WO2013073673A1 - 導電性高分子繊維、導電性高分子繊維の製造方法及び製造装置、生体電極、生体信号測定装置、体内埋め込み型電極、および生体信号測定装置 - Google Patents
導電性高分子繊維、導電性高分子繊維の製造方法及び製造装置、生体電極、生体信号測定装置、体内埋め込み型電極、および生体信号測定装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013073673A1 WO2013073673A1 PCT/JP2012/079805 JP2012079805W WO2013073673A1 WO 2013073673 A1 WO2013073673 A1 WO 2013073673A1 JP 2012079805 W JP2012079805 W JP 2012079805W WO 2013073673 A1 WO2013073673 A1 WO 2013073673A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- electrode
- conductive polymer
- conductive
- base
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
- H01B1/127—Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising five-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polypyrroles, polythiophenes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/73—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/74—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbon or graphite; with carbides; with graphitic acids or their salts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/144—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- D06M13/148—Polyalcohols, e.g. glycerol or glucose
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/244—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons
- D06M15/256—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/356—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/53—Polyethers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/61—Polyamines polyimines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/38—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/30—Drying; Impregnating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/06—Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/063—Devices specially adapted for delivering implantable medical measuring apparatus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0209—Special features of electrodes classified in A61B5/24, A61B5/25, A61B5/283, A61B5/291, A61B5/296, A61B5/053
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/0209—Special features of electrodes classified in A61B5/24, A61B5/25, A61B5/283, A61B5/291, A61B5/296, A61B5/053
- A61B2562/0215—Silver or silver chloride containing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/04—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type
- A61B2562/043—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type in a linear array
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/04—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type
- A61B2562/046—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type in a matrix array
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
- A61B2562/12—Manufacturing methods specially adapted for producing sensors for in-vivo measurements
- A61B2562/125—Manufacturing methods specially adapted for producing sensors for in-vivo measurements characterised by the manufacture of electrodes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/28—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]
- A61B5/283—Invasive
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/291—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electroencephalography [EEG]
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
- D06M23/10—Processes in which the treating agent is dissolved or dispersed in organic solvents; Processes for the recovery of organic solvents thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
- Y10T428/292—In coating or impregnation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
- Y10T428/2942—Plural coatings
- Y10T428/2944—Free metal in coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
- Y10T428/2958—Metal or metal compound in coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2962—Silane, silicone or siloxane in coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
- Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive polymer fiber, a method and apparatus for manufacturing a conductive polymer fiber, a biological electrode, a biological signal measuring device, an implantable electrode, and a biological signal measuring device.
- This application is filed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-251524 filed in Japan on November 17, 2011, Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-185343 filed in Japan on August 24, 2012, and in Japan on August 29, 2012. The priority is claimed based on the Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-189102 filed and the Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-221998 filed in Japan on September 26, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the conductive fibers there are known those in which a metal such as copper is coated on the fiber surface, fibers in which carbon or fine metal wires are woven, and conductive fibers in which a conductive polymer is formed into a string shape. These conductive fibers are widely used for bioelectrodes, biointerfaces, antistatic clothing and the like.
- conventional conductive materials such as metal and carbon are hydrophobic and hard. For this reason, there existed a problem that a compatibility was low for the use which contacts the body surface and body tissue of the biological body which is rich in moisture and is flexible. For example, when a biological electrode is installed on the body surface, it is difficult for the biological electrode made of a hard and hydrophobic material to be in direct contact with the body surface.
- PEDOT-PSS poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid), which is a conductive polymer with particularly excellent conductivity and hydrophilicity, as a material having good compatibility with living bodies ⁇ Is being developed into a thread-like shape by pushing the aqueous solution from the nozzle into the acetone coagulation bath.
- the practical use is also examined (for example, refer nonpatent literature 1).
- PEDOT-PSS has a problem that the moisture (particularly tensile strength) is reduced by absorbing moisture.
- the conductive fiber made of PEDOT-PSS expands when it absorbs moisture, and conversely shrinks when dried. For this reason, there is a problem that the conductivity of the fiber is likely to be lowered or lost as a result of the occurrence of cracks in the fiber or the breakage of the fiber. Clothing may be wet by rain or sweat when used.
- the use environment of the bioelectrode and the biointerface is originally high humidity. Therefore, in order to utilize PEDOT-PSS excellent in conductivity and hydrophilicity for these wide applications, the solution of the above problem has been demanded.
- the conductive fiber made of PEDOT-PSS has a significantly low strength when it contains water, it has the following problems. That is, the fiber produced by the Wet-Spinning method described in Non-Patent Document 1 was a thin fiber having a diameter of about 10 microns. For this reason, there was a problem that it was difficult to handle and the strength was insufficient even during drying. Furthermore, the fiber was highly rigid and had a stiff feel. For this reason, the point which the provision of the softness
- body-surface-mounted bioelectrodes are widely used for recording bioelectric signals such as brain waves, event-related potentials, evoked potentials, electromyograms, and electrocardiograms, and for electrical stimulation of the living body.
- bioelectric signals such as brain waves, event-related potentials, evoked potentials, electromyograms, and electrocardiograms
- a body surface-mounted bioelectrode may be simply referred to as a bioelectrode.
- a conventionally widely used bioelectrode is composed of a metal electrode plate and a gel or paste containing an electrolyte solution.
- the basic structure of these bioelectrodes has a basic structure for fixing the electrode plate and the skin surface by using (applying) a gel or paste between the metal electrode plate and the skin surface.
- a gel or paste containing an electrolyte solution is used between the skin and the metal electrode plate.
- a biological electrode is placed on the skin surface via a gel or paste, it is necessary to increase the contact area of the electrode. This is because the electroconductivity of the gel or paste is not high, and it is necessary to reduce the electrode resistance by increasing the contact area with the skin.
- the enlargement of the contact area of the electrodes is also a main cause of the above problems.
- the structure of the existing biological electrode that relies on the electrolyte gel or paste has a poor feeling of wearing, making it difficult to further reduce the size and increase the density of the electrode.
- an implantable bio-electrode is required.
- signals such as nerve cell action potentials and synaptic potentials are weak. Therefore, there are many signals that are difficult to measure and input unless an electrode is placed very close to the cell.
- implantable bioelectrodes are widely used for cardiac pacemakers and cochlear implants. As future human interfaces, the development of implantable bioelectrodes such as brain machine interfaces is underway.
- the living body is a flexible tissue rich in water and electrolytes.
- conventional bioelectrodes for implantation in the body are manufactured using a hard and hydrophobic conductive material such as metal or carbon.
- a hard and hydrophobic conductive material such as metal or carbon.
- the following problems may occur particularly when the electrodes are embedded in the cerebrospinal nerve tissue. That is, inflammation caused by fine damage to the nerve tissue gradually expands, and as a result, nerve cells around the electrode may be degenerated or dropped, making measurement and stimulation (signal input) difficult.
- nerve cell defects and glial scars may be formed, resulting in reduced efficiency of electrical stimulation and degradation or loss of measurement waveforms.
- neuronal deficiency may cause nerve dysfunction. For these reasons, there is a need for a solution.
- Conductive fibers made of such a PEDOT-PSS composite material have electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, and water resistance, and thus are particularly expected as biomaterials.
- PEDOT-PSS materials for example, Clevios P made by Heareus
- the methods for fixing PEDOT-PSS can be roughly classified into two types: a chemical method and an electrochemical method.
- the chemical method is a relatively simple fixing method, and PEDOT-PSS can be fixed to various substrates, but the conductivity and strength are not as high as those of the electrochemical method described later.
- the electrochemical method is a method in which PEDOT-PSS is electrically polymerized and fixed on the electrode surface, and is superior in conductivity and strength to the chemical method, but it is necessary to energize between the substrate and the solution. For this reason, it is necessary to use a conductive material for the substrate.
- the fiber bundle serving as a base material is an insulator (non-conductive), and therefore an electrochemical method is usually used. It is not possible to do so, and it is necessary to use a chemical fixation method.
- the fiber bundle impregnated with PEDOT-PSS can be produced by a method of spraying an organic solvent such as acetone, ethanol, methanol or the like, or an electrolyte solution such as a magnesium oxide solution, or dipping in a liquid.
- the conductive polymer fiber made of the PEDOT-PSS fiber bundle manufactured by the chemical fixing method has a conductivity of about 40 to 50 M ⁇ / cm with No. 9 silk thread (fiber bundle diameter of about 280 microns). Furthermore, the adhesive strength between the PEDOT-PSS and the fiber bundle is low. For this reason, the PEDOT-PSS is likely to be peeled off, and the conductivity tends to be lowered. Therefore, further improvement is required.
- a spinning method (wet spinning or electrospinning) may be used as a technique for making PEDOT-PSS into a fiber.
- a spinning method wet spinning or electrospinning
- conductivity is imparted by applying a metal coating to the fiber bundle in advance, or PEDOT-PSS is bonded to the fiber bundle by a chemical fixing method. It is also conceivable to fix PEDOT-PSS electrochemically by fixing it to the surface and imparting conductivity and utilizing this conductivity as an electrode. However, this method is a step of fixing in two steps, so that the productivity is inferior and the cost may increase.
- a composite fiber of PEDOT-PSS and a fiber bundle such as silk as described above is a conductive material that has excellent biocompatibility and is expected to be applied to a bioelectrode.
- a composite fiber can be manufactured by the above-described chemical fixing method, further improvement in conductivity and durability and improvement in production efficiency are required.
- the inventors of the present invention pay attention to the fact that a conductive polymer represented by PEDOT-PSS developed in recent years has high hydrophilicity and flexibility, and in the case where the conductive polymer is embedded in the body as an electrode.
- the present invention has been completed as a result of intensive research, considering that stress applied to living tissue can be reduced.
- the first to fourth aspects of the present invention have been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems and by various studies by the present inventors.
- the conductive polymer fiber of the first aspect can be preferably produced by the apparatus and production method of the second aspect.
- the conductive polymer fiber of a 1st aspect can be preferably used for the electrode and apparatus of a 3rd or 4th aspect.
- An object of the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a conductive polymer fiber excellent in conductivity, strength in a dry state and a wet state, and flexibility, and a bioelectrode provided with the conductive polymer fiber.
- a conductive material containing PEDOT-PSS as a conductive polymer can be impregnated or adhered to an insulating fiber (fiber bundle), and electrochemically continuously polymerized and fixed.
- a conductive polymer fiber manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus capable of manufacturing conductive polymer fibers having high biocompatibility, good homogeneity, and excellent conductivity and durability with high productivity. The purpose is to do.
- a third aspect of the present invention provides a biological electrode having stability and reliability at the time of measuring a bioelectric signal and improved in wearing feeling as compared with the conventional one, and a biological signal measuring device provided with the biological electrode. For the purpose.
- an in-vivo implantable electrode that is capable of detecting a weak electrical signal in a living body, has excellent biocompatibility, and is less invasive to living tissue, and the in-vivo implantable electrode.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a biological signal measuring apparatus provided with
- the present invention is an excellent conductive polymer fiber, a method and apparatus for manufacturing a conductive polymer fiber, a biological electrode, a biological signal measuring device, An implantable electrode and a biological signal measurement device are provided.
- the first aspect of the present invention provides the following conductive polymer fibers. I- (1): The conductive polymer fiber according to the first aspect of the present invention is obtained by impregnating and / or adhering a conductor containing a conductive polymer to a base fiber, and the conductive polymer fiber is It is PEDOT-PSS.
- the conductive polymer fiber according to the first aspect of the present invention preferably has the following characteristics.
- the conductor contains glycerol, polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol copolymer, ethylene glycol, sorbitol, sphingosine or phosphatidylcholine as an additive.
- I- (3) In the conductive polymer fiber of I- (1) or (2), the conductor is coated around the base fiber.
- I- (4) The conductive polymer fiber according to any one of I- (1) to (3) is impregnated with the conductor in the base fiber.
- I- (5) The conductive polymer fiber according to any one of I- (1) to (4) is impregnated with the conductor in the base fiber, and a metal around the base fiber. Alternatively, carbon is coated, and the conductor is coated around the coated metal or carbon.
- I- (6) The conductive polymer fiber according to any one of I- (1) to (5), wherein the conductor is in close contact with the base fiber between the base fibers. Are arranged.
- the conductive polymer fiber is further coated with an insulating layer around the conductive polymer fiber.
- the biological electrode of the present invention is characterized in that the conductive polymer fiber according to any one of I- (1) to (7) is provided as an electrode.
- the second aspect of the present invention provides the following conductive polymer fiber production method and apparatus.
- a dipping step of impregnating and / or adhering the conductor to the base fiber by dipping in a solution of a conductor containing ⁇ poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) ⁇ And fixing the conductive material impregnated and / or attached to the base fiber by electrochemical polymerization by running between the electrodes while pulling the base fiber vertically from the solution of the conductive material and energizing. And a drying step of blowing and drying the base fiber on which the conductor is polymerized and fixed. Further, each of the dipping step, the fixing step, and the drying step is adjusted for atmospheric humidity. Damp It is characterized by being carried out.
- the electrode said here includes the structure of a some electrode other than a single (single pole) electrode. It is also preferable that II- (1) of the second aspect has the following characteristics.
- a single electrode not only a single electrode but also a plurality of electrodes are arranged and used for the fixing step. it can.
- a plurality of electrodes are used as the electrodes, and the plurality of electrodes are comb-like electrodes having a plurality of comb teeth provided in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber.
- the comb-like electrode is disposed so as to sandwich the base fiber from both sides in the radial direction of the base fiber, and the plurality of comb teeth are from both sides in the radial direction of the base fiber.
- It is arranged to be alternately combined in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber, and guides the base fiber while pressing the plurality of comb teeth provided on the comb-like electrode from both sides in the radial direction.
- it is good also as a method of making the said base fiber run and supplying with electricity.
- a plurality of electrodes are used as the electrodes, and the plurality of electrodes are the base material.
- a plurality of rotor electrodes are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the fiber, and the rotor electrode is arranged so as to sandwich the base fiber from both sides in the radial direction of the base fiber, and one side in the radial direction of the base fiber.
- the rotor electrode disposed on the other side is made into a pulley shape, and the rotor electrode disposed on both sides of the base fiber is It is alternately arranged in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber, while pressing the roller-like rotor electrode against the base fiber, while guiding in the groove formed in the pulley-like rotor electrode, Duplicate base fiber It is preferred that is run between the electrodes of the energized by.
- the base fiber is pressed against the roller-shaped rotor electrode while the pulley It is more preferable to energize while adjusting the amount of the conductor impregnated and / or attached to the base fiber by adjusting the arrangement shape of the fiber bundle by guiding it in the groove portion of the rotor electrode having a shape.
- the second aspect of the present invention also provides the following conductive polymer fiber production apparatus. II- (5):
- the conductive polymer fiber production apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention uses PEDOT-PSS ⁇ poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) as the conductive polymer. ) ⁇ Is contained inside, and the base material is immersed in the base material solution by dipping an insulating base fiber made of a fiber bundle in the form of a thread, string, cloth or ribbon.
- a dipping container for impregnating and / or adhering the conductor to a fiber for impregnating and / or adhering the conductor to a fiber; a winding part for vertically pulling up the base fiber from the solution of the conductor contained in the dipping container; An electrode that electrochemically polymerizes and fixes the conductor impregnated and / or attached to the base fiber by running the base fiber to be run, and the base fiber on which the conductor is polymerized and fixed Blow toward And a humidity control unit for adjusting the atmospheric humidity in the vicinity of the base fiber.
- the apparatus of the present invention preferably has the following characteristics. II- (6):
- the electrode comprises a plurality of electrodes, and the plurality of electrodes are comb-like electrodes having a plurality of comb teeth provided in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber,
- the electrodes are arranged so as to sandwich the base fiber from both sides in the radial direction of the base fiber, and the plurality of comb teeth are from both sides in the radial direction of the base fiber in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber.
- the substrate fibers are arranged so as to be alternately combined, and the plurality of comb teeth provided in the comb-shaped electrode are guided while being pressed from both sides in the radial direction of the substrate fibers. It is also preferable to adopt a configuration in which power is supplied.
- the electrode includes a plurality of electrodes, and the plurality of electrodes are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber.
- the pulleys are pressed against the plurality of electrodes while pressing the roller-like rotor electrode against the base fiber.
- the configuration is such that energization is performed while adjusting the amount of the conductor impregnating and / or adhering to the base fiber by adjusting the arrangement shape of the fiber bundle by guiding with the groove portion of the rotor electrode in the form of a ring. More preferred.
- the third aspect of the present invention provides the following bioelectrode.
- III- (1) A bioelectrode characterized by using a conductive conjugate fiber containing a conductive polymer.
- the bioelectrode preferably has the following characteristics.
- III- (2) The bioelectrode according to III- (1) above, comprising a string-like, belt-like, or cloth-like contact made of the conductive conjugate fiber.
- the contactor is formed by bundling a plurality of the conductive conjugate fibers, or is formed by winding the conductive conjugate fibers around a metal wire.
- the bioelectrode according to (2) is formed by bundling a plurality of the conductive conjugate fibers, or is formed by winding the conductive conjugate fibers around a metal wire.
- III- (4) The bioelectrode according to any one of III- (1) to (3), wherein the conductive conjugate fiber has adsorptivity or hydrophilicity to the skin.
- III- (5) The biological electrode according to any one of III- (2) to (4), wherein the contact is supported by a bow-shaped or hairpin-shaped frame.
- III- (6) The bioelectrode according to any one of III- (2) to (4), wherein the contact is disposed on a surface of a sheet-like base material.
- III- (7) In III- (6), a stretchable holder is provided on the back surface of the sheet-like base material, and the holder is slidably disposed along the back surface.
- the bioelectrode as described.
- the third aspect of the present invention also provides the following biological signal measuring device.
- III- (8) A biological signal measuring apparatus comprising the biological electrode according to any one of III- (1) to (7).
- the fourth aspect of the present invention provides the following electrodes.
- IV- (1) An implantable electrode comprising a conductive conjugate fiber containing a conductive polymer.
- the implantable electrode of the present invention preferably has the following characteristics.
- IV- (2) The implantable electrode according to IV- (1), wherein the conductive conjugate fiber is formed into a rod shape or a coil shape.
- IV- (3) The implantable electrode according to IV- (1) or (2), wherein the conductive conjugate fiber is bonded to the tip of a needle.
- IV- (4) The implantable electrode according to IV- (3), wherein the conductive conjugate fiber is bonded to the needle through a water-soluble adhesive material. .
- IV- (5) The implantable electrode according to any one of IV- (1) to (4), wherein the conductive conjugate fiber is in a dry contraction state.
- IV- (6) The body according to any one of the above IV- (1) to (5), wherein a metal, silicon or carbon wire is connected to the conductive conjugate fiber. It is a buried electrode.
- IV- (7) One end of the coated core portion, wherein the conductive composite fiber formed into a rod shape or string shape is used as a core portion, and at least part of the periphery is covered with a water-resistant polymer.
- IV- (8) The implantable electrode according to IV- (7), wherein the flow path contains a solution containing a drug.
- IV- (9) A biological signal measuring device provided with the implantable electrode according to any one of IV- (1) to (8).
- the conductive composite fibers described in IV- (1) to (8) contain one or more of glycerol, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, squalane, silicone, mineral oil, or MPC (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine). You may let them. By containing these, the speed at which the conductive composite fiber absorbs moisture in the living tissue can be slowed down, and the swelling speed of the conductive composite fiber can be slowed down. As a result, it is possible to prevent the conductive conjugate fiber from swelling and reducing its mechanical strength during the operation of embedding the conductive conjugate fiber in the living tissue.
- the conductive composite fiber described in IV- (7) may be connected to a reservoir or chamber capable of containing a drug solution at the one end.
- a drug solution for example, glycerol, sorbitol, mannitol, fructose, NGF (Nerve Growth Factor), BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor), SKF96365, Cilostazol, Gadolinium, NT3 (Neurotrophin-3), GSNO (S-Nitrosoglutathione), magnesium (Magnesium), TRIM (1- (2-Trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole), EGTA (ethylene glycol) tetraacetic acid) or Ruthenium Red containing one or more drugs to allow the solution to penetrate from the one end to the other end of the coated conductive composite fiber.
- One or more kinds of the drugs may be impregnated or coated on the conductive conjugate fiber described in any one of the above IV- (1) to (8). Also in this case, the drug is gradually released from the conductive conjugate fiber placed in the living tissue, and the drug can be locally administered around the conductive conjugate fiber.
- Thread may be connected to the conductive conjugate fiber described in IV- (1), (2), (5), (6) or (7). Furthermore, a surgical needle may be tied to the thread. By introducing the thread into the living body in advance and pulling the thread, the thread connected to the thread can be smoothly introduced into the living tissue.
- the first aspect of the present invention it is possible to provide a conductive polymer fiber excellent in conductivity, strength in a dry state and wet state, and flexibility, and a bioelectrode provided with the same.
- the conductive polymer fiber described in I- (1) of the present invention the high strength and flexibility of the base fiber and the conductivity and hydrophilicity of the conductive polymer PEDOT-PSS are obtained.
- Combined fibers can be obtained.
- the additive suppresses the water absorption of PEDOT-PSS and prevents the strength from being lowered due to the wet state, so that the conductive polymer fiber is a higher strength fiber. It becomes.
- the conductor covers the periphery of the base fiber, so that the conductivity of the conductive polymer fiber is further increased, and a plurality of conductive polymer fibers are brought into contact to conduct. It is easier to do.
- the configuration of I- (4) since the conductor is impregnated in the base fiber, there is no fear that the conductor and the base fiber are separated, and the fiber has excellent long-term reliability.
- the configuration of I- (5) since the metal or carbon is disposed between the conductive polymer fibers and the surrounding conductors, the fibers have higher conductivity. Further, since the metal or carbon is not exposed on the fiber surface, corrosion or deterioration of the metal or carbon is prevented.
- the conductor since the conductor covers the periphery of the base fiber, the conductivity of the conductive polymer fiber is further increased, and a plurality of conductive polymer fibers are brought into contact with each other to conduct. It is easier to do.
- the configuration of I- (7) since the conductive polymer fiber is protected by the insulating layer, the fiber has excellent durability.
- the biological electrode of I- (8) of the present invention since it has conductive polymer fibers that are excellent in conductivity, strength in a dry state and in a wet state, and further excellent in flexibility, There is a high degree of freedom in the location where it is installed in the body, it is excellent in workability during installation work, electrical measurements can be performed sufficiently, and measurements over a relatively long period of time are possible.
- the second aspect of the present invention According to the second aspect of the present invention, according to the method for producing a conductive polymer fiber of the present invention, as described above, the base fiber impregnated and / or attached with the conductor containing PEDOT-PSS is used. A method is adopted in which electricity is applied by running between one or a plurality of electrodes while pulling up vertically from the conductor solution. Accordingly, the process of electrochemically fixing the conductor to the base fiber can be continuously performed in a single step, so that productivity is improved.
- the conductor to be polymerized and fixed to the base fiber can be evenly dispersed and uneven distribution can be prevented. Accordingly, it is possible to produce a conductive polymer fiber having high biocompatibility, good homogeneity, and excellent conductivity and durability with high productivity.
- the base fiber impregnated and / or attached with the conductor containing PEDOT-PSS is perpendicular to the conductor solution in the immersion container.
- the structure is provided with a winding part that is pulled up to one side and one or a plurality of electrodes that are energized while running the base fiber.
- a conductive polymer fiber having high biocompatibility, good homogeneity, and excellent conductivity and durability can be obtained with high productivity. More specifically, the following effects can be obtained. According to II- (1) to (8) of the second aspect, the following effects can be obtained.
- the substrate fiber impregnated and / or attached with the conductor containing PEDOT-PSS is pulled up from the conductor solution while vertically pulling the gap between the electrodes.
- the conductor is electrochemically fixed to the base fiber by polymerization.
- the conductor to be polymerized and fixed to the base fiber can be evenly dispersed and uneven distribution can be prevented.
- a conductive polymer fiber excellent in the above can be obtained.
- the process of electrochemically fixing the conductor to the base fiber can be continuously performed in a single step, so that productivity is improved.
- the comb-like electrode having a plurality of comb teeth provided in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber is used, and the plurality of comb teeth are formed from the both sides in the radial direction of the base fiber from the longitudinal direction of the base fiber. Since the base fibers are arranged so as to be alternately combined with each other in the direction, the base material fibers are repeatedly brought into contact with a plurality of comb teeth to be energized, thereby increasing the polymerization fixing efficiency of the conductor to the base fibers. Can do.
- the substrate fiber impregnated and / or attached with the conductor containing PEDOT-PSS is pulled up vertically from the conductor solution in the immersion container. Since the structure includes an electrode that is energized while running the base fiber, the conductor is electrochemically polymerized and fixed to the base fiber. Furthermore, according to this configuration, by providing an electrode that is energized while pulling up the base fiber vertically, the conductor to be polymerized and fixed to the base fiber can be evenly dispersed and uneven distribution can be prevented. It is possible to produce a conductive polymer fiber excellent in the above.
- the conductive polymer fiber manufacturing apparatus of the present invention not only a configuration using a single electrode but also a configuration in which a plurality of electrodes are arranged can be adopted.
- the electrochemical polymerization and fixing of the conductor to the base fiber can be continuously performed in one stage, so that the productivity is improved.
- comb-like electrodes are provided as a plurality of electrodes, and the plurality of comb teeth are alternately combined in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber from both sides in the radial direction of the base fiber. Since the base fiber is repeatedly brought into contact with a plurality of comb teeth and energized, the polymerization fixing efficiency of the conductor to the base fiber can be increased.
- the plurality of electrodes are a roller-like rotor electrode arranged on one side in the radial direction of the base fiber, and a pulley-like rotor arranged on the other side Since the roller-shaped rotor electrode is pressed against the base fiber and guided by the groove formed on the pulley-like rotor electrode, the base fiber is placed between each of the plurality of electrodes. By running and energizing, friction due to contact between the base fiber and the electrode is reduced, and the conductor fixed to the base fiber can be prevented from peeling off.
- the body surface-mounted bioelectrode according to the third aspect of the present invention includes a composite fiber obtained by combining a conductive polymer and a flexible fiber material. For this reason, the installation property with respect to the surface of the living body is improved as compared with the conventional case, and the electrode can be downsized and the contact area with the skin can be reduced.
- the bioelectrode of the present invention is made of a flexible fiber material, there is little irritation to the skin during wearing, and it is difficult to cause discomfort during wearing.
- the composite fiber constituting the bioelectrode of the present invention has an appropriate adsorptivity to the skin, there is no need to seal the skin and the electrode with a highly adhesive gel or tape or the like unlike conventional bioelectrodes. . That is, according to the bioelectrode of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the burden on the subject (wearer) and provide a comfortable wearing feeling. More specifically, the following effects can be obtained.
- the bioelectrode and apparatus of the third aspect can provide the following effects.
- the bioelectrode of III- (1) uses conductive composite fibers having conductivity, flexibility and excellent tensile strength, so that it is more uncomfortable and more comfortable to wear than conventional bioelectrodes.
- the electrode resistance per unit area is small, precise biological signal transmission is possible, and further suitable for miniaturization and weight reduction.
- III- (2) since the shape of the contact is suitable for contact with the skin or the surface of the living body, more accurate biological signal transmission is possible. In addition, discomfort and damage to the wearer are further reduced.
- III- (3) when the biological electrode includes the contact having the above-described configuration, the structural strength of the contact and the biological electrode can be increased, and the electrode resistance can be further reduced.
- the biological electrode can be installed on the skin surface or the biological surface independently, and noise is reduced. Therefore, it is possible to more easily transmit a highly accurate biological signal. Moreover, according to the said bioelectrode, it can install, without using the paste or gel which has the adhesiveness and electroconductivity which were required for the installation on the skin surface of the conventional bioelectrode.
- the biological electrode of III- (5) the biological electrode can be inserted between the hairs and the electrode surface can be brought into contact with the scalp.
- the contact can be brought into stable contact with the skin surface or biological surface of a large area.
- the bioelectrode of III- (7) the contact placed on the surface of the sheet-like substrate can be pressed against the skin surface due to the stretchability of the holder, so that the contact can be stably installed. Can do.
- the holder moves independently of the sheet-like base material while the holder slides on the back side of the sheet-like base material, and the relative position between the holder and the skin surface can be changed. It becomes.
- examples of the biological signal measurement device include an electrocardiogram measurement device, a heart rate monitor, and an electroencephalogram measurement device.
- the biological electrode may have not only a function of receiving a signal from a biological surface but also a function of transmitting an electrical signal (electric stimulation).
- the sheet-like substrate described in III- (6) and (7) and the sheet-like substrate that the biological electrode constituting the biological signal measuring device of III- (8) may have have an opening It is preferable that the portion is provided. By providing the opening, the air permeability between the sheet-like base material and the skin is improved, and it is possible to reduce the moisture of the skin.
- the fourth aspect of the present invention since the conductive conjugate fiber constituting the electrode is flexible and excellent in biocompatibility, invasiveness to the implanted living tissue can be reduced.
- the conductive polymer contained in the conductive conjugate fiber can detect weak electrical signals in the living body, highly accurate signal transmission / reception can be performed between the external device and the electrode embedding unit.
- the mechanical strength is enhanced by the fiber material constituting the conductive conjugate fiber, the electrode is not damaged by an external force during implantation in the body, and the durability after implantation in the body is excellent.
- the implantable electrode provided in the biological signal measuring device of the present invention has low invasiveness to living tissue, the measuring device in which high-accuracy signal transmission / reception is installed outside without impairing the functions inherent to the living tissue Between the electrode embedded portion and the electrode embedded portion. More specifically, the following effects can be obtained.
- the electrode and apparatus of the fourth aspect the following effects can be obtained.
- the conductive composite fiber constituting the electrode is excellent in flexibility and biocompatibility, the invasiveness to the implanted living tissue can be reduced.
- the conductive polymer contained in the conductive conjugate fiber can transmit a weak electrical signal in the living body, highly accurate signal transmission / reception can be performed between the external device and the electrode embedding unit.
- the mechanical strength is enhanced by the fiber material constituting the conductive conjugate fiber, the electrode is not damaged by an external force during implantation in the body, and the durability after implantation in the body is excellent.
- the conductive composite fiber formed into a rod shape can be inserted like a needle at the time of implantation in the body, so that invasiveness to living tissue can be further reduced.
- the conductive composite fiber formed into a coil shape hardly causes positional displacement in the embedded biological tissue, and transmits and receives high-accuracy signals between the external device and the electrode embedding unit. be able to.
- the needle with the conductive conjugate fiber bonded to the tip can be easily inserted with low invasiveness by a simple operation of inserting the needle into the living tissue.
- the conductive conjugate fiber can be installed inside.
- the needle that is unnecessary for signal transmission / reception is easily removed with low invasiveness.
- Installation of the conductive conjugate fiber can be completed.
- the adhesive material dissolves by absorbing moisture such as a body fluid, and adhesion between the needle and the conductive conjugate fiber is facilitated. Can be released. After the adhesion is released, the needle can be removed outside the living body, and the conductive conjugate fiber can be retained in the living tissue.
- the conductive fibers in the dry-shrinked state are flexible, but their mechanical strength is relatively high, so that the conductive fibers are not suitable when placed (inserted) in living tissue. It can be prevented from being broken (broken).
- the physical volume of the dried and contracted conductive fibers is relatively small, invasiveness when placed (inserted) in a living tissue can be reduced.
- the conductive conjugate fiber embedded in the living tissue and the external device can be electrically connected by the electric wire.
- one end of the core is connected to a chamber in which a drug solution or the like is stored, or a chamber having a tube connector, and the other end of the core is connected to a predetermined position in the living tissue.
- the drug solution or the like permeates (penetrates) the conductive conjugate fiber constituting the core part, and the drug solution can be transported into the living tissue where the other end part is located.
- the drug can be administered to the site where the electrode is embedded through the flow path.
- the drug is preferably a drug having a pharmacological action for suppressing or promoting a biological reaction.
- examples of the drug include a drug that reduces damage to living tissue, a drug that promotes repair of living tissue, and a drug that grows living tissue.
- IV- (9) since the implantable electrode has low invasiveness to the living tissue, without sacrificing the function inherent to the living tissue, between the measurement device installed outside and the electrode implantation portion, Signals can be transmitted and received with high accuracy.
- the base fiber described in the present invention includes, for example, those obtained by twisting a plurality of base fibers into a twisted yarn having a desired thickness in addition to the single-filament fiber.
- the shape of the base fiber in the present invention is not limited to the above-described yarn shape, and includes, for example, a string shape, a cloth shape, a ribbon shape, and the like.
- Example 2-2 it is a photograph figure which shows the conductive polymer fiber obtained by supplying with electricity using a comb-tooth shaped electrode. It is a figure explaining the Example of the manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus of the conductive polymer fiber of this invention, and obtained in Example 2-1 by carrying out the electrochemical polymerization fixation using the method and apparatus of this invention. It is a photograph figure which shows the state after the water resistance test of the obtained electroconductive polymer fiber.
- FIG. 7 is a photographic diagram showing a state after a water resistance test of a conductive polymer fiber obtained by conventional chemical fixation in Comparative Example 2-2.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a comb-shaped electrode according to the first embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention, and shows a comb-shaped bioelectrode 310 showing a contact 311 fixed to a bow-shaped first frame 312 like a string. It is a side view. 2 is a perspective view of the biological electrode 310.
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the biological electrode 310 is inserted into the gap of the hair H and fixed at a position in contact with the scalp S. 4 is a photograph showing a region where the bioelectrode 310 is in contact with skin.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the bioelectrode 320.
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the hairpin-shaped bioelectrode 320 sandwiches the hair H at a position close to the scalp S and the contact 21 is in contact with the scalp S.
- the upper row is a photograph showing the upper surface of the hairpin-shaped bioelectrode 320, and the lower row is a photograph showing the lower surface in contact with the skin.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a state where a comb-shaped biological electrode 310 is inserted between hairs and a stretchable net-shaped holder N is placed thereon to hold the biological electrode 310.
- FIG. 10 is a top view showing an example in which a biological electrode 310 is installed on an elastic net N according to the international 10-20 method. It is a graph which shows the human brain wave (C3CC4 50 ⁇ V 400 msec / div) measured with a hairpin type electroencephalogram electrode. It is a graph which shows the human auditory brainstem response (0.2 microvolts, 1 ms / div
- FIG. 3 is a side view showing a state in which the electrocardiogram electrode 330 is installed on the skin surface S.
- FIG. An example of the side view and front view (skin contact surface, ie, surface) of an electrode pad is shown.
- the other example of the side view and front view (skin contact surface, ie, surface) of the said electrode pad is shown.
- 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of electrode pads 338 and holders 335 with respect to the trunk B.
- FIG. It is a front view of the trunk B.
- Example 3-3 it is a graph which shows the recording waveform of the electrocardiogram measured using the bioelectrode 1 concerning this invention, and the conventional bioelectrode 2 and 3, and a scale bar represents 50 mV for 1 second. It is a graph which shows the result of having measured the water
- FIG. 29A It is a side view of 1st embodiment of the implantable electrode of the 4th aspect of this invention. It is the side view which showed a mode that the electroconductive composite fiber bundle shown by FIG. 29A swells by water absorption. It is the side view which showed a mode that the needle
- FIG. 5 shows an immunostained image of glial cells (astrocytes) of rat cerebral cortex with an anti-GFAP antibody, and shows the position (dotted line) where the electrode of the fourth embodiment of the present invention is embedded and the surrounding state.
- the first aspect of the first aspect of the present invention relates to a conductive polymer fiber and a bioelectrode. More specifically, the present invention relates to a conductive polymer fiber in which a conductive polymer is impregnated or attached to a base fiber, and a bioelectrode provided with the conductive polymer fiber.
- FIG. 1 is formed on a base fiber 11 with PEDOT-PSS ⁇ poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly ( It is a fiber coated with a conductor 12 containing styrenesulfonic acid) ⁇ .
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction of the conductive polymer fiber 10
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. Since the conductive polymer fiber 10 has the base fiber 11 as a core and the conductor 12 is coated on the periphery thereof, the contact area between the two is large and the composite fiber is sufficiently bonded to each other. .
- the conductor 12 is reinforced by the base fiber 11, the strength can be increased as compared with a fiber made of only the conductor 12. In particular, the strength in a dry state and a wet state is excellent. Further, the flexibility of the base fiber 11 that is the core is imparted to the conductive polymer fiber 10.
- the type of the base fiber 11 is not particularly limited as long as it is made of a polymer.
- synthetic fiber, vegetable fiber, animal fiber, etc. are used. Although it may consist of a single material, it may be a mixture.
- the synthetic fiber include nylon, polyester, acrylic, aramid, polyurethane, and carbon fiber.
- the vegetable fiber include cotton, hemp and jute.
- the animal fibers include silk, wool, collagen, and elastic fibers constituting animal tissues.
- the base fiber is also preferably silk alone. It is also preferable that it is a mixture as needed. In the case of a silk mixture, the content of silk may be 0.1% or more and less than 100%, 1% or more and 95% or less, or 3% or more and 90% or less. % Or more and 80% or less, 30% or more and 70% or less, or 40% or more and 60% or less. It is also preferable to mix with another material according to the purpose.
- Silk which contains a protein called fibroin, is a fiber with excellent hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and dyeability, as used in clothing and surgical threads. It is the fiber that has long been used by centuries. One. For this reason, it is suitably used as the base fiber 11.
