CN111616040A - Method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using plug trays - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating papaya seedlings by applying a plug tray, which comprises the following steps: selecting seeds, accelerating germination, preparing a matrix, sowing and managing seedling, wherein the seeds of high-yield and high-quality papaya with no diseases and insect pests and uniform melon shape and maturity are selected, the matrix is added into a cultivation disc for cultivation, and then orderly management and disease and insect prevention are carried out, and finally, the papaya seedlings without diseases are cultivated. The papaya seedlings cultivated by the method are vigorous and regular in growth and strong in disease resistance, and have important influence on the later growth and fruiting of papaya, so that the demand of people on papaya fruits is met to a greater extent, and the cultivation method is wide in application range.

Description

Method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using plug trays

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating papaya seedlings by applying a plug tray.

Background

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fruit tree widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, has the advantages of fast growth, early fruiting, high yield and good quality, and is the fourth best-selling fruit in the world. Papaya is used as a herbal fruit tree in tropical regions, is not only used as a vegetable for daily eating by people, but also is used as a food for poultry, and is regarded as one of food materials of major public concern. The papaya has strong adaptability to soil, preferably from acidity to neutrality, the substrate for cultivating papaya seedlings relates to the growth vigor of the papaya seedlings in the later period and the quality problem of fruiting, the fruits of the papaya seedlings with poor growth vigor in the later period can have more diseases, are mature slowly and have small fruits, and the like.

In recent years, the demand of people for papaya is getting larger and larger, the economic benefit of papaya planting is good, the planting area is gradually enlarged, and high-yield and high-quality papaya seedlings are extremely needed in production.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a method for cultivating papaya seedlings by applying a plug tray, the papaya seedlings cultivated by the method are vigorous and regular in growth, strong in disease resistance, capable of ensuring the original matrix and nutrient of roots to be maintained, and the technical problem that the papaya seedlings cultivated under the conventional conditions are poor in growth is solved.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using plug trays comprises the following steps:

(1) seed selection and germination acceleration

Selecting high-yield, high-quality, disease and insect pest-free, uniform and mature papaya in shape from middle and last ten days of 10 months to middle and last 11 months of each year, dissecting out fresh seeds, scrubbing to remove false membranes of the seeds, drying in the air, and selecting the seeds with full grains; soaking selected plump seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 48 hours in a bucket, wrapping the plump seeds with a wet towel, placing the wrapped plump seeds in a greenhouse shed for accelerating germination, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse shed to be 20-25 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 60-70%, and slowly exposing the seeds to white.

(2) Matrix formulation

The medium comprises peat, coconut coir and perlite, the volume ratio of the peat to the coconut coir to the perlite is 3-3.5: 3-3.5, and 3000g of controlled release fertilizer is mixed with each part of the medium according to every ten thousand seedlings.

(3) Seeding

Putting the seeds into a culture barrel after the seeds are exposed to white, soaking the seeds for 2 hours by using 1500 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 1500 times of carbendazim solution, sterilizing, taking out the seeds, and washing the seeds twice by using clear water; the hole tray is internally provided with a plurality of cultivating holes, the prepared substrate is uniformly distributed in each cultivating hole of the hole tray, the disinfected white exposed seeds are sown in each cultivating hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, so that the seeds are covered properly.

(4) Management of seedling growth

Placing the sowed plug tray in the greenhouse for seedling culture, spraying enough water after sowing, covering a film for cold protection and heat preservation, watering according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse, and germinating and unearthing the seeds after 10-20 days; wherein, from sowing to growing the cotyledon, the substrate in the culture hole is kept moist, and after the cotyledon grows out, the humidity of the substrate in the culture hole is controlled; spraying a liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% when the third true leaf of the seedling grows out, and spraying the liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% once when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃ after 20 days; when the 4 th true leaf grows out of the seedling, when the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 20 ℃, spraying 0.5 percent of N-P-K (20-20-20 percent of water-soluble compound fertilizer once in the afternoon, immediately spraying clear water once after spraying, cleaning the leaves, spraying once every 15-20 days in sunny days, and sprouting in 2-3 months in the next year; in addition, in the process of growing true leaves of the seedlings, targeted control is carried out according to the infection diseases suffered by the true leaves and the interference situation of external pests.

