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rdf:type: yago:Movement108464601 yago:SocialGroup107950920 yago:Group100031264 owl:Thing yago:Abstraction100002137 dbo:EthnicGroup yago:WikicatNewReligiousMovements yago:ReligiousMovement108473787
rdfs:label: Umbanda Umbanda Umbanda Umbanda Umbando Umbanda ウンバンダ Umbanda Umbanda Culti sincretici africani Umbanda Умбанда Umbanda
rdfs:comment: ウンバンダ (Umbanda) は、1920年代に成立したブラジルの一神教の宗教である。カトリックの信者で霊媒だったゼリオ・フェルナンジーノ・デ・モラエス（Zelio Fernandino de Moraes）が率いた新興アフロ化宗教とカルデシズム（心霊術）の宇宙論を統合したニテロイの小グループに始まった。転生を信じ、最高神オロルンのもと、インディオ・黒人奴隷の祖霊、カトリックの聖人などを奉じ、信者に憑依した精霊・死霊の導きを受ける。積極的な生き方、儀礼や学習、慈善活動を通し、自身の霊的な向上、悩みや不調の解決、エスニックグループ・社会階級の融和を目指す。 L’umbanda est une religion afro-brésilienne proche du candomblé. Elle est également apparentée à d'autres religions afro-brésiliennes, telles que , Macumba, Quimbanda, , , Ifá, , , et , mais possède cependant sa propre identité. À la différence du candomblé, pratiqué traditionnellement dans la région de Bahia, l’umbanda est généralement considéré comme originaire de la région de Rio de Janeiro, en particulier sous l'influence d'un medium, , qui pratiquait l’umbanda au sein de la population afro-brésilienne pauvre. Umbanda (Portuguese pronunciation: [ũˈbɐ̃dɐ]) is a syncretic Afro-Brazilian religion that blends traditional African religions with Roman Catholicism, Spiritism, and Indigenous American beliefs. Although some of its beliefs and most of its practices existed in the late 19th century in almost all Brazil, it is assumed that Umbanda originated in Niterói and surrounding areas in the early 20th century, mainly due to the work of Zélio Fernandino de Moraes, a psychic ("medium") who practiced Umbanda among the poor Brazilian of African descent. Since then, Umbanda has spread across mainly southern Brazil and neighboring countries like Argentina and Uruguay. Umbando estas religio, kiun influas katolikismo, spiritismo, kaj afrika-brazilaj religioj. La komenco de la umbanda movado estis inter la unua kaj la dua duonoj de 19-a jarcento, kune al kandombleo. La nigruloj en la sklavejoj kantis kaj dancis preĝante al Oriŝaoj, sed la blankuloj pensis, ke ili preĝas al iliiaj katolikaj sanktuloj. Inter la festoj ili komencis ricevi animojn de la tielnomataj Olda-Nigruloj, kiu rektigis ilin helpante spirite kaj por plibonigo en la troa doloro de la korpo. La umbanda es una religión espiritista y ecléctica fundada en Brasil a principios del siglo XX como una forma de culto a sus ancestros (étnicos). La Umbanda és una religió, fundada a Brasil a principis del segle xx. És una religió eclèctica, que ha pres elements provinents de diversos corrents religiosos, i de caràcter sincrética (un sistema filosòfic o religiós que tracta de conciliar doctrines diferents), que combina el seu panteó de deïtats sota les formes de la religió imperant (el cristianisme catòlic). Umbanda (Portugese uitspraak: [ũˈbɐ̃dɐ]) is een syncretistische Braziliaanse religie die Afrikaanse tradities koppelt aan rooms katholicisme, Spiritisme, en overtuigingen van oorspronkelijke bewoners van het Amerikaanse continent. Hoewel sommige overtuigingen en de meeste uitingsvormen al in de late 19e eeuw in bijna geheel Brazilië voorkwamen, wordt aangenomen dat Umbanda oorspronkelijk begin 20e eeuw tot stand kwam in Rio de Janeiro en de omliggende gebieden. Het ontstaan van de beweging wordt vooral gekoppeld aan het werk van een helderziend medium genaamd Zélio Fernandino de Moraes, die Umbanda praktiseerde onder de arme Afro-Braziliaanse bevolking. Sindsdien heeft Umbanda zich verspreid over (vooral) zuidelijk Brazilië en buurlanden als Argentinië en Uruguay. Die Umbanda ist eine synkretistische oder mystisch-spirituelle Religion aus Brasilien, Argentinien und Uruguay, in deren Zentrum das Verkörperungsgeschehen von Geistwesen sozialer Randgruppen sowie das Gespräch mit ihnen