- the silk fiber used for the base fiber 11 may be either an unprocessed raw silk from which sericin, which is a glue component, has not been removed, or a kneaded yarn from which part or all of sericin has been removed. From the viewpoint of increasing the adhesion to the conductor 12 and the fiber strength, a kneaded yarn is more preferable.
- the diameter (thickness) of the base fiber 11 is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the application. For example, ranges such as 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, 1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, 1 ⁇ m to 0.5 mm, etc. are also examples of diameters. When used for clothing, bioelectrodes, biointerfaces, etc., the diameter is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, for example.
- the length of the base fiber 11 is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the application.
- it can be 10 ⁇ m to 10 cm as an electrode for implantation in a living tissue, 1 mm to 50 cm when used for a biointerface on the body surface, and 1 cm to 100 m as a fiber material for weaving or weaving into clothing. . It is not limited to this, You may select as needed.
- the base fiber 11 (41) is not particularly limited and can be selected as necessary. For example, you may use what twisted together several base fiber, and made the twisted thread of desired thickness (refer the example shown in FIG. 6), and the blended yarn which mixed the different types of base fiber.
- the shape of the base fiber is not limited to the thread shape as described above. For example, a base fiber such as a string shape, a cloth shape, or a ribbon shape may be used.
- a material subjected to plasma treatment, pore treatment, or chemical coating may be used for the purpose of improving the hydrophilicity of the base fiber 11.
- the conductor 12 includes a conductive polymer (conductive polymer), and may include only a conductive polymer, or may include other additives.
- the conductive polymer used in the present invention is PEDOT-PSS ⁇ poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) ⁇ which is excellent in conductivity and hydrophilicity.
- PEDOT-PSS is a conductive polymer that can be obtained by polymerizing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, a monomer, in the presence of poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid). PSS functions as a dopant that imparts a negative charge to PEDOT.
- the conductive polymer preferably contains a dopant from the viewpoint of enhancing the conductivity of the conductive polymer fiber.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that the adhesiveness between PEDOT-PSS and fibers containing a protein such as silk is particularly excellent, and the adhesive surfaces of both are not easily peeled off. Based on this knowledge, in the present invention, it is more preferable to use silk fiber as the base fiber 11 and PEDOT-PSS as the conductive polymer contained in the conductor 12.
- conductive polymers that can be used include polyaniline sulfonic acid and polypyrrole. 1 type may be sufficient as the conductive polymer contained in the conductor 12, and it may use it in combination of 2 or more type.
- the molecular weight of the conductive polymer used in the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, those in the range of thousands to hundreds of thousands can be used. You may select arbitrarily as needed.
- the polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) may be in the range of 1000 to 900,000, in the range of 3000 to 450,000, or in the range of 5000 to 50000. However, it is not limited to this range.
- a conductive polymer such as PEDOT-PSS and a solvent containing a diluting solvent are coated on the base fiber 11, and the solvent is dried, so that the conductive material composed only of the conductive polymer is formed.
- a method for forming the body 12 can be exemplified.
- the conductor 12 may contain additives other than the conductive polymer.
- additives examples include glycerol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol copolymer, ethylene glycol, sphingosine, phosphatidylcholine, and the like.
- One type of additive contained in the conductor 12 may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the additive in the above example is used to adjust the wetting characteristics of conductive polymer fibers such as PEDOT-PSS and to provide flexibility, so that it can be used together with a living tissue (skin or tissue) when used as a living body electrode. It can be used for the purpose of improving affinity.
- Specific examples of the adjustment of the wettability include adjustment of water absorption and prevention of excessive expansion / contraction during wetting / drying.
- PEDOT-PSS it is preferable to use a combination of PEDOT-PSS and the additive because the wetting characteristics of the conductor 12 can be easily adjusted, and in particular, it is easier to prevent excessive expansion and contraction.
- the reason for this is considered that PEDOT-PSS having high water absorption is previously contained together with an additive, thereby reducing the room for moisture to enter later.
- glycerol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol copolymer are particularly preferable as additives used for the purpose of adjusting the wettability of PEDOT-PSS and further imparting flexibility.
- the conductive polymer fiber 10 having the conductor 12 containing the additive and PEDOT-PSS does not cause excessive water absorption even when used in a high humidity environment, has high fiber strength, and is conductive. It will be excellent. In addition, because it also has excellent flexibility, PEDOT-PSS's stiff feel (rigidity) is alleviated, and because it has excellent contact and affinity with living tissue, it can measure biological signals with less noise Can be configured.
- the additive contained in the conductor 12 is not limited to the above example, and for example, a known organic solvent such as a surfactant, alcohol, natural polysaccharide, sugar alcohol, acrylic resin, dimethyl sulfoxide, or the like can also be used. .
- surfactant examples include known cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. These surfactants may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- Examples of the cationic surfactant include quaternary alkyl ammonium salts and halogenated alkyl pyridiniums.
- Examples of the anionic surfactant include alkyl sulfates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, and fatty acid salts.
- Examples of the nonionic surfactant include polyoxyethylene and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether.
- alcohol a wide variety of known monohydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols can be used. These alcohols may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- Examples of the monohydric alcohol include methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and butanol.
- the carbon skeleton constituting these alcohols may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- Examples of the polyhydric alcohol include glycols such as ethylene glycol, chain polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, cyclic polyhydric alcohols such as glucose and sucrose, polymer polymers such as polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol, and polyethylene glycol polypropylene glycol copolymers. And monohydric alcohol.
- Examples of natural polysaccharides include chitosan, chitin, glucose, and aminoglycan.
- sugar alcohol include sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol and the like.
- Examples of the acrylic resin include polyacrylic acid, polymethyl methacrylate, and polymethyl methacrylate resin.
- the thickness h of the conductor 12 coated around the base fiber 11 is not particularly limited and can be arbitrarily selected. Any thickness may be used as long as the effect of the present application is obtained.
- the thickness may be 0.001 to 2 times the diameter L of the base fiber 11.
- the thickness h can be selected as necessary.
- the thickness h may be 0.01 to 1 times the diameter L of the base fiber 11, or 0.001 to 0.1 times the thickness.
- the thickness may be 1 to 2 times, or may be 0.1 to 1 times the thickness.
- the thickness is set to 0.01 to 10 microns. Good.
- the diameter of a fiber etc. can be measured by arbitrary methods, it can also confirm with an electron micrograph etc., for example.
- the base fiber may not be completely covered with the conductor.
- the thickness may be a length in which a line from the center of the base fiber toward the surface is covered by the conductor.
- the conductivity of the conductive polymer fiber 10 is further increased, and it is easier to bring the plurality of conductive polymer fibers 10 into contact with each other for conduction. .
- it can be set as the fiber which has the more excellent electroconductivity, without impairing the softness
- aqueous solution containing a conductive polymer for example, a commercially available PEDOT-PSS solution (Heraeus: CLEVIOS P)
- CLEVIOS P PEDOT-PSS solution
- a part of the water contained in the solution is removed by drying.
- an organic solvent such as acetone, methanol, ethanol, or a fixing solution such as a magnesium chloride solution is applied to gel a conductive polymer such as PEDOT-PSS.
- a conductive polymer such as PEDOT-PSS
- the method which fixes the conductor 12 containing conductive polymers, such as PEDOT-PSS, to the surface of the base fiber 11 can be illustrated.
- An example of the aqueous solution is an aqueous solution containing a conductive polymer such as PEDOT-PSS at a concentration of 0.1 to 50 (v / v)%. This concentration can be selected as required. For example, the concentration may be 1 to 30%, 30 to 50%, or 0.5 to 15%.
- the said additive can be contained in the said aqueous solution as needed.
- the aqueous solution containing the conductive polymer any solution containing PEDOT-PSS can be used in addition to the CLEVIOS P mentioned as an example.
- ⁇ Method of containing additive> As a method for adding the additive to the conductor 12, the conductor 12 coated on the base fiber 11 by the preparation method 1a is dried, and then the obtained conductive polymer fiber 10 is used on the surface thereof. Examples thereof include a method of applying the additive, and a method of removing the excess additive solution remaining on the surface after the conductive polymer fiber 10 is immersed in a solution containing the additive for a predetermined time. As another method, the conductive polymer and the additive are mixed together by using a mixed solution in which the additive is mixed in the solution containing the conductive polymer to be coated on the surface of the base fiber 11. A method of applying or dipping can also be applied.
- a conductive polymer such as PEDOT-PSS is contained at a concentration of 0.1 to 50 (v / v)%, and an additive such as glycerol is contained at a concentration of 0.1 to 50 (v / v)%.
- the concentration of the additive in the conductor 12 in the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 0.1 to 50 wt%. This concentration can be selected as necessary, and may be, for example, 0.1 to 20 wt%, 20 to 50 wt%, or 0.1 to 5 wt%.
- a conductive polymer fiber 20 (second embodiment) of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 is a fiber in which a base fiber 21 is impregnated with a conductor 22 containing a conductive polymer.
- 2 is a cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction of the conductive polymer fiber 20
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. Since the conductor 22 is soaked inside the base fiber 21, it is a composite fiber in which both are integrated. With this configuration, there is no possibility that the conductor 22 will fall off the base fiber 21. In addition, since the conductor 22 is reinforced by the base fiber 21, the strength can be increased as compared with a fiber made of only the conductor 22.
- the conductor may be filled in the entire internal space of the base fiber, but there may be an unfilled space. Moreover, although it is preferable that the conductor has reached the inner center of the base fiber, there may be a portion that has not reached if necessary.
- the material constituting the base fiber 21 and the conductor 22 can be the material constituting the base fiber 11 and the conductor 12 described in the first embodiment. As in the first embodiment, the conductor 22 preferably contains the additive. *
- ⁇ Method of making conductive polymer fiber (1b)> As a method of immersing the conductor 22 in the base fiber 21 like the conductive polymer fiber 20 shown in FIG. 2, an aqueous solution containing the conductive polymer (for example, the base fiber 21 in the solution bath (for example, After immersing the base fiber 21 in a commercially available PEDOT-PSS solution (Heraeus CLEVIOS P) for a predetermined time, a part of the water contained in the solution is removed by drying, and then acetone, methanol, ethanol, etc.
- PEDOT-PSS solution Heraeus CLEVIOS P
- a method of fixing the conductor 22 containing PEDOT-PSS on the surface of the base fiber 21 by applying a fixing solution such as an organic solvent or a magnesium chloride solution and gelling PEDOT-PSS (hereinafter referred to as Preparation Method 1b)
- a fixing solution such as an organic solvent or a magnesium chloride solution and gelling PEDOT-PSS
- the said additive can be contained in the said aqueous solution as needed.
- a method for accelerating the penetration of the solution containing the conductive polymer into the base fiber 21 a method of adjusting the pH of the solution and immersing, a mechanical property such as tension or compression on the base fiber 21 during the immersing.
- examples thereof include a method of applying an operation, a method of heating the solution during immersion, and a method of performing a treatment such as decompression and pressurization during immersion.
- the pH of the solution is preferably adjusted to 1-6.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the conductive polymer fiber 30.
- metal or carbon is referred to as metals.
- the third embodiment has the advantages of the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above. Further, the coated metal 33 itself contributes to improving the conductivity of the conductive polymer fiber 30. Since the metals 33 are sandwiched between the conductors 32 and 34, the metals 33 are not exposed on the fiber surface. For this reason, corrosion and deterioration of the metals 33 are prevented. If necessary, a part of the metal 33 may be exposed on the fiber surface.
- the material constituting the base fiber 31 and the conductors 32 and 34 may be the material constituting the base fiber and the conductor described in the first and second embodiments. Moreover, it is preferable to contain the said additive in the conductors 32 and 34 similarly to 1st embodiment and 2nd embodiment. Note that the material constituting the conductor 32 and the material constituting the conductor 34 may be the same or different.
- metals 33 The kind in particular of metals 33 is not restrict
- As said carbon what contains a carbon atom as a main raw material is preferable, For example, the carbon material containing carbon black, glassy carbon, a graphene, a carbon nanotube, fullerene etc. is mentioned. The carbon content in these carbon materials is preferably 80 to 100% by mass, more preferably 90 to 100% by mass, and still more preferably 95 to 100% by mass.
- the metals 33 one kind of metal may be used alone, or two or more kinds of metals may be used in combination.
- the thickness of the metal 33 (metal layer or carbon layer) coated around the base fiber 31 is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately changed according to the type of metal. For example, the range of 0.1 nm to 1 mm can also be mentioned. For example, when gold is used, the thickness can be set to 1 nm to 2 ⁇ m.
- the metal layer 33 can be formed by a known film forming method such as a sputtering method or an electroless plating method.
- the carbon layer can be formed by a known film formation method such as carbon deposition.
- ⁇ Method of making conductive polymer fiber (2a)> The following method can be illustrated as a method for producing the conductive polymer fiber 30.
- the metal 33 is coated on the conductive polymer fiber 20 obtained by the production method 1b by a known film forming method.
- the fibers obtained here are immersed in an aqueous solution containing a conductive polymer (for example, a commercially available PEDOT-PSS solution (Heraeus CLEVIOS P)), and this metal 33 is used as an electrode, and a direct current of +0.5 V to 20 V is used.
- a voltage By applying a voltage, the conductive polymer fiber 30 in which a conductive polymer such as PEDOT-PSS is electrochemically fixed to the surface of the metal 33 can be produced.
- this method may be referred to as a creation method 2a.
- a method of forming a metal layer around the conductive polymer fiber 20 is illustrated, but a metal layer is formed on a simple base fiber, and the conductive polymer is electrically applied around the metal layer. You may employ
- the conductive polymer fiber 30 having further excellent conductivity can be obtained.
- the amount of ethylenedioxythiophene can be selected arbitrarily. For example, a 0.1 w / v% ethylenedioxythiophene solution (Heraeus CLEVIOS ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ M V2) or the like may be added to the solution.
- a method of fixing the conductive polymer electrochemically without forming the metal 33 can also be exemplified. That is, the conductive polymer fiber 20 obtained by the production method 1b is already conductive. Using this conductivity, the conductive polymer fiber 20 as obtained in the production method 1b is added to a solution containing a conductive polymer (for example, a commercially available PEDOT-PSS solution (Heraeus CLEVIOS P)), Among these, a conductive polymer in which a conductive polymer such as PEDOT-PSS is electrochemically fixed on the surface around the conductive polymer fiber 20 by applying a DC voltage of + 0.5V to 20V. Can create fiber.
- this method may be referred to as a creation method 2b.
- the said additive can be contained in the said aqueous solution as needed.
- the metal 33 is replaced with the conductor 34 except for the metal 33 from the conductive polymer fiber 30 shown in FIG. .
- the conductive polymer fiber 40 (fourth embodiment) of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 has a conductor 42 containing a conductive polymer disposed between a plurality of base fiber 41 in close contact with the base fiber 41. It has been made.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the conductive polymer fiber 40.
- the number of substrate fibers can be arbitrarily selected and is an integer of 2 or more. For example, it may be a number such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. A number included in the range of 1 to 1000 or a number included in the range of 1 to 30 may be used.
- the conductive polymer fiber 40 may have a higher-order structure such as a twisted string, a woven fabric, or a non-woven fabric by twisting or knitting a plurality of base fiber 41.
- a conductor 42 including PEDOT-PSS which is a conductive polymer, is disposed in close contact with the base fiber 41 between the base fibers 41.
- the conductive polymer fiber 40 can be configured as a higher-order structure such as a twisted string, a woven fabric, or a non-woven fabric. Since the conductor 42 plays a role of bonding the plurality of base fiber 41 to each other, the strength of the higher order structure can be increased.
- the conductors 42 can be disposed in a relatively large amount between the plurality of substrate fibers 41, the conductive polymer fibers are more excellent in conductivity.
- the quantity compared here is the quantity of the conductor distribute
- the method for producing the conductive polymer fiber 40 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method in which the higher order structure is immersed in a solution containing the conductive polymer and dried.
- the fiber interval between the plurality of substrate fibers 41 can be arbitrarily selected.
- the fiber spacing between the base fibers 41 may be about 0.01 to 3 times the diameter of the base fibers.
- the diameter can be set to 0.01 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the conductor 42 can be sufficiently disposed between the fibers.
- the material constituting the base fiber 41 and the conductor 42 can be the material constituting the base fiber and the conductor described in the first embodiment. As in the first embodiment, the conductor 42 preferably contains the additive. *
- the conductive polymer fiber 50 (fifth embodiment) of the present invention shown in FIG. 7 includes a conductive polymer between a plurality of substrate fibers 51 impregnated with a conductor 52 containing a conductive polymer.
- the conductor 54 containing is arranged in close contact with the base fiber 51.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the conductive polymer fiber 50.
- the configuration of the fifth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the fourth embodiment except that the conductor 52 is impregnated inside the base fiber 51. In the present embodiment, the conductivity is further improved by the conductor 52.
- the material constituting the conductor 52 and the material constituting the conductor 54 may be the same or different.
- the creation methods of the first to fourth embodiments described above can be applied.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the conductive polymer fiber 60. Since the base fiber 61 and the conductor 62 are protected by the insulating layer 63, the fiber is excellent in durability. If necessary, a configuration in which a part of the insulating layer 63 is removed and a part of the conductor 62 is exposed on the fiber surface may be employed.
- the material of the insulating layer 63 As the material of the insulating layer 63, a known insulating material can be applied. From the viewpoint of biocompatibility and flexibility, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and silicone resin (silicone rubber) are preferable.
- the thickness of the insulating layer 63 is not particularly limited. It can be arbitrarily selected, and can be in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 3 mm, 0.1 ⁇ m to 2 mm, 1 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and the like.
- the base fiber 61 and the conductor 62 can be covered with the insulating layer 63 by a known resin coating method.
- the conductive polymer fiber according to the present invention has sufficient strength, conductivity and flexibility even under high humidity use conditions, it is suitably used for clothing as well as bioelectrodes and biointerfaces.
- By forming a thread or string by bundling a plurality of conductive polymer fibers according to the present invention sufficient conductivity can be obtained for measurement of a biological signal.
- PEDOT-PSS which is a conductive polymer, is disposed on the fiber, electrical conduction can be obtained immediately when the fiber comes into contact with the object to be measured.
- a bioelectrode is produced using the conductive polymer fiber according to the present invention as an electrode, a cloth, a belt, a strap, or the like is obtained by tying, knitting, sewing, or bundling the yarn bundled with the fiber. It is possible to provide bioelectrodes of various shapes. Furthermore, a patch-like (cloth-like) bioelectrode can also be created by bonding this conductive polymer fiber and forming it into a nonwoven fabric or the like.
- the second aspect of the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a conductive polymer fiber, and more particularly, a conductive high fiber that impregnates or adheres a conductive material containing a conductive polymer to an insulating fiber (fiber bundle).
- the present invention relates to a molecular fiber manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus.
- FIGS. 13 to 18 are schematic views showing an apparatus for producing conductive polymer fibers described in the present embodiment.
- 1, 3, 6, and the like are schematic views illustrating an example of a conductive polymer fiber obtained by the manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus of the present embodiment.
- the manufacturing method and the manufacturing apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention can preferably form the conductive polymer fiber described in the first aspect.
- the preferred conditions mentioned in the first embodiment can also be used here.
- the conductive polymer fiber described in FIGS. 1, 3, and 6 can be easily formed.
- the base fiber 11 is immersed in the solution of the conductor 12 so that the base fiber 11 has the conductor. 12 is impregnated and / or deposited.
- the solution of the conductor 12 includes a diluent solvent in addition to the conductive polymer PEDOT-PSS, and may further contain additives other than the conductive polymer as necessary.
- a conductive polymer fiber manufacturing apparatus (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as a manufacturing apparatus) 210 shown in FIG. 13 includes an immersion container 205.
- the immersion container 205 contains a conductive solution 204 containing PEDOT-PSS ⁇ poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonic acid) ⁇ as a conductive polymer, and is in the form of a thread or string.
- Insulating base material fibers 211 made of cloth or ribbon-like fiber bundles are immersed in the conductor solution 204 to cause the base material fibers 211 to be electrically conductive (see also the conductor 212 shown in FIGS.
- the manufacturing apparatus 210 energizes the base fiber 211 while running the winding portion 209 for vertically pulling up the base fiber 211 from the conductive solution 204 accommodated in the immersion container 205 and the base fiber 211 that is pulled up vertically.
- a plurality of electrodes 202 and 203 for electrochemically fixing the conductor 212 impregnated and / or attached to the base fiber 211 is provided.
- the manufacturing apparatus 210 demonstrated by this embodiment is the drying part 208 for making it dry by blowing toward the base fiber 211 with which the conductor 212 was superposed
- the immersion container 205 is a container in which the conductive solution 204 containing PEDOT-PSS as the conductive polymer as described above is accommodated, and a conventionally known one can be used. Further, a bobbin 206 is accommodated in the immersion container 205 so as to be immersed in the conductor solution 204. An insulating base fiber 211 made of a bundle of yarns, strings, cloths, or ribbons wound around a thread winding 206 is immersed in the conductor solution 204, so that the conductor 212 is put on the base fiber 211. Is impregnated and / or deposited.
- a conventionally known thread winding 206 can also be used.
- a roll bobbin shape or the like is used, and a configuration in which the base fiber 211 can be wound by being rotatable by a motor or the like is used.
- the bobbin 204 is wound with the base fiber 211 before the process of impregnating and / or adhering the conductor 212 is performed, and the base fiber 211 after the process is wound by a winding unit 209 described below. That is, as the conductive polymer fiber 201 is wound, the base fiber 211 wound around the thread winding 204 is unwound.
- the shape of the bobbin 204 is not limited to the above-described roll bobbin. For example, when a cloth-like or string-like base fiber is used, a winding shaft suitable for the form may be used.
- the winding unit 209 is configured to wind up the base fiber 211 by winding the base fiber 211 in the vertical direction at a constant speed from the conductive solution 204 accommodated in the immersion container 205. Also in this case, like the above-described thread winding 204, a rotatable one having a roll bobbin shape or the like can be used. Further, the winding unit 209 adjusts the amount of the conductor 212 that is electrochemically polymerized and fixed to the base fiber 211 by adjusting the traveling speed of the base fiber 211 as will be described in detail later. It is configured to be able to.
- the amount of the conductor 212 impregnated and / or attached to the base fiber 211 becomes constant by pulling the base fiber 211 vertically from the conductor solution 204 by the winding unit 209. Electrochemical polymerization fixation by energization becomes uniform.
- the manufacturing apparatus 210 is energized while running the base fiber 211 that is vertically pulled up by the winding unit 209, and the conductor 212 impregnated and / or attached to the base fiber 211 is electrically connected.
- a plurality of electrodes 202 and 203 which are chemically polymerized and fixed are alternately provided.
- the plurality of electrodes 202 and 203 are provided in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber 211 and are disposed on both sides of the base fiber 211 in the transverse diameter direction so that the base fiber is formed by the plurality of electrodes 202 and 203. It is comprised so that 211 may be inserted
- a constant current or a constant voltage is applied to the plurality of electrodes 202 and 203 from a direct current stabilized power supply (not shown).
- the plurality of electrodes 202 and 203 may not be arranged vertically. It is preferable that a distance is provided without contact between the electrodes, but the distance is arbitrarily selected. Further, the number of electrodes can be arbitrarily selected, and one or more combinations of the anode and the negative electrode are sufficient. For example, the range may be 1 to 10 in this range, 2 to 8 in range, or 3 to 5 in range.
- the plurality of electrodes 202 are anodes and the plurality of electrodes 203 are negative electrodes. Accordingly, in FIG. 13, while the base fiber 211 impregnated and / or attached with the conductor 212 travels in the vertical direction, “positive electrode (+)” to “negative electrode ( ⁇ )” to “positive electrode (+)”. ”To“ Negative electrode ( ⁇ ) ”. In this way, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are added alternately.
- the plurality of electrodes 202 and 203 are made of, for example, a conductive metal material or carbon material, and energize in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber 211 while contacting the base fiber 211 that runs vertically. In this way, when the traveling base fiber 211 is energized between the electrodes, the PEDOT-PSS contained in the conductor 212 impregnated and / or attached to the base fiber 211 is polymerized and electrochemically fixed by polymerization. Is done.
- a plurality of electrodes 202 and 203 known electrodes having various shapes conventionally used in the field of electrodes, for example, a metal bar or a metal plate having a smooth surface can be used without any limitation. it can.
- a comb-like electrode having a plurality of comb teeth electrodes
- the efficiency of electrochemical polymerization and fixing of the conductor 212 to the base fiber 211 can be further increased.
- FIG. 14 shows an enlarged view of a main part of an example in which the plurality of electrodes (reference numerals 202 and 203) shown in FIG. 13 are composed of comb-like electrodes 221 and 231 having a plurality of comb teeth.
- the number of comb teeth may be arbitrarily selected.
- the comb-like electrodes 221 and 231 shown in FIG. 14 have a plurality of comb teeth 221 a and 231 a provided in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber 211, and the base fiber 11 from both sides in the radial direction of the base fiber 211.
- the comb-like electrodes 221 and 231 cause the base fiber 211 to travel in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 14 while guiding the plurality of comb teeth 221a and 231a from both sides in the radial direction of the base fiber 211.
- a constant current or a constant voltage is supplied to the comb-like electrodes 221 and 231 by connecting a DC stabilized power supply (not shown) to the terminals 221b and 231b.
- the comb-like electrodes 221 and 231 are formed by alternately arranging the anode (the comb teeth 221a) and the cathode (the comb teeth 231a) along the traveling direction of the base fiber 211. By contacting 211, the substrate fiber 211 can be repeatedly energized in a short time to polymerize and immobilize PEDOT-PSS.
- the base fiber 211 is caused to travel in the vertical direction so that the conductor 212 to be fixed is evenly distributed inside and outside the fiber bundle made of the base fiber 211 to prevent uneven distribution.
- comb-like electrodes 221 and 231 are used as a plurality of electrodes, and comb teeth (anode) 221a and comb teeth (cathode) 231a are alternately and continuously arranged, so that substrate fibers (fiber bundles) 211 are arranged.
- the polymerization fixing of the conductor 12 can be performed a plurality of times in one run.
- each of the plurality of comb teeth (electrodes) 221a and 231a is connected in parallel, so that the applied voltage can be set low.
- the applied voltage to each electrode is set high, problems such as water electrolysis and polymer heating are likely to occur, so the applied voltage is set as low as possible within the range where polymerization fixation is possible. It is preferable to do.
- the comb-like electrodes 221 and 231 having the above-described configuration are also used. Is preferably used.
- the voltage applied to the comb-like electrodes 221 and 231 can be arbitrarily selected. For example, it can be in the range of 0.1 to 18 (V).
- the configuration using the comb-like electrodes 221 and 231 that are multipolar electrodes including a plurality of comb teeth 221a and 231a is usually PEDOT-PSS (conductor 212) already polymerized electrochemically. Utilizes the property that, after polymerization, no decomposition occurs even when a reverse current is passed. For this reason, in the process in which the base fiber 211 travels through the comb-like electrodes 221 and 231, the polymerization fixation is performed when approaching the anode (+ electrode), and the comb-like electrode 221 is made into a multipolar electrode. The electrochemical polymerization is repeated by traveling between the two, and the conductor 212 containing PEDOT-PSS is stacked on the substrate fiber 211.
- PEDOT-PSS conductor 212
- the size of the comb-shaped electrodes 221 and 231 is not particularly limited, but the inter-comb distance (inter-electrode distance) of the plurality of comb teeth 221a (231a) is preferably in the range of 1 to 50 mm. From the viewpoint of the fixed processing efficiency, it is preferably about 10 mm.
- the plurality of electrodes (reference numerals 202 and 203) shown in FIG. 13 are not limited to the comb-like electrodes 221 and 231 as described above.
- a plurality of electrodes are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber 211 as shown in FIGS. 15A to 15C in detail, and the base fiber from both sides in the radial direction of the base fiber 211.
- the rotor electrode 232 disposed on one side in the radial direction of the base fiber 211 is in a roller shape, and the rotor electrode 222 disposed on the other side is in a pulley shape. It is said that.
- These rotor electrodes 222 and 232 are alternately arranged in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber 211.
- the roller-like rotor electrode 232 is pressed against the base fiber 211 and formed on the pulley-like rotor electrode 222. While guiding with the groove 222b, the substrate fiber 211 is energized by running between the plurality of electrodes 222, 232.
- the roller-like rotor electrode 232 is a cathode ( ⁇ ) in this embodiment, and is configured by assembling the roller 232a to the metal shaft portion 232c. Since the metal shaft portion 232c is connected to the ( ⁇ ) side of a DC stabilized power supply (not shown), a metal material having conductivity is used as the metal shaft portion 232c.
- a metal small roller made of a stainless steel material and incorporating a ball bearing for rotation is used as the roller 232a.
- the roller-like rotor electrode 232 comes in contact with the outer peripheral surface 232b of the base fiber 211 that runs in the vertical direction.
- the size of the roller 232a can be selected as necessary, but in consideration of the traveling speed of the base fiber 211, for example, a roller having a diameter of about 6 mm and a width of about 3 mm can be used.
- the pulley-like rotor electrode 222 is an anode (+) in this embodiment, and a pulley 222a having a groove 222b formed on its outer peripheral surface is assembled to the metal shaft portion 222c. Composed. Since the (+) side of a DC stabilized power supply (not shown) is connected to the metal shaft portion 222c, the metal shaft portion 222c has conductivity as in the case of the roller-like rotor electrode 232. The metal material which has is used. Further, as the pulley 222a, for example, a small metal pulley made of a stainless steel material and incorporating a ball bearing for rotation is used.
- the pulley-like rotor electrode 222 is guided by contact with the base fiber 211 that travels in the vertical direction in the groove portion 222b formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof.
- the size of the pulley 222a can be selected as necessary as in the case of the roller-like rotor electrode 232, but considering the traveling speed of the base fiber 11, etc., for example, the diameter is about 8 mm, Those having a width of about 4 mm can be used.
- the pulley-like rotor electrode 222 and the roller-like rotor electrode 232 are alternately arranged along the vertical traveling direction of the base fiber 211, that is, the anode ( (+) And cathode ( ⁇ ) are alternately arranged (see also reference numerals 202 and 203 in FIGS. 15A to 15C).
- the base fiber (fiber bundle) 211 impregnated and / or attached with the conductor 212 is a metal-made pulley-like rotor electrode (anode) that is fixed to the metal shaft portions 222c and 232c, respectively, and contains a bearing. 222 and the roller-like rotor electrode (cathode) 32 are contacted.
- a DC stabilized power supply not shown
- the conductor 212 containing PEDOT-PSS is electrochemically polymerized and fixed to the base fiber 211.
- the amount of electricity necessary for polymerization fixation of the conductor 212 including PEDOT-PSS can be arbitrarily selected.
- the diameter of the base fiber is about 280 ⁇ m.
- silk yarn No. 9: silk yarn: manufactured by Fujix Co., Ltd.
- it is 0.1 to 6 mC per 10 mm, and particularly good polymerization fixation is possible at about 3 mC.
- the rotor electrodes 222 and 232 as described above rotate together with the traveling base fiber 211. Accordingly, the friction caused by the contact is reduced, so that the conductor 212 containing PEDOT-PSS electrochemically fixed to the base fiber 211 can be prevented from being peeled off by friction. That is, it is possible to avoid the polymer surface destruction in the conductive polymer fiber 201.
- the roller-shaped rotor electrode 232 is pressed against the base fiber 211 while being guided by the groove portion 222b of the pulley-shaped rotor electrode 222, so that the yarn-shaped fiber bundle is Arrange the array shape. Accordingly, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which energization can be performed while adjusting the amount of the conductor 212 impregnated and / or attached to the base fiber 211.
- the shape and arrangement of the pulley-like rotor electrode 222 and the roller-like rotor electrode 232, and the tension, traveling speed, and rotation state of the base fiber (fiber bundle) 201 are adjusted. Thereby, the opening of a base fiber (fiber bundle), a focusing function, a fiber space
- the set shape of the fiber bundle for example, whether the fiber bundle is twisted, the cross-sectional shape of the fiber bundle (flat, perfect circle, ellipse, quadrangle, etc.), the rotation of the fiber bundle (untwisted, the fiber bundle Various shapes such as straightening or further twisting may be mentioned, and the shape may be set while appropriately selecting and adjusting.
- the composite fiber bundle of the conductive polymer fiber 201 set (molded) in a predetermined shape is obtained by performing the shape setting of the fiber bundle as described above. In the case of forming such a composite fiber bundle, as in the example shown in FIG.
- a conductor 212 (including a PEDOT-PSS that is a conductive polymer) is interposed between a plurality of base fibers 211 (41). 42) is arranged in close contact with the base fiber 211 (41), and a plurality of base fibers 211 (41) are twisted or knitted to form a higher-order structure such as a twisted string, a woven fabric, or a non-woven fabric. What should I do?
- the manufacturing apparatus 210 of the present embodiment further includes a drying unit 208 that blows air toward the base fiber 211 on which the conductor 212 is polymerized and fixed, and the base fiber 211.
- a chamber (including a humidity control unit) 207 for adjusting the atmospheric humidity in the vicinity can be provided.
- the chamber 207 has a humidity control function (humidity control unit), and keeps the concentration of the conductor 212 (PEDOT-PSS concentration) constant by keeping the humidity in the cabinet at a high humidity.
- a humidity control function humidity control unit
- PEDOT-PSS concentration concentration of the conductor 212
- a constant temperature and humidity chamber that has been conventionally used in this field and has a size that can accommodate the plurality of electrodes 202 and 203 can be used without any limitation. it can.
- the drying unit 208 blows low-humidity dry air toward the base fiber 211 (conductive polymer fiber 201) on which the conductor 212 is polymerized and fixed to dry.
- a conventionally known air drying means composed of a motor and a fan can be used without any limitation.
- the PEDOT-PSS solution (conductor) impregnated in the base fiber (fiber bundle) 211 is further expanded by adjusting the humidity in the vicinity of the plurality of electrodes 202 and 203. 212) can be adjusted. Further, when the chamber is composed of three chambers and each humidity is adjusted independently, the following settings (A) to (C) can be made.
- (B) Multiple electrodes Adjusting the moisture content of the conductor solution containing PEDOT-PSS impregnated in the fiber by setting the humidity setting to a range from 99% to 10%, for example, from a high humidity to a low humidity.
- a container-like disinfecting and cleaning unit that fixes and sterilizes residual monomers using, for example, an ethanol or acetone bath. It may be provided. Further, the disinfecting and cleaning unit may be provided with a configuration capable of removing residual monomers with a cleaning bath such as physiological saline.
- the electrodes used in the present invention are not limited to a plurality of electrodes as shown in FIGS. 13 to 15.
- a manufacturing apparatus 250 including 253 may be used.
- the manufacturing apparatus 250 includes an immersion container 255 in which the PEDOT-PSS solution 204 is accommodated.
- the base fiber 211 is polymerized by traveling between the electrodes while pulling up the base fiber 211 vertically. Since the conductor 212 to be fixed can be evenly dispersed and uneven distribution can be prevented, the conductive polymer fiber 201 having excellent conductivity and durability can be manufactured.
- the method for producing the conductive polymer fiber 201 described in the present embodiment includes the following steps (1) to (3) shown below, and further includes the steps (1) to (3). This is performed while adjusting the atmospheric humidity.
- the base fiber 211 is impregnated with the conductor 212 by immersing the insulating base fiber 211 made of a thread-like fiber bundle in a conductive solution containing PEDOT-PSS as a conductive polymer. Or the dipping process to attach.
- the substrate fiber 211 is immersed in a solution of a conductor containing PEDOT-PSS as a conductive polymer, so that the conductor 212 is impregnated and / or attached to the substrate fiber 211.
- a conductive solution containing PEDOT-PSS which is a conductive polymer, is accommodated in a dipping container 205 as shown in FIG. 13, and base fiber (fiber bundle) 211 is immersed in this solution. .
- the conductor 212 having conductivity is impregnated and / or adhered to the base fiber 211, the base fiber 211 has conductivity.
- an additive or the like is further added to a commercially available PEDOT-PSS solution (Heraeus: CLEVIOS P, etc.) as necessary.
- a method in which a mixed solution in which an additive is mixed in a conductive solution containing PEDOT-PSS is prepared, and the conductive polymer and the additive are simultaneously applied to or immersed in the base fiber 211 can also be applied.
- Such a mixed solution can be arbitrarily selected.
- a conductive polymer such as PEDOT-PSS
- an additive such as glycerol
- the concentration of the additive in the conductor solution is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, in the range of 0.1 to 50 wt%.
- the substrate fiber 211 is energized by running between the plurality of electrodes 202 and 203 while pulling up the base fiber 211 vertically from the solution.
- the conductor 212 impregnated and / or attached to the base fiber 211 is electrochemically polymerized and fixed.
- the base fiber (fiber bundle) 211 impregnated and / or attached with the conductor 212 is pulled up from the solution and run by the winding unit 209 as shown in FIG.
- the conductor 212 is evenly distributed and impregnated and / or attached to the base fiber 211 without being decentered by gravity.
- energization is performed using a plurality of electrodes 202 and 203 as shown in FIG. 13 while being in contact with each other so as to be sandwiched from both sides in the radial direction of the base fiber 211.
- the base fiber (fiber bundle) 211 impregnated and / or attached with the conductor 212 containing PEDOT-PSS is brought into contact with the electrodes 202 and 203 to flow an electric current, whereby PEDOT- attached to the inside and outside of the fiber bundle.
- the conductor 212 containing PSS is electrochemically polymerized and immobilized, and the conductive polymer fiber 201 which is a composite fiber of the conductor 212 containing PEDOT-PSS and the base fiber (fiber bundle) 211 is obtained.