As a further optimization scheme of the technical scheme, in the (2) matrix preparation, the components of the controlled release fertilizer comprise nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chloride and magnesium oxide, and the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer is as follows: total phosphorus content: the total potassium content was 15:10: 12.

As a further optimization scheme of the technical scheme, in the seeding in the step (3), 50 breeding holes are arranged in the plug, 1-2 seeds are seeded in each breeding hole, and the specification of the plug is 9cm by 10cm or 10cm by 11 cm.

As a further optimization scheme of the technical scheme, in the step (4) of seedling culture management, the specific watering operation is as follows: watering in the morning and evening in arid weather; when the temperature is 20 ℃ in the daytime, the two ends of the greenhouse are opened for ventilation, so that the seedlings are prevented from being burnt; watering or covering a shading net when sunlight exists and the temperature exceeds 25 ℃; no watering is needed in rainy days.

As a further optimization scheme of the technical scheme, in the (4) seedling management, the specific targeted control comprises the following steps:

the first condition is as follows: when the true leaves of the papaya seedlings have stem rot, downy mildew blight or damping-off, 66.5 percent of famoxadone cymoxanil or propamocarb hydrochloride is sprayed on the true leaves;

case two: imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths and ants;

case three: egg mite clearing, abamectin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control the damage of the red spiders.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: in the process of cultivating the papaya seedlings, the method selects seeds and accelerates germination before sowing, so that the seeds after accelerating germination can normally grow after sowing, in order to cultivate the papaya seedlings with good growth vigor, peat, coconut coir and perlite are used as matrixes, the volume ratio of the peat, the coconut coir and the perlite is 3-3.5: 3-3.5, and 3000g of controlled release fertilizer is mixed in each square seedling.

Wherein, the peat is the most original state of the coal, and has the advantages of sterility, no toxicity, no pollution and good ventilation performance. The organic fertilizer has the advantages of light weight, water retention, fertilizer retention, contribution to microbial activity, biological performance enhancement and rich nutrition, is a culture medium, is a good soil conditioner, contains high organic matters, humic acid and nutrient components, and is an organic carrier of nutrients, mineral substances and trace elements required by plant growth. The humic acid is a plant growth hormone and a plant health product, helps the plants digest and absorb nutrition, and can improve the stress resistance of the plants, and the soil adaptability is strong, but the humic acid is preferably acidic to neutral. The culture medium is not comparable to other organic substances. In addition, because the peat contains a large amount of organic matters, is loose, has good air and water permeability, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, light weight and no disease spores and worm eggs, the peat is matched with perlite, vermiculite, river sand, coconut coir and the like for use.

The coconut coir is a product obtained after coconut crushing, has a good cultivation pore structure and a strong water retention capacity, has a complex and excellent physical and chemical absorption capacity and a strong buffer effect, is used as a culture medium after artificial fermentation, is acidic in natural state, has a pH value of 4.40-5.90, meets the requirement of papaya on acid soil, can reduce the defect of coconut health by matching the coconut coir with peat, and can fully optimize nutrients and consolidate culture soil.

The perlite is used as an essential component of the seedling raising soil to increase the air permeability and water absorption of the nutrient medium, can prevent soil hardening, can avoid plant lodging, can well control the fertilizer efficiency, and has the loose characteristic which is beneficial to diluting the fertilizer.

According to the characteristic relationship of the three components, the three components are combined to prepare the substrate, so that the strong papaya seedling can be cultivated, and the original substrate and nutrients of the root of the papaya seedling can be maintained in the later transplanting process.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using plug trays comprises the following steps:

(1) seed selection and germination acceleration

Selecting high-yield, high-quality, disease and insect pest-free, uniform and mature papaya in shape from middle and last ten days of 10 months to middle and last 11 months of each year, dissecting out fresh seeds, scrubbing to remove false membranes of the seeds, drying in the air, and selecting the seeds with full grains; soaking selected plump seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 48 hours in a bucket, wrapping the plump seeds with a wet towel, placing the wrapped plump seeds in a greenhouse shed for accelerating germination, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse shed to be 20-25 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 60-70%, and slowly exposing the seeds to white.

