JP2013503124A - ナノ銀−酸化亜鉛組成物 - Google Patents
ナノ銀−酸化亜鉛組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2013503124A JP2013503124A JP2012525997A JP2012525997A JP2013503124A JP 2013503124 A JP2013503124 A JP 2013503124A JP 2012525997 A JP2012525997 A JP 2012525997A JP 2012525997 A JP2012525997 A JP 2012525997A JP 2013503124 A JP2013503124 A JP 2013503124A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- zinc
- composite material
- carbonate
- particle size
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- DUCFBDUJLLKKPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Zn++].[Ag+] Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[Ag+] DUCFBDUJLLKKPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC(=O)CC2=C1 ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver carbonate Substances [Ag].[O-]C([O-])=O LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910001958 silver carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylenes Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc iodide Chemical compound I[Zn]I UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RYKLZUPYJFFNRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypiperidin-2-one Chemical compound OC1CCCNC1=O RYKLZUPYJFFNRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940071575 silver citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisilver;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O WGIWBXUNRXCYRA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011746 zinc citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000006076 zinc citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940068475 zinc citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- MKRZFOIRSLOYCE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;methanesulfonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O MKRZFOIRSLOYCE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940096017 silver fluoride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monofluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Ag+] REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver sulfate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000367 silver sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000314 zinc acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoylazanium;carbonate Chemical compound NC(N)=N.NC(N)=N.OC(O)=O STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical class FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical group O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 10
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 5
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Substances [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003921 particle size analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC(O)=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1-benzofuran-2-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC(=O)CC2=C1 ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triclosan Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000032770 biofilm formation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002443 hydroxylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXZQEOJJUGGUIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoindolin-1-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)NCC2=C1 PXZQEOJJUGGUIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012633 leachable Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GXELTROTKVKZBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibenzylhydroxylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GXELTROTKVKZBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005677 organic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical class OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- KKKDGYXNGYJJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver nitrite Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N=O KKKDGYXNGYJJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc cyanide Chemical compound [Zn+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc fluoride Chemical compound F[Zn]F BHHYHSUAOQUXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N (R)-alpha-Tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWNBRRGFUVBTQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,4-n-di(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC1=CC=C(NC(C)C)C=C1 PWNBRRGFUVBTQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCRZAKVGPJFABU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-phenoxarsinin-10-yloxyphenoxarsinine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2OC2=CC=CC=C2[As]1O[As]1C2=CC=CC=C2OC2=CC=CC=C21 VCRZAKVGPJFABU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAHVJTGPSLMIDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trichloro-6-(3,4,5-trichloro-2-hydroxyphenoxy)phenol Chemical class C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(O)=C1OC1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1O UAHVJTGPSLMIDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZODKRWQWUWGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1O JZODKRWQWUWGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLUKQUGVTITNSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SLUKQUGVTITNSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWRLEEPNFJNTOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=NC=N1 HWRLEEPNFJNTOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DEHILEUXPOWXIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-ylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)P(O)(O)=O)=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1O DEHILEUXPOWXIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLMGIWHWWWXXME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CC(O)=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O QLMGIWHWWWXXME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJGQBLRYBUAASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1N1N=C2C=CC=CC2=N1 FJGQBLRYBUAASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQYFETFRIRDUPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-hydroxy-5-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenyl]sulfanyl-4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(SC=2C(=CC=C(C=2)C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)O)=C1 WQYFETFRIRDUPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCVJRXQHFJXZFZ-KVQBGUIXSA-N 2-amino-9-[(2r,4s,5r)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3h-purine-6-thione Chemical compound C1=2NC(N)=NC(=S)C=2N=CN1[C@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 SCVJRXQHFJXZFZ-KVQBGUIXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDCGAHPPUWORDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-3h-1,2-benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SN(CCCC)CC2=C1 HDCGAHPPUWORDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940044120 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZYJXQDCMXTWHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4,6-bis(octylsulfanylmethyl)phenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSCC1=CC(CSCCCCCCCC)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 ZYJXQDCMXTWHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQWCQFCZUNBTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-6-(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)sulfanyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(SC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O MQWCQFCZUNBTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBHUTHZPCWZNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC=1C(C2CCCCC2)=CC(CCC(=O)O)=CC=1C1CCCCC1 DBHUTHZPCWZNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLZYQMOKBVFXJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(CCC(O)=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O FLZYQMOKBVFXJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXNJOBMZUXWUBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[(3,5-ditert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)methoxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(COC(=O)CC(O)=O)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 FXNJOBMZUXWUBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate Chemical compound CCCCNC(=O)OCC#CI WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRLSTWVLSWCGBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-((4,6-bis(octylthio)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSC1=NC(SCCCCCCCC)=NC(NC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=N1 QRLSTWVLSWCGBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[3,5-bis[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C(CC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C1CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 VSAWBBYYMBQKIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJKVMNNUINFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-n-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzamide Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 JJKVMNNUINFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RILOPSTZZRJOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-cyclohexylbutanoic acid;silver Chemical compound [Ag].OC(=O)CCCC1CCCCC1 RILOPSTZZRJOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVARTXYXUGDZHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-n-phenyldodecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)CCC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 OVARTXYXUGDZHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBOSBRHMHBENLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-Butylphenyl Salicylate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O DBOSBRHMHBENLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBWNDBNSJFCLBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3h-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-thione Chemical compound N1=CNC(=S)C2=C1SC1=C2CCC(C)C1 RBWNDBNSJFCLBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGBVRMYSNSKIEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzylphosphonic acid Chemical class OP(O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OGBVRMYSNSKIEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000018832 Cytochromes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010052832 Cytochromes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Didodecyl thiobispropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCSCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003508 Dilauryl thiodipropionate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxamide Chemical class NC(=O)C(N)=O YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920012266 Poly(ether sulfone) PES Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003490 Thiodipropionic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CANRESZKMUPMAE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc lactate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O CANRESZKMUPMAE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRXYMHTYEQQBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Br].[Zn] Chemical compound [Br].[Zn] ZRXYMHTYEQQBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFGJUXXAXLBTDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Zn+2].[Ag+].[O-]C([O-])=O Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Ag+].[O-]C([O-])=O OFGJUXXAXLBTDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IVFVVJFQTOSWRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zn].N(=O)O Chemical compound [Zn].N(=O)O IVFVVJFQTOSWRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetoacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(O)=O WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940087168 alpha tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013011 aqueous formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001559 benzoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 1