- the comb-like electrodes 221 and 231 having the plurality of comb teeth 221a and 231a shown in FIG. 14 as described above can be used as the plurality of electrodes.
- the comb-like electrodes 221 and 231 are arranged so as to sandwich the base fiber 211 from both sides in the radial direction of the base fiber 211, and the plurality of comb teeth 221 a and 231 a have a diameter of the base fiber 211. From both sides in the direction, the base fibers 211 are arranged so as to be alternately combined in the longitudinal direction.
- the base fiber 211 is vertically arranged It is possible to adopt a method of running and energizing.
- a plurality of electrodes are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber 211 as shown in FIGS. 15A to 15C, and the base fiber 211 is disposed from both sides in the radial direction of the base fiber 211. It is also possible to use the rotor electrodes 222 and 232 arranged so as to be sandwiched. That is, the roller-shaped rotor electrode 232 disposed on one side in the radial direction of the base fiber 211 and the pulley-shaped rotor electrode 222 disposed on the other side are used on both sides of the base fiber 211.
- the arranged rotor electrodes 222 and 232 are alternately arranged in the longitudinal direction of the base fiber 211.
- a plurality of substrate fibers 211 are guided while pressing the roller-like rotor electrode 232 against the substrate fiber (fiber bundle) 211 and guiding with the groove portion 222b formed in the pulley-like rotor electrode 222. It is possible to adopt a method of running between each electrode and energizing.
- the base fiber 211 is guided by the groove 222b of the pulley-like rotor electrode 222 while being pressed by the roller-like rotor electrode 232.
- the conductive polymer fiber 201 is dried by blowing low-humidity dry air toward the base fiber 211 to which the conductor 212 is polymerized and fixed, that is, the conductive polymer fiber 201. Let me.
- a humidity adjusting unit (not shown) and Dry air is blown using a drying unit 208 including a blowing means.
- water (solvent) contained in the solution of the conductor 212 containing PEDOT-PSS is dried and removed.
- unpolymerized PEDOT-PSS and the solvent are removed by washing the conductive polymer fiber 201 with an electrolyte solution made of, for example, physiological saline. Is preferred. Furthermore, in this embodiment, it is preferable that the conductive polymer fiber 201 is washed and disinfected using an ethanol solution and then dried.
- a conductive polymer fiber is used by using a manufacturing apparatus 250 including single electrode 252 and 253 as shown in FIG. It is also possible to manufacture 201.
- the base fiber 11 impregnated and / or attached with the conductor 212 containing PEDOT-PSS is electrically conductive.
- a method is adopted in which electricity is applied by running between the plurality of electrodes 202 and 203 while pulling up vertically from the body solution.
- productivity is improved.
- the conductor 212 to be polymerized and fixed to the base fiber 211 can be evenly dispersed and uneven distribution can be prevented. Therefore, the conductive polymer fiber 201 having high biocompatibility, good homogeneity, and excellent conductivity and durability can be produced with high productivity.
- the base fiber 211 impregnated and / or attached with the conductor 212 containing PEDOT-PSS is perpendicular to the conductor solution in the immersion container 5.
- a configuration including a winding unit 209 that pulls up and a plurality of electrodes 202 and 203 that are energized while running the base fiber 211 is adopted.
- the process of electrochemically fixing the conductor 212 to the base fiber 211 can be performed continuously in a single step, and the productivity can be improved.
- the conductor 212 to be polymerized and fixed to the base fiber 211 can be evenly dispersed and uneven distribution can be prevented. Therefore, the conductive polymer fiber 201 having high biocompatibility, good homogeneity, and excellent conductivity and durability can be obtained with high productivity.
- a third aspect of the present invention relates to a biological electrode and a biological signal measuring device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a body surface-mounted bioelectrode using a composite material of conductive polymer and fiber (hereinafter referred to as “conductive composite fiber”), and a biosignal measurement device including the bioelectrode.
- conductive composite fiber a composite material of conductive polymer and fiber
- the fibers described in the first embodiment of the present invention can be preferably used.
- the bioelectrode of the first embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention described below utilizes the conductivity of the conductive polymer, the electrode can be downsized and the contact area with the skin can be reduced. is there. Furthermore, the present electrode made of a flexible fiber material is less irritating to the skin at the time of wearing, and hardly causes discomfort during wearing. Moreover, it is not necessary to seal the skin with a highly adhesive gel, tape, or the like unlike a conventional bioelectrode.
- the bioelectrode according to the first embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention is excellent in a feeling of wearing, can be used continuously, and has no sense of incongruity in appearance at the time of wearing.
- the bioelectrode of the first embodiment includes a string-like contact formed by a conductive conjugate fiber.
- An electroencephalogram can be measured by bringing the contact into close contact with the scalp from the gap of the hair (see FIGS. 19A to 19D and FIGS. 20A to 20D).
- the biological electrode 310 shown in FIGS. 19A to 19D includes at least a string-like contactor 311, a first frame 312 and a second frame 313 (connecting portion) made of conductive composite fibers. Both ends of the contact 311 are fastened to both ends of the arch-shaped first frame 312. The shape of the flexible contact 311 is adjusted by the first frame. Tension may be applied to the contact 311 by the first frame 312. The second frame 313 horizontally mounted on the plurality of first frames 312 functions as a beam for fixing the first frames 312. In addition, the end of each contact 311 is connected to a signal cable 314. An electrical signal is transmitted and received between each contact 311 and an electroencephalogram analysis device (not shown) connected to the tip of the signal cable 314. The direction of the electric signal may be only one direction or may be bidirectional.
- the shape of the contact 311 is not particularly limited as long as it can be brought into contact with the scalp S, and may be any shape such as a string, a thread, a band, a cloth, or a net. Moreover, the magnitude
- the shape, number, and size of the first frame 312 and the second frame 313 are not particularly limited.
- tensile_strength to the contact 311 or the shape which can be fixed so that the contact 311 may not loosen is employable.
- frame 313 will not be restrict
- Examples of the number of the first frames 312 include a range of 1 to 20, a range of 2 to 8, a range of 2 to 4, and the like.
- Examples of the number of the second frames 313 include a range of 1 to 6, a range of 1 to 3, a range of 1 to 2, and the like.
- the shape of the first frame 312 and the second frame 313 may be, for example, a partial loop shape or a plate shape. The thickness is preferably constant, but may be partially different.
- one second frame 313 is arranged at right angles to the four first frames 312. A plurality of the second frames 313 may be positioned, or may be disposed obliquely as necessary. Further, at least one of the first frame 312 and the second frame 313 may be made of metal as long as there is no problem in electroencephalogram measurement (signal measurement).
- the signal cable 314 is connected to the first frame 312 or the second frame 313 without being connected to the contact 311, and the contact 311
- the transmission / reception of the electrical signal may be performed via the first frame 312 or the second frame 313.
- connection method between the conductive conjugate fiber constituting the contact 311 and the signal cable 314 is not particularly limited as long as it is an electrically connectable method.
- any of caulking using a metal, winding or ligating of a conductive composite fiber around the signal cable 314, or adhesion using a conductive adhesive can be applied.
- one to a plurality of string-like contacts 311 can be used per one electrode.
- FIGS. 19A to 19D by using the first frame 312 and the second frame 313 to form the comb-shaped bioelectrode 310, stable contact between the contact 311 and the skin can be obtained.
- a plurality of string-like contacts 311 are arranged in parallel.
- a comb-shaped bioelectrode 310 in which a plurality of contacts 311 are arranged in parallel can be inserted so as to pass the comb between the hairs or the hairline, and can be fixed by covering the comb with a net-like holder ( 22A-22B).
- FIG. 20A to 20D show a hairpin-shaped bioelectrode 320 in which two contacts 321 are fixed to a hairpin-shaped hair clip (metal leaf spring) as a configuration of a further miniaturized bioelectrode.
- the hairpin-shaped bioelectrode 320 can be used by being inserted near the base of the hair. Hairpin shaped hair clips can grip the hair.
- two contacts 321 are fixed on the scalp S.
- the hairpin-shaped bioelectrode 320 shown in FIGS. 20A to 20D includes at least a string-like contactor 321, a third frame 322, and a fourth frame 323 made of conductive composite fibers. Both ends of the contact 321 are fastened between two cylindrical third frames 322. The tension applied to the contact 321 can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the two third frames 322. The two third frames 322 are respectively fixed to the distal end portion and the bent portion of the fourth frame 324 using a hairpin. In the example shown in FIGS. 20A to 20D, the hairpin is provided with two string-like contacts 321. In addition, the end of each contact 321 is connected to a signal cable 324. An electrical signal is transmitted and received between each contact 321 and an electroencephalogram analysis device (not shown) connected to the tip of the signal cable 324. The direction of the electric signal may be only one direction or may be bidirectional.
- the shape of the contact 321 is not particularly limited as long as it can be brought into contact with the scalp S, and may be any shape such as a string, a thread, a band, a cloth, or a net. Further, the size and length of the contact 321 are appropriately adjusted.
- the shape of the third frame 322 is not particularly limited, and for example, a columnar shape, a triangular column shape, a polygonal column shape such as a quadrangular column shape, or a spherical shape can be adopted.
- the fourth frame 323 since the fourth frame 323 has a hairpin structure and functions as a hairpin, the fourth frame 323 can be fixed to the hair H.
- the contact 321 can be easily brought into contact with the skin (scalp) S and can be fixed at a desired position.
- the material constituting the third frame 322 and the fourth frame 323 is not particularly limited as long as it does not disturb the electric signal in the contact 321.
- a conventionally known resin material can be used.
- at least one of the third frame 322 and the fourth frame 323 may be made of metal as long as there is no problem in electroencephalogram measurement (signal measurement).
- the third frame 322 may be made of an insulating resin, and the hair pin that is the fourth frame 323 may be made of metal. If there is no problem in the electroencephalogram measurement, the contact 321 may be electrically connected to the metal fourth frame 323.
- One to a plurality of string-like contacts 321 can be used per electrode. As illustrated in FIGS. 20A to 20D, by using the third frame 322 and the fourth frame 323 to form the hairpin 320 electrode, stable contact between the contact 321 and the skin can be obtained. In the hairpin electrode 320 shown in FIGS. 20A to 20D, a plurality of string-like contacts 321 are arranged in parallel. A hairpin electrode 320 in which a plurality of contacts 321 are arranged in parallel can be fixed so that the hair is fastened with a hairpin.
- the conductive conjugate fiber constituting the string-like contact 321 may be the same as the contact 311 described above.
- a conjugate fiber of a conductive polymer and a conventionally known fiber material can be applied.
- the composite form (method) is not particularly limited.
- the conductive polymer may be coated on the surface of the fiber material in a string form (thread form), or the conductive polymer may be formed in a string form.
- a form impregnated in the fiber material may be used, or a string-like conductive polymer and a string-like fiber material may be twisted or spun together.
- the materials and conductive polymer fibers described in the first aspect can be preferably used, and the apparatus and method described in the second aspect may be used.
- the kind of the conductive polymer is not particularly limited, and a known conductive polymer can be applied.
- a known conductive polymer can be applied.
- PEDOT-PSS Including hydrophilic conductive polymers such as poly (4- (2,3-dihydrothieno [3,4-b] [1,4] dioxin-2yl-methoxy-1-butanesulfonic acid, potassium salt)
- hydrophilic conductive polymers such as poly (4- (2,3-dihydrothieno [3,4-b] [1,4] dioxin-2yl-methoxy-1-butanesulfonic acid, potassium salt
- the fiber material for example, conventionally known fiber materials such as silk, cotton, hemp, rayon, and chemical fiber are applicable. Of these, silk is preferred. When silk is used, the strength and hydrophilicity of the composite fiber can be further improved. Moreover, when silk is used, the feeling of wearing when touching the skin is more excellent.
- the type of the conductive polymer to be combined with silk is not particularly limited, but the hydrophilic conductive polymer such as PEDOT-PSS or PEDOT-S described above is preferable.
- a conductive polymer fiber described in detail later can be applied as the conductive conjugate fiber constituting the contact of each embodiment of the present invention.
- the first structure of the string-like contactor is a structure using the conductive composite fiber bundle alone.
- An example of the first structure is a contact 311 shown in FIGS. 19A to 19D. Since the contact 311 is produced by knitting a thread (string) in which a plurality of conductive conjugate fibers are bundled, it has an appropriate thickness and strength. Since the 1st structure comprised only with an electroconductive composite fiber is flexible, it is suitable for the use for which a bioelectrode requires a softness
- the conductive conjugate fiber is preferably in the form of a thread or string.
- the second structure of the string-like contactor is a structure in which the conductive composite fiber bundle is combined with a metal cable or a metal thin wire.
- Examples of the second structure include the structures schematically shown in FIGS. 21A and 21B.
- the contact 321 in FIG. 20 has the structure shown in FIG. 21B. Since the conductivity of the second structure is enhanced by a metal cable or a fine metal wire, the second structure is suitable for applications that require a reduction in electrode resistance per contact area of the bioelectrode.
- a thin metal wire 321f is wound around a bundle of a plurality of core members 321g, and a conductive conjugate fiber 321e is wound thereon.
- the material constituting the core material 321g may be conductive or insulative.
- the core material 311 is a core made of insulating fibers. The number and thickness of the core material 311 are appropriately adjusted. In the drawing, the number of turns of the fine metal wire and the number of turns of the conductive conjugate fiber 321e are shown to be approximately the same, but the relative relationship of the number of turns is not limited thereto. For example, the number of turns of the fine metal wire 321f may be smaller than the number of turns of the conductive conjugate fiber. Moreover, a part of the string-like contact may be covered with an insulating cover 321z as necessary. Examples of the insulating cover include a cover made of silicone resin.
- conductive composite fibers 321a are wound so as to bundle a bundle of a plurality of metal cables 321b.
- the type of metal constituting the metal cable is not particularly limited, and a highly conductive copper wire is suitable.
- the metal cable 321b is a copper wire.
- the number and thickness of the metal cables 321b are not particularly limited and can be adjusted as appropriate. Rather than using a small number of thick metal cables, the use of a large number of thin metal cables or metal thin wires may improve flexibility even with the same diameter.
- a part of the string-like contact may be covered with an insulating cover 321c as necessary. Examples of the insulating cover include a cover made of silicone resin.
- FIG. 21C is a photograph of the string-like contact 321 having the structure of FIG. 21B.
- the electrical connection between the contact 311 and the metal (conductive) signal cable 314 is 1 at the end of the contact 311.
- electrical connection between the contact 321 and the signal cable 324 is made in the entire contact 321 in the second structure. Therefore, in the second structure, since the distance between the skin and the metal cable is shorter than in the first structure, the electrode resistance is lowered.
- the thickness of the contact is not particularly limited, but it is preferably a thickness that provides a structural strength that is difficult to break upon contact with the skin. For example, when the thickness is 0.1 mm to 5 mm, a structural strength that is difficult to break can be easily obtained.
- the second structure having a metal wire tends to be stronger in structural strength than the first structure. Examples of other ranges of thickness include a thickness of 0.1 mm to 3 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm to 1 mm.
- the bioelectrode of the first embodiment is installed independently without using the electrode installation paste or adhesive. It is possible. However, when an external force such as a test subject's motion or signal cable tension is applied, the bioelectrode may be detached (peeled) from the skin surface. In order to prevent this, means for pressing the bioelectrode against the skin surface can be employed. Examples of the means include a net-like holder (cap) N as shown in FIG. 22A.
- the biological electrode of the first embodiment of the third aspect for example, the comb-shaped electrode 310 shown in FIG. 22A can be fixed by covering the cap N of the elastic net shown in FIG. 22A from above.
- the net N can be used as a holder that holds the comb electrode 310 lightly from above and holds it stably. Since the comb-shaped electrode 310 is inserted into the gap of the hair, it is difficult to lift. Therefore, the comb-shaped electrode 310 does not need to be strongly pressed and fixed with a head cap or the like as in the conventional electrode, and stable fixing can be obtained by using a cover such as a low-tensile stretchable net.
- FIG. 22A shows a mounting view of the comb-shaped electrode 310 and the cap of the stretchable net N.
- FIG. 22B shows an example (top view) in which a comb-shaped electrode 310 is arranged on a stretchable grid-like net N.
- ⁇ represents a nose and two ellipses represent left and right ears, respectively.
- the positions indicated by diagonal lines represent the places where the comb electrodes 310 are arranged. In this configuration, by adjusting the distance between the strings of the elastic net N, the installation site of the bioelectrode 310 can be adjusted to the international 10-20 method.
- Electrodes for Holter electrocardiogram examination and bioelectrodes for monitoring heart rate or myoelectric potential have been widely used.
- the electrode for the Holter electrocardiogram examination is often used in a state of being fixed to the skin using a highly adhesive tape or adhesive pad. Generation of noise is prevented by fixing the bioelectrode to the skin.
- a monitor electrode which is often used continuously for a long time, to the skin, a conductive gel adhesive pad is often used.
- the measurement data obtained by these electrodes is less likely to contain artifacts such as noise, and the measurement waveform is excellent in stability.
- the influence on the frequency characteristics and the problem of suffocation due to the use of the metal electrode plate are not limited to the electrocardiogram measurement, but also include the above-mentioned electroencephalogram measurement, between the living body and the electrode between the living body and the electrode. This is a problem to be solved when transmitting stimuli. Attempts to improve these problems have been made in the past, but have not been sufficiently improved.
- a conventional bioelectrode for EEG measurement in order to reduce the influence of the electrolyte paste on the frequency characteristics, measurement is performed by directly placing a small electrode made of sintered metal on the skin without using the electrolyte paste. Attempts have been made.
- this method causes a problem in the stability of the measured waveform. That is, in the method in which the metal electrode is directly placed on the skin, the resistance between the skin electrodes is likely to fluctuate due to the mechanical compliance between the metal electrode and the skin and the electrochemical mismatch. Furthermore, the measurement signal is likely to be unstable due to vibrations such as body movement and respiration of a living body, and noise is often mixed into the measurement signal.
- a hard metal electrode has a problem to be solved, for example, when it is in direct contact with the skin, it tends to cause a sense of discomfort or discomfort.
- the textile electrode is a cloth-like bioelectrode in which conductive fibers are incorporated, and is used by being pressed and fixed to the skin using a stretchable band or the like.
- an electrolyte paste is not used, and a pasteless type in which the electrode is in direct contact with the skin or used in a state where moisture is included in the cloth constituting the electrode is the mainstream.
- a relatively good biological signal can be obtained when the contact state with the skin is stably maintained.
- the bioelectrode of the second embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention described below utilizes the conductivity of the conductive polymer in the same manner as the bioelectrode of the first embodiment, the size of the electrode is reduced. In addition, the contact area with the skin can be reduced. Furthermore, the present electrode made of a flexible fiber material is less irritating to the skin at the time of wearing, and hardly causes discomfort during wearing. Moreover, it is not necessary to seal the skin with a highly adhesive gel, tape, or the like unlike a conventional bioelectrode.
- the bioelectrode of the second embodiment of the present invention is excellent in wearing feeling, can be used continuously, and does not feel uncomfortable in appearance when worn, so that it is preferably used in, for example, medical or sports textiles.
- FIGS. 24A-24B A bioelectrode 330 of the second embodiment is shown in FIGS. 24A-24B.
- a contact portion (electrode surface) 332 in which a plurality of string-like contacts 331 made of conductive conjugate fibers are arranged in a plane, and a sheet-like substrate 333 that supports the contact portion 332, Is provided.
- a configuration in which the contact portion 332 and the substrate 333 are combined is referred to as an electrode pad.
- a signal cable 334 electrically connected to each contact 331 is provided.
- a holder 335 made of a stretchable material is provided as a means for pressing the contact portion 332 of the electrode pad against the skin S.
- the shape of the planar contact portion 332 and the substrate 333 in which a plurality of contacts 331 formed of a conductive conjugate fiber bundle are arranged is particularly limited as long as contact between the contact portion 332 and the skin can be obtained on the surface. However, it does not necessarily have to be flat. That is, the contact portion 332 or the substrate 333 may form a curved surface, a concave portion, or a convex portion along the curved surface of the skin.
- the shape of the electrode pad need not be rigidly fixed, and may be flexibly deformed in accordance with contact with the skin.
- the sheet-like substrate 332 By using the sheet-like substrate 332, it is possible to ensure the flatness of the skin contact surface of the bioelectrode and further promote stable adhesion with the skin.
- the material, size and shape of the substrate can be arbitrarily selected.
- the substrate may be a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) sheet having a thickness of 0.2 mm or a flat sheet made of silicone (thickness 1 mm).
- the material of the substrate is not limited to these, and a flexible film-like (sheet-like) material that can easily maintain the flatness of the substrate and has good adhesion to the skin is preferably used.
- the contacts 331 made of conductive composite fibers are arranged and fixed on the substrate to form a contact portion 332 (electrode pad) with the skin.
- One surface of the sheet-like substrate (the surface on which the contact portion 332 is provided) may be provided with adhesion to the skin on the substrate surface by applying a slight adhesive force.
- the size of the sheet constituting the substrate 333 is not particularly limited. For example, in the case of a square electrode for an electrocardiogram, one side can be set to about 30 mm (for example, a range of 5 mm to 75 mm).
- FIGS. 25A to 25B Specific examples of the bioelectrode 30 are shown in FIGS. 25A to 25B.
- the upper part is a side view and the lower part is a front view.
- the holder 335 is omitted and not drawn.
- a plurality of contacts 331 are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction of the paper, and both ends of each contact 331 are connected to the signal cable 334 arranged in the vertical direction of the paper. Both ends of the contact 331 pass through the substrate 333 and are connected to the signal cable 334.
- the signal cable 334 is disposed on the surface (back surface) opposite to the surface (front surface) on which the contacts 331 are arranged and fixed, among the surfaces of the substrate 333 that is a base material. With this configuration, the contact 331 can be drawn to the substrate surface by the signal cable 334.
- the surface on which the signal cable 334 is disposed may be the front surface instead of the back surface of the substrate 333.
- An opening 336 is provided in the substrate 333 at a position where the substrate 333 overlaps with the contact portion 332.
- the opening 336 functions as a vent (vent). That is, when the electrode pad composed of the contact portion 332 and the substrate 333 is pressed against the skin, vapor or sweat from the skin can be discharged from the opening 336 to the outside of the electrode pad.
- the shape of the opening 336 is not particularly limited as long as the gas can flow through the substrate 333, and may be any shape such as a circle or a rectangle.
- the contact 331 disposed on the surface of the substrate 333 may be exposed on the back surface of the substrate 333 through the opening 336.
- the position where the opening 336 is arranged on the substrate 333 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the plurality of openings 336 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the substrate 333. In addition, the plurality of openings 336 are preferably provided at positions overlapping the contact portion 332.
- the total opening area of the openings 336 provided in the substrate 333 is not particularly limited. It is preferable to avoid an opening area that is so large as to impair the structural strength of the substrate 333. Usually, the opening area is preferably about 1 to 40% of the area of the substrate 333. Within this range, it is preferable to select according to the purpose, for example, it may be 1 to 20%, 20 to 40%, or 10 to 30%.
- the air permeability between the substrate 333 and the skin can be improved while keeping the structural strength of the substrate 333 sufficiently, and the stuffiness of the skin can be reduced.
- the total opening area of the openings 36 provided at the position overlapping the contact portion 332 is preferably about 2 to 60% of the area of the contact portion 332. In this range, it is preferable to select according to the purpose, for example, 2 to 40%, 40 to 60%, 10 to 30%, or 5 to 45% may be used.
- the air permeability between the contact portion 332 and the skin can be improved and skin stuffiness can be reduced while sufficiently maintaining the structural strength of the contact portion 332.
- a humidity control pad 337 may be provided on the surface (back surface) of the substrate 333 opposite to the contact portion 332. Vapor or sweat that has passed through the opening 336 can be absorbed by the humidity-control pad 337.
- the material of the humidity control pad 337 is not particularly limited as long as the material has water absorption.
- a humidity control cover 338 for covering or fixing the humidity control pad 337 may be provided.
- the moisture conditioning pad 337 not only absorbs sweat from the skin, but also moisturizes the moisture and glycerol into the skin and contactor by impregnating the moisture conditioning pad 337 with moisture and glycerol in advance. It can also be used for the purpose of supplying.
- the contact 331 disposed on the surface of the substrate 333 may be exposed on the back surface of the substrate 333 through the opening 336, and the contact 331 and the humidity control pad 337 may be in contact with each other. By this contact, moisture or the like can be supplied to the contact 331.
- an opening 336 in the substrate 333 By providing an opening 336 in the substrate 333, it can be used for various skin conditions, from the sweaty state in summer, young people, during exercise, etc., to the dry state, such as in winter, the elderly, and at rest. be able to.
- the opening 336 is not provided only for the purpose of releasing moisture by releasing the skin closed (covered) by the electrode pad, but for the purpose of actively supplying moisture to the skin. It may be provided for this purpose. That is, by installing a water-absorbing pad (sponge or the like) 337 on the opening 336, sweat can be removed and humidity can be adjusted.
- the contents can be replenished from the pad 337 to the contact 331 and the skin by containing water, glycerol, and a moisturizing component in the humidity conditioning pad 337.
- a cover such as PVC.
- the conductive composite fiber that constitutes the contact 331 has an appropriate hygroscopic property, and moisture moves and diffuses due to the capillary phenomenon caused by the fine fibers that constitute the contact 331. Therefore, an opening 336 and a pad 337 are provided. Thus, smooth humidity adjustment around the contact portion 332 is possible.
- the size (area) of the opening 336 can be appropriately adjusted according to usage conditions such as room temperature, humidity, exercise, and the presence or absence of heat generation.
- the total area of the one or more openings 336 provided in the substrate 333 is not particularly limited as long as the structural strength of the substrate 333 can be appropriately maintained.
- a sheet-like substrate constituting an electrode pad The range of 0.1 to 50% can be adjusted with respect to the area of 333. It is preferable to select according to the purpose within this range, for example, it may be 0.1 to 30%, 30 to 50%, 5 to 40%, 15 to 50%, 0. It may be 1 to 5%.
- the description of the conductive conjugate fiber constituting the contact 331 is the same as the explanation of the conductive conjugate fiber of the first embodiment described above.
- the description of the structure of the contact 331 is the same as the description of the contact in the first embodiment.
- the density of the contact 331 in the contact part 332, the number of the contact 331 per unit area of the contact part 332, and the area of the contact part 332 are not specifically limited, It adjusts suitably according to a use. For example, when the contacts 331 (fiber bundles) having a diameter of 280 microns are arranged in parallel, about 30 contacts are used per 10 mm of the electrode width, but the density of the contacts 331 in the contact portion 332 is not limited to this. Absent. For example, it can be adjusted within a range of 1 to 200.
- a conductive composite fiber bundle (a contact made by impregnating glycerol in a composite fiber of PEDOT-PSS and silk fiber) similar to Example 3-1 described below is used.
- the contact area with the skin (the area of the contact portion 332) may be set to about 1 cm x 1 cm (100 mm 2), normally set at 10 ⁇ 50,000 mm 2 can do.
- the contact area range of the electrode can be set, for example, to 10 to 50,000 mm 2 .
- the method of arranging the contacts 331 in the contact portion 332 is not particularly limited, and is appropriately adjusted according to the application.
- a configuration in which a plurality of contacts 331 are laid in multiple layers, a plurality of contacts 331 are woven or knitted, and cloth A configuration like a towel in which a plurality of contacts 331 are raised from a fabric can be adopted.
- the contacts 331 are in contact with each other and are electrically connected (conductivity is obtained), so that there is no problem in use.
- a configuration in which the plurality of contacts 331 are arranged sparsely by widening the interval between the plurality of contacts 331 in the contact portion 332 may be adopted.
- the exposed surface can directly contact the skin from between the contacts 331. Therefore, by making the exposed surface of the substrate 333 adhesive, the adhesive strength of the electrode pad to the skin, the current density, and the contact range between the electrode contact portion 332 and the skin can be adjusted.
- the conductive composite fiber constituting the contact 331 is impregnated with a moisturizing component such as glycerol, and moisture (sweat) from the skin on which the bioelectrode is installed is absorbed by the conductive composite fiber, thereby the conductive The composite fiber is maintained in a moderately wet (wet) state.
- a moisturizing component such as glycerol
- the method of placing the electrode pad of the biological electrode 330 on the skin surface is not particularly limited as long as the biological electrode can be stably fixed.
- the adhesive or sheet-like substrate 333 of the conductive composite fiber described above is used.
- the electrode pad can be independently and independently attached to the skin.
- the contact portion 332 in which the contacts 331 are arranged is brought into contact with the body surface (skin surface)
- the contact 331 is immediately attached to the skin surface, and conduction between the contact 331 and the skin surface is obtained, and a biological signal is obtained.
- the biological signal is sent to an external device such as a biological amplifier through a signal cable 334 (metal conductor) connected to the contact 331.
- the electrode pad is affixed to the skin using the weakly sticky substrate 333 and the adhesiveness caused by the wetness of the conductive composite fiber of the contact 331, so the fixing force to the skin is not high. . Therefore, there is a possibility that the electrode pad is displaced or dropped due to traction by the signal cable 334 or a large body movement. Therefore, the holder 335 may be applied to press the electrode pad against the skin surface S for the purpose of stably holding the electrode pad and preventing displacement and dropping.
- the form of the holder 335 such as shape and size is not particularly limited.
- an electrode pad 338 is placed on the skin surface S of the body B using a belt-like stretchable cloth (curtain) as shown in FIGS. 25A to 25B, and the waist of the body B is wrapped around the electrode pad 338.
- a method of winding the stretchable holder 335 can be mentioned. In this configuration, even if the body B is moved greatly, the electrode pad 338 does not easily fall off, and the electrode pad 338 can be more stably fixed.
- the holder 335 can be installed inside an underwear (shirt) T, for example.
- the electrode pad 338 and a part of the holder 335 are fixed inside the undergarment T.
- the holder 335 and the electrode pad 338 are structurally independent, and the holder 335 can be moved laterally on the electrode pad 338, that is, movable (shiftable) along the surface of the body B. It is said that. Therefore, it is preferable that the electrode pad 338 and the holder 336 are disposed so as to be separated from each other, and it is preferable that the electrode pad 338 and the holder 335 are not completely fixed.
- the electrode pad 338 and the holder 335 are structurally independent, and the contact portion between the electrode pad 338 and the holder 335 is not fixed, and the holder 335 can slide on the electrode pad 338 at the contact portion. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the electrode pad 338 from falling off due to the displacement between the body B and the underwear T, the loss of the biological signal, and the generation of noise due to the displacement of the electrode. Moreover, the electrode pad 338 can also be removed and replaced
- the holder 335 serves to hold the electrode pad 338 stably and is also used to hold a bioelectrode accessory (cable, connector, amplifier 339, etc.).
- the dough (material) constituting the holder 335 is not particularly limited.
- a stretchable fabric among cloth, sheets, meshes, rubber bands, and the like For example, it is preferable to use a stretchable fabric among cloth, sheets, meshes, rubber bands, and the like.
- a belt-like bi-directional stretch fabric, Lycra (registered trademark) (generic name: spandex) (made by Toray Industries, Inc.) is placed on the inside of an underwear shirt and is 15 cm wide (according to the height of the heart) (Vertical length) can be used by sewing (see FIGS. 25A and 25B).
- Lycra registered trademark
- This holder is suitable, for example, as a holder for a Holter electrocardiogram electrode (for CC5 induction).
- CC5 Holter electrocardiogram electrode
- the holder 335 is not limited to the case where the holder 335 is installed inside the underwear of the upper body described above, and may be installed by wrapping around the extremities, the head, the neck, and the fingers, for example, according to the use of the bioelectrode 330.
- the material of the holder 335 is not limited to the above-described spandex, and various cloths, sheets, meshes, bands, and the like can be used as long as they are stretchable planar materials (fabrics).
- the bioelectrode according to the present invention When the bioelectrode according to the present invention is installed at the measurement site, it is not necessary to use a conductive gel (electrolyte gel) or a conductive paste (electrolyte paste). By not using conductive gel or paste, the following effects (A) to (E) can be obtained. (A) A feeling of wearing is improved. Discomfort associated with electrode mounting is less likely to occur. Since the gel or paste is not used, it is not necessary to seal the skin with a liquid or gel, and the electrode can be installed in an open state with respect to the outside air. That is, it can be measured in a state where the string-like electrode is in light contact with the skin, or in a state where the soft cloth-like electrode is in contact with the skin.
- the electrode can be reduced in size and weight. Since the electrode resistance per unit area is smaller than that of the conventional electrode, the electrode can be made smaller, lighter, and higher in density than the conventional biological electrode.
- the bioelectrode according to the present invention includes the conductive conjugate fiber
- the following effects (F) to (K) can be obtained.
- the application range of the bioelectrode can be expanded.
- the overall shape (basic shape) of the bioelectrode can be processed into a thin planar shape (cloth shape) or a linear shape (string shape). Since it is lighter, flatter and more flexible than conventional electrodes, a linear electrode thinner than a string can be produced. Also, the wearing feeling is comfortable. Due to these properties, the bioelectrode according to the present invention can be applied as a wearable electrode, and the applicable range can be expanded.
- K Measurements that are equivalent to or more stable than conventional bioelectrodes are possible.
- the bioelectrode according to the present invention can overcome noise contamination and measurement signal instability, which are disadvantages of the conventional pasteless electrode. That is, the stability of the measurement signal can be obtained equivalent to or higher than that of a conventional medical bioelectrode using an electrolyte paste.
- the conductive polymer fiber that can be used as the conductive composite fiber constituting the biological electrode of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the conductive conjugate fiber is not limited to this conductive polymer fiber.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to an implantable electrode and a biological signal measurement device. More specifically, the present invention relates to an implantable bioelectrode using a composite material of conductive polymer and fiber (hereinafter referred to as “conductive composite fiber”), and a biosignal measurement device including the bioelectrode.
- conductive composite fiber a composite material of conductive polymer and fiber
- biosignal measurement device including the bioelectrode.
- PEDOT-PSS which is a conventionally known conductive polymer, gels in living tissue due to its high water absorption, and mechanical strength is extremely reduced. For this reason, it is difficult to install the PEDOT-PSS processed into a needle shape or a rod shape alone in the body like a conventional metal or carbon bioelectrode.
- PEDOT-PSS absorbs water at the connection part between the electrode composed only of PEDOT-PSS and the metal lead (cable) connected to the external device. There is a problem that it is weakened and easily broken (disconnected).
- the implantable electrode 410 according to the first embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention shown in FIGS. 29A to 29C is formed into a rod shape (needle shape) by bundling a plurality of conductive composite fibers containing a conductive polymer.
- the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 is provided.
- a metal conducting wire 402 is wound around a part of the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 to form a connection portion 403.
- the connection part 403 is covered with an insulating and water-resistant polymer 404 (resin).
- the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 is superior in mechanical strength to a conductor formed of a conductive polymer in the form of a rod having an equivalent diameter alone before and after water absorption. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 from being damaged when embedded in the living tissue, or the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 from being disassembled in the living tissue after the implantation.
- the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 is preferably in a dry state before use.
- the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 in a dry state has a high mechanical strength and has a relatively small volume because it contracts compared to when wet. Therefore, by using the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 1 in the dry contraction state, it is possible to reduce the invasion when inserting into the living tissue.
- the composite form (method) is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a form in which a conductive polymer is coated on the surface of the fiber material in a string form (string form), or the conductive polymer is in the form of a thread form. It may be in a form impregnated with a fiber material, or may be a form in which a thread-like conductive polymer and the fiber-like fiber material are twisted or spun.
- the fibers described in the first embodiment of the present invention can be preferably used.
- the kind of the conductive polymer is not particularly limited, and a known conductive polymer can be applied.
- a known conductive polymer can be applied.
- PEDOT-PSS poly (4- (2,3-dihydrothieno [ 3,4-b] [1,4] dioxin- And hydrophilic conductive polymers such as 2yl-methoxy-1-butanesulfonic acid and potassium salt).
- the fiber material for example, conventionally known fiber materials such as silk, cotton, hemp, rayon, and chemical fiber are applicable. Of these, silk is preferred. When silk is used, the strength and hydrophilicity of the composite fiber can be further improved. Silk is preferable because it has almost no toxicity to living tissue, hardly causes inflammation due to immune reaction, and has excellent compatibility with living tissue.
- the kind of the conductive polymer to be combined with silk is not particularly limited, but a hydrophilic conductive polymer such as PEDOT-PSS or PEDOT-S described above is preferable.
- the length and thickness of the conductive composite fiber constituting the implantable electrode of the present invention are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted depending on the length and thickness of the fiber material to be combined. Further, the length and thickness of the conductive composite fiber bundle constituted by twisting or binding a plurality of conductive composite fibers are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted according to the purpose and application.
- the thickness may be in the range of 0.01 ⁇ m to 5 mm, and the length may be in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 m. In another example, the thickness may be in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, and the length may be in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 50 cm.
- the thickness of the rod-like conductive composite fiber bundle 401 shown in FIGS. 29A to 29C can be 0.1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m and the length can be 1 ⁇ m to 10 mm.
- 31A to 31C can have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m and a length of 100 ⁇ m to 50 cm, for example.
- the thickness and the length are the thickness and the total extension length in a state where the conductive composite fiber bundle 1 wound in a coil shape is stretched.
- the outer diameter of the coil in the coiled state shown in FIGS. 301A to 301C can be, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm, and the length of the coil in the central axis direction can be, for example, 100 ⁇ m to 50 mm.