(2) Matrix formulation

The matrix comprises peat, coconut coir and perlite, the volume ratio of the peat to the coconut coir to the perlite is 3-3.5: 3-3.5, 3000g of controlled release fertilizer is applied to each substrate according to each ten thousand seedlings in a mixed mode, the controlled release fertilizer comprises nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chloride and magnesium oxide, and the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer is as follows: total phosphorus content: the total potassium content was 15:10: 12.

(3) Seeding

Putting the seeds into a culture barrel after the seeds are exposed to white, soaking the seeds for 2 hours by using 1500 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 1500 times of carbendazim solution, sterilizing, taking out the seeds, and washing the seeds twice by using clear water; the hole tray is internally provided with a plurality of cultivating holes, the prepared substrate is uniformly distributed in each cultivating hole of the hole tray, the disinfected white exposed seeds are sown in each cultivating hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, so that the seeds are covered properly. Wherein, be equipped with 50 cultivation holes in the cave dish, 1-2 seeds of sowing in each cultivation hole, the specification of cave dish adopts 9cm 10cm or 10cm 11cm, prefers the cave dish of 9cm 10cm specification and chooses two cave dishes for use in this embodiment, and 2 seeds of sowing in each cultivation hole.

(4) Management of seedling growth

Placing the sowed plug tray in the greenhouse for seedling cultivation, spraying enough water after sowing, covering with a film for cold protection and heat preservation, and watering according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse, particularly, watering in the morning and at night in arid weather; when the temperature is 20 ℃ in the daytime, the two ends of the greenhouse are opened for ventilation, so that the seedlings are prevented from being burnt; watering or covering a shading net when sunlight exists and the temperature exceeds 25 ℃; no watering is needed in rainy days. After 10-20 days, the seeds germinate and come out of the soil; wherein, from sowing to growing the cotyledon, the substrate in the culture hole is kept moist, and after the cotyledon grows out, the humidity of the substrate in the culture hole is controlled; spraying a liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% when the third true leaf of the seedling grows out, and spraying the liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% once when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃ after 20 days; when the 4 th true leaf grows out of the seedling, when the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 20 ℃, spraying 0.5 percent of N-P-K (20-20-20 percent of water-soluble compound fertilizer once in the afternoon, immediately spraying clear water once after spraying, cleaning the leaves, spraying once every 15-20 days in sunny days, and sprouting in 2-3 months in the next year; in addition, in the process of growing true leaves of the seedlings, targeted control is carried out according to the infection diseases suffered by the true leaves and the interference situation of external pests. Specifically, when the true leaves of the papaya seedlings have stem rot, downy mildew blight or damping-off, 66.5% of famoxadone cymoxanil or propamocarb hydrochloride is sprayed on the true leaves; imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths and ants; egg mite clearing, abamectin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control the damage of the red spiders.

Example 2

A method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using plug trays comprises the following steps:

(1) seed selection and germination acceleration

Selecting high-yield, high-quality, disease and insect pest-free, uniform and mature papaya in shape from middle and last ten days of 10 months to middle and last 11 months of each year, dissecting out fresh seeds, scrubbing to remove false membranes of the seeds, drying in the air, and selecting the seeds with full grains; soaking selected plump seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 48 hours in a bucket, wrapping the plump seeds with a wet towel, placing the wrapped plump seeds in a greenhouse shed for accelerating germination, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse shed to be 20-25 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 60-70%, and slowly exposing the seeds to white.

(2) Matrix formulation

The matrix comprises peat, coconut coir and perlite, the volume ratio of the peat to the coconut coir to the perlite is 5-5.5: 4-4.5: 1-1.5, 3000g of controlled release fertilizer is applied to each substrate according to each ten thousand seedlings in a mixed mode, the controlled release fertilizer comprises nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chloride and magnesium oxide, and the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer is as follows: total phosphorus content: the total potassium content was 15:10: 12.

