can be retained for ecological and environmental balance.

Simultaneously, additional revenue can be generated through high-end
lagoon Resort activities from special tourists. Seasonal pisiculture will
also be a good option for revenue generation. Less built activities are
encouraged and more natural, water based activities are preferred for
this part so that these can continue without any disturbance even during
monsoon.
On the whole this zone can be symbolic of high-end development with

commercial and office complexes and world class research and
institutional centres giving the tourists an impression of a world class
activity centre.
10.5.3 Sribantapur
Planning Zone 14
The Planning Zone of Sribantapur has been found out to be an Eco-

Sensitive Zone on the western side of the river Kuakhai and hence has
been categorized as a sensitive development zone as per the
Perspective Plan.
Majority of this area also belongs to low land and marshy, swampy land
cover with seasonal higher water levels by the side of the river. So,
priorities for low key built development and water based activities are
given for this area. Water based amusement parks/Aquatica,
entertainment parks, swimming clubs, angling clubs, boating clubs etc. all
these riverside activities are recommended along with extensive
Riverfront Development along the river Kuakhai. Among the low-key
development health resorts, Vedic villages with traditional yoga,
ayurvedic treatment centres, herbal centres, and health-spa – all these
activities are planned for this Planning Zone.
This Zone also becomes the starting point for the Garland lake System
which continues through the other adjoining zones viz: Sribantapur –
Sisupal – Ekamra Kshetra etc. contributes to be a major attractive feature
for tourism, nationally as well as internationally and all the more
interesting if made navigable by diverting the river waters into the main
channel of Gangua Nallah. A chain of varied activities can be proposed
along this main navigation channel which will carry tourists and have an
everlasting impression of the various developments in these Zones.
Moreover, riverside spill basins have been proposed in the form of a

Riverside Necklace as a protection against the flood waters.
Besides, due to easy availability of fertile soil and water, floriculture,

urban agriculture and other agro-based activities are encouraged over
this zone. Dairy products and other food processing industries are also
permitted in the Sribantapur area. In recreational activities, parks /
playgrounds (community level open spaces), clubs, cultural centres or

auditoria may be provided.
10.5.4 East Kuakhai

Planning Zone 15
Initially this zone had been declared as flood prone zone but adequate
measures have been taken as a part of the physical infrastructure to
protect this Zone from the recurring floods and water-logging. Since the
‘push factor’ for development is towards Cuttack, another major city
towards the north of BDPA and a part of BCUC the State Capital Region,
it is obvious that the East Kuakhai Zone will be subjected to development
activities on either side of the National Highway.
Yet, it has been observed some of the swampy areas in this zone are
situated on the banks of the river. These areas can have less built
development and more nature / water based activities such as boating,
rowing, swimming, angling clubs, water fountain gardens as a part of the
Riverfront Development. Horticulture, Urban agriculture, Floriculture
along with picnic spots, water theme parks etc. can be developed in
some parts of the sensitive areas of this zone. Major water bodies may
also be developed as spill water basins which can retain water in the lean
season with less evaporative loss by landscaped edging.
10.5.5 Sisupal
Planning Zone 16
This Planning Zone has got immense potential for development due to its
scenic location near the river as well as availability of developable land
and it’s proximity to the important regional circulation routes. This zone is
specifically delineated and identified due to the presence of the Historical
Sisupalgarh belonging to the glorious the Kharvela Dynasty. It can be
called as the ‘Aitihasik Kshetra’. A 100m buffer is maintained all along the
Fort as per the ASI guidelines with special demarcation for a Heritage
Park and the archaeological garden. Also a further 200m buffer is
maintained beyond the 100m to restrict any major large scale activities in
the vicinity of the Fort as per the ASI specifications.
The concept of Garland Lake System with multiple water bodies chained
into series continues to flow in this area and acts as a major recreation
for the incoming tourists as well as the residential population of this Zone.
Lake side recreational parks, historical memorials, cruise or boat
navigational routes can be planned with these lakes sequentially linked.
Seven or Five Star Lake Resorts, International Convention Centre,
Archaeological Heritage/Theme Parks, Sculpture Complex, Media
Centres, Food Courts, Music Pavilions, Art & Craft Villages etc. may be
suitably permitted to be developed in this zone. Besides, Sports Centre,

Golf Courses, Yoga Parks, Community recreational areas may be
provided for this zone.
Riverfront Development activities can also be proposed as in other zones

thereby making this zone of Sisupal a higher order recreational zone with
diversified activities.
10.5.6 Bhubaneswar New Town
Planning Zone 17
In this already developed area with multiple urban activities, Urban

Parkway System can be well introduced connecting the city’s open
spaces in hierarchy through landscape development along important
circulation corridors. Important vehicular or pedestrian circulation routes
may be rendered on the sides by seasonal landscape colours in bloom,
foliage or through trunk characteristics. Continuous green verge as a part
of the Urban Parkway System would help in quick surface water drainage
through better permeability, providing land supply for laying or
augmenting urban utilities and services so as to maintain the ecological
balance amidst the concrete jungle. Above all these greenways would
invite a welcome relief in visually perceiving the concrete-steel-glass built
environment. Major existing parks may be renewed with fresh individual
themes and specific landscape styles like Japanese Garden or Oriental
style, Mughal Garden style, English Garden style etc.
Arboriculture can be developed as an Art in the truest sense for this

intensely developed area. Musical Fountains, Environmental lighting,
sculpture courts and entrance portals may add to their strength.
10.5.7 Old Bhubaneswar
Planning Zone 18
The Old Bhubaneswar is the original ‘Temple City/Ekamra Kshetra’ which
developed around the Lingaraj Temple. This zone is characterized by the
presence of innumerable temple precincts and complexes and is an
important zone from the aspect of religious tourism. A large number of
religious tourists visit this zone throughout the year and during various
religious festivals such as the Shiva ratri, month of Shravan etc.
This is an area densely developed over a period of time with numerous

temples, dharamshalas, religious trust offices and private residences.
In order to relieve this densely populated area and as a part of traffic

management only slow moving, battery operated vehicles should be
encouraged in the circulation pathways to reduce vibration, congestion
and pollution and make way for the free flow of tourists in this zone.
Parking lots are to be provided for large vehicles on the periphery of the
various zones. Pedestrianisation of certain parts of the Temple City,
especially around the Lingaraj temple and the Bindu Sagar tank along
with alternative circulation routes for movement of slow moving vehicles
should be done immediately.
For Bindu Sagar, Lake Side Development may be initiated with

development of ceremonial ghats, environmental illumination, landscaped
gardens, amphitheatres, historical precedence commemorative plaques
etc. Some temple complexes may be provided with environmental
lighting and flower gardens. Adequate public facilities in the form of
parking lots, dharmashalas etc. should be provided along with
Comprehensive Signage System has to be introduced for the benefit of
the users.
Architectural Heritage Interpretation Centre (especially of the temple city)

can be proposed as a major attraction for tourists.
Meditation or Spiritual Centres may be developed as a part of the Daya

Riverfront Development. Community ‘Mandaps’ may be provided for
community functions and gatherings. Religious Tourism related facilities
such as camping sites for tourists during festive occasions, fair grounds,
theme parks, dharmashalas, etc. are proposed for swampy areas and
can be developed as lake points to add to the natural ambience.
10.5.8 Dhauli
Planning Zone 19
Dhauli is one of the most sparsely developed zones defined by the NH-
203 on one side and the historically significant Daya River on the other.
In this serene environment with excellent riverside views, a ‘Peace Park’

is planned with historic inspiration from the past. King Ashoka fought the
famous ‘Kalinga’ battle over this place. Stories and facts related to the
Dhauli temple may be revived through better physical translation aimed
towards the new generation in this park. Presence of the existing
Dhaulagiri Stupa and Shrine already give a special character to this area.
This new venture as a part of the Daya Riverfront Development will add
to its strength along with other water front activities and stretches for
sand sculpture. The concept of ‘Utkal Sanskriti Prangan’ is hereby
introduced through developing a truly ‘Representational Cultural Centre’
for the state of Orissa for this Dhauli Planning Zone. When visited,
tourists would get a fair idea on various dimensions of traditional Orissan
culture on a single platform. Odissi dance styles, music, Yatra / pala,
‘Patachitrakatha’, traditional folk art and crafts, delicious cuisine, textile,
Architectural and Archaeological heritage - all will be tastefully
documented and displayed with active participation of both national and
international tourists. Besides, a Buddhist Interpretation Centre, Kala
Vikash Kendra – artists’ training centres both for visual and performing
arts will be developed in this Planning Zone. Furthermore, an Arts and
Crafts Village can be planned and blended with the existing village
settlements. The entire zone is to be planned on the lines of the ‘Dhauli
Sanskriti Kshetra’ transforming it into a cultural zone with restricted
residential and commercial activities.
Moreover to add on to the natural beauty of Dhauli the entire zone can be
beautified with flower gardens and greenery all around without disturbing
the major agricultural activity of the area. Floriculture, horticulture &
pisiculture can be promoted as a revenue generating activity in this zone.
10.5.9 Aigania
Planning Zone 20
This Planning Zone takes a very important location in the entire BDPA in
terms of accessibility, heritage locations and developable land
availability. Around the existing famous Udaygiri - Khandagiri heritage
locations, an Archeological Theme Park cum Jain Heritage Interpretation
Centre can be developed. Udaygiri-Khandagiri Cultural Complex should
be created in the vicinity to cater to the region’s diverse cultural activities.
As part of community interaction, a recreational hub and several camping
sites, air grounds may be introduced to experience the untouched
wilderness.
Aigania will be the Knowledge Hub of the Bhubaneswar Development

Plan Area with a continuous institutional corridor aligned with
international level research centres and institutions like the Non-
conventional Energy Research Centre, Ayurvedic and Pharmaceuticals
Research Centre, Rare Forest Species (flora & fauna) Conservation and
Research Centre, Biotech Park, Solar Energy Park, Multimedia and
Animation Graphics Centre, Institute of Fashion Technology, Institute of
Catering Technology, Industrial Training Institutes like Indian Institute of
Information Technology etc. and other specialized institutes. Even a Film
City can be proposed in the vicinity of the picturesque locations of Deras
can be a part of this zone. Deras, one of the spots with natural scenic
beauty can be suitably developed as picnickers’ points along with outdoor
film-shooting areas. The Film City can be developed around the vicinity of
Kalinga Studios with varying shooting locations around Chandaka,
Bharatpur and Deras.
Regional Sports Complex with Athlete Camps can be developed here.

Besides, amidst peripheral open spaces, a 16-link Golf Course, camping
sites, etc. may be suitably explored.
The entire profile of this zone can be upgraded by providing high-end

housing areas with supportive activities such as District Centres,
recreational areas and entertainment plazas placed along the major

transport corridors.
10.5.10 Tamando
Planning Zone 21
The upcoming development for this Planning Zone should aim at high
end commercial, industrial and institutional activities including Banking
and Financial institutions, mercantile offices, Infrastructure Development
Corporation, Real Estate Promotion or Development organizations,
Information Technology hubs, specialized residential complexes, Star
category Hotels, Business centres etc. This long cherished ‘South City
Development’ should be framed with the facilities of an ideal Business
Improvement District (BID) which will portray the Futuristic ‘High Tech’
image of the city. Besides these commercial and institutional activities,
some places can be created for public welfare to raise the scientific
awareness among them. Projects like Science City, Industrial &
Technological museums, Archival centres, International standard
Libraries, Information centres and Art Galleries may be developed in this
zone. Central City parks and landscaped gardens will complement those
aforementioned activities in the built environment. Areas for associated
outdoor recreation, Physical Fitness centres, Meditation centres, Tennis
clubs etc. should also be developed to function in comprehensive
manner. The architectural image for the Diplomatic Enclave should be a
blend of International styles, drawing inspirations from respective
countries of the world. Health City can be developed in the vicinity of
AIMS with all health infrastructure and areas associated with outdoor
recreation. Thus this is another zone which can be developed as a high –
end zone with world class infrastructure.
10.5.11 Khurda
Planning Zone 23
The prime activities for this Planning Zone centre on Textile Industries. A
Textile Hub may be created with varying order textile manufacturing units
(incorporating/revitalization of the existing ones), sales and distribution
centres, Handloom Expo grounds, weavers’ cooperatives etc. Institutions
related to Orissa’s Cottage industries may be developed in this area.
Weavers’ training institutes, export oriented advanced power loom
centres for fine cloth should also be encouraged along with revival of
existing sick industries. Textile museums and Work-cum-living centres, if
properly developed for the traditional artisans and textile workers, can
also be a major tourist attraction along with the Barunei and Garh Khurda
tourist circuit.
10.5.12 Barunei
Planning Zone 24
This Planning Zone is characterized by the presence of Barunei Hills and

numerous perennial water bodies of different scale. Locations near the
Barunei temple may be developed towards Heritage Tourism,
recreational picnic spots along water bodies in the scenic setting,
Archaeological parks commemorating the historical events from the past
etc. ‘Gada Khurda’ can also be converted to a major tourist spot with Day
Service facilities for the visitors. Restoration of various large water tanks
by cleansing the harmful weeds and discharge from the surrounding
areas and their appropriate utilization for recreational activities
throughout the year. Provision for Environmental Illumination, repairing
the water edges, initiating paddle boating facilities, arranging facilities for
the visitors, designing landscaped gardens around – all can beautify and
improve water front for the benefit of the tourists & local folk and
additional revenue generation. Environmental pollution control can be
augmented through proper landscape design for the abandoned stone
quarries. Social Forestry should be encouraged towards ecological
balance, involvement of local people for earning their livelihood and
better maintenance of these areas.
10.5.13 Jatani
Planning Zone 25
Intensive landscaping approach with the development of recreational

areas will take the major share of planning activities for this zone. Some
abandoned stone quarries may be explored with the potentialities of
Fodder crop / Fuel wood generation. Some sites can well be used for
waste dumping areas and even waste recycling. Colonial Bungalows
within the town may be transformed through Adaptive Reuse for the
purpose of Community Recreation. Since these are some of the
architectural memoirs from the past and assets for the town, instead of
pulling them down, these buildings may be efficiently used towards
Community Archives / Libraries, Retail shopping or Display Centres. The
railway township of Jatani needs to be revitalized/ redeveloped and the
old infrastructure can be augmented while maintaining the homogeneous
colonial architectural character of the township at the same time. The
image of a serene environment of Jatani should be protected exercising
appropriate development control guidelines in terms of density control
and provision of ample open spaces.
Cost of Development

The tourism potential in various planning zones according to the
resources available in the given planning units has been earmarked. The
cost however is subject to change depending upon the nature of tourism
potential and infrastructural development in the given zone. The cost for
development along with the land requirement has been stated in (Table
10.2). Altogether 316 hectares of land is required under tourism activities
to cater for an estimated 30 lakhs annual tourists for an approx.
investment of Rs. 580 Crores.
10.7 Conclusion
With the portrayal of various cultural, tourism and recreational activities
for different Planning Zones within the BDPA, it has been observed that
they may be well connected in an intra-zonal or inter-zonal fashion
through a perimeter ring road and inner circulation corridors. Important
Travel Circuits can be created with Khurda-Baunei, Udaygiri-Khandagiri,
Dhauli-Sisupal and Pipli-Raghurajpur tourist nodes distributed over the
entire BDPA.
Some of the proposed Travel Circuits in and around BDPA area are as
follows and are reflected in Map no.10.2.
1. Khandagiri – Udaygiri – Barunei – Khurda – Pipili Circuit.
2. Nandankanan – Khandagiri – Udaygiri – Barunei Khurda – Deras
3. Nandankanan- Udaygiri – Khandagiri – Lingaraj temple
4. Khandagiri – Udaygiri – Lingaraj Temple – Dhauli – Sisupal –

Pipili.
A western ring road development will improve the connectivity between

Pitapalli and Nandankanan via Deras, and an eastern ring road
connecting Barunei, Pipili, Dhauli and finally Choudwar. One of the
MRTS alignments connecting Khandagiri-Udaygiri with Barunei, the
second connecting Old Bhubaneswar and Dhauli and the third
connecting Nandankanan with Bhubaneswar New Town will also
enhance connectivity of above mentioned tourist locations which will
boost up tourism in the BDPA as well as the entire BCUC region.
(Page Left Blank Intentionally)
Table 10.1: Tourism Potential of BDPA
Location Zone area

Zone Broad Zone Existing Characteristics Proposed Tourism functions/ Tourism potential
Description in Sq.Kms
No.
Bharatpur Camping sites, Eco-lodges, Eco-trails, Adventure Tourism. Community level parks or playgrounds. Botanical and Zoological Research Centres,
Sensitive Reserve forest, Village
12 (BMC, BDPA 40.86 Forest Research Centres, Day Tourist Service Centres, Fair Ground, exhibition pavilion, food courts within green buffer of Nandankanan, Club Town
Rural)
Development settlements
and Golf Course.
Chandrasekhar Corporate Offices, Star category
pur Extensive hotels, Parks, Exhibition High-end development with commercial and office complexes and world class Research and Institutional Centres. High-end Lagoon Resorts with less
13 47.81
(BMC, BDA Development grounds, High end residential built and more water based activities.
Rural) complexes,
Low-key built development and water based activities like water based amusement parks, aquatica, swimming clubs, health resorts, and Vedic
Sribantapur Sensitive
14 30.95 Villages having low lying area villages with traditional herbal massage centres. Floriculture, Agro-based activities, Animal husbandry, Dairy and food processing industry,
(BDA Rural) Development
Community level parks, playgrounds, clubs, Cultural Centres, auditoria
Proximity to NH 5, Vacant
East Kuakhai Extensive agricultural lands and Water based activity oriented development, boating, rowing, swimming, angling clubs, water fountain gardens as part of Riverfront Development,
15 13.70
(BMC) Development speculated holdings, Famous horticulture, urban agriculture, picnic spots, etc.
for sweets
Sisupal Garland Lake System, lake-side recreational parks, historical memorials, cruise or boat navigational routes, Seven or Five star Lake Resorts,
Sensitive Remnants of Sisupalgarh fort,
16 (BMC, BDA 26.53 International Convention Centre, Archaeological Sculpture or theme parks, media centres, food courts, music pavilions, Sports Centre, Yoga Parks
Rural)
Development Low lying area
and Community recreational areas. Heritage resort, Five star hotels, Art academy, Archeological park in and around Sisupalgarh, water parks.
Bhubaneswar- Good Physical and social

Intensive Urban parkway system, existing parks renewed with fresh themes, Arboriculture, Art and cultural activities, Landscaping with continuous green verge
17 New Town 39.67 infrastructure, Planned
Development along avenues.
(BMC) Administrative Complex
Old Heritage zone- pilgrimage, tourism and recreational activities, Art and culture based training and research institutes. Bindu Sagar Lake-side
Temples complex, Structures of
Bhubaneswar Restricted Development, Architectural Heritage Interpretation Centre, Theological University, Research Institute and Museum on evolution of Orissan Temple
18 18.41 historical, religious, architectural
(BMC, BDA Development architecture, Ayurvedic and Pharmaceuticals Research Centre, Vastu Research Centre, Meditation or Spiritual Centres, as part of Daya Riverfront
Rural)
and archeological importance
Development, Theme parks, Fair ground, Religious Tourism related facilities, Five Star Hotels.
Famous Santi Stupa, Daya
Dhauli Sensitive Dhauligiri Heritage and Conservation Area with ‘Dhauli Peace Park’, Utkal Sanskriti Prangan, Art and Craft Village, Performing Arts Centre, Riverfront
19 13.26 River Front, CIFA, Agricultural
(BDA Rural) Development Development, Research institution of pisciculture, horticulture, commercial plantation.
lands
Cultural Complex and organised development around Khandagiri-Udaygiri, to promote tourism and development, theme parks, Urban open space for
recreational purpose, Regional sports complex, international level research centres and institutions like the Non-conventional Energy Research
Aigania Extensive Centre, Rare Forest Species (flora & fauna) Conservation and Research Centre, Biotech Park, Solar Energy Park, Film City, Multimedia and
20 (BMC, BDA 36.07 Proximity to NH 5, Vacant Land
Rural)
Development Animation Graphics Centre, Institute of Fashion Technology, Institute of Catering Technology, Industrial Training Institutes etc. Also, the new
institutes like the Indian Institute Information Technology, Institute of Judicial Science etc. can very well be proposed here. Besides, amidst peripheral
open spaces, a 16-link Golf Course, camping sites, Film City, Sports Complex etc. may be suitably explored
High-end commercial and institutional activities including Banking and Financial institutions, mercantile offices, Infrastructure Development
Corporation, Real Estate Promotion or Development organizations, Information Technology hubs, specialized residence in condominiums, Star
Tamando Extensive Proximity to NH 5, Developable
21 58.65 category Hotels, Business centres etc. Business Improvement District (BID) Science City, Industrial & Technological museums, Archival centres,
(BDA Rural) Development vacant space
International standard Libraries, Information centres and Art Galleries Central City parks and Landscaped gardens outdoor recreation, Physical
Fitness centres, Meditation centres, Tennis clubs, Golf Course etc. Diplomatic Enclave.
District Head Quarter, Famous

Khurda Intensive Gamuchha Cottage industry, Textile Hub with Textile Industries, textile manufacturing units with sale and distribution centres, Handloom Expo grounds, Cottage Industry, Training
23 16.52
(Khurda M.) Development Developable land, abandoned institutions for Cottage industry, Weavers’ cooperatives, Adaptable reuse of stone quarry for landscaping
stone quarries
Barunei Garh Khurda Temples Complex,

Sensitive Promotion of Heritage Tourism in Khurda Garh, Heritage Interpretation Centre, Archaeological Parks, picnic spot, scenic beauty areas in and around
24 (Khurda M., BDA 24.57 Khurda Fort and Barunei Hills,
Rural)
Development Barunei Hill, social forestry.
Temple and picnic spot
Major Railway Junction,
Adaptive reuse of Colonial Bungalows for Club Houses, Community Archives/ Libraries, Retail Shopping/ Display Centres and adaptive reuse of
Jatani Intensive Regional trade centre, Colonial
25 25.75 stone quarries for fodder crop/ fuel generation or landscaping and recreational purpose
(Jatani M.) Development Railway township and buildings,
abandoned stone quarries
Table 10.2: Land Requirement and Cost of Development
Area
Zone area required Cost
Zone No. Location Description Broad Zone Proposed Tourism functions
in Sqkms (In (In Crores)
Hectares)
Bharatpur Camping sites, Eco-lodges, Eco-trails, Adventure Tourism. Community level parks or playgrounds. Day Tourist Service
12 Sensitive Development 40.86 10 15
(BMC, BDPA Rural) Centres, Fair Ground, exhibition pavilion, food courts within 1km green buffer of Nandankanan, Club Town and Golf Course.
Chandrasekharpur High-end Lagoon Resorts with less built and more water based activities. Theme parks within 1km. proposed green buffer
13 Extensive Development 47.81 20 40
(BMC, BDPA Rural) area of Nandankanan.
Low-key built development and water based activities like water based amusement parks, swimming clubs, health resorts, and
Sribantapur
14
(BDPA Rural)
Sensitive Development 30.95 Vedic villages with traditional herbal massage centres. Floriculture, Community level parks, playgrounds, clubs, Cultural 15 20
Centres, auditoria
East Kuakhai Water based activity oriented development, boating, rowing, swimming, angling clubs, water fountain gardens as part of
15 Extensive Development 13.70 8 10
(BMC) Riverfront Development, horticulture, urban agriculture, picnic spots, etc.
Garland Lake System, lake-side recreational parks, historical memorials, cruise or boat navigational routes, Seven or Five star
Sisupal Lake Resorts, International Convention Centre, Archaeological Sculpture or theme parks, media centres, food courts, music
(BMC, BDPA Rural) pavilions, Sports Centre, Yoga Parks and Community recreational areas. Heritage resort, Five star hotels, Art academy, water
parks.
Bhubaneswar-New Town Urban parkway system, existing parks renewed with fresh themes, Arboriculture, Art and cultural activities, Landscaping with
17 Intensive Development 39.67 10 25
(BMC) continuous green verge along avenues.
Heritage zone- pilgrimage, tourism and recreational activities, Art and culture based training and research institutes. Bindu
Old Bhubaneswar Sagar Lake-side Development, Architectural Heritage Interpretation Centre, Research Institute and Museum on evolution of
18 Restricted Development 18.41 8 15
(BMC, BDPA Rural) Orissan Temple architecture, Meditation or Spiritual Centres, as part of Daya Riverfront Development, Theme parks, Fair
ground, Religious Tourism related facilities, Five Star Hotels.
Dhauli Dhauligiri Heritage and Conservation Area with ‘Dhauli Peace Park’, Utkal Sanskriti Prangan, Art and Craft Village, Performing
(BDPA Rural) Arts Centre, Riverfront Development, horticulture, commercial plantation.
Cultural Complex and organised development around Khandagiri-Udaygiri, to promote tourism and development, theme parks,
Aigania
20
(BMC, BDPA Rural)
Extensive Development 36.07 Urban open space for recreational purpose, Regional sports complex, a 16-link Golf Course, camping sites, Sports Complex 40 40
etc.
Star category Hotels, Science City, Industrial & Technological museums, Archival centres, International standard Libraries,
Tamando
21 Extensive Development 58.65 Information centres and Art Galleries, Central City parks and Landscaped gardens outdoor recreation, Physical Fitness 90 150
(BDPA Rural)
centres, Meditation centres, Tennis clubs, Golf Course etc.
Khurda
23
(Khurda M.)
Intensive Development 16.52 Handloom Expo grounds, Adaptable reuse of stone quarry for landscaping 10 15
Barunei Promotion of Heritage Tourism in Khurda Garh, Heritage Interpretation Centre, Archaeological Parks, picnic spot, scenic
(Khurda M., BDPA Rural) beauty areas in and around Barunei Hill, social forestry.
Adaptive reuse of Colonial Bungalows for Club Houses, Community Archives/ Libraries, Retail Shopping/ Display Centres and
Jatani
25
(Jatani M.)
Intensive Development 25.75 adaptive reuse of stone quarries for fodder crop/ fuel generation or landscaping and recreational purpose 10 10
Tourism Publicity Budget (for the BDPA Planning Area) 10
Tourism Training Infrastructure (for the BDPA Planning Area) 5
Services like Water supply, Sewerage, Solid waste management, Power and Telecommunication (For BDPA Planning Area) 75
Total 580
Heritage and Conservation 11
Introduction
11.1 Introduction
different historical periods. The region has an archeologically proven
antiquity of 2,500 years and the historic significance of this area goes
beyond mere dates. During its long history stretching between 3rd century
BC to 15th century AD, Bhubaneswar region has seen successive
emergence of Buddhism, Jainism and Shaivism. Old Bhubaneswar town
or Ekamra Kshetra is a major Shaivite centre of India with more than 300
temple structures and sacred water bodies. It is also a place of unique
‘living heritage’ with its traditional communities of priests and craftsmen,
continuing practices as well as traditional skills and crafts. On the other
hand, a more recent heritage, the railway township of Jatani located on
the southern periphery of BDPA is quite significant for its colonial lineage
and as an example of early 20th century town planning concepts.
It is desirable that historical heritage and cultural diversity of BDPA is

preserved for posterity. In addition to Koeinsberger’s new capital town,
the diverse heritage areas need to be promoted as ‘Areas of Special
Significance’, with well defined functional roles.
11.2 Significant Heritage Areas
Of the innumerable historical structures and precincts, mainly six areas

emerge as most outstanding and deserve special attention. These
arranged in a chronological order are outlined below: (Map-11.1)
1) Dhauli, commemorating the conquest of Ashoka over Kalinga

which dates back to 3rd century BC.
2) Udayagiri and Khandagiri, the twin hill of renowned cave

Fig. 11.1: Brahmeswar Temple
– a protected heritage structure temples, which represent the monasteries of Jaina ascetics of 1st
century BC and known for the rock inscription of Kharavela.
3) Sisupalagarh, the ancient palace of capital of Kalinga, which

has served the successor of Kalinga till 4th century AD.
4) Ekamra Kshetra, a living heritage city - the old town of

Bhubaneswar is about 8 sq Km in area with numerous temples,
sacred water bodies, processional routes and traditional
communities of priests and diverse cultural activities and
practices.
5) Khurda, the last independent fort of India and a place also

known for its weaving industry, folk art and culture.
6) Jatani, an example of early 20th century colonial heritage of a

railway township with a number of beautiful colonial buildings,
churches and bungalows.
11 Heritage and Conservation
Significant Heritage Areas
All these heritage sites have immense historical and cultural

values and each one is significant in its own merit. Considerable
number of important monuments and structures in BDPA are
protected and maintained by ASI and State Archeology.
However, vast number of historic monuments, sites and precincts
still remain unprotected and uncared for (Fig. 11.2). Apart from
built heritage , many water bodies, natural drainage basins ,
Fig. 11.2: Tinimundia Temple
forests and landscaped precincts, as well as traditional practices on a street corner
and skills are being threatened and becoming extinct due to
negligence and lack of proper awareness. The inventory of
‘unprotected monuments’ prepared by Orissa State Archeology is
a valuable document for identification and legal enlisting of
unprotected heritage structures and precincts.
All these heritage areas are sensitive development areas. Management

of such heritage resources must evolve from a systematic understanding
of the present status.
11.3 Existing State of Natural, Built and Cultural

Heritage in Different Zones within BDPA
11.3.1 Zone 16: Sisupalagarh and its adjoining area
Declared as a protected area by ASI, the ancient fortified site of

Sisupalagarh and its environments is an important archeological site. Its
ruined fortification is the largest and best preserved early historic
fortification in India.
In February 13, 1950, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) declared

the site protected with the caption: "Ancient remains inside and outside
rampart mostly buried". ASI has also recommended the site be declared Fig. 11.3: Excavation work in
progress at the ancient city of
protected for excavation. Organisations like Indian National Trust for Art
Sisupalagarh
and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) and Orissa Development Studies (ODS)
had come forward with similar demands.
The civilisation that flourished here could have lasted for more than 1,000
years between 3rd BC and 3rd AD. The city was systematically planned
with well built houses of laterite or brick, laid out in grid pattern street
pattern. Massive mud ramparts with magnificent gateways, guard rooms,
ancillary passages and corner towers reveal a well organized defense
system.
Some major international work being conducted at the site has resulted in
proper and methodical documentation. Recent excavation at the ancient
city of Sisupalagarh by R.K. Mohanty (Pune-based Deccan College) and
Monica L. Smith (University of California) has resulted in systematic Fig. 11.4: Sisupalagarh – old
entrance
archaeological survey and mapping. A large number of discovered
artifacts and structures throw light on the existence of a flourishing urban
240
Existing Natural, Built &
Cultural Heritage
life during the pre-historic period. An Indo-German research project

(2000-2003) was also involved in mapping and measuring the fort.
However, a substantial part of the early historic site of Sisupalagarh still
remains undiscovered. Further excavation in this area may unearth
some grey areas in the Orissan history.
Issues
• Since past five decades large scale encroachments for

agricultural and housing purposes have been going on at the
site. Rampant subdivision of land, digging of fort walls,
speculation and unauthorized construction in and surrounding
area is quite alarming.
• To protect the adjoining land from misuse, the Government in

1992 issued a declaration prohibiting constructional activity and
mining operation up to 100 meters as the protected limits and
further 200 meters as prohibited and regulated area. Ignoring
these legislations, private owners have started building new
houses inside the fort area and for that they have used locally
Fig. 11.5: Encroachment in the
vicinity of Sisupalagarh found laterite slabs.
• Violating the Treasure Trove Act of 1972, villagers have been

collecting antiquities which are found scattered in and around the
fort area.
• The proposed National Highway abutting the site will make the
place more accessible and at the same time much more
vulnerable to unscrupulous development.
Sisupalagarh with its surrounding ecologically sensitive natural

environment and water bodies need to be protected as a special site of
archeological reserve and promoted as an area of historical interest
for the local people, researchers as well as national and international
tourists.
11.3.2 Zone 18: Old Bhubaneswar
The Old Bhubaneswar town is located in Zone 18. Lingaraj Temple is the
focus of the historic town and is symbolically related with other temple
complexes of the old town. As per the medieval texts, a concept of
‘ashta ayatana’-(Table-11.1) eight sacred precincts each with its temples
Fig. 11.6: A road in the and prescribed pilgrim routes are ritualistically and symbolically
proximity of Lingaraj Temple
connected to the Lingaraj Temple (Map-11.2).
Over the years, the economic and social linkages have undergone
change. The old town has gradually transformed into a dormitory town for
the administrative capital. Perceptibly the difference is manifest in its
Cultural Heritage
unorganized and haphazard character, encroachments, unregulated
quarrying, polluted water bodies, congested roads and densely built
derelict houses. Threat to the cultural heritage and dichotomous relation
with the capital city are two major issues of old Bhubaneswar area.
Ekamra Kshetra Heritage Project, 1988, INTACH
In 1988, Ekamra Kshetra Heritage Project was prepared by the Indian

National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH). The study looked Fig. 11.7: Old dharmasala Near
into all related aspects like symbolic geography, imageability, ecological Bindusagar accommodating
modern facilities
determinants as well as the human factor. It was presented to the State
level Task Force in 1989 for successful implementation of the
recommendations. In spite of all its merits and sensitive approach,
Ekamra Kshetra Heritage Project was never followed up.
Zonal Development Plan, 1998 - Operations Research Group
In 1994 BDPA initiated a Zonal Development Plan for Heritage Zone and
entrusted the job to Operations Research Group (ORG). Main task of
Fig. 11.8: Initiative by INTACH
ORG was to formulate policies at Zonal level. The study divided the old
for public awareness
city into five sub zones and recommended specific guidelines. Even after
a lapse of ten years, the situation has not improved much. Lack of
enforcement of the prescribed recommendations is quite evident.
Issues
The major reason for continued decadence of the Ekamra Kshetra

heritage zone may be summarized as:
• Absence of any effective mechanism to legally implement the Fig. 11.9: Bindusagar
recommendations. Redevelopment by INTACH
• Lack of an appropriate organizational framework and necessary

byelaws.
• Lack of coordination amongst various implementing agencies

and lack of fund allocation.
• No attempt has been made to involve the local stakeholders

especially the temple trustees.
• An absence of an ‘enabling’ approach to integrate the Fig. 11.10: Congested roads

and unregulated built area
conservation of the old city with the development of the new
capital complex.
• A distinct and well defined role of old city in the greater context of
the capital complex has never been clearly defined.
To ensure a gradual transition of old city to the new town, it is necessary

to:
• Delineate and legally enact the heritage zone with specific

identification of core, buffer and outer heritage areas. Fig. 11.11: A neglected tank
242
Cultural Heritage
• Formulate guidelines for different degrees of intervention.
• New but regulated development within delineated area need to

be facilitated through enabling measures like incentives and
benefits.
• Joint ventures like BOT, BOOT, and Private Public Partnership

etc need to be explored.
Two recent projects are worth mentioning:

Fig. 11.12: Encroachments and
haphazard character 1) Restoration and beautification of Bindu Sagar Lake
2) Ekamra Ban project which has transformed a derelict area into

an ecological and medicinal plant garden based on traditional
concepts
These two projects successfully demonstrate the possibility of reviving

heritage for the benefit of a contemporary society.
Table 11.1: The Asta Ayatanas of Ekamra Kshetra
Ayatana Monuments & Water Bodies
First
Vindu-Sarovara Tank, Annantha Basudev Temple, Devi Padahara Temple, Tritheswar Mahadev Temple
Second Kapila Kunda Tank, Papanasini Tank, Maitresvara Temple, Varunesvara Temple, Venu-Kichaka (Kainci)
Temple, Isanesvara Temple, Punarisana Temple, Yameswar Temple
Ganga Yamuna Kunda (Tank), Gangeswar Mahadev Temple, Yamuneswar Temple, Devipada Temple,
Third Laksmisvara Temple, Kotititrtha Sarovara (Tank), Kotititheswar Temple, Svarnajalesvara Temple,
Sampurnajalesvara Temple, Sureswar Temple, Siddheswar Temple, Mukuteswar Temple, Siddha Kunda
(Tank)
Fourth Kedareswar Temple, Gouri Kunda (Tank), Gouri Devi Temple, Kedara Kunda (Tank), Shanta Siva Temple,
Lalityasvara Temple, Disisvari Devi Temple, Indresvara Temple ( Raja Rani)
Fifth Bramha Kunda (Tank), Brahmesvara Temple, Gokarnesvara Temple, Utpalekesvara Temple
Sixth Megha Tirtha, Meghasvara Temple, Bakreswara Temple, Kapalamochanesvara Temple
Seventh Atavu Tirtha, Atavukesvara Temple, Utreswar Temple, Bhimesvara Temple
Eighth Ramkunda ( Tank), Ramesvara Temple, Laxmaneswar Temple, Bharatesvara Temple, Shatrughnesvara
Temple, Gosagareswara Temple, Paradaresvara Temple, Gohrada
11.3.3 Zone 19: Dhauli and its adjoining area
Situated by the river Daya, Dhauli hill is important as a Buddhist tourist

destination as well as for the ancient rock edicts and sculptures. The hills
are also famous for the Kalinga war - a living testimony to King Ashoka's
transformation into Buddhism. The Dhavaleswar temple is one of the
larger temples in Dhauli, and attributed to the same period as the
Lingaraj Temple in Bhubaneswar. The place has beautiful landscapes.
However, land speculation around Dhauli is quite alarming. The
Fig. 11.13: Peace pagoda - significant historical, religious values as well as scenic value of the place
Shanti Stupa at Dhauli need to be preserved.
Cultural Heritage
Dhauli Hills are frequented by tourists and Buddhist pilgrims. Lack of

organized facilities for visitors is quite evident. There are opportunities to
develop harmonious activities in the surrounding that will reinforce
the value of this historic and spiritual centre.
11.3.4 Zone 20: Udayagiri and Khandagiri
Located at 6 km from Bhubaneswar, these two hills represent one of the Fig. 11.14: Excavated rock-cut
earliest groups of Jaina rock-cut architecture in eastern India. The hills caves
are honeycombed with excavated rock-cut caves, essentially meant for
the dwelling retreats of the Jaina recluses. On the basis of inscriptional
evidences, these caves were first excavated by king Kharavela of Chedi
dynasty and his successors who were devout Jainas during the first
century B.C. Structures are declared as protected monuments and sites
and maintained by ASI.
Some of the major issues are:
• Encroachments of protected monuments. Fig. 11.15: Lack of organized

parking
• Unsympathetic growth in close proximity of protected
monuments.
• Proximity to a fast developing urban corridor and

possible threats from pollution due to heavy vehicular
movement.
• Lack of organized parking and other facilities for tourists

and pilgrims
Surrounding area needs to be properly planned with appropriate activities Fig. 11.16: Unsympathetic
construction in close proximity
to preserve the architectural, historic and scenic values of this
ancient historic site.
Khurda was the capital of Orissa Kingdom from 1568 and played a
significant role in the history of Orissa. Its contribution is remarkable
especially in the field of military activities during Mughal, Maratha and
British. The Paikas of Khurda participated in a great movement against Fig. 11.17: Entry to Khurda Fort
Britishers known as Paika rebellion of 1817 and sacrificed their lives for
the sake of motherland.
Khurda gada or Khurda fort is the ‘Last Independent Fort’ of India and at
present protected by ASI. Quite a few temples, mathas and structures of
significant historical and architectural values are also located in close
proximity of Khurda Fort. However, very few tourists and visitors are
aware of their existence and hardly visit these areas.
Fig. 11.18: Entrance gate of
Brundaban Chandra Oriya
Matha, Garha Khurda
244
Cultural Heritage
Khurda is also known for its brass utensils and cottage industries. Nearby
hill is famous for Barunei temple - a famous picnic spot for its scenic
beauty.
The combined historical importance of Khurda Fort, the religious

importance of the Barunei temple as well as the surrounding areas
of hills and scenic beauty attribute the area with special
significance. The history and contribution of Paika tribe, their martial art
Fig. 11.19: Homage to local as well as local craft further add to the significance of this area which still
Heroes
has remained unexplored. An integrated plan and policy framework for
this is necessary to revive this area and its cultural resources.
11.3.6 Zone 25: Colonial and Cultural Heritage in Jatani
Jatani has been a very important railway station since the British rule.
19th century railway townships were pioneering town planning projects
with straight roads, tree lined avenues and low density low rise bungalow
Fig. 11.20: Barunei Temple on houses. Jatani is an example of such planned railway township. Existing
Barunei hills, Khurda
churches, bungalows, schools reflect rich colonial heritage of this area.
Varieties of communities live here. Cosmopolitan lineage is reflected in

significant number of temples, masjid and churches. Apart from
individual initiatives, no concerted effort has been taken to preserve or
highlight the special feature of this area. Many architecturally and
historically structures are in dilapidated condition.
As a whole the township deserve special attention for its colonial

heritage as a Company Town and new development must be
Fig. 11.21: Lack of Proper encouraged to revive the Town and its economy. Quite a few of
Infrastructure and Services
forces picnickers to squatter existing buildings and bungalows can be adapted to more contemporary
every where
use. Local craft, performing art and cultural traditions can be revived and
promoted to generate economy and tourism.
11.4 Issues
BDPA is emerging as a major capital complex with a global vision.
However, the growth and development must not choke the great cultural
heritage of this area or bypass its rich cultural legacy. Unscrupulous
developments in the vicinity of some of the heritage precincts need to be
stopped. On the other hand, protection of heritage should not end up in
converting a living heritage in a ‘museum city’. Along with protection of
heritage structures, special byelaws and incentives must ensure
Fig. 11.22: Church interior –
sympathetic and harmonious development in heritage areas.
well preserved through local
initiative
Proposal for Heritage and
Conservation
11.5 Proposal for Heritage and Conservation

11.5.1 Goals and policies
Heritage areas described above, show that these areas have intrinsic
opportunities to become an instrument for initiating positive changes and
to restore a sense of cultural identity of the residents of BDPA. State
Archeology and ASI are performing their role quite effectively. But it is
necessary to integrate al these special heritage areas and resources in a
larger format of emerging development of the Bhubaneswar urban
agglomeration.
Fig. 11.23: Water bodies and
With an aim of ‘living with heritage’, conservation policies must address: ghats are an integral part of
heritage precinct.
• Dynamic interaction between cultural heritage, society and the
natural environment.
• The future role of these diverse cultural and heritage resources in

the envisaged development scenario.
• Effective heritage management that focuses on various activities

like preservation and conservation, new developments, tourism
management, infrastructure development and heritage
interpretations.
Preservation of built, natural and cultural heritage and environments as

an integral to the overall process of development must be able to:
1. Preserve cultural and ecological diversity as far as possible.
2. Give priority to local value system.
3. Explore the new opportunities arising out of heritage resources.
4. Consider archeological and environmental conservation as tools

Fig. 11.24: Somanath Temple,
to stimulate economic development. Bodapada, Jatani
5. Promote economic development in a healthy and sustainable
manner by appropriately using and preserving the heritage
resources.
6. Enforce a proper scrutiny so that short term benefits should not

take precedence over long term costs.
7. To use zoning and special area rules and regulations as tools to

establish an enabling environment and ensure resource
compatibility.
11.5.2 Tasks ahead

There is need for:
• Proper organizational set up to integrate all heritage related

activities under one objective and motive.
246
Conservation
• Scientific approach towards analysis and inventory of heritage

resources.
• Understanding the link between built, natural and cultural

heritage and identification of various stakeholders and their role.
• Implementation of Heritage Regulations.
• Formulation of policies for effective site management.
• Building up sufficient tourist facilities, providing adequate

information and guides to the tourists, self-guiding routes and
interpretation centers at significant heritage sites.
• Recognition of traditional knowledge systems and cultural

landscape as intangible heritage resource.
• Understanding of ‘living heritage’ through extensive survey of
communities of craftsmen and performers, understanding their
needs and expectations.
• Inventory of master builders, craftsmen and performers and to

recognize them as invaluable resource.
• Building up support system and extension programmes for

documentation of skills, training and research.
11.5.3 Constitution of Heritage Committee

It is being proposed to form a Heritage Committee to co-ordinate all
major heritage related works to protect, preserve and promote heritage
resources, involving different departments from different disciplines. The
committee will be working as a part of the Proposed Metro Authority.
Role and responsibilities of the Committee must be specified within the
framework of existing Town and Country Planning Act of the Orissa
State.
Committee Structure
The Heritage Committee should preferably be a formal committee so that

it has the support of the Metro Authority and can actively involve in the
decision making process. The detail composition of the Committee has
been discussed in the Perspective Plan.
Role of a Heritage Committee
The primary role of a heritage committee is to provide the best possible

advice to the Authority on how to conserve and promote heritage items in
its area; its responsibility should preferably include built , natural, historic
structures/precincts and other places inhabited by heritage communities.
Its major functions should include:
1 Prepare and monitor a Heritage Policy.
Conservation
2 The Heritage Committee should take up the responsibility of

preparing Draft Heritage Regulation for BCUC area, which after
review must be enacted as Regulation under Orissa Town
Planning Act.
3 Provide advice to the Metro Authority on the management of

heritage (this includes reviewing Authority’s or Government policies
which affect heritage sites and areas).
4 Make recommendations on the collection and recording of local

heritage material and artifacts.
5 Make recommendations on the nomination and deletion of items

from the heritage list prepared and maintained by it.
6 Supervise funding submissions to other agencies, including

requests for heritage grants from the relevant State, National and
International Heritage Funding Agency.
7 Raise community awareness of heritage conservation through

publications, seminars, public displays and annual heritage
awards.
8 Compile a register of local heritage suppliers and heritage

consultants.
It must be noted that:
The structure and precincts protected and maintained by ASI and

State Archaeology will continue to be taken care by the
respective agencies. However there must be coordination
between various agencies.
Various Acts, rules and regulations applicable for protected

monuments, structures and precincts have to be strictly adhered
to while sanctioning any development plan for such areas.
Many cities like Mumbai, Hyderabad, and Delhi have framed

special regulations for protection of heritage resources, sites and
areas. These can be taken up as models for framing heritage
regulations for BCUC area.
Scope for transfer of development rights, repair fund, tax

concessions, and soft term loan must be enforced to make
conservation as an enabling mechanism.
11.5.4 Heritage Regulations
11.5.4.1 Enactment of Heritage Regulations
1. Heritage Regulations must form an integral part/section of Orissa

State Town and Country Planning Act.
248
Conservation
2. The new Heritage Regulations are to be submitted as a separate

section of the revised Building Bye laws and Development
Control rules for BCUC area and to be approved after completing
stipulated legal formalities.
3. Jurisdiction of the Heritage Regulations must cover entire
planning area and to be implemented by the proposed BCUC
Metro Authority.
4. Heritage Regulations will be applicable to all those heritage
resources (heritage structures and heritage precincts) which will
be listed in notification to be issued by the Orissa Government.
5. The Heritage Regulations are meant for conservation of heritage
buildings and heritage precincts which are listed buildings, areas,
artifacts, structures and precincts of historical and/or aesthetical
and/or architectural and/or cultural value.
6. No development/ redevelopment / repair work should be carried
out for the listed heritage structures and or precinct without prior
permission of the Chairman of the BCUC Metro Authority. The
Chairperson shall act on after consultation with the Heritage
Conservation Committee as proposed.
7. In relation to religious buildings/ precincts, changes/repairs/
additions, alterations and renovations required on religious
grounds mentioned in sacred texts or as a part of religious
practices laid down in religious codes shall be treated as
permissible subject to their being in accordance with original
structure, design, aesthetics and other special features. However
before arriving at any decision, the Chairperson shall take into
consideration the recommendations of the Heritage Conservation
Committee.
8. Heritage Regulations must also have special provisions for
intangible heritage resources (practices, rituals, skills etc.). It is
preferable to have separate sub sections for Tangible and
Intangible heritage resources.
11.5.4.2 Enlisting of Heritage Buildings and Heritage Precincts
• It is necessary to prepare an inventory of built and natural

heritage of the area. The inventory must include both protected
and unprotected resources.
• The list of buildings, artifacts, structures and precincts of
historical and/or aesthetical, and/or architectural, and or cultural
value to which regulations applies shall not form a part of the
regulation. The list may be supplemented, altered, deleted or
modified from time to time by Government on receipt of
proposals from the Chairman or from the said Conservation
Committee.
Conservation
• If it is needed to alter, modify, relax regulations in interest of

conservation or greater public interest, the Chairperson shall
have the power with the approval of the Government and after
consultation with the Conservation Committee.
• Provided that said alterations /modifications will cause undue
loss to owners/lessee of Heritage Buildings/ precincts, the
Chairperson shall give an opportunity of hearing to the said
owner/lessee and to the public.
11.5.4.3 Enlisting of Intangible Heritage Resources
The intangible heritage includes the extant culture of traditional buildings

skills and knowledge, rites and rituals, social life and life styles of the
inhabitants which together with tangible resources constitute the ‘living’
heritage. An inventory of such intangible resources and a Register of
crafts people must be taken up.
11.5.5 Grading of listed buildings/structures and precincts
All listed heritage resources are not of the same value, hence the
objectives of conserving them and scope for changes vary. Thus it is
necessary to grade the heritage resources. Different categories Grade I,
Grade II (A& B) and Grade III are being suggested for heritage resources
of BCUC area. Criteria for grading, implications and scope have been
discussed in the Perspective Plan and need to be referred.
11.5.6 Delineation of Heritage Zones and Procedure

Permission in all the above mentioned cases would be given by the
BCUC Metro Authority as per the advice of the Heritage Conservation
Committee in consonance with the guidelines laid down by the
Government (in consultation with the Heritage Conservation Committee).
Considering significance and concentration of heritage structures, various

heritage zones have been identified. These are calcified as Special
heritage zones or Environmentally Sensitive Zones depending on
their specific charecterisitcs and significance (delineation as per land
use map). For each of the identified Special heritage zones, a detailed
Zonal Development and Special Area Action plan be initiated by the
proposed BCUC Metro Authority with guidance from proposed Heritage
Cell. Concerned agencies/municipalities will be responsible for execution
and implementation of the Special Area Action Plan.
Objective for such plans must be to ensure continuity of specific

significance through a policy of ‘management of change’. Change has to
be permitted but that must be decided by a systematic analysis of
significance and formulation of policy and plans. Guidelines and
250
Conservation
management policies for heritage zones/cultural sites are discussed in

section 11.8 - Heritage Management & Organizational Structure.
11.5.7 Special heritage zones
The major heritage sites of BDPA need to be managed as Special Areas.

Idea is not to freeze the development but to manage regulated and
guided change (except in exceptional circumstances like areas declared
as protected by ASI or State Archeology). Change has to be permitted
Fig. 11.25: Udayagiri Khandagiri
but that must be decided by a systematic analysis of significance of the
to be designated as special
heritage area area as well as formulation of specific policies and guidelines. It is
suggested that following areas are declared as Special heritage zones
(Map-11.3) and (Table-11.2).
• Zone 18 Ekamra Kshetra
The old city of Bhubaneswar
• Zone 16 Aitihasik Kshetra
Sisupalagarh and its surroundings
• Zone 19 Sanskritik Kshetra
Dhauli and its surroundings
• Zone 20 Udayagiri and Khandagiri
• Zone 24 Khurda Fort and Barunei

Fig. 11.26: Khurda Garh –to be
promoted as a special area • Zone 25 Cultural and Colonial Heritage at
Jatani
It is recommended that:
1. Identified Heritage zones are to be declared as important cultural

sites of BDPA and protected and preserved as Special Areas.
2. For each of the identified Heritage Areas, Special Action Plan is

initiated by the proposed planning authority in collaboration with
the concerned Municipality.
Fig. 11.27: Under utilized
colonial bungalow in need of
3. In addition to enforcement of relevant acts whichever is
rehabilitation
applicable to the monuments /precincts/sites, Special Area Rules
and Byelaws are to be prescribed for the identified special areas.
4. A detail inventory of all the resources, built, natural and cultural

for the Heritage sites as well as other heritage resources for the
entire BDPA has to be prepared by proposed Heritage
Committee for BCUC Metro Area. Enlisting and grading of all
heritage resources are to be taken up on a priority basis for any
further detail recommendation.
Fig. 11.28: Mukteswar complex 5. To ensure proper accessibility and connectivity to the heritage
in Ekamra Kshetra
areas, Heritage Trails have been proposed. Development of
Zone wise Detail
Recommendations
necessary facilities for tourists and visitors along these routes at

appropriate locations need to be encouraged.
6. Various modes of operations (BOT, BOOT etc.) can facilitate

resource generation and quality improvement.
Table-11.2 shows proposed activities and land use classification of

various Heritage Zones in BDPA. For each zone, broad
recommendations outlining significance, objective and permissible
activities are dealt in the following section. These can serve as useful
guidelines for preparing Action Plan.
11.6 Zone wise Detail Recommendations

Zone wise proposal and recommendations are outlined below:
11.6.1 Zone 16: Aitihasik Kshetra- Sisupalagarh and its

adjoining area (Map-11.5)
Proposal - Aitihasik Kshetra (Archeological Park and Protected

Archeological Reserve) and sympathetic development of necessary
facilities and amenities.
Land use category Special Heritage Zone, Environmentally

Sensitive Zone (delineation as per land use map)
To generate public interest in the history of Orissa and also to generate

revenue, it is being proposed to develop the area as Aitihasik Kshetra
(Archeological Park) with proper maintenance and landscaping, planned
heritage trails and basic minimum facilities.
The area within the fort along with is rich in archeological remains, both
above and below the ground, requires protection from damaging land use
practices and intrusive development. Because of its immense historical
potential, the status of the area as a protected site needs to be strictly
adhered to.
Protected Area
1. Up to 100 meters from the fort walls - Protected area. No

constructional activity and mining operation permitted.
2. Beyond 100 meters from the fort walls and up to 200 meters -
regulated area. No large scale activities allowed.
All historical structures and tank within the Zone 16 are to be enlisted,
graded and suitable recommendations be formulated by the proposed
Heritage Committee.
Considering immense historical importance of the site as revealed by

earlier and recent excavations, ASI must complete the acquisition
process within a short time.
252
Zone wise Detail
Recommendations
Permissible Activities
Following projects can be developed in consultation with ASI, State

Archeology, proposed Heritage Committee and Local NGO’s.
1. Historical Theme Park ; Son-et-luminiere show (in the line of the

one in Red Fort, New Delhi ) to project rich cultural history of
Orissa.
2. Special guided tours for visitors and tourists who have a special
interest in archeology, architecture, art and culture of Orissa and
will be willing to contribute to conservation through high entry
fees.
3. Special tours for school children to show the excavated

archeological sites.
4. Temporary training camps and workshops for students of

archeology, art and architecture, as well as, conservation
specialists.
5. Revival of the surrounding moat which will act as a buffer, as well

as, for boating as a recreational facility.
6. Activities that are permitted within the zone but beyond the
protected area are amphitheatre, heritage interpretation centre,
five star resorts, water front development, garland lake system.
11.6.2 Zone 18: Old Bhubaneswar - Ekamra Kshetra Heritage

Zone (Map-11.6)
Land use category Special heritage zone (delineation as per land

use map)
Ekamra Kshetra Heritage Zone must continue to be a living heritage with

scope for accommodating new activities and development that are
conducive to predominant activity of a temple town.
Total freezing off new development will lead to a general decay and is not
advisable. In case of totally derelict and unlisted structures, new
construction / developments may be allowed. Strict urban design
guidelines and regulations must govern the design to ensure a
harmonious and sympathetic development. Any construction,
addition/alteration must be approved by the proposed Heritage
Committee as per Special Heritage Regulation.
11.6.2.1 Delineation of heritage zones in Ekamra Kshetra
Delineation of Core Heritage Zone, Intermediate Heritage Zone and

Outer Heritage Zone is proposed (Map-11.7) to ensure varying degree of
Zone wise Detail
Recommendations
development controls. Delineation has been based on the basic premise

to revive the Ashta Ayatana concept as well as the prevailing situation of
the old city. Suggestions made in earlier reports (INTACH and ODP) for
core, intermediate and outer heritage areas have also be given due
consideration.
Along with a Special Area Development Plan, special bye-laws and

regulations are to be formulated for Ekamra Kshetra Heritage Area by the
proposed BCUC Heritage Committee.
• All historical structures, tanks, precincts, as well as, significant

secular structures within Zone 18 are to be enlisted, graded and
suitable recommendations to be formulated by the proposed
Heritage Committee. A considerable amount of work in this
respect is already completed by INTACH, State Archeology and
ASI. The list needs to be updated with specific proposals.
• Development controls specifying maximum coverage, set back

regulations, FAR, building height and maximum number of floors
must be specified for inner, intermediate and outer cores.
• It is recommended that for inner and intermediate cores,

maximum permissible height 10 M , 1.5 FAR
• Urban design guidelines for enhancement of the streetscape

quality must be prescribed. This includes aspects like colour and
finishes, material, ornamentation, openings, roofline etc. This
must be enforced specially for some of the streets. e.g. ritual
streets (Ratha Danda), streets adjoining Lingaraj temple complex
and Bindusagar.
• Infill development to accommodate tourist/pilgrim related

activities as well as to satisfy community requirements is
permissible.
• Adaptive re-use of some underused precincts, mathas, premises

as guest houses and, public facilities is advisable.
• Restoration and augmentation of vernacular structures for limited

and restricted guest accommodation is permissible.
• New construction and /or addition alteration must be approved by

the Heritage Committee.
• It is suggested to install ‘Symbolic Gates’ at identified four major

entry points as shown in the map (Map-11.8).
254
Zone wise Detail
Recommendations
Core Heritage Area:
Restricted development.
• Only pilgrimage and tourist related activities.
• New development allowed but must be carefully scrutinized by

Heritage Committee.
• Pedestrian friendly environment and predominantly pedestrian

circulation except emergency vehicle and special entry permit
Fig. 11.29: Need for
improvement of roads in the for permanent residents.
core heritage area
• Special urban design guidelines for streetscape, tourist facilities,
commercial activities, signboards.
• Water bodies and tanks need to be restored for ritual purpose,

as well as public amenities.
• Ashta Ayatana needs to be revived through appropriate

guidelines for streetscape, landscaping and movement network.
Fig. 11.30: Ekamra Van along Intermediate Heritage Area:

the embankment of restored
Bindusagar for public amenities Controlled development
• Specific regulations must be proposed for this area.
• Facilities related to religious and tourist activities.
• Only light vehicles (cars, two wheelers) to be allowed.
• Amphitheatre and parking areas have been proposed.
• Need to retain and preserve the ecologically low lying area that
serves as drainage channel. These open areas must be
developed as organized green and suitably landscaped.
• Ritual routes, certain important roads like Tankapani Road, as

well as Bindusagar area need to be redeveloped with
appropriate streetscape and proper activities. Traditional
architecture/Vaastu astrology research centre, meditation
centres are examples of desirable activities.
Outer Heritage Area:
Regulated Development
• Well developed residential area.
• Restriction on high rise development.
• Intrinsic morphology of the area must not be disrupted.
• Improvement and augmentation of facilities and amenities for

the residents.
Zone wise Detail
Recommendations
• Centres for traditional art and craft, promotion and training

centres for traditional and local skill (dance, music, manuscript,
painting, art, scriptures.
• It is preferable to restrict heavy vehicles like trucks, big buses

within this area. Time specific restriction may be pursued.
• Identified Entry Points need to be visually strengthened by

symbolic gates harmonious with the architectural character of
the area.
• Daya West canal along with proposed embankment and proper

landscaping measures is expected to serve as a recreational
zone as well as a pleasing edge to the Ekamra Kshetra Heritage
Zone.
11.6.3 Zone 19: Sanskritik Kshetra (Dhauli and its adjoining

area) (Map-11.9)
use map)
Dhauli is significant nationally as well as internationally as a part of

Buddhist pilgrimage site. Preservation of cultural landscape and serenity
is a prime objective.
It is being proposed to develop Utkal Sanskriti Prangan in the specified

Environmentally Sensitive Area. Activities like Kala Vikas Kendra, Peace Fig. 11.31: Traditional
Settlement -Temple Well,
Park, Buddhist Interpretation centre, Buddhist monasteries, meditation Mangala Mandir, Garh Khurda
centres, etc. may be permissible. Preservation of natural green may be
ensured through promotion of horticulture and pisiculture
11.6.4 Zone 20: Udayagiri and Khandagiri and adjoining area

(Map-11.10)
Land use category Special Heritage Zone (delineation as per land

use map)
Activities proposed are fair ground, cultural complex, Jain interpretation

centre and museum.
Permissible activities are facilities and amenities for tourist and pilgrims.
Large scale natural green area required for protecting structures from
pollution. The issue of encroachment must be dealt effectively.
256
Zone wise Detail
Recommendations
11.6.5 Zone 24: Khurda Fort and Barunei Temple (Map-11.11)

Land use category Special Heritage Zone (delineation as per land
use map)
Proposed to be developed as a Cultural Landscape Site.
1. The historically important Fort must be well protected and need

to be properly promoted.
2. The adjoining village needs to be preserved and promoted as a

Fig. 11.32: An ancient road living heritage. Residents, their rituals and beliefs, historical and
from Garha Khurda to Barunei spiritual structures, settlement pattern, water bodies all are
temple which is not in use at
present closely linked with Khurda Fort through history and the linkages
need to be highlighted through proper historic interpretation and
presentation.
1. Proposed activities are Centre for Martial art, Folk art

and craft museum and Picnic spots at Barunei.
2. It is being suggested to revive the traditional route

connecting Khurda Fort and Barunei Temple for
pedestrian movement and nature trails.
Fig. 11.33: recommendation for
adaptive reuse of unused
Colonial structures
11.6.6 Zone 25: The Built Heritage in Jatani (Map-11.12)

use map)
• Delineation of the Railway Township as Special heritage zone

and encourage redevelopment of the township.
• Any development should preserve the essential characteristics of

colonial town planning heritage like low rise low density
development, bungalow houses, grid iron street pattern, tree
lined avenues.
Fig. 11.34: Balamukunda
Temple, Harirajpur, Jatani – • Special urban design guidelines must be prescribed for the area.
unlisted heritage
New construction must be specially scrutinized and regulated to
ensure harmonious and sensitive development.
• Preservation of significant structures (churches, temples/

mosques, schools, residential structures)
• Adaptive reuse of old unused colonial structures.
1. Restoration and rehabilitation of unused or derelict heritage

structures to accommodate new activities like industrial museum,
Fig. 11.35: A well preserved conferences, guest houses, club houses, technical
Church at Jatani schools/institutes etc.
Zone wise Detail
Recommendations
2. Revitalisation of Railway Township needs an integrated physical

and economic planning along with proper landscape planning,
well organized guided tours and promotion of conference and
holiday packages and involvement of local residents.
11.6.7 Proposed Cultural Hub (Map-11.4)
The major cluster of Special Heritage Zones - Ekamra Kshetra, Aitihasik

Kshetra (Sisupalagarh and its surroundings), Sanskritik Kshetra (Dhauli)
is proposed to be developed as the ‘Cultural hub’ for the entire BCUC
area. This region is in close proximity to the proposed National Highway
– the major movement spine for visitors and tourists. With proper
connectivity, new developments and proper development controls, the
‘Cultural hub’ is envisaged to act as the major cultural centre for BDPA
area.
Gateway to the Cultural Hub Zone 18
(Delineation as per land use map)
Lands in Kukudakhai and Nuagaon along Daya canal and in close

proximity to the proposed cultural hub is specifically earmarked for new
developments for tourists and pilgrims and recommended to be
developed as a ‘Gateway to the Cultural Hub’.
• The zone is proposed to act as an intermediate transition point

between capital city and cluster of special heritage sites
• This zone is expected to facilitate provision of tourism and

pilgrimage facilities of different categories for local, national as
well as international visitors,
• Special urban design guidelines must be prescribed for the area.

New construction must be specially scrutinized and regulated to
ensure harmonious and sensitive development.
1. Fair ground, camping sites for pilgrims on special festive

occasions
2. Lodges, guest houses, hotel, youth hostels, dharmasalas to

accommodate the regional, national and international tourists
and piligrims.
3. Open air living museum of art, architecture, lifestyles, crafts and

performing arts of Orissa /Architectural Heritage interpretation
Centre (in the line of Dakshin Chitra near Chennai).
4. Museums, archives, open air theatres.
5. Theological Universities, Vedic research centers, centres for

astrological studies and Vaastu research centres and similar type
of institutions.
258
Heritage & Tourism- an
Integrated Approach
6. Meditation centres, Yoga and Spiritual centres, multipurpose

halls for rituals, ceremonies etc.
7. Pilgrim and tourist interpretation centres, tourist promotion

centers, tourist offices and information centres.
8. Training centers, Art and Craft village for development and

display of traditional and local skills (dance, music, manuscript,
painting, art, scriptures, cuisine), Center for Performing Arts etc.
9. Souvenir shops, florists, boutiques and restaurants (especially

those specialized in local cuisine).
10. Parking/bus stations for pilgrims/tourists, travel agents etc. and

various other tourism related facilities and amenities to serve the
regional, national and international tourists and piligrims.
11.7 Heritage and Tourism and - an integrated

approach
While the rich and diversified heritage and cultural aspects can play key
role in giving the urban area a distinct character, tourism industry can
boost the economic prosperity of the area.
A comprehensive heritage and tourism development plan is a

prerequisite for developing potential of heritage resources. Some of the
fundamental principles of such a development plan are:
1. Benefits to both conservation and tourism.
2. Long term interests of the local people - living and working in

heritage areas should be the determining factor in selecting
options.
3. A significant proportion of revenue earned from tourism be

applied for the benefit of conservation.
4. Educational programmes and awareness campaigns to assist

and invite tourists and visitors to respect and understand the
local way of life, culture, history and religion.
11.7.1 Integrated movement network of heritage, tourism and

recreation (Map-11.3)
To promote economic development of the Special heritage zones in a

healthy and sustainable manner, ‘Connectivity’ is an essential
prerequisite. Connectivity that will be convenient, cost and time effective
as well a pleasurable one. For an enabling approach of heritage
conservation, it is necessary to explore the new opportunities arising out
the proposed movement network.
Heritage Circuits & Heritage
Trails
Recommendations for integrating tourism network with archeological and

environmental conservation are:
a) Road network connecting all special heritage zones with major

transport nodes ( airport , rail station, bus routes and proposed
MRT) ensuring a gradual transition of various modes of travel – air/
railways/MRT – luxury buses – cars - boats/battery operated para-
transit - two wheelers – pedestrian.
b) Recreational waterways connecting some of the heritage sites

and proposed facilities for tourists and pilgrims - Gangua Nallah
(of historical association and significance) provide an opportunity of
an alternative water route to access various heritage sites.
It is being proposed to widen the Gangua canal to 100m. A system of

proposed interconnected lakes and water bodies and with proper
dredging and control of water flow, the canal can be made navigable
for recreational purpose and facilitate excursions to heritage sites.
This will be a new opportunity using the natural resources and a
definite value addition to some of the important heritage sites.
• Proper connectivity between (a) and (b) is important and must be

designed in a holistic and integrated manner.
• All transit points need special attention with regard to provision of

facilities, connectivity, awareness and publicity, signage system,
proper restrictions, smooth transition from one mode to other.
• All places of recreation, proposed cultural centres, museums,

resorts and hotels, tourist and pilgrim facilities must form an
integral part of Heritage circuits/trails/walks and be strategically
located.
11.8 Heritage Circuits and Heritage Trails

• Easy connectivity to heritage sites is a prerequisite for effective
heritage management. Accordingly several routes are being
proposed.
• At a regional scale, a Heritage Circuit is proposed that will

connect all the Special heritage zones within BDPA with Puri and
Konark (the Golden Triangle), as well as the proposed heritage
areas in other parts of BCUC e.g. in Cuttack and Choudwar.
• At local level, various routes and trails are highlighted to ensure

connectivity between major heritage areas within BDPA.
Several heritage circuits, heritage trails and heritage walks with possible
options are outlined below. Approximate number of days is also
mentioned as a suggestive indicator for future planning.
260
Heritage Circuits & Heritage
Trails
11.8.1 Heritage Circuit
BDPA and its surrounding areas- Cuttack - Choudwar - Pipili –Konark -

Puri – (5 – 6 days approx).
11.8.2 Heritage Trail
Option 1:
Ekamra Kshetra - Dhauli and proposed Utkal Sanskriti Prangan -

Sisupalagarh (proposed Aitihasik Kshetra) (1 day).
Udayagiri and Khandagiri - Khurda Fort and Barunei temple – Colonial

and Cultural heritage of Jatani (1 day).
Option 2:
Ekamra Kshetra -Udayagiri and Khandagiri - Dhauli and proposed

Sanskriti Prangan - Sisupalagarh (proposed Aitihasik Kshetra ) – Khurda
Fort – Barunei – Jatani (approx. 2-3 days).
11.8.3 Heritage Walks

Heritage Walks within Ekamra Kshetra, Sisupal, Dhauli, Barunei (1/2 or 1
day).
• Heritage Routes must be supported with necessary facilities,

augmentation and improvement of road network and water ways,
transit nodes, signage and trained guides.
• Proposed movement network and future transit nodes must be

given due consideration for augmentation of facilities.
• Appropriate facilities and amenities need to be encouraged along

the proposed Heritage Routes.
• Existing Heritage Walks promoted by INTACH within Ekamra

Kshetra heritage zone need to be revitalized and facilitated.
11.9 Heritage Management & Organisational Structure

Specific management strategies are to be detailed out for various
heritage sites and adjoining environmentally sensitive areas.
Management and presentation of heritage sites must be integrated with
tourism development plan and be based on carrying capacity, the level of
use that the archaeological structures /precincts can withstand without
damage either to the fabric or to the ecology.
Broad management guidelines have been specified in Table-11.2.