- the thickness of the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 connected to the surgical thread shown in FIGS. 32A to 32D can be set to 0.1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, for example, and the length can be set to 1 ⁇ m to 10 cm.
- the thickness of the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 constituting the core shown in FIG. 33B can be set to 10 ⁇ m to 10 mm, for example, and the length can be set to 10 ⁇ m to 50 cm.
- a conductive polymer fiber that will be described in detail later is applicable.
- the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 of the first embodiment of the fourth aspect is bonded to the tip of a needle 405 (guide needle).
- the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 is moistened with water or alcohol or the like, the conductive polymer on the surface thereof has adhesiveness (adhesiveness) and shrinks and solidifies when dried again. Utilizing this property, the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 can be bonded (fixed) to the tip of the needle 405 (FIG. 29A).
- the implantable electrode 410 having this configuration is inserted into a living tissue, the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 absorbs the body fluid (extracellular fluid or cerebrospinal fluid) and swells (FIG. 29B).
- the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 installed in the living tissue is connected to an external device via an electric wire 402 (metal conducting wire 402), and signals (electrical signals or electrical stimulation) are transmitted and received.
- the constituent material of the needle 405 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metals such as gold, platinum, and copper, carbon, or resin (plastic).
- the electric wire 402 is preferably a wire capable of electrically connecting the conductive composite fiber bundle and the external device.
- the constituent material of the electric wire 402 is not particularly limited, and for example, metal, silicon, carbon, or the like can be applied.
- the kind of the metal is not particularly limited, and may be a metal used in a conventionally known electric wire.
- the electric wire 402 is preferably covered with a polymer having insulating properties and water resistance.
- the type of the polymer is not particularly limited, and for example, a water-resistant polymer that covers a conductive composite fiber bundle according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention described later can be applied.
- the thickness and length of the electric wire 402 are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted according to the application.
- the adhesive material is not particularly limited, and is a material that can fix the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 1 and the needle 5 in a dry state (exemplifies adhesiveness) and decreases the fixing force (adhesive force) due to water absorption. It is preferable. Examples thereof include materials containing PEG (polyethylene glycol), PEDOT-PSS, polylactic acid, sorbitol, fibrin glue, starch glue and the like.
- the type of PEG is not particularly limited, and for example, a relatively high molecular weight PEG that is solid at room temperature (for example, about 20 ° C.) to body temperature (for example, about 40 ° C.) and becomes liquid when heated is used.
- Can do Applying the heated and dissolved PEG to the needle, and then bringing the conductive composite fiber bundle into contact with the needle, and then bringing the PEG solidified by returning to room temperature, so the needle and the fiber bundle are bonded.
- Can do When this is placed in an environment with bodily fluids such as tissue, PEG gradually dissolves, and the conductive conjugate fiber bundle can be naturally separated from the needle.
- the conductive composite fiber bundle 1 and the needle 5 are indirectly bonded through the adhesive material applied to the polymer 404 covering the connection portion 403. It doesn't matter.
- the connecting portion 403 is covered with a polymer 404.
- the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 constituting the connection part 403 is covered with the polymer 404, swelling due to water absorption and reduction in mechanical strength hardly occur. Further, since the mechanical strength of the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 is increased by combining with the fiber material, the connection between the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 and the metal conductor 403 does not break (disconnect) even after water absorption. The electrical connection can be sufficiently maintained.
- the method for connecting the metal conductive wire 402 to the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 in the connection portion 403 is not particularly limited.
- a method such as winding, ligating, caulking, or adhesion using a conductive adhesive (silver paste, silver epoxy, etc.) is available.
- a conductive adhesive silver paste, silver epoxy, etc.
- the type of the polymer 404 that covers the connection part 403 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include silicone (silicone), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), and PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
- Electrode placement in the body As a method of installing the implantable electrode 410 according to the first embodiment of the fourth aspect in a living tissue, for example, a manipulator capable of high-speed operation is used, and the needle 405 is moved into the living body at a high speed (in a short time). ) The method of inserting is mentioned.
- the needle 405 leads and enters a predetermined position in the living body, and the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 bonded to the needle 405 and the connected metal conductive wire 402 are both introduced into the predetermined position in the living body. This insertion is completed at a high speed and is preferably completed before the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 starts to swell in the living body.
- the insertion speed is not particularly limited, but it can be performed at, for example, about 100 to 1000 mm / sec.
- a conductive actuator capable of high-speed operation is used, and the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 of the implantable electrode 410 is inserted at a speed of 10 to 20 msec so that it is placed at a depth of 2 mm below the cerebral cortex of the animal. Can be entered. Thereafter, the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 is swollen with body fluid, the adhesive material that bonds the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 and the needle 405 is dissolved, and only the needle 405 is removed when the adhesive strength is weakened. it can.
- the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 installed in the living tissue swells and adheres to the surrounding living tissue.
- the implantable electrode 10 of the first embodiment may be provided with one conductive composite fiber bundle 401 at the tip of the needle 405 as shown in FIG. 30A, or on the needle 405 as shown in FIGS. 30B and 30C.
- a plurality of conductive conjugate fiber bundles 401 may be provided.
- the height of the bonding location of the two conductive composite fiber bundles 401 in the needle 405 is shifted (the position is shifted in the length direction of the needle 405).
- the conductive composite fiber bundles 401 are installed at different heights (depths) when inserted into the body, and can function as independent electrodes (2ch electrodes).
- the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 is fixed on both sides of the needle 405 when viewed from the side surface and the bottom surface, but two electrodes may be fixed to one side of the needle 405. .
- the two conductive conjugate fiber bundles 401 appear to overlap in the depth direction (in the height direction). That is, the cross-sectional area is reduced.
- the four conductive conjugate fiber bundles 401 are arranged so that the circumference of the needle 405 surrounds the needles 405 with the same height of the bonding portions of the four conductive conjugate fiber bundles 401 in the needle 405. Yes.
- four conductive composite fibers 401 (4ch electrodes) can be placed in the living tissue around the position where the needle 405 is inserted.
- the implantable electrode 420 according to the second embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention shown in FIGS. 31A to 31C has a conductive composite fiber bundle 401 wound around the tip of the needle 405 in a coil shape. This is the same as in the first embodiment.
- symbol is attached
- the coiled conductive composite fiber bundle 401 may be adhered to the tip of the needle 405, or may simply be wound. Since the coiled conductive composite fiber bundle 401 is firmly wound around the tip of the needle 405, the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 drops off from the needle 405 when the distal end direction of the needle 405 is inserted into a living tissue. This is prevented (FIG. 31A). Further, since the outer diameter of the coil at the time of drying shrinkage (the diameter of a circle drawn around the coil) is small, the invasiveness to living tissue is reduced. The implantable electrode 420 inserted into the living tissue swells when the conductive composite fiber bundle 1 absorbs the body fluid to form a swollen fiber bundle 401 ′ (FIG.
- the coil spontaneously expands.
- the outer diameter of the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 and the living tissue come into close contact with each other. Since the adhesive force between the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 and the needle 405 is weakened due to water absorption, the needle 405 can be removed while the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 remains in the living tissue (FIG. 31C).
- the implantable electrode 420 of the second embodiment having the coiled conductive composite fiber bundle 401 may cause atrophy or dead space in the living tissue due to the installation of the electrode (conductive composite fiber bundle 401). It is suitable for the case where the measurement target cells and nerve fibers are scattered in the living tissue.
- FIG. 4 shows an implantable electrode 430 according to a third embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention.
- a metal conducting wire 402 is connected to one end of the conductive composite fiber bundle 401, and a surgical nylon monofilament thread 406 is bonded to the other end by the above-described method.
- a bending needle 405 for surgical suturing is bound to the nylon thread 406.
- FIG. 32A An example of a method of installing the implantable electrode 430 in a nerve cord (Bundle) is illustrated.
- the needle 405 is penetrated (pierced) through the nerve cord N ′ in the manner of suturing the nerve cord N (FIG. 32A), and the nylon thread 406 is pulled up,
- the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 is drawn into the nerve cord N ′ by being pulled by the nylon thread 406 (FIG. 32B). Thereafter, the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 absorbs the body fluid at a predetermined position in the nerve cord N, whereby the nylon thread 406 is peeled off from the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 and the nylon thread 406 is removed from the nerve cord N ′. be able to.
- FIG. 32C shows a state in which a plurality of implantable electrodes are installed on a plurality of nerve cords N in the nerve bundle.
- Peripheral nerves have many mixed nerves of movement, perception, and autonomic nerves, and form nerve cords (Bundles). Nerve cords travel three-dimensionally in the nerve bundle, and there are large individual differences in the distribution of nerve bundle cords, so it is difficult to identify nerve cords with brain coordinates like the central nerve, but clinically, the microscope Major nerve fibers can be identified by the observation below and measurement of nerve activity.
- the implantable electrode according to the third embodiment enables selective signal recording and stimulation of movement, perception, and autonomic nerves by utilizing this clinical technique.
- the implantable electrode according to the third embodiment can be mechanically inserted by an automatic anastomosis device, a micromanipulator, or the like as well as by a surgical technique.
- the rate at which the conductive conjugate fiber and the conductive conjugate fiber bundle constituting the implantable electrode of the present invention absorb body fluid in the body can be delayed.
- one or more of glycerol, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, squalane, silicone, mineral oil, or MPC (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) is impregnated or coated in advance on a conductive composite fiber (bundle). Is the method.
- the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 of the third embodiment by impregnating the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 of the third embodiment with glycerol in advance, even if it is difficult to introduce the electrode into the living body and the operation time becomes long, the water absorption of the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 is increased. It is possible to prevent the swelling and peeling of the nylon thread 406 from occurring during the operation. By keeping the diameter of the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 small, the invasion to the living tissue during the introduction of the electrode can be reduced.
- an implantable electrode 440 has a conductive composite fiber (bundle) 401 formed into a rod shape (needle shape) or string shape (cable shape) as a core.
- the core portion is covered with a water-resistant polymer 404 around at least a part thereof, and a flow path is formed for liquid to permeate (permeate) from one end portion 1a (401a) of the core portion to the other end portion 1b.
- the one end 1a and the other end 1b are not covered with the polymer 404 and are exposed.
- the “flow channel” does not mean a hollow tube, but means a configuration in which the water-resistant polymer 404 forms a tube and the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 1 is arranged in the tube. Since the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401 has water absorption and substance permeability, the liquid can permeate from the one end 1a to the other end 1b and move spontaneously.
- the method of transporting the liquid or substance through the flow path is not limited to spontaneous movement such as permeation, capillary action, diffusion, etc., and one of the one end 1a and the other end 1b is positive and the other is negative.
- a method of performing electrophoresis or a method of feeding a liquid by pressurizing a liquid by connecting a pump (for example, an osmotic pressure pump) to the one end 1a may be adopted.
- a pump for example, an osmotic pressure pump
- the drug can be transported and delivered stably at a constant rate.
- a reservoir 407 (FIG. 33A) or a chamber 408 (FIG. 33B) capable of containing a drug solution is connected to one end 1 a of the core portion constituted by the conductive conjugate fiber bundle 401.
- a liquid feeding pump may be connected to the tube connector 409 provided in the chamber 408.
- the type of the drug is not particularly limited, but is preferably a drug having a pharmacological action for suppressing or promoting a biological reaction.
- examples of the drug include a drug that reduces damage to living tissue, a drug that promotes repair of living tissue, and a drug that grows living tissue.
- glycerol sorbitol, mannitol, fructose, BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor), NGF (Nerve Growth Factor), NT3 (Neurotrophin-3), GSNO (S-Nitrosoglutathione), SKF96365, Cilostazol, TRIM
- soluble drugs such as 1- (2-Trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole), Gadolinium, magnesium, EGTA (ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid), and Ruthenium red.
- a configuration in which a liquid in which one or more of these drugs are dissolved is stored in the reservoir 407 or the chamber 408 can be given.
- the type of the water-resistant polymer 404 that covers the core is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer that can form a coating layer around the core (form a water seal on the outer surface of the core).
- a polymer (resin) used in the field of medical devices such as conventionally known catheters can be applied.
- the water-resistant polymer 404 preferably has an insulating property in order to prevent the electrically conductive conjugate fiber 401 constituting the core portion from being electrically short-circuited with the surroundings.
- the thickness of the coating layer constituted by the water resistant polymer 404 is not particularly limited. For example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 mm can be mentioned.
- water-resistant polymer 404 examples include silicone, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), ANS (acrylonitrile styrene).
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- ANS acrylonitrile styrene
- styrene PEN
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- polyamide polyamide
- aromatic polyamide aromatic polyamide
- polyester polyyester
- polyether block amide copolymer poly Polymethylmethacrylate, polyurethane, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyethylene, latex, PTFE, FEP , PFA, polypropylene, polysiloxane, ionomer, SAN (styrene acrylonitrile), nylon, thermoplastic elastomer and the like.
- the drug may be previously impregnated or applied to the conductive composite fiber constituting the implantable electrode of the present invention. Also in this case, the drug is gradually released from the conductive conjugate fiber placed in the living tissue, and the drug can be locally administered around the conductive conjugate fiber.
- the one end 1a and the reservoir 407 or the chamber 408 may be embedded in the living tissue or may be installed outside the living tissue.
- the one end 1a is embedded in the living tissue, it is desirable that the volume of the reservoir 407 or the chamber 408 connected to the one end 1a is as small as possible.
- a capsule-like reservoir 407 can be mentioned.
- the chamber 408 when the chamber 408 is installed in the living tissue, the chamber 408 may be connected to the outside of the living tissue via a tube connector 409 provided in the chamber 408.
- the one end 1a of the core and the reservoir 7 or the chamber 408 are preferably installed outside the living tissue.
- the core covered with the water-resistant polymer 4 can be produced with a desired length (for example, 100 ⁇ m to 10 cm) and thickness (for example, 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm) depending on the application.
- the size and constituent materials of the reservoir 407 and the chamber 408 are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately changed according to the purpose of use and the mode of use.
- a plastic bag (bag) or a box (case) such as silicone resin can be used as the reservoir 407 or the chamber 408.
- the water-resistant polymer 404 covers from the vicinity of the other end 1b to the reservoir 407 or the chamber 408 provided with the one end 1a therein.
- connection method between the reservoir 407 and the chamber 408 and the one end 1a is not particularly limited.
- a water-resistant polymer 404 that covers the central side of the reservoir 407 or the chamber 408 is installed on the outer wall of the reservoir 407 or the chamber 408 with a water-resistant polymer 404 that is installed in the liquid reservoir of the reservoir 407 or the chamber 408 with the end 1a exposed
- attaches can be illustrated.
- the drug transport function (drug delivery function) possessed by the implantable electrode 440 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention can be applied to administration of a drug for reducing damage caused by implantation of the electrode, and is particularly implanted in nerve tissue. It exerts a remarkable effect in reducing the damage caused by.
- a drug having an effect of reducing damage to the central nervous tissue for example, GSNO (S-Nitrosoglutathione) from the other end 1b of the core
- the implantable electrode 440 significantly damages the central nervous tissue. Can be reduced.
- signal transmission / reception between the electrode and the nerve tissue can be performed stably and with high accuracy over a longer period of time than before. This will be described in detail with reference to data in Example 4-4 (FIGS. 34A to 34D) described later.
- a tube for drug transport (for example, an ultrafine hollow needle such as a microcapillary) is separately installed on the bioelectrode installation site.
- a tube for drug transport for example, an ultrafine hollow needle such as a microcapillary
- a bundle structure bundle structure stored (bundled) in a single sheath (tube) in a state in which an ultrafine hollow needle is placed along the biological electrode.
- the structure of the structure embedded in the living tissue is complicated because the drug release hole (release port) of the drug transport path and the electrode are placed apart (built in the sheath).
- the fourth embodiment of the present invention has a simple structure because the conductive composite fiber bundle 401 itself serving as an electrode also serves as a drug transport path. Further, since the drug oozes out from the surface of the electrode, it is possible to uniformly administer the drug to the boundary surface where the electrode and the cell tissue are in contact, that is, the region where the damage is most generated. Further, by adding the above-described additive such as glycerol to the conductive composite fiber bundle 401, the drug release rate can be adjusted.
- the drug transport function (drug delivery function) possessed by the implantable electrode 440 according to the fourth embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention is not limited to the use of drug administration for alleviating damage to biological tissues. Stimulate or utilize physiological functions of living cells and tissues, such as selective binding of nerve fibers by neurotrophic factors (formation of selective nerve wiring) and recording of electrical signals associated with selective stimulation of nerve fibers It can be used for various applications. Further, the liquid flowing through the flow path of the implantable electrode 440 is not limited to the drug solution, and the composition and function thereof are not limited as long as the liquid can permeate and move through the conductive composite fiber bundle 401.
- a bioelectrode composed of a flexible conductive composite fiber can be placed in a living tissue.
- the connection between the conductive conjugate fiber and the electric wire (signal cable) can be stably maintained in the living body.
- the drug can be transported at a constant speed to the site where the electrode and the living tissue are in contact. 4). It is possible to reduce damage to living tissue (particularly cranial nerve tissue) due to electrode placement (implantation). 5). Long-term stable recording of biological signals is possible. 6).
- the electrodes can be three-dimensionally installed according to the three-dimensional structure of the nerve tissue.
- Example 1-1 Silk yarn as raw material in dry and wet state (in a state where pure water is absorbed until saturation) (No. 9 silk yarn; manufactured by Fujix Co., Ltd., 18 strands of 21D denier silk fiber, yarn diameter of about 280 ⁇ m, length 20cm)
- FIG. 9B The result of examining the tensile strength of () is shown in FIG. 9B.
- electrochemical fixation was performed by energization at 3 mC per cm, and ethanol was used as the organic solvent and contained in the solution.
- PEDOT-PSS silk fiber bundle 1 a conductive polymer fiber bundle having a diameter of about 280 ⁇ m in a dry state and a wet state (a state in which pure water is absorbed until saturation).
- FIG. 9B The vertical axis of the graph represents the maximum tonicity (CN: centinewton), and the error bar represents the standard deviation of 10 samples.
- the conductive polymer fiber according to the present invention has excellent strength equivalent to that of the raw silk thread in both the dry state and the wet state, and it is difficult for breakage and cracks to occur. It is clear that the conductivity is difficult to decrease.
- the PEDOT-PSS silk fiber bundle 1 (decreased 17% (207CN) based on the strength at the time of drying) is more effective for the raw silk thread (the strength at the time of drying). Since the difference in strength is smaller than 20% (268CN reduction), the PEDOT-PSS silk fiber bundle 1 has less strength change due to wetness and has stable strength characteristics. I understand. Further, from the results of Example 1-1 and Comparative Example 1-1, the tensile strength of the conductive polymer fiber (dry state) according to the present invention is higher than that of the conductive fiber (dry state) made only of PEDOT-PSS. Is clearly improved by about 10 times.
- Example 1-2 A sample A impregnated with glycerol and a sample B not impregnated with glycerol were prepared for the conductive polymer fiber (PEDOT-PSS silk fiber bundle 1) produced by the same method as in Example 1. With each sample A and B immersed in pure water, shaking was performed under the conditions of horizontal amplitude 5 cm, 3 Hz, 10 times, and then air-dried three sets repeatedly, and the resistance value of each sample A and B was changed. Was recorded.
- PEDOT-PSS silk fiber bundle 1 the conductive polymer fiber
- the resistance value was calculated from the amount of current at the time of DC5V load using a DC stabilized power supply (PAB18-5.5; manufactured by Kikusui Electronics Co., Ltd.) and a digital multimeter (VOAC7511; manufactured by Iwasaki Tsushinki Co., Ltd.). The resistance value was measured on a sample in a dry state (a state containing no moisture). The result is shown in FIG.
- the vertical axis of the graph represents the resistance value (M ⁇ / mm) per 1 mm length of the PEDOT-PSS silk fiber bundle 1 (dried state) having a fiber diameter of about 280 microns.
- Example 1-3 Conductive polymer fiber (hereinafter referred to as PEDOT-PSS silk fiber bundle 2) having a diameter of about 280 ⁇ m and a length of 300 mm made of PEDOT-PSS obtained by the above-mentioned production method 2b and the silk thread (No. 9 silk thread).
- PEDOT-PSS silk fiber bundle 2 having a diameter of about 280 ⁇ m and a length of 300 mm made of PEDOT-PSS obtained by the above-mentioned production method 2b and the silk thread (No. 9 silk thread).
- the rubber band 4 and the metal conductor 5 are provided on the fixed string 3
- the PEDOT-PSS silk fiber bundle 2 is wound as a coil in the shape of a coil as shown in FIG.
- a body surface type bioelectrode was prepared. This bioelectrode was placed on the human body surface 6.
- the PEDOT-PSS silk fiber bundle 2 which is an electrode constituting a biological electrode could be contacted with the skin without using a paste (jelly) containing an electrolyte or the like. That is, it is clear that the bioelectrode provided with the PEDOT-PSS silk fiber bundle 2 according to the present invention is excellent in strength, flexibility and conductivity, and can be attached to the body surface in close contact.
- the bioelectrode is installed on the skin of the upper right limb, left upper limb, and left lower limb (body surface).
- a resting human electrocardiogram was recorded by the method of induction (setting sensitivity 2000 ⁇ V / mm, time scale 1 sec I, II, III induction).
- Example 1-4 A conductive polymer fiber having a diameter of about 280 ⁇ m and a length of 1.5 mm made of PEDOT-PSS obtained by the above-described production method 1a and the silk thread (No. 9 silk thread) is covered with a silicone resin, and partly It was insulation. Specifically, the length of the exposed portion (non-insulating portion) was about 500 ⁇ m, and the length of the insulating coating portion was about 1000 ⁇ m.
- the obtained conductive polymer fiber (hereinafter sometimes referred to as PEDOT-PSS silk fiber bundle 3) has an electrode resistance of about 500 k ⁇ , which is connected to a thin metal wire (Xwire, manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd.). Thus, a thread-like embedded bioelectrode was obtained. The photograph which observed it with the stereomicroscope is shown to the left of FIG. 12A.
- the prepared bioelectrode was inserted into the rat sciatic nerve directly under the outer neuroneurium under a microscope, and ligated and fixed using a surgical thread for microsurgery (S & T 10-0) (right figure in FIG. 12A).
- the metal lead was connected to a preamplifier, and the action potential (collective action potential) of the sciatic nerve was recorded using a biological signal recording device (AP1024, manufactured by TEAC).
- FIG. 12B An example of the measurement result is shown in FIG. 12B.
- the measurement conditions are set sensitivity 2000 ⁇ V / mm, time scale 1 second, and in order from the top, at rest, at muscle contraction, at muscle relaxation.
- the implantable bioelectrode including the PEDOT-PSS silk fiber bundle 3 according to the present invention is in the form of a thread, it can be sewn into the tissue by surgery. For this reason, compared with the conventional large and inflexible metal electrode, there is a high degree of freedom in the installation location of the bioelectrode according to the present invention, and the electrode can be fixed in a stable state. Since only this is exposed and the others are coated, the durability is high and long-term recording becomes possible.
- conductive polymer fibers in which PEDOT-PSS was arranged on the inside and the outer periphery of the silk thread were prepared by the above-described production method 2b. Specifically, the outer periphery is coated with PEDOT-PSS once electrochemically, sample C, sample C further impregnated with glycerol, sample D, and sample C again with PEDOT-PSS. Sample E chemically coated (two coats in total) and Sample F in which Sample E was further impregnated with glycerol were prepared.
- Example 1-2 The electrical conductivity of each sample C, D, E, F in a dry state (containing no moisture) was measured by the resistance value measurement method described in Example 1-2, and the respective resistance values were measured with Example 1-2. Table 1 shows the results measured by the same method. From the results obtained, in order to improve the conductivity and resistance value, it is preferable that the thickness of the conductor is thicker (the number of coatings is preferably twice than one), and glycerol is preferably added. It is clearly preferred.
- Example 2-1 a silk fiber (No. 9 silk thread: about 280 ⁇ m in diameter) is prepared as a material fiber, and a manufacturing apparatus equipped with the rotor electrode of the present invention as shown in FIGS. 13 and 15A-B is used.
- a conductive polymer fiber was produced in which a conductor containing PEDOT-PSS was polymerized and fixed in the outer periphery of the silk fiber and in the fiber bundle made of the silk fiber.
- two kinds of conductor solutions were prepared, one using no additives and the other containing glycerol, and electrochemical polymerization fixation was performed for each.
- a pulley-like rotor electrode 222 and a roller-like rotor electrode 232 as shown in FIGS. 13A to 13B are used, and each of these rotor electrodes 222 and 232 uses silk fiber as the silk electrode.
- the fibers were alternately arranged so as to be sandwiched from both sides in the radial direction of the fiber.
- a pulley-like rotor electrode 222 a pulley 222a having a diameter of 8 mm and a width of 4 mm was used.
- a roller-like rotor electrode 232 a roller 232a having a diameter of 6 mm and a width of 3 mm was used.
- silk fibers are immersed in a conductor solution containing PEDOT-PSS accommodated in an immersion container, and this is pulled up vertically at the winding portion. It was. At this time, using a comb-like electrode as shown in FIG. 14, the silk fibers were alternately sandwiched from both sides by a plurality of comb teeth, and energization was performed while pulling up the silk fibers.
- a DC power supply of 20 ⁇ A and 18 V was supplied to the comb-like electrode using a DC stabilized power supply (manufactured by Kikusui Electronics Co., Ltd .: PAB18-5.5), and polymerization fixation was performed in the longitudinal direction of the silk fiber at 10 mm.
- a DC stabilized power supply manufactured by Kikusui Electronics Co., Ltd .: PAB18-5.5
- polymerization fixation was performed in the longitudinal direction of the silk fiber at 10 mm.
- an electric quantity of 3 to 6 mC electric flux density: 5.85 to 9.95 ⁇ 10 4 C / .
- a “digital multimeter manufactured by Iwasaki Tsushinki Co., Ltd .: VOAC 7511
- the fiber resistance and electrical conductivity are measured with a resistance meter “DM2561 (manufactured by NF Circuit Design Block)” at a direct current of 350 mA and a fiber length of 10 mm. did.
- a nano clip manufactured by Stack Electronics Co., Ltd. was used as a fiber gripping and gripping jig.
- the measurement at this time was performed in a dry state (a state not containing water), and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
- Example 1 shows Example 2-1 and Comparative Example 1 shows Comparative Example 1-1.
- the obtained conductive polymer fiber was observed with a stereomicroscope to visually check the covering state of the conductor containing PEDOT-PSS, and the photograph at that time is shown in FIG. 17A.
- the state of the obtained conductive polymer fiber after being immersed in physiological saline (0.9% NaCl solution: 20 ° C.) for one month was photographed with a stereoscopic microscope image (using Leica SZ). The water resistance was evaluated, and the photograph is shown in FIG. 18A.
- Example 2-2 In the present example, the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. 13 was operated under the same conditions and procedures as in Example 2-1 except that energization was performed using comb-like electrodes 221 and 231 as shown in FIG. Conductive polymer fibers were prepared. At this time, the comb-like electrodes 221 and 231 used had a comb-teeth distance (inter-electrode distance) of the plurality of comb teeth 221a and 231a of 10 mm.
- the obtained conductive polymer fiber was observed with a stereomicroscope to visually check the covering state of the conductor containing PEDOT-PSS, and the photograph at that time is shown in FIG. 17B.
- Example 2-1 In the comparative example, the outer peripheral portion of the silk fiber was subjected to the same conditions and procedures as in Example 2-1 except that the conductor was fixed to the silk fiber (base fiber) by a conventional chemical fixing method. And the conductive polymer fiber by which the conductor containing PEDOT-PSS was fixed inside the fiber bundle which consists of the said silk fiber was produced. And by the method similar to the above, about the obtained conductive polymer fiber, the fiber resistance and electrical conductivity were measured, and the result was shown in Table 2.
- Example 2-1 water resistance was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2-1, and a photograph taken as a stereoscopic microscope image is shown in FIG. 18B.
- Example 2 [Evaluation results] As shown in Table 2, using the production apparatus according to the present invention, a conductor containing PEDOT-PSS was electrochemically polymerized and fixed on silk fibers (base fiber) by the production method defined in the present invention.
- the conductive polymer fiber of Example 1 has a low fiber resistance, regardless of the presence or absence of additives, compared to the conductive polymer fiber of the comparative example produced by a chemical fixing method using a conventional production apparatus, It was revealed that excellent conductivity can be obtained. Further, as shown in the photograph of FIG. 17A, the conductive polymer fiber obtained in Example 2-1 is a conductive polymer that produces PEDOT-PSS up to the surface of the silk fiber and the inside of the fiber bundle.
- the body is uniformly coated and the conductor is fixed without exposing the silk fibers.
- the conductive polymer fiber obtained in Example 2-1 is a surface of the silk fiber and the fiber bundle after the water resistance test for one month. It was confirmed that the state in which the conductor was covered to the inside (black color on the surface of the silk fiber) was maintained.
- the conductive polymer fiber produced using the conventional chemical fixing method has higher fiber resistance than the conductive polymer fiber of Example 2-1, and the conductivity is also high. It became clear that it was low.
- the conductive polymer fiber obtained in Comparative Example 2-1 had a silk fiber exposed state (white color on the surface of the silk fiber) after a water resistance test for one month. It was confirmed that most of the conductor was peeled off and lost.
- the conductive polymer fiber obtained using the comb-like electrode in Example 2-2 is the conductive high fiber of Example 1 manufactured using the rotor electrode. It was confirmed that part of the surface of the silk fiber was exposed as compared with the molecular fiber. This is because the conductor peels off due to contact with some of the comb teeth (metal bar electrodes) when energized while pulling up vertically using the comb-like electrodes. Since the coverage of the silk fiber surface is higher than that of molecular fibers, it is considered to be superior in both fiber resistance and electrical conductivity as compared with conventional products.
- Example 3-1 Comb Electrode for EEG Silk fiber bundle (Fujix Co., Ltd., tire No. 9, fiber diameter of about 280 ⁇ m) before converting to composite fiber is used. It was immersed in a 1% added solution. Subsequently, the silk fiber bundle was energized, and PEDOT-PSS was electrochemically fixed on the surface and inside of the silk fiber bundle to produce a conductive composite fiber of the silk fiber bundle and PEDOT-PSS.
- FIGS. 19A to 19D Four conductive composite fiber bundles were bundled and fixed to a comb-shaped polystyrene arch-shaped frame (four locations, 16 in total) to obtain a comb-shaped bioelectrode 10 shown in FIGS. 19A to 19D.
- a signal cable for an electroencephalogram measuring apparatus manufactured by Nihon Koden Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used as the signal cable 314 to be joined to the contact 311 made of a conductive conjugate fiber.
- the signal cable coating was peeled 1 cm to expose the copper wire, and a conductive composite fiber was wound around and ligated.
- the joint between the conductive conjugate fiber and the signal cable was insulated with an ethylene vinyl alcohol adhesive.
- the joint portion was fixed to the frame end together with the signal cable.
- glycerol Prior to the use of the bioelectrode in the electroencephalogram measurement, glycerol was impregnated into the contact 311 (conductive composite fiber). By impregnating with glycerol, the conductivity and water resistance of the conductive composite fiber are improved, the flexibility of the fiber is improved, a good contact between the contact 311 and the scalp is obtained, and the stable measurement of the electroencephalogram is possible. It becomes possible.
- the bioelectrode 310 produced in this example has a width of 12 mm, a length of 35 mm, a thickness of 6 mm, a comb tip portion thickness of 2 mm, and a weight of 1.1 g (only the electrode portion does not include the cable weight), and is thin and lightweight. Has been. Furthermore, since it has a comb shape, the biological electrode 310 can be hidden and attached under the hair.
- Example 3-2 Hairpin Electroencephalogram Electrode
- a 3.5cm long hairpin hair stopper was used as the frame.
- the hairpin is made of steel, and the surface thereof is painted with urethane resin.
- An EEG measurement signal cable (manufactured by Nihon Kohden Co., Ltd.) was stripped 3 cm, and a conductive composite fiber was wound twice on the exposed copper wire to form a contactor having a thickness of about 1 mm (FIG. 21C).
- Two contactors were fixed to both ends of the U-shaped frame of the hairpin through an ethylene vinyl support to obtain a hairpin-shaped bioelectrode 320 shown in FIGS. 20A to 20D.
- Bioelectrode 320 manufactured in this embodiment is the length 35mm width 2-5mm height 3mm size and weight 0.5 g (not including cable weight only electrode portions).
- the electrode itself can hold the hair, so that it can be fixed independently, and a holder such as a stretchable net may or may not be used. .
- FIG. 23A shows the human brain wave measured using the hairpin-shaped electrode for electroencephalogram of Example 3-2.
- the hairpin-shaped electrodes of Example 3-2 were placed on C3 and C4 as the related electrodes.
- a silver-silver chloride dish electrode (for NE134A Nihon Kohden Co., Ltd.'s collodion electrode) is fixed to the auricles on both sides (tape) with tape using absorbent cotton soaked in physiological saline. Installed. No pretreatment such as degreasing and exfoliation was performed on the skin on which the electrode was placed.
- 23A shows a waveform obtained by measuring an electroencephalogram during awakening of an adult male in a normal laboratory under the conditions of a low-frequency cutoff filter 1 Hz and a high-frequency cutoff filter 20 Hz using a MEB5504 manufactured by Nihon Kohden Corporation.
- the horizontal axis of the figure is 400 ms / div, and the vertical axis is 50 ⁇ V / div.
- FIG. 23B shows the auditory brainstem response (evoked potential) of an adult male measured using the hairpin-shaped electroencephalogram electrode of Example 3-2.
- the measurement equipment used (MEB5504 manufactured by Nihon Kohden Co., Ltd.) and the installation of the electrodes are the same as the electroencephalogram measurement in FIG. 23A.
- a 90 db click sound was input from both headphones to the ears, and an average of 1000 times was performed according to the standard setting of the auditory evoked potential.
- the horizontal axis of the figure is 1 ms / div
- the vertical axis is 0.2 ⁇ V / div. From the evoked potential waveform measured under the conditions of the low-frequency cutoff filter 1 Hz and the high-frequency cutoff filter 200 Hz, it is shown that the bioelectrode of the embodiment of the present invention can be used for evoked potential measurement.
- Example 3-3 Electrocardiogram electrode
- the following three types of electrodes 1 to 3 are placed on the body surface of the same experimental animal (rat), and an electrocardiogram is measured simultaneously. Waveform comparison was performed.
- -Electrode 1 electrode according to the second embodiment of the present invention
- a contactor in which 30 fibers (12 mm in length) impregnated with glycerol in conductive composite fibers produced in the same manner as in Example 3-1 were arranged. It was placed on the surface of the rat body and fixed by the following two methods.
- Electrode 2 (conventional type): An electrode (F120S, manufactured by Nihon Koden Kogyo Co., Ltd.) obtained by applying a conductive gel to a silver-silver chloride electrode was placed on the surface of the rat body, and fixed by the following two methods.
- Electrode 3 (conventional textile electrode); a commercially available sports heart rate meter electrode (trade name: Smart Fabric Sensor, WearLink + strap electrode), manufactured by Polar Co. It was installed on the body surface and fixed by the following two methods.
- the skin on the back of the chest of the rat was shaved and the skin was washed with disinfecting ethanol, and then the above three types of bioelectrodes (electrodes 1 to 3) were placed on the left chest back and the right chest back, respectively. In each part, the installation sites of the electrodes 1 to 3 were as close as possible.
- an indifferent electrode body earth
- a medical bioelectrode F-150S, manufactured by Nihon Kohden Co., Ltd.
- Signals obtained from each bioelectrode were analyzed by a measuring instrument (Polymate AP1124, manufactured by TEAC Corporation).
- each electrode was fixed by two kinds of fixing methods (stretchable band or tape) and measured.
- the measurement results are shown in FIG. First, when an electrode pad configured by placing a PVC sheet substrate on each electrode is pressed and fixed with an elastic band, the signals obtained from the three types of electrodes are almost the same, and signals can be recorded stably. It was.
- a medical adhesive tape Siliconky Pore (registered trademark)
- a stable signal is output from the electrode 1 and the electrode 2 in both the resting state and the body movement state of the rat. Recorded.
- the base line was shaken by body movement, and hum noise was mixed. From the above results, it is apparent that the stability of the signal measured by the electrode 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is similar to the medical electrode 2 and is superior to the textile electrode 3.
- Example 3-4 Adjustment of skin humidity
- a change in skin moisture amount due to the stuffiness of the skin to which the bioelectrode was applied was measured with a skin moisture measuring device (Corneometer), and the conventional bioelectrode and the bioelectrode according to the second embodiment of the present invention were applied for 6 hours. Later skin moisture was compared. Human adult male forearm skin was used as the measurement site. The subject performed desk work such as a personal computer in an environment of room temperature 26 degrees and humidity 40%. The skin moisture content at each electrode application site before and 6 hours after application of each electrode was measured with a skin moisture measurement device (TK59823, manufactured by Courage + Khazaka electronic, Germany). The measurement results are shown in FIG.
- TK59823 manufactured by Courage + Khazaka electronic, Germany
- the result B (+ 13.7%) is a result of using the bioelectrode according to the second embodiment of the present invention provided with an opening for ventilation on the sheet substrate, and the result C (+ 15%) is provided with an opening.
- the result is the result using the same bioelectrode as the result B except that there is no result, the result D (+ 32.3%) is the result using the conventional bioelectrode coated with adhesive gel, and the result E (+ 54.4%) is It is the result of using a conventional bioelectrode using a highly adhesive pad as a sheet substrate.
- the results in the parentheses indicate the rate of increase in the amount of moisture at the site where each electrode is applied, assuming that the amount of moisture before mounting the electrodes is 100%.