(3) Seeding

Putting the seeds into a culture barrel after the seeds are exposed to white, soaking the seeds for 2 hours by using 1500 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 1500 times of carbendazim solution, sterilizing, taking out the seeds, and washing the seeds twice by using clear water; the hole tray is internally provided with a plurality of cultivating holes, the prepared substrate is uniformly distributed in each cultivating hole of the hole tray, the disinfected white exposed seeds are sown in each cultivating hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, so that the seeds are covered properly. Wherein, be equipped with 50 cultivation holes in the cave dish, 1-2 seeds of sowing in each cultivation hole, the specification of cave dish adopts 9cm 10cm or 10cm 11cm, prefers the cave dish of 9cm 10cm specification and chooses two cave dishes for use in this embodiment, and 2 seeds of sowing in each cultivation hole.

(4) Management of seedling growth

Placing the sowed plug tray in the greenhouse for seedling cultivation, spraying enough water after sowing, covering with a film for cold protection and heat preservation, and watering according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse, particularly, watering in the morning and at night in arid weather; when the temperature is 20 ℃ in the daytime, the two ends of the greenhouse are opened for ventilation, so that the seedlings are prevented from being burnt; watering or covering a shading net when sunlight exists and the temperature exceeds 25 ℃; no watering is needed in rainy days. After 10-20 days, the seeds germinate and come out of the soil; wherein, from sowing to growing the cotyledon, the substrate in the culture hole is kept moist, and after the cotyledon grows out, the humidity of the substrate in the culture hole is controlled; spraying a liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% when the third true leaf of the seedling grows out, and spraying the liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% once when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃ after 20 days; when the 4 th true leaf grows out of the seedling, when the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 20 ℃, spraying 0.5 percent of N-P-K (20-20-20 percent of water-soluble compound fertilizer once in the afternoon, immediately spraying clear water once after spraying, cleaning the leaves, spraying once every 15-20 days in sunny days, and sprouting in 2-3 months in the next year; in addition, in the process of growing true leaves of the seedlings, targeted control is carried out according to the infection diseases suffered by the true leaves and the interference situation of external pests. Specifically, when the true leaves of the papaya seedlings have stem rot, downy mildew blight or damping-off, 66.5% of famoxadone cymoxanil or propamocarb hydrochloride is sprayed on the true leaves; imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths and ants; egg mite clearing, abamectin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control the damage of the red spiders.

Example 3

A method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using plug trays comprises the following steps:

(1) seed selection and germination acceleration

Selecting high-yield, high-quality, disease and insect pest-free, uniform and mature papaya in shape from middle and last ten days of 10 months to middle and last 11 months of each year, dissecting out fresh seeds, scrubbing to remove false membranes of the seeds, drying in the air, and selecting the seeds with full grains; soaking selected plump seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 48 hours in a bucket, wrapping the plump seeds with a wet towel, placing the wrapped plump seeds in a greenhouse shed for accelerating germination, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse shed to be 20-25 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 60-70%, and slowly exposing the seeds to white.

(2) Matrix formulation

The matrix comprises turf and coconut coir in a volume ratio of 4-4.5: 6-6.5, 3000g of controlled release fertilizer is applied to each ten thousand seedlings in a mixed mode, the controlled release fertilizer comprises nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chloride and magnesium oxide, and the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer is as follows: total phosphorus content: the total potassium content was 15:10: 12.

(3) Seeding

Putting the seeds into a culture barrel after the seeds are exposed to white, soaking the seeds for 2 hours by using 1500 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 1500 times of carbendazim solution, sterilizing, taking out the seeds, and washing the seeds twice by using clear water; the hole tray is internally provided with a plurality of cultivating holes, the prepared substrate is uniformly distributed in each cultivating hole of the hole tray, the disinfected white exposed seeds are sown in each cultivating hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, so that the seeds are covered properly. Wherein, be equipped with 50 cultivation holes in the cave dish, 1-2 seeds of sowing in each cultivation hole, the specification of cave dish adopts 9cm 10cm or 10cm 11cm, prefers the cave dish of 9cm 10cm specification and chooses two cave dishes for use in this embodiment, and 2 seeds of sowing in each cultivation hole.