Interventions suggested are to be translated into detailed Action Area
Plans. In each case, attempt has been made to identify roles of public
and private agencies so as to ensure efficient Public–Private
Heritage Management &
Organisational Structure
relationships. An approximate costing has been worked out which has to

be reviewed during detailed planning phase. It is suggested that,
• Proposed Heritage Committee fro BCUC will be working in an

advisory capacity for preservation and development of all the
heritage zones. The structure, role and functions of the Heritage
Committee, have been discussed at length in the Perspective
Plan for BCUC.
• Respective Development Authorities/municipalities as well as

local stakeholders, NGOs have significant role to play in
successful implementation of strategies proposed for Special
heritage zones.
• Formulations of special regulations to control or mediate

development within the heritage Zones are a prerequisite for
effective implementation of the proposed recommendations.
• Special regulations for all development within heritage zones,

including new construction, demolition or modification to existing
buildings around historic structures or within historic precincts
must be formulated by the BDPA with the advise of Heritage
Committee as per the provision mentioned in ‘Conservation of
Heritage Buildings, Heritage Precincts and Natural Features’
(section 54) of the Bhubaneswar Development Authority
(Planning & Building Standards) Regulations, 2008.
• Detail plans must be prepared by respective development

Authorities and Municipalities.
• It is necessary to prepare an inventory of built, cultural and

natural heritage resources of the special zones. The inventory
must include both protected and unprotected resources.
Table-11.3 shows cost estimate for promotion and preservation of

heritage resources and development of special heritage zones in BDPA.
Cost for most of the new developments in special heritage zones is
already covered in budget allocation for ‘Tourism, Recreation and
Culture’ and hence not included in this table. Estimates for projects those
are specific for preservation of heritage resources are only included.
11.10 Conclusion
economy but also be able to play crucial and meaningful role in projecting
Bhubaneswar’s cultural identity. This will also contribute a great sense of
pride amongst the residents of BDPA and become a touchstone for future
development.
262
Table-11.2: Recommended actions, broad guidelines and proposed activities for Special Heritage Zones in BDPA
Zone Land use Levels of Control ( in areas marked in the

Name Significance Recommendation Uses Permitted
No. category respective maps)
ASI protected area
• Immediate acquisition by ASI Historical Theme Park, training camps and workshops, guided
tours, Son-et-Luminiere show with permission from ASI . • No construction in ASI restricted Area
• Formulation of detailed zonal plan
Beyond ASI protected area • Controlled and regulated development
• Enlisting and grading of heritage
Oitihasic Archeological, Any new development, any addition /alteration to be permitted as (beyond 100 meters), subjected to ASI
Special Heritage structures and precincts
anthropological and per Special byelaws. permission.
16 Kshetra Zone • Participation /involvement of local
historical , sensitive Heritage interpretation centre, museums, sculpture complex, • Any development should be in conformity
(Sisupalgarh) ecological zone people to be encouraged. auditorium complex, boating, picnic huts, garden, resorts, lagoon with special byelaws and regulations
• Public private partnership can be resort, water sports, garland lake. prescribed in Zonal plan and sanctioned by
explored for development beyond ASI Existing village settlement can be allowed to remain as it is. Any Heritage Committee
protected area modification and change has to be approved by Heritage
Committee.
• Formulation of detailed zonal plan
any new development, any addition /alteration to be permitted as • No construction in ASI restricted Area
• Enlisting and grading of heritage
per Special byelaws
structures and precincts • Any development should be in
core area
Core area conformity with special byelaws and
temple, pilgrim and tourist related activities, residential and
Living and cultural Preservation , urban design controls regulations prescribed in Zonal plan and
institutional also permissible with special regulations , tourist and
heritage, archeological, Intermediate area sanctioned by Heritage Committee
pilgrim related commercial activities , predominantly pedestrian
architectural and Infill development , urban design controls , • Restricted Development in core area.
Special Heritage movement
Ekamra historical , setback regulations , envelop control , Maximum permissible height 10 M , 1.5
Zone intermediate area
Kshetra sensitive ecological zone development of distinct streetscape FAR
Two wheelers and light vehicles , Amphitheatre and parks in
(open spaces , drainage /townscape features to reinforce important
ecologically sensitive area • Controlled Development in intermediate
basins, water bodies and vistas area.
outer area
water recharge areas) Ecologically sensitive area Maximum permissible height 10 M ,
residential, institutional, recreational, commercial activities
Open air activities 1.5 FAR
,tourism and pilgrimage related new development, camping sites ,
Outer area
parking areas, hotels, open air museum, no heavy vehicle • Regulated Development in outer
Redevelopment and sympathetic new area
allowed, only small buses minibuses and cars allowed
development, Symbolic Gateways
• Formulation of detailed zonal plan, • No construction in ASI protected area
Sanskritik enlisting and grading of heritage Guided tours • Regulated Development beyond ASI limits
Historical, archeological Special Heritage
structures and precincts Limited visitor facilities • Any development should be in
19 Kshetra and architectural Zone
• Preservation of rock edicts, stupa
significance conformity with special byelaws and
(Dhauli) • Preservation of natural green, hills regulations prescribed in Zonal plan and
• Utkal Sankriti Prangan sanctioned by Heritage Committee
• Formulation of detailed zonal plan, • No construction in ASI protected area
Udayagiri enlisting and grading of heritage Cultural and religious activities, • Regulated Development beyond ASI limits
Historical, archeological Special Heritage
structures and precincts. guided tours ,organized parking, limited visitor facilities • Any development should be in
20 and and architectural Zone
• Preservation of rock cut conformity with special byelaws and
Khandagiri significance
architecture, historic caves and regulations prescribed in Zonal plan and
natural green sanctioned by Heritage Committee
No construction in ASI protected area
Formulation of detailed zonal plan Any development should be in conformity with
enlisting and grading of heritage special byelaws and regulations prescribed in
structures and precincts Zonal plan and sanctioned by Heritage
Khurda Fort Special Heritage Committee
24 and Barunei Historical site Zone
Khurda fort - protection by ASI Preservation Restricted development
Temple
Adjoining Village Residential Regulated Development
Barunei temple - preservation by Trust Religious
Surrounding landscape may be developed Regulated Development
under PPP Recreational
No construction in ASI protected area
• Delineation of Railway Township as Religious, institutional , recreational, residential , industrial
Any development should be in conformity with
special Area. museums
special byelaws and regulations prescribed in
Built and • Detailed zonal plan to be formulated for
Zonal plan and sanctioned by Heritage
Diverse architectural Special Heritage revitalisation of colonial heritage of
Cultural Committee
25 heritage and indigenous Zone RailwayTownship.
• Regulated Development
Heritage , craft and skills • Enlisting and grading of heritage
Jatani • Any development should be in conformity
structures and precincts
with special byelaws and regulations
• Preservation and restoration of
prescribed in Zonal plan and sanctioned by
enlisted churches, schools, temples.
Heritage Committee
Table 11.3: Cost of Preservation and Promotion of Heritage
Zone area Cost

Zone No. Location Description Broad Zone Proposed Heritage and Cultural functions
in Sqkms (In Crores)
Acquisition, excavation , documentation and protection of archeological sites; Archeological park in and around Sisupalgarh;
Sisupal
16 Sensitive Development 26.53 Facilities for training camps and workshops, guided tours and Son-et-luminiere show; Rehabilitation packages. (Acquisition 35
(BMC, BDPA Rural)
cost not included)
Preservation and restoration of heritage structures, precincts and water bodies ; Preservation and development of ecologically
sensitive areas as organized and natural green; Amphitheatre ; Development of pedestrian ways and parking areas ,
Old Bhubaneswar development of ritual routes and strengthening of asta ayatana through urban design elements ; Facilities for pilgrims and tourists,
18 Restricted Development 18.41 100
(BMC, BDPA Rural) Construction of symbolic gateways , Camping sites for pilgrims, restoration and adaptive reuse of heritage structures as
guest houses, community centers, training of guides , promotion of traditional craft and cuisine, Open Air Craft and Heritage
promotion centre (Acquisition cost not included)
Dhauli
19 Sensitive Development 13.26 Facilities for pilgrims and tourists; Parking areas 10
(BDPA Rural)
Aigania Preservation of heritage structures and precincts ; Facilities for pilgrims and tourists; Parking areas; development of organized
20 Extensive Development 36.07 30
(BMC, BDPA Rural) and natural green; training and promotion of traditional craft ( potters , stone masons) , craft villages.
Acquisition, documentation and protection of archeological sites, Preservation and restoration of heritage structures, precincts
and water bodies, Centre for Martial art, Folk art and craft museum, Facilities for pilgrims and tourists; Parking areas,
Khurda
23
(Khurda M.)
Intensive Development 16.52 Promotion of traditional craft , Restoration and adaptive reuse of heritage structures as guest houses, dharmasalas , 25
community centres and institutions. (Acquisition cost not included)
Promotion of Heritage Tourism in Khurda Garh, Heritage Interpretation Centre, Acquisition, documentation and protection of
Barunei
24
(Khurda M., BDPA Rural)
Sensitive Development 24.57 archeological sites, Preservation and restoration of heritage structures, precincts and water bodies, Revitalisation of traditional 15
route connecting Khurda Fort and Barunei Temple, Facilities for pilgrims and tourists;
Revitalisation of colonial heritage of Railway township; Adaptive reuse of Colonial Bungalows for Club Houses, training
Jatani institutes, guest housed ; Preservation of enlisted heritage structures ; Restoration and rehabilitation of enlisted unused
25 Intensive Development 25.75 40
(Jatani M.) heritage structures e.g. mathas as guest houses, dharmasalas etc. (Acquisition cost not included)
Inventory of heritage resources (for the BDPA Planning Area) 10
Preservation and restoration of heritage structures, precincts and water bodies (for the BDPA Planning Area ) (Acquisition cost not included) 30
Public awareness (for the BDPA Planning Area) 5
Total 300
Environmental Profile of
Environment and Disasters 12
Bhubaneswar
12.1 Environmental Profile of Bhubaneswar
12.1.1 Air Environment

The deterioration in the quality of air environment is an issue of concern
for any developing urban complex like the BDPA. Air pollution problems
arise from the confluence of atmospheric contaminants, adverse
meteorological conditions, and certain topographical features. The
meteorological conditions direct and restrict the dispersion of
contaminants, causing them to accumulate at harmful levels. So, without
understanding the meteorological conditions, the atmospheric stability,
wind pattern and direction prevailing in the area, it is not possible to
exactly predict the intensity of air pollution and comment on the quality of
the air environment. The dominant wind directions are from SW followed
by N, NE, W and S. The wind blowing towards NE and SW are having
speeds up to 20 km/h. The annual mean rainfall is around 1550 mm.
Maximum rainfall of 329.5mm is noted in August (325.3 mm) and
minimum (5.5 mm) in December. The relative humidity goes up to 85% in
July, August, and September; whereas it is minimum (66%) in December.
The maximum summer temperature is around 30-380C, with a minimum
~ 150C in winters.
12.1.1.1 Sources of air pollution
The major sources of air pollution in Bhubaneswar are the various

activities that contribute to the rising levels of pollutants such as Stone
crushers, Brick Kilns, Industrial, Vehicular and Domestic fronts.
Stone crushers
Nearly 19 stone crushers are operating within the city limits, mostly along
the southwestern end of NH5 near the Bhagabanpur industrial estate.
Crushing in all plants is done with jaw crushers without having any
pollution control devices. The aggregates and fines are stored in the
open and light dust always gets airborne. As the city falls on the leeward
direction, this effect is not serious. The areas like Bhagabanpur,
Tamando, Patrapara, Sankarpur, Subhudhipur, Bijipur, Damodarpur
within 200m from stone crushers falls in Impact Area I; whereas, the
areas Sijua, Begonia, Ajmer, Ghatikia, Sampur, Baramunda, Khandagiri
and Udaygiri, Nayapalli, IRC village within 2 km are in Impact Area II. The
SPM load from the stone crushers of Bhubaneswar is given in Table-12.1
12 Environment and Disasters
Bhubaneswar
Table 12.1: Particulate Emission from Crushing operations
Sl. Suspended
Crushing Estimated SPM
No Dry crushing dust
capacity pollution load
operation emission
(t) (T/day)
(kg/MT)
1 Primary crushing 1000.0 0.05 722.00
Secondary crushing
2 1610 0.30 50.00
screening
3 Tertiary crushing screening 332.5 1.80 118.75
4 Re-crushing & screening 95.0 1.25 483.00
5 Fines Mills 321.1 2.25 598.50
Source: OWSSB, Detailed project report volume-IV, Integrated sewerage and solid
waste management for abatement of pollution of rivers Kuakhai and Daya at
Bhubaneswar, 2005
Brick kilns
Around 45 brick kilns are in operation along the Puri-Cuttack road without
having any pollution control devices and 21 kilns are within 500m
distances from each other. The capacity of kilns varies from 10,000 and
25,000 tons. Nearly 100kgs of coal is consumed for 1000 bricks. The
major pollutants from these kilns are SPM and NOx. It was estimated that
by consuming 1750 T/day of coal, 398125 kg/day of SPM and 19950
kg/day of SO2 will be produced. Areas like Banks of Kuakhai River,
Uttarasasan, Purbasasan which fall within 500m proximity to these kilns
are rated as Impact Area I; whereas Mancheswar, Gadagopinath Prasad,
Rasulgarh, Lakshmi Sagar and Baragada, which is around 1 km from
brick kilns are rated as Impact Area II.
Industries
The Orissa State Pollution Control Board identified 88 industries in
Bhubaneswar out of which 16 are air polluting and 34 are both air and
water polluting. Among the 45 industries in Mancheshwar Industrial
estate, 13 are water polluting and 3 are air polluting. In Bhagabanpur
Industrial Estate, 6 out of 9 are water polluting and remaining 3 are air
polluting. Also, 6 industries (out of 10) in Chandaka Industrial Estate
pollute air and 4 of them affect water. From the 6 identified industries of
Rasulgarh Industrial Estate, 5 affects water and 1 pollutes air. Out of 18
industries in outside Industrial Estate, 6 pollute water and 3 impacts air.
Based on the fuel consumption, type of fuel and their related emission
factors as per the stipulations of World Health Organization, the pollution
load worked out is given in Table 12.2. Accordingly, a ‘High risk zone’
(Impact Area I) within a distance of 2 km and a ‘Medium risk zone’
(Impact Area II) between 2-5 km were identified. The places like
Chandrasekharpur, Patharagadia, Patia, Damana, Shikharchandi,
Gadkana, Sainik school, Mancheshwar, Pandara, Bhagbanpur,
Patrapada, Bijipur, Tamando, Subudhipur, Kalinga Nagar, Sankarpur and
Bhubaneswar
Dumduma area falls in High risk zone. The areas like Bharatpur,
Sundarpur, Andharua, Malipada, Sampur, Ghatikia and the center of city
falls in Medium risk zone.
Table 12.2: Pollution load generated

from the Industrial Estates
Pollution Load kg/day

Sl. Type of
No Fuel
SPM SO2 NOx HC CO
1 Furnace
5.48 0.725 14.32 0.70 0.99
Oil
2 HSD 4.49 0.042 15.82 0.86 1.24
3 Coal 3731.00 186.960 123.00 8.20 16.40
4 Kerosene 0.70 0.006 2.47 0.13 0.19
-4
5 LPG 0.163 8.6x10 1.11 0.02 0.15
6 Firewood 9.59 0.350 3.5 0.7 0.70
3751.42 188.03 160.24 10.63 19.67
Bhubaneswar, 2005
Vehicular and domestic fronts

Like in any urban centre, Bhubaneswar also suffers air pollution from
domestic front. A growth rate of 39% in the vehicles between 1994 and
2000 were reported. Though, LPG is the most used fuel in the city, in the
rural and slum areas people use firewood, cow dung, kerosene and coal
contributing to air pollution.
In general 97.96% of the total air pollution load of Bhubaneswar are due
to SPM, followed by SO2 (0.9%), NOx (0.7%), CO (0.29%) and HC
(0.16%). So, it appears that stone crushers contribute much to this very
high SPM levels. Orissa State Pollution Control Board had conducted a
detailed survey on vehicular pollution in Bhubaneswar in 2002. LPG is
the most used fuel in the city, whereas in the slum areas where 30% of
population lives, firewood, cow dung, kerosene and coal are also used.
Accordingly, the pollution load from different types of vehicles and types
of fuel used are quantified and presented in Table 12.3.
Bhubaneswar
Table 12.3: Emissions of air pollutants from vehicular
and domestic fronts in Bhubaneswar
Vehicle Pollution Load (T/day)

Type
SPM SO2 NOx HC CO
Cars/Taxi’s 0.02 0.075 0.31 0.09 0.56
Jeeps 0.01 0.001 0.03 1.05 1.06
2 wheelers 0.05 0.001 0.43 1.01 1.64
3 wheelers 0.03 0.096 0.94 0.05 0.17
Buses 0.11 0.096 0.12 0.23 0.97
Trucks &
0.19 0.081 0.68 0.19 0.35
Tractors
Total 0.41 0.350 2.5 2.62 4.75
Domestic
sources Pollution Load (Kg/day)
LPG Fuel 24.16 0.260 105.82 9.78 25.31

Coal 191.86 1.400 70.00 14.00 14.00
Wood 191.86 1.400 70.00 14.00 14.00
Cow dung 95.87 0.695 34.99 7.00 7.00
on Kerosene 122.25 207.820 93.73 16.30 10.19
ng
Bhubaneswar, 2005
12.1.1.2 Recommendations to control air pollution
The available data on air pollution levels of Bhubaneswar indicates high

to critical levels of SPM in most of the locations, SO2 within limits, and
NOx on moderate to high levels.
The quality of air environment in Bhubaneswar appears deteriorating due

to the increased presence of these air pollutants. It can be expected that
the air quality of the area will move from bad to worse if sufficient
precautions are not taken. Industries, especially the stone crushers, brick
kilns, and already identified ‘polluting industries’ should be directed to
strictly observe pollution control norms. It is not the availability of the
pollution controlling equipments, but the regular monitoring of its
continuous operation in industries is more important. The help and
support from other regulatory bodies like the Pollution Control Board and
other environmental organizations should be sought in these monitoring
programmes.
12.1.1.3 Proposals to control air pollution
It is important to have meaningful interactions between the public,

industries and the authorities to provide sustainable alternatives to
reduce the industrial pollution and provide a clean air environment for
healthy habitations. Some recommendations are cited below for the
Proposals for Environment
consideration of the authorities, public, and industries for active

considerations:
1. A detailed air quality analysis of the area is to be done to identify

the most polluting and hazardous industrial units including the
source apportionment study for key pollutants, especially
particulate pollutants and NOx.
2. Industries in and around the area are to be advised to install and

operate electrostatic precipitator to control particulate pollutants,
especially stone crushers and for strict implementation of ISO
14000.
3. Necessary steps are to be initiated to provide a green belt

comprising thick vegetation of minimum 200m width around all
industries especially the stone crushers. Effective water spraying
arrangements are to be made at crushing units and handling
plants using mobile water sprinklers.
4. Industries are to be directed to maintain stack heights above the

inversion layer.
5. It is advisable to have greening of townships.
6. Automobile emissions should also be given importance as these

are sources of direct ground level pollution. The city should be
equipped with sufficient number of auto emission testing centers
where the petrol and diesel driven vehicles could be tested and
certified.
7. As far as possible the free coal supply for domestic use is to be

replaced with LPG.
8. Green belt development and Afforestation should be encouraged

which may act as sink for air pollutants.
9. Target the particulate matter levels especially re-suspension of

road dust and soil dust. As far as possible convert the unpaved
pathways to paved pathways to minimize re-suspension of road
dust and associated particulate pollution levels.
12.1.2 Water Environment

12.1.2.1 Sources of Water
Surface waters
The sources of water to Bhubaneswar includes surface sources
(Kuakhai, Daya and Mahanadi Rivers), ground water (open and tube
wells), and Lakes and ponds. The coliform count reported in surface
water sampling, from the Kuakhai and Daya Rivers in most of the cases
was above the permissible limits (Table 12.4). The characteristics of
surface water (as per the classifications of Central Pollution Control
Board) fall in the category of ‘Class-C’ which demands ‘conventional
treatment and disinfection’. The high coliform count reported especially in
River Daya is a clear indication of its pollution with sewage and human
excreta which is mainly discharged by the Gangua Nallah. Originating
from Gadakana Village, and flows along the eastern boundary of
Bhubaneswar and west of Daya River, Gangua Nallah serves as ‘sink’ for
all the major drains and ultimately transfers the pollution load to Daya
River at the southeast of Bhubaneswar near Kanti Village. The highly
polluted surface waters of River Daya demands high degree of treatment
for its use.
Lakes and Ponds

Being a temple town, Bhubaneswar is dotted with a number of water
bodies that serve as water sources for religious rituals and as
groundwater recharge basins. The results of water quality analysis
performed on seven such water bodies (Table 12.5) suggest that the
water in these lakes or ponds is unfit for bathing purposes or religious
rituals as it fails to satisfy the status of ‘B’ category.
Ground water
Ground water is also contributing much to the total water demand of
Bhubaneswar. It was reported that additional groundwater extraction
through localized sources is also in practice to meet increasing water
demand from high-rise residential dwellings, commercial entities and
related and consumers in areas not covered by the existing water supply
system. Water samples from open wells of areas like Palasuni Village,
Sainik School, Baramunda Bus Stand, Khandagiri Chhak, Niladri Vihar,
Satya Nagar, Sunderpada, Baragarh village and Vani Vihar are taken for
analysis. Also, tube well samples from areas like Baramunda Market
Complex, Khandagiri Chhak, Ram Mandir, Capital Hospital, Sunderpada,
Kalpana Area, Baragarh Brit Colony, Unit – IV Market, Vivekananda Marg
and Satya Nagar are also analysed. The results of water quality analysis
of these samples are summarized in Table 12.6. It can be seen that
though the general characteristics of water confirms to moderate quality,
the Coliform count in the case of open wells was found to exceed the
normative levels in some locations. In the case of tube wells, the low pH
and presence of iron especially from deep aquifers raises concern. These
results suggest that groundwater can be utilized for drinking water
purposes only after supplemental localized treatments.
Table 12.4: The range of average water quality of surface waters in Kuakhai and
Daya Rivers
Water Quality
Water Quality Criteria
No. Parameter Designated-
Benchmar Best-
Kuakhai Daya
k Use/Compli
ance
H
1 p 7.5 – 7.9 7.5 – 7.9 6.0 – 9.0 C / Nominal
Biochemical
2 Oxygen Demand 2.3 – 3.8 3.9 – 5.0 < 3.0 mg/l C / Exceeds
– BOD (mg/lit)
Dissolved oxygen
3 6.9 – 11 5.8 – 10.3 >4.0 mg/l C / Nominal
– DO (mg/lit)
Total Coliform – 451-
4 288-6,669 < 5,000 C / High
TC (MPN/100 ml) 11,000
Source: Environmental Management Plan, State Pollution Control Board, Orissa
Table 12.5: The range of average water quality of surface waters in Major Lakes and
or Ponds
Water Quality Criteria

Parameter Water Quality Designated-
Benchmark Best-Use /
Compliance
H
1 p 6.5 – 7.5 6.0 – 8.5 B / nominal
Biochemical
Oxygen
2 2.0 – 24.0 < 3.0 mg/l B / High
Demand – BOD
(mg/lit)
Dissolved
3 Oxygen – Do 4.2 – 7.0 > 5.0 mg/l B / Moderate
(mg/lit)
Total Coliform –
4 TC (MPN/100 290 – 9,000 < 500 B / High
ml)
Table 12.6: The range of average water quality of ground

waters from open wells and tube wells
Water Quality Water quality Criteria

No. Parameter Designated –
Open Tube
Benchmark Best – Use /
Well Well
Compliance
H
1 p 6.2 – 7.9 5.2 – 7.4 6.5 – 8.5 A / Moderate
Total Coliform –
2 7 - 55 ≤6 < 50 A / Moderate
TC (MPN/100 ml)
Fecal Coliform –
3 2 - 32 ≤2 < 50 A / Moderate
FC (MPN/100 ml)
12.1.2.2 Proposals to control water pollution
1. The results of water quality analysis of drinking water sources reveal

that both surface and ground water requires treatment before supply.
2. The River Daya appears highly polluted due to the discharge from
Gangua Nallah which carries a wide spectrum of pollution load from
the entire area. Care should be taken to see that the river is not
polluted much above its carrying capacity. The water from Daya should
be supplied for domestic use only after proper treatment, suggesting
the need for wastewater treatment plants.
3. The presence of fecal-coliforms in River waters is indicative of the

presence of domestic sewage including human excreta. The discharge
of septic tank effluents to the natural drains should not be permitted.
Soak-pits should be made mandatory for septic tanks. The open
defecation in the rural and semi urban areas may contribute to the
surface water or well water pollution. So, necessary steps may be
initiated to construct low cost community latrines in these areas
especially in slums to solve this problem.
4. The minimum clearance prescribed should be maintained between

wells and septic tanks or soak pits to prevent sub-surface and ground
water pollution. The application for building permits should contain all
these information and should be made mandatory. The residents are
to be advised against the improper construction and management of
septic tanks and soak pits.
5. The quality of water environment is invariably associated with the

implementation of a systematic solid waste, wastewater treatment
systems and implementation of a master drainage plan.
12.2 Need for Disaster Mitigation
The Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area has been prone to both

natural and man-made disasters since long. Natural disaster like wind
hazard is a regular feature in the area since 1965, but cyclone is less
frequently observed. Also, the BDPA comes under Very High Damage
Risk Zone- B, where the speed goes up to 50 m/s. Fig 12.1 shows the
Wind and Cyclone Hazard Zones in Orissa. Fig. 12.1: Wind and
Cyclone Hazard Zones in
Orissa
Need for Disaster Mitigation
The BDPA is also vulnerable to earthquakes. It comes under Moderate

Damage Risk Zone- MSK VII of Earthquake. Fig 12.2 shows the
Earthquake Hazard Zones in Orissa.
Though most of the areas are protected with embankment, the BDPA has
threats of floods in some of the areas. Fig 12.3 shows the Flood Hazard
Zones in Orissa. So, if we club together all the threats, we get a Multi
Fig. 12.2: Earthquake Hazard Hazard map of the BDPA region, showing the various hazards that the
Zones in Orissa
area is prone to (Fig. 12.4).
It is therefore necessary to reduce the consequences of natural disasters

by Planning, Preventing and Preparing the major urban communities so
that the local capacity is strengthened and they are prepared to respond
Fig. 1
to natural disasters. Haz
12.2.1 Vulnerability Issues in BDPA

Fig. 12.3: Flood Hazard Map
of Orissa 12.2.1.1 Earthquake and Fire
BDPA falls under Moderate Earthquake Vulnerability Zone III as stated in

the Vulnerability Atlas of Orissa. The Old Town area of the city is
particularly vulnerable to earthquake and fire because of dense housing,
narrow roads, co-joined houses and old structures. Apart from the Old
Town areas, the new development is in the form of many high rise
buildings, poorly maintained government buildings and slum sprawl in
Fig. 12
most areas with un-engineered dwellings, also vulnerable to earthquake. Zones
Fig. 12.4: Multi Hazard Zones In most recent times, there are some new developments around the
in Orissa
foothills of Udaygiri and Khandagiri which are vulnerable to earthquake
due to their site of construction and also due to surrounding old
structures on the ridge of the hills.
Mancheshwar, being the industrial area of the city is most vulnerable to

fire. Apart from this, some other areas along the Cuttack road,
Satyanagar, Kharvel Nagar, Laxmi sagar, Ashok Nagar, Bapujinagar,
SRIT colony and the old town area are more susceptible to fire due to the
presence of big slums and un-engineered co-joined houses. Apart from
this, some parts of Ward No. 4 are also vulnerable to fire moderately due
to scattered hutments. Some of the areas in Old Town area, Jharpada
and Pandara have narrow streets with buildings on both the sides making
it difficult for the fire engines to maneuver. Areas along Raj Bhavan, MLA
Fig. 1
colony, 120 battalion army, assembly, secretariat, AG office are also betwee
moderately vulnerable to fire and earthquake due to the heavy inflow of
population during office hours. During earthquake or fire, there are
Vulnerability Issues
chances of stampede making the area more vulnerable. Almost all the
high rise buildings in Bhubaneswar lack fire hydrant system thereby
making these buildings more vulnerable to fire. Also there is not enough
space left for the fire engines to reach all the corners of the city. In a
ow lying
more recent development, it is observed that communication towers are
being erected on buildings. This increases the vulnerability of such areas
to lightning strikes.
12.2.1.2 Flood and cyclone
Bhubaneswar falls under Very High Damage Risk Zone-B (50 m/s) as
stated in the Vulnerability Atlas of India 1997. Bhubaneswar experiences
regular cyclones throughout the year. The Old Town areas, especially
the area around Bindu Sagar and Lingaraj Temple is highly vulnerable to
Cyclones due to poor construction of buildings, old buildings, narrows
lanes and congested housing. Moreover, the slum housing with thatched
roofs and poor quality building material is more vulnerable to Cyclones.
Open areas with scanty vegetation such as Bhimpur, Pokhariput, and
Aiginia are also highly vulnerable to cyclones and wind. BDPA, although
blessed with natural drainage, has developed flooding problems due to
construction in low lying areas along the natural drains. Dwellings in and
around Ekamara Kanan, Jaydev vihar, Gajapati Nagar, Sainik School,
Vani Vihar, West of Mancheshwar, Acharya Vihar, Iskon Temple,
Aigania, Jagamara, Pokhariput are the areas through which the natural
drains pass. But, due to upcoming structures in these areas, the flood
water is unable to drain freely to the surrounding rivers creating water
logging problems in these areas. Earlier, it use to take hardly 25 minutes
after showers for the rain water to drain through these channels but
nowadays, the water remains clogged in these areas for nearly 24 hours.
12.2.1.3 Environment and Public health
Environmentally, the areas along the railway line are highly polluted as
these places are marked as dump yards. Most of the slums have also
settled at these points. Besides, there are some open dump yards in the
main residential areas which create health problems for the surroundings.
The Old Town area lacks any proper drainage and covered sewerage
system which leads to health hazards.
There are many old water tanks in the Old Town area which are left
unclean for years and people still use the water for bathing. Blockage of
Vulnerability Issues
natural drains through land reclamation has lead to the stagnation of

sewer water at various places, leading to water borne diseases.
Presently, the trees are being cut at several places due to several
reasons but are not replanted to maintain the ecology of the micro-region
leading to uncomfortable living conditions. Earlier, the city had a sound
coverage of greenery but now it has decreased substantially, leading to
uncomfortable conditions. The level of pollution has also increased due to
increase in the quantity of traffic and decrease in foliage of the city.
12.2.1.4 Traffic Congestion
The city of Bhubaneswar has grown ten folds of what was projected at
the time of planning the city. This is the basic reason for the traffic
problems in the city. Most of the roads, though wide enough are still not
able to sustain the traffic load of the city. To add to the problems, there
are encroachments on both sides of the roads further decreasing their
width at some places. The National Highway No. 5 which runs through
the city is a big problem for the traffic condition of the city.
Traffic crossings at Vanivihar, Acharyavihar and CRP square are highly

congested during the peak hours. Apart from that, there is a severe need
of mechanical means of controlling the traffic in the city which is currently
in use at a few places only. Traffic at Vanivihar, Acharyavihar, AG
square, Rajmahal square, Kalinga Hospital square and Damana square
are uncontrollable from 10 am to 11am in the morning and from 5:30pm
to 6:30pm in the evening. The Cuttack – Puri road also has the same
problem as the load of traffic is more considering the width of the road.
Shortage of skilled traffic men is also aggravating the problem with
frequent traffic congestions.
12.2.1.5 Heat Wave

In recent years due to regular deforestation in the peripheral areas ,
gradual encroachment of the reserve forests by the human settlements,
encroachment of the river beds, filling of water recharge basins, ponds,
marshy lands, destruction of the plantation belts along the river beds,
change of land use from vast agricultural land to residential, commercial,
industrial and other uses, and also due to heavy increase in the traffic of
Bhubaneswar, the city has been experiencing a heat wave and great rise
in temperatures especially during the summer.
State Initiatives & Objectives
12.2.2 State Initiative and Objectives
The Orissa State Disaster Mitigation Authority (OSDMA) was set up on