- Electrodes B to E corresponding to each result are as follows.
- a conductive composite fiber produced in the same manner as in Example 3-1 was impregnated with glycerol, and 30 pieces of 20 ⁇ 30 mm PVC sheet-like substrates were juxtaposed to constitute a 7 ⁇ 12 mm contact, as shown in FIG. 25A It is a bioelectrode.
- the sheet-like substrate provided two openings of the area of 20 mm 2, and fixed to the skin surface by the adhesive agent applied on PVC sheet made surfaces.
- the electrode C has the same configuration as the electrode B except that a sheet-like substrate having no opening is used.
- the electrode D is a silver-silver chloride medical bioelectrode (F120S, 18 ⁇ 35 mm, manufactured by Nihon Kohden Co., Ltd.) using a conductive adhesive gel.
- Electrode E is a silver-silver chloride medical bioelectrode (M150, Nihon Kohden Co., Ltd., diameter 40 mm) using a highly adhesive foam pad.
- the bioelectrodes B to D were used in a state of being autonomously fixed to the subject's forearm.
- the skin moisture content of the conventional electrode D using the adhesive gel increased to + 32.3%
- the skin moisture content of the conventional electrode E using the highly adhesive foam pad increased to + 54.4%.
- the skin moisture content of electrode B (with openings) using conductive composite fibers increased by + 13.7%
- the skin moisture content of electrode C (without openings) increased by + 15.0%. I stayed at.
- the electrode according to the second embodiment of the present invention is less stuffy than the conventional electrode. Furthermore, the increase (increase) in the amount of skin moisture was suppressed lower in the electrode B provided with the opening in the sheet-like substrate than in the electrode C without the opening, and the humidity reduction effect due to the opening was recognized.
- Example 3-5 Comparison of electrical characteristics of bioelectrode
- Comparison of bioresistor and skin synthetic resistance The following three types of bioelectrodes 4 to 6 were placed on the human forearm skin with an electrode spacing of 5 cm. Measured under the conditions of 10 Hz and sine wave. The measurement results are shown in the table below the resistance ratio normalized by the electrode area, with the result of the following electrode 4 being “1”. The contact area and impedance of each electrode are also shown. From the above results, it was shown that the impedance per area of the bioelectrode 4 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is the lowest. It should be noted that the impedance of the sports bioelectrode 6 when the contact surface is in a dry state is very high and cannot be measured by the measuring instrument used.
- the electrode 4 (main electrode) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and a 12 mm ⁇ 7 mm contact element in which 15 conductive composite fibers impregnated with glycerol were juxtaposed on a PVC sheet-like substrate by the method of the second embodiment. It is a fixed bioelectrode. Electrode 4 was placed on the surface of human forearm skin and fixed with an elastic band. At this time, the contact area between the surface of the human forearm skin and the contact portion constituted by the contactor was 84 mm 2 (7 ⁇ 12 mm).
- Electrode 6 (conventional type): An electrode (Vitrode F 150S, manufactured by Nihon Kohden Kogyo Co., Ltd.) coated with a conductive gel on a silver-silver chloride electrode is placed on the skin surface, and the sheet-like substrate used for electrode 4 is And fixed with an elastic band. At this time, the contact area between the surface of the human forearm skin and the electrode 5 was 630 mm 2 .
- Electrode 6 (conventional sports bioelectrode); a commercially available sports heart rate meter with a silver-coated nylon fiber woven fabric (Smart Fabric Sensor, WearLink + strap electrode), manufactured by Polar was placed on the skin surface and fixed with an elastic band. At this time, the contact area between the surface of the human forearm skin and the electrode 6 was 600 mm 2 . Below, the result of having measured the synthetic resistance of each bioelectrode and skin is shown.
- the electrode 7 (main electrode) is a contact made of a conductive composite fiber having a length of 2 cm, which was produced in the same manner as in Example 3-1, and impregnated with glycerol.
- the electrode 8 is an electrode (2 cm in length) obtained by impregnating a silk fiber (fiber diameter 280 microns) constituting the electrode 7 with a 0.9% sodium chloride electrolyte solution. Below, the result of having measured the frequency characteristic of each electrode is shown.
- Example 4-1 (Production of implantable electrodes using conductive composite fibers)
- Silk fiber bundle (Fujix Co., Ltd., tire No. 9, fiber diameter of about 280 ⁇ m) before converting to composite fiber is PEDOT-PSS (Clevios P, made by Heraeus, Germany) and EDOT (made by Heraeus, Germany) is 0. It was immersed in a 1% added solution. Subsequently, a conductive composite fiber of the silk fiber bundle and PEDOT-PSS is obtained by energizing the silk fiber bundle using a comb-shaped electrode and electrochemically fixing PEDOT-PSS on the surface and inside of the silk fiber bundle. Got a bunch.
- the coating of 500 to 2000 microns on the tip of the conductive conjugate fiber bundle was peeled off to expose the tip of the conductive conjugate fiber bundle.
- a mold electrode was produced.
- a silver-silver chloride wire was placed on the cortex as a reference electrode, and a silver-silver chloride wire was placed under the skull as a body ground.
- the measured signal was recorded and analyzed by dedicated software (Open EX, open explorer TDT).
- the water absorption of the composite material composed of PEDOT-PSS and silk fibers is moderate.
- the expansion of the fiber is clearly recognized after about 30 seconds after the start of the immersion. If the conductive composite fiber bundle is inserted into a living tissue at a high speed (for a short time (for example, within 1 second), the PEDOT-PSS expands due to water absorption before the strength is further reduced.
- the implantable electrode having a fiber bundle can be placed in the body.
- the conductive composite fiber containing PEDOT-PSS placed in the tissue gradually absorbs the body fluid (extracellular fluid or cerebrospinal fluid) and expands. In close contact with the surrounding tissue. Further, when water was absorbed, the bonded portion of the conductive conjugate fiber and the guide needle was peeled off, and the electrode of the conductive conjugate fiber was separated from the guide needle. Thereafter, the guide needle was removed by a micromanipulator, and the conductive composite fiber bundle as the main body of the electrode was placed in the tissue.
- body fluid extracellular fluid or cerebrospinal fluid
- the implantable electrode having a fiber diameter of 200 microns and a fiber length of 1 mm was installed at a position of 2 mm in depth at two locations of the left barrel cortex in the rat brain. At this time, the distance between the electrodes was 2 mm.
- the action potential of the rat cerebral cortex (barrel cortex) recorded by the electrode is shown in FIG. 35A.
- the upper graph and the lower graph are signals detected by two installed electrodes, respectively. Burst collective action potentials were recorded from two placed electrodes by mechanical stimulation of the rat's right heel.
- a synchronized collective potential ( ⁇ : arrow) and an asynchronous collective potential ( ⁇ mark) were recognized in the waveforms of the two electrodes.
- Example 4-2 (Production of implantable electrodes) A conductive composite fiber bundle (length 3 mm, wire diameter 50 microns) produced in the same manner as in Example 4-1, was immersed in glycerol, and the fibers were impregnated with glycerol. An insertion guide thread was bonded to one end of the obtained conductive composite fiber bundle. A nylon monofilament suture thread with a bending needle for microsurgery (thickness: 10-0, manufactured by S & T) was used as an insertion guide thread.
- the other end of the conductive composite fiber bundle is fixed by winding a bare wire excluding the insulation coating of gold wire (X wire, manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and the fixing part is PDMS (trade name: Sylgard 184) And manufactured by Toray Dow Corning).
- Example 4-3 (Record of ECG of rat) An electrocardiogram of a rat was recorded using a conductive composite fiber bundle (length 20 mm, wire diameter 280 microns) produced in the same manner as in Example 4-1. Under isoflurane anesthesia, the implantable electrode was placed in the subcutaneous tissue by ligating the conductive composite fiber bundle to three subdermal tissue layers of the rat right front chest, left front chest, and season. A conductive composite fiber bundle constituting the electrode was connected to a signal cable of a preamplifier of a polygraph (AP1124, manufactured by TEAC Corporation) via a metal wire covered with an insulating and water-resistant polymer. An electrocardiogram (bipolar induction) (Scale bar 1 second 50 mV) of a rat recorded at a sampling frequency of 1 kHz is shown in FIG. 35C.
- Example 4-4 Drug delivery using implantable bioelectrode
- a silicone bag storing a drug solution was connected as a reservoir to one end of a conductive composite fiber bundle produced in the same manner as in Example 1, but made relatively long.
- PDMS trade name: Sylgard 184, manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd.
- a PDMS tube constituted the outer shell of the transport path.
- a test conductive composite fiber bundle was prepared and a drug transport test was performed.
- a conductive composite fiber bundle (length 20 mm, wire diameter 280 microns) produced by the same method as in Example 4-1, was coated with PDMS over a length of 5 mm, and the conductive composite fiber bundle One end is immersed in a chamber containing 1 mL of physiological saline containing 100 ⁇ M of Lucifer Yellow, a fluorescent substance, and the other end is put into a dish containing 0.5 mL of normal physiological saline (without fluorescent substance) did.
- the liquid level in the chamber containing Lucifer Yellow was set to be 5 mm higher than that in the dish containing normal physiological saline. These were allowed to stand in a 37 ° C. constant temperature, and the concentration of lucifer yellow contained in the physiological saline in the dish was measured on the 0th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 7th days after installation.
- a fluorescence intensity measuring device multi-label counter, ALVO SX1420, manufactured by Perkin Elmer
- Lucifer Yellow was transported from the chamber to the dish through the conductive composite fiber bundle, the concentration of Lucifer Yellow in the dish increased at a rate of 0.17 ⁇ M / day. This result shows that Lucifer Yellow permeates (permeates and moves) the conductive conjugate fiber at a constant speed (FIG. 36, plot of ⁇ and dotted line).
- Example 4-5 In the same manner as in Example 4-4, a conductive composite fiber bundle having a central portion coated with PDMS was prepared. However, before coating with PDMS, the conductive composite fiber bundle was impregnated with glycerol. Using this conductive conjugate fiber bundle, the drug transport rate was measured in the same manner as in Example 4-4. As a result, the concentration of lucifer yellow in the dish increased at a rate of 6.7 ⁇ M / day (see plots in FIG. 36 and ⁇ ). And solid line). From this result, it was shown that the drug transport rate is increased by adding glycerol to the conductive composite fiber.
- PDMS penetrates into the inside of the conductive composite fiber bundle when the conductive composite fiber bundle is coated with PDMS. It is conceivable that glycerol prevents (soaks in) and the state of the flow path constituted by the conductive conjugate fiber bundle is maintained in a state suitable for drug transport.
- Example 4-6 Evaluation of invasiveness to the central nervous system by electrodes Due to the implantation of bioelectrodes in the central nervous system tissue, permanent damage to the area of the central nervous system tissue that is larger than the size of the electrode has become a problem in the past. There is a need for a solution.
- the effect of reducing damage to the central nervous tissue through the flow path (drug transport path) of the electrode after the implantation of the in-vivo implantable electrode produced in Example 4-4 according to the present invention into the brain It was examined by animal experiments whether or not the drug (GSNO: S-Nitrosoglutathione) can reduce the damage (invasion) given to the central nervous tissue by the implantation of the electrode (FIGS. 34B to 34D).
- GSNO S-Nitrosoglutathione
- the degree of damage to the nerve tissue due to the insertion (insertion) of the electrode into the rat brain was evaluated by immunohistological staining of glial cells (astrocytes) in the rat cerebral cortex and the degree of nerve tissue deficiency. Immunohistochemical staining was performed as follows. A 25-micron frozen section was prepared from cerebral cortex fixed by refluxing with 4% paraformaldehyde, anti-GFAP antibody (MAB360 Chemicon) was bound at 1: 1000 dilution, 4 °C, overnight conditions, and secondary antibody (Alexa 568) and observed with a fluorescence microscope (BX51, manufactured by Olympus Corporation).
- a conventional metal needle electrode was implanted in the rat brain, and the cerebral cortex after one week was observed with a fluorescence microscope. As shown in FIG. 34D, it exceeded the implanted portion (dotted line region) of the metal needle electrode. A noticeable tissue defect (black area) occurred. GFAP-positive glial cells (astrocytes) proliferated in the nerve tissue ( ⁇ in FIG. 34D). In particular, glial cells grew densely in the area in contact with the electrode, forming a glial scar (arrow in FIG. 34D). Thus, on the 7th day after electrode implantation, significant tissue defects, formation of glial scars (arrows), and glial cell populations ( ⁇ ) were observed.
- the collective action potential of the rat cerebral cortex was measured using a conventional metal needle electrode placed in this manner. Measurements were made on the 1st and 7th days after electrode implantation. The result is shown in the lower part (Conventional) of FIG. 34A (Scale bar 250ms 40mV). The measurement signal on the first day was good, but on the seventh day, the measurement waveform was reduced and spikes were missing (arrows).
- Day 1 is a measurement record on the first day after electrode implantation
- Day 7 is a measurement record on the seventh day after electrode implantation. Arrows indicate missing spikes.
- an anti-inflammatory agent (GSNO) was added at 15 ⁇ g / day per 250 g body weight via the drug transport route of the electrode. Administered. The speed of drug transport was adjusted by a small osmotic pump (manufactured by Alzette, USA) connected to the drug transport path.
- the tissue defect was smaller than that of the conventional electrode, and the tissue defect was limited to the electrode installation portion (dotted line region) (FIG. 34C).
- the proliferation of glial cells in the nerve tissue was mild, and no clear glial scar was observed at the contact portion with the electrode (FIG.
- FIG. 34C shows a fluorescent immunostained image of glial cells of normal cerebral cortex in which no electrode is embedded.
- the collective action potential of the cerebral cortex of the rat was measured using the electrode of Example 4 according to the present invention installed as described above. Measurements were made on the 1st and 7th days after electrode implantation. The results are shown in the upper part (PEDOT-PSS) of FIG. 34A (Scale bar 250 ms 40 mV). Good waveforms were observed for both the first and seventh day measurement signals.
- the present invention can provide a conductive polymer fiber excellent in conductivity, strength in a dry state and wet state, and flexibility, and a bioelectrode provided with the same.
- Conductive polymer fibers excellent in conductivity and durability can be produced with high productivity by impregnating or adhering a conductor containing PEDOT-PSS onto the base fiber and electrochemically polymerizing and fixing it continuously.
- a conductive polymer fiber manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus capable of performing the above.
- the bioelectrode according to the present invention can be widely used as a body surface-mounted bioelectrode that can be used continuously for a long time in a wide range of fields such as medical treatment, health promotion, information technology, and wearable computers.
- the implantable electrode according to the present invention can be widely used as an implantable bioelectrode in a wide range of fields such as medical treatment, health promotion, information technology, and wearable computers. More specifically, it can be used for, for example, electrical stimulation treatment such as deep brain stimulation, implantable nerve activity recording electrodes, brain machine interfaces, and the like. A weak electrical signal in a living body can be detected, and an implantable electrode that has excellent biocompatibility and low invasiveness to living tissue can be provided.
- Electrode pad 339 ... Amplifier (external device) B ... Body (trunk) T ... Underwear (Shirt) 401 ... Conductive composite fiber bundle 402 ... Electric wire (metal conductor) 403 ... Connection section 404 ... Polymer 405 ... Needle (guide needle) 406 ... Thread 407 ... Reservoir 408 ... Chamber 409 ... Tube connectors 410, 420, 430, 440 ... Implantable electrodes N '... Nerve cord
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年11月17日に日本に出願された特願2011-251524号、2012年8月24日に日本に出願された特願2012-185343号、2012年8月29日に日本に出願された特願2012-189102号、及び、2012年9月26日に日本に出願された特願2012-212998号、に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
近年では、生体への適合性が良い材料として、導電性及び親水性が特に優れた導電性高分子であるPEDOT-PSS{ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)-ポリ(スチレンスルホン酸)}の水溶液を、アセトンの凝固浴槽へ、ノズルから押し出すことによって糸状に成形した導電性繊維の開発が進められている。そして、その実用化も検討されている(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。
衣料品は使用時に雨や汗による水濡れが発生する可能性がある。生体電極やバイオインターフェースは、その使用環境が、本来、高湿度である。従って、これらの幅広い用途に導電性及び親水性に優れたPEDOT-PSSを活用するために、上記問題の解決が求められていた。
このように、電解質ゲル又はペーストに頼った既存の生体電極の構成は、装着感が不良であり、電極のさらなる小型化や高密度化を困難にしている。
特に生体電極と生体組織の境界部に生じる機械的なストレスによって炎症が生じ、組織が障害(侵襲)されることが問題となっている。
本発明の第一から四の態様は、上記従来の問題点に鑑みて、また本発明者の様々な検討によりなされたものである。本発明において、第一の態様の導電性高分子繊維は、第二の態様の装置や製法で好ましく製造されることができる。また第三や四の態様の電極や装置は、第一の態様の導電性高分子繊維を好ましく使用することができる。
(第一の態様)
本発明の第一の態様は、以下の導電性高分子繊維を提供する。
I-(1): 本発明の第一の態様の導電性高分子繊維は、基材繊維に、導電性高分子を含む導電体が含浸及び/又は付着されてなり、前記導電性高分子がPEDOT-PSSであることを特徴とする。
I-(2): 上記の導電性高分子繊維は、前記導電体は、添加剤としてグリセロール、ポリエチレングリコール‐ポリプロピレングリコールコポリマー、エチレングリコール、ソルビトール、スフィンゴシン又はホスファチジルコリンを含有する。
本発明の第二の態様は、以下の導電性高分子繊維の製造方法及び装置を提供する。
II-(1): 本発明の導電性高分子繊維の製造方法は、糸状、紐状、布状又はリボン状の繊維束からなる絶縁性の基材繊維を、導電性高分子としてPEDOT-PSS{ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)-ポリ(スチレンスルホン酸)}を含む導電体の溶液に浸漬することにより、前記基材繊維に前記導電体を含浸及び/又は付着させる浸漬工程と、前記基材繊維を前記導電体の溶液から垂直に引き上げながら電極間で走行させて通電することにより、前記基材繊維に含浸及び/又は付着した前記導電体を電気化学的に重合固定する固定工程と、前記導電体が重合固定された前記基材繊維を送風乾燥する乾燥工程と、を順次備えてなり、さらに、前記浸漬工程、前記固定工程及び前記乾燥工程の各々を、雰囲気湿度を調湿しながら行うことを特徴とする。
なお、ここで言う電極とは、単数(単極)の電極の他、複数の電極の構成も含む。
上記第二の態様のII-(1)は、以下の特徴を有することも好ましい。
具体的には、前記固定工程に関して、前記電極として複数の電極を用い、且つ、前記複数の電極が、前記基材繊維の長手方向で複数備えられた櫛歯を有する櫛歯状電極とされており、前記櫛歯状電極は、前記基材繊維の径方向両側から前記基材繊維を挟み込むように配置されているとともに、前記複数の櫛歯が、前記基材繊維の径方向両側から、前記基材繊維の長手方向で各々交互に組み合わせられるように配置されており、前記基材繊維に対して、径方向両側から前記櫛歯状電極に備えられる前記複数の櫛歯を押し当てつつガイドしながら、前記基材繊維を走行させて通電する方法としても良い。
II-(5): 本発明の第二の態様の導電性高分子繊維の製造装置は、導電性高分子としてPEDOT-PSS{ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)-ポリ(スチレンスルホン酸)}を含む導電体の溶液が内部に収容され、糸状、紐状、布状又はリボン状の繊維束からなる絶縁性の基材繊維を前記導電体の溶液に浸漬させることで、前記基材繊維に前記導電体を含浸及び/又は付着させるための浸漬容器と、前記基材繊維を前記浸漬容器に収容された前記導電体の溶液から垂直に引き上げるための巻き取り部と、前記垂直に引き上げられる基材繊維を走行させながら通電することで、前記基材繊維に含浸及び/又は付着した前記導電体を電気化学的に重合固定する電極と、前記導電体が重合固定された前記基材繊維に向けて送風することで乾燥させるための乾燥部と、前記基材繊維の近傍における雰囲気湿度を調整するための調湿部と、を具備してなることを特徴とする。
II-(6): 前記電極が複数の電極からなり、且つ、前記複数の電極が、前記基材繊維の長手方向で複数備えられた櫛歯を有する櫛歯状電極であり、前記櫛歯状電極は、前記基材繊維の径方向両側から前記基材繊維を挟み込むように配置されるとともに、前記複数の櫛歯が、前記基材繊維の径方向両側から、前記基材繊維の長手方向で各々交互に組み合わせられるように配置されており、前記櫛歯状電極に備えられる前記複数の櫛歯を、前記基材繊維の径方向両側から押し当てつつガイドしながら、前記基材繊維を走行させて通電する構成を採用することも好ましい。
本発明の第三の態様は、以下の生体電極を提供する。
III-(1): 導電性高分子を含有する導電性複合繊維を用いたことを特徴とする生体電極である。
上記生体電極は以下の特徴を有することも好ましい。
III-(8): 前記III-(1)~(7)のいずれか一に記載の生体電極が備えられたことを特徴とする生体信号測定装置である。
本発明の第四の態様は以下の電極を提供する。
IV-(1): 導電性高分子を含有する導電性複合繊維を備えたことを特徴とする体内埋め込み型電極。
本発明の体内埋め込み型電極は以下の特徴を有することも好ましい。
BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor)、SKF96365、Cilostazol、Gadolinium、NT3 (Neurotrophin-3), GSNO (S-Nitrosoglutathione)、マグネシウム(Magnesium)、TRIM (1-(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole)、 EGTA(ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid)、又はRuthenium Redのいずれか1種以上の薬物を含む溶液を入れることにより、前記被覆が施された前記導電性複合繊維の前記一端部から前記他端部へ前記溶液を浸透させることができる。すなわち、生体組織内において前記他端部から前記溶液を放出し、前記導電性複合繊維の周囲に局所的に前記溶液に含まれる薬物等を投与することができる。
(第一の態様の効果)
本発明の第一の態様によれば、導電性、乾燥状態及び湿潤状態における強度、並びに柔軟性に優れた導電性高分子繊維と、それを備えた生体電極を提供することができる。
本発明のI-(1)に記載の導電性高分子繊維によれば、基材繊維が有する高い強度及び柔軟性と、導電性高分子であるPEDOT-PSSが有する導電性及び親水性とを併せ持つ繊維が得られる。
I-(2)の構成によれば、添加剤がPEDOT-PSSの吸水を抑制し、湿潤状態になることによる強度の低下を防ぐことができるので、導電性高分子繊維がより高強度の繊維となる。
I-(3)の構成によれば、導電体が基材繊維の周囲を被覆することにより、導電性高分子繊維の導電性がより高まるとともに、複数の導電性高分子繊維を接触させて導通させることがより容易となる。
I-(4)の構成によれば、基材繊維内に導電体が含浸されているため、導電体と基材繊維とが分離する恐れが無く、優れた長期信頼性を有する繊維となる。
I-(5)の構成によれば、導電性高分子繊維の内部及び周囲の導電体に挟まれて金属又はカーボンが配されているので、より一層高い導電性を有する繊維となる。また、金属又はカーボンが繊維表面に露出していないため、金属又はカーボンの腐食や劣化が防止される。
I-(6)の構成によれば、導電体が基材繊維の周囲を被覆することにより、導電性高分子繊維の導電性がより高まるとともに、複数の導電性高分子繊維を接触させて導通させることがより容易となる。
I-(7)の構成によれば、絶縁層によって導電性高分子繊維が保護されるので、耐久性に優れた繊維となる。
本発明のI-(8)の生体電極によれば、導電性、乾燥状態及び湿潤状態における強度に優れ、さらに柔軟性にも優れる導電性高分子繊維を備えているため、生体の体表面や体内に設置する箇所の自由度が高く、設置作業時の作業性に優れ、電気的な測定を充分に行うことが可能であり、さらに比較的長期間の測定が可能となる。
本発明の第二の態様によれば、以下の効果を得ることができる。
本発明の第二の態様によれば、本発明の導電性高分子繊維の製造方法によれば、上述のように、PEDOT-PSSを含む導電体が含浸及び/又は付着した基材繊維を、導電体溶液から垂直に引き上げながら、単数又は複数の電極間で走行させて通電する方法を採用している。これにより、基材繊維に導電体を電気化学的に重合固定する工程を、一段階の工程で連続的に行うことができるので、生産性が向上する。さらに、基材繊維を垂直に引き上げながら電極間で走行させることで、基材繊維に重合固定する導電体を均等に分散させ、偏在を防止できる。従って、生体適合性が高く良好な均質性を備え、導電性と耐久性に優れた導電性高分子繊維を、生産性良く製造することが可能となる。
より具体的に説明すれば以下の効果を得ることができる。
第二の態様のII-(1)から(8)によれば、以下の効果を得ることができる。
さらに、この構成によれば、基材繊維を垂直に引き上げながら電極間を走行させることで、基材繊維に重合固定する導電体を均等に分散させ、偏在を防止できるので、導電性と耐久性に優れた導電性高分子繊維が得られる。
またこのる構成によれば、基材繊維の長手方向で複数備えられた櫛歯を有する櫛歯状電極を用い、複数の櫛歯が、基材繊維の径方向両側から、基材繊維の長手方向で各々交互に組み合わせられるように配置されているので、基材繊維が複数の櫛歯に対して繰り返し接触して通電されることにより、基材繊維への導電体の重合固定効率を高めることができる。
本発明の第三の態様によれば、以下の効果を得ることができる。
本発明の上記第三の態様の体表面装着型の生体電極は、導電性高分子と柔軟な繊維素材を複合させた複合繊維を備えている。このため、生体表面に対する設置性が従来よりも向上し、電極の小型化、皮膚との接触面積の縮小化が可能である。また、本発明の生体電極は柔軟な繊維素材によって構成されているため、装着時に皮膚へ与える刺激が少なく、装着中の違和感を生じにくい。さらに、本発明の生体電極を構成する複合繊維は皮膚に対して適度な吸着性を有するため、従来の生体電極のように高粘着性のゲル又はテープ等によって皮膚及び電極を密閉する必要がない。すなわち、本発明の生体電極によれば、被験者(装着者)の負担を低減し、快適な装着感を提供することができる。
より具体的に説明すれば以下の効果を得ることができる。
III-(1)の生体電極は、導電性、柔軟性及び優れた引っ張り強度を有する導電性複合繊維を用いているため、従来の生体電極と比べて、装着した時の不快感や装着者へのダメージが少なく、単位面積あたりの電極抵抗が小さく、精密な生体信号の伝達が可能であり、さらに小型化、軽量化に適している。
III-(2)では、前記接触子の形状が皮膚又は生体表面への接触に適しているため、より精密な生体信号の伝達が可能である。また、装着者への不快感やダメージがより低減される。
III-(3)では、前記生体電極が上記構成を有する接触子を備えることにより、前記接触子及び生体電極の構造的強度が高められ、電極抵抗をより小さくできる。
III-(4)では、前記導電性複合繊維が皮膚に対する吸着性又は親水性を有することにより、前記生体電極を皮膚表面又は生体表面に自立的に設置することが可能であり、ノイズが低減された高精度の生体信号の伝達をより容易に行うことができる。また、前記生体電極によれば、従来の生体電極の皮膚表面への設置に必要であった粘着性及び導電性を有するペースト若しくはゲルを使用することなく設置することができる。
III-(6)の前記生体電極によれば、広い面積の皮膚表面又は生体表面に前記接触子を安定した状態で接触させることができる。
III-(7)の前記生体電極によれば、ホルダーが有する伸縮性により、シート状基材の表面に配置された接触子を皮膚表面に押し付けることができるので、接触子を安定に設置することができる。さらに、この安定な状態を維持しつつ、ホルダーがシート状基材の裏面を摺動しながら、ホルダーがシート状基材と独立して移動し、ホルダーと皮膚表面との相対的位置が変更可能となる。このため、前記生体電極の装着者が体を動かした場合にも、安定に生体信号を伝達することができる。
III-(8)では、前記生体信号測定装置としては、例えば心電図測定装置、心拍計、脳波測定装置などが挙げられる。前記生体信号測定装置において、前記生体電極は生体表面から信号を受信する機能だけでなく、電気信号(電気刺激)を送信する機能を有していても構わない。
本発明の第四の態様によれば、以下の効果を得ることができる。
上記第四の態様の本発明の体内埋め込み型電極によれば、電極を構成する導電性複合繊維が柔軟で生体親和性に優れるため、埋め込んだ生体組織に対する侵襲性を低減することができる。また、導電性複合繊維に含まれる導電性高分子が生体内の微弱な電気信号を検出することができるため、高精度の信号の送受信を外部装置と電極埋め込み部との間で行うことができる。
さらに、導電性複合繊維を構成する繊維材料により機械的強度が高められているため、体内埋め込み時の外力により電極が破損することがなく、体内埋め込み後における耐久性に優れる。
本発明の生体信号測定装置に備えられた前記体内埋め込み型電極は生体組織に対する侵襲性が低いため、生体組織が本来有する機能を損なわずに、高精度の信号の送受信を外部に設置した測定装置と電極埋め込み部との間で行うことができる。
より具体的に説明すれば以下の効果を得ることができる。
IV-(1)の体内埋め込み型電極によれば、電極を構成する導電性複合繊維が柔軟性及び生体親和性に優れるため、埋め込んだ生体組織に対する侵襲性を低減することができる。また、導電性複合繊維に含まれる導電性高分子が生体内の微弱な電気信号を伝達できるため、高精度の信号の送受信を外部装置と電極埋め込み部との間で行うことができる。さらに、導電性複合繊維を構成する繊維材料により機械的強度が高められているため、体内埋め込み時の外力により電極が破損することがなく、体内埋め込み後における耐久性に優れる。
IV-(2)によれば、棒状に成形された導電性複合繊維は、体内埋め込み時に針の如く差し込むことができるため、生体組織に対する侵襲性をより低減することができる。コイル状(螺旋状)に成形された導電性複合繊維は、埋め込まれた生体組織内で位置ズレを起こすことが殆どなく、高精度の信号の送受信を外部装置と電極埋め込み部との間で行うことができる。
IV-(3)によれば、前記導電性複合繊維が先端部に接着された前記針を、生体組織に刺入する(刺し入れる)という簡単な操作により、低い侵襲性で容易に、生体組織内に前記導電性複合繊維を設置することができる。また、設置した導電性複合繊維を生体内に留めたまま、前記針を抜去するという簡単な操作により、低い侵襲性で容易に、信号の送受信には不要な前記針を生体外に除いて、導電性複合繊維の設置を完了することができる。
IV-(4)によれば、前記針を生体組織内に刺入すると、前記接着性材料が体液等の水分を吸収することにより溶解し、前記針と前記導電性複合繊維との接着を容易に解除することができる。接着の解除後、前記針を生体外へ抜去し、前記導電性複合繊維を生体組織中に留めることができる。
IV-(6)によれば、前記電線により、生体組織内に埋め込まれた前記導電性複合繊維と外部装置とを電気的に接続することができる。
IV-(7)によれば、前記芯部の一端部を薬物溶液等が貯留されたリザーバー又はチューブコネクターが備えられたチャンバーに接続し、前記芯部の他端部を生体組織内の所定位置へ設置することにより、前記芯部を構成する導電性複合繊維を薬物溶液等が透過(浸透)して、他端部が位置する生体組織中へ薬物溶液を輸送することができる。
IV-(8)によれば、前記流路を介して前記薬物(薬剤)を電極が埋め込まれた部位に投与することができる。前記薬物は生体反応を抑制する又は促進する薬理作用を有する薬物であることが好ましい。前記薬物としては、例えば生体組織の障害を低減させる薬物、生体組織の修復を促す薬物、生体組織を成長させる薬物等が挙げられる。
IV-(9)によれば、前記体内埋め込み型電極は生体組織に対する侵襲性が低いため、生体組織が本来有する機能を損なわずに、外部に設置した測定装置と電極埋め込み部との間で、信号の送受信を高精度に行うことができる。
例えば図1の説明において好ましいとされた例は、特に断りの無い限り、本態様の他の例でも好ましく使用できる。
《第一の態様について》