(4) Management of seedling growth

Placing the sowed plug tray in the greenhouse for seedling cultivation, spraying enough water after sowing, covering with a film for cold protection and heat preservation, and watering according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse, particularly, watering in the morning and at night in arid weather; when the temperature is 20 ℃ in the daytime, the two ends of the greenhouse are opened for ventilation, so that the seedlings are prevented from being burnt; watering or covering a shading net when sunlight exists and the temperature exceeds 25 ℃; no watering is needed in rainy days. After 10-20 days, the seeds germinate and come out of the soil; wherein, from sowing to growing the cotyledon, the substrate in the culture hole is kept moist, and after the cotyledon grows out, the humidity of the substrate in the culture hole is controlled; spraying a liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% when the third true leaf of the seedling grows out, and spraying the liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% once when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃ after 20 days; when the 4 th true leaf grows out of the seedling, when the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 20 ℃, spraying 0.5 percent of N-P-K (20-20-20 percent of water-soluble compound fertilizer once in the afternoon, immediately spraying clear water once after spraying, cleaning the leaves, spraying once every 15-20 days in sunny days, and sprouting in 2-3 months in the next year; in addition, in the process of growing true leaves of the seedlings, targeted control is carried out according to the infection diseases suffered by the true leaves and the interference situation of external pests. Specifically, when the true leaves of the papaya seedlings have stem rot, downy mildew blight or damping-off, 66.5% of famoxadone cymoxanil or propamocarb hydrochloride is sprayed on the true leaves; imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths and ants; egg mite clearing, abamectin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control the damage of the red spiders.

Example 4

A method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using plug trays comprises the following steps:

(1) seed selection and germination acceleration

Selecting high-yield, high-quality, disease and insect pest-free, uniform and mature papaya in shape from middle and last ten days of 10 months to middle and last 11 months of each year, dissecting out fresh seeds, scrubbing to remove false membranes of the seeds, drying in the air, and selecting the seeds with full grains; soaking selected plump seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 48 hours in a bucket, wrapping the plump seeds with a wet towel, placing the wrapped plump seeds in a greenhouse shed for accelerating germination, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse shed to be 20-25 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 60-70%, and slowly exposing the seeds to white.

(2) Matrix formulation

The matrix comprises turf and coconut coir, the volume ratio of the turf to the coconut coir is 5-5.5: 5-5.5, 3000g of controlled release fertilizer is applied to each ten thousand seedlings in a mixed mode, the controlled release fertilizer comprises nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chloride and magnesium oxide, and the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer is as follows: total phosphorus content: the total potassium content was 15:10: 12.

(3) Seeding

Putting the seeds into a culture barrel after the seeds are exposed to white, soaking the seeds for 2 hours by using 1500 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 1500 times of carbendazim solution, sterilizing, taking out the seeds, and washing the seeds twice by using clear water; the hole tray is internally provided with a plurality of cultivating holes, the prepared substrate is uniformly distributed in each cultivating hole of the hole tray, the disinfected white exposed seeds are sown in each cultivating hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, so that the seeds are covered properly. Wherein, be equipped with 50 cultivation holes in the cave dish, 1-2 seeds of sowing in each cultivation hole, the specification of cave dish adopts 9cm 10cm or 10cm 11cm, prefers the cave dish of 9cm 10cm specification and chooses two cave dishes for use in this embodiment, and 2 seeds of sowing in each cultivation hole.

(4) Management of seedling growth

Placing the sowed plug tray in the greenhouse for seedling cultivation, spraying enough water after sowing, covering with a film for cold protection and heat preservation, and watering according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse, particularly, watering in the morning and at night in arid weather; when the temperature is 20 ℃ in the daytime, the two ends of the greenhouse are opened for ventilation, so that the seedlings are prevented from being burnt; watering or covering a shading net when sunlight exists and the temperature exceeds 25 ℃; no watering is needed in rainy days. After 10-20 days, the seeds germinate and come out of the soil; wherein, from sowing to growing the cotyledon, the substrate in the culture hole is kept moist, and after the cotyledon grows out, the humidity of the substrate in the culture hole is controlled; spraying a liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% when the third true leaf of the seedling grows out, and spraying the liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% once when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃ after 20 days; when the 4 th true leaf grows out of the seedling, when the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 20 ℃, spraying 0.5 percent of N-P-K (20-20-20 percent of water-soluble compound fertilizer once in the afternoon, immediately spraying clear water once after spraying, cleaning the leaves, spraying once every 15-20 days in sunny days, and sprouting in 2-3 months in the next year; in addition, in the process of growing true leaves of the seedlings, targeted control is carried out according to the infection diseases suffered by the true leaves and the interference situation of external pests. Specifically, when the true leaves of the papaya seedlings have stem rot, downy mildew blight or damping-off, 66.5% of famoxadone cymoxanil or propamocarb hydrochloride is sprayed on the true leaves; imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths and ants; egg mite clearing, abamectin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control the damage of the red spiders.

