CN105766619B - A kind of breeding method of day lily seed - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of day lily seed Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of breeding method of day lily seed, belong to growing vegetables technical field.This method is, using after section means optimization female parent, to plant hybridization with wild day lily set, obtain sub godmother's sheet；Then first filial generation female parent is subjected to tissue cultures, and hybridization is planted with wild day lily set, obtain second filial maternal；Finally by second filial female parent carry out vernalization cultivation, obtain can be live day lily seed.After being broadcast under the day lily seed of seed selection of the present invention, germination percentage is up to 98.7%；Survival rate more than 92.5% in transplanting, and in 3 years plant experimentally, the incidence of disease is less than 2.4%, is significantly increased compared to existing day lily seed indices.In addition, after the seedling that the seed is cultivated grows up to, cold-proof freezing tolerance is strong, appropriate ridging is only needed when surviving the winter, is adapted to north field production, saves planting cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to growing vegetables technical field, more particularly to a kind of breeding method of day lily seed.
Background technology
Day lily is also known as tawny daylily, acupuncture needle, forgets sorrow grass etc., is Hemerocallidaceae hemerocallis herbaceos perennial.It not yet deploys
And in absinthe-green dry flower edible, rich in heat, protein, fat, fiber, grey matter and several mineral materials (such as calcium,
Phosphorus, iron) and vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin etc., be one of time-honored food in Chinese's diet.It is yellow
The root of cauliflower can be used as medicine, the effect for having detumescence annealing；Its flower can also be used as medicine, and ancient books and records are recited as cool in nature, sweet, tool moistening lung effect；Its
Ye Ze is often used for paper processed, is referred to as " tawny daylily paper ".In addition, chrysanthemum fungating type is beautiful, leaf color jade green, pattern enriches, and the florescence is longer, is
Melt and see leaf with seeing flower in the excellent Garden Greenland flowers of one, generally liked by the people of other countries.Because having breeding easy,
The features such as extensive management, adaptability and resistance, meet the requirement that China builds saving landscape, in Chinese garden planting, chrysanthemum
Dish can group planting, row be planted in flower bed, flower border, roadside, lawn or piece is planted, and can also be made cut-flower, are the good materials of afforestation, have
Wide application prospect.
In recent years, market is increasing to the demand of day lily seedling, in order to adapt to northern China plantation weather, it is necessary to
Unique cultural method, often proceeds by outdoor or greenhouse production from the seedling stage, but still it is low to there is germination and survival rate
The problem of.Importantly, the seedling stage refers to plant in cultivating in basin about 3 months from the bulb that foreign countries introduce.Also
It is to say, tradition country high-quality day lily is required for introducing original seed greatly, and it is very high that this allows for planting cost.Although, it is domestic at present
There is day lily seed seedling-raising method, its method is：1) choose seeds：Growth selection is healthy and strong, chrysanthemum without disease pest, plant 5~8 years, just
Florescence, which is each spent on a kind of sedge, stays 5~6 sturdy buds not pluck, and allows as a result, giving over to seed；Wherein, spent at the beginning of the chrysanthemum of seed collecting
Phase sprayed 1 amino acid, 2000 times of liquid every 7~10 days, sprayed 2~3 times, treated that north fruit is ripe, top slightly breach when, take threshing, plant
Son will be placed at aeration-drying, kept properly；2) nursery：The place such as cold bed or greenhouse is selected, seedbed is done with fertile vegetable garden soil,
And carrying out soil disinfection, seed applies having for sieving of becoming thoroughly decomposed during sowing with 25 DEG C of water seed soaking 48 hours per furrow (1.50~7m)
Machine fertilizer 200kg, furrow it is smooth after pour vola water, after water oozes, by line-spacing 15cm, rear earthing 2cm is broadcast in spacing in the rows 3cm trench digging dibblings；
Using Cold frame, small arch stalk epiphragma can be being inserted above, temperature of shed is kept for 25 DEG C daytime, and be not less than 12~15 DEG C, 1 week in the evening
It can emerge, canopy temperature is gradually reduced after emerging, adapt to outside climatic, prevent seedling excessive growth.To enhance field management, keep in seedling stage