28 December 1999 as the first disaster management authority in the
country. The main objectives of OSDMA are:
• To act as the nodal agency for disaster reconstruction works.
• To coordinate with the line departments involved in

reconstruction.
• To coordinate with bilateral and multi-lateral aid agencies.
• To coordinate with UN Agencies, international, national, and

state-level NGOs.
• To promote disaster preparedness at all levels in the state,
• To network with similar and relevant organizations for disaster

management, and
• To prepare suitable guidelines for disaster mitigation.
12.2.3 Factors Enhancing Vulnerability
Major natural disasters to which BDPA region is prone are Cyclones,

earthquakes and flood. Lack of awareness of vulnerability and risk is a
major factor for enhancement of vulnerability in case of a disaster. Some
of the important factors are listed in Table 12.7.
Table 12.7: Factors Enhancing Vulnerability
Categories Description
• 80% of the annual rainfall is concentrated over a short monsoon period of 3 months
• Coastal plains are flat and the slopes in the inlands are precipitous leading to heavy siltation, flash
floods and poor discharge of flood waters into the sea and thus the embankments are breached with
alarming frequency
Flood
• Flood is often synchronized with high tide
• High encroachment in the flood plains/natural drains
• Poor infrastructure and weak houses
• Poor drainage systems in the cities
• East coast of India is one of the six most cyclone prone areas in the world
• 20%of all severe cyclone landfalls on eastern coast have hit Orissa
• Poor socio economic conditions
Cyclone
• Weak housing and poor quality of infrastructure or lack of it
• Non adherence to building norms and lack of awareness regarding the same
• Depletion of mangroves and trees shelter belts
• Climatic changes, decrease in vegetative cover, depletion of ground water, increase in day
temperature in May and June
Heat wave • Risk of heat stroke
• Poor socio economic conditions
• Lack of capacity to treat at hospitals
Earthquake • Moderately high seismicity in major parts of Orissa
• Haphazard growth of urban centres
• Weak infrastructure and housing
Proposals for Disaster Mitigation
12.2.4 Proposals for Disaster Mitigation
As natural disasters cannot be prevented, appropriate mitigation

measures need to be taken to reduce the extent of damage, destruction
and human suffering.
12.2.4.1 Earthquake
Earthquake occurs due to movements along faults that have evolved
through geologic and tectonic processes. Often they are unpredictable.
Among all natural calamities, earthquakes are most disastrous since their
impact can cover large areas causing loss of human and built structures
on massive scale. Some of the proposals for earthquake disaster
mitigation are:
1. Since the soil in Bhubaneswar is laterite (18-20 T/Sq.Mt. SBC),

high-rise buildings may be allowed, provided earthquake
resistant measures suggested in the NBC are properly adhered
to.
2. Basement slab, if any, for all buildings should be properly

reinforced to combat up thrust due to change in water table
during rainy seasons.
3. Real-time information updates in GIS support better decision

making and improve earthquake management. Creating an
urban inventory, thematic maps and queries will also help
identify BDPA’s most vulnerable areas and "what-if" scenarios
and help in planning mitigation measures such as retrofitting and
relocation.
4. Open spaces in urban areas, such as parks, green tracts and

roads, have important functions in disaster prevention. Efforts to
secure such open spaces should give top priority to areas where
they are lacking.
Development of a Disaster-Proof Living Zone
1. To build firebreaks which make up disaster-resistant urban

areas, improve roads, parks, rivers, etc., and promote fireproof
measures for areas along roads.
2. Projects for creating disaster-resistant living zones being roughly

the size of an elementary or junior high school district, which are
surrounded by firebreaks, should be carried out first in those
areas where the risk is greater, which need guidance and
subsidies should be provided.
3. Within each disaster-proof living zone, make use of the district

planning system to better public squares and minor roads and to
improve the living environment and its capacity to fend off

disasters.
12.2.4.2 Cyclone
A tropical cyclone is a meteorological term for a storm system

characterized by a low pressure system center and thunderstorms that
produces strong wind and flooding rain. A tropical cyclone feeds on the
heat released when moist air rises and the water vapour it contains
condenses. They are fueled by a heat mechanism leading to their
classification as "warm core" storm systems. BDPA region experienced a
disastrous cyclone in the year 1999 which is called “Super Cyclone”. It
left a deep impact on the minds of the State Government and the general
public for the need of Disaster Mitigation Measures. Some of the
proposals for Cyclone Disaster Mitigation are:
1. A thick plantation belt of 0.5 km to be created all along the BDPA

region preferably along the bypass route to protect the
inhabitants from heavy cyclone.
2. Adopt strict enforcement on illegal cutting of forests and

protection of existing forest reserve.
3. Building byelaws to be suitably modified as per the guidelines of

the National Disaster Management Authority.
4. In some special cases, these byelaws may be suitably

superceded as per the judgment of the architect to avoid
tunneling effect between buildings while designing a cluster of
buildings.
5. Recreating the forest resources within the designated forest

areas through the following measures:
i. Re-densification of forest.
ii. Afforestation of the denuded forest land.
iii. Restoration of forest land and afforestation.
iv. Identification of open Govt. / vested lands and temporary

afforestation for revenue generation.
12.2.4.3 Flood
Flooding is caused by inadequate capacity within the banks of the river to

contain the high flow brought down from the upper catchments due to
heavy rainfall. It is also caused by accumulation of water resulting from
heavy spells of rainfall over areas which have poor drainage
characteristics. Major rivers such as Daya, Bhargavi, Kuakhai and its
tributaries pass through the BDPA planning area.
The various measures adopted for flood mitigation may be categorized

into two groups:
• Structural
• Non- structural
The general approach is aimed at preventing floodwaters from reaching

the potential damage centers, as a result of which a large number of
embankments should be constructed along the various flood prone rivers.
The main thrust of the flood protection programme to be undertaken in
future in the form of structural measures may be grouped into the
following:
i. Dams and Reservoirs
ii. Embankments
iii. Natural detention basin
iv. Channel improvement
v. Drainage improvement
vi. Diversion of floodwaters
The non-structural measures, on the other hand, aiming at modifying the

susceptibility to flood damage as included in the plan are:
1. Rainwater harvesting is to be made mandatory for all

buildings with more than 200 sqm. roof area while
awarding sanction of building plan.
2. Storm water harvesting has to be carried out to utilize the

excess water through creation of lakes and water bodies
that would facilitate irrigation and put less pressure on
the drainage systems in post flood situations.
3. Storm water drainage for individual premises must be

properly designed.
4. In flood prone areas, buildings should preferably be

designed on stilts leaving ground space free of any
important activities.
5. A regional plan approach is to be followed for evolving

the policies in regulating the carrying capacity of the river
channels and retention capacity of the river valleys.
6. The vulnerable areas susceptible to annual flooding

should be earmarked as the catchment’s detention
areas. During the off flooding period the stagnant water
is to be drained off to the nearby water channels with
preliminary treatment.
7. Mapping of yearly flood pattern to be recorded by

Irrigation Department.
8. It should be mandatory to submit a proper geotechnical

soil report along with structural design for all building
proposals for sanction.
12.3 Conclusion
The air, water pollution as well as the vulnerability issues of BDPA area
can be handled effectively if the above mentioned proposals and
recommendations can be implemented through an effective mechanism
formulated by the operating organizations such as the OSDMA and other
stakeholders concerned with the BDPA area. Some of the
recommendations/proposals are a part of land use planning and have
been included in CDP for the BDPA area. Eco sensitive zones such as
Bharatpur reserve forests, Chandaka have been proposed to be
preserved as a part of the natural green surrounding the BDPA area
which will mainly act as buffers to relieve the environmental pressures of
the growing region. Moreover it has been proposed to revive major water
bodies to maintain the humidity levels of the city and to save the
denizens from the dry heat wave. Green belts along the eastern side of
Bhubaneswar and plantations along the peripheries have also been
proposed as a prevention against major calamities viz. cyclones, super-
cyclones etc. Green open spaces have been introduced throughout the
various zones taking into consideration the future activities and their
density levels. Thus sufficient measures have been taken during the
preparation of the land use plan for the BDPA area.
Development Management and Finance 13
Introduction
13.1 Introduction
It is an established fact that all plans, however relevant and useful they
may be, fall apart if the right kind of organisational arrangement and
necessary finances are not put in place for implementation of the plans.
Implementation of Perspective Plan for Bhubaneswar Development Plan

Area (BDPA) would entail establishment of new infrastructure and
upgradation of existing ones. Projects that include new construction as
well as major improvement of existing roads and interchanges,
installation or replacement of infrastructure (water, sewer, storm
drainage, electrical, telephone) networks, redevelopment of slum areas
including construction of large number of residential units for the growing
population, provision of new industrial sites, regional and local
commercial complexes, transport terminals, entertainment complexes,
tourism facilities, provision of open spaces and solid waste management,
fire services etc, shall need to be implemented and then managed
properly for delivering services to beneficiaries.
The sources of funding available to existing major development agencies

such as Bhubaneswar Development Authority (BDA), Bhubaneswar
Municipal Corporation (BMC), Municipalities of Khurda, Jatani and the
Panchayat Samitis have been looked into and their performances
evaluated. The new roles of the urban local bodies in the context of urban
governance have also been evaluated.
13.2 Strategy for Plan Implementation
There are three essential elements in any successful plan

implementation strategies, i.e.
a) Clearly identified set of projects
b) Adequate sources of finances for the required investment
c) A flexible, pragmatic and responsive approach to management of

development process.
13.2.1 Projectisation and Packaging the Projects

The plan proposals are statements of intention, or at best, a guiding
framework which need to be translated into a set of implementable
projects. Then the projects shall need to be prioritised, suitably
packaged and the phasing of implementation determined.
13 Development Management and Finance
Organisational and Institutional
Profile
13.3 Organisational and Institutional Profile
The establishment of appropriate organisational/institutional set up along

with procedural layout is as important as finances. The set of
organisation/institution would need to work in a coordinated manner so
that the proposed initiatives from project conception, formulation,
financing, execution and operation and maintenance through the project
lives can happen as conceived or visualised.
The concerned agencies in the Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area

(BDPA) will be Bhubaneswar Development Authority (BDA),
Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (BMC), Municipalities of Khurda,
Jatani and BDA Rural i.e. Panchayat Samitis.
The necessity on convergence of planning and development initiatives,

particularly those identified in the Perspective Plan, is of immense
importance. Observations on some of the relevant issues concerning
urban management are discussed below.
13.3.1 Inter-Agency Coordination
Coordination among various agencies for providing infrastructure and

services in the urban areas requires consideration on priority. Execution
has to be done in a planned and coordinated manner. There is an evident
need to re-strategise and streamline the responsibility of the functions of
the participating agencies. Many programmes have suffered serious
setback due to lack of adequate communication, commitment, co-
operation and co-ordination between different agencies and department
within. Greater participation of the citizen and other stakeholders must
generate better partnership. Partnership should go beyond mere
participation in emphasising collaborative activities among interested
groups, based on mutual recognition of respective strength and
weaknesses.
13.3.2 Creation of a Single Coordinated Body (BCUC Metro

Authority)
There is no single organisation or body really accountable for entire

BCUC area. The Chief Minister (CM) should play the key role as
chairman of the BCUC Metro Authority. The CM should lead the Steering
Committee consisting of key ministers, mayors, chairman of the
municipalities and other local functionaries.
This authority will need a managing director. Creating a minister of BCUC

as well as a separate department should be explored. However this
should not create bureaucratic hurdle with farther delays and transaction
cost. The key functions such as urban development and housing should
be carved out of the respective departments and consolidated under the
Organisational and Institutional
Profile
aegis of the minister for BCUC in addition BDA, CDA and other functional
agencies should report to the minister.
13.3.3 Establishment of a Special Purpose Company (SPC)

to Implement the Plan
The task being implementation of a dynamic plan, demands a wide range

of technical, financial and management skills to be successful, it may be
preferable that to establish a Special Purpose Company (SPC) to
implement the plan or to contract out services needed rather than to hire
in-house staff.
It could be setting up of a joint venture company between the

Government and the Private Entrepreneurs, financial institutions like
HUDCO etc, on the basis of equity distribution as may be mutually
agreed upon. This could also be a company on the CIDCO model.
In order to expedite development and attract developers, following may

be provided:
I. A bankable risk sharing mechanism
II. Mortgage leasehold rights
III. Exempt first sale on transfer from payment of Stamp Duty
or Registration fees
IV. Exempt all inputs from sales tax during construction
13.3.4 Involvement of Private Sectors

In addition to all the government agencies, the State’s corporates and the
private sector will need to play an active role in taking BDPA forward. To
begin with, it is recommended that 2-3 Corporate CEOs and heads of
NGOs be appointed to the Empowered Committee.
Following areas need immediate private sector involvement for achieving

the required momentum:
• Advocacy: Seminars and reports on local issues and press

conferences to spread awareness.
• Funding: Advertisements (bus shelters, public toilets, roads,
street lights and donations or sponsorship for key projects
• Infrastructure creation: Visible business models for roads, parks
and gardens, public toilets and slum rehabilitation. .
• Management resources: High caliber management talent on
secondment of Government and other non profiting agencies and
task forces for specific business related initiatives (eg. Land
issues).
• Independent project: Venture capital funding and image
marketing.
Urban Governance
13.4 Urban Governance
Both in India and in Orissa, the Panchayati Raj Institutions [PRIs] and
Urban Local Bodies [ULBs] are institutional forms representing
decentralised planning, accompanied by the devolution of power and
people’s participation. The process of building institutions at local level in
Orissa attained its peak only after 1985 when the Government decided to
revitalise the Local Self Government based on the feedbacks from
different source and the recommendations of Singhvi Committee 73rd and
74th Constitutional Amendments. This was the noble attempt to overhaul
the Local Self Government and introduce drastic systematic changes in
it. The tenure of these bodies are fixed for five years. The Orissa
Municipal Corporation Act, 2003 have come into for w.e.f 11.02.2003.
The Proposed CDP should look into:
Redefining the role and responsibilities of BCUC
The Municipalities and other urban areas must augment their

status of Governance and strengthen capacity building.
It is expected that some of the non-municipal areas will attain

municipal status.
It is further expected that proposed distribution of development

will also suggest creation of new municipalities.
The National Action Plan for Good Urban Governance (Government of

India & UNCHS) with specific focus on Participatory Planning Process
along with strengthening the local bodies have been accepted and
adopted by the State Governments. This has been also reflected in their
various Legislative efforts.
Salient points have been towards:
I. Active decentralisation of power.

II. Facilitating with more planning and development functions as
well as taxing powers.
III. Improve Capacity Building of local bodies by introduction of
community participation and delivery of public services.
Interactive participation of Ward Committees, CDS and HHW is
made responsible for infrastructural development at the
community level.
IV. Augment resource base for revenue generation including
rationalised fiscal transfer.
V. Adopting modern financial tools for development functions.
VI. Change of mindset and public awareness is essential for
implementation of Cost Recovery.
Urban Governance
VII. Enhancement of Tax base and improvement of collection of

Property Tax and other taxes.
VIII. Thrust and focus on adopting Transformation in Civic
engagement.
IX. Expanded role in capital budgeting and selecting their priority
schemes.
X. The integration of urban local bodies with its own decentralised
management through ward committees as well as with the high
level District Planning Committees is essential.
XI. The participation through micro planning process, prioritisation of
needs, organising community structure as well as hygiene
education program are the essential framework.
XII. Trans-Municipal Projects, should be centrally examined by the
specialised and higher level agencies, who should be entrusted
for planning designing etc with active participation, and
involvement of concerned ULB’s.
XIII. Training of officials as well as non-officials connected with all
agencies and institutions need to be given appropriate training so
as to enable them perform the new set of tasks.
XIV. Augmenting capacity building in collecting base line information,
data up dating and compilation in GIS format.
XV. Municipalisation of urban centers at appropriate time must be
organized.
XVI. Involvement and induction of professionally trained urban
planners, engineers and architects must be considered for
various institutions as a part of capacity building.
XVII. All institutions must also be supported by modern communication
and information technology.
XVIII. Strong capacity to ensure the delivery of services through a
variety of mechanism.
XIX. Adopt appropriate regulatory system.
XX. Generate strong public trust and public access to information.
Good Governance:
The principals of high impact governance have been distilled to identify

the major issues for Bhubaneswar Cuttack urban Complex.
i. Create the right structure

ii. Make the concerned agencies accountable by instituting target
setting, MoUs and monitoring processes
iii. Streamline key processes
• Redesigning the Development Control and Building approval
process
• Strengthening internal systems through accounting reforms
Legislation
iv. Increasing dialogue with citizens
• E – governance
• Citizen involvement in Prioritization of projects at grass
root level
• Strengthening of Grievance Redressal System
v. Generate momentum through quick wins
vi. Institute a report card system for all agencies
13.5 Legislation
The evolutionary process of development needs have been reflected in

the new legislation and amendments of existing legislation.
The following Acts are in operation:
• Orissa Town Planning and Improvement Trust Act, 1956 (Orissa

Act 10 of 1957).
• Orissa Development Authority Act, 1982 (Orissa Act 14 of 1982).
• Orissa Development Authority Rules, 1983.
• 73rd & 74 Constitution Amendment Act in 1992.
• Orissa Municipal Corporation Act, 2003
• Panchayat Extension to Schedule Areas Act (PESA), 1996
• Orissa Zilla Parishad Act, 1994
• Orissa Gram Panchayat Act
• Bhubaneswar Development Authority (Planning and Building
standards) Regulations 2008
• Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and
Remains Act (1958) and the Rules of 1959
The following Rules are in operation:
• Orissa Zilla Parishad Rules 2001

• Orissa Zilla Parishad Standing Committee Rules 2002
• Orissa Panchayat Samity Standing Committee Rules 2002
• Orissa Gram Panchayat Standing Committee Rules 2002
• Orissa Gram Panchayat Rules 2002
13.6 Land Use Policy
Adhering to the requirements of environment the current thinking is in

favor of flexible land use, which reaps the synergies between workplace,
residence and transportation as well as also between complementary
vocations. Ideally land use should be responsive to the dynamics of
market. The proposed Perspective Plan of BCUC has indicated the land
Land Use Policy
use pattern to accommodate the dynamic growth of the planning area

using land efficiently in a planned manner, fulfilling the conservation
obligation.
13.6.1 Development Zones and Use Criteria
Four types of development zones have been identified for the preparation
of Perspective Plan for BCUC (Map 13.1):
i. Extensive development Zone: It will be encouraged in low density

areas and where there is a potential for growth. Availability of land
and good connectivity will be the major deciding factors for extensive
development. This may require some land acquisition, land pooling or
land transfer. The Special Economic Zones for attracting national and
international investment will be also included in this category.
ii. Intensive development Zone: It will be mainly in the form of

strengthening the existing infrastructure through modernisation and
diversification. The stress will be on providing connectivity and
distribution of existing activities in medium to high-density zones.
Revival and reuse will be encouraged to ensure effective utilisation of
land.
iii. Restricted Development Zone: These areas include rich cultural

heritage zones, monuments, religious spots and high density old
urban areas and area under defense. Development will be highly
restricted with low density to facilitate the character of the zone.
iv. Sensitive Development Zone: These areas include land with

difficult topography that cannot accommodate conventional
development like low lying flood prone areas existing agricultural
land, tribal settlements and forest areas. Sensitive development like
botanical and zoological garden, water retention basins, cottage
industries with related training facilities will be encouraged here.
13.7 Development Promotion Regulation
The contents or proposals of the Comprehensive Development Plan

outlining the development of various areas suggested through Land Use
Zoning or Development Promotion Guidelines serves as legal instrument
for planning and execution.
Perspective Plan primarily being a policy document did not attempt to
show very many details of land use and adopt a very simplified main use.
Development Promotion
Regulation
On the basis of the Urban Development Plans Formulations and

Implementation (UDPFI) Guidelines, 1996 of the Ministry of Urban
Development suggested simplified Development Control Rules for the
different Land Uses, an exhaustive list of activities / use premises has
been prepared.
It may be noted, while adopting the land use classification, we reviewed

the three major norms i.e.
1. ODA guidelines adopted for Comprehensive Development Plan

for Bhubaneshwar, June 1993-97
2. Bhubaneshwar Development Authority ( Planning and Building
Standards) Regulations-2008
3. Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation
(UDPFI) guidelines
After review and evaluation of the 3 sets of norms, it has been decided to
adopt UDPFI with minor changes in the classification.
Public & Semi-Public use have been regrouped under

a) Public semi public Use Zone and
b) Utilities and services Use Zone
In addition Agriculture and Water Bodies have been regrouped as

a) Agricultural and Forest Use Zone and
b) Water bodies Use Zone
Transportation and Communication use have been regrouped under

a) Transportation Use Zone.
b) Communication has been clubbed with Utilities and
Services Use Zone.
Following deviation from the BDA Regulation of 2008 it may be noted;

a) Administrative Use Zone has been clubbed with
Institutional and renamed as Public and Semi Public Use
Zone
b) Utility and Services Zone have been separated from
Institution and Utility Use Zone
c) Green Belt Zone has been broadly renamed under Open
Space Use Zone
d) Natural Drainage Channel Zone has been named as
Water bodies Use Zone
e) Flood Prone Zone have been renamed as
Environmentally Sensitive Zone
f) A new use zone has been created as Special Heritage
Zone, primarily to identify heritage area, archaeological
sites and special functions.
Perspective plan refers to level-1 classification of land use. List of

Activities for each use zone at two levels is as follows:
Development Promotion
Regulation
Table 13.1: List of Uses, Activities, Use
Premises Areas in BDPA
Sl. Use Zone (Level – I) Use Zone (Level – II)

No.
Primary Residential
Residential Use Zone
1. Mixed Residential
(R)
Unplanned / Informal Residential
Retail Commercial and Retail Shopping

2. Business Use Zone General Business and Commercial
( C1 ) District/Centers
Wholesale Commercial
Wholesale, Godowns, Warehousing,
3. Use Zone
( C2)
Regulated/informal/Weekly markets
Services and Light Industry

Industrial Use Zone Extensive and Heavy Industry
4.
(I) Special industrial Zones(Hazardous,
Noxious and Chemical)
Public Semi – Public Govt/Semi-Govt/Public Offices

5. Use Zone Institutional (Educational / Research / Medical
( PS ) /Social and Cultural/Religious)
Water Supply/Sewerage/Drainage/Solid
Utilities and Services Waste
6. Use Zone Power, Transmission and Communication
( US ) Cremation and Burial Ground
Playgrounds/Stadium/Sports Complex
Parks and Gardens
Open Space Use Zone
7. Special Recreational Zone (Restricted
( OS )
Open Spaces/ Green Buffer)
Multipurpose open space (Maidan)
Roads
Transportation Use Railways (terminal /Circulation)
8. Zone Airport
(T) Bus Depot/ Terminal, Truck Terminals and
Freight
Agriculture and Horticulture

Agricultural and Forest Forest
9. Use Zone
(A) Brick Kiln and Extractive Areas
River, Canal, Streams, Spring

Water Bodies Use Zone
10. Ponds, Lakes, Wetland, Aqua-cultural Pond
(W)
Reservoir
Old built-up core area

Special Heritage Zone Heritage and Conservation Areas
11.
( SH )
Other uses
Environmentally River front developments

12. Sensitive Zone
( ES ) Scenic value areas
Mixed land use may be permitted in a particular zone on the

recommendation of the planning committee constituted for special
permission. However the main use shall cover not less than two-third of
the total floor area and the ancillary use shall not exceed one-third of the
total area
Financing Urban Development
13.8 Financing Urban Development

The question more often asked by the Development Authorities is not
what needs to be done for a planning area but how the huge investment
will be funded. Financing urban development in a sustained manner
requires looking at two major aspects of financing, viz. capital finances
and revenue finances. Capital financing that usually figures in the current
account of development budget pertains to development of urban
infrastructure comprising civic services (utility) infrastructure, social
infrastructure and economic or commercial infrastructure. For achieving
this, it would be imperative to mobilise adequate resources.
Traditionally they have been funded through budgetary support of
Central, State Government and local bodies through five-year plans and
the annual plans. These resources have in some cases been
supplemented by assistance from sources such as World Bank,
multilateral agencies such as ADB, JBIC, CFIC, USAID, DFID and
UNICEF etc as partly grants and partly as loans. The domestic financial
institutions like HUDCO, HDFC and NHB have also provided financial
assistance for urban infrastructure development projects. ICICI, IDBI, UTI
and commercial banks have also made forays into the sector with their
urban infrastructure portfolios. However, with the process of economic
liberalisation being in practice throughout the country, the public sector
resources are becoming increasingly scarce.
On the other hand, domestic financial institutions lay emphasis on
financial viability of projects, which is hardly possible for most of the basic
services infrastructure projects to match. Assistance from international
donor agencies is also appearing hard to come by. In this context,
exploring alternative sources of financing capital investment is the major
option left.
13.8.1 Innovative Options for Resource Mobilisation

Infrastructure financing requires long-term lending, whereas the normal
borrowing in the Indian capital and debt market is short-term only.
Financial Institution would need a mix of resources and balanced
combination of lending portfolio constituting both long and short-term
fund. Some of such suggested mechanism is listed below.
i. Consortium Finances
ii. Development Authority Bond or Municipal Bond
iii. Project Initialisation Fund / Project Development Fund
iv. Foreign Direct Investment
v. Leveraging Insurance Sector Funds
vi. Special Economic Zone
Some of the areas could be brought under Special Economic
Zone (SEZ) as duty free zones for industrial, services and trade
operations to attract foreign investment and facilitate expeditious
development. They will be treated as priority areas in the
provision of infrastructure, convergence in statutory clearance,

exemption from duties and levies as well as liberal regulations.
vii. Public Private Partnership
viii. BCUC Capital Infrastructure Fund
It is proposed to create a dedicated BCUC capital infrastructure fund with
an annual funding of Rs. 1000 crores to attract debt and private finance.
This could mobilise about Rs 20,000 crores during next 20 yrs.
13.8.2 Revenue Financing Options

Capital investments on infrastructure entail expenditure on recurrent
basis for proper operation and maintenance, without which delivery of
services would not happen as expected and the same would frustrate the
very objectives of capital investment programmes carried out. Any capital
investment expenditure calls for meeting, on recurrent basis, the
requirement of funds for debt servicing, operation and maintenance and
capital replacement reserve. Some of the innovative instruments are:
a) Water Supply
• Advance registration fees.
• Enhancement of water tariff and metering
• Connection charges
• Water tax
• Development Charges
• Other sources such as property tax,
• Sale of plots etc.
b) Sewerage
• Connection charges
• Sewerage Tax
• Conservancy tax
• Sale of sludge
• Sale of renewable waste
• Fines for untreated effluent disposal
c) Solid Waste Management
• Collection charge
• Cess
• Sale of renewable waste
• Fines on Dumping waste
d) Roads
• Toll tax
• Advertising rights
• Cess on diesel and petrol
• Land as a resource
e) Airport/ Railway Station / Bus Terminus
Toll tax
User charges for transport terminals
Advertising rights
Land as resources
Surcharge on tickets
g) Property tax reforms
One area that needs adequate attention is the collection of property tax
on which count most of the municipalities in the state have performed
poorly. Property tax is the single largest source of revenue and is an
indirect user charge for municipal services whose benefits are collective
and are not confined to any identified individual. Reform in property tax is
necessary to for promoting efficiency through linking of provision of
municipal services closely to their financing. Some recommended
Property tax reforms are (i) simplification of tax laws (ii) coverage of tax
net (iii) valuation accuracy (iv) collection efficiency (v) rate setting (vi)
administrative incentives and (vi) policy and institutional reforms. Steps
should be taken for transparent assessment of properties (unit area
method), increased coverage by property mapping using GIS
applications and rationalisation of self-assessment system. Every
property in the city must be given a Property Tax Index Number (PTIN)
whereby the payment, the changes and nature of use of the property can
be done through computer and e – seva centre.
13.8.3 Non-Tax Revenue Generation through Commercial

Development of Properties
• Build and lease
• Sell land for private development
• Public-private joint development
13.8.4 Non Tax Revenue Generation through Innovative Land

Planning and Development Control Regulation
• Creation of Special Development Districts (SDD) to make major
investment in infrastructure and services and formulate different
Development Control Regulations.
• Imposition of Development Impact Fees in the SDD, the
designation of district zones with differing built form parameter is
assumed.
• Utilisation of Transfer of Development Right (TDR) enabling
flexible development control and permitting trade for their lost
FSI.
• Imposition of User Charges i.e., cost recovery through direct
charges to beneficiaries.
13.9 Conclusion
The financial requirement of the entire development plan has been
estimated and shown in the investment plan chapter. It is absolutely
necessary that the financial reforms and suggestions under different
sectors as stated in this chapter can only help in mobilizing estimated
investment demand.
Future Land Use Proposal & Zoning Regulations 14
Future Land Use Proposal
14.1 Future Land Use Proposal

Introduction
The Comprehensive Development Plan provides strategic framework for

land use planning in the Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area (BDPA),
for shaping its future towards vision 2030. It sets out the spatial strategy
for 14 planning subzones as identified in the Perspective Plan to address
the different needs of each area. The priority set out for each planning
zone based and supported by the policies in this plan. The common aim
is to actively manage changes within BDPA limit to deliver a better quality
of life and environment.
14.2 Land Use Strategy

Proposed land uses have been scientifically perceived based on the
detailed analysis of the following factors;
i. Existing land use distribution
ii. Landform characteristics
iii. Soil type
iv. Vegetation index
v. Ground water prospect
vi. Drainage channel levels
vii. Transportation network
viii. Physical problems of each zone
ix. CDP of Bhubaneswar, 1993-94
x. Approved amendment or changes in land use of the CDP.
xi. Land Ownership
xii. Prospective plan Guidelines
xiii. Government Policies and programs including committed scheme

and proposals
xiv. Future population distribution
xv. Development potentials of each zone
14.3 The Proposed Plan

The land use proposal assumed that all the zones will be self sufficient
with all social and physical infrastructural facilities to serve the future
population. These details are not exclusively discussed in the plan.
14 Future Land Use Proposal & Zoning Regulations
The Proposed Plan
14.3.1 Development Corridors
It has been observed that while analysing the innumerable complex

variables involved in the dynamic process of urban development, a
unique and interesting phenomenon of planning corridors has evolved
which has been pragmatically and physically interpreted while allocation
of proposed land uses in the various zones.
Thus a series of corridors have been physically integrated in the planning

for BDPA.
The 7 different corridors that have originated have a logical reference to

the various land use and therefore can be termed as follows:
1. Residential Corridor
2. Institutional Corridor
3. Commercial Corridor
4. Industrial Corridor
5. Garland Lake System
6. Transportation Corridor
7. Green Corridor
The detailed description of the individual corridors is mentioned below;
Residential Corridor
The concept of residential corridor has basically evolved in the newly

developing zones of Tamando where a substantial quantum of land has
been identified for the upcoming ‘Satellite City’.
Residential corridors have also been proposed following existing

developments of the riverfront zones of East Kuakhai as well as
Chandrasekharpur.
Institutional Corridor
The institutional corridor has been coceptualised within the Aigania zone
where land allocation has already been made for regional and national
level institutes such as Bio-tech Park, Indian Institute of Mathematics,
Indian Institute of Information Technology, etc. Available government
land has been carefully and meticulously delineated thereby giving rise to
an interesting institutional corridor intercepted with green buffer of forest
land in a possible uniform pattern.
Apart from this zone institutional corridors have also been proposed in
Tamando, Chandrasekharpur and riverfront zones of Sisupal.
The Proposed Plan
Commercial Corridor
The concept of commercial corridor has been basically developed along

the major linear transportation spine i.e. NH-5. Thus commercial corridors
have emerged mainly in the newly developing areas such as Tamando,
Gangapada, Chandrasekharpur and the riverfront zones of East Kuakhai.
The quantum and type of commercial activities may differ depending
upon their compatibility of the other land uses in the individual zones.
Industrial Corridor
The concentration of industrial activities is mainly in the newly developing

zones of Sribantapur, Tamando, Gangapada and Barunei.
Sribantapur in the north east part of the BDPA has been proposed to
locate agro based and dairy based industries. On the south western part
of the BDPA, Tamando, Gangapada, and Barunei zones stretching along
the NH-5 are exhibiting the industrial corridor concept where land
allocations have been made for the IT based industries in Tamando,
automobile industry in Gangapada, building industry at Jatani and the
existing industrial estate at Barunei.
Garland Lake System
With the help of modern technology and examples in India and abroad,
the BDPA has been proposed with unique concept of the Garland Lake
System which consists of a series of lakes formed along the major
Gangua Nallah. An attempt has been made through this unique proposal
to revive the historical navigation channel of the Gangua Nallah
connecting the two ends BDPA, stretching from Sribantapur-Sisupal-
Ekamra Kshetra. The entire channel is proposed to have a green buffer
on either side along the embankments as a protection against the
overflow during the monsoon. This unique water channel can be
identified as the ‘Blue Corridor’ of the BDPA.
Transportation Corridor
The roadways, railways and the proposed MRTS constitute as the major
transport corridors in the BDPA. The transport corridors such as NH-5,
NH-203, ring roads of BDPA, east coast railways and the proposed
MRTS running almost in a linear manner contribute to the concept of the
Transport Corridor of BDPA.
Green Corridor
The entire area of BDPA is gifted with tremendous natural resources in

the form of rivers like Kuakhai, Bhargavi and Daya as well as areas with
dense vegetation/forest such as Bharatpur forest area and Nandankanan
Wild Life Sanctuary.
The Proposed Plan
The entire river belt zone has been proposed for recreational land use
with green buffers running all along the river embankment thereby
forming a continuous ‘Green Corridor’ on the eastern side of the BDPA.
Secondly, the entire Bharatpur zone is in fact a green zone with
Bharatpur forest area as well as Nandankanan Wild Life Sanctuary
placed sequentially along the main access. It is also forming the Green
Corridor on the western side of BDPA.
14.3.2 Hubs of Specialised Activity
The assessment of the allocation of the quantum of activity distribution in

the various zones has led to the creation of numerous ‘Hubs’ which have
been delineated in accordance with the concentration of the existing and
proposed land uses in the respective zones. The different ‘Hubs’ are
spread throughout the BDPA and the various zones are the
representative of these ‘Hubs’ as have been shown in Table 14.1.
Table 14.1: Classification of Hubs
Sl. No. Classification of Hub Zone
1 Residential and Administrative Hub BBSR new town in central part of BDPA
2 Knowledge Hub/Institutional Hub Chandrasekharpur in the north of BDPA
Tamando in the south of BDPA

3 Commercial Hub
Chandrasekharpur in the north of BDPA
Sribantapur in north eastern side of BDPA
4 Industrial Hub Gangapada in the south west of BDPA
Barunei in the south western part of BDPA
5 Textile Hub Khurda in the south west of BDPA
6 Transportation Hub Chandrasekharpur in the north western
7 Logistic Hub Jatani in South of BDPA
Old BBSR Zone - ‘Ekamra Kshetra’ in central part of BDPA
Socio-Cultural Hub Dhauli - ‘Sanskritik Kshetra’ in south east of BDPA

8
Sisupal - ‘Aithihasik Kshetra’ in east of BDPA
Bharatpur north western side of BDPA comprising of Forest Area

9 Ecological Hub
Nandankanan Wild Life Sanctuary in north of BDPA
The dream perceived by the planners for the emergence of Bhubaneswar

as a world class urban center can only be realised by the introduction of
spatial allocation of innovative ideas and activities found in similar
The Proposed Plan
national and international urban centers. Some of the activities have

been introduced keeping abreast the various land uses in the BDPA and
conceptualised in the form of different cities/polis coming up in different
zones of the BDPA (Map 14.1). Some of these unique concepts have
been mentioned below:
a) Eco City – Bharatpur
b) Knowledge City – Chandrasekharpur
c) Heritage City – Old BBSR
d) Film City – Aigania
e) Satellite City – Tamando
f) Health City – Tamando
g) Science City – Tamando
h) Diplomatic Enclave – Tamando
i) IT City – Tamando
j) Central Park – Tamando
It has been observed that the various special activities are proposed
mainly due to the availability of large chunks of government land,
uninterrupted vacant land and land forms.
Bharatpur
The Bharatpur zone is truly an ecological zone with the presence of the
beautiful forests as well as the Nandankanan and Ekamra Kanan. The
concept of ‘Eco-city’ is well proposed to emit the natural ambience
provided by nature, thereby maintaining and protecting the natural
resource of the BDPA.
Chandrasekharpur
The Chandrasekharpur zone has high end housing and IT industry.