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000019522 cellular metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- CZKMPDNXOGQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(triethyl)germane Chemical compound CC[Ge](Cl)(CC)CC CZKMPDNXOGQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013039 cover film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BYNQFCJOHGOKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diclosan Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 BYNQFCJOHGOKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019304 dilauryl thiodipropionate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N drometrizole Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1 MCPKSFINULVDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MFGZXPGKKJMZIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-amino-1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)pyrazole-4-carboxylate Chemical compound NC1=C(C(=O)OCC)C=NN1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 MFGZXPGKKJMZIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- SURVVDRUGZTTOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid;lead Chemical compound [Pb].OC=O SURVVDRUGZTTOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003752 hydrotrope Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- HDHLIWCXDDZUFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N irgarol 1051 Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC1=NC(SC)=NC(NC2CC2)=N1 HDHLIWCXDDZUFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000021056 liquid food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002690 malonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005297 material degradation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009285 membrane fouling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-diphenyloxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQDFHQJTAWCFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylidenehydroxylamine Chemical compound ON=C SQDFHQJTAWCFIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKSGQTYSSZOJOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium argentocyanide Chemical compound [K+].[Ag+].N#[C-].N#[C-] HKSGQTYSSZOJOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002477 rna polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009528 severe injury Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBYLLBXLDOPANK-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver 2-carboxyphenolate hydrate Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)[O-].O.[Ag+] NBYLLBXLDOPANK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AQRYNYUOKMNDDV-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver behenate Chemical compound [Ag+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O AQRYNYUOKMNDDV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XQLMNMQWVCXIKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]Br(=O)=O XQLMNMQWVCXIKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver cyanide Chemical compound [Ag+].N#[C-] LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940098221 silver cyanide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WSJGGGWTGNKDJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver hydrofluoride Chemical compound F.[Ag] WSJGGGWTGNKDJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XNGYKPINNDWGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver oxalate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O XNGYKPINNDWGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K silver phosphate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O FJOLTQXXWSRAIX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940019931 silver phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000161 silver phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WYCFMBAHFPUBDS-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver sulfite Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])=O WYCFMBAHFPUBDS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001494 silver tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RHUVFRWZKMEWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver thiocyanate Chemical compound [Ag+].[S-]C#N RHUVFRWZKMEWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZJPVUDYAMEDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F KZJPVUDYAMEDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LMEWRZSPCQHBOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC(O)C([O-])=O LMEWRZSPCQHBOB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JUDUFOKGIZUSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JUDUFOKGIZUSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FTNNQMMAOFBTNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;formate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]C=O FTNNQMMAOFBTNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NSVHDIYWJVLAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;n,n-diethylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Ag+].CCN(CC)C([S-])=S NSVHDIYWJVLAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ORYURPRSXLUCSS-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;octadecanoate Chemical compound [Ag+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ORYURPRSXLUCSS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- TZMGLOFLKLBEFW-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;sulfamate Chemical compound [Ag+].NS([O-])(=O)=O TZMGLOFLKLBEFW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1C QUCDWLYKDRVKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010296 thiabendazole Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004308 thiabendazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004546 thiabendazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N tocofersolan Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019149 tocopherols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960003500 triclosan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc diethyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCN(CC)C([S-])=S.CCN(CC)C([S-])=S RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011576 zinc lactate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000193 zinc lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940050168 zinc lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZMLPZCGHASSGEA-UHFFFAOYSA-M zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZMLPZCGHASSGEA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CITILBVTAYEWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate Substances [Zn+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F CITILBVTAYEWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;1-oxidopyridine-2-thione Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S.