Example 5

A method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using plug trays comprises the following steps:

(1) seed selection and germination acceleration

Selecting high-yield, high-quality, disease and insect pest-free, uniform and mature papaya in shape from middle and last ten days of 10 months to middle and last 11 months of each year, dissecting out fresh seeds, scrubbing to remove false membranes of the seeds, drying in the air, and selecting the seeds with full grains; soaking selected plump seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 48 hours in a bucket, wrapping the plump seeds with a wet towel, placing the wrapped plump seeds in a greenhouse shed for accelerating germination, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse shed to be 20-25 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 60-70%, and slowly exposing the seeds to white.

(2) Matrix formulation

The matrix comprises loose surface soil and coconut coir, the volume ratio of the loose surface soil to the coconut coir is 3:1, 3000g of controlled release fertilizer is applied to each ten thousand seedlings in a mixed mode, the controlled release fertilizer comprises nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chloride and magnesium oxide, and the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer is as follows: total phosphorus content: the total potassium content was 15:10: 12.

(3) Seeding

Putting the seeds into a culture barrel after the seeds are exposed to white, soaking the seeds for 2 hours by using 1500 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 1500 times of carbendazim solution, sterilizing, taking out the seeds, and washing the seeds twice by using clear water; the hole tray is internally provided with a plurality of cultivating holes, the prepared substrate is uniformly distributed in each cultivating hole of the hole tray, the disinfected white exposed seeds are sown in each cultivating hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, so that the seeds are covered properly. Wherein, be equipped with 50 cultivation holes in the cave dish, 1-2 seeds of sowing in each cultivation hole, the specification of cave dish adopts 9cm 10cm or 10cm 11cm, prefers the cave dish of 9cm 10cm specification and chooses two cave dishes for use in this embodiment, and 2 seeds of sowing in each cultivation hole.

(4) Management of seedling growth

Placing the sowed plug tray in the greenhouse for seedling cultivation, spraying enough water after sowing, covering with a film for cold protection and heat preservation, and watering according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse, particularly, watering in the morning and at night in arid weather; when the temperature is 20 ℃ in the daytime, the two ends of the greenhouse are opened for ventilation, so that the seedlings are prevented from being burnt; watering or covering a shading net when sunlight exists and the temperature exceeds 25 ℃; no watering is needed in rainy days. After 10-20 days, the seeds germinate and come out of the soil; wherein, from sowing to growing the cotyledon, the substrate in the culture hole is kept moist, and after the cotyledon grows out, the humidity of the substrate in the culture hole is controlled; spraying a liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% when the third true leaf of the seedling grows out, and spraying the liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% once when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃ after 20 days; when the 4 th true leaf grows out of the seedling, when the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 20 ℃, spraying 0.5 percent of N-P-K (20-20-20 percent of water-soluble compound fertilizer once in the afternoon, immediately spraying clear water once after spraying, cleaning the leaves, spraying once every 15-20 days in sunny days, and sprouting in 2-3 months in the next year; in addition, in the process of growing true leaves of the seedlings, targeted control is carried out according to the infection diseases suffered by the true leaves and the interference situation of external pests. Specifically, when the true leaves of the papaya seedlings have stem rot, downy mildew blight or damping-off, 66.5% of famoxadone cymoxanil or propamocarb hydrochloride is sprayed on the true leaves; imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths and ants; egg mite clearing, abamectin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control the damage of the red spiders.