stehen. Umbanda zählt zu den dynamischsten und einflussreichsten Religionen in Südamerika. Keine der anderen afroamerikanischen Religionen hat so viele Anhänger unter Euroamerikanern, da die afrikanischen Elemente hier nicht überbetont werden. Umbanda (w języku bantu: sztuka leczenia, magia) - kult afroamerykański, rozpowszechniony w Ameryce Łacińskiej, zwłaszcza w Brazylii, łączący elementy wierzeń afrykańskich, europejskiego okultyzmu i spirytyzmu. Wyznawcy umbandy wierzą w siły dobra i są przekonani, że duchy zmarłych uczestniczą w ich spotkaniach dokonując uzdrowień i przepowiadając przyszłość. A umbanda é uma religião afrobrasileira que sintetiza vários elementos das religiões africanas, indígenas e cristãs, porém sem ser definida por eles. Formada no início do século XX no sudeste do Brasil, na cidade de São Gonçalo, região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, a partir da síntese com movimentos religiosos como o candomblé, o catolicismo e o espiritismo. É considerada uma "religião brasileira por excelência" com um sincretismo que combina o catolicismo, a tradição dos orixás africanos e os espíritos de origem indígena. Umbanda är en brasiliansk blandreligion som utvecklades fr.o.m. 1908 ur yorubareligionen, brasiliansk indianreligion, folkkatolicism och kardeciansk spiritism. Умбанда — бразильская синкретическая религия, соединяющая католицизм, спиритизм Аллана Кардека и афро-бразильские традиции. Основана в 1907 г. в Рио-де-Жанейро; окончательно сформировалась как самостоятельная религия в 1920 году. К концу XX века число приверженцев умбанды составило около миллиона человек, преимущественно жителей Бразилии. Il contatto fra le religioni africane tradizionali e il cristianesimo, a partire dall'epoca coloniale, ha dato origine a numerosi culti sincretici in cui convivono credenze, pratiche e rituali cristiani e tradizionali. In alcuni casi (per esempio nel caso di diversi movimenti indipendentisti), il sincretismo religioso è stato parte di un più vasto fenomeno di commistione di schemi africani ed europei in campo politico, economico, sociale e via dicendo.
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dbp:area: Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, United States, Portugal
dbp:foundedDate: 20
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dbp:type: dbr:Syncretism
dbo:abstract: Umbanda (w języku bantu: sztuka leczenia, magia) - kult afroamerykański, rozpowszechniony w Ameryce Łacińskiej, zwłaszcza w Brazylii, łączący elementy wierzeń afrykańskich, europejskiego okultyzmu i spirytyzmu. Wyznawcy umbandy wierzą w siły dobra i są przekonani, że duchy zmarłych uczestniczą w ich spotkaniach dokonując uzdrowień i przepowiadając przyszłość. ウンバンダ (Umbanda) は、1920年代に成立したブラジルの一神教の宗教である。カトリックの信者で霊媒だったゼリオ・フェルナンジーノ・デ・モラエス（Zelio Fernandino de Moraes）が率いた新興アフロ化宗教とカルデシズム（心霊術）の宇宙論を統合したニテロイの小グループに始まった。転生を信じ、最高神オロルンのもと、インディオ・黒人奴隷の祖霊、カトリックの聖人などを奉じ、信者に憑依した精霊・死霊の導きを受ける。積極的な生き方、儀礼や学習、慈善活動を通し、自身の霊的な向上、悩みや不調の解決、エスニックグループ・社会階級の融和を目指す。 La Umbanda és una religió, fundada a Brasil a principis del segle xx. És una religió eclèctica, que ha pres elements provinents de diversos corrents religiosos, i de caràcter sincrética (un sistema filosòfic o religiós que tracta de conciliar doctrines diferents), que combina el seu panteó de deïtats sota les formes de la religió imperant (el cristianisme catòlic). Il contatto fra le religioni africane tradizionali e il cristianesimo, a partire dall'epoca coloniale, ha dato origine a numerosi culti sincretici in cui convivono credenze, pratiche e rituali cristiani e tradizionali. In alcuni casi (per esempio nel caso di diversi movimenti indipendentisti), il sincretismo religioso è stato parte di un più vasto fenomeno di commistione di schemi africani ed europei in campo politico, economico, sociale e via dicendo. La umbanda es una religión espiritista