[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCQWRGCXUWPSGY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F VCQWRGCXUWPSGY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YISPIDBWTUCKKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1.CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 YISPIDBWTUCKKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UMGLWJIVIBWZCW-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;benzenesulfinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UMGLWJIVIBWZCW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HHIMNFJHTNVXBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dinitrite Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O HHIMNFJHTNVXBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RXBXBWBHKPGHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diperchlorate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O RXBXBWBHKPGHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MLVWCBYTEFCFSG-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dithiocyanate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N MLVWCBYTEFCFSG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IJQXGKBNDNQWAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;docosanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IJQXGKBNDNQWAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;oxalate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HSYFJDYGOJKZCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;sulfite Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])=O HSYFJDYGOJKZCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OBOMINCSAYZPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;undecanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O OBOMINCSAYZPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical class OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/30—Zinc; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/38—Silver; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/30—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with decomposition of metal compounds, e.g. by pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G5/00—Compounds of silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G9/00—Compounds of zinc
- C01G9/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/12—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/10—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
- A61L2300/102—Metals or metal compounds, e.g. salts such as bicarbonates, carbonates, oxides, zeolites, silicates
- A61L2300/104—Silver, e.g. silver sulfadiazine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(i)少なくとも1種の銀塩(Ag塩)の第1混合物および少なくとも1種の亜鉛塩(Zn塩)の第2混合物を混合し、それにより銀塩と亜鉛塩の第3混合物を形成する工程と、
(ii)該第3混合物を炭酸塩源の混合物に加える工程と、
(iii)工程(ii)において形成された炭酸銀および炭酸亜鉛を共沈させる工程と、
(iv)該炭酸銀および該炭酸亜鉛を洗浄する工程と、
(v)該炭酸銀および該炭酸亜鉛を熱分解する工程とを含む方法によって入手することができる。
1. 酸化防止剤:
1.1. アルキル化モノフェノール類、例えば2,6−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェノール、
1.2. アルキルチオメチルフェノール類、例えば2,4−ジオクチルチオメチル−6−tert−ブチルフェノール、
1.3. ヒドロキノン類およびアルキル化ヒドロキノン類、例えば2,6−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−メトキシ−フェノール、2,5−ジ−tert−ブチルヒドロキノン、
1.4. トコフェロール類、例えばα−トコフェロール、
1.5. ヒドロキシル化チオジフェニルエーテル類、例えば2,2’−チオビス(6−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェノール)、
1.6. アルキリデンビスフェノール類、例えば2,2’−メチレンビス(6−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェノール)、
1.7. O−、N−およびS−ベンジル化合物、例えば3,5,3’,5’−テトラ−tert−ブチル−4,4’−ジヒドロキシジベンジルエーテル、
1.8. ヒドロキシベンジル化マロネート類、例えばジオクタデシル−2,2−ビス(3,5−ジ−tert−ブチル−2−ヒドロキシベンジル)マロネート、
1.9. 芳香族ヒドロキシベンジル化合物、例えば1,3,5−トリス(3,5−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシベンジル)−2,4,6−トリメチルベンゼン、
1.10. トリアジン化合物、例えば2,4−ビス(オクチルメルカプト)−6−(3,5−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシ−アニリノ)−1,3,5−トリアジン、
1.11. ベンジルホスホネート類、例えばジメチル−2,5−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシベンジルホスホネート、
1.12. アシルアミノフェノール類、例えば4−ヒドロキシラウラニリド、
1.13. β−(3,5−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオン酸と一価または多価アルコールとのエステル類、
1.14. β−(5−tert−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシ−3−メチルフェニル)プロピオン酸と一価または多価アルコールとのエステル類、
1.15. β−(3,5−ジシクロヘキシル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオン酸と一価または多価アルコールとのエステル類、
1.16. 3,5−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル酢酸と一価または多価アルコールとのエステル類、
1.17. β−(3,5−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオン酸、例えばN,N’−ビス(3,5−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニルプロピオニル)ヘキサメチレンジアミドのアミド類、
1.18. アスコルビン酸(ビタミンC)、
1.19. アミン系酸化防止剤、例えばN,N’−ジ−イソプロピル−p−フェニレンジアミン。
2. 紫外線吸収剤および光安定剤:
2.1. 2−(2’−ヒドロキシフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール類、例えば2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−5’−メチルフェニル)−ベンゾトリアゾール、
2.2. 2−ヒドロキシベンゾフェノン類、例えばその4−ヒドロキシ誘導体、
2.3. 置換および非置換安息香酸のエステル類、例えば4−tert−ブチル−フェニルサリチレート、
2.4. アクリレート類、例えばα−シアノ−β,β−ジフェニルアクリレート、
2.5. ニッケル化合物、例えば2,2’−チオ−ビス[4−(1,1,3,3−テトラメチルブチル)フェノール]のニッケル錯体、
2.6. 立体障害アミン類、例えばビス(2,2,6,6−テトラメチル−4−ピペリジル)セバケート、
2.7. オキサミド類、例えば4,4’−ジオクチルオキシアニリド、
2.8. 2−(2−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1,3,5−トリアジン類、例えば2,4−ビス(2,4−ジメチルフェニル)−6(2−ヒドロキシ−4−オクチルオキシフェニル[または−4−ドデシル/トリデシルオキシフェニル])−1,3,5−トリアジン。
3. 金属不活性化剤、例えばN,N’−ジフェニルオキサミド。
4. ホスファイト類およびホスフォナイト類、例えばトリフェニルホスファイト。
5. ヒドロキシルアミン類、例えばN,N−ジベンジルヒドロキシルアミン。
6. ニトロン類、例えばN−ベンジル−α−フェノールニトロン。
7. チオ共力剤、例えばジラウリルチオジプロピオネート。
8. 過酸化物スカベンジャー類、例えばβ−チオジプロピオン酸。
9. 塩基性共安定剤、例えばメラミン、ポリアミド類、ポリウレタン類、高級脂肪酸のアルカリ金属塩類およびアルカリ土類金属塩類、例えばステアリン酸カルシウム、ステアリン酸亜鉛。
10. 成核剤、例えば無機物質、例えばタルカム、金属酸化物類。
11. 充填剤および強化剤、例えば炭酸カルシウム、シリケート類、ガラス繊維、ガラスビーズ、アスベスト、タルク、カオリン、マイカ、硫酸バリウム、金属酸化物および水酸化物、カーボンブラック、グラファイト、木粉およびその他の天然物の粉もしくは繊維、合成繊維。
12. その他の添加物、例えば可塑剤、潤滑剤、乳化剤、顔料、レオロジー添加物、触媒、流れ調節剤、蛍光増白剤、防炎加工剤、帯電防止剤、および発泡剤。
13. ベンゾフラノン類およびイソインドリノン類、例えば、米国特許第4,325,863号明細書;米国特許第4,338,244号明細書;米国特許第5,175,312号明細書;米国特許第5,216,052号明細書;米国特許第5,252,643号明細書;独国特許出願第4316611号明細書;独国特許出願第4316622号明細書;独国特許出願第4316876号明細書;欧州特許出願公開第0589839号明細書、欧州特許出願公開第0591102号明細書;欧州特許出願公開第1291384号明細書に開示されているもの。