Example 6

A method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using plug trays comprises the following steps:

(1) seed selection and germination acceleration

Selecting high-yield, high-quality, disease and insect pest-free, uniform and mature papaya in shape from middle and last ten days of 10 months to middle and last 11 months of each year, dissecting out fresh seeds, scrubbing to remove false membranes of the seeds, drying in the air, and selecting the seeds with full grains; soaking selected plump seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 48 hours in a bucket, wrapping the plump seeds with a wet towel, placing the wrapped plump seeds in a greenhouse shed for accelerating germination, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse shed to be 20-25 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 60-70%, and slowly exposing the seeds to white.

(2) Matrix formulation

The matrix comprises loose surface soil and peat with the volume ratio of 10:1, 3000g of controlled release fertilizer is mixed and applied to each ten thousand seedlings according to each part of the matrix, the components of the controlled release fertilizer comprise nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chloride and magnesium oxide, and the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer is as follows: total phosphorus content: the total potassium content was 15:10: 12.

(3) Seeding

Putting the seeds into a culture barrel after the seeds are exposed to white, soaking the seeds for 2 hours by using 1500 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 1500 times of carbendazim solution, sterilizing, taking out the seeds, and washing the seeds twice by using clear water; the hole tray is internally provided with a plurality of cultivating holes, the prepared substrate is uniformly distributed in each cultivating hole of the hole tray, the disinfected white exposed seeds are sown in each cultivating hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, so that the seeds are covered properly. Wherein, be equipped with 50 cultivation holes in the cave dish, 1-2 seeds of sowing in each cultivation hole, the specification of cave dish adopts 9cm 10cm or 10cm 11cm, prefers the cave dish of 9cm 10cm specification and chooses two cave dishes for use in this embodiment, and 2 seeds of sowing in each cultivation hole.

(4) Management of seedling growth

Placing the sowed plug tray in the greenhouse for seedling cultivation, spraying enough water after sowing, covering with a film for cold protection and heat preservation, and watering according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse, particularly, watering in the morning and at night in arid weather; when the temperature is 20 ℃ in the daytime, the two ends of the greenhouse are opened for ventilation, so that the seedlings are prevented from being burnt; watering or covering a shading net when sunlight exists and the temperature exceeds 25 ℃; no watering is needed in rainy days. After 10-20 days, the seeds germinate and come out of the soil; wherein, from sowing to growing the cotyledon, the substrate in the culture hole is kept moist, and after the cotyledon grows out, the humidity of the substrate in the culture hole is controlled; spraying a liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% when the third true leaf of the seedling grows out, and spraying the liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% once when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃ after 20 days; when the 4 th true leaf grows out of the seedling, when the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 20 ℃, spraying 0.5 percent of N-P-K (20-20-20 percent of water-soluble compound fertilizer once in the afternoon, immediately spraying clear water once after spraying, cleaning the leaves, spraying once every 15-20 days in sunny days, and sprouting in 2-3 months in the next year; in addition, in the process of growing true leaves of the seedlings, targeted control is carried out according to the infection diseases suffered by the true leaves and the interference situation of external pests. Specifically, when the true leaves of the papaya seedlings have stem rot, downy mildew blight or damping-off, 66.5% of famoxadone cymoxanil or propamocarb hydrochloride is sprayed on the true leaves; imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths and ants; egg mite clearing, abamectin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control the damage of the red spiders.

In the above embodiment, 6 groups are respectively tested, each group includes two plug trays with 100 breeding holes for seeding 200 seeds, the breeding holes of the plug trays are designed to be the conventional plant seedling breeding specification, the breeding steps and the substrate proportion in the breeding process are respectively tested according to the breeding steps and the substrate proportion in the embodiments 1 to 6, and the specific growth conditions of the papaya seedlings of the next 2 to 3 months of 6 test groups are counted as follows:

TABLE 1 statistics of growth vigor of papaya seedlings in the second year for 2-3 months, and standard table for classifying papaya seedlings

Among them, the first class seedling is the best in the index.