y ecléctica fundada en Brasil a principios del siglo XX como una forma de culto a sus ancestros (étnicos). A umbanda é uma religião afrobrasileira que sintetiza vários elementos das religiões africanas, indígenas e cristãs, porém sem ser definida por eles. Formada no início do século XX no sudeste do Brasil, na cidade de São Gonçalo, região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, a partir da síntese com movimentos religiosos como o candomblé, o catolicismo e o espiritismo. É considerada uma "religião brasileira por excelência" com um sincretismo que combina o catolicismo, a tradição dos orixás africanos e os espíritos de origem indígena. O dia 15 de novembro é considerado pelos adeptos como a data do surgimento da umbanda, e foi oficializado no Brasil em 18 de maio de 2012 pela Lei 12.644. Em 8 de novembro de 2016, após estudos do Instituto Rio Patrimônio da Humanidade (IRPH), a umbanda foi incluída na lista de patrimônios imateriais do Rio de Janeiro por meio de decreto. Umbanda är en brasiliansk blandreligion som utvecklades fr.o.m. 1908 ur yorubareligionen, brasiliansk indianreligion, folkkatolicism och kardeciansk spiritism. Die Umbanda ist eine synkretistische oder mystisch-spirituelle Religion aus Brasilien, Argentinien und Uruguay, in deren Zentrum das Verkörperungsgeschehen von Geistwesen sozialer Randgruppen sowie das Gespräch mit ihnen stehen. Die Sprache gilt als Verbindungsglied zwischen den materiellen und den immateriellen Welten. In den zugehörigen Ritualen begeben sich geschulte Medien in Trance, um die Geister von ihren Körpern Besitz ergreifen zu lassen (→ Besessenheit). Weitere typische Rituale sind divinatorische Opferzeremonien, wie etwa Blumenspenden an die Meergöttin Iemanjá, die hier der Jungfrau Maria entspricht und als Meerjungfrau dargestellt wird. Umbanda zählt zu den dynamischsten und einflussreichsten Religionen in Südamerika. Keine der anderen afroamerikanischen Religionen hat so viele Anhänger unter Euroamerikanern, da die afrikanischen Elemente hier nicht überbetont werden. Umbando estas religio, kiun influas katolikismo, spiritismo, kaj afrika-brazilaj religioj. La komenco de la umbanda movado estis inter la unua kaj la dua duonoj de 19-a jarcento, kune al kandombleo. La nigruloj en la sklavejoj kantis kaj dancis preĝante al Oriŝaoj, sed la blankuloj pensis, ke ili preĝas al iliiaj katolikaj sanktuloj. Inter la festoj ili komencis ricevi animojn de la tielnomataj Olda-Nigruloj, kiu rektigis ilin helpante spirite kaj por plibonigo en la troa doloro de la korpo. Umbanda (Portuguese pronunciation: [ũˈbɐ̃dɐ]) is a syncretic Afro-Brazilian religion that blends traditional African religions with Roman Catholicism, Spiritism, and Indigenous American beliefs. Although some of its beliefs and most of its practices existed in the late 19th century in almost all Brazil, it is assumed that Umbanda originated in Niterói and surrounding areas in the early 20th century, mainly due to the work of Zélio Fernandino de Moraes, a psychic ("medium") who practiced Umbanda among the poor Brazilian of African descent. Since then, Umbanda has spread across mainly southern Brazil and neighboring countries like Argentina and Uruguay. Umbanda has many branches, each one with a different set of beliefs and practices. Some common beliefs are the existence of a Supreme Being and creator of the universe known as Olodumare. Other common beliefs are the existence of deities called Orixás, most of them syncretized with Catholic saints that act as divine energy and forces of nature; spirits of deceased people that counsel and guide practitioners through troubles in the material world; psychics, or mediums, who have a natural ability that can be perfected to bring messages from the spiritual world of Orixás and the guiding spirits; reincarnation and spiritual evolution through many