Ground moistening.Note preventing disease pest control, to intertill more and spray some foliar fertilizers, promote seedling development, be the transplanting training in the coming year
Educate seedlings, strong sprout.Although this method can also cultivate the seedling of high-quality, seed selection process is excessively simple, and field plant growth is more
Year its resistance is decreased obviously, and causes seed yield and seed quality to be degenerated, thus with the kind shoot survival percents of the cultivating seeds it is low, fall ill
Rate is high, and plant flower yield and bud quality are also poor, it is difficult to meet the market demand.In consideration of it, Duo Jia research institutions of country seedling
Enterprise releases one after another the method for tissue culture propagation seedling, and gold shakes the group of evergreen hemerocailis middendorffi as disclosed in the A of patent CN 101869062
Cultural method is knitted, a kind of tissue culture method for forgetting tawny daylily bulb bud disclosed in the A of CN 104285786, the A of CN 103609444 are disclosed
Evergreen tawny daylily tissue culture method, a kind of propagation method of hemerocailis middendorffi etc. disclosed in the A of CN 103461135.These patents
Disclosed technical scheme all obtains seedling using tissue cultures means, then carries out greenhouse or field production.Tissue cultivating and seedling
Although the problem of germination percentage and low survival rate can be overcome, but still there is cost height, and the problem of nursery small scale, it is difficult to it is full
The sufficient market demand.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：Solve existing day lily and reserve seed for planting method simply, seed quality and resistance are poor, and seed yield is low
The problem of；Solve existing day lily percentage of seedgermination and flower yield is low, the problem of incidence of disease is high；Solve the kind of existing cultivating seeds
Seedling is the problem of identification in fields is poor.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of breeding method of day lily seed, after section means optimization female parent, hybridization is planted with wild day lily set,
Obtain sub godmother's sheet；Then first filial generation female parent is subjected to tissue cultures, and hybridization is planted with wild day lily set, obtain son two
Godmother's sheet；Finally by second filial female parent carry out vernalization cultivation, obtain can be live day lily seed, it is characterised in that：Specific step
It is rapid as follows：
1) explant female parent is cultivated
1. the maternal seed of explant is harvested：High-quality, high yield, precocity, the kind of Resistant are selected, is bred through plant division in 3~5 years
Afterwards, the maternal seed of harvest explant；
2. screening explant is maternal：The maternal seed of explant is subjected to artificial cultivation, after managing with delicacy 3 years, reached suitable
Explant seedling is harvested, healthy and strong day lily plant is selected, the black base of a fruit of shortening stem lower floor is got rid of, the spinning expanded on fleshy root is cut off
Duo roots, cut short to 5~7mm, remove butt rot, remove residual leaf, obtain the maternal seedling of explant；
3. by the transplantation of seedlings of explant kind in relatively independent big Tanaka, pollen class crop is around avoided, in the case where managing with delicacy,
Growth 3~5 years, the day lily for obtaining being adapted to collection explant is maternal；
2) explant is bred
1. explant and disinfected from interception on step day lily female parent 3.；
2. the explant after sterilization is inoculated on bud inducement cultivation base, feeding culturing room carries out bud inducement cultivation；
3. the explant after differentiation is transferred on subculture medium and carries out squamous subculture, obtain breaking up seedling；
4. differentiation seedling is inoculated on root media and carries out culture of rootage；
5. hardening, removal culturing room are transplanted, and obtain filial generation maternal；
3) maternal covered with wild day lily of filial generation is planted
1 is pressed with wild day lily by raw filial generation in 2 years is maternal:1 ratio set is planted in big Tanaka, by the side for putting honeybee in a suitable place to breed
After method supple-mentary pollination 2 years, seed was gathered since the 3rd year, continuous acquisition 3 years obtains first filial generation seed；
4) first filial generation is cultivated maternal
First filial generation seed is broadcast under autumn, routinely management technical means, which are cultivated, obtains first filial generation female parent；
5) maternal covered with wild day lily in first filial generation is planted
By step 4) obtained 2 years raw first filial generations it is maternal with wild day lily by 1:1 ratio set is planted in big Tanaka, is passed through
The method supple-mentary pollination of honeybee is put in a suitable place to breed after 2 years, seed was gathered since the 3rd year, continuous acquisition 3 years obtains second filial maternal
Seed；
6) seed vernalization and cultivation second filial are maternal
By step 5) the maternal seed of obtained second filial carries out winter low temperature storage, and reserve temperature is -5~8 DEG C, treats spring
Temperature is gradually gone up to after at the beginning of 3 months to be taken out from storaing kiln；Conventionally broadcast down, through the rational application of fertilizer, artificial supplementary pollination, winter
After season antifreeze management, it is maternal that cultivation obtains second filial；
7) collect seed
Second filial female parent is transplanted into breeding field, labor management 2 years and artificial supplementary pollination were gathered since the 2nd year
Seed；The place that the seed of collection is placed in into ventilation carries out after-ripening, drying, obtains live day lily seed.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1) present invention is obtained after explant by cultivating explant female parent, carries out tissue cultures, obtains what resistance was improved
Filial generation is maternal；Hybridize filial generation is maternal with wild day lily, obtain the maternal seed in first filial generation, son is then obtained by field planting
Two godmother this seed, are also passed through after hybridization, the maternal seed of second filial are obtained, so after experience hybridization twice, hence it is evident that improve
The adaptability and survival rate of seed, reduce requirement of the seed to liquid manure environment；Again by second filial seed after vernalization treatment, training
Educate and obtain second filial female parent, finally reserved seed for planting from second filial female parent, so not only increase seed production, also improve seed product
Matter.
2) after being broadcast under the day lily seed of seed selection of the present invention, germination percentage is up to 98.7%；The survival rate in transplanting
More than 92.5%, and in 3 years plant experimentally, the incidence of disease is less than 2.4%, has aobvious compared to existing day lily seed indices
Write and improve.
3) seedling early growth that the seed of seed selection of the present invention is cultivated is healthy and strong, to crop field strong adaptability, the speed of growth after transplanting
Comparatively fast, flower just can be produced then, and bud is full very large, and color is vivid light yellow, and eating mouth feel is good.
4) after the seedling that the seed of seed selection of the present invention is cultivated grows up to, cold-proof freezing tolerance is strong, and appropriate training is only needed when surviving the winter
Soil, is adapted to north field production, saves planting cost.
5) the problems such as flower yield of the invention for solving prior seed nursery presence is low, resistance against diseases is weak, and compared to tissue culture
Method seed yield is high, can a seed selection harvest for many years.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described further with reference to specific embodiment, in order to same domain technical staff
Understanding.
Embodiment 1
A kind of breeding method of day lily seed, after section means optimization female parent, hybridization is planted with wild day lily set,
Obtain sub godmother's sheet；Then first filial generation female parent is subjected to tissue cultures, and hybridization is planted with wild day lily set, obtain son two
Godmother's sheet；Finally by second filial female parent carry out vernalization cultivation, obtain can be live day lily seed, comprise the following steps that：
1) explant female parent is cultivated
1. the maternal seed of explant is harvested：High-quality, high yield, precocity, the kind of Resistant are selected, is bred through plant division in 3~5 years
Afterwards, the maternal seed of harvest explant；
2. screening explant is maternal：The maternal seed of explant is subjected to artificial cultivation, after managing with delicacy 3 years, reached suitable
Explant seedling is harvested, healthy and strong day lily plant is selected, the black base of a fruit of shortening stem lower floor is got rid of, the spinning expanded on fleshy root is cut off
Duo roots, cut short to 5~7mm, remove butt rot, remove residual leaf, obtain the maternal seedling of explant；
3. by the transplantation of seedlings of explant kind in relatively independent big Tanaka, pollen class crop is around avoided, in the case where managing with delicacy,
Growth 3~5 years, the day lily for obtaining being adapted to collection explant is maternal；
2) explant is bred
1. explant and disinfected from interception on step day lily female parent 3.；
2. the explant after sterilization is inoculated on bud inducement cultivation base, feeding culturing room carries out bud inducement cultivation；
3. the explant after differentiation is transferred on subculture medium and carries out squamous subculture, obtain breaking up seedling；
4. differentiation seedling is inoculated on root media and carries out culture of rootage；
5. hardening, removal culturing room are transplanted, and obtain filial generation maternal；
3) maternal covered with wild day lily of filial generation is planted
1 is pressed with wild day lily by raw filial generation in 2 years is maternal:1 ratio set is planted in big Tanaka, by the side for putting honeybee in a suitable place to breed
After method supple-mentary pollination 2 years, seed was gathered since the 3rd year, continuous acquisition 3 years obtains first filial generation seed；
4) first filial generation is cultivated maternal
First filial generation seed is broadcast under autumn, routinely management technical means, which are cultivated, obtains first filial generation female parent；
5) maternal covered with wild day lily in first filial generation is planted
By step 4) obtained 2 years raw first filial generations it is maternal with wild day lily by 1:1 ratio set is planted in big Tanaka, is passed through
The method supple-mentary pollination of honeybee is put in a suitable place to breed after 2 years, seed was gathered since the 3rd year, continuous acquisition 3 years obtains second filial maternal
Seed；
6) seed vernalization and cultivation second filial are maternal
By step 5) the maternal seed of obtained second filial carries out winter low temperature storage, and reserve temperature is -5~8 DEG C, treats spring
Temperature is gradually gone up to after at the beginning of 3 months to be taken out from storaing kiln；Conventionally broadcast down, through the rational application of fertilizer, artificial supplementary pollination, winter
After season antifreeze management, it is maternal that cultivation obtains second filial；
7) collect seed
Second filial female parent is transplanted into breeding field, labor management 2 years and artificial supplementary pollination were gathered since the 2nd year
Seed；The place that the seed of collection is placed in into ventilation carries out after-ripening, drying, obtains live day lily seed.
For the quality of the seed of verifying the inventive method seed selection, it is explained below by experiment.
As a comparison, prior seed is also used for plantation.
1st, nursery
1) select and handle seedling：Select respectively on the sunny side and nursery is made in greenhouse, respectively apply the organic fertilizer for sieving of becoming thoroughly decomposed
2200~2500kg/ mus；Each seedling is divided into two pieces of equalization, 4 identical nursery gardens are built together into, then with fertile vegetable garden
Soil filling nursery garden, builds up seedbed, and carry out soil disinfection to seedbed；
2) seed is selected：Commercially available seed and each 200g of seed of the present invention are selected, and is divided equally, the commercially available seed
It is high-quality, high yield, precocity, the kind of Resistant, it is identical to cultivate seed used with explant female parent；
3) seed treatment：By step 2) seed with 25 DEG C of water seed soaking 48 hours；
4) sow：Vola water is poured after seedbed is flattened, after water oozes, by line-spacing 15cm, spacing in the rows 3cm trench digging dibblings, after broadcasting
Earthing 2cm, emerges, the phase will enhance field management for 1 week or so, keeps ground moistening.Note preventing disease pest control, to intertill more and spray one
A little foliar fertilizers, promote seedling development, are transplanting breeding seedlings, the strong sprout in the coming year；
Experiment prove, it is lower sowing number identical in the case of, after being broadcast under seed of the present invention, its emergence rate up to 98.7%, and
Commercially available seeding ratio is only 83.4%, compared to raising 15.3%.
2nd, transplant
After beginning of spring next year, after soil thaws completely, transplant planting is carried out；Hinder root system, every 3~5 during lifting less as far as possible
Seedling is cluster, is somewhat loosely planted in cave.
Check that seedling survives situation after one week, it is 92.5% to find seed institute of the present invention breeding shoot survival percent；And contrast and plant
Sub- institute's breeding shoot survival percent is 77.6%, compared to raising 14.%.
3rd, production flower
Transplanting Second Year summer just can pick flowers, and on the identical plant of contrast test, seed plant flower yield of the present invention is bright
It is aobvious to be higher than commercially available seed plant, and within 3 year observing time backward, the seed plant incidence of disease of the present invention is less than 3%, and city
It is 6.4% or so to sell the seed plant incidence of disease.
By above-mentioned experiment, bud rate is broadcast under the seed by the inventive method seed selection and survival rate is high, flower yield
It is also obviously improved, disease resistance declines obvious.
It should be noted that, although seed choosing method elapsed-time standards of the present invention is longer, but due to can a breeding apply for many years,
Thus also there is significant economic benefit, moreover, present invention seed selection can be carried out on a large scale, have compared to tissue cultivating and seedling obvious
Advantage.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of breeding method of day lily seed, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps that：
1) explant female parent is cultivated
1. the maternal seed of explant is harvested：High-quality, high yield, precocity, the kind of Resistant are selected, after being bred through plant division in 3 years, harvest
Explant female parent seed；
2. screening explant is maternal：The maternal seed of explant is subjected to artificial cultivation, after managing with delicacy 3 years, suitable harvesting is reached
Explant seedling, selects healthy and strong day lily plant, and the black base of a fruit of shortening stem lower floor is got rid of, and cuts off the spinning Duo expanded on fleshy root
Root, cuts short to 5~7mm, removes butt rot, remove residual leaf, obtains the maternal seedling of explant；
3. by the transplantation of seedlings of explant kind in relatively independent big Tanaka, pollen class crop is around avoided, in the case where managing with delicacy, growth
3~5 years, the day lily for obtaining being adapted to collection explant was maternal；
2) explant is bred
1. explant and disinfected from interception on step day lily female parent 3.；
2. the explant after sterilization is inoculated on bud inducement cultivation base, feeding culturing room carries out bud inducement cultivation；
3. the explant after differentiation is transferred on subculture medium and carries out squamous subculture, obtain breaking up seedling；
4. differentiation seedling is inoculated on root media and carries out culture of rootage；
5. hardening, removal culturing room are transplanted, and obtain filial generation maternal；
3) maternal covered with wild day lily of filial generation is planted
1 is pressed with wild day lily by raw filial generation in 2 years is maternal:1 ratio set is planted in big Tanaka, auxiliary by the method for putting honeybee in a suitable place to breed
After helping pollination 2 years, seed was gathered since the 3rd year, continuous acquisition 3 years obtains first filial generation seed；
4) first filial generation is cultivated maternal
First filial generation seed is broadcast under autumn, routinely management technical means, which are cultivated, obtains first filial generation female parent；
5) maternal covered with wild day lily in first filial generation is planted
By step 4) obtained 2 years raw first filial generations it is maternal with wild day lily by 1:1 ratio set is planted in big Tanaka, by putting in a suitable place to breed
The method supple-mentary pollination of honeybee gathered seed after 2 years since the 3rd year, and continuous acquisition 3 years obtains the maternal seed of second filial；
6) seed vernalization and cultivation second filial are maternal
By step 5) the maternal seed of obtained second filial carries out winter low temperature storage, and reserve temperature is -5~8 DEG C, treats spring temperature
Gradually go up to after at the beginning of 3 months and taken out from storaing kiln；Conventionally broadcast down, prevent through the rational application of fertilizer, artificial supplementary pollination, winter
After frozen pipe reason, it is maternal that cultivation obtains second filial；
7) collect seed
Second filial female parent is transplanted into breeding field, labor management 2 years and artificial supplementary pollination gathered seed since the 2nd year；
The place that the seed of collection is placed in into ventilation carries out after-ripening, drying, obtains live day lily seed.
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| CN108887178A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-27 | 德阳市明润农业开发有限公司 | A kind of day lily tissue cultivating and seedling method |
| CN112056199A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-11 | 浙江省萧山棉麻研究所 | Seedling storage and breeding method for hemerocallis fulva |
| CN113396784A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-09-17 | 中国农业大学 | Cutting seedling method for improving propagation coefficient of day lily based on bud segmentation |
| CN114586633A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-06-07 | 祁东县金萱生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of hemerocallis fulva seedlings |
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Effective date of registration: 20201119 Address after: No. 40, Suzhou Road, Yushan high tech Industrial Park, Changshu, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215500 Patentee after: Changshu on the Road Business Incubator Co., Ltd Address before: 745600 Gansu province ishuachixian South Street No. 3, Qingyang City Huachi seed management station Patentee before: Liu Cuiping |