第1工程では、有機ポリマーを、有機溶媒、例えばN−メチルピロリドン、ジクロロメタン、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、ジメチルアセトアミドなど、または適切な溶媒混合物、例えばこれらの混合物中に溶解する。その他の共通溶媒は、文献内に見いだされる。第2工程では、本発明の複合材料を、溶媒の一部分に加え、例えば超音波ミキサーまたは任意の他の適切な混合装置を使用して良好に分散する。第3工程では、スラリーをポリマー溶液全体に、例えば機械的攪拌器を使用して最高速度で分散する。第4工程では、膜組成物中で一般に使用されるその他の添加物(主として有機および/または高分子の、例えば上記に列挙したような、例えば孔形成剤および/または親水性添加物)を本発明の複合材料とポリマーの混合物に加えることができる。第5工程では、結果として生じる溶液を薄フィルム膜内に公知の方法によってキャスティングすると、膜の少なくとも片側では本発明の分散した複合材料を備える半透膜もしくは緻密膜が生じる。または、第5工程では、結果として生じる溶液をポリマーの非溶媒中に計量供給すると、そこでポリマーは制御された方法で沈降し本発明の分散した複合材料を備える半透膜または緻密膜を形成する。膜製造のまた別の代替法は、トラックエッチング、延伸法、浸出法、界面重合法、焼結法、ゾルゲル法、活性膜層を添加する方法、グラフト法およびスパッタ堆積法である。
ガス分離、
生体分子もしくは生物粒子、例えば血小板または高分子量のバイオポリマー、例えばタンパク質のバイオテクノロジーまたは医学における水性液体もしくは分散液からの分離、
発電において使用される水の濾過、
工業プロセス、化学プロセス、金属処理、半導体処理、パルプおよび紙加工、および特別には飲料水および/または廃水のための水の精製および/または汚染除去のためにも使用することができる。特に重要な課題は、例えば海水から飲料水を製造するための、有益には淡水化プロセスにおいて使用されるような本発明の複合粒子を含む逆浸透膜システムである。
使用する材料:
硝酸銀:Aldrich社(独国)製の市販製品。
硝酸亜鉛:Aldrich社(独国)製の市販製品。
炭酸カリウム:Aldrich社(独国)製の市販製品。
硝酸塩試験ストリップ:Merck社(独国)製の市販製品。
N−メチルピロリドン(NMP):Aldrich社(独国)製の市販製品。
ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP):Luvitec(登録商標)PVP30K、BASF社(独国)製の市販製品。
ポリエーテルスルホン(PES):Ultrason(登録商標)2020PSR、BASF社(独国)製の市販製品。
E. coli:大腸菌(エシェリヒア・コリー)
S. aureus:黄色ブドウ球菌(スタフィロコッカス・アウレウス)。
炭酸塩の共沈
硝酸亜鉛(59.5g;0.2モル)および硝酸銀(6.4g;0.04モル)を50℃で100mLの脱イオン水中に溶解した。この溶液を30分間以内に50℃の水300mL中の炭酸カリウム(34.8g;0.22モル)の攪拌溶液(8,000rpm)中に滴下した(1,000mLビーカー、アルミホイルで暗くした)。攪拌には、Ultraturax T25(IKA社製)を使用した。30分の攪拌後、淡黄色懸濁液が形成された。
濾過ケーキは、40分間1,013mbarで200℃にて乾燥させ、そして350℃へ温度を上昇させた。焼成は、90分間350℃で実施した。焼成の完了は、理論的物質収支が達成されるまで質量測定法で実施した(質量損失:実測値:24.3質量%、計算値:30.3質量%)。
外観:褐色粉末
銀含量:19.2質量%
EDXによるAg粒径:60nm±15nm
EDXによるZnO粒径:<20μm
レーザー粒度分析法による粒径分布:5.7μm(確率50%;流体:0.08%クエン酸ナトリウム)
BET表面積[m2/g]:38。
収量:31.0g、理論量の99%
外観:褐色粉末。
銀含量:19.7質量%
EDXによるAg粒径:200nm
EDXによるZnO粒径:<2μm
レーザー粒度分析法による粒径分布:1.1μm(確率50%;流体:0.08%クエン酸ナトリウム)
BET表面積[m2/g]:7.6。
試験方法:CG161/欧州規格方法EN1040
試験微生物(接種材料) 一晩培養[cfu/mL]
大腸菌(ATCC 10536) 2.9×108
黄色ブドウ球菌(ATCC 3865) 2.3×108
本試験における接種材料濃度:107cfu/mL
22℃での接触時間:5分間;30分間
インキュベーション:
黄色ブドウ球菌:24時間
大腸菌:24時間
不活性化:特殊TSB
接種材料のコロニー計数は、インキュベーション後に読み出した。試験物質の不活性化は、TSBを用いると満足できるものであった。
試験サンプル:
1%試験サンプル:0.535gの試験物質:実施例1(18.7%の銀)
H2Oを加えて9gにする
1mLの接種材料
0.1%試験サンプル:0.054gの試験物質:実施例1(18.7%の銀)
H2Oを加えて9gにする
1mLの接種材料
1%試験サンプル:0.508gの試験物質:比較例1(19.7%の銀)
H2Oを加えて9gにする
1mLの接種材料
0.1%試験サンプル:0.051gの試験物質:比較例1(19.7%の銀)
H2Oを加えて9gにする
1mLの接種材料
1%試験サンプル:0.1gの試験物質:比較例2(100%の銀)
H2Oを加えて9gにする
1mLの接種材料
0.1%の試験サンプル:0.01gの試験物質:比較例1(100%の銀)
H2Oを加えて9gにする
1mLの接種材料。
N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)(70mL)を攪拌器付きの三ツ首フラスコに入れた。ポリビニルピロリドンのLuvitec(登録商標)PVP 40K(6g)をNMPに加え、温度を60℃に上げ、均質透明溶液が得られるまで攪拌した。必要とされるレベルの本発明の複合材料(PESに比した銀の濃度(ppm);第2表を参照)を6gのNMPと混合し、20分間超音波処理し、懸濁液をPVP溶液に加え、この溶液が均質になるまで攪拌した。ポリエーテルスルホンのUltrason(登録商標)2020 PSR(18g)をこの溶液に加え、粘性溶液が得られるまで攪拌した。この溶液を室温(30〜40℃)で一晩排気させた。膜溶液を70℃に再加熱した。膜を室温でキャスティングナイフを用いてガラス上でキャスティングし、浸漬前に30秒間乾燥させた。膜を25℃の水浴中へ入れた。10分間の浸漬後、膜を温水(65〜75℃、30分間)ですすいだ。
試験方法:JIS Z2801(日本規格方法)
試験菌株:大腸菌(ATCC 10536)
黄色ブドウ球菌(ATCC 3865)
接触時間/温度:37℃で24時間(JIS Z2801)
サンプルサイズ:2.5×2.5cm
カバーフィルムのサイズ:2×2cm
接種材料:100μLの細胞懸濁液
サンプルの取り扱い:接種されたサンプルの24時間にわたるインキュベーション後、全液体を材料から抽出し、細胞を溶出させるために10mL不活性化バッファーが充填された「Stomacher(登録商標)バッグ」にサンプルを移し、1分間「揉んだ」。
Claims (14)
- (a)10.1〜99.9質量%の単体銀(Ag)および
(b)0.1〜89.9質量%の酸化亜鉛(ZnO)を含む複合材料であって、
(a)および(b)の合計は、前記複合材料の90質量%以上を構成し、かつ
単体銀は10〜200nmの一次粒径を有し、および/または酸化亜鉛は0.1〜50μm未満の一次粒径を有し、および/または前記複合材料は0.1〜50μmの粒径分布および/または10〜100m2/gのBET表面積を有する複合材料。 - 前記単体銀は10〜100nmの一次粒径を有し、および/または前記酸化亜鉛は0.1〜30μm未満の一次粒径を有し、および/または前記複合材料は1〜30μmの粒径分布および/または20〜80m2/gのBET表面積を有する、請求項1に記載の複合材料。
- 前記単体銀は30〜80nmの一次粒径を有し、および/または前記酸化亜鉛は0.1〜22μm未満の一次粒径を有し、および/または前記複合材料は1〜22μmの粒径分布および/または35〜45m2/gのBET表面積を有する、請求項1または2に記載の複合材料。
- (a)20.1〜99.9質量%の単体銀および
(b)79.9〜0.1質量%の酸化亜鉛;
好ましくは
(a)20.1〜40.0質量%の単体銀および
(b)79.9〜60.0質量%の酸化亜鉛の複合材料を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。 - (i)少なくとも1種の銀塩の第1混合物と少なくとも1種の亜鉛塩の第2混合物を混合し、それにより銀塩と亜鉛塩の第3混合物を形成する工程と、
(ii)前記第3混合物を炭酸塩源の混合物に加える工程と、
(iii)工程(ii)において形成された前記炭酸銀および前記炭酸銀を共沈させる工程と、
(iv)前記炭酸銀および前記炭酸亜鉛を洗浄する工程と、
(v)前記炭酸銀および前記炭酸亜鉛を熱分解する工程とによって製造される、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。 - 工程(i)において
前記銀塩は、硝酸銀、酢酸銀、硫酸銀、クエン酸銀、メタンスルホン酸銀、フッ化銀およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、および/または
前記亜鉛塩は、硝酸亜鉛、酢酸亜鉛、硫酸亜鉛、クエン酸亜鉛、メタンスルホン酸亜鉛、塩化亜鉛、臭化亜鉛、ヨウ化亜鉛およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の複合材料。 - 工程(ii)において使用される炭酸塩源は、炭酸、炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸グアニジニウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸リチウム、対応する炭酸水素塩およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され;好ましくは、炭酸カリウムである、請求項5または6に記載の複合材料。
- (a)工程(ii)は、10〜90℃の温度で実施され、
および/または
(b)工程(v)は、不活性雰囲気下、好ましくは100〜600℃の温度で実施される、請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料。 - 請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の複合材料および有機ポリマーを含む膜を含む抗菌膜システム。
- 前記有機ポリマーは、酢酸セルロース類、ポリアクリロニトリル類、ポリアミド類、ポリオレフィン類、ポリエステル類、ポリスルホン類、ポリエーテルスルホン類、ポリカーボネート類、ポリエーテルケトン類、スルホン化ポリエーテルケトン類、ポリアミドスルホン類、ポリフッ化ビニリデン類、ポリ塩化ビニル類、ポリスチレン類およびポリテトラフルオロエチレン類またはそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され;好ましくは、ポリスルホン類、ポリエーテルスルホン類、ポリフッ化ビニリデン類、ポリアミド類、酢酸セルロースおよびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載の抗菌膜システム。
- 前記複合材料の量は、前記有機ポリマーの質量に基づいて0.05〜20質量%である、請求項9または10に記載の抗菌膜システム。
- 水分離またはガス分離プロセスのため、特に食品、飲料、医薬品およびそれらの中間体から選択される水性液体もしくは分散液の濾過、バイオテクノロジーもしくは医学における水性液体もしくは分散液からの生体分子もしくは生体粒子の分離、発電において使用される水の濾過、および/または工業プロセス、化学的プロセス、金属処理、半導体加工処理、パルプおよび紙加工のための水の、および特に飲料水および/または廃水の精製および/または汚染除去を含む水分離プロセスのための、請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に記載の抗菌膜システムの使用。
- 逆浸透、特に海水淡水化のための、請求項12に記載の抗菌膜システムの使用。
- 表面または製品またはバルク組成物に抗菌特性を付与するための、特に前記表面または製品またはバルク組成物が前記複合材料の前記表面または製品またはバルク組成物内への組み込みによる1種以上のポリマーおよび/または有機化合物を含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項により得られた複合材料の使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09168776 | 2009-08-27 | ||
EP09168776.4 | 2009-08-27 | ||
PCT/EP2010/061900 WO2011023584A2 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2010-08-16 | Nano silver-zinc oxide composition |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2013503124A true JP2013503124A (ja) | 2013-01-31 |
JP2013503124A5 JP2013503124A5 (ja) | 2013-10-03 |
Family
ID=41429395