material lives (karmic law) and the practice of charity and social fraternity. Умбанда — бразильская синкретическая религия, соединяющая католицизм, спиритизм Аллана Кардека и афро-бразильские традиции. Основана в 1907 г. в Рио-де-Жанейро; окончательно сформировалась как самостоятельная религия в 1920 году. К концу XX века число приверженцев умбанды составило около миллиона человек, преимущественно жителей Бразилии. Умбанда основана в большинстве своих разновидностей на почитании божеств Ориша, однако только косвенным образом. В Умбанде принято почитать духовных гидов, работающих «на дорогах» различных Ориша. Эти духовные сущности разделены на линии и группы, управляемые определенными Ориша. Как правило, последователи Умбанды выделяют 7 линий, соответствующих 7 Ориша, в которых сгруппированы духовные сущности, носящие разные названия и представляющие разные архетипы. Первые храмы (террейру) Умбанды появились в самом начале XX века. Сегодня существует несколько отличающихся друг от друга независимых видов Умбанды — например, эзотерическая Умбанда, классическая Умбанда, АУМбанда (с сильным влиянием восточных учений), Умбанда Крузада (где все ещё совершают кровавые жертвоприношения), белая Умбанда и т. д. Основателем классической Умбанды принято считать — именно он основал по указанию одного из духовных гидов первый террейру Умбанды в Бразилии. Umbanda (Portugese uitspraak: [ũˈbɐ̃dɐ]) is een syncretistische Braziliaanse religie die Afrikaanse tradities koppelt aan rooms katholicisme, Spiritisme, en overtuigingen van oorspronkelijke bewoners van het Amerikaanse continent. Hoewel sommige overtuigingen en de meeste uitingsvormen al in de late 19e eeuw in bijna geheel Brazilië voorkwamen, wordt aangenomen dat Umbanda oorspronkelijk begin 20e eeuw tot stand kwam in Rio de Janeiro en de omliggende gebieden. Het ontstaan van de beweging wordt vooral gekoppeld aan het werk van een helderziend medium genaamd Zélio Fernandino de Moraes, die Umbanda praktiseerde onder de arme Afro-Braziliaanse bevolking. Sindsdien heeft Umbanda zich verspreid over (vooral) zuidelijk Brazilië en buurlanden als Argentinië en Uruguay. Umbanda heeft vele takken, ieder met verschillende overtuigingen en praktijken. Enkele overkoepelende overtuigingen zijn het bestaan van een allerhoogste Creator onder de naam Olodumare. Ook wordt er algemeen geloofd in het bestaan van godheden genaamd Orixás, de meeste waarvan gesyncretiseerd zijn met Katholieke heiligen die optreden als goddelijke energie en natuurkrachten; geesten van overledenen die met hun raad en bijstand praktisanten door de problemen in de materiële wereld heen kunnen gidsen; helderzienden, of mediums, die een natuurlijke aanleg hebben die verder getraind en geperfectioneerd kan worden om boodschappen uit de spirituele wereld der Orixás en hulpgeesten over te brengen; reïncarnatie en spirituele evolutie door vele materiele levens (karmische wet) en de praktijk van geven aan goede doelen en sociale broederschap. L’umbanda est une religion afro-brésilienne proche du candomblé. Elle est également apparentée à d'autres religions afro-brésiliennes, telles que , Macumba, Quimbanda, , , Ifá, , , et , mais possède cependant sa propre identité. À la différence du candomblé, pratiqué traditionnellement dans la région de Bahia, l’umbanda est généralement considéré comme originaire de la région de Rio de Janeiro, en particulier sous l'influence d'un medium, , qui pratiquait l’umbanda au sein de la population afro-brésilienne pauvre. L’umbanda comporte de nombreuses branches, dont chacune possède des pratiques et des croyances différentes. Cependant, comme dans le candomblé, les fidèles de la religion umbanda vénèrent les orishas. Une faculté de Théologie umbandiste existe à São Paulo dont l'enseignement est reconnu par un diplôme d'État.
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