Majority of the institutional buildings are located here like the Kalinga
Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Silicon Institute of Technology,
Info-city, etc. A number of IT Parks are coming up and hence the concept
of ‘Knowledge City’ is an obvious interpretation and allocation in this
zone.
The Old BBSR
The old BBSR zone is termed as the ‘Ekamra Kshetra’ and is

characterised by the presence of innumerable temple complexes,
mathas, dharmashalas, the most significant of them being the Lingaraja
Temple Complex, Mukteshwar Temple Complex. This zone has
developed historically over a period of time and truly exhibits the urban
as well as socio-cultural fabric of the BDPA. Hence the concept of
Zones with Land Use Distribution
‘Heritage City’ has been rightfully introduced within this zone comprising
of various institutional and socio-cultural activities.
Aigania
This zone possesses the maximum amount of government land and has
been already demarcated for the institutional activities at the regional and
national level within the existing land use.
The film city has also been proposed within this zone due to the presence
of the existing Kalinga Studio which can be effectively augmented or
adaptively reused. The picturesque locations of Deras on the outskirts of
Aigania as well as the Bharatpur forest area on the adjoining side makes
this zone highly appreciable for the location of the ‘Film City’.
Tamando
The Tamando zone has already been visualised as a part of the ‘South
City’ of the BDPA.
Potentiality of this zone in terms of development, land availability

(government land and vacant land) and existing land use space
allocations for committed projects have led to the integration of the
concepts of the ‘Satellite City’, ‘Health City’, ‘Diplomatic Enclave’,
‘Science City’, ‘IT City’ and the ‘Central Park’ into this zone. The
approach efficiently perceives the quantum of land use in this zone
ultimately rendering a ‘Hi-tech’ profile to this part of the BDPA (Map
14.2).
It is important to remember that the future spatial structure recommended

here can be achieved, as visualised and realised through the combined
effort of the public authority as well as the private sector individuals.
Therefore efforts are made through this CDP for the BDPA to;
i. Indicate the needed direction of development in different parts of the

BDPA in context of the BCUC region.
ii. Indicate future zones of employment, housing, heritage and

recreation.
iii. Indicate the pattern of the spatial structure plan and to realise the
vision for Bhubaneswar as a world class urban center of the eastern
region through innumerable concepts proposed throughout the
various zones of BDPA.
iv. Indicate the zones of investments and also the heritage and cultural
values, thereby making BDPA a complete package of varied kind of
investments within the various zones.
v. Envisage a ‘High Level’ overall development making the BDPA

representative of the entire BCUC State Capital Region.
14.4 Zones with Land Use Distribution

The proposed Comprehensive Development Plan when studied in its
spatial distribution, one can observe specialised use in various zones.
Zone wise land use distribution is given in Map 14.3 to Map 14.16 and
Table 14.2. The zone wise land use distribution has also been given in
Fig 14.1.
Bharatpur (BMC & BDPA Rural Area)-Zone 12
In the proposed land use plan of the zone as shown in Map 14.3,
Agriculture & Forest use is the predominant land use (51.30%) with a
significant amount of land designated as forest use. The second highest
category of land use is Open Space use with 14.22% which consists of
buffer and green zones. The proposed functions in the ecological and
sensitive zone of Bharatpur are camping sites, eco-lodges, eco-trails,
adventure tourism, community level parks or playgrounds, botanical and
zoological research centers, forest research centers, day tourist service
centers, fair ground, exhibition pavilion, food courts within 1km green
buffer of Nandankanan, club town, golf course, etc.
Chandrasekharpur (BMC & BDPA Rural Area)-Zone 13
A significant amount of land in this zone has been proposed to be used

for Public Semi-Public use (1021 ha, 21.36%) as Chandrasekharpur has
been proposed as a knowledge and institutional hub with world class
research and institutional centers. This zone also has been proposed for
the development of retail and business commercial with 3.18% and office
complexes as well as extensive Residential development with 46.37%,
the latter being the predominant land use in the particular zone, with
houses of all kinds. The land use allocation has been shown in Map 14.4.
The other proposed functions are the ‘IT city’, high-end lagoon resorts
and theme parks within proposed green buffer area of Nandankanan.
Sribantapur (BDPA Rural Area)-Zone 14
The predominant land use in Sribantapur has been proposed for

Agricultural and Forest use (17.29%) with a significant amount of land for
Industrial use (5.36%) as shown in Map 14.5. Thus it has been proposed
as an Industrial Hub with agro-based activities, animal husbandry, dairy
and food processing industries, floriculture, etc. It has been marked as a
sensitive zone and has been proposed with riverfront development,
community level parks, playgrounds, clubs, cultural centers, auditoria,
low-key built development and water based activities like water based
amusement parks and aquatica, swimming clubs, health resorts, vedic
villages with traditional herbal massage centers.
East Kuakhai (BMC Area)-Zone 15
East Kuakhai has been proposed for extensive housing with 49.64%
residential, 5.11% retail business commercial and 1.61% wholesale
commercial development with high rise group housing to arrest
speculative holding development. Thus the predominant land use in this
zone is Residential. The land use allocation has been shown in Map
14.6. It has also been proposed for wholesale godown, institutions, water
based activity oriented development, boating, rowing, swimming, angling
clubs, water fountain gardens as part of riverfront development,
horticulture, urban agriculture, picnic spots, etc.
Sisupal (BMC & BDPA Rural Area)-Zone 16
Sisupal is proposed as an environmentally sensitive zone with 41.95% in

order to have controlled and regulated development in this zone. Land
surrounding Sisupalgarh which is under ASI has been proposed as
Special Heritage Zone, The land use allocation has been shown in Map
14.7. The proposed activities in this zone are the Garland Lake System,
archaeological/sculptural parks or theme parks, in and around
Sisupalgarh, lake-side recreational parks, water parks, cruise or boat
navigational routes, art academy, international convention centers, media
centers, food courts, music pavilions, sports centers, yoga parks and
community recreational areas, heritage resort, five star hotels, five star
lake resorts, etc. Most of the land under the environmentally sensitive
zone has been proposed for corporate development (institutional,
commercial, and residential) abiding the development control regulations
for this zone.
Bhubaneswar-New Town (BMC Area)-Zone 17
The Bhubaneswar new town zone will have intensive development with
administrative function, capital function, institutions, existing airport,
commercial complex, housing of all kinds, urban parkway system,
existing parks renewed with fresh themes, sports complex, art and
cultural activities, landscaping with continuous green verge along
avenues, etc. Hence the predominant Residential use (46.74%) is
proposed to be followed by Transportation (22.16%) and Public Semi-
Public (18.23%) uses as shown in Map 14.8.
Old Bhubaneswar (BMC & BDPA Rural Area)-Zone 18
Old Bhubaneswar zone has been proposed as a Special Heritage Zone

with 20.21% in order to conserve its built & cultural heritage and to have
controlled development within the entire zone. The areas surrounding the
Old Bhubaneswar are delineated as a gateway to the Cultural Hub for
development of tourism related activities. Activities such as architectural
heritage interpretation center, facilities for pilgrims & religious tourists,
such as dharmashalas, hotels, resorts, fair & festival grounds pilgrimage,
art and culture based training and research institutes, theological

university, research institutes Museum on evolution of Orissan temple
architecture, Ayurvedic and pharmaceuticals research center, Vastu
research center, meditation and spiritual centers etc. as part a of Daya
riverfront development. Bindu Sagar lake-side development such as
pedestrian pathways, walkways, herbal gardens, parks religious and
tourist facilities within the Special Heritage Zone have also been
proposed. Residential use (29.77%) is the predominant land use followed
by the proposed recreational activities under the respective land use
(Map 14.9).
Dhauli (BDPA Rural Area)-Zone 19
Dhauligiri has also been proposed as a Special Heritage zone

with12.67%. The land around Dhauligiri has been proposed as open
space use zone to preserve the natural greens surrounding Dhauli hill
and also to promote tourism related activities such as ‘Dhauli Peace
Park’, Utkal Sanskriti Prangan, art and craft village, performing arts
center, riverfront development, research institution of pisiculture,
horticulture, commercial plantation, etc.
Aigania (BMC & BDPA Rural Area)-Zone 20
Aigania has been proposed as an extensive development zone with

cultural complex and organised development around Khandagiri-
Udaygiri, to promote tourism.
Theme parks, urban open space for recreational purpose, regional sports
complex, international level research centers and institutions like the
Non-conventional Energy Research Center, Rare Forest Species (flora &
fauna) Conservation and Research Center, Biotech Park, Solar Energy
Park, Film City, Multimedia and Animation Graphics Center, Institute of
Fashion Technology, Institute of Catering Technology, Industrial Training
Institutes, etc have been proposed.
Also, the new institutes like the Indian Institute Information Technology,
Institute of Judicial Science etc. can very well be proposed here. Besides,
amidst peripheral open spaces, a 16-link Golf Course, camping sites,
Film City, Sports Complex, etc. may be suitably explored. Residential use
(36.82%) is proposed to be the predominant land use followed by Public
and Semi-Public use (22.57%) as shown in Map 14.11.
Tamando (BDPA Rural Area)-Zone 21
Tamando is proposed as extensive development zone with Information

Technology hubs, SEZ, AIMS and ancillary health and educational
campuses with 17.20% public and semi-public use zone and 7.95%
industrial use zone, urban open space for recreational purpose, regional
sports complex with 5.18% open space use zone etc.
High-end commercial and institutional activities including banking and

financial institutions, mercantile offices, Infrastructure Development
Corporation, real estate promotion or development organisations,
specialised residence in condominiums, star category hotels, business
centers etc, Business Improvement District (BID) Science City, industrial
& technological museums, archival centers, international standard
libraries, information centers and art galleries central city parks and
landscaped gardens outdoor recreation, physical fitness centers,
meditation centers, tennis clubs, golf course , diplomatic enclave, etc
have also been proposed. Residential use (43.34%) is proposed to be
the predominant land use followed by Public and Semi-Public use
(17.20%) as shown in Map 14.12. This zone has also been proposed for
the allocation of the maximum amount of land for Commercial use (422
ha, 7.2%) in BDPA.
Gangapada (BDPA Rural Area)-Zone 22
This zone has also been proposed for automobile industry, terminal
facilities like truck terminal on one side of the NH at strategic locations
and on the other side high end institutions at regional and national level,
franchise schools & high end residential land commercial development to
some extent in continuation with the adjacent Tamando zone has been
proposed etc. Hence industrial (21.77%) and public and semi-public
(19.87%) use is the predominant land use in the zone as shown in Map
14.13.
Khurda (Khurda Municipality Area)-Zone 23
Khurda has been majorly been proposed for Residential use (63.68%) as
shown in Map 14.14. The proposed intensive development zone of
Khurda will also have the Textile Hub with textile industries, textile
manufacturing units with sale and distribution centers, handloom expo
grounds, cottage industry, training institutions for cottage industry,
weavers’ cooperatives, etc. Other activities proposed are stadium and the
adaptable reuse of stone quarry for landscaping.
Barunei (Khurda Municipality & BDPA Rural Area)-Zone 24
Barunei has been proposed as an environmentally sensitive development

zone with proposal for promotion of integrated heritage tourism in Khurda
Garh and the preservation of scenic beauty areas in and around Barunei
Hill (26.18% Agriculture and Forest use zone). The area of Khurda Garh
has been delineated as Special Heritage Zone in order to preserve the
living heritage of the area (Map 14.15). The land under environmentally
sensitive areas have been reserved for development of tourism related
activities such as Heritage Interpretation Center, Martial Arts training
Center, Archaeological parks, picnic spots, social forestry etc.
Jatani (Jatani Municipality Area) - Zone 25
Jatani has been proposed as intensive development zone with transport

terminal and logistic Hub. The emphasis will be on automobile and
building material industry, wholesale trading hub, augmentation of
existing housing, adaptive reuse of old colonial bungalows for club
houses, community archives/ libraries, retail shopping/ display centers
and adaptive reuse of stone quarries for fodder crop/ fuel generation or
landscaping and recreational purpose, etc. The railway colony of Jatani
has been proposed as a Special Heritage Zone in order to maintain the
colonial character of the structures and the grid iron pattern even further
in case of redevelopment or augmentation of infrastructure in the said
area. Though Residential use (49.49%) is proposed to be the
predominant land use, a significant amount of land has been proposed
for Agriculture and Forest use (18.73%) followed by Transportation use
(12.55%) as shown in Map 14.16.
A study of spatial distribution of the proposed Comprehensive

Development Plan reveals specialised use in various zones. However,
the proposed aggregate land use distribution of BDPA shows Residential
land use as 36.14%, Retail and Business Commercial land use as
2.98%, Wholesale Commercial use as 0.59%, Industrial land use as
5.01%, Public and Semi-Public land use as 14.58%, Utilities and
Services land use as 0.84%, Open Space land use as 4.93%,
Transportation land use as 10.38%, Agriculture and Forest land use as
13.16%, Water Bodies use as 5.31%, Special Heritage Zone as 2.12%
and Environmentally Sensitive Zone as 3.95% of the total 419.10 Sq. km
of land area of BDPA as shown in Table 14.2.
Table 14.3: Comparison of Existing and Proposed

Land uses for Major Categories of BDPA
Sl. no Use Zone Existing Land Use (%) in BDPA Proposed Land Use(%) in BDPA
1. Residential Use Zone 12.40 33.7
2. Commercial Use Zone 0.83 2.94
3. Industrial use zone 1.15 4.18
4. Public Semi-Public Use Zone. 3.57 12.65
5. Utilities and Services 0.27 1.05
6. Transportation Use Zone 4.67 14.58
7. Water bodies Use Zone 2.56 5.18
Table 14.3 shows a comparison of the some of the major categories of

land uses in the existing and the proposed Land Use plans of BDPA. It is
observed that there has been a significant rise of area allocations for all
the above mentioned land uses as per the future land use proposal.
Zoning Regulations
14.5 Zoning Regulations

Introduction
In order to promote public health, safety and the general social welfare of
the community, it is necessary to apply reasonable limitation on the use
of land and buildings. This is to ensure that the most appropriate
economical and healthy development of the city takes place in
accordance with the land use plan. For this purpose, the City is divided
into a number of use zones, such as residential, commercial, industrial,
public and semi-public, etc.
Zoning protects residential area from the harmful invasions of commercial

and industrial uses and at the same time promotes the orderly
development of industrial and commercial areas. By regulation the
spacing of buildings, adequate light, air, protection from fire etc. can be
provided. It prevents overcrowding in buildings and land thus ensures
adequate facilities and services.
Zoning is not retrospective. It does not prohibit the uses of land and
buildings that are lawfully established prior to the coming into effect of the
zoning regulations. If these uses are contrary to the newly proposed
uses, they are termed as non-conforming uses and are gradually
eliminated over years without inflicting unreasonable hardship upon the
property owners.
The zoning regulations and their enforcement are a major tool in keeping
the land uses pattern of the Comprehensive Development Plan.
It has been stated that the consultants have adopted the UDPFI
guidelines with minor modification.
However while detailing out the use permissibility, etc in various

categories all care has been taken to integrate “Bhubaneswar
Development Authority” (Plan and Building Standards), Regulation 2008.
This formulated guideline may adopt other provision of the regulation
towards intensity of development and built form guidelines, etc.
1) In the Bhubaneswar Development Planning Area (BDPA), various use

zones viz. Residential, Retail and Business, Wholesale Commercial,
Industrial, Public and Semi-Public, Utilities and Services, Open
Space, Transportation, Agricultural and Forest, Water bodies, Special
Heritage and Environmentally Sensitive Areas having their location as
indicated in the Comprehensive Development Plan shall be regulated
and guided as per Table no 14.4 under regulation. Except or
otherwise provided, no structure or land hereinafter shall be erected,
recreated or altered unless its use is in conformity with the following
regulations.
Zoning Regulations
2) All places of worship, temples, churches, mosques, burial and

cremation ground etc. as existing on 29.10. 2001 shall be exempted
from being treated as non-conforming uses, provided that continuance
of such uses are not detrimental to the locality as decided by the
Authority from time to time.
3) All non-conforming uses of land and buildings shall be discontinued

by the owner and the modified uses shall be made to conform to the
land use of the development plan in force within six months of the
Regulations coming in force.
14.5.1 Simplified Urban Land Use Zoning Regulations

Buildings and premises listed below are permitted normally on specific
sites/locations forming part of the provision of the CDP. Besides the
Activities Permitted (column a) for each of the 12 land use zones in Table
14.4, it also contains the buildings/premises which could be allowed on
an application to the Competent Authority if such sites do not form a part
of the plan. Such use/activity is termed as Permissible on Application to
Competent Authority (with conditions) (column b). The uses/activities
which are otherwise not allowed in a particular use zone are termed as
Activities/Uses Prohibited in certain use zones and are presented in
(column c).
A broad description of the proposed land uses according to

‘Activities/Uses Permitted’, ‘Permissible on application to Competent
Authority (with conditions)’ and ‘Activities/Uses Prohibited’ is given below.
1) Residential Use Zone
In Residential Use Zone, ‘R’ (Primary Residential, Mixed Residential

Unplanned/ Informal Residential) has been marked for general guidance.
a) Uses/Activities Permitted
Residence plotted (detached, semi-detached and row housing), group

housing, work-cum-residential, hostels, boarding and lodging houses,
night shelters, dharamshalas, guest houses, educational buildings
(nursery, primary, high school), neighbourhood level social, cultural and
recreational facilities with adequate parking provisions, marriage and
community halls, convenience shopping, local(retail) shopping,
community centers, clubs, auditoriums, exhibition and art galleries,
libraries and gymnasiums, health clinics, yoga centers, dispensaries,
nursing homes and health centers (20 beds), public utilities and buildings
except service and storage yards, electrical distribution depots and water
pumping stations, nursery and green houses, services for households
(salon, parlours, bakeries, sweet shops, dry cleaning, internet kiosks
etc.), banks and professional offices not exceeding one floor, bus stops,
taxi stands, 3 wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands, police posts and
post offices, parks and tot–lots
Zoning Regulations
b) Uses/Activities Permissible on Application to Competent

Authority (with conditions)
Places of worship, shopping centres, municipal, state and central

government offices, colleges and research institutions, petrol filling
stations, Places of entertainment, cinema halls, restaurants and hotels,
markets for retail goods, IT and IT enabled services, tourism related
services, motor vehicle repairing workshop, garages, storage of LPG
cylinders, burial grounds, printing presses employing not more than 10
persons, godowns /warehousing of non perishables, bus depots without
workshop, household industries if the area for such use does not exceed
one floor and there shall be no public display of the goods, consulates.
c) Prohibited Uses/Activities
Heavy, large and extensive industries, noxious, obnoxious and

hazardous industries, warehousing, storage godowns of perishables,
hazardous, inflammable goods, wholesale mandis, junk yards,
workshops for buses, slaughter houses, hospitals treating contagious
diseases, sewage treatment plants and disposal sites, water treatment
plants, solid waste dumping grounds, outdoor and indoor games
stadiums, shooting range, zoological garden, botanical garden, bird
sanctuary, international conference centers, district battalion offices,
forensic science laboratory, all uses not specifically permitted.
2) Retail Commercial and Business Use Zone
In Retail Commercial and Business Use Zone C1 (Retail Shopping Zone,

General Business and Commercial District) has been marked for general
guidance.
Retail business, mercantile, commercial centers, banks, financial

services and stock exchanges, perishable goods markets, business and
professional offices, private institutional offices and semi government
offices, shops and shopping malls, commercial services, restaurants and
hotels, hostels, boarding houses, social and welfare institutions, guest
houses, convenience and neighborhood shopping centers, local
shopping centers, weekly and formal markets, bakeries and
confectionaries, cinema halls, theaters, banquet halls, auditoriums,
marriage and community halls, night shelters, clinics and nursing homes,
petrol pumps, IT and IT enabled services, commercial institutes, research
and training institutes, parking lots, taxi stands, 3 wheeler/auto stands,
rickshaw stands.

Associated residential uses, wholesale storage yards, service garages

provided they do not directly abut the main road, printing presses
employing not more than 10 persons, 20 bedded hospitals not treating
Zoning Regulations
contagious diseases and mental patients, weigh bridges, colleges,

polytechnics and higher technical institutes, sports complex and
stadiums, transient visitor’s homes, places of entertainment, recreational
uses and museums, convention centers, religious places, public utilities,
telephone exchanges, police posts and post offices, residential, picnic
hut.
Polluting industries, heavy, extensive, noxious, obnoxious, hazardous

and extractive industrial units, hospitals, research laboratories treating
contagious diseases, poultry farms, dairy farms, slaughter houses,
sewage treatment plants and disposal sites, solid waste treatment plants
and dumping grounds, agricultural uses, storage of perishable and
inflammable commodities, quarrying of gravel, sand, clay and stone,
zoological gardens, botanical gardens and bird sanctuary, sports training
centers, district battalion offices, forensic science laboratory and all other
related activities which may cause nuisance, court, all uses not
specifically permitted.
3) Wholesale Commercial Use Zone
In Wholesale Commercial Use Zone, C2 (Wholesale godowns,

warehousing and regulated markets) has been marked for general
guidance.
Wholesale and retail business, wholesale and storage buildings,

commercial and business offices and work places, petrol pumps and
service stations on roads of 12 meter or more ROW, godowns, covered
storage and warehousing, weigh bridges, bus stops, taxi stands, 3
wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands, parking spaces, restaurants,
public utilities, police station/ posts, post offices.

Truck terminal, bus depots and parking, freight terminal, warehousing,

storage godowns of perishable, inflammable goods, coal, wood, timber
yards, service centers, garages, workshops, Non-polluting, non-
obnoxious light industries, junk-yards, gas installation and gas works,
railway yards and stations, road freight stations, banks and financial
services, associated residential uses, government and semi-government
offices, water treatment plants.
Polluting Industries, large scale storage of hazardous and other

inflammable materials excepting in areas, specifically earmarked for the
purpose, all uses not specifically permitted.
Zoning Regulations
4) Industrial Use Zone
In Industrial use zone, I (All kind of non polluting industries, Service and
Light Industry and Special Industrial Zone) has been marked for general
guidance.
All kind of non polluting industries, IT & ITES, SEZs notified by

government of India, loading, unloading spaces, warehousing, storage
and depots of non perishable and non- inflammable commodities, cold
storage and ice factory, gas godowns, wholesale business
establishments, petrol filling station with garages and service stations,
bus terminals and bus depots and workshops, parking, taxi stands, 3
wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands, residential buildings for essential
staff and for watch and ward, public utilities.

Heavy, extensive and other obnoxious, hazardous industries subject to

the approval of the Orissa Pollution Control Board, industrial research
institute, technical educational institutions, junkyards, sports/ stadiums/
playgrounds, sewage disposal works, electric power plants, service
stations, govt. semi-govt., private business offices, banks, financial
institutions and other commercial offices, agro-based industries, dairy
and farming, gas installations and gas works, workshops garages, hotels
and guest houses, museum, helipads, hospitals and medical centers.
General business unless incidental to and on the same site with industry,
schools and colleges, hotels, motels and caravan parks, recreational
spots or centers, other non-industrial related activities, religious buildings,
Irrigated and sewage farms, major oil depot and LPG refilling plants,
social buildings, all uses not specifically permitted.
5) Public and Semi – Public Use Zone
In Public and Semi–Public use zone, PS (Govt./Semi-Govt./Public Offices

Zone/Institutions) has been marked for general guidance.
Uses/Activities Permitted
Government offices, central , state, local and semi-government, public

undertaking offices, universities and specialized educational institutions,
colleges, schools, research and development centers, social and welfare
centers, libraries, hospitals, health centers, dispensaries and clinics,
social and cultural institutes, religious buildings, conference halls,
community halls, kalyan mandap, dharamashala, museums, art galleries,
exhibition halls, auditoriums, police stations, police lines, jails, local state
Zoning Regulations
and central govt. offices uses for defence purpose, educational and
research institutions, social and cultural and religious institutions, local
municipal facilities, uses incidental to govt. offices and for their use,
monuments.
a) Uses/Activities Permissible on Application to Competent

Residential flats, residential plots for group housing and staff housing, IT
services, defence quarters, hostels, transit accommodation,
entertainment and recreational complexes, nursery and kindergarten,
welfare center, open air theater, playground, residential club, guest
house, bus and truck terminals, helipads, parking areas, taxi stands, 3
wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw stands.
b) Prohibited Uses/Activities
Heavy, extensive and other obnoxious, hazardous industries,

slaughterhouses, junkyard, wholesale mandies, dairy and poultry farms,
farmhouses, workshops for servicing and repairs, processing and sale of
farm products and uses not specifically permitted herein.
6) Utilities and Services Use Zone
In Utilities and Services use zone US (Water

Supply/Sewerage/Drainage/Solid Waste, Power, Transmission and
Communication, and Cremation and Burial Ground) has been marked for
general guidance.
Post offices, telegraph offices, public – utilities and buildings, water

treatment plant, sewage treatment plant, solid waste treatment plant solid
waste dumping grounds, radio transmitter and wireless stations,
telecommunication centers, telephone exchange, water supply
installations, sewage disposal works, service stations, cremation grounds
and cemeteries/burial ground, power plants/ electrical substation, radio
and television station, fire stations.

Service industry, warehouse/storage godowns, health center for public

and staff or any other use incidental to public utilities and services,
information/payment kiosks, incidental/ancillary residential use, truck
terminals, helipads, commercial use center.
Any building or structure which is not required for uses related to public
utilities and activities is not permitted therein, heavy, extensive and other
obnoxious, hazardous industries, all uses not specifically permitted.
Zoning Regulations
7) Open Space Use Zone
In Open Space Use Zone, OS (Playgrounds/Stadium/Sports Complex,

Parks and Gardens, Special Recreational Zone and Multipurpose Open
Space Zone) has been marked for general guidance.
Specialized parks/ maidans for multipurpose uses, regional parks, district

parks, playgrounds, children’s parks, clubs, stadiums, picnic huts, holiday
resorts, shooting range, sports training center, swimming pools,
botanical/ zoological garden, bird sanctuary, green belts, bus and railway
passenger terminals, public utilities and facilities such as police post, fire
post, post and telegraph offices, health center for players and staff,
animal racing or riding stables.

Building and structure ancillary to use permitted in open spaces and

parks such as stands for vehicles on hire, taxis and scooters, commercial
use of transit nature like cinemas, circus and other shows, public
assembly halls, restaurants, parking areas, caravan parks, open air
cinemas/ theatre, entertainment and recreational complexes, community
hall, library, open air theater, theme parks, amphitheaters, residential
club, guest house, camping sites, yoga and meditation centres, fire post,
police station, post and telegraph office, commercial use centre, special
education areas, incidental/ancillary residential use.
Any building or structure, which is not required for open air recreation,
dwelling unit except for watch and ward, and uses not specifically
permitted therein, all uses not specifically permitted.
8) Transportation Use Zone
In Transportation Use Zone, T (Roads, Railways, Airport and Bus

Depots/Truck Terminal/ Freight) has been marked for general guidance.
All types of roads, railway stations and yards, airport, bus stops and bus
and truck terminals, taxi stands, auto stands, rickshaw stands, ferry
ghats, parking areas, multi level car parking, filling stations, transport
offices, booking offices, night shelter, boarding houses, banks,
restaurants, workshops and garages, automobile spares and services,
godowns, loading and unloading platforms (with/without cold storage
facility), weigh bridges, ware houses, storage depots, utility networks
(drainage, sewage, power, tele-communications).
Zoning Regulations

Way side shops and restaurants, authorised/planned vending areas,

incidental/ancillary residential use, emergency health care centre, tourism
related projects, all ancillary (complimentary) uses for above categories
(subject to decision of the Authority).
Use/activity not specifically related to transport and communication

permitted herein, all uses not specifically permitted.
9) Agricultural and Forest Use Zone
In Agriculture Use Zone, A (Agriculture and Horticulture, Forest, Brick

kilns and Extractive Area) has been marked for general guidance.
Agriculture and horticulture, dairy and poultry farming, milk chilling center,
storage, processing and sale of farm produce, dwelling for the people
engaged in the farm (rural settlement), farm houses and accessory
buildings, afforestation.

Houses incidental to this use, parks and other recreational uses, wayside
shops and restaurants, hospital for infectious and contagious diseases,
mental hospital after clearance from the authority, agro serving, agro
processing, agro business, cottage industries, burial and cremation
grounds, service industries accessory to obnoxious and hazardous
industries, ice factory, cold storage, godowns and ware houses, soil
testing lab, normal expansion of land uses only in the existing homestead
land, solid waste management sites, sewage disposal works, electric
sub-station, quarrying of gravel, sand, clay or stone, building construction
over plots covered under town planning scheme and conforming uses,
brick kilns and extractive areas, eco-tourism, camping sites, eco-parks,
eco lodges, special outdoor recreations.
Residential use except those ancillary uses permitted in agricultural use

zone, Heavy, extensive, obnoxious, noxious and hazardous industries,
Any activity which is creating nuisance and is obnoxious in nature, All
uses not specifically permitted. For notified forest lands only
afforestation is permitted and item number 18 and 19 from column
(b) permissible by the competent authority.
Zoning Regulations
10) Water bodies Use Zone
In Water bodies Use Zone, W (River/Canal/Streams/Water Spring,

Ponds/Lakes/Wetland/Aqua culture pond and Water logged/Marshy area)
has been marked for general guidance.
Rivers, canals, streams, water spring, ponds, lakes, wetland, aqua

culture pond, reservoir, water logged/marshy area.

Fisheries, boating, water theme parks, water sports, lagoons, water

based resort with special by-laws and any other use/activity incidental to
Water bodies Use Zone is permitted.
Use/activity not specifically related to Water bodies Use not permitted

herein, all uses not specifically permitted.
11) Special Heritage Use Zone
Any development should be in conformity with special byelaws and

regulations prescribed in respective zonal plan and to be approved by the
Heritage Committee.
No construction /development in ASI /State Archeology restricted area.
Residential with special bye laws, public -semi public with special bye
laws, commercial with special bye laws, recreational with special bye
laws, theme parks , archeological parks / gardens with special bye laws,
amphitheatres with special bye laws, Open Air Museums with special
bye laws, restoration of protected and enlisted monuments and precincts
by the concerned authority only (ASI / State Archeology).

Heritage interpretation centre, art galleries & sculpture complex,

educational and research institutions, social and cultural institutions,
commercial activities, craft based cottage industries, hotels, guest
houses, lodges , resorts, group housing , apartments, auditorium,
boating, picnic huts, camping sites, special training camps, Hospitals &
health centers, Multistoried Parking.
c) Prohibited Uses/ Activities
Use/activity not specifically related to Special Heritage Use Zone not

permitted herein, multistoried building, multiplex, shopping Mall, dumping
ground, sewerage treatment, all uses not specifically permitted.
Zoning Regulations
12) Environmentally Sensitive Zone
In Environmentally Sensitive Zone, ES (River front developments, Scenic

value areas) has been marked for general guidance.
Special bye laws need to be formulated in consultation with the Water

Resources Dept. & other concerned departments for special
Environmentally Sensitive zone.
River front developments, scenic value areas, river side green areas,
existing village settlements.