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012525997A Pending JP2013503124A (ja) | 2009-08-27 | 2010-08-16 | ナノ銀−酸化亜鉛組成物 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8673367B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2470023A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2013503124A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20120116387A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102573501B (ja) |
AR (1) | AR081509A1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2010288716B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112012004330A2 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL217996A0 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2012002245A (ja) |
SG (1) | SG178353A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011023584A2 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA201202126B (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6261589A (ja) * | 1985-09-10 | 1987-03-18 | Fuji Oil Co Ltd | グリセリド油脂の加工法 |
JP2015116539A (ja) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 |
JP2016529086A (ja) * | 2013-06-07 | 2016-09-23 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 耐酸化性及び耐塩素性に優れたポリアミド系水処理分離膜及びその製造方法 |
KR20230089697A (ko) | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-21 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 열가소성 수지 조성물, 이의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 성형품 |
Families Citing this family (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
MX2012002245A (es) * | 2009-08-27 | 2012-07-03 | Polymers Crc Ltd | Composicion de nano-oxido de plata-zinc. |
CN102074278B (zh) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-12-28 | 温州宏丰电工合金股份有限公司 | 颗粒定向排列增强银基电触头材料的制备方法 |
BR112014005781B1 (pt) * | 2011-09-15 | 2021-01-26 | Basf Se | composição termoplástica para moldagem compreendendo estabilizantes de prata e óxido de zinco para poliamida retardadora de chama, uso das composições termoplásticas para moldagem, e, fibra, filme ou peça moldada |
US8883904B2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2014-11-11 | Basf Se | Mixtures of silver and zinc oxide as stabilizer for flame-retardant polyamides |
JP6040021B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-13 | 2016-12-07 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 抗菌抗ウイルス性組成物及びその製造方法 |
CN103084583B (zh) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-09-10 | 东南大学 | 一种制备氧化锌和银纳米复合物的方法 |
JP2016517797A (ja) | 2013-04-19 | 2016-06-20 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | 膜の化学安定性の改善 |
WO2014170423A2 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | Basf Se | Water filtration process |
CN105636677B (zh) | 2013-10-15 | 2019-03-12 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 改进过滤膜的化学稳定性 |
CN103663543B (zh) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-10-21 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | 一种制备氧化锌纳米材料的方法 |
EP3177142B1 (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2018-05-23 | Unilever NV | A process for preparing an antimicrobial particulate composition |
KR101723407B1 (ko) | 2014-09-05 | 2017-04-05 | 애드케이원(주) | 간판용 보조 조명장치 |
US10058542B1 (en) | 2014-09-12 | 2018-08-28 | Thioredoxin Systems Ab | Composition comprising selenazol or thiazolone derivatives and silver and method of treatment therewith |
US9883993B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2018-02-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Notch filter coatings for use in sunscreen applications |
US10772808B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2020-09-15 | International Business Machines Corporation | Anti-reflective coating on oxide particles for sunscreen applications |
US10952942B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2021-03-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Plasmonic enhancement of zinc oxide light absorption for sunscreen applications |
US10369092B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2019-08-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Nitride-based nanoparticles for use in sunscreen applications |
US9993402B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2018-06-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Sunscreen additives for enhancing vitamin D production |
US9937112B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2018-04-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Doping of zinc oxide particles for sunscreen applications |
US9883994B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2018-02-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Implementing organic materials in sunscreen applications |
US10682294B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2020-06-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Controlling zinc oxide particle size for sunscreen applications |
US10092487B2 (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2018-10-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Plasmonic enhancement of absorption in sunscreen applications |
US10045918B2 (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2018-08-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Embedding oxide particles within separate particles for sunscreen applications |
US10076475B2 (en) | 2015-10-23 | 2018-09-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Shell-structured particles for sunscreen applications |
CN105645459B (zh) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-21 | 长沙理工大学 | 一种表面修饰海胆状ZnO/TiO2复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN106283617A (zh) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-01-04 | 陕西科技大学 | 棉织物用聚合物/Ag掺杂纳米ZnO长效抗菌防霉整理剂及其制备方法 |
CN106824234B (zh) * | 2017-01-22 | 2019-06-25 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 制备海胆状Ag/AgCl/ZnO纳米复合材料的方法 |
EP3668607B1 (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2021-07-07 | Entekno Endüstriyel Teknolojik Ve Nano Malzemeler Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi | Method for producing zinc oxide platelets with controlled size and morphology |
USD908214S1 (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2021-01-19 | United States Endoscopy Group, Inc. | Tip protector |
HRP20240283T1 (hr) | 2019-09-26 | 2024-05-10 | Jumbo Drug Bank Co., Ltd. | Derivati 4-fluoro-1h-pirazolo[3,4-c]piridina kao selektivni inhibitori brutonove tirozin kinaze (btk) za liječenje b-staničnih limfoma i autoimunih bolesti |
CN111109291A (zh) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-05-08 | 佛山欧神诺陶瓷有限公司 | 一种陶瓷砖抗菌剂及其制备方法 |
CN112023714B (zh) * | 2020-07-21 | 2021-06-18 | 东华大学 | 一种可吸附和降解微塑料的功能化碳纤维膜及其制备方法 |
CN112121642A (zh) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-25 | 上海应用技术大学 | 一种具有光催化自清洁性能的聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺水处理膜及其制备方法与应用 |
CN112725652B (zh) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-01-04 | 福达合金材料股份有限公司 | 一种银氧化锌电接触材料及其制备方法 |
KR102450092B1 (ko) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-10-07 | 한국재료연구원 | 항균 제제 및 이를 포함하는 항균 수지 조성물 |
CN117534893B (zh) * | 2023-12-15 | 2024-06-07 | 揭阳市东拓家居实业有限公司 | 一种抗菌塑料及其制备工艺 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06100403A (ja) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-04-12 | Hakusui Chem Ind Ltd | 抗菌・防黴性組成物 |
JPH06293611A (ja) * | 1993-04-05 | 1994-10-21 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 抗菌性材料 |
JPH11263705A (ja) * | 1998-03-17 | 1999-09-28 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 抗菌剤及び抗菌性樹脂組成物 |
JP2002179514A (ja) * | 2000-12-11 | 2002-06-26 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 抗菌剤,抗菌剤の製造方法及び抗菌性樹脂組成物 |
JP2006273777A (ja) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Toray Ind Inc | 抗菌性金属含有無機酸化物の製造方法、抗菌剤および水の処理方法 |
JP2007161498A (ja) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-28 | Toray Ind Inc | 抗菌性粒状体およびその製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2042562B (en) | 1979-02-05 | 1983-05-11 | Sandoz Ltd | Stabilising polymers |
DE3146972A1 (de) * | 1981-11-26 | 1983-06-01 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Verfahren zum herstellen von formteilen aus cadmiumfreien silber-metalloxid-verbundwerkstoffen fuer elektrische kontaktstuecke |
US5175312A (en) | 1989-08-31 | 1992-12-29 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | 3-phenylbenzofuran-2-ones |
TW206220B (ja) | 1991-07-01 | 1993-05-21 | Ciba Geigy Ag | |
US5252643A (en) | 1991-07-01 | 1993-10-12 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Thiomethylated benzofuran-2-ones |
GB2267490B (en) | 1992-05-22 | 1995-08-09 | Ciba Geigy Ag | 3-(Carboxymethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one stabilisers |
TW260686B (ja) | 1992-05-22 | 1995-10-21 | Ciba Geigy | |
NL9300801A (nl) | 1992-05-22 | 1993-12-16 | Ciba Geigy | 3-(acyloxyfenyl)benzofuran-2-on als stabilisatoren. |
TW255902B (ja) | 1992-09-23 | 1995-09-01 | Ciba Geigy | |
MX9305489A (es) | 1992-09-23 | 1994-03-31 | Ciba Geigy Ag | 3-(dihidrobenzofuran-5-il)benzofuran-2-onas, estabilizadores. |
US5973068A (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 1999-10-26 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Silicone resin-containing emulsion composition, method for making same, and article having a cured film of same |
US8192765B2 (en) | 2000-06-21 | 2012-06-05 | Icet, Inc. | Material compositions for microbial and chemical protection |
US8207070B2 (en) | 2000-11-22 | 2012-06-26 | Techmer Pm, Llc | Wettable polyolefin fibers and fabrics |
TW593303B (en) | 2001-09-11 | 2004-06-21 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Stabilization of synthetic polymers |
CN1320063C (zh) * | 2001-10-17 | 2007-06-06 | 三仪股份有限公司 | 抗菌性复合粒子和抗菌性树脂组合物 |
WO2004106311A2 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2004-12-09 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc. | Aminoaryl-1-3-5 triazines and their use as uv absorbers |
CN1568704A (zh) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-01-26 | 天津理工学院 | 一种组合纳米抗菌材料及其制备方法和产品 |
KR100611682B1 (ko) | 2005-07-12 | 2006-08-14 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 은 나노 입자/고분자 나노 복합체를 이용한 올레핀/파라핀분리용 나노 복합 분리막 및 제조 방법 |
CN1771807B (zh) * | 2005-07-29 | 2011-04-13 | 西南交通大学 | 氧化锌晶格载银无机抗菌剂及其制备方法 |
CN100500003C (zh) * | 2005-10-31 | 2009-06-17 | 深圳清华大学研究院 | 纳米复合抗菌剂 |
CN101053782B (zh) | 2007-05-16 | 2010-09-01 | 河北科技大学 | 抗菌醋酸纤维素纳滤膜及其制备方法 |
US20110024355A1 (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2011-02-03 | Polymers Crc Ltd. | Antimicrobial membranes |
US8877838B2 (en) | 2008-11-24 | 2014-11-04 | Basf Se | Melamine phenylphosphinate flame retardant compositions |
CN102239209B (zh) | 2008-12-04 | 2013-07-10 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 蜜胺苯基膦酸盐阻燃剂组合物 |
CN102272216A (zh) | 2008-12-29 | 2011-12-07 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 环氧树脂中的dopo阻燃剂 |
EP2451869A1 (en) | 2009-07-06 | 2012-05-16 | Basf Se | Phenylphosphonate flame retardant compositions |
MX2012002245A (es) * | 2009-08-27 | 2012-07-03 | Polymers Crc Ltd | Composicion de nano-oxido de plata-zinc. |
-
2010
- 2010-08-16 MX MX2012002245A patent/MX2012002245A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-08-16 US US13/391,655 patent/US8673367B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-08-16 SG SG2012009320A patent/SG178353A1/en unknown
- 2010-08-16 KR KR1020127007921A patent/KR20120116387A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-08-16 AU AU2010288716A patent/AU2010288716B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-08-16 CN CN201080037899.4A patent/CN102573501B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-08-16 BR BR112012004330A patent/BR112012004330A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-08-16 JP JP2012525997A patent/JP2013503124A/ja active Pending
- 2010-08-16 WO PCT/EP2010/061900 patent/WO2011023584A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-08-16 EP EP10745207A patent/EP2470023A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-08-26 AR ARP100103133A patent/AR081509A1/es unknown
-
2012
- 2012-02-08 IL IL217996A patent/IL217996A0/en unknown
- 2012-03-23 ZA ZA2012/02126A patent/ZA201202126B/en unknown
-
2014
- 2014-01-24 US US14/162,808 patent/US8951543B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06100403A (ja) * | 1992-09-22 | 1994-04-12 | Hakusui Chem Ind Ltd | 抗菌・防黴性組成物 |
JPH06293611A (ja) * | 1993-04-05 | 1994-10-21 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 抗菌性材料 |
JPH11263705A (ja) * | 1998-03-17 | 1999-09-28 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 抗菌剤及び抗菌性樹脂組成物 |
JP2002179514A (ja) * | 2000-12-11 | 2002-06-26 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 抗菌剤,抗菌剤の製造方法及び抗菌性樹脂組成物 |
JP2006273777A (ja) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Toray Ind Inc | 抗菌性金属含有無機酸化物の製造方法、抗菌剤および水の処理方法 |
JP2007161498A (ja) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-28 | Toray Ind Inc | 抗菌性粒状体およびその製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
A. OANA CADAR ET AL., CAS 2007 PROCEEDINGS 2007 INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CONFERENCE, vol. 2, JPN6014034502, 2007, pages 315 - 318, ISSN: 0002877454 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6261589A (ja) * | 1985-09-10 | 1987-03-18 | Fuji Oil Co Ltd | グリセリド油脂の加工法 |
JP2016529086A (ja) * | 2013-06-07 | 2016-09-23 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 耐酸化性及び耐塩素性に優れたポリアミド系水処理分離膜及びその製造方法 |
US9833751B2 (en) | 2013-06-07 | 2017-12-05 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Polyamide water-treatment separation membrane having superior oxidation resistance and chlorine resistance properties, and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2015116539A (ja) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜およびその製造方法 |
KR20230089697A (ko) | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-21 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 열가소성 수지 조성물, 이의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 성형품 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102573501B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
EP2470023A2 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
KR20120116387A (ko) | 2012-10-22 |
US20120177713A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
MX2012002245A (es) | 2012-07-03 |
US8951543B2 (en) | 2015-02-10 |
WO2011023584A3 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
US20140142213A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
CN102573501A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
AU2010288716A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
SG178353A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
ZA201202126B (en) | 2013-05-29 |
BR112012004330A2 (pt) | 2015-09-08 |
AU2010288716B2 (en) | 2015-09-17 |
IL217996A0 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
AR081509A1 (es) | 2012-10-03 |
WO2011023584A2 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
US8673367B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP2013503124A (ja) | ナノ銀−酸化亜鉛組成物 | |
AU2008309752B2 (en) | Antimicrobial membranes | |
Vatanpour et al. | Investigation of boron nitride/silver/graphene oxide nanocomposite on separation and antibacterial improvement of polyethersulfone membranes in wastewater treatment | |
Huang et al. | Modification of PES membrane with Ag–SiO2: Reduction of biofouling and improvement of filtration performance | |
Zhang et al. | Biogenic silver nanoparticles (bio-Ag0) decrease biofouling of bio-Ag0/PES nanocomposite membranes | |
Jeon et al. | Rationally designed in-situ fabrication of thin film nanocomposite membranes with enhanced desalination and anti-biofouling performance | |
Xu et al. | Antimicrobial polysulfone blended ultrafiltration membranes prepared with Ag/Cu2O hybrid nanowires | |
Huang et al. | Effect of silver loaded sodium zirconium phosphate (nanoAgZ) nanoparticles incorporation on PES membrane performance | |
Mollahosseini et al. | The effect of silver nanoparticle size on performance and antibacteriality of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane | |
Mahat et al. | Carbon quantum dots embedded polysulfone membranes for antibacterial performance in the process of forward osmosis | |
Al-Hinai et al. | Antimicrobial activity enhancement of poly (ether sulfone) membranes by in situ growth of ZnO nanorods | |
JP2013521395A (ja) | 抗菌製品の製造方法 | |
Andrade et al. | Inhibition of bacterial adhesion on cellulose acetate membranes containing silver nanoparticles | |
Toroghi et al. | Preparation and characterization of polyethersulfone/silver nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane for antibacterial applications | |
Jewrajka et al. | Amphiphilic poly (acrylonitrile‐co‐acrylic acid)/silver nanocomposite additives for the preparation of antibiofouling membranes with improved properties | |
Aktij et al. | Low content nano-polyrhodanine modified polysulfone membranes with superior properties and their performance for wastewater treatment | |
KR102185206B1 (ko) | 자가 세척 기능화된 수처리용 고분자 분리막 | |
Mozia et al. | Influence of Ag/titanate nanotubes on physicochemical, antifouling and antimicrobial properties of mixed‐matrix polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes | |
Hebbar et al. | Fabrication of a novel hollow fiber membrane decorated with functionalized Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles: towards sustainable water treatment and biofouling control | |
Vatanpour et al. | Defected Ag/Cu-MOF as a modifier of polyethersulfone membranes for enhancing permeability, antifouling properties and heavy metal and dye pollutant removal | |
Punitha et al. | Antifouling activities of β-cyclodextrin stabilized peg based silver nanocomposites | |
Purushothaman et al. | Enhancement of antifouling properties, metal ions and protein separation of poly (ether-ether-sulfone) ultrafiltration membranes by incorporation of poly ethylene glycol and n-ZnO | |
Asadi et al. | Preparation of antifouling and antibacterial polyvinylidene fluoride membrane by incorporating functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes | |
Rameesha et al. | Efficacy of MOF-199 in improvement of permeation, morphological, antifouling and antibacterial characteristics of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes | |
KR101448551B1 (ko) | 내바이오파울링성 수처리 분리막 및 그 제조방법 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20130813 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20130813 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20140710 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20140818 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20141009 |
|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20150413 |