CN116267457A - Propagation method of strong winter self-incompatibility cabbage material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a propagation method of a strong winter self-incompatibility cabbage material, which comprises the following steps: s1: accelerating germination of seeds; s2: transplanting seeds when the seeds germinate and cotyledons are just unfolded; s3: the seedling stage is treated at low temperature, and the treatment time at low temperature is 60-80 days; s4: transplanting in a field; s5: pollination; s6: seeds are harvested. The invention adopts seedling stage low temperature vernalization treatment, and has the advantages that: (1) easy operation. Only needs to carry out low-temperature vernalization treatment when seedlings grow to a 10-leaf period, and then transplanting the seedlings into a field; (2) greatly shortening the propagation period. The invention shortens the reproduction time obviously from 8 months to 5 months of the next year, and improves the reproduction efficiency.

Description

Propagation method of strong winter self-incompatibility cabbage material

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to a propagation method of a strong winter self-incompatibility cabbage material.

Background

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) is an important cash crop in the cruciferae family, and has a wide variety, a wide distribution, and various functions. The common head cabbage is an important vegetable crop, can provide dietary fibers required by human bodies, is also favored as horticultural plants, and in addition, some cabbage varieties are important research materials in the field of plant pathogen research, but seed reserving and breeding of the cabbage are always problems facing scientific researchers. The main reasons are several: firstly, cabbage is a green vernalized plant, and nutrient bodies can normally bloom through vernalization after growing to a certain size and experiencing low temperature; secondly, cabbage winter is stronger, needs long duration low temperature to normally pass vernalization, has the difference between different materials moreover, and is complicated to strong winter material operation in low temperature preservation stage, and the detail is more, and the improper operation leads to the material damage easily. A set of cabbage seed reproduction technical process is developed by the research institute of vegetables and flowers of the national academy of agricultural science, seed plants are selected in the mature period (northern spring cabbage is in the month of five months each year), the seed plants are preserved at a low temperature of 4-6 ℃ for three months (2-3 times during airing), then the seed plants are taken out, cut from the top end of the seed plants, transplanted to open field after the seed plants are subjected to temporary planting exercise for about 10 days, and flowers and pollinations are carried out in the next three-month. The scheme flow can ensure that the spring cabbage seed plants normally bloom and pollinate, but has a plurality of limitations. Firstly, the whole process is long in duration period, seeds are sowed and grown in the late April to be harvested in the following June, and the time span is nearly one and half years; secondly, the operation steps are complicated, seed plant screening, refrigeration house treatment, temporary planting exercise and the like are needed, and the refrigeration house treatment also needs to strictly control indoor environment conditions and perform disease prevention treatment such as bactericide spraying and the like. Therefore, a breeding method of strong winter self-incompatibility cabbage with simple operation and short period is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a propagation method of the strong winter self-incompatibility cabbage material, which greatly simplifies the propagation steps of the cabbage material by exploring different characteristics of the strong winter self-incompatibility cabbage material, establishes a complete, efficient, simple and easy-to-operate cabbage propagation system and provides a new reference method for propagation of similar cabbage materials.

The invention provides a propagation method of a strong winter self-incompatibility cabbage material, which comprises the following steps:

s1: accelerating germination of seeds;

s2: hardening seedlings;

s3: the seedling stage is treated at low temperature for 60-80 days.

Further, the specific operation of the step S1 is as follows: filter paper is placed at the bottom of a culture vessel, tap water is added, cabbage seeds are placed in the culture vessel, the culture vessel is placed in an incubator, and the germination is kept. The culture vessel can be a culture dish, a culture bottle and the like.

Furthermore, the number of the cabbage seeds is determined according to the size of the culture dish, preferably 8-10 seeds per square centimeter, and the excessive density can cause staggered adhesion of roots after the later germination, which is not beneficial to seedling separation and hardening.

Further, the temperature of the incubator is 23-27 ℃.

Further, the specific operation of step S2 is as follows: transplanting when the seed germinates and the cotyledons are just unfolded, and placing the seed in an artificial growth room for growth after the transplanting is completed.

Further, the illumination time length of the artificial growth room in the daytime is 16 hours, the illumination intensity is 5000 lux, and the temperature is 23-25 ℃; the dark time is 8 hours, and the temperature is between 16 and 18 ℃.

Further, the specific operation of the step S3 is as follows: and (3) when the cabbage seedlings grow to 10 leaves, transferring the seedlings to a low-temperature vernalization room for vernalization treatment.

Further, the temperature of the vernalization room is 4-6 ℃, the humidity is 60-80%, the illumination time in the daytime is 16 hours, and the vernalization room is normally watered during the daytime, so that fertilizer is supplemented.

Further, the propagation method further comprises the steps of field transplanting, pollination and seed harvesting.

Further, the strong winter self-incompatibility cabbage material comprises any one of ECD11, ECD12, ECD13, ECD14 and ECD 15. The ECD 11-ECD 14 are 4 common head cabbages, the ECD15 is a collard, the 5 cabbages have difference in winter strength and are self-incompatible materials, the propagation difficulty is high, and the materials are easy to lose due to improper operation.

In conclusion, compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the following technical effects:

(1) The operation is simple and convenient. In the prior art, the seedling is subjected to seed plant screening, refrigeration house treatment, temporary planting exercise and other means, and the seedling is subjected to low-temperature vernalization treatment when the seedling grows to a 10-leaf period and then transplanted to a field;

(2) Greatly shortens the reproduction period. In the prior art, seeds are harvested from the last ten days of 1 month to the next 6 months of the year, and the time span is long, and the invention obviously shortens the propagation time from 8 months to 5 months of the next year, improves the efficiency and is convenient for subsequent further work.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a propagation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows the results of three experiments in accordance with the present invention prior to overwintering a field of transplanted cabbage.

FIG. 3 shows the result of the flowering phase of cabbage of test three in the example of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the invention.

The European plasmodiophora species identification host system (European clubroot differential set) is a set of materials specifically designed to identify plasmodiophora species. The identified hosts are provided by a British Wo Weike genetic resource room, the set of materials consists of 15 different cruciferous varieties, wherein ECD11, ECD12, ECD13 and ECD14 are 4 common head cabbages, ECD15 is collard, 5 cabbages have different winter strengths and are self-incompatible materials, the propagation difficulty is high, and the materials are easy to lose due to improper operation. The invention takes the above 5 cabbage materials as an example, and provides a method for efficiently and simply breeding the strong winter self-incompatibility cabbage materials.

Examples

The propagation method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) Seed germination accelerating method

Under the conditions of seasons and climates in Yangtze river basin, round filter paper is placed in a clean culture dish (with the diameter of 10 cm) at the beginning of August, the size is properly attached to the bottom of the culture dish, about 10ml of tap water is added into the culture dish by using a dropper, 5 cabbage seeds are respectively planted in 5 different culture dishes, the number of the seeds in each culture dish is properly about 200, and excessive density can lead to staggered adhesion of roots after later germination, so that seedling separation and hardening are not facilitated. Placing the culture dish with the seeds in an incubator at about 25 ℃ for germination.

(2) Hardening off seedlings

When seeds germinate, the cotyledons are transplanted into plastic flower bowls with nutrient soil in advance when the cotyledons are just unfolded, one plant is transplanted into each bowl, the seedling bowls are placed in a tray capable of containing water and are all placed in an artificial growth room, the day and night temperature of the artificial growth room is 25 ℃ and 18 ℃ respectively, the illumination time is 16 hours every day, the illumination intensity is 5000 lux, and normal watering management is kept.

(3) Low temperature treatment

When the cabbage seedlings grow to 10 leaves (September bottom), the seedlings and the tray are moved to a low-temperature vernalization room, the temperature of the vernalization room is controlled to be 4-6 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 60%, the illumination time is 16 hours in the daytime every day, a small amount of compound fertilizer is properly supplemented according to normal watering management during the day, and old leaves which naturally fall off in the growth process are cleaned.

(4) Transplanting in field

According to the difference of winter strength, the ECD15 is transplanted to a field with soil after being treated at low temperature for 60 days (at the bottom of 11 months), the ECD 11-ECD 14 is transplanted to the field with soil after being treated at low temperature for 80 days (at the last ten days of 12 months), plant spacing and row spacing are both 30cm, root setting water is poured after the transplanting, and urea is applied once under the condition of suitable seedling-reviving in the middle and the last ten days of one month.

(5) Pollination

Under the climatic conditions in the Yangtze river basin, 5 cabbage materials are in the early flowering phase in mid-March. Before flowering, mosquito nets are respectively sleeved according to the material numbers to isolate insects, and each mosquito net is placed with a box of bees for supplementary pollination in the early flowering period.

(6) Harvesting seeds

Cutting all plant horns in late July when they are lute yellow, turning to open sunning field, threshing when the horns are dried and split, sun drying, and storing in cold storage.

The best operation scheme in the invention is summarized after 4 years of experimental exploration in the early stage, and the specific experimental results are shown in the following table:

TABLE 1 cabbage propagation results with vernalization time of 30 days

TABLE 2 cabbage propagation results with a vernalization time of 120 days

TABLE 3 cabbage propagation results with vernalization time of 60 days

TABLE 4 cabbage propagation results with a vernalization time of 80 days

The vernalization time of the first test is 30 days, the vernalization time of the second test is 120 days, and except that the ECD15 can produce a small amount of seeds (20 kg/mu) under the second test, the two vernalization times can not produce cabbage seeds normally, which means that the propagation is failed. The vernalization time adopted in the test III and the test IV is 60 days and 80 days respectively, and the result shows that the 5 strong winter self-incompatibility cabbage materials, namely ECD11, ECD12, ECD13, ECD14 and ECD15, can be normally propagated, the yield can reach more than 50 kg/mu and can reach 126.5 kg/mu, and the propagation method adopted by the invention is effective for the strong winter self-incompatibility cabbage materials.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A propagation method of a strong winter self-incompatibility cabbage material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: accelerating germination of seeds;

s2: hardening seedlings;

s3: the seedling stage is treated at low temperature for 60-80 days.

2. The propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation of step S1 is as follows:

filter paper is placed at the bottom of a culture vessel, tap water is added, cabbage seeds are placed in the culture vessel, the culture vessel is placed in an incubator, and the germination is kept.

3. Propagation method according to claim 2, characterized in that the number of cabbage seeds is 8-10 seeds per square centimeter.

4. Propagation method according to claim 2, characterized in that the temperature of the incubator is 23-27 ℃.

5. The propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation of step S2 is as follows:

transplanting when the seed germinates and the cotyledons are just unfolded, and placing the seed in an artificial growth room for growth after the transplanting is completed.

6. The propagation method according to claim 5, wherein the time length of the illumination in the daytime between artificial growth is 16 hours, the intensity of the illumination is 5000 lux, and the temperature is 23-25 ℃; the dark time is 8 hours, and the temperature is between 16 and 18 ℃.

7. The propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation of step S3 is as follows:

and (3) when the cabbage seedlings grow to 10 leaves, transferring the seedlings to a low-temperature vernalization room for vernalization treatment.

8. The propagation method of claim 7, wherein the temperature of the vernalization room is 4-6 ℃, the humidity is 60-80%, the daytime illumination time is 16 hours, and the water is normally watered during the daytime illumination time, so that fertilizer is supplemented.

9. The propagation method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of field transplanting, pollination, and seed harvest.

10. The propagation method of claim 1, wherein the strong winter self-incompatibility cabbage material comprises any one of ECD11, ECD12, ECD13, ECD14, ECD 15.

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