以下、本発明の第一の態様の第一の態様の実施形態について、図面を参照して説明するが、本発明はかかる実施形態に限定されない。
本発明の第一の態様の第一の態様は、導電性高分子繊維、及び生体電極に関する。より詳しくは、基材繊維に導電性高分子が含浸又は付着された導電性高分子繊維、及び前記導電性高分子繊維を備えた生体電極に関する。
<第一の態様の第一実施形態>
図1に示す本発明の導電性高分子繊維10(第一実施形態)は、基材繊維11に、導電性高分子としてPEDOT-PSS{ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)-ポリ(スチレンスルホン酸)}を含む導電体12が被覆された繊維である。図1は導電性高分子繊維10の長手方向の断面図であり、図3はその長手方向に直交する方向の断面図である。 導電性高分子繊維10は、基材繊維11を芯として、その周囲に導電体12が被覆されているので、両者の密着面積が大きくなっており、互いに充分に接着した複合繊維となっている。この構成であると、導電体12が基材繊維11によって補強されているので、導電体12だけからなる繊維と比べて強度を強くすることができる。特に、乾燥状態及び湿潤状態における強度に優れたものとなる。また、芯である基材繊維11の柔軟性が導電性高分子繊維10に付与される。
前記合成繊維としては、例えばナイロン、ポリエステル、アクリル、アラミド、ポリウレタン、炭素繊維などが挙げられる。前記植物性の繊維としては、例えば綿、麻、ジュートなどが挙げられる。前記動物性の繊維としては、例えば絹、羊毛、コラーゲン、動物組織を構成する弾性繊維などが挙げられる。
基材繊維は、シルク単体であることも好ましい。必要に応じて混合物であることも好ましい。シルク混合物である場合、シルクの含有率は0.1%以上100%未満であってもよく、1%以上95%以下であっても良く、3%以上90%以下であってもよく、10%以上80%以下であっても良く、30%以上70%以下であってもよく、40%以上60%以下であってもよい。目的に応じて適宜別の材料と混合することも好ましい。
基材繊維11の長さは特に制限されず、用途に応じて適宜選択できる。例えば、生体組織への埋め込み用の電極としては10μm~10cm、体表のバイオインターフェースに用いる場合は1mm~50cm、衣料品への織り込み又は編み込みには繊維材料として1cm~100mなどとすることができる。これに限定されず、必要に応じて選択してよい。
この知見に基づき、本発明においては、基材繊維11としてシルク繊維を使用し、且つ、導電体12に含まれる導電性高分子としてPEDOT-PSSを使用することがより好ましい。
本発明で用いる導電性高分子の分子量は特に制限されない。例えば数千~数十万の範囲のものが使用できる。必要に応じて任意に選択して良い。具体例を挙げれば、ポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量(Mw)が1000~900000の範囲であってもよく、3000~450000の範囲であっても良く、5000~50000の範囲であってもよい。ただしこの範囲に限定されるものではない。
なお、前記濡れ特性の調整の具体例としては、例えば吸水性の調整、湿潤・乾燥時の過剰な膨張・収縮の防止等が挙げられる。
またPEDOT-PSSの濡れ特性を調整し、更に柔軟性を付与する目的で用いる添加剤としては、上記例のうち、特にグリセロール、ソルビトール、ポリエチレングリコール、及びポリエチレングリコール‐ポリプロピレングリコールコポリマーが好ましい。
オン性界面活性剤が挙げられる。これらの界面活性剤は、1種を単独で用いても良いし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いても良い。
上記アニオン性界面活性剤としては、例えばアルキル硫酸塩、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、アルキルスルホコハク酸塩、脂肪酸塩などが挙げられる。
上記非イオン性界面活性剤としては、例えばポリオキシエチレン、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルなどが挙げられる。
多価アルコールとしては、例えば、エチレングリコールなどのグリコール類、グリセリンなどの鎖状多価アルコール、グルコースやスクロースなどの環状多価アルコール、ポリエチレングリコールやポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレングリコール ポリプロピレングリコールコポリマーなどのポリマー状多価アルコールなどが挙げられる。
糖アルコールとしては、例えばソルビトール、キシリトール、エリトリトールなどが挙げられる。
上記のアクリル樹脂としては、例えば、ポリアクリル酸、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリメタクリル酸メチル樹脂などが挙げられる。
必要に応じて、基材繊維は導電体に完全に覆われていなくても良い。本発明において、厚さとは基材繊維の中心から表面に向かう線が導電体に覆われる長さであっても良い。
図1に示す導電性高分子繊維10のように、導電体12を基材繊維11の表面に付着又は被覆する方法としては、以下の方法が例として挙げられる。
まず導電性高分子を含む水溶液(例えば、市販のPEDOT-PSS溶液(Heraeus 社:CLEVIOS P))を溶液バス中で基材繊維11の表面に付着させる。この後、又は、ローラー若しくはブラシを用いて基材繊維11の表面に前記溶液を均一に塗布した後、前記溶液に含まれる水分の一部を乾燥除去する。次いで、アセトン、メタノール、エタノール等の有機溶媒または塩化マグネシウム溶液等の固定液を塗布して、PEDOT-PSS等の導電性高分子をゲル化する。このことによって、基材繊維11の表面にPEDOT-PSS等の導電性高分子を含む導電体12を固定する方法(以下、作成法1aということがある。)が例示できる。前記水溶液の一例として、PEDOT-PSS等の導電性高分子が0.1~50(v/v)%の濃度で含有される水溶液が挙げられる。この濃度は必要に応じて選択できる。例えば、濃度は、1~30%でも良いし、30~50%でも良いし、0.5~15%などであっても良い。なお、前記水溶液中には、必要に応じて、前記添加剤を含有させることができる。
また本発明では、導電性高分子を含む水溶液としては、例に挙げたCLEVIOS P以外にも、PEDOT-PSSを含む溶液であれば、如何なるものも使用できる。
導電体12に添加剤を含有させる方法としては、作成法1aによって基材繊維11に塗工した導電体12を乾燥させた後、得られた導電性高分子繊維10を用いて、その表面に添加剤を塗布する方法や、添加剤を含む溶液中に導電性高分子繊維10を所定の時間で浸漬した後、その表面に残る余剰の添加剤の溶液を除去する方法が例示できる。また、別の方法として、基材繊維11の表面に塗工する導電性高分子を含む溶液中に、添加剤を混合させた混合液を使用して、導電性高分子と添加剤とを一緒に塗布又は浸漬させる方法も適用できる。
本発明における導電体12中の添加剤の濃度は特に制限されず、例えば0.1~50wt%とすることができる。この濃度は必要に応じて選択でき、例えば、0.1~20wt%であってもよく、20~50wt%であってもよく、0.1~5wt%であってもよい。
図2に示す本発明の導電性高分子繊維20(第二実施形態)は、基材繊維21に、導電性高分子を含む導電体22が含浸された繊維である。図2は導電性高分子繊維20の長手方向の断面図であり、図4はその長手方向に直交する方向の断面図である。
基材繊維21の内部に導電体22が染み渡っているので、両者が一体化した複合繊維となっている。この構成であると、導電体22が基材繊維21から脱落する恐れが無い。また、導電体22が基材繊維21によって補強されているので、導電体22だけからなる繊維と比べて強度を強くすることができる。また、基材繊維21の柔軟性を併せ持つ。
なお本発明では、基材繊維の内部空間全てに導電体が満たされていても良いが、満たされていない空間があっても良い。また基材繊維の内部中心まで導電体が到達していることが好ましいが、必要に応じて到達していない部分があっても良い。
図2に示す導電性高分子繊維20のように、導電体22を基材繊維21の内部に浸漬する方法としては、基材繊維21を溶液バス中において、導電性高分子を含む水溶液(例えば、市販のPEDOT-PSS溶液(Heraeus CLEVIOS P))に基材繊維21を所定時間で浸漬させた後、前記溶液に含まれる水分の一部を乾燥除去し、次いで、アセトン、メタノール、エタノール等の有機溶媒または塩化マグネシウム溶液等の固定液を塗布して、PEDOT-PSSをゲル化することによって、基材繊維21の表面にPEDOT-PSSを含む導電体22を固定する方法(以下、作成法1bということがある。)が例示できる。
なお、前記水溶液中には、必要に応じて、前記添加剤を含有させることができる。
図5に示す本発明の導電性高分子繊維30(第三実施形態)は、基材繊維31に、導電性高分子を含む導電体32が含浸され、基材繊維31の周囲に金属33が被覆され、さらに被覆された金属又はカーボン33の周囲に導電体34が被覆されてなるものである。図5は導電性高分子繊維30の長手方向に直交する方向の断面図である。
以下では、特に明記しない限り、「金属又はカーボン」を金属類と呼ぶ。
前記カーボンとしては、炭素原子を主原料として含むものが好ましく、例えばカーボンブラック、グラッシーカーボン、グラフェン、カーボンナノチューブ、フラーレン等を含む炭素材料が挙げられる。これらの炭素材料中の炭素の含有量は、80~100質量%が好ましく、90~100質量%がより好ましく、95~100質量%がさらに好ましい。
金属類33は、1種の金属類を単独で用いても良いし、2種以上の金属類を組み合わせて用いても良い。
導電性高分子繊維30を作成する方法としては、次の方法が例示できる。
まず、作成法1bによって得られた導電性高分子繊維20に対して、公知の成膜方法によって金属33を被覆する。ここで得られた繊維を導電性高分子を含む水溶液(例えば、市販のPEDOT-PSS溶液(Heraeus CLEVIOS P))に浸漬して、この金属33を電極として利用し、+0.5V~20Vの直流電圧を印加することによって、PEDOT-PSS等の導電性高分子が金属33の表面に電気化学的に固定された導電性高分子繊維30を作成できる。この方法を以下では、作成法2aと呼ぶことがある。
ここでは、導電性高分子繊維20の周囲に金属層を形成する方法を例示したが、単なる基材繊維に金属層を形成して、同様に前記金属層の周囲に導電性高分子を電気的に固定する方法を採用しても構わない。
金属33を形成せずに、電気化学的に導電性高分子を固定する方法も例示できる。すなわち、作成法1bによって得られた導電性高分子繊維20は、既に導電性を有する。この導電性を利用して、作成法1bで得られたような導電性高分子繊維20を、導電性高分子を含む溶液(例えば、市販のPEDOT-PSS溶液(Heraeus CLEVIOS P))に加え、この中で、+0.5V~20Vの直流電圧を印加することによって、PEDOT-PSS等の導電性高分子が導電性高分子繊維20の周囲の表面に電気化学的に固定された導電性高分子繊維を作成できる。この方法を以下では、作成法2bと呼ぶことがある。なお、前記水溶液中には、必要に応じて、前記添加剤を含有させることができる。
図6に示す本発明の導電性高分子繊維40(第四実施形態)は、複数の基材繊維41の間に、導電性高分子を含む導電体42が基材繊維41に密着して配されてなるものである。図6は導電性高分子繊維40の長手方向に直交する方向の断面図である。基材繊維の数は任意に選択でき、2以上の整数である。例えば2,3,4,5,6、7または8などの数であっても良い。1~1000の範囲に含まれる数や、1~30の範囲に含まれる数などであっても良い。 導電性高分子繊維40は、複数の基材繊維41が撚り合わされたり編まれたりすることによって、撚り紐、織布、不織布などの高次構造体を形成したものであっても良い。図6に示す例のように、複数の基材繊維41の間に、導電性高分子であるPEDOT-PSSを含む導電体42が基材繊維41に密着して配され、複数の基材繊維41が撚り合わされたり編まれたりすることにより、導電性高分子繊維40を、撚り紐、織布、不織布等の高次構造体として構成することができる。
導電体42が複数の基材繊維41同士を接着する役割を担うので、前記高次構造体の強度を高めることができる。さらに、複数の基材繊維41の間には、導電体42を比較的大量に配することができるので、より導電性に優れた導電性高分子繊維となる。なお、ここで比較した量は、単一の基材繊維の表面に配された導電体の量である。
複数の基材繊維41間の繊維間隔は任意に選択できる。例えば、基材繊維の直径の0.01~3倍程度を、基材繊維41間の繊維間隔としてもよい。例えば、直径10μm~15μmの基材繊維41を用いた場合、0.01μm~50μmとすることができる。このような範囲の繊維間隔であると、導電体42を繊維間に充分に配することができる。
図7に示す本発明の導電性高分子繊維50(第五実施形態)は、導電性高分子を含む導電体52が内部に含浸された複数の基材繊維51の間に、導電性高分子を含む導電体54が基材繊維51に密着して配されてなるものである。図7は導電性高分子繊維50の長手方向に直交する方向の断面図である。
図8に示す本発明の導電性高分子繊維60(第六実施形態)は、基材繊維61に、導電性高分子を含む導電体62が被覆されており、その周囲に絶縁層63が被覆されてなるものである。図8は導電性高分子繊維60の長手方向に直交する方向の断面図である。
基材繊維61及び導電体62が絶縁層63によって保護されているため、耐久性に優れた繊維となる。なお、必要に応じて、絶縁層63の一部を除去して導電体62の一部を繊維表面に露出させた構成とすることもできる。
本発明にかかる導電性高分子繊維は、高湿度の使用条件においても十分な強度、導電性及び柔軟性を有するので、生体電極やバイオインターフェースのみならず衣料品に好適に用いられる。
本発明にかかる導電性高分子繊維を複数束ねて糸や紐を構成することによって、生体信号の測定に充分な導電性を得ることができる。前記繊維には導電性高分子であるPEDOT-PSSが配されているため、前記繊維と測定対象とが接触することにより、直ちに導通を得ることができる。したがって、前記繊維(糸)を測定対象に、接触、又は、結紮、巻き付け、縫い込み、折り込みなどすることによって、生体信号を長期間安定して記録することが可能である。
本発明にかかる導電性高分子繊維を電極として用いて生体電極を作成する場合、前記繊維を束ねた糸を結んだり、編んだり、縫い込んだり、束ねたりすることによって、布、ベルト、ストラップなどの様々な形状の生体電極を提供することができる。さらにこの導電性高分子繊維を結合し不織布等に成形することによって、パッチ状(布状)の生体電極を作成することもできる。
本発明の第二の態様は、導電性高分子繊維を製造する方法及び装置に関し、特に、導電性高分子を含む導電体を絶縁性の繊維(繊維束)に含浸あるいは付着させる、導電性高分子繊維の製造方法及び製造装置に関する。
以下、本発明の第二の態様の導電性高分子繊維の製造方法及び製造装置の実施の形態について、主に図13~図18を適宜参照しながら説明するが、本発明の第二の態様は、以下の実施形態に限定されるものではない。ここで、図13~16は本実施形態で説明する導電性高分子繊維の製造装置を示す模式図である。図1、3や6等は、本実施形態の製造方法及び製造装置で得られる導電性高分子繊維の一例を示す模式図である。
本発明の第二の態様に係る製造方法及び製造装置は、上記第一の態様で述べた導電性高分子繊維を好ましく形成することができる。第一の態様で述べた好ましい条件もここで使用できる。例えば、図1、3や6に記載した導電性高分子繊維を容易に形成することができる。なお本態様では、導電体12に含まれる導電性高分子としてPEDOT-PSSを使用することがより好ましいが、本実施形態で用いる基材繊維は、シルク繊維に限定されるものではなく、その他、一般的な繊維材料を何ら制限無く用いることができる。導電性高分子としてPEDOT-PSSを含むことが必須とすれば良い。
以下に、本発明に係る導電性高分子繊維の製造方法及び製造装置の一実施形態について、主に図13~16を参照しながら詳述する。
まず、本実施形態で用いる製造装置について詳述する。
図13に示す導電性高分子繊維の製造装置(以下、製造装置と略称することがある)210は、浸漬容器205を備えている。浸漬容器205は、導電性高分子としてPEDOT-PSS{ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)-ポリ(スチレンスルホン酸)}を含む導電体の溶液204が内部に収容され、糸状、紐状、布状又はリボン状の繊維束からなる絶縁性の基材繊維211を導電体の溶液204に浸漬させることで、基材繊維211に導電体(図17A、17B等に示す導電体212も参照)を含浸及び/又は付着させるための浸漬容器である。また、製造装置210は、基材繊維211を浸漬容器205に収容された導電体の溶液204から垂直に引き上げるための巻き取り部209と、垂直に引き上げられる基材繊維211を走行させながら通電することで、基材繊維211に含浸及び/又は付着した導電体212を電気化学的に重合固定する複数の電極202、203とを備えている。そして、本実施形態で説明する製造装置210は、導電体212が重合固定された基材繊維211に向けて送風することで乾燥させるための乾燥部208と、基材繊維211の近傍における雰囲気湿度を調整可能なチャンバー(調湿部を含む)207とを具備し、概略構成されている。
なお本願発明の効果が得られる限り、複数の電極202、203は垂直に配置されていなくてもよい。電極間は接触せず距離が設けられていることが好ましいが、距離は任意に選択される。また電極の数も任意で選択でき、陽極と負極の電極の組み合わせが1つ以上あればよい。例えば、前記組み合わせが1から10この範囲でも良いし、2から8の範囲でも良いし、3から5の範囲でもよい。
また、チャンバーを3室構成として、各々の湿度を独立して調整する場合には、以下の(A)~(C)に示すような設定とすることができる。
(A)浸漬容器・・・PEDOT-PSSを含む導電体溶液からの水分の蒸発を防止し、PEDOT-PSSの濃度を一定に保つために、例えば、湿度設定が50~100%の範囲となるように調整する。
(B)複数の電極・・・ 高湿度から低湿度、例えば、湿度設定を99~10%の範囲とすることにより、繊維に含浸させたPEDOT-PSSを含む導電体溶液の水分量の調整を行う。
(C)乾燥部・・・低湿度乾燥空気の循環により、導電体が重合固定された基材繊維(導電性高分子繊維)の乾燥を促進するため、乾燥空気を吹き付ける機能を付加(例えば、湿度設定が0~40%の範囲)。
以下に、上述の製造装置210を用いて導電性高分子繊維201を製造する方法について、上記製造装置の説明と同じ図面(図13~15)を参照しながら、その手順を説明する。
本実施形態で説明する導電性高分子繊維201の製造方法は、以下に示す(1)~(3)に示す各工程を順次備え、さらに、これら(1)~(3)の各工程を、雰囲気湿度を調湿しながら行うものである。
(1)糸状の繊維束からなる絶縁性の基材繊維211を、導電性高分子としてPEDOT-PSSを含む導電体の溶液に浸漬することにより、基材繊維211に導電体212を含浸及び/又は付着させる浸漬工程。
(2)基材繊維211を導電体の溶液から垂直に引き上げながら複数の電極202、203間で走行させて通電することにより、基材繊維211に含浸及び/又は付着した導電体212を電気化学的に重合固定する固定工程。
(3)導電体212が重合固定された基材繊維211を送風乾燥する乾燥工程。
浸漬工程では、上述したように、基材繊維211を、導電性高分子としてPEDOT-PSSを含む導電体の溶液に浸漬することにより、基材繊維211に導電体212を含浸及び/又は付着させる。
具体的には、図13に示すような浸漬容器205に、導電性高分子であるPEDOT-PSSを含む導電体の溶液を収容し、この溶液中に基材繊維(繊維束)211を浸漬させる。これにより、導電性を有する導電体212が、基材繊維211に含浸及び/又は付着されるため、基材繊維211が導電性を有するものとなる。
次に、固定工程においては、基材繊維211を溶液中から垂直に引き上げながら、複数の電極202、203間で走行させて通電する。これにより、基材繊維211に含浸及び/又は付着した導電体212を電気化学的に重合固定する。
即ち、基材繊維211の径方向における一方の側に配置されたローラー状の回転子電極232と、他方の側に配置されたプーリー状の回転子電極222を用い、基材繊維211の両側に配置された回転子電極222、232を、基材繊維211の長手方向で各々交互に配置する。そして、基材繊維(繊維束)211に対して、ローラー状の回転子電極232を押し当てつつ、プーリー状の回転子電極222に形成された溝部222bでガイドしながら、基材繊維211を複数の各電極間で走行させて通電する方法を採用することができる。
次に、乾燥工程においては、導電体212が重合固定された基材繊維211、即ち、導電性高分子繊維201に向けて低湿度の乾燥空気を吹き付けることで、導電性高分子繊維201を乾燥させる。
さらに、本実施形態では、エタノール溶液を用いて導電性高分子繊維201を洗浄消毒した後、乾燥させることが好ましい。
本発明の第三の態様は、生体電極および生体信号測定装置に関する。より詳しくは、本発明は導電性高分子と繊維の複合材料(以下導電性複合繊維)を利用した体表面装着型の生体電極、およびその生体電極を備えた生体信号測定装置に関する。本態様では、本発明の第一の態様で述べた繊維が好ましく使用できる。
以下、本発明の第三の態様の実施形態について図面を参照して説明するが、本発明はかかる実施形態に限定されない。
近年、脳波測定は医療機関内での検査だけでなく、在宅の脳波検査や、遠隔医療、ヘルスインフォメーションやユビキタスヘルスケアシステムなどへの応用が進められている。
さらに医療分野以外でも事象関連電位測定による心理学的研究や、BCI(ブレインコンピューターインターフェース)など工学や、介護福祉分野への応用も期待されている。
従来の生体電極を用いた脳波測定においては、電極を安定させて固定するために、接着剤を用いて電極を皮膚に固定したり、頭部全体を覆うヘッドキャップを用いて電極を上から圧迫固定したり、電極と頭皮間のペーストやゲルを増量することによって、電極の浮き上がりを防いでいる。しかし、これらの対策は、装着に伴う不便が多く、被験者への負担が大きく、特に長時間にわたって脳波の連続測定を行う際に問題である。また、電極の外見が装着者又は他者へ少なからず違和感を生じさせることがあるため、脳波の利用が医療用途を超えて、広く一般化するには至っていない。
第一実施形態の生体電極は、導電性複合繊維によって構成された紐状の接触子を備える。頭髪の間隙から前記接触子を頭皮に密着させることによって脳波を測定することができる(図19Aから19D、図20Aから20D参照)。
また、脳波測定(信号測定)に支障がなければ、第一フレーム312又は第二フレーム313のうち少なくともいずれか一方が金属製であっても構わない。例えば第一フレーム312及び第二フレーム313を金属材料で構成することにより、信号ケーブル314を接触子311に接続せずに、第一フレーム312又は第二フレーム313に接続して、接触子311との電気信号の送受信を第一フレーム312又は第二フレーム313を介して行う構成にしても構わない。
更に小型化した生体電極の構成として、ヘアーピン形の頭髪クリップ(金属板バネ)に2本の接触子321を固定したヘアーピン形の生体電極320を図20A~20Dに示す。このヘアーピン形の生体電極320は、頭髪の根本付近に挿入して使用することができる。ヘアーピン形の頭髪クリップは、頭髪を把持することができる。図示した例では、2本の接触子321を頭皮S上に固定している。
紐状の接触子311,321を構成する導電性複合繊維として、導電性高分子と従来公知の繊維材料との複合繊維が適用可能である。複合の形態(方法)は特に制限されず、例えば、導電性高分子が紐状(糸状)の前記繊維材料の表面に被覆された形態であっても良いし、導電性高分子が紐状の前記繊維材料に含浸された形態であっても良いし、紐状の導電性高分子と紐状の前記繊維材料とを撚り合わせた若しくは紡いだ形態であっても良い。第一の態様で述べられた材料や導電性高分子繊維を好ましく使用することができるし、また第二の態様で述べられた装置や方法を使用しても良い。
(poly(4-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2yl-methoxy-1-butanesulfonic acid, potassium salt)などの、親水性の導電性高分子が挙げられる。親水性の導電性高分子を含む複合繊維を接触子11,21の材料として用いることにより、接触子11,21それ自体に、皮膚に対する吸着性(粘着性)を容易に付与することができる。
シルクと組み合わせる前記導電性高分子の種類は特に制限されないが、前述したPEDOT-PSS又はPEDOT-S等の親水性の導電性高分子が好ましい。
本発明の各実施形態を構成する紐状の接触子の構造として、2種類の構造が例示される。
紐状接触子の第一の構造は、前記導電性複合繊維束を単独で使用した構造である。第一の構造の例として、図19A~19Dに示した接触子311が挙げられる。接触子311は複数の導電性複合繊維を束ねた糸(紐)を編んで作製されているため、適度な太さと強度を有する。導電性複合繊維だけで構成される第一の構造は柔軟であるため、生体電極に柔軟性や快適な装着感が求められる用途に好適である。前記導電性複合繊維は糸状又は紐状であることが好ましい。
図においては、金属細線の巻き数と導電性複合繊維321eの巻き数が同程度であるように描かれているが、この巻き数の相対関係はこれに制限されない。例えば、金属細線321fの巻き数は導電性複合繊維の巻き数よりも少なくても良い。また、紐状接触子は必要に応じて、その一部が絶縁性カバー321zにより被覆されていても構わない。絶縁性カバーとしては、例えばシリコーン樹脂からなるカバーが挙げられる。
第三の態様の第一実施形態の生体電極、例えば図22Aに示す櫛形電極310は、図22Aに示す伸縮性ネットのキャップNを上から被せて固定することができる。ネットNは櫛形電極310を軽く上から押さえ安定保持するホルダーとして使用することができる。櫛形電極310は頭髪の間隙に挿入されるので、浮き上がりにくい。このため、櫛形電極310においては、従来の電極のようにヘッドキャップ等で強く圧迫固定する必要はなく、低緊張性の伸縮性ネット等のカバーを用いることにより、安定した固定が得られる。前記低緊張性の伸縮性ネットとしては、例えば市販のネット包帯(日本衛材株式会社製)等を適用できる。第一実施形態の生体電極によれば、頭髪下に収まるデザインを容易に実現できる。さらに、伸縮性ネットの使用において、頭髪をネットの外に引き出すことも可能である。このため、第一実施形態の生体電極を用いることにより、装着感ともに装着中の外観も改善される。図22Aは櫛形電極310と伸縮性ネットNのキャップの装着図を示す。図22Bは伸縮性の格子状ネットNに、櫛形電極310を配置した例(上面図)を示す。図22Bにおいて、△は鼻を表し、2つの楕円は左右の耳をそれぞれ表す。格子で区切られた領域のうち、斜線で示した位置は櫛形電極310が配置された箇所を表す。この構成において、伸縮性ネットNの紐の間隔を調整することにより、生体電極310の設置部位を国際10-20法に合わせることができる。
従来、ホルター心電図検査用の生体電極や、心拍数若しくは筋電位のモニター用の生体電極は広く普及している。ホルター心電図検査用の電極は、粘着性の高いテープ又は粘着パッドを使用して、皮膚に固定された状態で使用されることが多い。生体電極を皮膚に固定することによりノイズの発生を防いでいる。また、長時間連続使用することの多いモニター用の電極を皮膚に固定するためには、導電性ゲルの粘着性パッドが使用される場合が多い。これらの電極による測定データにはノイズなどのアーチファクトの混入が少なく、測定波形の安定性に優れる。
また、従来型の生体電極においては、高い粘着性を持った電極を皮膚に密着させることにより、蒸れが発生しやすく、被験者(装着者)に不快感が生じる。また、粘着剤の効果を得るための前処置として、アルコール綿等により皮膚の接着面の脱脂を行う必要がある。しかし、アルコール類による脱脂処置は、皮膚への刺激性が強いため、掻痒感や接触性皮膚炎を発生させる一因となっており、改善が求められている。
このテキスタイル電極による測定においては、皮膚との接触状態が安定に維持される場合には、比較的良好な生体信号が得られる。しかし、皮膚との接触状態が少しでも不安定になった場合には、皮膚電極間抵抗が大きく変動し、記録波形の歪み、ハムノイズの混入などのアーチファクトにより測定波形の信頼性が低下しやすいことが問題である。
第二実施形態の生体電極330を図24A~24Bに示す。生体電極330においては、導電性複合繊維によって構成された紐状の複数の接触子331が平面状に配列された接触部(電極面)332と、接触部332を支持するシート状の基板333とが備えられている。接触部332と基板333を合わせた構成を電極パッドと呼ぶ。各接触子331と電気的に接続された信号ケーブル334が備えられている。さらに、前記電極パッドの接触部332を皮膚Sに押し当てる手段として、伸縮性の材料で構成されたホルダー335を備えている。
図25A~25Bの例においては、複数の接触子331が紙面横方向に平行に配列され、紙面縦方向に配置された信号ケーブル334に対して、各接触子331の両端が接続されている。接触子331の両端は基板333を貫通して信号ケーブル334に接続されている。図示した例においては、信号ケーブル334は基材である基板333の面のうち接触子331が配列固定された面(表面)とは反対面(裏面)に配置されている。この構成であると、信号ケーブル334により接触子331を基板面に引き寄せることができる。信号ケーブル334を配置する面は、基板333の裏面ではなく表面であっても良い。
また調湿用パッド337を覆う又は固定するための調湿用カバー338を設けても構わない。
接触部332における接触子331の密度は、例えば直径280ミクロンの接触子331(繊維束)を並列に配列する場合、電極幅10mmあたり通常30本程度を使用するが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば1本から200本の範囲で調節することができる。
より具体的には、例えば心電図測定の生体電極として、以下に述べる実施例3-1と同様の導電性複合繊維束(PEDOT-PSSとシルク繊維の複合繊維にグリセロールを含浸させた接触子)を隙間無く平行に配列し、基板に固定して使用する場合、皮膚との接触面積(接触部332の面積)は1cmx1cm(100mm2)程度に設定すれば良く、通常10~50,000mm2に設定することができる。また、前記心電図測定の生体電極を電気刺激用の皮膚表面電極として使用する場合、その電極の接触面積の範囲は、例えば10から50,000 mm2に設定することができる。
各実施形態の生体電極が備える素材及び構造により得られる効果の例を以下に列挙する。
(A)装着感が改善される。
電極の皮膚装着に伴う不快感が生じにくい。前記ゲル又はペーストを使用しないため、皮膚を液体やゲルで密封する必要がなく、外気に対してオープンな状態で電極を設置できる。すなわち、紐状の電極が皮膚に軽く接触した状態、もしくは柔らかい布状の電極が皮膚に接した状態で測定できる。
(B)電解質ペーストが原因のトラブルが回避される。
電解質液の漏出や、前記ゲル又はペーストの水分が乾燥した場合における接触不良やノイズの発生の恐れがない。
(C)電極の電気的特性が改善される。
従来の生体電極よりも単位面積あたりの電極の抵抗(レジスタンス)を下げることが可能である。脳波、誘発電位などの微弱な信号の測定に有利である。また本発明にかかる電極の容量(キャパシタンス)が少ないため、高周波の伝搬特性に優れ、脳波、筋電図などの高い周波数成分を含む生体信号の記録に有利である。
(D)電極の使用上の利便性が高い。
前記ペースト又はゲルを使用しないため、測定後(検査後)に前記ペースト又はゲルの除去作業が不要である。例えば、従来電極の使用において必要であった、脳波測定後の洗髪を省略できる。
(E)電極の小型軽量化が可能である。
単位面積あたりの電極抵抗が従来の電極よりも小さいことから、従来の生体電極よりも電極を小型化、軽量、高密度化できる。
(F)設置の安定性が向上する。
軽度の圧迫もしくは弱い粘着性材料によって、電極の安定した設置が可能である。従来の生体電極のように強力な粘着剤もしくはバンド、ヘッドギア等による強固な圧迫固定の必要がない。
(G)低雑音の信号が得られる。
導電性複合繊維が有する接着性、柔軟性、薄型及び軽量、という性質により、電極の装着者(被験者)が動いたとき体動時の電極の不要な振動が少なく、雑音が軽減される。
(H)自然な外観が得られる。
特に脳波用電極の用途において、電極の小型平坦化と頭髪の下に電極が隠れるデザインにより、電極を装着しても目立たない。すなわち、日常生活の中で常時脳波測定が可能である。
(I)生体電極の長時間の装着による皮膚の蒸れを軽減できる。
一般に、電極を長時間連続装着すると、皮膚の発汗によって、皮膚の蒸れが生じやすい。しかし、本発明にかかる生体電極が、前述のように電極材料に親水性の導電性複合繊維を使用した場合及び基板に通気用の開口部を設けた場合、長時間使用時の皮膚の蒸れをより一層軽減できる。
(J)生体電極の応用範囲を拡大できる。
生体電極の全体的な形状(基本形状)を薄い平面状(布状)または線状(紐状)に加工できる。従来の電極と比較し軽量、平坦及び柔軟であるため、紐状よりも細い線状の電極も作製可能である。また、装着感も快適である。これらの性質により、本発明にかかる生体電極をウエアラブル電極として応用し、その適用範囲を広げることが可能である。
(K)従来の生体電極と同等又はそれ以上に安定した計測が可能である。
本発明にかかる生体電極は、電解質ペーストを使用しない(ペーストレス)場合においても、従来のペーストレス電極の欠点であるノイズの混入や測定信号の不安定性を克服することができる。すなわち、電解質ペーストを使用する従来の医療用の生体電極と同等又はそれ以上に、測定信号の安定性が得られる。
本発明の第四の態様は、体内埋め込み型電極および生体信号測定装置に関する。より詳しくは、本発明は導電性高分子と繊維の複合材料(以下導電性複合繊維)を利用した体内埋め込み型の生体電極、およびその生体電極を備えた生体信号測定装置に関する。
以下、本発明の第四の態様の実施形態について、図面を参照して説明するが、本発明はかかる実施形態に限定されない。
図29A~29Cに示す本発明の第四の態様の第一実施形態の体内埋め込み型電極410は、導電性高分子を含有する導電性複合繊維が複数束ねられて棒状(針状)に成形された導電性複合繊維束401を備える。導電性複合繊維束401の一部には金属導線402が巻き付けられ、結線部403を形成している。結線部403は絶縁性及び耐水性のポリマー404(樹脂)によって被覆されている。導電性複合繊維束401は、吸水前及び吸水後のいずれにおいても、導電性高分子が単独で同等の径を有する棒状に成形された導電体よりも機械的強度に優れる。このため、生体組織内に埋め込む際に導電性複合繊維束401が破損したり、埋め込み後に生体組織内で導電性複合繊維束401が解体したりすることを防止できる。
導電性複合繊維束401を構成する導電性複合繊維として、導電性高分子と従来公知の繊維材料との複合繊維が適用可能である。複合の形態(方法)は特に制限されず、例えば、導電性高分子が糸状(紐状)の前記繊維材料の表面に被覆された形態であってもよいし、導電性高分子が糸状の前記繊維材料に含浸された形態であってもよいし、糸状の導電性高分子と糸状の前記繊維材料とを撚り合わせた若しくは紡いだ形態であってもよい。本発明の第一の態様で述べた繊維が好ましく使用できる。
2yl-methoxy-1-butanesulfonic acid, potassium salt)などの、親水性の導電性高分子が挙げられる。親水性の導電性高分子を含む複合繊維を導電性複合繊維束1の材料として用いることにより、導電性複合繊維束1それ自体に、針5に対する接着性(粘着性)を容易に付与することができる。
シルクと組み合わせる前記導電性高分子の種類は特に制限されないが、前述したPEDOT-PSS又はPEDOT-S等の親水性の導電性高分子が好ましい。
具体例を挙げれば、例えば図29Aから29Cに示す棒状の導電性複合繊維束401の太さは0.1μm~500μmとし、長さは1μm~10mmにすることができる。また、図31Aから31Cに示すコイル状の導電性複合繊維束401の太さは例えば10μm~500μmとし、長さは100μm~50cmにすることができる。ここで、前記太さ及び長さはコイル状に巻かれた導電性複合繊維束1を引き伸ばした状態における太さ及び総延長の長さである。図301Aから301Cに示すコイル状に巻かれた状態におけるコイルの外径は例えば10μm~5mmとし、前記コイルの中心軸方向の長さは例えば100μm~50mmにすることができる。また、図32Aから32Dに示す手術用糸に繋がれた導電性複合繊維束401の太さは例えば0.1μm~500μmとし、長さは1μm~10cmにすることができる。
また、図33Bに示す芯部を構成する導電性複合繊維束401の太さは例えば10μm~10mmとし、長さは10μm~50cmにすることができる。
第四の態様の第一実施形態の導電性複合繊維束401は、針405(ガイド針)の先端部に接着されている。
導電性複合繊維束401を水又はアルコール等で湿らせると、その表面の導電性高分子が接着性(粘着性)を有し、再び乾燥させると収縮して固化する。この性質を利用して、導電性複合繊維束401を針405の先端部に接着(固定)することができる(図29A)。この構成を有する体内埋め込み型電極410は、生体組織内に刺入されると、導電性複合繊維束401が体液(細胞外液又は脳脊髄液など)を吸収し、膨潤する(図29B)。さらに膨潤した導電性複合繊維束401と針405の接着力(固定力)が低下するため、導電性複合繊維束1を生体組織中に残したまま、針405を抜去することができる(図29C)。生体組織中に設置された導電性複合繊維束401は電線402(金属導線402)を介して外部装置と接続され、信号(電気信号又は電気刺激)の送受信が行われる。
結線部403はポリマー404によって被覆されている。生体組織中において結線部403を構成する導電性複合繊維束401はポリマー404よって被覆されているため、吸水による膨潤及び機械的強度の低下が殆ど起こらない。また、導電性複合繊維束401は繊維材料との複合化により機械的強度が高められているため、吸水後においても導電性複合繊維束401と金属導線403との結線が破損(断線)せず、電気的接続を充分に維持できる。
第四の態様の第一実施形態の体内埋め込み型電極410を生体組織中に設置する方法としては、例えば高速動作が可能なマニピュレーターを使用し、針405を生体内に高速度で(短時間で)刺入する方法が挙げられる。針405が先導して生体内の所定位置まで侵入し、針405に接着された導電性複合繊維束401及び結線された金属導線402が共に生体内の所定位置に導入される。この刺入は、高速度で完了し、生体中で導電性複合繊維束401の膨潤が開始する前に完了することが好ましい。刺入速度は特に制限されないが、例えば100~1000mm/sec程度で行うことができる。具体例として、高速度動作が可能な電導アクチュエーターを使用し、体内埋め込み型電極410の導電性複合繊維束401が動物の大脳皮質下2mmの深度に設置されるように10~20msecの速度で刺入させることができる。その後、導電性複合繊維束401を体液により膨潤させ、導電性複合繊維束401と針405を接着する前記接着材料を溶解させ、その接着力が弱まった段階で、針405だけを抜去することができる。生体組織中に設置された導電性複合繊維束401は膨潤し、周囲の生体組織と密着する。
第一実施形態の体内埋め込み型電極10は、図30Aに示すように針405の先端に1個の導電性複合繊維束401を備えてもよいし、図30B,30Cに示すように針405に複数の導電性複合繊維束401を備えていてもよい。
図31Aから31Cに示す本発明の第四の態様の第二実施形態の体内埋め込み型電極420は、導電性複合繊維束401が、コイル状に針405の先端部に巻き付けられていること以外は、第一実施形態と同様である。図31Aから31Cにおいて、第四の態様の第一実施形態と同じ構成には同じ符合を付してある。
図32Aから32Dに、本発明の第四の態様の第三実施形態の体内埋め込み型電極430を示す。導電性複合繊維束401の一端部には金属導線402が結線され、他端部には手術用のナイロンモノフィラメント糸406が前述の方法により接着されている。ナイロン製の糸406には手術縫合用の彎曲針405が結び付けられている。
本発明の体内埋め込み型電極を構成する導電性複合繊維及び導電性複合繊維束が体内で体液を吸収する速度は遅延させることが可能である。遅延させる方法は、グリセロール、ソルビトール、エチレングリコール、スクワラン、シリコーン、ミネラルオイル又はMPC(2-メタクリロイルオキシエチルホスホリルコリン)のいずれか1種以上を予め導電性複合繊維(束)に含浸又は塗布しておく方法である。例えば第三実施形態の導電性複合繊維束401にグリセロールを予め含浸させておくことにより、生体内への電極導入が難航して手術時間が長くなったとしても、導電性複合繊維束401の吸水による膨潤及びナイロン糸406の剥離が前記手術中に起きることを防止することができる。導電性複合繊維束401の径を細く維持しておくことにより、電極導入中の生体組織への侵襲を軽減することができる。
本発明の第四実施形態の体内埋め込み型電極440は、図33Aと33Bに示すように、棒状(針状)又は紐状(ケーブル状)に成形された導電性複合繊維(束)401を芯部とし、その芯部の少なくとも一部の周囲が耐水性ポリマー404によって被覆され、芯部の一端部1a(401a)から他端部1bへ液体が浸透する(透過する)ための流路が形成されている。一端部1a及び他端部1bはポリマー404によって被覆されておらず、露出している。
リザーバー407又はチャンバー408に、薬物を含む溶液を貯留することにより、前記溶液が前記流路を浸透して、芯部の一端部1aから他端部1bへ流通することが可能である。従って、他端部1bを生体組織内の所望の位置に設置することにより、他端部1bの周囲に局所的に薬物を投与することができる。
耐水性ポリマー4によって被覆された芯部は、用途に応じて所望の長さ(例えば100μm~10cm)及び太さ(例えば10μm~5mm)で作製可能である。
従来、脳神経系(中枢神経系の組織)に電極を埋め込むと、埋め込み時の侵襲により生じた限定的な障害が拡大し、電極の大きさよりも広い領域にわたって恒久的な障害が生じる問題があり、その解決策が求められている。
本発明の体内埋め込み型電極によれば、例えば次の効果が得られる。
1.柔軟な導電性複合繊維によって構成された生体電極を生体組織内に設置できる。
2.導電性複合繊維と電線(信号ケーブル)の接続を生体内で安定に維持できる。
3.薬物を電極と生体組織の接する部位に定速度で輸送できる。
4.電極の設置(埋め込み)による生体組織(特に脳神経組織)の障害を軽減できる。
5.生体信号の長期間の安定記録が可能となる。
6.電極を神経組織の立体構造に合わせて立体的に設置することができる。
次に実施例を示して本発明の第一の態様をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明の第一の態様は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
<引張強度の評価>
[比較例1-1]
Heraeus CLEVIOS P溶液(Heraeus社製)を乾燥濃縮した液体を平板上に均一に塗布して自然乾燥させ、さらにエタノール固定して作成したPEDOT-PSSフイルム(断面積0.03 mm2、長さ3cm)を試料として、その乾燥状態および湿潤状態(純水を飽和するまで吸収させた状態)の引張強度をそれぞれ調べた結果を図9Aに示す。
グラフから、湿潤状態の PEDOT-PSS線状体の引張強度(右)は、乾燥状態の引張強度(左)の約10%まで、極端に低下していることが明らかである。
乾燥状態および湿潤状態(純水を飽和するまで吸収させた状態)の原料のシルク糸(9号絹糸;株式会社フジックス製、21Dデニールシルク繊維18本の撚り糸、糸の直径約280μm、長さ20cm)の引張強度を調べた結果を図9Bに示す。
また、前記CLEVIOS P液20ccに1時間浸漬後、櫛歯状の多点電極を使用して、1cmあたり3mCの通電による電気化学固定を行い、また有機溶媒としてエタノールを使用して、溶液に含まれる水分の一部を乾燥する際には乾燥空気の吹き付けによって60%の水を除去させた、前述の作成法2bによって得られた、PEDOT-PSSと前記シルク糸(9号絹糸)とからなる直径約280μmの導電性高分子繊維束(以下、PEDOT-PSS シルク繊維束1と呼ぶことがある。)の乾燥状態および湿潤状態(純水を飽和するまで吸収させた状態)の引張強度を調べた結果とを図9Bに示す。なお、グラフの縦軸は最大張度(CN:センチニュートン)を表し、エラーバーは各標本数10の標準偏差を表す。引張強度試験はJIS L 1013規格に従い、定速伸長形試験器(株式会社オリエンテック製、型番RTC-1210A)を使用し、繊維つかみ間隔20cm、引張速度20cm/min、試験回数10回の計測値の平均から最大強度を求めた。
・未加工シルク乾燥;平均値=1350.4、標準偏差=8.11
・未加工シルク湿潤;平均値=1082.9 、標準偏差=12.28
・PEDOT-PSSシルク乾燥;平均値=1238.8、標準偏差=16.93
・PEDOT-PSSシルク湿潤;平均値=1031.4、標準偏差=24.45
また、実施例1-1と比較例1-1の結果から、PEDOT-PSSだけからなる導電性繊維(乾燥状態)に比べて、本発明にかかる導電性高分子繊維(乾燥状態)の引張強度は、約10倍向上していることが明らかである。
[実施例1-2]
実施例1と同様の方法で作成した導電性高分子繊維(PEDOT-PSS シルク繊維束1)について、グリセロールを含浸させた試料Aと、グリセロールを含浸させない試料Bとを準備した。
各試料A, Bを純水に浸漬した状態で、水平振幅5cm、3Hz、10回の条件で振盪を加え、その後自然乾燥させるWashing処理を3セット繰り返し、各試料A, Bの抵抗値の推移を記録した。抵抗値は、直流安定化電源(PAB18-5.5;菊水電子工業社製)及びデジタルマルチメーター (VOAC7511;岩崎通信機社製)を用いてDC5V負荷時の電流量から計算した。抵抗値の測定は、乾燥状態(水分を含まない状態)の試料に対して行った。その結果を図10に示す。なお、グラフの縦軸は繊維径約280ミクロンのPEDOT-PSS シルク繊維束1(乾燥状態)の、長さ1mmあたりの抵抗値(MΩ/mm)を示す。
[実施例1-3]
前述の作成法2bによって得られたPEDOT-PSSと前記シルク糸(9号絹糸)とからなる直径約280μm、長さ300mmの導電性高分子繊維(以下、PEDOT-PSS シルク繊維束2と呼ぶことがある。)を用いて、図11Aに示す様に、固定紐3上にゴムバンド4及び金属導線5を備え、更にPEDOT-PSS シルク繊維束2を電極としてコイル状に巻き付けて、紐状の体表型の生体電極を作製した。この生体電極をヒトの体表面6に設置した。この生体電極を用いてヒト心電図を測定した結果の一例を図11Bに示す。
ヒト心電図を測定する際は、電解質等を含むペースト(ゼリー)を使用することなく、生体電極を構成する電極であるPEDOT-PSS シルク繊維束2を皮膚に接触させて測定することができた。つまり、本発明にかかるPEDOT-PSS シルク繊維束2を備えた生体電極は、強度、柔軟性及び導電性に優れるので、体表面に密着させて装着可能であることが明らかである。
なお、生体電極の設置箇所は、右上肢、左上肢、左下肢の皮膚(体表)上であり、各生体電極を心電計(ポリグラフ、AP1124;TEAC社製)に接続して、双極肢誘導の方法(設定感度2000μV/mm、時間スケール 1秒間 I, II, III誘導)で安静時のヒト心電図を記録した。
[実施例1-4]
前述の作成法1aによって得られたPEDOT-PSSと前記シルク糸(9号絹糸)とからなる直径約280μm、長さ1.5mmの導電性高分子繊維の周囲をシリコーン樹脂で覆って、一部を絶縁した。具体的には、露出部(非絶縁部)の長さを約500μmとし、絶縁被覆部の長さを約1000μmとした。得られた導電性高分子繊維(以下、PEDOT-PSS シルク繊維束3と呼ぶことがある。)の電極抵抗は約500kΩであり、これを金属細線(Xwire、田中貴金属工業社製)に接続して、糸状の埋め込み型の生体電極とした。それを実体顕微鏡で観察した写真を図12A左に示す。
[実施例1-5]
前記シルク糸(9号絹糸)を用いて、前述の作成法2bによって、シルク糸の内部及び外周部にPEDOT-PSSが配された導電性高分子繊維を作製した。具体的には、外周部にPEDOT-PSSを電気化学的に1回コートして乾燥した試料Cと、試料Cに更にグリセロールを含浸させた試料Dと、試料CにPEDOT-PSSを再度、電気化学的にコート(合計2回のコート)を施した試料Eと、試料Eに更にグリセロールを含浸させた試料Fとを準備した。
乾燥状態(水分を含まない状態)の各試料C, D, E, Fの導電率を実施例1-2で記載した抵抗値の測定方法で測定し、各抵抗値を実施例1-2と同様の方法で測定した結果を表1に示す。
得られた結果から、導電率及び抵抗値を向上させるためには、導電体の厚さは厚い方が好ましく(コート回数は1回よりも2回の方が好ましく)、グリセロールは添加した方が好ましいことが明らかである。
以下、実施例により本発明の第二の態様をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明の第二の態様はこれら実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。
本実施例では、機材繊維としてシルク繊維(9号シルク糸:直径約280μm)を準備し、図13及び図15A~Bに示すような、本発明の回転子電極が備えられた製造装置を用いて、シルク繊維の外周部、及び、前記シルク繊維からなる繊維束の内部にPEDOT-PSSを含む導電体が重合固定された導電性高分子繊維を作製した。この際、導電体溶液として、添加物等を用いないものと、グリセロールを添加したものの2種類を調整し、各々、電気化学的な重合固定を行った。
また、得られた導電性高分子繊維について、生理的食塩水(0.9%NaCl溶液:20℃)に1ヶ月間浸漬した後の状態を、実体顕微鏡像(ライカSZを使用)で撮影して耐水性を評価し、その写真を図18Aに示した。
本実施例では、図13に示す製造装置において、図14に示すような櫛歯状電極221、231を用いて通電を行った点を除き、上記実施例2-1と同様の条件及び手順で導電性高分子繊維を作製した。この際、櫛歯状電極221、231として、複数の櫛歯221a、231aの櫛歯間距離(電極間距離)が10mmのものを用いた。
比較例では、従来の化学固定法により、シルク繊維(基材繊維)に対して導電体を固定した点を除き、上記実施例2-1と同様の条件及び手順で、シルク繊維の外周部、及び、前記シルク繊維からなる繊維束の内部にPEDOT-PSSを含む導電体が固定された導電性高分子繊維を作製した。そして、上記同様の方法によって、得られた導電性高分子繊維について、その繊維抵抗及び導電率を測定し、結果を表2に示した。
表2に示す結果のように、本発明に係る製造装置を用い、本発明で規定する製造方法によって、シルク繊維(基材繊維)にPEDOT-PSSを含む導電体を電気化学的に重合固定した実施例1の導電性高分子繊維は、従来の製造装置を用いて化学固定法により作製した比較例の導電性高分子繊維に比べ、添加物の有無に関わらず、繊維抵抗が低く、また、優れた導電性が得られることが明らかとなった。
また、図17Aの写真図に示すように、実施例2-1で得られた導電性高分子繊維は、シルク繊維の表面、及び、その繊維束の内部にまで、PEDOT-PSSを得組む導電体が均一に被覆され、シルク繊維が露出することなく、導電体が固定化していることがわかる。
さらに、図18Aの写真図に示すように、実施例2-1で得られた導電性高分子繊維は、1ヶ月間の耐水性試験後においても、シルク繊維の表面、及び、その繊維束の内部にまで導電体が被覆された状態(シルク繊維表面の黒色)が維持されていることが確認された。
また、比較例2-1で得られた導電性高分子繊維は、図18Bの写真図に示すように、1ヶ月間の耐水性試験後において、シルク繊維が露出した状態(シルク繊維表面の白色~灰色)であることが認められ、ほとんどの導電体が剥離して失われていることが確認された。
次に実施例を示して本発明の第三の態様をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明の第三の態様は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
(実施例3-1;脳波用櫛形電極)
複合繊維化する前のシルク繊維束(株式会社フジックス製、タイヤ 9号、繊維直径約280μm)を、PEDOT-PSS(Clevios P、ドイツ国ヘレウス社製)にEDOT (ドイツ国ヘレウス社製)を0.1%添加した溶液に浸漬した。続いて前記シルク繊維束に通電し、シルク繊維束の表面及び内部に、電気化学的にPEDOT-PSSを固定することにより、シルク繊維束とPEDOT-PSSとの導電性複合繊維を製作した。この導電性複合繊維束を4本束ね、櫛形のポリスチレン製のアーチ状のフレームに張る形に固定し(4カ所、計16本)、図19Aから19Dに示す櫛形の生体電極10を得た。
導電性複合繊維で構成された接触子311と接合される信号ケーブル314として、脳波測定装置(日本光電工業株式会社製)用の信号ケーブルを用いた。この信号ケーブルの被覆を1cm剥いて銅線を露出した上に導電性複合繊維を巻き付け、結紮した。導電性複合繊維と信号ケーブルの接合部はエチレンビニールアルコール系接着剤により絶縁被覆した。
この際、信号ケーブルと共に前記接合部をフレーム端に固定した。
脳波測定における生体電極の使用前に、グリセロールを接触子311(導電性複合繊維)に含浸させた。グリセロールを含浸させることにより、導電性複合繊維の導電性と耐水性が向上するとともに、繊維の柔軟性が改善され、接触子311と頭皮との良好な接触が得られ、脳波の安定した測定が可能となる。本実施例で作製した生体電極310は、幅12mm 長さ35mm厚さ6mm 櫛先端部厚さ2mmの大きさ及び重さ1.1g(電極部のみ ケーブル重量含まず)であり、薄型化及び軽量化されている。さらに、櫛形の形状であるため、生体電極310を頭髪の下に隠して装着できる。
実施例1と同じ導電性複合繊維を使用した。フレームとして、長さ3.5cmのヘアーピン形髪止めを使用した。前記ヘアーピンはスチール製であり、その表面はウレタン系樹脂で塗装されている。脳波測定用信号ケーブル(日本光電株式会社製)の被覆を3cm剥き、露出した銅線の上に導電性複合繊維を2重に巻き付け、太さ約1mmの接触子とした(図21C)。2本の接触子をエチレンビニール製の支持体を介してヘアーピンのU字フレームの両端に固定し、図20A~20Dに示すヘアーピン形の生体電極320を得た。本実施例で作製した生体電極320は、長さ35mm 横幅2-5mm高さ3mm の大きさ及び重さ0.5g(電極部のみ ケーブル重量含まず)である。生体電極320を用いて脳波測定を行う場合、電極自体が頭髪を把持することができるため、自立的な固定が可能であり、伸縮性ネット等のホルダーは使用しても使用しなくても良い。
測定する生体信号の安定性及びノイズの発生を比較する目的で、以下の3種の電極1~3を同じ1頭の実験動物(ラット)の体表面に設置し、心電図を同時測定し、測定波形の比較を行った。
・電極1(本発明の第二実施形態にかかる電極);実施例3-1と同様に作製した導電性複合繊維にグリセロールを含浸させた繊維(長さ12mm)を30本配列した接触子をラット体表面に設置し、後述する2種の方法で固定した。
・電極2(従来型);銀-塩化銀電極に導電性ゲルを塗布した電極(F120S、日本光電工業株式会社製)をラット体表面に設置し、後述する2種の方法で固定した。
・電極3(従来型テキスタイル電極);銀コートが施された繊維織布を備えた市販のスポーツ心拍数計用の電極(商品名:Smart Fabric Sensor、WearLink+ strap 電極)、ポラール社製)をラット体表面に設置し、後述する2種の方法で固定した。
まず、各電極の上にPVC製シート基板を載せて構成した電極パッドを伸縮性のバンドで圧迫固定した場合、3種の電極から得られる信号はほぼ同一であり、安定して信号を記録できた。次に、バンドを除去し、医療用粘着テープ(シルキーポア)(登録商標)で固定した場合、電極1及び電極2からは、ラットの安静時及び体動時のいずれの状態においても安定した信号が記録された。しかし、電極3からの信号は、体動により基線が動揺し、ハムノイズの混入が認められた。以上の結果から、本発明の第二実施形態にかかる電極1により測定した信号の安定性は、医療用の電極2に近似しており、テキスタイル電極3よりも優れていることが明らかである。
生体電極を貼付した皮膚の蒸れに伴う皮膚水分量の変化を皮膚水分量測定装置(コルネオメーター)で測定し、従来型の生体電極と本発明の第二実施形態にかかる生体電極の貼付6時間後の皮膚水分量を比較した。ヒト成人男性前腕の皮膚を測定部位として用いた。
被験者は室温26度湿度40%の環境でパソコン等のデスクワークを行った。各電極の貼り付け前と6時間後の各電極貼り付け部位の皮膚水分量を皮膚水分量測定機器(TK59823、ドイツ国Courage + Khazaka electronic社製)で測定した。測定結果を図10に示す。
