CN112154882A - Green potato planting method suitable for secondary utilization of northern rice seedling raising shed - Google Patents
Green potato planting method suitable for secondary utilization of northern rice seedling raising shed Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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Abstract
The invention discloses a green potato planting method suitable for reutilization in a northern rice seedling raising shed, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting. The invention solves the problems of the prior northern rice seedling raising shed that the shed is idle after raising seedlings in the greenhouse and the annual utilization rate of the land is low. The invention provides a green potato planting method suitable for secondary utilization of a northern rice seedling raising shed, which is suitable for a seedling raising shed for rice in a dry-cultivation and thin-planting mode, in particular to a no-tillage straw-covering film-non-removing potato planting mode. The biological source seed coating agent can adjust the growth environment of the root system of the potato, promote the growth of the underground part of the potato, inhibit the growth of the overground part of the potato, prevent the overground part of the potato from overgrowing under the high temperature condition, and simultaneously has the problem of inhibiting soil-borne diseases, thereby increasing the yield of the potato under the high temperature condition. Is suitable for planting potatoes in high-temperature areas, in particular to planting potatoes in greenhouses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a green potato planting method suitable for reutilization in a northern rice seedling raising shed, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting.
Background
The potato belongs to perennial herbaceous plants of the solanaceae, tubers of the potato can be eaten, and the potato is the fourth most important grain crop in the world, and is second to wheat, rice and corn. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the potatoes have the effects of being neutral in nature, sweet in taste and non-toxic, and being capable of strengthening the spleen and stomach, tonifying qi and regulating middle warmer, relieving spasm and pain and relaxing bowels. Has obvious effect on patients with weakness of the spleen and the stomach, dyspepsia, incoordination between the stomach and the intestine and unsmooth defecation. Modern research proves that: the potato has special effect on the regulation of dyspepsia, is a good medicine and a high-quality health product for patients with gastropathy and heart diseases, and is rich in nutrition and one of anti-aging substances. Meanwhile, the potato contains a large amount of starch, so that sufficient energy can be provided for the human body.
The potatoes are fond of cold climate, are afraid of frost and high temperature, and have strict requirements on temperature. In different growth periods, different parts of the potatoes have different requirements on temperature, and moisture and nutrition required by the growth of sprouts are supplied by the seed potatoes. When the ground temperature of 10 cm is stabilized at 7-8 ℃, the sprouts of the seed potatoes can slowly germinate and elongate in the soil. When the temperature rises to 10-12 ℃, the sprouts grow robustly and smoothly and grow quickly. The optimal temperature for the growth of the potato buds is 13-18 ℃. When the temperature is lower than 4 ℃ or higher than 36 ℃, the seed potatoes do not sprout, and are rotten. During this period, attention should be paid to the occurrence of dream potatoes. The potato seedlings are not low-temperature resistant and can be frozen at-1 ℃ in a short time and can be frozen at-4 ℃. The seedling stage and the rooting stage are stages in which stems and leaves grow and photosynthesis is performed to produce nutrients. In this case, a suitable temperature range is 16 to 20 ℃. The optimum temperature for stem growth is 18 ℃, and the optimum temperature for leaf growth is 12-14 ℃. In the flowering period, the optimum temperature for potato flowering is 15-17 ℃, and the potato does not bloom when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃ or higher than 38 ℃. The long day and high temperature of 16-18 hours are beneficial to flower bud differentiation and promote flowering and fruiting. During the tuber expansion period, temperature has a great influence on tuber formation and dry matter accumulation, so the temperature requirements of potatoes in the period are more strict. The formation and growth of tubers are most facilitated by the ground temperature of 16-18 ℃ and the air temperature of 18-21 ℃. If the daily average temperature exceeds 21 ℃, the potato block forming process is slowed down. The average daily temperature is over 24 deg.C, and the growth of tuber is severely inhibited. The average daily temperature reaches 29 ℃, the ground temperature exceeds 25 ℃, and the tubers basically stop growing.
The rice seedling raising shed is an important guarantee for rice seedling raising in a protected land in early spring of rice in the north, and with the application of a film protection technology in rice seedling raising, various film protected land seedling raising modes such as a shed and a greenhouse are formed in production. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for the secondary utilization of the northern rice seedling raising shed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a green potato planting method suitable for secondary utilization of a northern rice seedling raising shed, aiming at the problems of greenhouse idle time process after seedling raising of the greenhouse, low annual utilization rate of land and the like of the northern rice seedling raising shed.
A green potato planting method suitable for secondary utilization of a northern rice seedling raising shed comprises the following steps:
step one, removing weeds and sundries in a rice seedling raising shed after the rice seedling raising shed is moved out of rice seedlings in the middle ten days of 5 months to the middle ten days of 6 months;
step two, after the seed dressing treatment of the potato seeds, the cultivation is carried out in a rice seedling raising shed according to the proportion of each 667m2Designing the row spacing of the protected seedling with the plant number of 3500-7500, and performing swing planting;
step three, applying fertilizers in a row: the fertilizer strips are applied among the rows of the potatoes and are more than 6cm away from the seed potatoes;
covering the seed potatoes with straws, scattering and uniformly spreading the straws with the covering thickness of 15cm-25cm, then watering thoroughly, and hanging a shading net in the greenhouse, wherein the distance between the shading net and the surface of the straws is more than 20 cm;
step five, after the potato seedlings grow out of the seed potatoes, removing the sunshade net;
and step six, performing daily management until the potatoes grow to be mature.
Further, seed dressing treatment is carried out on the potato seeds in the second step by using a biological source seed coating agent, wherein the biological source seed coating agent comprises bacillus megatherium powder NEAUBM007, bacillus subtilis powder NEAUBS003 and plant ash.
Furthermore, the content of the bacillus megaterium and the content of the bacillus subtilis in 1g of the biological seed coating agent are respectively 1-2 hundred million.
Further, the mass ratio of the bacillus megaterium powder NEAUBM007 to the bacillus subtilis powder NEAUBS003 to the plant ash is 2:1: 100.
Further, the potato seed is Wuruita, Youging or Najiu No. 5, and the grade is original one or original two.
Further, the potato seed is whole potato weighing 25g-75 g.
Furthermore, in the third step, the fertilizer is a mixed fertilizer with the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 1:0.5 (2-2.5), and potassium sulfate is used as a potassium source.
Furthermore, the fertilizer dosage is (40-50) kg/667m2。
Further, in the sixth step, daily management is carried out, and after the potato seedlings bloom, the soil humidity is kept at 70%; and at the initial stage of insect pest occurrence, spraying and controlling with 700 times of 500-times liquid of 0.3% high-permeability matrine aqueous solution per mu.
Furthermore, the rice seedling raising shed does not uncover the film in the whole potato growth process, and the average growth temperature is 30-35 ℃ and the maximum growth temperature is 52 ℃ in 7-8 months.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the in-growth performance of the potato sheds of example 1.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a green potato planting method suitable for secondary utilization of a northern rice seedling raising shed, which is suitable for a seedling raising shed for rice in a dry-cultivation and thin-planting mode, in particular to a no-tillage straw-covering film-non-removing potato planting mode. Has the following advantages:
(1) after the rice is transplanted in the rice seedling raising shed, the rice is directly planted on the ground of the seedling raising shed, the ground is not turned over or rotated, the original seedling raising bed surface is not damaged, and manpower and material resources required for restoring the flatness of the bed surface in the next year of rice seedling raising are reduced; meanwhile, because no tillage is needed, the potato blocks produced all grow in the straw above the ground, have better appearance and quality, and are beneficial to multiple times of harvesting.
(2) In the whole process of potato production, the seedling raising shed does not remove the top film. Generally, potatoes are cool crops, a seedling raising shed does not have a top film, the daily average temperature in the shed is about 35 ℃ in most areas of Heilongjiang in 7-8 months, the highest temperature can reach 55 ℃, and the environment is not suitable for the growth of the potatoes. The anti-aging greenhouse film is used in the prior production, is afraid of use and damage caused by repeatedly covering and removing the film, and has more damage by using a clamp spring. The seedling raising shed does not remove the top film, reduces the labor cost for repeatedly covering and removing the film, and does not reduce the service life of the shed film. Meanwhile, due to the existence of the greenhouse film, the moisture in the seedling raising greenhouse is controllable, external rainwater cannot fall into the greenhouse, the pest and disease damage of the potatoes is light, the usage amount of pesticides is reduced by more than 80%, and the production of green food-grade potatoes is facilitated.
(3) The seed coating agent of biological source contains bacillus megaterium and bacillus subtilis which are Cytokinin (CTK) producing bacteria, can synthesize cytokinin in soil, can increase the content of cytokinin in potato plants, change the balance between related phytohormone content and phytohormone, and has the effect of inhibiting the elongation and growth of overground stems of potatoes. Is suitable for planting potatoes in high-temperature areas, in particular to planting potatoes in greenhouses.
(4) The sowing mode of the invention is that the small potatoes are sowed in a whole way, and the specification of the small potatoes is between 25g and 75 g. The small potatoes are less than 25g, the nutrients of the potato blocks are insufficient, and the potatoes can not grow vigorously in the early stage; more than 75g, large potato blocks and primary bud roots which are not easy to contact the ground, and influence the growth and emergence rate. The small potatoes are sown integrally, the emergence rate is high, and mechanical sowing is facilitated; meanwhile, the whole sowing of the small potatoes can effectively avoid the disease spread of the cutter in the cutting process of the seed potatoes, such as ring rot.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and apparatus used, unless otherwise specified, are conventional in the art and are commercially available to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
in 2020, the general agricultural reclamation Bureau of Heilongjiang province builds a three-river management bureau to move forward to a farm three-link technology park, rice seedling raising sheds after transplanting rice are used as greenhouse sheds for planting potatoes, the potato variety is Yougu, the grade is original two, the number of test sheds is 2, and the planting area is 720m2. The specific process is as follows:
(1) and (5) cleaning the greenhouse. After transplanting rice in the rice seedling raising shed, impurities such as residual rice seedlings, seedling raising plates and the like in the seedling raising shed are removed.
(2) And (5) cultivating the potatoes. 5 months and 18 days, according to 667m2The number of the seedlings to be protected is 4168, the row spacing of the seedlings is 40cm multiplied by 40cm, and the seedlings are subjected to swing planting. Trapping seeds and accelerating germination according to a conventional method before placing the seed potatoes for planting. Before sowing, seed dressing treatment is carried out on potato seeds by using a biological source seed coating agent prepared by mixing bacillus megaterium powder NEAUBM007, bacillus subtilis powder NEAUBS003 and plant ash according to the mass ratio of 2:1: 100. Wherein 4kg of the biogenic seed coating is used per 50kg of potato slices.
(3) Applying fertilizer in strips. The fertilizer strips are applied among the rows of the potatoes and are more than 6cm away from the seed potatoes, so that the seedlings are prevented from being burnt. The fertilizer can be special fertilizer for potato or mixed fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 2:1:5, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate. The usage amount of the fertilizer is 40kg/667m2。
(4) Covering with rice straw. The straw is scattered and spread evenly, and the covering thickness is 20 cm.
(5) And (5) watering. After covering the straws, watering the straws once to permeate water. The watering amount is flexibly controlled according to the water permeability of the greenhouse soil, and the condition that the straws are thoroughly wetted and the ground is free of clear water is required to be achieved.
(6) And (4) hanging a sunshade net. Before the potatoes emerge, a sunshade net is hung in the shed and is 40cm away from the surface of the straws, so that the potatoes are prevented from being scalded due to too high temperature on the surface of the straws.
(7) And (5) removing the sunshade net. After the potatoes are all grown, the sunshade net can be removed.
(8) And (5) daily management. Water management, the potatoes need to be watered for about 4-5 times during the growth period, and particularly, the soil humidity needs to be kept about 70% after the potatoes bloom. Managing pests and diseases, covering a film on a greenhouse, having less potato pests, and if pests such as potato ladybug, aphid, red spider and the like appear, spraying 700 times of 0.3% hypertonic matrine water agent for each mu for prevention and treatment at the initial stage of pest occurrence. Until the potatoes grow to be mature, the yield per mu is 2500 kg.
Example 2:
in 2020, the rice seedling raising shed base of small, good, river town of the runhuan county of the Heilongjiang province is used as a greenhouse shed for planting potatoes, and potato varieties are planted: yujin, grade: original two, 5 greenhouses, the planting area is 1800m2. The specific process is as follows:
(1) and (5) cleaning the greenhouse. After transplanting rice in the rice seedling raising shed, impurities such as residual rice seedlings, seedling raising plates and the like in the seedling raising shed are removed.
(2) And (5) cultivating the potatoes. 6 months and 20 days, according to 667m2The number of the protected seedlings 4447 and the row spacing of the plants are 30cm multiplied by 50cm, and the seedlings are subjected to swing planting. Trapping seeds and accelerating germination according to a conventional method before placing the seed potatoes for planting. Before sowing, seed dressing treatment is carried out on potato seeds by using a biological source seed coating agent prepared by mixing bacillus megaterium powder NEAUBM007, bacillus subtilis powder NEAUBS003 and plant ash according to the mass ratio of 2:1: 100. Wherein 2kg of the biogenic seed coating is used per 50kg of potato slices.
(3) Applying fertilizer in strips. The fertilizer strips are applied among the rows of the potatoes and are more than 6cm away from the seed potatoes, so that the seedlings are prevented from being burnt. The fertilizer can be special fertilizer for potato or mixed fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 2:1:5, and potassium fertilizer needs potassium sulfate. The usage amount of the fertilizer is 50kg/667m2。
(4) Covering with rice straw. The straws need to be scattered and spread evenly, and the covering thickness is 25 cm.
(5) And (5) watering. After covering with rice straw, watering once to permeate water. The watering amount is flexibly controlled according to the water permeability of the greenhouse soil, and the condition that the straws are thoroughly wetted and the ground is free of clear water is required to be achieved.
(6) And (4) hanging a sunshade net. Before the potatoes emerge, a sunshade net is hung in the shed, the distance between the sunshade net and the surface of the straws is 30cm, and the potatoes are prevented from being scalded due to too high temperature on the surface of the straws.
(7) And (5) removing the sunshade net. After the potatoes are all grown, the sunshade net can be removed.
(8) And (5) daily management. Water management, the potatoes need to be watered for about 4-5 times during the growth period, and particularly, the soil humidity needs to be kept about 70% after the potatoes bloom. Managing pests and diseases, covering a film on a greenhouse, having less potato pests, and if pests such as potato ladybug, aphid, red spider and the like appear, spraying 700 times of 0.3% hypertonic matrine water agent for each mu for prevention and treatment at the initial stage of pest occurrence. Until the potatoes grow to be mature, the yield per mu is 4000 kg.
In conclusion, the potato planting method provided by the application is suitable for planting potatoes in a rice seedling raising shed in a secondary utilization mode.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A green potato planting method suitable for secondary utilization of a northern rice seedling raising shed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, removing weeds and sundries in a rice seedling raising shed after the rice seedling raising shed is moved out of rice seedlings in the middle ten days of 5 months to the middle ten days of 6 months;
step two, after the seed dressing treatment of the potato seeds, the cultivation is carried out in a rice seedling raising shed according to the proportion of each 667m2Designing the row spacing of the protected seedling with the plant number of 3500-7500, and performing swing planting;
step three, applying fertilizers in a row: the fertilizer strips are applied among the rows of the potatoes and are more than 6cm away from the seed potatoes;
covering the seed potatoes with straws, scattering and uniformly spreading the straws with the covering thickness of 15cm-25cm, then watering thoroughly, and hanging a shading net in the greenhouse, wherein the distance between the shading net and the surface of the straws is more than 20 cm;
step five, after the potato seedlings grow out of the seed potatoes, removing the sunshade net;
and step six, performing daily management until the potatoes grow to be mature.
2. The green potato planting method suitable for being reused in a northern rice seedling raising shed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, seed dressing treatment is carried out on potato seeds by using a biological source seed dressing agent, wherein the biological source seed dressing agent comprises bacillus megaterium powder NEAUBM007, bacillus subtilis powder NEAUBS003 and plant ash.
3. The green potato planting method suitable for being reused by a northern rice seedling raising shed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the content of bacillus megaterium and bacillus subtilis in 1g of the biological seed coating agent is 1-2 hundred million respectively.
4. The green potato planting method suitable for being reused by a northern rice seedling raising shed according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus megaterium powder NEAUBM007 to the bacillus subtilis powder NEAUBS003 to the plant ash is 2:1: 100.
5. The green potato planting method suitable for being reused by a northern rice seedling raising shed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed potato is a medium-early-maturing variety such as Wuruita, Yougui or Naja No. 5, and the grade of the seed potato is primary or secondary.
6. The green potato planting method suitable for being reused by the northern rice seedling raising shed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed potatoes are whole potatoes with a weight of 25g-75 g.
7. The green potato planting method suitable for being reused by a northern rice seedling raising shed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer in the third step is a mixed fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 1:0.5 (2-2.5), and potassium sulfate is used as a potassium source.
8. The green potato planting method suitable for being reused by a northern rice seedling raising shed as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein the usage amount of the chemical fertilizer is (40-50) kg/667m2。
9. The green potato planting method suitable for the secondary utilization of the northern rice seedling raising shed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the management is carried out daily, and after potato seedlings bloom, the soil humidity is kept at 70%; and at the initial stage of insect pest occurrence, spraying and controlling with 700 times of 500-times liquid of 0.3% high-permeability matrine aqueous solution per mu.
10. The green potato planting method suitable for being reused by a northern rice seedling raising shed according to claim 1, characterized in that the film of the rice seedling raising shed is not uncovered in the whole potato growth process, the average growth temperature is 30-35 ℃ in 7-8 months, and the maximum growth temperature is 52 ℃.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112715576A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-04-30 | 东北农业大学 | Seed coating agent for potatoes and preparation method thereof |
| BE1031424B1 (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-10-07 | Inst Of Soil And Fertilizer & Resources And Environment Jiangxi Academy Of Agricultural Sciences | CULTIVATION METHODS FOR POTATOES AND LATE RICE BY DIRECT SOWING AND SOWING |
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| CN103733857A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-23 | 董金锋 | High-yield potato cultivating method |
| KR20140094042A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2014-07-30 | (주)이그린글로벌 | Mass-production method for seed potatoes |
| CN107646587A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-02-02 | 舒城县文禾种植专业合作社 | A kind of method for improving industrial sprout cultivation greenhouse utilization ratio |
| CN108967100A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2018-12-11 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Potato-late rice double no-tillage throw-planting method |
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2020
- 2020-09-18 CN CN202010985857.9A patent/CN112154882A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20140094042A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2014-07-30 | (주)이그린글로벌 | Mass-production method for seed potatoes |
| CN103733857A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-23 | 董金锋 | High-yield potato cultivating method |
| CN107646587A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-02-02 | 舒城县文禾种植专业合作社 | A kind of method for improving industrial sprout cultivation greenhouse utilization ratio |
| CN108967100A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2018-12-11 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Potato-late rice double no-tillage throw-planting method |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112715576A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-04-30 | 东北农业大学 | Seed coating agent for potatoes and preparation method thereof |
| CN112715576B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-09-07 | 东北农业大学 | Seed coating agent for potatoes and preparation method thereof |
| BE1031424B1 (en) * | 2024-02-05 | 2024-10-07 | Inst Of Soil And Fertilizer & Resources And Environment Jiangxi Academy Of Agricultural Sciences | CULTIVATION METHODS FOR POTATOES AND LATE RICE BY DIRECT SOWING AND SOWING |
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