Group housing, corporate type housing adopting modern technology with

special by-laws, theme parks, yoga parks, sports centres and community
recreational areas, international convention centre, incidental residences,
seven or five star lake resorts, five star hotels. organized commerce with
special by-laws, hospitals and health institutions, art academy, media
centres, food courts, music pavilions, parking areas, visitor facilities,
educational, technical, research institutes of higher order, boating , picnic
huts, camping sites, special training camps, existing residential or other
uses with special by-laws, resorts, sculpture complex, lagoons and
lagoon resort, water sports, tourist and pilgrim related commercial
activities, hotels and lodges, non polluting, agro-based and processing
industries, storage or godowns for food grains, water treatment plant,
sewage treatment plant, solid waste treatment plant solid waste dumping
grounds.
c) Prohibited Uses/ Activities
Plotted housing, small industries or small institutions, use/activity not

specifically related to Environmentally Sensitive Use Zone not permitted
herein, no development of any kind is permitted between the
River/Canal/Stream and the embankment, all uses not specifically
permitted.
Table 14.3 shows the (a) Uses/Activities Permitted (b) Uses/Activities

permissible on application to the Competent Authority (with conditions) &
(c) Activities Prohibited as it has been already stated according to the
Model Zoning regulations.
Zoning Regulations
Table 14.4: Land Uses Permitted, Permitted Under Special

Consideration & Prohibited In Different Use Zones
Uses/Activities Permissible on
Sl. No. Use Zone Uses/Activities Permitted application to the Competent Uses/Activities Prohibited
Authority
(a) (b) (c)
1. Residence plotted (detached,
1. Heavy, large and extensive
semi-detached and row housing),
1. Places of worship industries, noxious, obnoxious
group housing, work-cum-
and hazardous industries
residential
2. Warehousing, storage
2. Hostels, boarding and lodging godowns of perishables,
2. Shopping centres
houses hazardous, inflammable goods,
wholesale mandis, junk yards
3. Night shelters, dharamshalas, 3. Municipal, state and central
3. Workshops for buses
guest houses government offices
4. Educational buildings (nursery, 4. Colleges and research
4. Slaughter houses
primary, high school) institutions
5. Neighborhood level social,
5. Hospitals treating contagious
cultural and recreational facilities 5. Petrol filling stations
diseases
with adequate parking provisions
Residential 6. Places of entertainment, cinema 6. Sewage treatment plants and
1 6. Marriage and community halls
Use Zone halls, restaurants and hotels disposal sites
7. Convenience shopping, local 7. Water treatment plants, solid
7. Markets for retail goods
(R) (retail) shopping waste dumping grounds
8. Community centers, clubs, 8. Outdoor and indoor games
8. IT and IT enabled services
auditoriums stadiums, shooting range
9. Zoological garden, botanical
9. Exhibition and art galleries 9. Tourism related services
garden, bird sanctuary
10. Motor vehicle repairing
10. International conference
10. Libraries and gymnasiums workshop, garages, storage of
centers
LPG cylinders
11. Health clinics, yoga centers,
11. District battalion offices,
dispensaries, nursing homes and 11. Burial grounds
forensic science laboratory
health centers (20 beds)
12. Public utilities and buildings
except service and storage yards, 12. Printing presses employing not 12. All uses not specifically
electrical distribution depots and more than 10 persons permitted in column (a) and (b)
water pumping stations
13. Godowns /warehousing of non
13. Nursery and green houses
perishables
14. Services for households
(salon, parlours, bakeries, sweet
14. Bus depots without workshop
shops, dry cleaning, internet
kiosks etc.)
15. Household industries if the
15. Banks and professional offices area for such use does not exceed
not exceeding one floor one floor and there shall be no
public display of the goods
16. Bus stops, taxi stands, 3
wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw 16. Consulates
stands
17. Police posts and post offices
18. Parks and tot–lots
Retail 1. Retail business, mercantile 1. Associated residential uses 1. Polluting industries

2 Commercial 2. Heavy, extensive, noxious,
and Business 2. Commercial centers 2. Wholesale storage yards obnoxious, hazardous and
Use Zone extractive industrial units
3. Hospitals, research
3. Banks, financial services and 3. Service garages provided they
(C1) laboratories treating contagious
stock exchanges do not directly abut the main road
diseases
4. Printing presses employing not 4. Poultry farms, dairy farms,
4. Perishable goods markets
more than 10 persons slaughter houses
5. Sewage treatment plants and
5. 20 bedded hospitals not treating
5. Business and professional disposal sites, solid waste
contagious diseases and mental
offices treatment plants and dumping
patients
grounds
6. Agricultural uses, storage of
6. Private institutional offices and
6. Weigh bridges perishable and inflammable
semi government offices
commodities
7. Colleges, polytechnics and 7.Quarrying of gravel, sand, clay
7. Shops and shopping malls
higher technical institutes and stone
8. Zoological gardens, botanical
8. Commercial services 8. Sports complex and stadiums
gardens and bird sanctuary
9. Restaurants and hotels 9. Transient visitor’s homes 9. Sports training centers
Zoning Regulations
10. Hostels, boarding houses,

10. Places of entertainment,
social and welfare institutions, 10. District battalion offices
recreational uses and museums
guest houses
11. Convenience and
neighborhood shopping centers, 11. Forensic science laboratory
local shopping centers, weekly 11. Convention centers and all other related activities
and formal markets, bakeries and which may cause nuisance
confectionaries
12. Cinema halls, theaters,
12. Religious places 12. Court
banquet halls, auditoriums
13. All uses not specifically
13. Marriage and community halls, 13. Public utilities, telephone
permitted in the column (a) and
night shelters exchanges
(b)
14. Clinics and nursing homes 14. Police posts and post offices
15. Petrol Pumps 15. Residential
16. IT and IT enabled services 16. Picnic Hut
17. Commercial institutes,
research and training institutes
18. Parking lots
19. Taxi stands, 3 wheeler/auto
stands, rickshaw stands
1. Truck terminal, bus depots and
1. Wholesale and retail business 1. Polluting Industries
parking
2. Large scale storage of
hazardous and other inflammable
2. Wholesale and storage
2. Freight terminal materials except in areas,
buildings
specifically earmarked for the
Wholesale purpose
3 Commercial 3. Warehousing, storage godowns
3. Commercial and business 3. All uses not specifically
Use Zone of perishable, inflammable goods,
offices and work places permitted in columns (a) and (b)
coal, wood, timber yards
(C2) 4. Petrol pumps and service
4. Service centers, garages,
stations on roads of 12 meter or
workshops
more ROW
5. Godowns, covered storage and 5. Non- polluting, non- obnoxious
warehousing light industries
6. Weigh bridges 6. Junk-yards
7. Bus stops, taxi stands, 3
wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw 7. Gas installation and gas works
stands
8. Railway yards and stations,
8. Parking spaces
road freight stations
9. Restaurants 9. Banks and financial services
10. Public utilities 10. Associated residential uses
11. Police station/ posts, post 11. Government and Semi-
offices government offices
12. Water treatment plants
1. Heavy, extensive and other
1. General business unless
1. All kind of non polluting obnoxious, hazardous industries
incidental to and on the same site
industries subject to the approval of the
with industry
Orissa Pollution Control Board
2. IT & ITES 2. Industrial Research Institute 2. Schools and colleges
3. SEZs notified by government of 3. Technical Educational 3. Hotels, motels and caravan
India Institutions parks
Industrial Use 4. Junkyards, sports/ stadiums/
Zone 4. Loading, unloading spaces 4. Recreational spots or centers
4 playgrounds
5. Warehousing, storage and
(I) 5. Sewage disposal works, electric 5. Other non-industrial related
depots of non perishable and non-
power plants, service stations activities
inflammable commodities
6. Govt. semi-govt., private
6. Cold storage and ice factory 6. Religious buildings
business offices
7. Banks, financial institutions and
7. Gas godowns 7. Irrigated and sewage farms
other commercial offices
8. Wholesale business 8. Agro-based industries, dairy and 8. Major oil depot and LPG
establishments farming refilling plants
9. Petrol filling station with garages
9. Gas installations and gas works 9. Social buildings
and service stations
10. Bus terminals and bus depots 10. All uses not specifically
10. Workshops garages
and workshops permitted in columns (a) and (b)
11. Parking, taxi stands, 3
wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw 11. Hotels and guest houses
stands
12. Residential buildings for
essential staff and for watch and 12. Museum
ward
13. Public utilities 13. Helipads
14. Hospitals and medical centers
Zoning Regulations
1. Government offices, central , 1. Residential flats, residential

1. Heavy, extensive and other
state, local and semi-government, plots for group housing and staff
obnoxious, hazardous industries
public undertaking offices housing
2. Universities and specialized 2. Slaughterhouses
educational institutions, colleges,
2. IT services
schools, research and
development centers
Public & 3. Social and welfare centers 3. Defense quarters 3. Junkyard
Semi-public 4. Libraries 4. Hostels, transit accommodation 4. Wholesale mandies
5 5. Hospitals, health centers, 5. Entertainment and recreational 5. Dairy and poultry farms,
Use Zone
dispensaries and clinics complexes farmhouses
(PS) 6. Nursery and kindergarten, 6. Workshops for servicing and
6. Social and cultural institutes
welfare center repairs
7. Processing and sale of farm
7. Religious buildings 7. Open air theater, playground
products
8. Conference halls 8. Residential club, guest house
permitted in columns (a) and (b)
9. Community halls, kalyan 9. Bus and Truck terminals,
mandap, dharamashala helipads
10. Parking areas, taxi stands, 3
10. Museums, art galleries,
wheeler/auto stands, rickshaw
exhibition halls, auditoriums
stands
11. Police stations, police lines,
jails
12. Local state and central govt.
offices uses for defence purpose
13. Educational and research
institutions
14. Social and cultural and
religious institutions
15. Local municipal facilities
16. Uses incidental to govt. offices
and for their use
17. Monuments
1. Any building or structure which
1. Post offices, Telegraph offices, is not required for uses related to
1. Service industry
public – utilities and buildings public utilities and activities is not
permitted therein.
Utility and 2. Water Treatment Plant, Sewage
Services Use Treatment Plant, Solid waste 2. Heavy, extensive and other
6 2. Warehouse/storage godowns
Zone Treatment Plant solid waste obnoxious, hazardous industries
dumping grounds
(US)
3. Radio transmitter and wireless 3. Health center for public and staff
stations, telecommunication or any other use incidental to
permitted in column (a) and (b)
centers, telephone exchange public utilities and services
4. Water supply installations 4. Information/Payment kiosk
5. Incidental/ancillary residential
5. Sewage disposal works
use
6. Service stations 6. Truck terminals, helipads
7. Cremation grounds and
7. Commercial use center
cemeteries/burial ground
8. Power plants/ electrical
substation
9. Radio and television station
10. Fire stations
1. Building and structure ancillary 1. Any building or structure,
Open Space to use permitted in open spaces which is not required for open air
Use Zone 1. Specialized parks/ maidans for
7 and parks such as stands for recreation, dwelling unit except
multipurpose use
vehicles on hire, taxis and for watch and ward, and uses not
(OS) scooters specifically permitted therein.
2. Commercial use of transit
2. Regional parks, district parks, 2. All uses not specifically
nature like cinemas, circus and
playgrounds, children’s parks permitted in column (a) and (b)
other shows
3. Clubs 3. Public assembly halls
4. Stadiums, picnic huts, holiday
4. Restaurants
resorts
5. Shooting range, sports training
5. Parking areas, Caravan parks
center
6. Swimming pools 6. Open air cinemas/ theatre
7. Botanical/ zoological garden, 7. Entertainment and recreational
bird sanctuary complexes
8. Green belts 8. Community hall, library
9. Bus and railway passenger 9. Open air theater, theme parks,
terminals amphitheaters
10. Public utilities and facilities 10. Residential club, guest house
Zoning Regulations
such as police post, fire post, post

and telegraph office, health center
for players and staff
11. Animal racing or riding stables 11. Camping sites
12. Yoga and meditation centres
13. Fire post, police station, post
and telegraph office
14. Commercial uses center
15. Special education areas
use
1. Use/activity not specifically
1. All types of roads 1. Way side shops and restaurants related to transport and
communication permitted herein.
2. Authorised/Planned Vending 2. All uses not specifically
2. Railway stations and yards
areas permitted in column (a) and (b)
3. Airport
use
Transportatio
4. Bus stops and Bus and Truck
n Use Zone 4. Emergency health care centre
8 terminals
(T) 5. Taxi stands, auto stands,
5. Tourism related projects
rickshaw stands
6. All ancillary (complimentary)
6. Ferry ghats uses for above categories (subject
to decision of the Authority)
7. Parking areas
8. Multi level car parking
9. Filling stations
10. Transport offices, booking
offices
11. Night shelter, boarding houses
12. Banks
13. Restaurants
14. Workshops and garages
15. Automobile spares and
services, Godowns
16. Loading and unloading
platforms (with/without cold
storage facility), weigh bridges
17. Ware houses, Storage depots
18. Utility networks (drainage,
sewage, power, tele-
communications)
1. Residential use except those
1. Agriculture and Horticulture 1. Houses incidental to this use ancillary uses permitted in
agricultural use zone
2. Dairy and poultry farming, milk 2. Parks and other recreational 2. Heavy, extensive, obnoxious,
chilling center uses noxious and hazardous industries
3. Any activity which is creating
3. Storage, processing and sale of
Agricultural 3. Wayside shops and restaurants nuisance and is obnoxious in
farm produce
and Forest nature
9 4. Hospital for infectious and
Use Zone
4. Dwelling for the people engaged contagious diseases, mental 4. All uses not specifically
(A) in the farm (rural settlement) hospital after clearance from the permitted in column (a) and (b)
Authority
5. Farm houses and accessory 5. Agro serving, agro processing,
buildings agro business
6. Cottage industries
7. Burial and cremation grounds
8. Service industries accessory to
obnoxious and hazardous
industries
9. Ice factory, cold storage
10. Godowns and ware houses
11. Soil testing lab
12. Normal expansion of land uses
only in the existing homestead
land
13. Solid waste management sites,
Sewage disposal works
14. Electric sub station
15. Quarrying of gravel, sand, clay
or stone
Zoning Regulations
16. Building construction over plots

covered under town planning
scheme and conforming uses
17. Brick kilns and extractive areas
18. Eco-tourism, camping sites, 5. For notified forest lands only

7. Afforestation
eco-parks, eco lodges afforestation is permitted and
Item no. 18 and 19 from
19. Special outdoor recreations column (b) are permissible by
the competent authority
1. Rivers, canals 1. Fisheries related to Water bodies Use not
permitted herein.
Water Bodies 2. Boating, water theme parks, 2. All uses not specifically
10 2. Streams, water spring
Use Zone water sports, lagoons permitted in column (a) and (b)
3. Water based resort with special
(W) 3. Ponds, lakes
by-laws
4. Any other use/activity incidental
4. Wetland, aqua culture pond to Water bodies Use Zone is
permitted.
5. Reservoir
6. Water logged/marshy area
Any development should be in conformity with special byelaws and regulations prescribed in respective
zonal plan and to be approved by the Heritage Committee.
No construction /development in ASI /State Archeology restricted area.
1. Residential with special bye 1. Heritage interpretation centre,
related to Special Heritage Use
laws art galleries & sculpture complex
Zone not permitted herein.
2. Public -semi public with special 2. Educational and research
Special 2. Multistoried building
bye laws Institutions
Heritage 3. Commercial with special bye
11 3 Social and cultural institutions 3. Multiplex, Shopping Mall
Zone laws
4 Recreational with special bye
(Area shown 4. Commercial activities 4. Dumping ground
laws
in the map) 5. Theme Parks , Archeological
Parks / Gardens with special bye 5. Craft based cottage industries 5. Sewerage Treatment
laws
(SH)
6. Amphitheatres with special 6. Hotels, guest houses, lodges , 6. All uses not specifically
bye laws resorts permitted in column (a) and (b)
7. Open Air Museums with
7. Group Housing , apartments
special bye laws
8. Restoration of protected and
enlisted monuments and precincts
8 Auditorium
by the concerned authority only
(ASI / State Archeology)
9 boating, picnic huts, camping
sites , special training camps
10. Hospitals & health centers
11. Multistoried Parking
Special bye laws need to be formulated in consultation with the Water resources dept. & other
concerned departments for special Environmentally Sensitive zone
1. Group housing, corporate type
1. River front developments housing adopting modern 1. Plotted housing
technology with special by-laws
2. Theme parks, yoga parks,
sports centres and community 2. Small industries or small
Environment 2. Scenic value areas
recreational areas, International institutions
12 ally Sensitive
convention centre
Zone
related to Environmentally
3. River side green areas 3. Incidental residences
Sensitive Use Zone not permitted
(ES)
herein
4. No development of any kind
4. Seven or five star lake resorts,
is permitted between the
4. Existing village settlements Five star hotels. organized
River/Canal/Stream and the
commerce with special by-laws
embankment
5. Hospitals and health institutions
permitted in column (a) and (b)
6. Art academy, media centres,
food courts, music pavilions
7. Parking areas, visitor facilities
8. Educational, technical, research
institutes of higher order
9. Boating , Picnic huts, Camping
sites Special Training camps
Zoning Regulations
10. Existing residential or other

uses with special by-laws
11. Resorts, sculpture complex,
lagoons& lagoon resort, water
sports.
12. Tourist and pilgrim related
commercial activities, hotels and
lodges
13. Non polluting, agro-based and
processing industries, Storage or
Godowns for food grains
14. Water Treatment Plant,
Sewage Treatment Plant, Solid
waste Treatment Plant solid waste
dumping grounds
14.5.2 Statutory Process for Zoning Regulations

The consultant shall present the draft CDP to the stakeholders. The draft
CDP will be finalized through the following procedures.
a) Feedback from the stakeholders
b) Statutory obligation (i.e. publication and hearing of

objection/suggestions)
1. The draft CDP will be published by the development authority. A

copy will be available for inspection and publish a notice in such
form and manner as may be prescribed by rules made in this
behalf inviting objection and suggestion from any person with
respect to the draft CDP before such date as may be specified in
the notice, not being earlier than sixty days from the publication
of the notice.
2. The authority will give reasonable opportunity to every local

authority, within whose limit any land covered wholly or partly by
the CDP is situated to make any representation with respect to
the process.
Government will constitute a ‘Board of Enquiry’ to hear all the objections

and suggestions. After considering all objections, suggested that may
have been received by the authority and after giving reasonable
opportunity of being heard, to any person including representatives of
government department and authorities who have made requests of
being so heard, the authority shall finally prepare the Comprehensive
Development Plan and submit to the state government for approval.
The board of enquiry report will be submitted to the government for

review and approval.
A notice under section (1) shall be conclusive evidence that development

plan has been duly prepared and approved. The said plan shall come
into operation from the date of publication of such notice in the Gazette.
Other Development Control
Guidelines
14.6 Other Development Control Guidelines

The regulations governing minimum size of plot, maximum plot coverage,
minimum set backs on four sides of the buildings, minimum road widths,
maximum number of floors and maximum height of structures that could
be permitted in various zones are set out in Annexure-I appended to
these regulations (Regulation 26-90) of the Bhubaneswar Development
Authority ( Planning and Building Standards) Regulations-2008.
14.7 Zone wise Village Components

The BDPA is comprised of 205 villages. They are located both in the
municipal/urban areas and the rural areas. The land use prescription has
also to be integrated with the village boundaries and each village wise
land use map has been prepared in 1:4000 scale, which will be an
essential part of the statutory obligation of implementation of the CDP.
Zone wise village list is described in Annexure II.
The village wise proposed maps will form part of the CDP and will be
sequentially numbered zone wise.
Table 14.2: Zone-wise Proposed Land Use
Retail Public & Open Water Environ-

Proposed Wholesale Utility & Transporta- Agricultural Bodies Special
Zone Residential Commercial Industrial Semi- Space mentally Zone
Location Broad Zone Population Area Commercial Services tion Use & Forest Use Heritage
No. Use Zone & Business Use Zone public Use Use Sensitive Total
2030 Use Zone Use Zone Zone Use Zone Zone Zone
Use Zone Zone Zone Zone
Bharatpur Sensitive 543 0 0 12 315 0 581 177 2096 107 0 255 4086
20000 Area (ha)
12 (BMC, BDA Rural) Development
Area % 13.29 0.00 0.00 0.29 7.71 0.00 14.22 4.33 51.30 2.62 0.00 6.24 100.00
Chandrasekharpur Extensive Area (ha) 2217 152 1 443 1021 21 156 633 2 118 0 17 4781
13 700000
(BMC, BDA Rural) Development
Area % 46.37 3.18 0.02 9.27 21.36 0.44 3.26 13.24 0.04 2.47 0.00 0.36 100.00
Sribantapur Sensitive Area (ha) 721 0 92 166 245 28 266 227 535 665 0 150 3095
14 50000
Area % 23.30 0.00 2.97 5.36 7.92 0.90 8.59 7.33 17.29 21.49 0.00 4.85 100.00
East Kuakhai Extensive Area (ha) 680 70 22 0 186 22 9 188 0 133 0 60 1370
15 220000
(BMC) Development
Area % 49.64 5.11 1.61 0.00 13.58 1.61 0.66 13.72 0.00 9.71 0.00 4.38 100.00
Sisupal Sensitive Area (ha) 581 7 0 0 3 0 55 223 0 481 190 1113 2653
16 180000
(BMC, BDA Rural) Development
Area % 21.90 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 2.07 8.41 0.00 18.13 7.16 41.95 100.00
Bhubaneswar-
Intensive 1854 163 26 14 723 11 102 879 125 70 0 0 3967
New Town 450000 Area (ha)
17 Development
(BMC)
Area % 46.74 4.11 0.66 0.35 18.23 0.28 2.57 22.16 3.15 1.76 0.00 0.00 100.00
Area (ha) 548 63 0 0 205 22 82 212 215 119 372 3 1841
Old Bhubaneswar Restricted
150000
18 (BMC, BDA Rural) Development
Area %
29.77 3.42 0.00 0.00 11.14 1.20 4.45 11.52 11.68 6.46 20.21 0.16 100.00
Dhauli Sensitive Area (ha) 236 9 0 0 163 1 50 114 253 273 168 59 1326
19 20000
Area % 17.80 0.68 0.00 0.00 12.29 0.08 3.77 8.60 19.08 20.59 12.67 4.45 100.00
Extensive Area (ha) 1328 111 12 0 814 21 255 368 637 34 27 0 3607
20 Aigania 300000
Development
(BMC, BDA Rural) Area % 36.82 3.08 0.33 0.00 22.57 0.58 7.07 10.20 17.66 0.94 0.75 0.00 100.00
21 Tamando 500000
Development
(BDA Rural) Area % 43.34 7.20 0.20 7.95 17.20 1.98 5.18 7.76 7.38 1.81 0.00 0.00 100.00
22 110000
Development
Gangapada Area % 34.70 5.95 1.90 21.77 19.87 0.61 3.34 6.98 3.49 1.40 0.00 0.00 100.00
Intensive Area (ha) 1052 39 0 47 256 12 23 191 3 29 0 0 1652
23 Khurda 150000
Development
(Khurda M.) Area % 63.68 2.36 0.00 2.85 15.50 0.73 1.39 11.56 0.18 1.76 0.00 0.00 100.00
Barunei Sensitive Area (ha) 654 49 5 248 460 42 90 175 643 14 76 0 2456
24 (Khurda M., BDA 20000
Development
Rural) Area % 26.63 2.00 0.20 10.10 18.73 1.71 3.66 7.13 26.18 0.57 3.09 0.00 100.00
Intensive Area (ha) 1274 8 29 128 185 42 5 323 482 41 57 0 2574
25 Jatani 130000
Development
(Jatani M.) Area % 49.49 0.31 1.13 4.97 7.19 1.63 0.19 12.55 18.73 1.59 2.21 0.00 100.00
Area (ha) 15145 1250 249 2098 6109 354 2066 4349 5516 2227 890 1657 41910
BDPA Total
Area % 36.14 2.98 0.59 5.01 14.58 0.84 4.93 10.38 13.16 5.31 2.12 3.95 100.00
Zone 12: Bharatpur Zone 13: Chandrasekharpur Zone 14: Sribantapur Zone 15: East Kuakhai Zone 16: Sisupal
Zone 17: Bhubaneswar New Zone 18: Old Bhubaneswar Zone 19: Dhauli Zone 20: Aigania Zone 21: Tamando
Town
Fig 14.1: Zone-wise Proposed Land Use by PIE Charts
Investment Plan 15
Introduction
15.1 Introduction
The different sectoral plans that have been drawn up for achievement
over the period up to 2030 have given a rough estimate of investment to
be undertaken. Notwithstanding the fact that this is just an indicative
investment plan, it would be imperative to find out sources of enhanced
capital finances to be able to carry out the required investment. Again, it
has been a common experience that many of the capital expenditure has
not been sustained properly leading the delivery of services to suffer.
Therefore, sustenance of capital expenditure in terms of operation and
maintenance of assets created becomes all the more important and this
calls for looking at the recurrent revenue options.
15.2 Sector-wise Investment Proposal
A summary of sector-wise investment plan for all the sectors covering

traffic and transportation, housing, social infrastructure, tourism and
heritage have been shown in Table 15.1, 15.2, 15.8, 15.9 & 15.10
respectively. For physical infrastructure tentative cost has been estimated
component wise in Table 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, 15.6 & 15.7.
Table 15.1: Tentative Investment Plan of Traffic and
Transportation
Cost (in crore Rs.)

Sl. Phase II (2015-
No. Recommended Action Phase I (upto 2015) 2030)
Construction of various order of roads including up-gradation, capacity
1
augmentation and construction of new alignments (ROW > 100ft)
1A Up-gradation of existing links 190 -
1B Construction of new alignments 2000 2800
1C Up-gradation of the pedestrian and cyclist facilities in the existing links 200 550
2 Intersection management measures
2A Grade separated interchanges 350 750
2B Installation of signals and other pedestrian and cyclist facilities 50 100
3 Creation of off-street parking facilities
3A Off-street parking facilities for 2-wheelers and cars 100 300
3B Para-transit parking facility 25 75
4 New bus cum truck terminal at Khurda 150
Augmentation of regional bus passenger terminal facility near
5
Nandankanan 60 -
6 Construction of multi-modal logistic hub facilities at Jatni 250 -
Construction of whole sale trading and truck terminal facilities near
7
Nakhara. 150 -
Total 3375 4725
* These costs are tentative in nature and do not include land acquisition cost
319
15 Investment Plan
Summary of Sector Wise
Investment Proposal
Table 15.2: Cost of Development for Housing
Cost of
Planning Name of the Planning Total DU Housing
Type Development
Unit No. unit Requirement Area in Acre
(in crores)
13 Chandrasekharpur Extensive 66108 1322 925.4

15 East Kuakhai Extensive 45414 757 529.9
20 Aigania Extensive 54598 1365 955.5
21 Tamando Extensive 105017 2100 1470
22 Gangapada Extensive 21769 435 304.5
17 Bhubaneswar-New Town Intensive 33445 669 669
23 Khurda Intensive 24857 621 621

25 Jatani Intensive 19372 484 484
Grand Total 431915 9286 7492.3
Table 15.3: Tentative Cost Estimate of Proposed Water Supply

Distribution Systems in 2030 for BDPA
Cost Estimate (In Crores)

Sl.
Item
No.
BMC BDPA Rural Khurda Jatani
1 Total capital costs 730 147 32 27

Add the cost towards the price escalation
2 73 14.7 3.2 2.7
of materials@10%
Add the cost towards the price escalation
3 73 14.7 3.2 2.7
of labour charges@10%
4 Total 876 176.4 38.4 32.4
5 Annual O&M Cost 22 4.5 1.0 1.0
Total Initial Cost for Proposed Water Supply Distribution Systems 1123.2

* The total Initial Cost does not include O&M Cost
Table 15.4: The Expected Cost Estimate of the Proposed STP System for
Bharatpur, Chandrashekharpur, Sribantpur, Sisupal, Bhubaneswar New
Town, Old Bhubaneswar, Dhauli and Aigania for 2030.
Sl. No. Description of the items Tentative quantity/costs

3 Cost of construction of a STP unit Rs. 3000 lacs
4 Annual O&M costs for a STP unit Rs. 210 lacs
Total initial investment required for a STP Rs. 3000 lacs
Total Initial Cost for 6 STPs for the above zones Rs. 18000 lacs (180 crores)
Investment Plan 15
Investment Proposal
Table 15.5: Tentative Cost Estimate (in crores) of Proposed

Sewerage Systems in 2030 for BDPA
Sl.
No.
1 Bharatpur 12
2 Chandrasekharpur 13
3 Sribantpur 14
4 Sisupal 16
747
30
7 Dhauli 19
8 Aigania 20
9 East Kuakhai 15 102 4
10 Tamando 21 224 9
11 Khurda 23
63 3
12
Barunei 24
13 Jatani 25
110 5
14 Gangapada 22
Total BDPA Total 1246 51
Total Initial Cost for Sewerage Systems the Above Zones 1246
Add the cost towards the price escalation of materials@10% and the cost towards the price escalation of labour charges
@10% in the above mentioned capital cost.
Table 15.6: Tentative Cost Estimate (in crores) of

Drainage Systems for BDPA
BMC Khurda (M) Jatani (M) BDPA (rural) BDPA

Item Total Cost Total Cost Total Cost Total Cost Total Cost
(Crores) (Crores) (Crores) (Crores) (Crores)
Total capital costs for

225 19.0 17.0 141.0 402.0
drainage
Annual O&M costs 9.0 0.75 0.70 5.6 16
Total Initial Cost for Sewerage Systems 402
321
15 Investment Plan
Investment Proposal
Table 15.7: Tentative Cost Estimate (In Crores) of Proposed

SWM and Treatment Systems in 2030 for BDPA
BDPA
BDPA Khurda Jatani
Item BMC Total Cost
Rural (M) M)
(Crores)
Total capital costs 60.0 22.0 5.0 4.0 91.0
Add the cost towards the price escalation of

6.0 2.2 0.5 0.4 9.1
materials@10%
Add the cost towards the price escalation of

6.0 2.2 0.5 0.4 9.1
labour charges@10%
Annual O&M costs 5.0 3.5 0.75 0.50 9.75

Total Initial Cost for SWM and Treatment Systems BDPA
109.2
Table 15.8: Tentative Cost Estimate (In Crores) of Proposed

Social Infrastructural Facilities for BDPA
BDPA
Additional No. of
Type of Facility Total Cost
Facilities required
(Crores)
Primary School 333 333
Middle School + Secondary School+ Senior
Educational 256 768
Secondary School
College, University + Prof. Tech. Institute 2 22
Hospital 31 1240
Health
Nursing home 25 60
Telecommunication - 100
Postal Service 98 50
Fire Service 12 12
Commercial/Cooperative Bank 149 450
Others Recreational Hall (Cinema/Auditorium) 118 100
Parks and Playground 3000 (Area in Ha) 75
Community hall and Library 48 25
Music dance and Drama Center 19 25
11 KV Substation 28 50
Total 3310
Investment Plan 15
Investment Proposal
Table 15.9: Land Requirement and Cost of Development for

Tourism
Area required Cost

Zone No. Location Description
(In Hectares) (In Crores)
12 Bharatpur (BMC, BDPA Rural) 10 15
13 Chandrasekharpur (BMC, BDPA Rural) 20 40
14 Sribantapur (BDPA Rural) 15 20
15 East Kuakhai (BMC) 8 10
16 Sisupal (BMC, BDPA Rural) 45 85
17 Bhubaneswar-New Town (BMC) 10 25
18 Old Bhubaneswar (BMC, BDPA Rural) 8 15
19 Dhauli (BDPA Rural) 40 50
20 Aigania (BMC, BDPA Rural) 40 40
21 Tamando (BDPA Rural) 90 150
23 Khurda (Khurda M.) 10 15
24 Barunei (Khurda M., BDPA Rural) 10 15
25 Jatani (Jatani M.) 10 10
Tourism Publicity Budget (for the BDPA Planning Area) 10

Tourism Training Infrastructure (for the BDPA Planning Area) 5
Services like Water supply, Sewerage, Solid waste management, Power and
75
Telecommunication (For BDPA Planning Area)
Total 580
Table 15.10: Cost of Preservation and

Promotion of Heritage
Cost
Zone No. Location Description
(In Crores)
16 Sisupal (BMC, BDPA Rural) 35
18 Old Bhubaneswar (BMC, BDPA Rural) 100
19 Dhauli (BDPA Rural) 10
20 Aigania (BMC, BDPA Rural) 30
23 Khurda (Khurda M.) 25
24 Barunei (Khurda M., BDPA Rural) 15
25 Jatani (Jatani M.) 40

Inventory of heritage resources (for the BDPA Planning Area) 10
Preservation and restoration of heritage structures, precincts and

water bodies (for the BDPA Planning Area ) (Acquisition cost not 30
included)
Public awareness (for the BDPA Planning Area) 5
Total 300
323
15 Investment Plan
Total Investment Proposal
15.3 Total Investment Proposal
It is observed by adding the sectoral plans through gross estimate as

shown in Table 15.11; the BDPA Comprehensive Development Plan will
require a total public and private sector investment of around Rs.29,560
crores during next 25 years.
Table 15.11: Sectoral Investment Plan for

BDPA
Sl. No. Sectors Approx. Cost (In Crores)

Traffic and Transportation (Phase I
1 8,100
& Phase II)
2 Housing 7,500
3 Physical Infrastructure 3,070
4 Social Infrastructure 3,310
5 Tourism 580
6 Heritage 300
7 Commercial Development 4,500
8 Misc. 2,200
Total 29,560
However, of this total tentative capital investment amount for all sectors,
an approximate amount of Rs.15,000 crores will be the public investment.
This fund will be raised through specially created BCUC Infrastructure
Fund. Balance requirement will be met from long term Loan, Capital
finance through devolution of fund, User Charges, increased and
reformed Tax base and improved Collection.
APPENDIX
APPENDIX-II
The Appendix refers to the Regulations prescribed in the

BHUBANESWAR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (PLANNING &
BUILDING STANDARDS) REGULATIONS – 2008 and adopted for
application in enforcing the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) for
Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area (BDPA).
General
(This refers to the Regulations No. 26-46 of Part IV of the
BHUBANESWAR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (PLANNING & BUILDING
STANDARDS) REGULATIONS – 2008.)
26. Restriction on Permission:
Without prejudice to any other stipulation in these Regulations, no

permission to construct a building on a site shall be granted:
a. In areas of natural waterways or drains, as detailed in the
Development Plan, and drainage plan as modified from time to
time;
b. if the orientation of such building is not in harmony with the
surroundings, as may be decided by the Art Commission;
c. if the use to which the site is proposed to be put does not
conform to the use earmarked in the Development Plan;
d. if the building is to be constructed over or under a municipal
drain, sewerage line, electrical line, water main, any other
government or public land, or public utility services;
e. if the foundation of the external wall along a street is located at a
distance less than 0.5 meters from the edge of the street or road
margin including the drain;
f. As Bhubaneswar is located in Seismic Zone III, if all Structural
Plans are not prepared taking this into account.
27. Distance from Electric lines:
As provided in clause-6.4 of NBC-2005, no verandah, balcony or the like

shall be allowed to be erected or re-erected or any additions or
alterations made to a building within the distances quoted below in
accordance with the current Indian Electricity Rules, as amended from
time to time between the building and any overhead electric supply line;
325
APPENDIX
Table 1: Minimum Distance from the Electric line
Vertical distance in Horizontal distance in

meters meters
Low and medium
voltage lines and 2.5 1.2
service lines
High voltage lines up to
and including 11,000 3.7 1.2
Volt
High voltage lines
2.0
above 11,000 volt and
3.7
up to and including
33,000 Volt
3.7 2.0
Extra high voltage line (Plus 0.3 meters for (Plus 0.3 meters for
beyond 33,000 Volt every additional 33,000 every additional 33,000
volts or part thereof) volts or part thereof)
28. Plantation:
In every building area, at least 10% of the land shall be covered by

plantation, but in case of multi-storied buildings/ Group Housing/
Apartment building/ Industrial/ Assembly/ Educational/ Institutional
buildings, at least 20% of the land shall be covered by plantation. The
plantation shall be completed by the time; the construction of the building
is completed.
29. Means of access:
a. Every building/ plot shall abut on a public/ private means of

access like streets /roads of duly formed of width as specified in
clause 4, Part-3 of NBC-2005.
b. In no case, development of plots shall be permitted unless it is
accessible by a public/private street of width not less than 6
meters.
c. In case of institutional, administrative, assembly, industrial and
other non residential and non-commercial activities, the minimum
road width shall be 12 meter.
d. In case of a private road, which gives access to one or more
buildings, the owner of the said private road shall develop the
road and storm water drain as required by the Local Authority,
and transfer the same by way of gift to the Local Authority or
handed over to the Registered Residents’ Welfare Association
for maintenance .
30. Minimum size of plots:
The minimum size of plots for different categories of building is given

below:
APPENDIX
Table 2: Category Wise Size of Plot
Category Min. road Min. size of plot

width(m) in Sq. m.
Kalyan Mandaps 18 1000
Cinema, game centers, Multiplex, 18 2000
convention centers
Social clubs and amenities 12 1000
Multi storey car parking 12 1000
Office buildings 12 300
Primary/Upper Primary school 12 2000
High School , Residential school 12 6000
+2 College / Junior college 12 4000
Degree College 18 6000
Technical educational institution 18 10000
Petrol pumps / Filling stations 18 500
Restaurant 12 500
LPG storages 12 500
Places of congregation 12 500
Public libraries 12 300
Conference hall 15 1000
Community hall 12 500
Nursing homes/polyclinics 12 300
Hotel 18 2000
R & D Lab 15 1500
Note:
In exceptional cases the Authority may consider revising the

minimum size of plot on the recommendations of the Development
Plan & Building Permission (DP&BP) Committee.
31. Minimum setbacks & Height for non-high rise buildings:
The minimum setbacks and height of buildings permissible in a given

size/plot for residential and commercial building in non high rising
category shall be as follows:
Table 3:Plot size wise permissible set backs and height of buildings
Front setback (in Mts) Minimum setbacks

Maximum
Abutting road width other sides(in Mts)
Plot size height of
9 Mts 12 Mts
(in Sq. building Less 18 Mts and
and and less Above Rear Other
Mts) permissible (in than 9 less than
below 12 than 30 Mts. side side
Mts) Mts 30 Mts.
Mts 18 Mts
1 2 3(a) 3(b) 3(c) 3(d) 3(e) 4 5
Less than
7 1.0 --
100
100 & upto
10 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.5 1.5 1.5
200
Above 200
10 2.0 1.5
& upto 300
Above 300
12 2.5 1.5
& upto 400
1.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 4.5
Above 400
12 3 3
& upto 500
Above 500
12 4 4
& upto 750 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.5 6.0
Above 750 15 5 5
In case of group housing, the minimum distance between two buildings

will not be less than 1/3rd of the height of the taller building. However the
minimum width of the internal road shall be 6 m.
327
APPENDIX
The set backs/open spaces for other occupancies shall be as below:

a. Educational buildings – In case of nursery schools, the open
spaces around the building shall not be less than 3 meter and for
all other educational buildings the open spaces around the
building shall not be less than 6 meter.
b. Institutional buildings - the open spaces around the building shall
not be less than 6 m.
c. Assembly buildings - the open space in front shall be not less
than 12 m and the other open spaces around the building shall
not be less than 6 m.
d. Commercial & Storage buildings – In case of plots with more
than 500 sq.mtr. area, the open spaces around the building shall
not be less than 4.5m.
e. Industrial buildings - the open spaces around the building shall
not be less than 4.5 m for heights up to 15 meter, with an
increase of 0.25 meter for every increase of 1 meter or fraction
thereof in height.
f. Hazardous occupancies - the open spaces around the building
shall not be less than 6 m.
32. Minimum setbacks for high rise buildings:
For high-rise/ multi-storied buildings, the open spaces around the building
shall be as given in the table below:
Table 4: Provision of Exterior open spaces around the buildings
Exterior open spaces to be left out on all

Sl. Height of the Building
sides in m.
No. Upto (m.)
(front rear and sides in each plot)
1 15 5
2 18 6
3 21 7
4 24 8
5 27 9
6 30 10
7 35 11
8 40 12
9 45 13
10 50 14
11 55 and above 16
Note:
i. On sides where no habitable rooms face, a minimum space of
9.0 m. shall be left for heights above 27.0 m.
ii. In case of multi storied buildings the exterior open space around
a building shall be of hard surface capable of taking load of fire
engine weighting up to 45 tonnes.
APPENDIX
33. Floor Area Ratio:
The floor area ratio (FAR) for residential, commercial, corporate, IT/ITES
buildings shall be decided on the basis of the road width on which the
plot/site abuts.
Table 5: FAR as per Road Width
Road width in m. FAR for FAR for Commercial

individual /IT/ITES/
Residential building. Corporate buildings
Up to 6 1.00 ---
12 or more & less 2.00 2.00
than15
15 or more & less than 2.00 2.25
18
18 or more & less 2.25 2.50
than30
30 & above 2.25 2.75
In case of apartment and group housing the maximum permissible FAR

shall be 2.00. However additional FAR up to 0.25 shall be allowed for
dwelling units meant exclusively for LIG/EWS.
In case of Institutional and Assembly building the maximum permissible

FAR shall be 1.50 for plots up to 1000 sq. m. and 1.75 for plots above
1000 sq. m.
In case of transport related activities such as; railway yards, railway

station, bus stands, bus shelters, transport depot, air port, special ware
housing, cargo terminals etc. the maximum permissible FAR shall be
1.00.
In case of Industrial building the maximum FAR shall be 1.00.
In case a part of the plot is acquired / donated for public purpose like
road, drain, etc., the Authority may allow additional FAR up to 0.25 in
the form of TDR (Transferable Development Right) as per the modality
approved by the Authority.
The Authority may allow premium FAR up to 0.25 on IT/ITES buildings on

payment of fees to be decided by the Authority from time to time, on
roads of width 30 mt. and above. The Authority may refund the fee
proportionate to 0.10 premium FAR in case of platinum/ gold certified
green buildings.
The benefit of unutilized FAR in respect of Apartment Buildings/ Group

Housing shall be made available to the society and not to the Builder/
Developer.
Exclusive multistory parking blocks can be provided within the required

setback area without reducing the driveway for the fire tender to the
extent of minimum 6 meters. This will not be included in the calculation of
coverage and FAR.
329
APPENDIX
FAR shall not include:
i. Basements or cellars and space under a building constructed on

stilts and used as a parking space, and air conditioning plant
room used as accessory to the principal use;
ii. Electric cabin or substation, watchman booth of maximum size of

3 sq.m. with minimum width or diameter of 1.732 m., pump
house, garbage shaft, space required for location of fire hydrants,
electric fittings and water tank, society room of maximum 12
sq.mtr.
iii. Projections and accessories buildings as specifically exempted

from the open space/setback requirement.
iv. Staircase room and lift rooms above the topmost storey,
architectural features, and chimneys and elevated tanks of
dimensions as permissible under the NBC; the area of the lift
shaft shall be taken only on one floor.
34. Height of Building:
The height of the building shall be governed by the limitations of Floor

Area Ratio, open space (setbacks), and the width of the street facing the
plot described as detailed below:
i. The maximum height of a building shall in no case exceed 1.5

times X the width of the road on which the plot abuts + the front
setback. However, higher height on account of premium FAR
may be permitted with the approval of the Government.
ii. If a building abuts on two or more streets of different widths, the

building shall be deemed to face upon the street that has the
greater width and the height of the building shall be regulated by
the width of the street.
Notwithstanding anything contained in Sub-Regulation (1) the height

restrictions with respect to approach Funnels and Transitional area of
Airport as detailed in Table -8 & 9 shall be adhered to.
Table 6: Height Restriction with respect to Approach Funnels
Distance from nearest Maximum Permissible height above the

runway end elevation of the nearest runway end
(in metres) (in metres)
Up to 360 0
361 to 510 6
511 to 660 9
661 to 810 12
811 to 960 15
961 to 1110 18
1111 to 1260 21
1261 to 1410 24
1111 to 1260 21
1261 to 1410 24
APPENDIX
Table 7: Height Restriction with respect to Transitional Areas
Distance of the Inner

Maximum Permissible height above the
Boundary of the Transitional
elevation of the air port reference point
Area (Outer Boundary of the
[in metres]
Air Port) [Metres]
Up to 21 0
22 to 42 3
43 to 63 6
64 to 84 9
85 to 105 12
106 to 126 15
127 to 147 18
148 to 168 21
169 to 189 24
190 to 210 27
More than 210 M 30
Notwithstanding anything contained in the Tables under sub-Regulation

(1), no Radio Aerial, T.V. Antenna, Cell phone tower or such similar type
of installations exceeding 52 metres in height shall be erected without
prior permission of the concerned Civil Aviation Authority.
No building structure or installation exceeding the height indicated in the

said Tables shall be permitted unless the applicant produces a ‘No-
Objection Certificate’ from the Airport Authority.
35. Off-street Parking Space:
In all buildings including Apartment buildings/ Group Housing, Hotels,

Restaurants and Lodges, business buildings, commercial buildings,
Institutional buildings like hospitals, Educational buildings like schools
and colleges, multi-storied buildings/complexes etc. and all other non-
residential activities provision shall be made for parking spaces as per
the following requirements.
Table 8: Off street Parking Space for Different Category of Occupancies
Sl. Parking area to be provided as

Category of building/ activity
No. percentage of total built up area
(1) (2) (3)
Shopping malls, Shopping malls
with Multiplexes/ Cineplexes,
1. 60
Cinemas, Retail shopping centre,
IT / ITES complexes and hotels.
Restaurants, Lodges, Other
commercial buildings, Assembly
2. 40
buildings, Offices and High-rise
buildings/ complexes
Residential apartment buildings,
Group Housing, Clinics, Nursing
3. 30
Homes, Hospitals, Institutional and
Industrial buildings.
331
APPENDIX
Note:
Parking to be provided as percentage of total built up area may be in

basement/stilt floor and setback/open spaces at ground level.
The parking spaces may be provided in (for all schemes):
1. Basements or cellars
2. on stilt floor
3. open parking area
4. exclusive multi level parking or
5. a combination of any or all of the above
Off-street parking spaces shall be provided with adequate vehicular

access to a street and the area of drives, aisles and such other
provisions required for adequate maneuvering of vehicles.
If the total off-street parking space required under these Regulations is

provided by a group of property owners at a place for their mutual benefit,
such parking spaces may be construed as meeting the off-street parking
requirement, however, subject to the approval of the Authority. The
Authority may also decide to develop such parking spaces and charge
property owners to bear proportionate cost.
Garage with locking facilities shall be included in the calculation of floor

space for determining the requirement of parking space, unless this is
provided in the basement of a building or under a building constructed on
stilts with no external walls.
The parking spaces to be provided shall be in addition to the open

spaces (setback) required around a building under these Regulations.
However, parking may be provided in the front open space and other
side open spaces without reducing the clear vehicular access way to less
than 6.0 meters.
Misuse of the area specified for parking of vehicles for any other use
shall be summarily removed / demolished by the Authority.
For parking spaces in basements and upper storey of parking floors, at

lease two ramps of minimum 3.6 m width or one ramp of minimum 5.4 m
width and in maximum 1:10 slope shall be provided. Such ramps may
be permitted in the side and rear setbacks after leaving 6 meter space for
movement of fire-fighting vehicles. Access to these may also be
accomplished through provisions of mechanical lifts.
Up to 10% of cellar may be utilized for utilities and non-habitation

purpose like A/C plant room, Generator room, Electrical installations,
laundry etc.
APPENDIX
At least 20% of the parking in group housing, apartment buildings shall

be earmarked for visitors. The Visitors parking facility shall be open to all
visitors.
Every building except a residential building having less than four dwelling
units will have parking space earmarked for ambulance, fire tender and
physically challenged persons.
In respect of Apartment Complexes/Building/Block, in sites up to 750 sq

m the parking requirement shall be deemed to be met if the entire stilt
floor is left for parking. A WC/Toilet facility shall be provided for watch
and ward in the stilt floor.
Apart from use of Basement for Services/Parking/ Storage, it may be

used for other activities like library, Study Room, Games Room and
Laundry only in case of Residential and Institutional Buildings.
36. Interior Open Space:
At least one side of all the rooms intended for human habitation, if such
room does not abut on the front or the rear or the side setbacks, shall
abut on an interior open space whose minimum dimension shall be 3
meters X 3 meters in cases of buildings up to a height of 12 meters. In
cases where the height of the building is more than 12 meters, the width
of the interior open space shall be increased at the rate of one meter for
every additional 3 (three) meters height. This provision shall be
applicable to all categories of buildings, namely, residential, group
housing, commercial, institutional, administrative, assembly.
For ventilating the spaces for water closets and bathrooms ventilation
shafts shall be provided with size as provided under clause - 8.2.5, part-3
of NBC, 2005.
37. Height exemption of a building:
The following appurtenant structures shall not be included in the height of

the building.
A. Roof tanks and their supports (with support height not exceeding
1 m).
B. Ventilating, air conditioning, lift rooms and similar service

equipments.
C. Stair cover ( mumty) not exceeding 3.0 m. in height and
D. Chimneys, parapet walls and architectural features not

exceeding 1.2 m. in height.
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APPENDIX
38. Exemption in Open Space:
Every open space provided either in the interior or exterior in respect of

any building shall be kept free from any erection thereon and shall be
open to the sky and no cornice, roof, or weather shade of more than 0.75
m. in width shall overhang or project over such open space.
A portico of up to 2.5 m. width and 4.6 m. length with a minimum height

of 2.1 m. from the plinth level may be permitted within the side setback. A
garage is permissible at the rear end of side open space provided no
openings are located on the side and rear boundary. Access to the top of
the portico/garage should not affect the privacy of the neighboring plot.
The portico provided as above should not rest on the boundary wall and
should be open to provide through access to the rear. In case the Portico
is not a cantilevered one and supported by pillars the area shall be
included in the FAR.
39. Basement/Cellar:
Basements/cellars shall not be permitted in low lying area and areas

without adequate drainage facilities to ensure drainage from the
basement.
Construction of basements/cellars may be allowed by the Authority in

accordance with the provisions contained in the development plan
applicable to the concerned area.
The basements/cellars shall only be put to the following uses:
1. Storage of household or other non-combustible materials;
2. Strong room, bank cellars etc;
3. Installation of air-conditioning equipments and other machines

used for service and utilities of building;
4. Parking places.
Individual residential and small commercial buildings (plot size maximum

500 Sq. Meter) may have one basement. However maximum two
basements/cellars may be permitted to be constructed for other buildings
leaving the prescribed set back/ open space applicable to the building.
Further, in case of apartment/ group housing/commercial/corporate & IT
/ITES buildings the basements may be allowed to be constructed under
the entire plot area leaving 3 meter space from the boundary of the
premises subject to the following;
i. In all such cases the owners have to indemnify the Authority

against any damage caused by her/him/them to the adjacent
property.(Form-XI).
APPENDIX
ii. The portion of the basement projecting out of the building line
shall flush with the ground.
The basements shall be used exclusively for parking/ services/storage.
The basement shall fulfill the following requirements:
i. Every basement shall be in every part at least 2.5 m. in height

from the floor to the soffit of the roof slab or ceiling;
ii. Adequate ventilation shall be provided for the basement. The

standard of ventilation shall be the same as required by the
particular occupancy according to regulations. Any deficiency
may be met by providing adequate mechanical ventilation in the
form of blowers, exhaust fans (one exhaust fan for 50 Sq.m. of
basement area), air conditioning system etc;
iii. The minimum height of the ceiling of upper basement shall be

1.00 m. and the maximum, 1.5 m. above the average
surrounding ground level;
iv. Adequate arrangement shall be made, so that surface drainage

does not enter the basement;
v. The walls and floors of the basement shall be water-tight and be

so designed that the effect of the surrounding soil and moisture,
if any, are taken in to account in design and adequate damp
proofing treatment is given;
vi. The a ccess to the basement shall be separate from the main
and alternative staircase providing access and exit from higher
floors shall be provided. Where the staircase is continuous in the
case of buildings served by more than one staircase, the same
shall be of enclosed type serving as a fire separation from the
basement floor and higher floor. Open ramps shall be permitted if
they are constructed within the building line subject to provision
of (D) above.
The ramp providing access to basement to be used for parking shall have
a gradient not steeper than 1:10 and this shall not obstruct the clear
vehicular and pedestrian movement around the building including
movement of fire tender (6 meter).
40. Provision of Lift:
Lift shall be provided for buildings above 10 m. height in case of

apartments, group housing, commercial, institutional and office buildings.
Lift shall be provided at the rate of one lift for twenty dwelling units, or
part thereof for residential buildings and at the rate of one lift per one
thousand Sq.m. or part thereof of built-up area for non-residential
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APPENDIX
buildings. The tenement and built-up area on ground floor and two upper
floors shall be excluded in computing the above requirement.
Notwithstanding anything contained in these Regulations in case of

building with 21 m. or more in height, at least two lifts shall be provided.
41. Mezzanine:
Mezzanine floor may be permitted above any floor in all types of buildings
up to an extent of one-third of the actual covered area of that floor. All
Mezzanine floors shall be counted toward FAR calculation, except the
mezzanine floor over the ground floor.
42. Heritage Zone:
The Authority may notify the Heritage Zones in consultation with the
Archaeological Survey of India, State Department of Archaeology,
Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation and the Art Commission.
Conservation of Heritage Buildings, Heritage Precincts and Natural

features: Conservation of buildings, artifacts, structures, areas and
precincts of historic and /or aesthetic and/or architectural and /or cultural
significance (Heritage buildings and heritage precincts) and/or natural
features of environmental significance shall be taken up by the
Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation in accordance with the relevant
provisions in-force and those framed from time to time.
43. Barrier Free access for the Physically Challenged Person:
Barrier free environment is one, which enables people with disabilities to

move about safely and freely and to use all facilities within the built
environment. The goal of barrier free design is to provide an environment
that supports the independent functioning of individuals so that they can
get into and participate in all activities without assistance.
The main purpose is to integrate disabled and elderly persons fully into
the society. In view of the above, the Government of India has enacted
the Disabilities Act, 1955. Section 44, 45 and 46 of the Act stipulates that
the appropriate Governments, local authorities to ensure provisions of
barrier free facilities in all new Government buildings and public utilities
roads and transport. Also, in 1996 Government of India enacted other
persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunity, Protection of Rights and Full
Participation) Act for the Barrier Free Environment for differently abled
persons.
These byelaws are applicable to all buildings and facilities used by the
public.
APPENDIX
1. Site development:
Level of the roads, access paths and parking areas shall be described in
the plan along with specification of the materials.
2. Access Path/ Walk Way:
Access path from plot entry and surface parking to building entrance shall
be minimum of 1800 mm. wide having even surface without any steps.
Slope, if any, shall not have gradient greater than 5%. Selection of floor
materials shall be made suitably to attract or to guide visually impaired
persons (Limited to coloured floor material whose colour and brightness
is conspicuously different from that of the surrounding floor material or
the material that emit different sound to guide visually impaired persons
hereinafter referred to as “guiding floor material”). Finishes shall have
non slip surface with a texture traversable by a wheel chair. Curbs
wherever provided should blend to a common level.
3. Parking:
For parking of vehicles of handicapped people the following provisions

shall be made:
i. Surface parking for two car spaces shall be provided near

entrance for the physically handicapped persons with maximum
travel distance of 30 meter from building entrance.
ii. The width of parking bay shall be minimum 3.6 meter.
iii. The information stating that the space is reserved for

handicapped persons shall be conspicuously displayed.
iv. Guiding floor materials shall be provided or a device which

guides visually impaired persons with audible signals or other
devices which serves the same purpose shall be provided.
4. Building requirements:
The specified facilities for the buildings for handicapped persons shall be
as follows:
• Approach at plinth level
• Corridor connecting the entrance/exit
• Stairways
• Lift
• Toilet
• Drinking water
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APPENDIX
i. Approach at plinth level: Every building should have at least one

entrance accessible to the handicapped and shall be indicated by
proper signage. This entrance shall be approached through a ramp
together with stepped entry.
ii. Ramp Approach: Ramp shall be finished with non slip material.
Minimum width of ramp shall be 1800 mm. with maximum gradient
1:12, length of ramp shall not exceed 9 meter having 800 mm high
hand rail on both sides extending 300mm beyond top and bottom
of the ramp. Minimum gap from the adjacent wall to the hand rail
shall be 50mm.
iii. Stepped Approach: For stepped approach width of tread shall not
be less than 300 mm. and maximum riser shall be 150 mm.
Provision of 800 mm. high hand rail on both sides of the stepped
approach similar to the ramp approach shall be made.
iv. Exit/Entrance Door: Minimum clear opening of the entrance door

shall be 900mm and it shall not be provided with a step that
obstructs the passage of a wheel chair user. Threshold shall not be
raised more than 12 mm.
v. Entrance Landing: Entrance landing shall be provided adjacent to

ramp with the minimum dimension 1800mmx 2000 mm. The
entrance landing that adjoins the top end of a slope shall be
provided with floor materials to attract the attention of visually
impaired persons (limited to coloured floor material whose colour
and brightness is conspicuously different from that of the
surrounding floor material or the material that emits different sound
to guide visually impaired persons hereinafter referred to as
“guiding floor material”). Finishes shall have a non slip surface with
a texture traversable by a wheel chair. Curbs wherever provided
should blend to a common level.
vi. Corridor connecting the entrance/exit for the handicapped:

The corridor connecting the entrance/exit for handicapped leading
directly outdoors to a place where information concerning the
overall use of the specified building can be provided to visually
impaired persons either by a person or by signs, shall be provided
as follows:
a. Guiding floor materials, shall be provided or

devices that emit sound to guide visually
impaired persons.
b. The minimum width shall be 1250 mm.
c. In case there is a difference of level, slope ways

shall be provided with a slope of 1:12
APPENDIX
d. Hand rails shall be provided for ramps/slope

ways at a height of 800 mm.
vii. Stair ways: One of the stairways near the entrance/exit for the
handicapped shall have the following provisions:
a. The minimum width shall be 1350 mm.
b. Height of the riser shall not be more than 150mm and width
of the tread 300mm. The steps shall not have abrupt
(square) nosing.
c. Maximum number of risers on a flight shall be limited to

12.
d. Hand rails shall be provided on both sides and shall extend

30mm on the top and bottom of each flight of steps.
viii. Lifts: Wherever lift is required as per bye-laws, provision of at

least one lift shall be made for the wheel chair user with the following
cage dimensions of lift recommended for passenger lift of 13 persons
capacity by Bureau of Indian Standards.
Clear internal depth: 1100mm
Clear internal width: 2000mm.
Entrance door width: 900 mm.
a. A handrail not less than 600 mm. long at 1000mm. above

floor level shall be fixed adjacent to the control panel.
b. The lift lobby shall be of an inside measurement of 1800

mm x 1800 mm or more.
c. The time of an automatically closing door should be

minimum 5 seconds and the closing speed should not
exceed 0.25 meter/sec.
d. The interior of the cage shall be provided with a device

that audibly indicates the floor the cage has reached and
indicates that the door of the cage for entrance/exit is
either open or closed.
e. The control panel should have marking in Braille to help

visually impaired.
viii. Toilets: One special W.C. in a set of toilets shall be provided for the
use of handicapped with essential provision of washbasin near the
entrance for the handicapped.
a. The minimum size shall be 1500 x 1750 mm.
b. Minimum clear opening of the door shall be 900mm and the

door shall swing out.
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APPENDIX
c. Suitable arrangement of vertical/horizontal handrails with

50mm clearance from wall shall be made in the toilet.
d. The W.C. seat shall be 50mm from the floor.
ix. Drinking Water: Suitable provision of drinking water shall be made for
handicapped near the special toilet provided for them.
x. Designing for Children: In a building meant for the predominant use

of the children, it is necessary to suitably alter the height of the handrail
and other fittings and fixtures.
44. Rain water Harvesting:
Provision of rain water harvesting is mandatory for all plots, which are
more than 300 Sq.m. in area. The dimension of recharging pits/trenches
should be at least 6 cubic meters for every 100 Sq. m. of roof area.
Percolation Pits shall be filled with small pebbles or brick jelly or river
sand and covered with perforated concrete slabs. Apart from this, the
following requirements are optional and may be provided depending on
site conditions.
1. Terrace Water Collection:
The terrace shall be connected to a sump or the well through a filtering

tank by PVC pipe. A valve system shall be incorporated to enable the first
part of the rainwater collected to be discharged out or to the soil if it is
dirty. A filtering tank measuring 0.36 Sq. m. can be constructed near the
sump. The tank can be divided by a perforated slab and one part should
be filled by small pebbles and other by brick jelly. The bottom portion of
the tank should have a slope to avoid stagnation of water.
2. Open Ground:
Where there is open ground, a portion of topsoil should be removed and

replaced with river sand to allow slow percolation of rain water. Any
other method proved to be effective in conservation and harvesting of
rainwater may be adopted in each and every construction taken up.
45. Signs and Outdoor display structures:
These shall be governed by the relevant provisions of the Orissa

Municipal Corporation Act/Orissa Municipal Act.
Within the Bhubaneswar Development Plan area where no specific

guideline for the above structures is framed, the Authority shall prescribe
the guidelines with approval of Government.
APPENDIX
Specific Regulations
(This refers to the Regulations No. 47-56 of Part V of the
47. Apartment:
No apartment building shall be permitted on plots less than 500 Sq. m. in

size.
In apartment building with joint ownership of land the owner / developer

shall provide floor space for house owner’s society Office / assembly at
the rate of 1 Sq. m. per / flat provided that the minimum area shall not be
less than 12 Sq. m..
One staircase for every 6 dwelling units or fraction there of in a floor shall
be provided.
48. Group Housing:
The minimum size of site for group housing shall be 4000 sq. m.
In addition to other requirements the group housing schemes shall be

accompanied by:
a. A services and Utilities plan as per standards for water supply

system, drainage and storm water disposal system, sewerage
system, rain water harvesting structures, and for other utilities.
b. A landscape plan including rainwater harvesting / water recycling

details.
c. Parking & internal circulation plan along with Common pool

parking area plan, if any. The above shall be drawn on suitable
scale with relevant details.
The minimum abutting road width shall be 9 m. for non high-rise and 18
m. for high-rise building blocks and should be black topped.
Common facilities like shopping centre, community hall or centre/club etc.

are required to be provided in up to 5% of the built up area and shall be
planned and developed in cases where the units are above 50 in number
and not to be part of the residential blocks.
A black topped unhindered public access road of 7.5 meter width is to be

developed on any one side of the periphery as per suitability and
feasibility for the convenience of accessibility of other sites and lands
located in the interior.
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APPENDIX
In case of blocks up to 12 m. heights, access through pathways of 6 m.

width would be allowed. All internal roads and pathways shall be
developed as per standards.
Minimum of 15% of site area shall be earmarked for organized open

space and be utilized as greenery, tot lot or soft landscaping, etc. This
space may be in one or more pockets.
49. Outhouse:
An outhouse with zero rear and one side set back may be permitted on a
plot having an area not less than 150 sq.m., provided that:
i. The coverage of the outhouse shall not exceed 30 sq.m. and the
height shall not exceed 3 m.;
ii. the built up area of the outhouse and that of the main building
together shall not exceed the permissible FAR for the concerned
plot;
iii. the outhouse shall not cover more than one third of the width and
more than one fourth of depth of the plot and shall not abut any
public road;
iv. a minimum 1.5 m. strip of land shall be kept open to the sky
between the main building and the outhouse;
v. no opening either in the form of windows or doors or ventilators

shall be provided to the adjoining properties;
vi. Outhouses with sloping roof would only be permitted. In no case

permission for outhouses would be granted with reinforced
concrete cement flat roof.
50. Requirements for Basti Area:
In a Basti area, permission to erect a building may be given on the basis

of the available width of means of access, provided that where the width
of means of access is 4.5metre or less, the coverage shall be limited to
50% of the plot area and the maximum height of the building limited to
two storey and the F.A.R. limited to 1.00.
For plots with narrow width (7.5metres) zero setbacks may be allowed on
one side with a passage of one meter on the other side.
The rear setback and front setback shall not be less than 3.0 m. and 1.5
m. respectively.
In each house on a Basti plot having one side setback, an internal court-
yard of not less than 10 sq. m. in area and not less than 2.5 m. in width
APPENDIX
shall be provided in such a way that at least one wall of each living room
abuts such court-yard or a verandah opening to such court-yard.
51. Semi detached and row housing:
Owners of adjacent similar dimension plot abutting a road may be

permitted to construct row or semi-detached buildings.
The orientation of the row or semi-detached building shall preferably be

such that the prevailing south-west summer breeze can be availed by
each dwelling unit.
For semi-detached buildings over two adjacent plots, the setbacks, the
height and the FAR shall be regulated by treating both the plots as one.
In case of row housing, the length of a row shall not exceed 30 m. along
the road on which such houses abut. In case, the dwelling units in a row
are scattered the maximum length of the road shall be 100 m.
For row houses the ground coverage shall not be allowed to exceed 60%
and the FAR more than 1.50.
The minimum size of the plot on which a unit of row housing may be
allowed shall be 30 sq. m.
52. Shop cum Residence:
Where plots are allotted in a row for shop-cum-residential purpose the

Authority may allow construction of shop-cum-residential building without
any side set backs up to a depth of 10 meters from the front exterior wall.
Provided that no part of the building up to said depth is used for
residential purpose on the ground floor. No building exceeding 11 meters
in height shall be allowed to be constructed as a shop-cum-residential
plot, unless so permitted under the zonal Development Plan, provided
that the shop-cum-residence shall have 2/3rd of the total floor area used
for shops. The FAR and other parameters shall conform to that specified
for commercial buildings.
53. Cinema, Multiplex and Theatre building:
The relevant provisions of the Orissa Cinemas (Regulations) Rules, 1954

shall apply for planning, designing and construction of Cinema and
Theatre buildings
No permission for construction of a building to be used as a cinema hall,

theatre or auditoria for cultural show shall be granted unless the
construction of such buildings conforms to the provisions of the Orissa
Cinema (Regulations Act, 1954 and the Orissa Cinematograph Rules,
1939 or any other law in force in the State.
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APPENDIX
No permission to construct a cinema hall on a site shall be given unless

such site has been approved by the Authority for construction of a
cinema hall thereon.
Excepting provision for restaurant and incidental facilities no other use

shall be permitted in a cinema building.
All cinema, theatre or auditoria buildings shall conform to IS; 4898-1968

and acoustics design of such buildings shall adhere to the requirements
of IS; 2526-1963.
Exits and fire safety requirements shall be in accordance with Part IV

(Fire and life safety) of National Building Code of India, 2005.
54. Liquefied Petroleum gas:
Vacant space shall be maintained at all times, with the following

distances for storage shed used for the storage of liquefied petroleum
gas cylinders between any building, public space, public road or any
adjoining property which may be built upon and the said storage shed.
Table9:Minimum Distances Reuired for Storage

Shed of Liquified Petroleum Gas Cylinders
Quantity of Compressed Gas Minimum Clear Distance

in Cylinders (Kg.) to be kept (metres.)
0-100 1
101 –1000 3
1001- 4000 5
4001-8000 7
8001-12000 9
12001-30,000 12
Over 30,000 15
Notwithstanding anything contained in the conditions specified above,

cylinders containing liquefied petroleum gas exceeding 100 Kilograms
but not exceeding 300 Kilograms may be kept in a storage shed forming
part of, or attached to building, if it is separated there from by a
substantial partition and the only means of access to it is from outside.
Such a storage shed shall not be situated under any staircase or near
other entrances to or exits from the rest of the building or other buildings.
A shed used for storage of liquefied petroleum gas cylinders shall be
surrounded by a suitable fence to prevent unauthorised persons from
having access to the shed.
55. Petrol Pump:
Minimum distance from the road intersections shall be:
i. For minor roads having less than 30 m. width - 50 m.
APPENDIX
ii. For major roads having width 30 m. or more - 100 m.
The minimum distance of the property line of petrol pump from the centre
line of the road should not be less than 15 meters on roads having less
than 30 m width. In case of roads having 30 m or more width, the width of
the road should be protected.
Plot size:
i. Only for filling stations - 30 m X 17 m
ii. Filling-cum-service station -36 m X30 m
iii. Frontage of the plot should not be less than 30 m
New petrol pump shall not be located on roads having less than 30 m
width
(5)
i. Other controls:
Ground coverage : 20%
FAR : 20
Max. Height : 7m
Canopy equivalent to permissible ground coverage within
setback line.
Front set back : minimum 6 m
ii. Other regulations:

NOC from Explosives/Fire Department
License from the District Magistrate
Ground coverage will exclude canopy area
iii. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) mother station:

Plot size (Max) : 36 m X 30 m
Maximum ground coverage : 20%
Maximum height : 7 m (single storey)
Building component : controlroom/office/
dispensary, store,
pantry and W.C.
56. Farm House:
For construction of Farm House Building in Green belt Use Zone:
i. Minimum size of plot:

Minimum size of a plot for farmhouse shall not be less than 1.00
hectare.
ii. Maximum coverage and FAR:
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APPENDIX
Maximum Permissible Ground coverage for all types of

activities : 15%
Maximum Permissible FAR : 20
Max. Height : 7m
Residential accommodation of watch and ward/maintenance
staff : 100 sq.m.
Setbacks : Front/side abutting road
15.0m and all other
sides 9.0m.
iii. Other Provisions: Minimum 50 percent of the total area of the

farmhouse shall be under plantation/cultivation. At least 100
trees per hectare shall be planted out of which at least 50
percent shall be evergreen trees.
iv. Water supply, Sewerage and drainage:

a. In case of a plot for a farmhouse having dwelling units
the owner thereof shall be responsible to make lawful
arrangements for potable water.
b. The owner shall be responsible to provide drains in the
farm house to be used for rain water and in case of dairy
farm open or closed sanitary drains to clean sheds, as
may be required by the Authority.
c. The owner shall be responsible to provide septic tank
with necessary disposal trenches for disposal of human
and animal waste in the farmhouse within his own
premises.
d. Electrification - The owner of a farmhouse shall obtain
electric connection directly from the appropriate authority
authorized for distribution on such terms and conditions
at his own cost as decided by the appropriate Authority
from time to time.
Integrated Township
(This refers to the Regulations No.57 of Part VI of the BHUBANESWAR
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (PLANNING & BUILDING STANDARDS)
REGULATIONS – 2008.)
57. Large Projects:
“Integrated Township” is gaining increasing acceptance recent times. To

give impetus to economic growth and to enhance the vibrance and
dynamism of urban activities in Bhubaneswar, Integrated Townships with
minimum 10 Ha of land having access from minimum 30 m. R/W road
APPENDIX
shall be allowed. The road shall have adequate provision for cycle track,
footpath, covered drain, plantation, and street light and under ground
utilities.
The integrated Township shall be permitted in Residential / Institutional

zones.
Permissible land use within the town ship (%):
i. Residential : 45-50
ii. Industrial (Non Polluting) & Commercial : 10-13
iii. Institutional : 6- 8
iv. Recreational : 12-14
Other Regulations for approval of Integrated Township:
A. 10% of the total area shall be reserved for parks and open
space. It shall be developed and maintained by the developer to
the satisfaction of the Authority.
B. 5% of the site area shall be reserved for public and semi-public

use and shall be handed over to the Authority free of cost and
the same shall be allotted by the Authority for development either
to the developer or others on lease basis.
C. The FAR shall be calculated on the total area.
D. Road shown in Comprehensive Development Plan shall be

incorporated within the plan and shall be handed over to the
Local Authority free of cost after development.
E. The FAR and coverage shall be 2.50 and 40% respectively.
F. At least 15% of the housing units developed will be earmarked

for EWS/LIG category.
G. The minimum width of internal road shall be 18 mtr.
Multi-Storied Buildings and Group Housing

(This refers to the Regulations No.58 of Part VII of the BHUBANESWAR
58. Restriction on construction of Multi-storied building:
Construction of multi-storied building shall not be permitted in villages

namely Bhubaneswar, Kapileswar, Rajarani and Dhauli in Bhubaneswar
and Mukunda Prasad & Gadakhurda in Khurda. The Authority may
include any other areas for prohibition of multi storied building from time to
time.
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APPENDIX
The Authority may restrict construction of multistoried buildings in any

other area on the basis of objective assessment of the available
infrastructure and planning needs after obtaining due approval of the
Government.
Before commencement of these Regulations, where permission has been

granted conditionally, such cases shall be dealt with under these
Regulations as far as possible, without any major change, or without
removal of construction. However, where violation of Heritage Zone
conditions has occurred, this relaxation shall not apply.
No multi-storied building shall be allowed to be constructed:
A. With approach road less than 18 m. width;
B. On plot the size less than 2000 sq. m.
C. Within 100 meters. from the centre of the National High way on
either side.
59. Stages of Permission:
Permission for construction of a multi-storied buildings, & Group Housing

Schemes shall be given with the approval of the Authority and in
following stages namely:
A. In the first stage permission shall be accorded conditionally to

develop the infrastructure as per specification of Local Authority
and Public Health Engineering Department.
B. After joint inspection, up to 75% of the proposed building height

shall be allowed.
C. After completion of construction up to 75% of the proposed

building as per the approved plan and plantation of 20% of the
plot area the remaining 25% construction shall be allowed.
Note: The plantation shall not obstruct free movement of fire tenders
around the building.
60. Commencement of Work:
Every applicant or builder or owner shall submit a notice regarding his

intention to commence the foundation work of the proposed multi-storied
building to the Authority through authorised technical persons. The said
notice shall be accompanied by the approved plan and should be in
Form-V.
APPENDIX
Soon after the receipt of the notice referred to in sub- clause (1) above,
the Authority shall send a team of officers to the proposed building site
and the layout for foundation of the proposed multi-storied building shall
be made in presence of those officers. The team shall also submit a
report to the Authority to the effect that the layout has been made as per
the approved plan.
During or soon after the construction of the foundation work of the multi-
storied building, the Vice-chairman of the Authority or his representatives
or independent Engineer/ Architect appointed by Authority shall inspect
the construction to ensure that the setbacks, coverage, basement if any,
and foundation standards are according to the approved plan.
The applicant/builder shall submit periodic progress report after casting of

each floor slab in Form-VIII.
61. Liability of detective construction:
For defective constructions, the Authority shall sue the owners, builders,
architects, and the engineers for both civil and criminal liabilities, besides
taking action under these Regulations.
Without prejudice to the provisions of the Act, the actions to be taken by

the Authority shall include stop construction notices, cancellation of
permission, and removal of unauthorized constructions. Such actions
shall be notified.
62. Maintenance:
The main entrance to the premises shall not be less than 5 (five) meters
in width in order to allow easy access to fire engine. The gate shall fold
back against the compound wall of the premises, thus leaving the exterior
access way, within the plot, free for the movement of fire service
vehicles. If archway is provided over the main entrances, the height of
the archway shall not be less than 5 (five) meters.
For multi-storied group housing scheme on one plot, the access way
within the premises shall not be less than 7.5 (seven and half) meters in
width and between individual building blocks, there shall be an open un-
built space of 6 (six) meters.
The space set apart for providing access within the premises shall, in no
case, be included in the calculation of requirements pertaining to parking
spaces and other amenities required to be provided for the building.
Every access way shall be properly drained and lit to the satisfaction of
the Authority. Manhole covers or any other fittings laid within the right of
way of the access way shall be flushed with the finished surface level of it
so as not to obstruct safe movement of men and vehicles.
349
APPENDIX
Reconstruction or addition or alteration to any multi-storied building shall

not be taken in a manner which shall reduce the width of the access way
to a level below the minimum prescribed limit under these Regulations.
63. Exit:
Every multi-storied building meant for human occupation or assembly,

shall be provided with exit sufficient to permit safe escape of the
occupants in case of fire or other emergencies.
An exit may be a door-way, corridor, passage way to an internal or

external staircase or to a verandah or roof or terrace having access to a
street.
Exits shall be so arranged as to provide continuous means of access to

the exterior of a building or exterior open space leading to a street
without passing through any occupied unit.
Exits shall be so located that the travel distance on the floor shall not
exceed twenty meters in case of residential, educational, institutional and
hazardous occupancies and thirty metres in the case of assembly,
business, mercantile, industrial and storage occupancies. Wherever more
than one exit is required for a floor of a building, exits shall be placed at a
reasonable distance from each other as possible. All the exits shall be
accessible from the entire floor area at all floor levels.
There shall be at least two exits serving every floor and at least one of
them shall lead to a staircase.
The width of every exit shall not be less than one metre and shall be
provided as per the following table.
Table 11: Number of occupants as per type of occupancy
Number of occupants per

unit exit
Sl. No. Type of occupancy
Terrac
Stair Case
e
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 Residential 25 75
2 Mixed and other 50 75

uses
Explanation:
A. Lifts and escalators shall not be considered as an exit.
APPENDIX
B. ‘Travel distance’ means the distance from any point in the floor
area to any exit measured along the path or egress except that
when the floor areas are sub-divided into rooms, used singly or
of rooms and served by suite corridors and passage, the travel
distance may be measured from the corridor entrance of such
rooms or suites to the nearest staircase or verandah having
access to the street.
64. ICT landing points:
Every multi storied building complex shall have provision for Information
and Communication Technology (ICT) landing point in the form of a room
near the main entrance gate of dimension not less than 3 m x 4 m. and
having 3 m. clear height. The room shall have two fire proofs doors of
1.2 m. width opening outwards along with adequate ventilation in the
form of windows/ ventilators. Such room shall not be counted in
coverage and FAR calculations.
65. Penal Action against Builders/Technical personnel:
Not withstanding anything contained in these regulations the Authority

reserves the right to debar/ black list the builder/ technical person who
has deviated from the professional conduct or has made any fraudulent
statement or has misrepresented/suppressed any material facts in his
application/ plan or is involved in construction of the building deviating
from the approved plan/norms of these Regulations.
Before taking any action under clause (1) specified above the Authority
shall issue a notice specifying the reasons thereof asking for a show-
cause within 15 days as to why such builder/technical person shall not be
debarred/black listed. After receipt of the show cause, if any, the same
shall be placed before the Authority for a decision on debarring/black
listing the technical person/builder. The decision of the Authority in this
regard shall be published.
An appeal against an order under sub-clause (2) above shall lie under
section 18 of the Act.
66. Occupancy of the building:
In addition to the general provisions contained in Regulation-16 and

partial modification thereof the following provisions shall be followed in
case of multi storied buildings, apartments and group housing schemes;
1. No person shall occupy or allow any other person to occupy any

part of the multi-storied building for any purpose until such
351
APPENDIX
building or any part of it, as the case may be, is granted

occupancy certificate by the Authority.
2. On receipt of completion certificate in Form-VI (Part-I & Part-II)

the Planning Member with the approval of Vice-Chairman shall
issue a provisional occupancy certificate in Form-X to enable the
builder/land owner to obtain service connections.
3. The authorities entrusted with the job of providing services like

electricity, water supply and sewerage shall not provide such
services without provisional occupancy certificate by the
Authority. However, temporary service connection may be
provided for construction purpose.
4. The builder shall cause to register an Association of apartment

owners as required under the Orissa Apartment Ownership Act,
1982, before occupancy certificate for 50% or more of the floor
area is given.
5. The Builder shall submit a copy of the agreement it has entered

into with the apartment owners’ society. This agreement shall
show the terms of maintenance of public utilities.
6. On satisfactory compliance of above & provision of the services

the final occupancy certificate shall be issued by the Planning
Member with approval of the Vice-Chairman.
67. Completion of Construction;
Every applicant/ owner shall submit a notice in Form-VI (Part-I and Part-
II) regarding completion of the construction of multi-storied building, to
the Authority through the registered Architect/Structural Engineer, who
has supervised the construction. The said notice shall be accompanied
with the following documents:
1. Three copies of plan of the completed building.
2. A fee of Rs.5000.
3. Record of Rights relating to ownership.
4. Evidence that all public utility services, and in particular,

sewerage, drainage, water supply, and electricity have been
linked to the main public utility system.
5. No Objection Certificate from Fire Prevention Officer
68. Issue of Occupancy certificate:
The Authority on receipt of the notice of completion, along with all the
required documents, shall take a decision to either issue or refuse
APPENDIX
occupancy certificate in Form-X within 60 days from the date of receipt

of such notice. This fact shall be published in the public notice.
If the occupancy certificate is not issued by the Authority within sixty days
from the receipt of notice, the owner shall draw the attention of the Vice-
Chairman of the Authority in this regard in the Form-XIII. If within the
further period of two month the authority does not communicate its
decision either granting or refusing occupancy certificate, such issue of
occupancy certificate shall be deemed to have been granted to the owner
on the date following the date of expiry of such two months.
Where occupancy certificate is refused by the Authority, reasons thereof

shall be communicated to the applicant and the same shall be published.
An appeal against such a decision will lie under section 18 or 103 of the
Act. The Appellate Authority shall be competent to seek the views of, and
implead as parties, authorities in charge of public utility services, as
provided under the Act, under the Orissa Apartment Ownership Act,
1982, and apartment owners. Where non-provision of public utilities is
likely to affect other residents, such residents can also be impleaded as
parties.
69. Structural Safety Design and other services requirements:
1. Structural Design:
The structural design of foundation, masonry, timber, plain

concrete, reinforced concrete, pre-stressed concrete and
structural steel shall be carried out in accordance with Part-VI
structural design, section-1 loads, section-2 foundation, section-3
wood, section-4 masonry, section-5 concrete and section-6 steel
of National Building Code of India taking into consideration all
relevant Indian Standards prescribed by Bureau of Indian
Standards including the Indian Standard given in IS-Code 1893-
1984, 13920-1993, 4326-1993, 13828-1993, 13827-1993 and
13935-1993 for structural safety.
2. Quality of Materials and Workmanship:
All material and workmanship shall be of good quality conforming

generally to accepted standards of Public Works Department
and Indian standard specification and codes as included in Part-
V Building Materials and Part-VII Construction practices and
safety of National Building Code of India.
3. Alternative Materials, Methods of Design and Construction

and Tests:
The provision of the Bye-Laws are not intended to prevent the

use of any material or method of design or construction not
specifically prescribed by the bye-law provided any such
353
APPENDIX
alternative has been approved. The building materials approved

by B.I.S. or any statutory body will form part of the approved
building material and technology as part of the Bye-Laws.
4. Building Services:
i. The Planning design and installation of electrical

installations, air conditioning installation of lifts and
escalators can be carried out in accordance with Part-
VIII Building Services, section–2 electrical installation,
section–3 air conditioning and heating, section-5
installation of lifts and escalators of National Building
Code of India, 2005.
ii. The requirements of electric sub-station and the

provision of electric sub-station shall also require
approval from the concerned Authority.
5. Plumbing Services:
The planning, design, construction and installation of water

supply, drainage and sanitation and gas supply system shall be in
accordance with Part-IX, Plumbing Services, section-l water
supply; section-2 drainage and sanitation and section-3 gas
supply of National Building Code of India 2005.
Development and Sub-division Land Regulations (This

refers to the Regulations No.70-77 of Part VIII of the BHUBANESWAR
70. Application:
Applications for subdivision of land for utilizing selling, leasing out or

otherwise disposing it off as referred to in clause(a) of sub-section(1) of
Section 16 shall be made to the Authority in Form-1.
The applications for subdivision shall be in addition to the requirements

specified in Regulation-5 (2) (iii) accompanied by:
i. a copy of the title deed of the land in question;
ii. an affidavit with regard to legal ownership and physical

possession of land and such other particulars as the Authority
may require;
iii. an authenticated copy of the certificate with regard to the

payment of development charges, if any, under, Chapter-IX of
the Act, provided that submission of such certificate shall not be
necessary if the provisions of Chapter-IX of the said Act has not
APPENDIX
been brought into force in the area in which the concerned land
is located;
iv. an authenticated copy of the receipt towards payment of the

scrutiny fee to the Authority as prescribed under Rule-18;
v. a no-objection certificate ,from the lessor in case the land is not

lease-hold unless the lease deed permits undertaking sub-
division as applied for;
vi. a site plan traced out of revenue village settlement map in

operation indicating therein in red colour the lands to which the
application relates and surrounding plots;
vii. an index plan of the site showing adjoining areas within a radius
of 150 m. round from the proposed site marking clearly therein
the boundaries of the proposed layout in red colour, existing
road, structures, burial ground and high tension or low-tension
power line passing through the site of the layout plan and the
level of the site;
viii. a detailed plan to a scale not less than 1:100 showing the
proposed layout(sub-division)indicating size of plot width of the
proposed road, open space and amenities provided;
ix. land use analysis indicating the survey plot number, the bye-plot
number, the detailed dimensions of all the plots, the area of
each-plot and the use to which they are proposed to be put;
x. in case of land originally belonging to any religious endowments,

a no-objection certificate from the endowment commissioner or
wakf board as the case may be; and
Where permission for sub-division of land is granted, such permission

shall be communicated to the applicant in Form II within 60 days from the
receipt of the application.
Where permission for sub-division of land is refused such refusal shall be

communicated to the applicant in Form IX.
71. Use in relation to the Development Plan:
Subdivision of land shall normally be permitted for the purpose for which
the concerned land is earmarked in the development plan. Such
subdivision may be for residential, commercial industrial, institutional or
combination of one or more of this purpose or such other purpose as may
be considered conforming to the provisions in the development plan.
Provided that in every subdivision plan spaces for roads, community

facilities and public utilities as specified in this part or such other facilities
as the Authority may determine shall be incorporated.
355
APPENDIX
After a subdivision plan has been approved the Authority shall not permit
construction of a building on any of the plot under section-16 unless the
owners have laid down and made street or streets and provided
amenities as approved or transferred the land covered by roads, open
spaces or other public purposes to the concerned local body.
Subdivision of land for residential purpose in green-belt use zone shall

not be permitted unless such sub-division in the opinion of the Authority
forms a part of the normal expansion of existing human habitation.
The sub division shall conform to the proposals of the CDP and other
development plans.
72. Size of the plot and road width:
No sub divided plot will be less than 50sq.m. However the Authority
reserves the right to relax in special cases such as EWS housing. The
size of the plot shall be according to the relevant sub-division of plot size
in the zones.
Table 12: Minimum Road width for Residential Sub-divisions
Sl.No. Length of road in (m) Min. width of road

1 Up to 250 9.0
2 Above 250 up to 500 12.0
3 Above 500 to 1000 15.0
For EWS housing scheme, the minimum road width may be relaxed.
73. Area for Development:
Apart from the provision for amenities, open spaces, the area for
residential development shall be up to maximum of 50% of the total land
area.
74. Parks and Open Spaces:
Parks and open spaces shall not be less than 10% of the total land area.
This shall be relinquished to the Authority and if required, the Authority
may handover area over for maintenance to the residents’ welfare
association or owner or developer. If the site is not utilized for which it is
leased out within a prescribed period, it will be resumed back to the
Authority.
75. Civic Amenities:
Civic amenities space shall not be less than 5% of the total area. The site
shall be relinquished to Authority and leased to the residents’ welfare
association or the developer on payment of necessary nominal fees as
APPENDIX
prescribed by the Authority from time to time. If the site is not utilized for
which it is leased out within a prescribed period, it will be resumed back
to the Authority.
76. Exemptions:
In case of developable area for residential development is less than 50%

by providing for Master Plan roads or any other road or due to statutory
reasons, prescribed by the Authority in a layout, the applicant may be
exempted from complying with Civic amenities reservation.
For layout over 10.0 ha, commercial land uses such as Business offices,
shopping complexes and Retail up to 2-3% may be permitted, subject to
provision of separate access.
For residential development upto 0.30 hectare of land, the requirement of

open space may not be insisted on.
77. Security deposit for Sub-division Plan:
The applicant shall deposit a refundable non earning security deposit at

the rate of Rs.100/- per Sq. m. of plot area for development of land for a
plotted development scheme.
The security deposits shall be refunded within 60 days from the date on
which completion certificate is produced. If the development is not as per
approved plan, this deposit shall be forfeited and the amount will be
transferred to the local authority for development of the site.
The security deposit will be refunded with 2% interest if the development

is carried out as per the approved plan/ ay out.
The applicant may deposit the security fee in the form of Bank
Guarantee.
Compounding
(This refers to the Regulations No.78-80 of Part IX of the
78. Restriction on Compounding:
Any deviation pertaining to unauthorized development shall not be

compounded;
A. Where construction has been undertaken on Government land or

land belonging to local body or land not owned by the person
undertaking such development;
B. Where FAR or height has been exceeded or front setback has

been reduced from the prescribed norms under these
regulations.
357
APPENDIX
C. Where development has been undertaken unauthorisedly within

the prohibited limits of any ancient or archaeological monuments.
D. Where such developments interfere with the natural drainage of

the locality;
E. Where development has been undertaken unauthorisedly over

the area earmarked /approved for parking; and,
F. Where road or drain whether public or private, whether

constructed or natural, has been encroached.
Subject to the provisions contained in sub Regulation (1), the Authority

shall have the power to determine further such circumstances under
which compounding may be prohibited.
The Authority may, either before or after the institution of the proceedings
under the provisions of the Act compound any offence:
A. Where development has been undertaken without permission,

but within the framework of use restrictions and the provisions of
these Regulations applicable to the concerned plot;
B. Where development has been undertaken in deviation of the

approved plan, but within the framework of the use restriction
and the provisions, norms, and stipulations of these regulations;
and
C. The Authority may however compound deviations up to 10% (ten

percent) beyond the permissible norms of these Regulations in
respect of coverage, rear and side setback only.
79. Compounding Rate:
Compounding Rates for various categories shall be as follows;
Table 13:Category wise Compounding Rates
Compounding fee for sq.ft.

Sl. (in Rs.)
Situations
No. Residential/Inst
Others
itutional
1. Where development has been
undertaken without permission, but
within the frame work of use
10 25
restrictions and the provisions of the
Regulations applicable to concerned
plot
2. Where development has been
undertaken in deviation to the
approved plan, but within the
25 40
framework of use, restrictions and
the provisions of norms and
stipulations of these regulations.
3. Constructions up to 10% beyond the
permissible norms of these
50 100
Regulations with respect to
coverage, side and rear setback.
APPENDIX
Note:
The above rate shall be revised by the Authority from time to time with
prior approval of the Government.
80. Compounding Amount:

At least 50% of the compounding amount shall be utilized for
development of public utility services and protection of heritage sites and
structures.
81. Temporary Retention:

The Authority may allow retention of any unauthorized structure for
temporary period on deposit of retention fee. The type of structure to be
retained, the period of retention and the fees to be deposited shall be
decided by the Authority from time to time.
Savings/Repeals and Interpretation

(This refers to the Regulations No.82-90 of Part X of the
82. Repeal and Savings:
The Bhubaneswar Development Authority (Planning and Building

Standards) Regulations 2001 are hereby repealed.
Notwithstanding such repeal, anything done or any action taken under

the said Regulations so repealed shall be deemed to have been done or
taken under these Regulations, and those pending on the date of
commencement of these Regulations, shall be done or taken under the
provisions of these Regulations.
Where a plan had been approved in relaxation of the norms of earlier

Regulations, through compounding or otherwise and subsequently new
construction has been taken up without plan approval, or, where,
permission for fresh construction is sought for, the stipulations of the
present Regulation shall apply.
83. Information, Education and Communication:
The Authority shall take a pro-active role in educating the land owners
within their jurisdiction so that (a) there will be a planned growth within
development area and (b) demolition will be avoided.
A copy of these Regulations shall be printed by the Authority and sold to

public in the sales counter of the Authority.
84. Interim Development Plans:
The Authority may prepare Interim Development Plans (IDP) for newly
included development areas including stitiban/ ryoti land within a
reasonable time frame so that development may not be held up in the
359
APPENDIX
name of pendency of Interim Development Plan. Where such IDP has not
been prepared, the general provisions of this Regulation shall apply
without any zonal restrictions.
The Authority shall ensure that resources for land acquisition and cost of
land are mobilised or are likely to be mobilised within the time frame
projected for implementation of such Interim Development Plans.
85. Provision of development plan to prevail:
In case any of the provisions of these regulations are at variance with

those contained in any Development Plan or Town Planning Scheme, the
provisions of such plan or scheme shall prevail.
86. Applicability of National Building Code:
Where no express provision has been made in respect of any matter

connected with planning and building standards by the Act, the Rules, the
Development Plan, the Town Planning Schemes, or these Regulations or
by any resolution of the Authority, the provisions of the National Building
Code of India, 2005 shall mutatis mutandis be applicable.
87. Schedules and Annexures:
The qualification, experience and competence of technical personnel and

Builders are given in Schedule-I, which are to be followed as per relevant
regulations.
The extract of ODA Act 1982, ODA Rule 1983 and relevant provisions of
NBC are provided at Schedule-2 for ready reference.
The forms prescribed for application under section-16(1),permission

under section-16(3) drawing attention of Vice-Chairman u/s 16(7) of ODA
Act and others in connection with commencement of work, completion
certificate, Occupancy Certificate, Structural stability certificate and
periodic progress report are provided in Schedule-3.
88. Constitution of D.P & B.P Committee:
The Authority shall constitute a Committee under section-6 of ODA Act to

be called Development Plan and Building Permission Committee with
members from the following Organizations/Department besides those
required from BDA.
1. Vice Chairman, BDA, Chairman
2. Commissioner, Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation
3. Director, Town Planning, Orissa
4. Chief Architect, Orissa
5. Joint Secretary, Housing and Urban Development Deptt. Orissa
APPENDIX
6. Chief Engineer, Public Health Engineering Deptt. Orissa
7. Joint Secretary Environment and Forests Department, Orissa
8. Chief fire Officer, Bhubaneswar
9. Director (Estates), G.A. Deptt., Orissa
10. Member Secretary, Orissa State Pollution Control Board
Additional member(s) may be co-opted/ associated for specific meetings

depending upon the purpose.
The Authority may by notification delegate such powers relating to

approval of schemes, projects and building plans to the Committee
constituted under Sub-Regulation (1) as it may deem appropriate.
Matters and cases relating to permission under section 16 of the ODA

Act and such other matters including permission for multi-storied
buildings are required to be referred to the Committee from time to time
for advice & recommendations.
In order to facilitate clearance from different bodies / departments of

State Government with the concept of single window clearance
approach and thereby final approval by the Authority within stipulated
time frame, the Authority shall constitute a Building Approval Committee
consisting of representatives of the organizations / bodies from whom
clearance for development / building permit clearance is required for
approval of plans coming up in Special Economic Zones, Group
Housing, Multistoried buildings & other Special Buildings.
89. Activities along National Highway:
While regulating activities along National Highway the provisions

contained under the relevant rules and regulations are to be adhered to.
90. Applicability of Regulation’s 2001:
The Scheme for regularization of unauthorized/deviated constructions

through compounding notified under clause-72 (2) of the BDA (Planning
and Building Standards) Regulations’2001(amended) and subsequent
modification shall remain operational as per the provisions of the
Scheme.
If any Department of Government/Statutory Authority has given any

commitment for a project under PPP under the provision of BDA (P&
B.S.) Regulations, 2001 with the prior approval of Government, but the
building plan of such project has not yet been approved by the Authority
as on date of enforcement of these Regulations, such commitment shall
be treated to be made under these Regulations.
Decision of the Government to be final:
In case of any dispute in interpretation of these regulations, the decision
of the State Government shall be final.
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APPENDIX
APPENDIX-II
Zone
Location Villages within the Zone
No.
Andharua (part), Bharatpur (part), Darutheng, Jaganathprasad (part), Jokalandi (part),

12 Bharatpur
Jujhagad, Patharagadia, Raghunathpur (part), Saymasundarpur and Sundarpur
Bamikhal(part), Chandrasekharpur, Damna, Darha(part), Gadkan(part), Injana,

Chandra-
13 Jayadevvihar, Kalarahang, Padasahi(part), Paik Nagar (part), Pandra(part), Patia,
sekharpur
Raghunathpur(part), Raghunathpurjali, Samantpuri and Vanivihar
Balipara, Barimund, Darha (part), Dhawa, Gadkan (part), Gandarpur, Jhinkadihi,

Sribanta-
14 Kalyanpur, Kantania, Khairapara, Krushnasaranpur, Mancheswar, Marichia, Naubant,
pur
Ostapara, Padasahi (part), Pandra (part), Rokat, Singra and Tangibant
15 East Kuakhai Banguri, Haridaspur, Jaepur, Johal, Naharkanta, Nakhara, Pahala and Rudrapur
Badadhanapur, Bankuala, Bargar, Basuaghai, Durgapurpatna, Godagopinathaprasad

16 Sisupal (part), Govindprasad (part), Jharpara (part), Keshara, Koradakanta, Lingipur, Meherpalli,
Pandra (part) and Sisupal
Aiginia (part), Ashok Nagar, Baksijagabandhu Nagar, Bamikhal (part), Bapuji Nagar,
Barmunda, Begunia, Bhipur, Bhoi Nagar, Bhum Nagar, Dumuduma (part), Gang Nagar,
Bhubane - Godagopinathaprasad (part), Gopabandhu Nagar, Govindprasad (part), Jadupur, Jagmara
17
swar New Town (part), Jharpara (part), Kesari Nagar, Kharbel Nagar, Lakshmisagar No.1, Lakshmisagar
No.2, Madhusudan Nagar, Nayapalli, Paik Nagar (part), Pandra (part), Pokhariput, Sahid
Nagar, Satya Nagar and Surya Nagar
Bahadalpur, Bhubaneswar, Ebaranga, Gautam Nagar, Hatasahi, Hatipurpatna,

Old Bhubane -
18 Kapileswar, Kapilprasad, Kochilaput, Kukudaghai, Mahabhoisasan, Mohanpur, Mohanpur,
swar
Raghunathpur, Rajarani, Sarakantar and Sundar Pada
Dhauli, Gelapur, Gopinathpur, Jaganathpur Patna, Kausalyapur, Khatuapada,

19 Dhauli Kousalyaganga, Krushnapur, Nakhaur, Nakhaurpatna, Pubasasan, Santrapurpatana,
Saradeipurpatna, Sardeipur and Uttarasasan
Aiginia (part), Andharua (part), Barmunda (part), Bharatpur (part), Dumuduma (part),
20 Aigania
Ghatikia, Jaganathprasad (part), Jagmara (part), Jokalandi (part), Malipada and Sampur
Alkar (part), Badaraghunathapur, Baliapada, Beguniabarehi, Bhagabanpur, Bidyadharpur,

Bijipur, Chaitanprasad, Chandihata, Chhelda, Chhotarapur, Dakhinamundamuhan,
Dasabatia, Gadajagasara, Gobindapur (part), Gopalpur (part), Harapur, Jagasara,
21 Tamando Jagasarapatna, Jagulaipadar, Janla, Kaimatia, Kaimatiapatana, Kasipur, Madanpur,
Mahura, Nahdapur, Nainput, Naragoda, Naugan, Ogalpara (part), Ogarsuan, Paikarapur,
Pandiapada, Patarapada, Patsahanipur, Ransinghpur, Sahajpur, Santrapur,
Sathuakeragopalpur, Sijua, Sijuput, Suang, Subudhipur, Tamando and Uttaramundmuhan
Alkar (part), Bhatakhuri, Bhimpur, Gangapara, Gobindapur (part), Kanjiama,

22 Gangapada
Kumbharabasta, Nilkanthpur, Ogalpara (part), Pitapalli and Uparbast
Gurujanga, Jagannathpur (part), Jajarsing, Jemadei (part), Khurdha (part),

23 Khurda Mukundaprasad (part), Palla (part), Radhamohannagar, Sanapalla (part) and Totapara
(part)
Baratola, Belapara, Jagannathpur (part), Jemadei (part), Kholadwar, Khudpur, Khurdha

24 Barunei
(part), Mukundaprasad (part), Padanpur, Palla (part), Sanapalla (part) and Totapara (part)
Bachharapatana, Barnuagaon, Chhanaghar, Gopinathpur, Goradharmasagar,

25 Jatani
Jagannathpur Patna, Jatanitownkhasmahal, Jatni, Kudiari, Kumbharkhatia, Kusumati,
Ramchandrapur and Sandhapur
Reference
1. Census of India, District Census handbooks, 2001, 1991, 1981,

1971
2. Economic Survey Report 2003-04, Dir. Of Economics and
statistics, Govt. of Orissa.
3. District statistical handbook, Khurda 2005, Directorate of

Economics and statistics Orissa, Bhubaneswar.
4. District statistical handbook, Khurda 2001, Directorate of

Economics and statistics Orissa, Bhubaneswar.
5. Economic Survey 2005-06, Govt. of Orissa.
6. Orissa Reference Annual- 2004
7. An Economic-Cum-Purpose classification of the Orissa Govt.

Budget
8. Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhubaneswar Final 1993,

Reports Board of inquiry.
9. Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhubaneswar Final,

Perspective Plan 2001, Part 2.
10. Comprehensive Development Plan for Bhubaneswar 1993 Part 1

and 2.
11. Comprehensive Development Plan for Khurda, a Civic Survey

Report BDA 2005.
12. JNNURM for Bhubaneswar, 2006 a City Dev Plan submitted by

Community Consulting India Pvt. Ltd.
13. DPR of Integrated Sewerage and Solid Waste Management for

Abatement of Pollution of Rivers Kuakhai and Daya at
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Final Proposal - CDP BDPA

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Preface

Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area (BDPA), with its population of

To back these aspirations, however, a more streamlined and

To address these issues and develop a holistic set of ‘growth guidelines’

The sequence of planning process has followed the preparation of

(i) Socio Economic Survey Report for BCUC

(ii) Status Report: Perspective Plan for BCUC, November 2006

(iii) Final Proposal: Perspective Plan for BCUC, September 2007

(iv) Draft Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for

(v) Draft Proposal: Comprehensive Development Plan for

The Comprehensive Development Plan has started in the background of

At the outset, the historical growth and genesis of the Bhubaneswar

Based on the systematic studies into various sectors of development, we

Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

The Draft Comprehensive Development Plan was subsequently notified

We deeply acknowledge the patronage and personal interest of

Prof. B.K. Sengupta

Prof. S. Chattopadhyay - Consultant

Prof. S. Sen - Consultant

Prof. S. Basu - Consultant

Prof. J. Barman - Consultant

Prof. A. K. Gupta - Consultant

Prof. T. N. Mazumder - Consultant

Ms. Raj Kunwar Nayak - Senior Project Officer

Ms. Gitali Mandal - Senior Project Officer

Mr. Prashob Raj - Senior Project Officer

1. Honorable Chief Minister, Government of Orissa

Department of Architecture & Regional Planning, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

List of Tables xii-xvi

List of Figures xvii-xix

List of Maps xx-xxi

List of Abbreviations xxii-xxvi

Executive Summary xxvii-l

Chapter – 1: Introduction 1-6

1.2 Broad Objective of the Comprehensive Development Plan

1.3 The Vision

1.4 Planning Issues of BDPA

1.5 The Purpose of CDP

1.6 The Planning Process

1.7 Structure of the Report

Chapter – 2: Bhubaneswar Development Plan Area- An Overview

2.1 Administrative Jurisdiction

2.2 Geographical Setting

2.6 Water Resources

2.7 Forest & Flora Resources

2.8 Socio-Economic Characteristics

2.9 Nature of Development and Land form

2.10 Chronological growth of settlement

2.12 Traffic and Transportation

2.14 Physical Infrastructure

2.15 Social Infrastructure

2.16 Culture, Recreation and Tourism

2.17 Heritage and Conservation

Chapter – 3: Land Use & Land Ownership 17-30

3.1 Existing Land use Distribution

3.1.1 Existing Land use/ Land cover of BCUC

3.1.2 Existing Land use/ Land cover of BMC

3.1.3 Existing Land use/ Land cover of Khurda Municipality