電極Bは、実施例3-1と同様に作製した導電性複合繊維にグリセロールを含浸させ、20x30mmのPVC製のシート状基板に30本並列し、7x12mm接触子を構成した、図25Aに示す形態の生体電極である。シート状基板には面積20mm2の開口部が2個設けられ、PVC製シート表面に塗布した粘着剤により皮膚表面に固定した。
電極Cは、開口部が設けられていないシート状基板を使用した以外は電極Bと同じ構成を有する。
電極Dは、導電性粘着ゲルを使用した銀-塩化銀の医療用生体電極(F120S、18x35mm、日本光電工業株式会社製)である。
電極Eは、高粘着性フォームパッドを使用した銀-塩化銀の医療用生体電極(M150、日本光電工業株式会社製 直径40mm)である。
生体電極B~Dは被験者の前腕に自立的に固定された状態で使用された。
・生体電極と皮膚の合成抵抗の比較
ヒト前腕皮膚に、以下の3種の生体電極4~6を電極間隔5cmでそれぞれ設置し、各生体電極と皮膚の合成抵抗を生体電極インピーダンス計(メロンテクノス株式会社製)を使用して、10Hz、正弦波の条件により測定した。この測定結果を、下記電極4の結果を「1」として、電極面積により正規化した抵抗比を図以下の表に示す。また、各電極の接触面積、インピーダンスを併記する。上記結果から、本発明の第二実施形態にかかる生体電極4の面積あたりのインピーダンスがもっとも低いことが示された。なお、接触面が乾燥状態である場合のスポーツ用生体電極6のインピーダンスは非常に高く、使用した測定機器では計測不能であった。
・電極5(従来型);銀-塩化銀電極に導電性ゲルを塗布した電極(Vitrode F 150S、日本光電工業株式会社製)を皮膚表面に設置し、電極4で使用したシート状基板を上から被せて、伸縮性バンドで固定した。この際、ヒト前腕皮膚の表面と電極5の接触面積は630mm2であった。
・電極6(従来型スポーツ用生体電極);銀コートが施されたナイロン製の繊維織布を備えた市販のスポーツ心拍数計用の電極(Smart Fabric Sensor、WearLink+ strap 電極)、ポラール社製)を皮膚表面に設置し、伸縮性バンドで固定した。この際、ヒト前腕皮膚の表面と電極6の接触面積は600mm2であった。
以下に、各生体電極と皮膚の合成抵抗を測定した結果を示す。
導電性複合繊維を備えた下記電極7と、電解質溶液を使用した従来型の下記電極8の周波数特性を比較する目的で、オートラボ(PGSTAT、Metrohm Autolab社製)を使用して両電極の周波数特性を測定した結果を以下の表に示す。本発明の第三の態様の第二実施形態にかかる下記電極7のインピーダンスは、10Hz-10KHzの領域において、塩化ナトリウム電解質溶液を含浸させたシルク繊維からなる下記電極8のインピーダンスよりも低いことが示された。
・電極8は、電極7を構成するシルク繊維(繊維径280ミクロン)に0.9%塩化ナトリウム電解質溶液を含浸させて得られた電極(長さ2cm)である。
以下に、各電極の周波数特性を測定した結果を示す。
次に実施例を示して本発明の第四の態様をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明の第四の態様は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
(導電性複合繊維を用いた体内埋め込み型電極の作製)
複合繊維化する前のシルク繊維束(株式会社フジックス製、タイヤ 9号、繊維直径約280μm)を、PEDOT-PSS(Clevios P、ドイツ国ヘレウス社製)にEDOT (ドイツ国ヘレウス社製)を0.1%添加した溶液に浸漬した。続いて櫛形電極を用いて前記シルク繊維束に通電し、シルク繊維束の表面及び内部に、電気化学的にPEDOT-PSSを固定することにより、シルク繊維束とPEDOT-PSSとの導電性複合繊維束を得た。
SDラットをイソフルレン麻酔し、頭蓋骨に開窓を行い、硬膜を除去して大脳皮質を露出させた。脳固定装置(SR-6R、株式会社ナリシゲ社製)のマイクロマニピュレーター上に固定した電動式アクチュエーター(RCD 株式会社IAI社製)を用い、大脳皮質内へ前記体内埋め込み型電極を設置した。具体的には、左バレル皮質に前記電極の先端が皮質下2mmに達する深度へ、0.01~0.02秒間で刺入した。前記導電性複合繊維束に結紮されたプラチナイリジウム線を脳神経信号測定記録解析装置(型番:RZ51、米国TDT社製)のヘッドアンプに接続した。リファレンス電極として銀塩化銀線を皮質上に設置し、ボディーアースとして銀塩化銀線を頭蓋下に設置した。測定した信号は専用ソフト(Open EX, open explorer TDT)によって記録及び解析した。
上記刺入方法により、ラット脳内の左バレル皮質の2カ所において深さ2mmの位置に繊維径200ミクロン且つ繊維長1mmの前記体内埋め込み型電極を設置した。この際、電極間距離は2mmであった。前記電極により記録したラットの大脳皮質(バレル皮質)の活動電位を図35Aに示す。上段のグラフと下段のグラフは、設置した2つの電極がそれぞれ検出した信号である。ラットの右側の髭への機械的刺激により、設置した2つの電極からバースト状の集合活動電位が記録された。また、2つの電極の波形には同期した集合電位(↓:矢印)と非同期の集合電位(▼印)が認められた。
(体内埋め込み型電極の作製)
実施例4-1と同様に作製した導電性複合繊維束(長さ3mm、線径50ミクロン)をグリセロールに浸漬し、繊維内にグリセロールを含浸させた。得られた導電性複合繊維束の片端に挿入ガイド用の糸を結合した。挿入ガイド用の糸として、マイクロサージェリー用の彎曲針付きナイロンモノフィラメント縫合糸(太さ:10-0、S&T社製)を使用した。前記導電性複合繊維束のもう一方の端に、金線(Xワイヤー、田中貴金属工業株式会社製)の絶縁被覆を除いた裸線を巻き付けて固定し、固定部をPDMS (商品名:シルガード184、東レダウコーニング社製)で被覆した。
ウイスターラットをイソフルレン麻酔し、左後肢に皮膚切開を加え、左坐骨神経を露出した。顕微鏡下で坐骨神経束の外膜に10-0のガイド糸を刺入した。次にガイド糸に結合した前記導電性複合繊維束を、ガイド糸を引いて坐骨神経束内に導入した。前記導電性複合繊維束には吸水速度の遅延加工が施されているため、すなわちグリセロールが含浸されていることにより吸水速度が遅くなっているため、手術操作中に明らかな膨張はせず、組織内(神経外膜下)に挿入された。前記導電性複合繊維束は挿入の15分後には膨張し組織内に固定された。電極の固定後に測定したラットの座骨神経の集合活動電位(Scalebar 1秒 50μV)を図35Bに示す。
(ラットの心電図の記録)
実施例4-1と同様に作製した導電性複合繊維束(長さ20mm、線径280ミクロン)を用いてラットの心電図を記録した。イソフルレン麻酔下で、ラットの右前胸部、左前胸部及び季肋部の3カ所の皮膚下組織層に、前記導電性複合繊維束を結紮することにより、体内埋め込み型電極を皮下組織に設置した。絶縁性及び耐水性ポリマーにより被覆された金属製電線を介して、前記電極を構成する導電性複合繊維束をポリグラフ(AP1124、ティアック株式会社製)の前置増幅器の信号ケーブルに接続した。サンプリング周波数1kHzで記録したラットの心電図(双極誘導)(Scale bar 1秒 50mV)を図35Cに示す。
(埋め込み型生体電極を活用した薬物輸送(ドラッグデリバリー))
実施例1と同じ方法で、ただし比較的長く作製した導電性複合繊維束の一方の端部に、薬剤溶液を貯留したシリコーン製のバッグをリザーバーとして接続した。この際、PDMS(商品名:シルガード184、東レダウコーニング社製)を用いて前記導電性複合繊維束の外表面を被覆(シール)し、薬物の輸送経路を構成した。この被覆により、前記導電性複合繊維束を芯部に備え、PDMS製のチューブが前記輸送経路の外殻を構成する体内埋め込み型生体電極を得た。
まず、実施例4-1と同じ方法で作製した導電性複合繊維束(長さ20mm、線径280ミクロン)の中央部を長さ5mmに亘ってPDMSで被覆し、前記導電性複合繊維束の一方の端を、蛍光物質のルシファーイエロー100μMを含む生理的食塩水1mLを入れたチャンバーに浸し、他方の端を普通の(蛍光物質を含まない)生理的食塩水0.5mLを入れたディッシュに投入した。ルシファーイエローを入れたチャンバーの液の水位が、普通の生理的食塩水を入れたディッシュの水位よりも5mm高くなるように設定した。これらを37度の恒温室中に静置し、前記ディッシュ中の生理的食塩水に含まれるルシファーイエローの濃度を、設置後0,1,2,3,4,7日目に測定した。測定には蛍光強度測定装置(マルチラベルカウンター、ALVO SX1420、パーキンエルマー社製)を用い、蛍光測定法にて測定した。測定結果を図36に示す。
実施例4-4と同様に中央部がPDMSにより被覆された導電性複合繊維束を準備した。ただし、PDMSで被覆する前に前記導電性複合繊維束にグリセロールを含浸させた。この導電性複合繊維束を用いて、実施例4-4と同様に薬物輸送速度を測定したところ、ディッシュ中のルシファーイエローの濃度は6.7μM/dayの速度で上昇した(図36、■のプロット及び実線)。この結果から、グリセロールを導電性複合繊維へ添加したことによって、薬物輸送速度が上昇することが示された。
(電極による中枢神経組織に対する侵襲性の評価)
中枢神経系の組織への生体電極の埋め込みによって、中枢神経系の組織に電極の大きさよりも広い領域に恒久的な障害が発生し、測定の障害になることが従来から問題になっており、その解決策が求められている。本発明にかかる実施例4-4で作製した生体内埋め込み型電極の脳内への刺入後、前記電極の前記流路(薬物輸送路)を介して、中枢神経組織の障害を軽減する効果を持つ薬物を投与(GSNO:S-Nitrosoglutathione)することにより、前記電極の埋め込みによって中枢神経組織に与えられる障害(侵襲)を軽減できるかを、動物実験により検討した(図34B~34D)。
薬物輸送の速度は、前記薬物輸送路に接続した小型浸透圧ポンプ(米国アルゼット社製)により調節した。抗炎症剤を投与した本実施例の場合、組織欠損は従来型電極と比較して小さく、組織欠損は電極設置部(点線の領域)に限られていた(図34C)。また、神経組織のグリア細胞の増殖は軽度であり、電極との接触部に明確なグリア瘢痕は認められなかった(図34C)。図34Cにおいては、電極の周囲にGSNOが投与されており、電極埋め込み後7日目においても組織欠損は電極の設置領域(点線)に限局し、組織中のグリア細胞の増殖も少なかった。
比較するために、図34Bに、電極を埋め込んでいない正常な大脳皮質のグリア細胞の蛍光免疫染色像を示す。
PEDOT-PSSを含む導電体を基材繊維に含浸あるいは付着させ、電気化学的に連続的に重合固定することができ、導電性と耐久性に優れた導電性高分子繊維を生産性良く製造することが可能な、導電性高分子繊維の製造方法及び製造装置を提供する。
本発明にかかる生体電極は、医療をはじめ、ヘルスプロモーションやインフォメーションテクノロジー、ウエアラブルコンピューターなどの幅広い分野において、長時間の連続使用が可能な体表面装着型の生体電極として広く利用可能である。従来よりも装着感が向上した生体電極及びその生体電極が備えられた生体信号測定装置の提供できる。
本発明にかかる体内埋め込み型電極は、医療をはじめ、ヘルスプロモーションやインフォメーションテクノロジー、ウエアラブルコンピューターなどの幅広い分野において、体内埋め込み型の生体電極として広く利用可能である。より具体的には、例えば、深部脳刺激等の電気刺激治療、埋め込み型の神経活動記録用電極、ブレインマシンインターフェース等に利用することができる。
生体内の微弱な電気信号を検出することが可能であり、生体親和性に優れ、生体組織への侵襲性が低い体内埋め込み型電極を提供できる。
3…固定紐
4…ゴムバンド
5…金属導線
6…ヒトの体表面
33…金属又はカーボン
34…導電体
54…導電体
63…絶縁層
L…基材繊維の直径
h…被覆された導電体の厚さ
10,20,30,40,50,60…導電性高分子繊維
11,21,31,41,51,61…基材繊維
12,22,32,42,52,62…導電体
210、250…導電性高分子繊維の製造装置(製造装置)
202…複数の電極(陽極)
221…櫛歯状電極(複数の電極;陽極)
221a…櫛歯(電極)
221b…端子
222…回転子電極(プーリー状の電極)
222a…プーリー
222b…溝部
222c…金属軸部
203…複数の電極(陰極)
231…櫛歯状電極(複数の電極;陰極)
231a…櫛歯(電極)
231b…端子
232…回転子電極(ローラー状の電極)
232a…ローラー
232b…外周面
232c…金属軸部
252…単数(単極)の電極(陽極)
253…単数(単極)の電極(陰極)
204…導電体の溶液
205、255…浸漬容器
206、256…糸巻き
207、257…チャンバー(調湿部)
208、258…乾燥部
209、259…巻き取り部
311…接触子
312…第一フレーム
313…第二フレーム
314…信号ケーブル
H…毛髪(頭髪)
S…皮膚(頭皮)
320…生体電極
321…接触子
322…第三フレーム
323…第四フレーム
324…信号ケーブル
321a…導電性複合繊維
321b…金属製線材
321c…絶縁性被覆材
321e…導電性複合繊維
321f…金属細線
321g…芯材
321z…絶縁性被覆材
N…低緊張性ネット
330…生体電極
331…接触子
332…接触部
333…基板(基材)
334…信号ケーブル
335…ホルダー
336…開口部
337…調湿用パッド
338…電極パッド
339…アンプ(外部装置)
B…身体(躯幹)
T…下着(シャツ)
401…導電性複合繊維束
402…電線(金属導線)
403…結線部
404…ポリマー
405…針(ガイド針)
406…糸
407…リザーバー
408…チャンバー
409…チューブコネクター
410,420,430,440…体内埋め込み型電極
N’…神経索
Claims (33)
- 基材繊維に、導電性高分子を含む導電体が含浸及び/又は付着されてなり、前記導電性高分子がPEDOT-PSSであることを特徴とする導電性高分子繊維。
- 前記導電体は、添加剤としてグリセロール、ソルビトール、ポリエチレングリコール‐ポリプロピレングリコールコポリマー、エチレングリコール、スフィンゴシン又はホスファチジルコリンを含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の導電性高分子繊維。
- 前記導電体が、前記基材繊維の周囲に被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の導電性高分子繊維。
- 前記基材繊維内に前記導電体が含浸されていることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の導電性高分子繊維。
- 前記基材繊維内に前記導電体が含浸され、前記基材繊維の周囲に金属又はカーボンが被覆され、さらに前記被覆された金属又はカーボンの周囲に前記導電体が被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の導電性高分子繊維。
- 複数の前記基材繊維の間に、前記導電体が前記基材繊維に密着して配されていることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の導電性高分子繊維。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の導電性高分子繊維の周囲に、さらに絶縁層が配されていることを特徴とする導電性高分子繊維。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の導電性高分子繊維を電極として備えたことを特徴とする生体電極。
- 糸状、紐状、布状又はリボン状の繊維束からなる絶縁性の基材繊維を、導電性高分子としてPEDOT-PSSを含む導電体の溶液に浸漬することにより、前記基材繊維に前記導電体を含浸及び/又は付着させる浸漬工程と、
前記基材繊維を前記導電体の溶液から垂直に引き上げながら電極間で走行させて通電することにより、前記基材繊維に含浸及び/又は付着した前記導電体を電気化学的に重合固定する固定工程と、
前記導電体が重合固定された前記基材繊維を送風乾燥する乾燥工程と、を順次備えてなり、
さらに、前記浸漬工程、前記固定工程及び前記乾燥工程の各々を、雰囲気湿度を調湿しながら行うことを特徴とする導電性高分子繊維の製造方法。 - 前記固定工程は、
前記電極として複数の電極を用い、且つ、前記複数の電極が、前記基材繊維の長手方向で複数備えられた櫛歯を有する櫛歯状電極とされており、
前記櫛歯状電極は、前記基材繊維の径方向両側から前記基材繊維を挟み込むように配置されているとともに、前記複数の櫛歯が、前記基材繊維の径方向両側から、前記基材繊維の長手方向で各々交互に組み合わせられるように配置されており、
前記基材繊維に対して、径方向両側から前記櫛歯状電極に備えられる前記複数の櫛歯を押し当てつつガイドしながら、前記基材繊維を走行させて通電することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の導電性高分子繊維の製造方法。 - 前記固定工程は、
前記電極として複数の電極を用い、且つ、前記複数の電極が、前記基材繊維の長手方向で複数配置されるとともに、前記基材繊維の径方向両側から前記基材繊維を挟み込むように配置された回転子電極とされており、
前記基材繊維の径方向における一方の側に配置された回転子電極がローラー状とされるとともに、他方の側に配置された回転子電極がプーリー状とされており、
前記基材繊維の両側に配置された前記回転子電極が、前記基材繊維の長手方向で各々交互に配置されており、
前記基材繊維に前記ローラー状の回転子電極を押し当てつつ、前記プーリー状の回転子電極に形成された溝部でガイドしながら、前記基材繊維を複数の各電極間で走行させて通電することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の導電性高分子繊維の製造方法。 - 前記固定工程は、
前記基材繊維を、前記ローラー状の回転子電極で押し当てつつ、前記プーリー状の回転子電極の溝部でガイドすることで繊維束の配列形状を整えることにより、前記基材繊維に含浸及び/又は付着する前記導電体の量を調整しながら通電を行うことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の導電性高分子繊維の製造方法。 - 導電性高分子としてPEDOT-PSSを含む導電体の溶液が内部に収容され、糸状、紐状、布状又はリボン状の繊維束からなる絶縁性の基材繊維を前記導電体の溶液に浸漬させることで、前記基材繊維に前記導電体を含浸及び/又は付着させるための浸漬容器と、
前記基材繊維を前記浸漬容器に収容された前記導電体の溶液から垂直に引き上げるための巻き取り部と、
前記垂直に引き上げられる基材繊維を走行させながら通電することで、前記基材繊維に含浸及び/又は付着した前記導電体を電気化学的に重合固定する電極と、
前記導電体が重合固定された前記基材繊維に向けて送風することで乾燥させるための乾燥部と、
前記基材繊維の近傍における雰囲気湿度を調整するための調湿部と、を具備してなることを特徴とする導電性高分子繊維の製造装置。 - 前記電極が複数の電極からなり、且つ、前記複数の電極が、前記基材繊維の長手方向で複数備えられた櫛歯を有する櫛歯状電極であり、前記櫛歯状電極は、前記基材繊維の径方向両側から前記基材繊維を挟み込むように配置されるとともに、前記複数の櫛歯が、前記基材繊維の径方向両側から、前記基材繊維の長手方向で各々交互に組み合わせられるように配置されており、
前記櫛歯状電極に備えられる前記複数の櫛歯を、前記基材繊維の径方向両側から押し当てつつガイドしながら、前記基材繊維を走行させて通電することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の導電性高分子繊維の製造装置。 - 前記電極が複数の電極からなり、且つ、前記複数の電極が、前記基材繊維の長手方向で複数配置されるとともに、前記基材繊維の径方向両側から前記基材繊維を挟み込むように配置された回転子電極であり、
前記基材繊維の径方向における一方の側に配置される回転子電極がローラー状であるとともに、他方の側に配置された回転子電極がプーリー状であり、
前記基材繊維の両側に配置される前記回転子電極が、前記基材繊維の長手方向で各々交互に配置されており、
前記基材繊維に前記ローラー状の回転子電極を押し当てつつ、前記プーリー状の回転子電極に形成された溝部でガイドしながら、前記基材繊維を複数の各電極間で走行させて通電することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の導電性高分子繊維の製造装置。 - 前記複数の電極は、前記ローラー状の回転子電極を前記基材繊維に押し当てつつ、前記プーリー状の回転子電極の溝部でガイドすることで繊維束の配列形状を整えることにより、前記基材繊維に含浸及び/又は付着する前記導電体の量を調整しながら通電を行うことを特徴とする請求項15に記載の導電性高分子繊維の製造装置。
- 導電性高分子を含有する導電性複合繊維を用いたことを特徴とする生体電極。
- 前記導電性複合繊維により構成された、紐状、帯状又は布状の接触子が備えられていることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の生体電極。
- 前記接触子は、前記導電性複合繊維が複数束ねられて形成されている又は前記導電性複合繊維が金属製線材に巻き付けられて形成されていることを特徴とする請求項18に記載の生体電極。
- 前記導電性複合繊維が、皮膚に対する吸着性又は親水性を有することを特徴とする請求項17~19のいずれか一項に記載の生体電極。
- 前記接触子が弓形又はヘアーピン形のフレームによって支持されていることを特徴とする請求項18~20のいずれか一項に記載の生体電極。
- 前記接触子がシート状基材の表面に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項18~20のいずれか一項に記載の生体電極。
- 前記シート状基材の裏面に伸縮性のホルダーが備えられ、前記裏面に沿って前記ホルダーが摺動可能に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項22に記載の生体電極。
- 請求項17~23のいずれか一項に記載の生体電極が備えられたことを特徴とする生体信号測定装置。
- 導電性高分子を含有する導電性複合繊維を備えたことを特徴とする体内埋め込み型電極。
- 前記導電性複合繊維が、棒状又はコイル状に成形されていることを特徴とする請求項25に記載の体内埋め込み型電極。
- 前記導電性複合繊維が、針の先端部に接着されていることを特徴とする請求項25又は26に記載の体内埋め込み型電極。
- 前記導電性複合繊維が、水溶性の接着性材料を介して、前記針に接着されていることを特徴とする請求項27に記載の体内埋め込み型電極。
- 前記導電性複合繊維が乾燥収縮状態であることを特徴とする請求項25~28のいずれか一項に記載の体内埋め込み型電極。
- 前記導電性複合繊維に金属製、シリコン製又はカーボン製の電線が接続されていることを特徴とする請求項25~29のいずれか一項に記載の体内埋め込み型電極。
- 棒状又は紐状に成形された前記導電性複合繊維を芯部とし、その少なくとも一部の周囲が耐水性ポリマーによって被覆され、前記被覆された芯部の一端部から他端部へ液体が浸透するための流路が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項25~30のいずれか一項に記載の体内埋め込み型電極。
- 前記流路に、薬物を含有する溶液が含まれていることを特徴とする請求項31に記載の体内埋め込み型電極。
- 請求項25~32のいずれか一項に記載の体内埋め込み型電極が備えられたことを特徴とする生体信号測定装置。
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP17162838.1A EP3202317B1 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-16 | Conductive polymer fibers, method and device for producing conductive polymer fibers, biological electrode, device for measuring biological signals, implantable electrode, and device for measuring biological signals |
US13/261,900 US10153065B2 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-16 | Conductive polymer fibers, method and device for producing conductive polymer fibers, biological electrode, device for measuring biological signals, implantable electrode, and device for measuring biological signals |
CN201280056491.0A CN103930612B (zh) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-16 | 导电性高分子纤维、导电性高分子纤维的制造方法以及制造装置、生物体电极、生物体信号测定装置、体内嵌入型电极以及生物体信号测定装置 |
EP15171688.3A EP3001947B1 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-16 | Biological electrode and device for measuring biological signals |
EP12850492.5A EP2767632B1 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-16 | Conductive polymer fibers, biological electrode and implantable electrode |
EP22169318.7A EP4052648A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-16 | Conductive polymer fibers, method and device for producing conductive polymer fibers, biological electrode, device for measuring biological signals, implantable electrode, and device for measuring biological signals |
JP2013544344A JP5706539B2 (ja) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-16 | 導電性高分子繊維、生体電極、体内埋め込み型電極、および生体信号測定装置 |
US16/171,589 US11862359B2 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2018-10-26 | Conductive polymer fibers, method and device for producing conductive polymer fibers, biological electrode, device for measuring biological signals, implantable electrode, and device for measuring biological signals |
US18/385,352 US20240145112A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2023-10-30 | Conductive Polymer Fibers, Method And Device For Producing Conductive Polymer Fibers, Biological Electrode, Device For Measuring Biological Signals, Implantable Electrode, And Device For Measuring Biological Signals |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011251524 | 2011-11-17 | ||
JP2011-251524 | 2011-11-17 | ||
JP2012-185343 | 2012-08-24 | ||
JP2012185343 | 2012-08-24 | ||
JP2012-189102 | 2012-08-29 | ||
JP2012189102 | 2012-08-29 | ||
JP2012-212998 | 2012-09-26 | ||
JP2012212998 | 2012-09-26 |
Related Child Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/261,900 A-371-Of-International US10153065B2 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-16 | Conductive polymer fibers, method and device for producing conductive polymer fibers, biological electrode, device for measuring biological signals, implantable electrode, and device for measuring biological signals |
EP15171688.3A Previously-Filed-Application EP3001947B1 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-16 | Biological electrode and device for measuring biological signals |
US16/171,589 Continuation US11862359B2 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2018-10-26 | Conductive polymer fibers, method and device for producing conductive polymer fibers, biological electrode, device for measuring biological signals, implantable electrode, and device for measuring biological signals |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013073673A1 true WO2013073673A1 (ja) | 2013-05-23 |
Family
ID=48429726
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/079805 WO2013073673A1 (ja) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-16 | 導電性高分子繊維、導電性高分子繊維の製造方法及び製造装置、生体電極、生体信号測定装置、体内埋め込み型電極、および生体信号測定装置 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US10153065B2 (ja) |
EP (4) | EP4052648A1 (ja) |
JP (11) | JP5706539B2 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN103930612B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013073673A1 (ja) |
Cited By (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103469578A (zh) * | 2013-09-23 | 2013-12-25 | 青岛大学 | 一种防紫外线防电磁辐射纺织面料的制备方法 |
JP2014233541A (ja) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-12-15 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 導電性複合繊維を含むカテーテル |
JP2014234567A (ja) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-12-15 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 導電性繊維の製造方法及び装置 |
JP2014237900A (ja) * | 2013-06-06 | 2014-12-18 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 導電性繊維の製造方法及び装置 |
JP2015077226A (ja) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-23 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | ウエアラブル電極 |
JP2015140493A (ja) * | 2014-01-28 | 2015-08-03 | 東レ株式会社 | マルチフィラメント糸およびそれを用いた繊維構造物 |
WO2015115441A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-28 | 2015-08-06 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 生体信号検出衣料 |
WO2015115440A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-28 | 2015-08-06 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 電極部材および装置 |
JP2016002368A (ja) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-01-12 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 経皮薬物送達システム |
WO2016031872A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-03-03 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 導電性材およびその製造方法、ならびに生体電極 |
JP2016082132A (ja) * | 2014-10-20 | 2016-05-16 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 熱電変換素子及び熱電変換モジュール |
KR20160119515A (ko) * | 2015-04-06 | 2016-10-14 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 신체 장착형 전기 자극 교정장치 |
JP2017008428A (ja) * | 2015-06-18 | 2017-01-12 | ナガセケムテックス株式会社 | 導電性組成物 |
JP2017158858A (ja) * | 2016-03-10 | 2017-09-14 | グンゼ株式会社 | 透水性導電部を備えた衣類 |
WO2017183463A1 (ja) | 2016-04-18 | 2017-10-26 | 東レ株式会社 | 導電性繊維構造物、電極部材および導電性繊維構造物の製造方法 |
JP2018503481A (ja) * | 2014-12-08 | 2018-02-08 | マイブレイン テクノロジーズ | 生体信号を取得するためのヘッドセット |
WO2018059426A1 (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | 胡秋明 | 弹簧接触式心脏起搏导线 |
JP2018087398A (ja) * | 2016-02-12 | 2018-06-07 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 衣服型電子機器 |
JP2018110845A (ja) * | 2017-01-06 | 2018-07-19 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 生体電極組成物、生体電極及び生体電極の製造方法 |
JP2018122134A (ja) * | 2018-04-06 | 2018-08-09 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 固定用部品 |
JP2018126496A (ja) * | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-16 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 生体電極組成物、生体電極、生体電極の製造方法、及び高分子化合物 |
CN110338781A (zh) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-18 | 广西师范大学 | 一种非金属柔性干电极及其制备方法 |
JP2020017616A (ja) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-30 | 日立化成株式会社 | 回路板 |
JP2020051896A (ja) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-02 | セーレン株式会社 | 導電性繊維糸の電気抵抗測定装置 |
WO2020095589A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-14 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | 生体用電極、生体センサーおよび生体信号測定システム |
CN111198219A (zh) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-05-26 | 苏州微湃医疗科技有限公司 | 一种用于汗液检测的可穿戴式生物传感器 |
WO2020111157A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-04 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | 導電材料及びその製造方法 |
CN111578657A (zh) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-25 | 嘉兴达宝文线缆有限公司 | 具有安全防护机构的线缆外护套加工用热风干燥装置 |
JP2021029421A (ja) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-03-01 | エーアイシルク株式会社 | 電気刺激装置 |
JP2021515854A (ja) * | 2018-03-02 | 2021-06-24 | メゾマット インコーポレイテッド | ナノ材料被覆繊維 |
JP2021517848A (ja) * | 2018-02-15 | 2021-07-29 | サントル ナショナル ドゥ ラ ルシェルシュ シアンティフィック | 可搬型脳波計 |
US20210307665A1 (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-10-07 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Bio-electrode, method for manufacturing bio-electrode, and method for measuring biological signal |
JPWO2020054100A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-14 | 2021-10-21 | 株式会社アイシン | 微細水放出装置 |
KR20210134372A (ko) | 2019-03-03 | 2021-11-09 | 고쿠리츠다이가쿠호진 도호쿠다이가쿠 | 전자파 차폐재 |
JP2022511738A (ja) * | 2018-11-21 | 2022-02-01 | ボード オブ リージェンツ,ザ ユニバーシティ オブ テキサス システム | 金属化グラフェン繊維の作製方法および生体電子用途 |
Families Citing this family (88)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20180228394A1 (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2018-08-16 | Emtee Associates, L.P. | Systems and Methods for Assisting a Subject to Learn to Independently Identify and Alter His or Her Brain State |
EP4052648A1 (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2022-09-07 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Conductive polymer fibers, method and device for producing conductive polymer fibers, biological electrode, device for measuring biological signals, implantable electrode, and device for measuring biological signals |
US9817440B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2017-11-14 | L.I.F.E. Corporation S.A. | Garments having stretchable and conductive ink |
US10159440B2 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2018-12-25 | L.I.F.E. Corporation S.A. | Physiological monitoring garments |
US11246213B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2022-02-08 | L.I.F.E. Corporation S.A. | Physiological monitoring garments |
US10462898B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2019-10-29 | L.I.F.E. Corporation S.A. | Physiological monitoring garments |
US10201310B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2019-02-12 | L.I.F.E. Corporation S.A. | Calibration packaging apparatuses for physiological monitoring garments |
US8945328B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2015-02-03 | L.I.F.E. Corporation S.A. | Methods of making garments having stretchable and conductive ink |
ES2705526T3 (es) | 2012-09-11 | 2019-03-25 | Life Corp Sa | Plataforma de comunicación ponible |
KR101445148B1 (ko) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-10-01 | 주식회사 이노테라피 | 생체 이식형 전극 어셈블리 |
WO2015103620A1 (en) | 2014-01-06 | 2015-07-09 | Andrea Aliverti | Systems and methods to automatically determine garment fit |
US9498142B2 (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-11-22 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Multi-layered structure and method |
US10307103B2 (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2019-06-04 | Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. | Pad for electrodes |
US11234628B2 (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2022-02-01 | Scienceplusplease, Llc | Non-invasive systems and methods to detect cortical spreading depression for the detection and assessment of brain injury and concussion |
KR101979335B1 (ko) | 2014-12-08 | 2019-05-16 | 니폰 덴신 덴와 가부시끼가이샤 | 생체전극과 의복 |
CN104393194A (zh) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-04 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种柔性电极、其制作方法、电子皮肤及柔性显示装置 |
CN104599748A (zh) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-06 | 江苏昌盛电缆集团有限公司 | 仿生型石墨烯导线 |
EP3245948B1 (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2021-03-24 | Toyobo Co., Ltd. | Stretchable electrode sheet and biological information measurement interface |
JP6695321B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-12 | 2020-05-20 | タツタ電線株式会社 | 生体用電極具 |
WO2016148249A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-22 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 電極素子及び電極の生産方法、並びに、当該電極を用いる測定システムの作製 |
WO2016161147A1 (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2016-10-06 | The Regents Of The University Of Colorado, A Body Corporate | Conductive polymeric compositions and applications |
WO2016166740A1 (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2016-10-20 | Universidade Do Minho | Cap with retractable electrode pins for use in eeg |
US11330984B2 (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2022-05-17 | The Trustees Of The Stevens Institute Of Technology | Wearable graphene sensors |
JP6431606B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-08 | 2018-11-28 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | ウエアラブル電極 |
WO2017007021A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-01-12 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 生体電極及びウエアラブル電極 |
ES2831724T3 (es) | 2015-07-08 | 2021-06-09 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone | Electrodo para llevar en el cuerpo |
EP3324831A1 (en) | 2015-07-20 | 2018-05-30 | L.I.F.E. Corporation S.A. | Flexible fabric ribbon connectors for garments with sensors and electronics |
JP6524867B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-02 | 2019-06-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ネックバンド型生体情報検出装置 |
JP6926417B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-24 | 2021-08-25 | 株式会社アイシン | 調湿素子および調湿素子を用いた調湿装置 |
CN105448421A (zh) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-30 | 山东华能线缆有限公司 | 环保型防鼠啃咬低衰减舰船用通信电缆 |
US20190078247A1 (en) * | 2016-02-12 | 2019-03-14 | Istanbul Teknik Universitesi Rektorlugu | Device and method for continuous coating of carbon fibres with an electrochemical method |
JP6587104B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-28 | 2019-10-09 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 導電性材及びその製造方法、ならびに生体電極 |
EP3423626A4 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2019-11-06 | Eeonyx Corporation | CONDUCTIVE COATING |
JP6591924B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2019-10-16 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 皮膚覚提示システム |
JP6035662B1 (ja) | 2016-04-05 | 2016-11-30 | エーアイシルク株式会社 | 導電性高分子導電体の製造方法及び製造装置 |
JP6007350B1 (ja) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-10-12 | 茶久染色株式会社 | 導電性糸 |
CN109640820A (zh) | 2016-07-01 | 2019-04-16 | 立芙公司 | 由具有多个传感器的服装进行的生物特征识别 |
EP3838125B1 (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2022-04-20 | NOK Corporation | Bioelectrode and method of manufacturing the bioelectrode |
FR3054426B1 (fr) * | 2016-07-27 | 2018-08-17 | Bioserenity | Dispositif d’humidification d’electrode textile |
JP6792773B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-09 | 2020-12-02 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 乳酸性作業閾値推定装置及び乳酸性作業閾値推定方法 |
KR101932816B1 (ko) | 2016-10-31 | 2018-12-26 | 홍익대학교 산학협력단 | 신축성 커패시터의 제조방법 및 이 제조방법으로 제조된 신축성 커패시터 |
TWI621133B (zh) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-04-11 | 國立成功大學 | 導電薄膜之製作方法 |
EP3602529B1 (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2021-12-01 | Boston Scientific Scimed Inc. | Electrified anatomical model |
JP6927631B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-11 | 2021-09-01 | ニッタ株式会社 | 脳波測定用電極及びその製造方法 |
US10655024B2 (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2020-05-19 | Virginia Commonwealth University | Flexible, biodegradable, and biocompatible supercapacitors |
EP3434177B1 (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2022-01-26 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Self-adhesive electrode patch |
WO2019031017A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-07 | 2019-02-14 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | シートマスク |