Table 2 shows the growth of 200 papaya seedlings in 100 cultivating holes in the second year

In conclusion, according to statistics of test results of 200 papaya seedlings cultivated in 100 cultivation holes, in the medium proportion, peat: coconut husk: the perlite has the best effect of 3-3.5: 3-3.5, wherein: the average plant height is 18 cm; the average thickness of the stems is 0.8cm, and the stems are strong; the number of the blades is 11-12, the blades are thick and light green, and the internodes are compact; 186 plants are arranged in the main root without exposing the matrix in the cultivating hole, and the index is first grade, so that the root matrix is not loose when the seedlings are taken out of the plug tray.

Claims (5)

1. A method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using a plug tray is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) seed selection and germination acceleration

Selecting high-yield, high-quality, disease and insect pest-free, uniform and mature papaya in shape from middle and last ten days of 10 months to middle and last 11 months of each year, dissecting out fresh seeds, scrubbing to remove false membranes of the seeds, drying in the air, and selecting the seeds with full grains; soaking selected plump seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 48 hours in a bucket, wrapping the plump seeds with a wet towel, and placing the wrapped plump seeds in a greenhouse shed for accelerating germination, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse shed is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 60-70%, and the seeds slowly turn white;

(2) matrix formulation

The medium comprises peat, coconut coir and perlite, the volume ratio of the peat to the coconut coir to the perlite is 3-3.5: 3-3.5, and 3000g of controlled release fertilizer is applied to each part of medium according to each ten thousand seedlings;

(3) seeding

Putting the seeds into a culture barrel after the seeds are exposed to white, soaking the seeds for 2 hours by using 1500 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 1500 times of carbendazim solution, sterilizing, taking out the seeds, and washing the seeds twice by using clear water; a plurality of cultivating holes are arranged in the hole tray, the prepared substrate is uniformly distributed into each cultivating hole of the hole tray, the disinfected white exposed seeds are sowed in each cultivating hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface of the white exposed seeds is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, so that the seeds are covered properly;

(4) management of seedling growth

Placing the sowed plug tray in the greenhouse for seedling culture, spraying enough water after sowing, covering a film for cold protection and heat preservation, watering according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse, and germinating and unearthing the seeds after 10-20 days; wherein, from sowing to growing the cotyledon, the substrate in the culture hole is kept moist, and after the cotyledon grows out, the humidity of the substrate in the culture hole is controlled; spraying a liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% when the third true leaf of the seedling grows out, and spraying the liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid with the concentration of 30% once when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃ after 20 days; when the 4 th true leaf grows out of the seedling, when the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 20 ℃, spraying 0.5% N-P-K = 20-20-20 water-soluble compound fertilizer once in the afternoon, immediately spraying clear water once after spraying to clean the leaves, spraying the clean water once every 15-20 days in sunny days, and sprouting in 2-3 months in the next year; in addition, in the process of growing true leaves of the seedlings, targeted control is carried out according to the infection diseases suffered by the true leaves and the interference situation of external pests.

2. The method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using the plug tray as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the (2) matrix preparation, the components of the controlled release fertilizer comprise nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chloride and magnesium oxide, and the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer is as follows: total phosphorus content: the total potassium content was 15:10: 12.

3. The method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using the plug tray as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the sowing step (3), 50 cultivating holes are arranged in the plug tray, 1-2 seeds are sown in each cultivating hole, and the specification of the plug tray is 9cm by 10cm or 10cm by 11 cm.

4. The method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using the plug tray as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in (4) management of seedling, the concrete watering operations are as follows: watering in the morning and evening in arid weather; when the temperature is 20 ℃ in the daytime, the two ends of the greenhouse are opened for ventilation, so that the seedlings are prevented from being burnt; watering or covering a shading net when sunlight exists and the temperature exceeds 25 ℃; no watering is needed in rainy days.

5. The method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using the plug tray as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in (4) management of seedling raising, specific targeted control includes:

the first condition is as follows: when the true leaves of the papaya seedlings have stem rot, downy mildew blight or damping-off, 66.5 percent of famoxadone cymoxanil or propamocarb hydrochloride is sprayed on the true leaves;

case two: imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths and ants;

case three: egg mite clearing, abamectin and the like are placed in the hole tray to prevent and control the damage of the red spiders.