US10863912B2 (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2020-12-15 | Myneurva Holdings, Inc. | System and method for analyzing electroencephalogram signals |
KR102611138B1 (ko) * | 2017-09-11 | 2023-12-08 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 무선 통신 디바이스, 기저귀 및 수분 검지 시스템 |
US11525209B2 (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2022-12-13 | The Board Of Regents For Oklahoma State University | Preparation and characterization of organic conductive threads as non-metallic electrodes and interconnects |
US11344241B2 (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2022-05-31 | Allegheny Singer Research Institute | Conductive fiber with polythiophene coating |
EP3480595A1 (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-05-08 | Elisha Systems Ltd. | Biosensor manufacture |
JP6399263B1 (ja) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-10-03 | 三菱電機ビルテクノサービス株式会社 | エレベーターのロープのマーキング治具 |
JP6917912B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-16 | 2021-08-11 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 衣類 |
JP6948272B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-30 | 2021-10-13 | 信越ポリマー株式会社 | 導電性布帛の製造方法 |
JP6476480B1 (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-03-06 | エーアイシルク株式会社 | 導電性高分子導電体、及び、その製造方法 |
JP7258121B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2023-04-14 | ノースウェスタン ユニヴァーシティ | ワイヤレス皮膚センサ、ならびに方法および使用 |
US11152131B2 (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2021-10-19 | The Boeing Company | Conductive compositions of conductive polymer and metal coated fiber |
CN108771540A (zh) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-09 | 恩识医疗科技(上海)有限公司 | 一种CNT-Ag-PDMS导电混合物及其复合干电极的制备方法 |
DE202018003396U1 (de) * | 2018-07-21 | 2018-08-03 | Jürgen Bergeler | PEDOT Polymerelektrode |
WO2020040697A1 (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2020-02-27 | Nanyang Technological University | A flexible and electrically conductive composite |
JP7522406B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-11 | 2024-07-25 | エーアイシルク株式会社 | 電気刺激装置 |
JP6611217B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-11-27 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 電子装置および皮膚覚提示システム |
CN109480831A (zh) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-03-19 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | 织物电极和智能心电衣 |
JP7280566B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-23 | 2023-05-24 | 味の素株式会社 | 圧電シートおよびその製造方法 |
CN109758142A (zh) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-17 | 青岛光电医疗科技有限公司 | 一种基于生物电信号采集的电极 |
JP7537693B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-08 | 2024-08-21 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極及び生体センサ |
JP7315346B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-15 | 2023-07-26 | 帝人フロンティア株式会社 | シート状電極および衣料 |
JP7261634B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-27 | 2023-04-20 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極構造、及び、該電極構造を有する生体センサデバイス |
DE102019205991A1 (de) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-10-29 | Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg | Flexible implantierbare Elektrodenanordnung und Herstellungsverfahren |
WO2020225733A1 (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2020-11-12 | The American University In Cairo | Electrical circuit components made from silkworm silk with silkworm-digested structured materials and methods for manufacturing same |
JP7178048B2 (ja) * | 2019-05-17 | 2022-11-25 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 電極、電極の製造方法、および生体信号測定装置 |
CN110164603A (zh) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-23 | 覃元子 | 一种柔性石墨烯电缆线及其制备方法和接线方法 |
WO2020251474A1 (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-17 | Nanyang Technological University | Conducting silk-based electrodes |
JP7333770B2 (ja) | 2019-07-01 | 2023-08-25 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 導電性配線材料組成物、導電配線基板および導電配線基板の製造方法 |
KR102180865B1 (ko) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-11-19 | 한림대학교 산학협력단 | 전기전도성을 갖는 광가교 바이오 잉크 조성물 및 이의 제조방법 |
WO2021126993A1 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Wireless textile-based sensor system and method for self-powered personalized health care |
US20210299437A1 (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-09-30 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Flexible and self-bonding implantable electrostimulation device |
CN111636114B (zh) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-08-31 | 东华大学 | 一种高强度高导电性聚乙烯醇/石墨烯复合纤维的制备 |
US11826149B2 (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2023-11-28 | Medtronic, Inc. | Electrocardiogram gain adjustment |
KR102483266B1 (ko) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-12-29 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | 피부 부착용 전극, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 표피 전자장치 |
JP2022106281A (ja) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-07-19 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 生体電極組成物、生体電極、及び生体電極の製造方法 |
TWI770764B (zh) * | 2021-01-12 | 2022-07-11 | 大陸商鵬鼎控股(深圳)股份有限公司 | 智慧調溫織物 |
CN113409983B (zh) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-08-26 | 杭州电子科技大学 | 一种柔性可拉伸电极材料及其制备方法 |
WO2023153213A1 (ja) * | 2022-02-10 | 2023-08-17 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 義肢 |
CN114306738B (zh) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-06-03 | 天新福(北京)医疗器材股份有限公司 | 一种多通道导电神经移植物及其制备方法 |
EP4400050A1 (en) * | 2023-01-12 | 2024-07-17 | Cambridge Enterprise, Ltd. | Electrodes for long-term recordings |
KR20240116267A (ko) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-29 | 평화오일씰공업주식회사 | 전식 방지 기능을 갖는 복합 오일씰 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007521405A (ja) * | 2003-11-03 | 2007-08-02 | アルバニー インターナショナル コーポレイション | 耐久性のある高導電性合成布構造体 |
WO2007099889A1 (ja) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-09-07 | University Of Yamanashi | 導電性高分子の処理方法 |
JP2009500609A (ja) * | 2005-06-30 | 2009-01-08 | アプレラ コーポレーション | 導電性ポリマーを含む多孔質コンポジット電極 |
JP2011001391A (ja) * | 2008-03-19 | 2011-01-06 | Univ Of Yamanashi | 導電性高分子材料、導電性高分子フィルム及びこれを用いた導電性高分子アクチュエータ |
JP2011183098A (ja) * | 2010-03-11 | 2011-09-22 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 光ファイバー型電極 |
Family Cites Families (65)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2676896A (en) * | 1951-02-28 | 1954-04-27 | Monsanto Chemicals | Treatment of textile materials with antistatic material product obtained thereby |
JPS4841799B1 (ja) * | 1970-03-10 | 1973-12-08 | ||
DE3605378A1 (de) * | 1986-02-20 | 1987-08-27 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur elektrochemischen beschichtung von kohlenstoff-fasern |
JPS63165457A (ja) * | 1986-12-27 | 1988-07-08 | Lion Corp | 導電性樹脂組成物 |
US4859989A (en) * | 1987-12-01 | 1989-08-22 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Security system and signal carrying member thereof |
JP3025723B2 (ja) | 1992-08-05 | 2000-03-27 | 花王株式会社 | 柔軟仕上剤 |
JPH06114019A (ja) | 1992-08-19 | 1994-04-26 | Nippon Sanmou Senshoku Kk | 電極シーツ |
JP3153409B2 (ja) | 1994-03-18 | 2001-04-09 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 遠心圧縮機の製作方法 |
US5733324A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1998-03-31 | Ferrari; R. Keith | X-ray transmissive transcutaneous stimulating electrode |
JP3820007B2 (ja) | 1997-09-05 | 2006-09-13 | 松本油脂製薬株式会社 | 繊維用柔軟仕上げ剤 |
US6228492B1 (en) * | 1997-09-23 | 2001-05-08 | Zipperling Kessler & Co. (Gmbh & Co.) | Preparation of fibers containing intrinsically conductive polymers |
JP3297035B2 (ja) | 2000-03-17 | 2002-07-02 | 大王製紙株式会社 | 柔軟性を有する繊維ウェブおよびその製造方法 |
EP1369525A4 (en) * | 2000-12-26 | 2005-01-26 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | METALLIC COATING FIBER AND ELECTRO-CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITION CONTAINING THE SAME, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND USE THEREOF |
JP2002224051A (ja) | 2001-01-30 | 2002-08-13 | Yamaguchi Prefecture | 無拘束型生命監視装置 |
FI110915B (fi) | 2001-02-19 | 2003-04-30 | Polar Electro Oy | Iholle asetettava sensori |
WO2003039337A2 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-15 | Henry M. Jackson Foundation | Cardiac gating method and system |
US20040260016A1 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2004-12-23 | Agfa-Gevaert | Process for preparing electroconductive coatings |
CN1829475A (zh) | 2003-10-03 | 2006-09-06 | 阿普丽佳育儿研究会阿普丽佳葛西株式会社 | 附带生物测量传感器的婴幼儿用衣服、附带生物测量传感器的婴幼儿用坐卧垫及生物测量方法 |
CN101862462B (zh) * | 2004-04-22 | 2013-04-17 | 积水化成品工业株式会社 | 电极 |
US7194173B2 (en) * | 2004-07-16 | 2007-03-20 | The Trustees Of Princeton University | Organic devices having a fiber structure |
AU2005335123B2 (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2011-02-03 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | The fabrication and application of nanofiber ribbons and sheets and twisted and non-twisted nanofiber yarns |
CA2602735A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-05 | New York University | Conducting polymer nanowire brain-machine interface systems and methods |
US7908016B2 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2011-03-15 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Fibrous electrode material |
JP5180429B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-01 | 2013-04-10 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
US9084546B2 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2015-07-21 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Co-electrodeposited hydrogel-conducting polymer electrodes for biomedical applications |
US7468332B2 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2008-12-23 | Jamshid Avloni | Electroconductive woven and non-woven fabric |
US20090099441A1 (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2009-04-16 | Drexel University | Braided electrodes |
US20070085061A1 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-04-19 | Elder Delwin L | Conductivity enhancement of conductive polymers by solvent exposure |
US20070089800A1 (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2007-04-26 | Sensatex, Inc. | Fabrics and Garments with Information Infrastructure |
WO2007094464A1 (ja) | 2006-02-16 | 2007-08-23 | Yamaguchi University | 心肺機能計測装置 |
JP2007296266A (ja) | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-15 | Physio Trace Kk | 生体センサ装置 |
EP2095442A4 (en) * | 2006-11-29 | 2011-08-17 | Mahiar Hamedi | INTEGRATED ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS |
US8380018B2 (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2013-02-19 | John W. Pettit | Conductive coating based on polymer-carbon nanotube composite |
US8706183B2 (en) | 2007-06-28 | 2014-04-22 | University Of Pittsburgh-Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education | Electrode systems, devices and methods |
US20090171406A1 (en) | 2007-12-12 | 2009-07-02 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Electrically conducting scaffolds for cell-based pacing |
US8968820B2 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2015-03-03 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Process for producing hybrid nano-filament electrodes for lithium batteries |
US8936874B2 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2015-01-20 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Conductive nanocomposite-based electrodes for lithium batteries |
JP5557992B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-02 | 2014-07-23 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | カーボンナノチューブが付着した導電性繊維、導電性糸、繊維構造体およびそれらの製造方法 |
JP5392758B2 (ja) * | 2008-11-14 | 2014-01-22 | 国立大学法人東京農工大学 | 人工血管の製造方法 |
JP4898850B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-22 | 2012-03-21 | 住友化学株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子用インクジェットインクおよび有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法 |
US8107153B2 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2012-01-31 | The University Of Connecticut | Flexible electrochromic devices, electrodes therefor, and methods of manufacture |
CN101536903A (zh) | 2009-04-10 | 2009-09-23 | 河南华南医电科技有限公司 | 穿戴式心电电极装置及其制造方法 |
CN201379569Y (zh) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-01-13 | 河南华南医电科技有限公司 | 带睡眠呼吸障碍检测装置的穿戴式心电电极背心 |
JP3153409U (ja) | 2009-06-23 | 2009-09-03 | 財団法人大阪バイオサイエンス研究所 | ドライ式生体信号検出用電極 |
JP5589594B2 (ja) | 2009-06-29 | 2014-09-17 | ソニー株式会社 | 生体信号測定用装具 |
US9107275B2 (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2015-08-11 | Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Ltd. | Transparent conductive coatings for optoelectronic and electronic devices |
US8731633B2 (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2014-05-20 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Device for positioning electrodes on a user's scalp |
US9682225B2 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2017-06-20 | Georgetown University | Polymer film bioelectrodes and methods of making and using the same |
JP2011205751A (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-10-13 | Panasonic Corp | 導電性高分子アクチュエータ及びアクチュエータ用駆動素子の製造方法 |
JP5889276B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-06 | 2016-03-22 | エヌディーエスユー リサーチ ファウンデーション | 液体シラン系組成物およびシリコン系材料を生成するための方法 |
CN103181025A (zh) | 2010-04-12 | 2013-06-26 | 塔夫茨大学 | 丝电子部件 |
JP5874184B2 (ja) | 2010-05-06 | 2016-03-02 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 溶液製膜用コーティングダイおよび溶液製膜方法 |
JP5841141B2 (ja) | 2010-07-14 | 2016-01-13 | ソルヴェイ・スペシャルティ・ポリマーズ・イタリー・エッセ・ピ・ア | フルオロエラストマ組成物 |
JP5713638B2 (ja) | 2010-11-12 | 2015-05-07 | ニッポン高度紙工業株式会社 | セパレータ及び該セパレータを用いた固体電解コンデンサ |
CN102008300A (zh) | 2010-12-10 | 2011-04-13 | 吉林大学 | 穿戴式多生理参数记录装置 |
US8760748B2 (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2014-06-24 | The University Of Connecticut | Stretchable devices and methods of manufacture and use thereof |
JP5995262B2 (ja) | 2011-03-06 | 2016-09-21 | ヘレウス ドイチェラント ゲーエムベーハー ウント カンパニー カーゲー | Pedot/pssを固体電解質として含有するコンデンサにおける電気パラメータをポリグリセロールによって改善するための方法 |
JP2012185343A (ja) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-09-27 | Nikon Corp | 撮影装置 |
JP5742308B2 (ja) | 2011-03-09 | 2015-07-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 潤滑油供給装置 |
JP5617736B2 (ja) | 2011-03-30 | 2014-11-05 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | アンテナ装置 |
GB201116670D0 (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2011-11-09 | Cambridge Entpr Ltd | Materials and methods for insulation of conducting fibres, and insulated products |
EP4052648A1 (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2022-09-07 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Conductive polymer fibers, method and device for producing conductive polymer fibers, biological electrode, device for measuring biological signals, implantable electrode, and device for measuring biological signals |
JP3178230U (ja) | 2012-06-25 | 2012-09-06 | 金鼎聯合科技纖維股▲分▼有限公司 | 防水性能付き生体信号検知構造 |
WO2014144106A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Biotectix Llc | Implantable electrode comprising a conductive polymeric coating |
TWI652385B (zh) * | 2015-05-12 | 2019-03-01 | 財團法人紡織產業綜合研究所 | 導電織物 |
-
2012
- 2012-11-16 EP EP22169318.7A patent/EP4052648A1/en active Pending
- 2012-11-16 EP EP17162838.1A patent/EP3202317B1/en active Active
- 2012-11-16 CN CN201280056491.0A patent/CN103930612B/zh active Active
- 2012-11-16 CN CN201511013932.0A patent/CN105726021B/zh active Active
- 2012-11-16 JP JP2013544344A patent/JP5706539B2/ja active Active
- 2012-11-16 EP EP15171688.3A patent/EP3001947B1/en active Active
- 2012-11-16 WO PCT/JP2012/079805 patent/WO2013073673A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-11-16 EP EP12850492.5A patent/EP2767632B1/en active Active
- 2012-11-16 US US13/261,900 patent/US10153065B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-11-25 JP JP2014238289A patent/JP5706574B2/ja active Active
- 2014-11-25 JP JP2014238290A patent/JP5706575B2/ja active Active
- 2014-11-25 JP JP2014238291A patent/JP2015077414A/ja active Pending
-
2016
- 2016-01-20 JP JP2016009205A patent/JP6291512B2/ja active Active
-
2017
- 2017-08-02 JP JP2017150293A patent/JP6552560B2/ja active Active
-
2018
- 2018-04-09 JP JP2018075028A patent/JP6831348B2/ja active Active
- 2018-10-26 US US16/171,589 patent/US11862359B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-02-26 JP JP2019033328A patent/JP6721739B2/ja active Active
- 2019-05-23 JP JP2019097056A patent/JP6835908B2/ja active Active
-
2021
- 2021-02-03 JP JP2021015930A patent/JP7125634B2/ja active Active
-
2022
- 2022-08-05 JP JP2022125608A patent/JP2022153662A/ja active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-10-30 US US18/385,352 patent/US20240145112A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007521405A (ja) * | 2003-11-03 | 2007-08-02 | アルバニー インターナショナル コーポレイション | 耐久性のある高導電性合成布構造体 |
JP2009500609A (ja) * | 2005-06-30 | 2009-01-08 | アプレラ コーポレーション | 導電性ポリマーを含む多孔質コンポジット電極 |
WO2007099889A1 (ja) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-09-07 | University Of Yamanashi | 導電性高分子の処理方法 |
JP2011001391A (ja) * | 2008-03-19 | 2011-01-06 | Univ Of Yamanashi | 導電性高分子材料、導電性高分子フィルム及びこれを用いた導電性高分子アクチュエータ |
JP2011183098A (ja) * | 2010-03-11 | 2011-09-22 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 光ファイバー型電極 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
"Spinning and Characterization of Conducting Microfibers", MACROMOL. RAPID COMMUN., vol. 24, 2003, pages 261 - 264 |
Cited By (61)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014234567A (ja) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-12-15 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 導電性繊維の製造方法及び装置 |
JP2014233541A (ja) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-12-15 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 導電性複合繊維を含むカテーテル |
JP2014237900A (ja) * | 2013-06-06 | 2014-12-18 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 導電性繊維の製造方法及び装置 |
CN103469578A (zh) * | 2013-09-23 | 2013-12-25 | 青岛大学 | 一种防紫外线防电磁辐射纺织面料的制备方法 |
JP2015077226A (ja) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-23 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | ウエアラブル電極 |
CN105939660A (zh) * | 2014-01-28 | 2016-09-14 | 日本电信电话株式会社 | 生物体信号检测衣料 |
TWI683402B (zh) * | 2014-01-28 | 2020-01-21 | 日本電信電話股份有限公司 | 電極構件及電性信號輸出入裝置 |
WO2015115440A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-28 | 2015-08-06 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 電極部材および装置 |
JP2015140493A (ja) * | 2014-01-28 | 2015-08-03 | 東レ株式会社 | マルチフィラメント糸およびそれを用いた繊維構造物 |
CN105939660B (zh) * | 2014-01-28 | 2019-07-26 | 日本电信电话株式会社 | 生物体信号检测衣料 |
WO2015115441A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-28 | 2015-08-06 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 生体信号検出衣料 |
TWI548398B (zh) * | 2014-01-28 | 2016-09-11 | 日本電信電話股份有限公司 | 生體信號檢測衣料 |
JP2018114302A (ja) * | 2014-01-28 | 2018-07-26 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 生体信号検出衣料 |
CN105939659A (zh) * | 2014-01-28 | 2016-09-14 | 日本电信电话株式会社 | 电极元件及装置 |
JPWO2015115440A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-28 | 2017-03-23 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 電極部材および装置 |
JPWO2015115441A1 (ja) * | 2014-01-28 | 2017-03-23 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 生体信号検出衣料 |
JP2016002368A (ja) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-01-12 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 経皮薬物送達システム |
JPWO2016031872A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-28 | 2017-06-15 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 導電性材およびその製造方法、ならびに生体電極 |
WO2016031872A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-03-03 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 導電性材およびその製造方法、ならびに生体電極 |
JP2016082132A (ja) * | 2014-10-20 | 2016-05-16 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 熱電変換素子及び熱電変換モジュール |
JP2018503481A (ja) * | 2014-12-08 | 2018-02-08 | マイブレイン テクノロジーズ | 生体信号を取得するためのヘッドセット |
KR101667671B1 (ko) * | 2015-04-06 | 2016-10-20 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 신체 장착형 전기 자극 교정장치 |
KR20160119515A (ko) * | 2015-04-06 | 2016-10-14 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 신체 장착형 전기 자극 교정장치 |
JP2017008428A (ja) * | 2015-06-18 | 2017-01-12 | ナガセケムテックス株式会社 | 導電性組成物 |
JP2018087398A (ja) * | 2016-02-12 | 2018-06-07 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 衣服型電子機器 |
JP2017158858A (ja) * | 2016-03-10 | 2017-09-14 | グンゼ株式会社 | 透水性導電部を備えた衣類 |
KR20180132872A (ko) | 2016-04-18 | 2018-12-12 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 도전성 섬유 구조물, 전극 부재, 및 도전성 섬유 구조물의 제조 방법 |
WO2017183463A1 (ja) | 2016-04-18 | 2017-10-26 | 東レ株式会社 | 導電性繊維構造物、電極部材および導電性繊維構造物の製造方法 |
US10966656B2 (en) | 2016-04-18 | 2021-04-06 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Electric conductive fiber structure, electrode member, and method of producing electric conductive fiber structure |
JPWO2017183463A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-18 | 2019-02-21 | 東レ株式会社 | 導電性繊維構造物、電極部材および導電性繊維構造物の製造方法 |
WO2018059426A1 (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | 胡秋明 | 弹簧接触式心脏起搏导线 |
JP2018110845A (ja) * | 2017-01-06 | 2018-07-19 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 生体電極組成物、生体電極及び生体電極の製造方法 |
US11357970B2 (en) | 2017-01-06 | 2022-06-14 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Biomedical electrode composition, biomedical electrode and method for manufacturing the biomedical electrode |
JP2018126496A (ja) * | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-16 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 生体電極組成物、生体電極、生体電極の製造方法、及び高分子化合物 |
JP7260565B2 (ja) | 2018-02-15 | 2023-04-18 | サントル ナショナル ドゥ ラ ルシェルシュ シアンティフィック | 可搬型脳波計 |
JP2021517848A (ja) * | 2018-02-15 | 2021-07-29 | サントル ナショナル ドゥ ラ ルシェルシュ シアンティフィック | 可搬型脳波計 |
JP2021515854A (ja) * | 2018-03-02 | 2021-06-24 | メゾマット インコーポレイテッド | ナノ材料被覆繊維 |
JP2018122134A (ja) * | 2018-04-06 | 2018-08-09 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 固定用部品 |
JP2020017616A (ja) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-30 | 日立化成株式会社 | 回路板 |
JP7080482B2 (ja) | 2018-07-25 | 2022-06-06 | 学校法人東京電機大学 | 回路板 |
JP7196923B2 (ja) | 2018-09-14 | 2022-12-27 | 株式会社アイシン | 微細水放出装置 |
JPWO2020054100A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-14 | 2021-10-21 | 株式会社アイシン | 微細水放出装置 |
JP2020051896A (ja) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-02 | セーレン株式会社 | 導電性繊維糸の電気抵抗測定装置 |
JP7299005B2 (ja) | 2018-09-27 | 2023-06-27 | セーレン株式会社 | 導電性繊維糸の電気抵抗測定装置 |
US20210393185A1 (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2021-12-23 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd. | Biomedical electrode, biomedical sensor, and biomedical signal measurement system |
JPWO2020095589A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-09 | 2021-02-15 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | 生体用電極、生体センサーおよび生体信号測定システム |
WO2020095589A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-14 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | 生体用電極、生体センサーおよび生体信号測定システム |
JP7546563B2 (ja) | 2018-11-21 | 2024-09-06 | ボード オブ リージェンツ,ザ ユニバーシティ オブ テキサス システム | 金属化グラフェン繊維の作製方法および生体電子用途 |
JP2022511738A (ja) * | 2018-11-21 | 2022-02-01 | ボード オブ リージェンツ,ザ ユニバーシティ オブ テキサス システム | 金属化グラフェン繊維の作製方法および生体電子用途 |
JP7064199B2 (ja) | 2018-11-29 | 2022-05-10 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | 導電材料及びその製造方法 |
JPWO2020111157A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-29 | 2021-11-25 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | 導電材料及びその製造方法 |
WO2020111157A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-29 | 2020-06-04 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | 導電材料及びその製造方法 |
KR20210134372A (ko) | 2019-03-03 | 2021-11-09 | 고쿠리츠다이가쿠호진 도호쿠다이가쿠 | 전자파 차폐재 |
CN110338781A (zh) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-18 | 广西师范大学 | 一种非金属柔性干电极及其制备方法 |
JP2021029421A (ja) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-03-01 | エーアイシルク株式会社 | 電気刺激装置 |
JP7302860B2 (ja) | 2019-08-20 | 2023-07-04 | エーアイシルク株式会社 | 電気刺激装置 |
CN111198219A (zh) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-05-26 | 苏州微湃医疗科技有限公司 | 一种用于汗液检测的可穿戴式生物传感器 |
CN111198219B (zh) * | 2020-02-19 | 2022-09-13 | 苏州微湃医疗科技有限公司 | 一种用于汗液检测的可穿戴式生物传感器 |
US12036025B2 (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2024-07-16 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Bio-electrode, method for manufacturing bio-electrode, and method for measuring biological signal |
US20210307665A1 (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-10-07 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Bio-electrode, method for manufacturing bio-electrode, and method for measuring biological signal |
CN111578657A (zh) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-25 | 嘉兴达宝文线缆有限公司 | 具有安全防护机构的线缆外护套加工用热风干燥装置 |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7125634B2 (ja) | 生体電極 | |
Tsukada et al. | Conductive polymer combined silk fiber bundle for bioelectrical signal recording | |
JP6686244B2 (ja) | 電極素子及び電極の生産方法、並びに、当該電極を用いる測定システムの作製 | |
EP3196350B1 (en) | Electrically conductive material and production method therefor, and electrode for living body | |
CN105233404B (zh) | 一种应用于穿戴设备的电极制造方法 | |
JP6043685B2 (ja) | 導電性複合繊維を含むカテーテル | |
US20240090600A1 (en) | Wearable electronic garments and methods of making same | |
CN118824742A (zh) | 金属化石墨烯纤维的制造方法和生物电子应用 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12850492 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013544344 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012850492 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13261900 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |