CN111616040A - A method for cultivating papaya seedlings using plug trays - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using a plug tray, comprising the following steps: seed selection and germination, matrix preparation, sowing, and seedling management, wherein high yield and high quality, no pests and diseases, and a well-proportioned melon shape are selected. , The seeds of mature papaya are cultivated by adding substrates in the cultivation tray, followed by orderly management and pest control, and finally disease-free papaya seedlings are cultivated. The papaya seedlings cultivated by this method are vigorous, tidy, and have strong disease resistance, which has a very important impact on the later growth and results of papaya, thereby satisfying people's needs for papaya fruit to a greater extent. Therefore, The cultivation method has a wide range of applications.

Description

A method for cultivating papaya seedlings using plug trays

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using a plug tray.

Background technique

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fruit tree widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. It has the advantages of fast growth, early fruiting, high yield and good quality. It is the fourth best-selling fruit in the world. As an herbal fruit tree in tropical regions, papaya is not only a vegetable for people's daily consumption, but also a food for poultry. Papaya has become one of the ingredients that the public focuses on. Papaya has strong adaptability to soil, but it is suitable to be acidic to neutral. The substrate for cultivating papaya seedlings involves the growth of papaya seedlings in the later stage and the quality of the results. The fruit of papaya seedlings with poor growth will appear in the later stage. There are many diseases, slow ripening and small fruit. To solve such problems, we need to pay attention to the cultivation of papaya seedlings, give it a good growth environment and suitable nutrients in the early stage, and maintain papaya in transplanting. The original substrate and nutrients at the roots of the seedlings can cultivate robust plants.

In recent years, people's demand for papaya is increasing. The economic benefits of planting papaya are good, and the planting area is gradually expanding. High-yield and high-quality papaya seedlings are extremely needed in production.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, and provides a method for cultivating papaya seedlings by using plug trays. Maintaining, solving the technical problem of poor growth of papaya seedlings cultivated under conventional conditions.

The technical scheme of the present invention is: a method for cultivating papaya seedlings using a plug tray, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed selection and germination

Every year from mid-to-late October to mid-November, choose papayas with high yield and high quality, no pests and diseases, well-proportioned and ripe papayas, cut out fresh seeds, scrub to remove pseudomembrane of seeds, dry them, and select seeds with full grains; put them in a bucket. After soaking the selected plump seeds in 40°C warm water for 48 hours, wrap them with a wet towel and place them in a greenhouse for germination. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-25°C, and the humidity is 60%-70%, and the seeds are slowly exposed to white.

(2) Matrix preparation

The substrate includes peat, coconut bran and perlite, and the volume ratio is 3-3.5:3-3.5:3-3.5, and each substrate is mixed with 3000g of controlled-release fertilizer per 10,000 seedlings.

(3) Sowing

After the seeds are whitened, put them into the culture bucket, soak them with 1500 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl WP or 1500 times of carbendazim for 2 hours, sterilize them, and rinse them twice with clean water after picking them up; There are several cultivation holes, the prepared matrix is evenly distributed into each cultivation hole of the plug tray, the sterilized dew white seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, It is advisable to just cover the seeds.

(4) Seedling management

The plug tray after sowing is placed in the greenhouse to raise seedlings, after sowing, sprinkle enough water, cover with a film to prevent cold and keep warm, and water according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse, and the seeds germinate after 10 to 20 days. During the period from sowing to the cotyledon, keep the substrate in the cultivation hole moist, and after the cotyledon grows, control the humidity of the substrate in the cultivation hole; when the seedling grows the third true leaf, spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid, after 20d , when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times again; when the seedlings grow the 4th true leaf, when the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 20 ℃, use 0.5% N-P-K = 20-20- 20 Water-soluble compound fertilizer should be sprayed once, sprayed with water immediately after spraying to clean the leaves, sprayed once every 15-20d on sunny days, and the seedlings will emerge from February to March of the next year; In the middle, targeted control is carried out according to the infection of true leaves and the interference of external pests.

As a further optimization scheme of this technical solution, in (2) matrix preparation, the components of the controlled-release fertilizer include nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chloride, and magnesium oxide. The total nitrogen content: total phosphorus content: total potassium content is 15:10:12.

As a further optimization scheme of this technical solution, in (3) sowing, the plug tray is provided with 50 cultivation holes, 1-2 seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, and the size of the plug tray is 9cm*10cm or 10cm* 11cm.

As a further optimization scheme of this technical solution, in (4) seedling raising management, the specific watering operations are: in dry weather, watering is required in the morning and evening; when the temperature is 20°C during the day, the greenhouse is opened at both ends to carry out watering. Ventilate and ventilate to prevent seedlings from burning; when there is sunlight and the temperature exceeds 25 ℃, water or cover the shade net; do not water in rainy weather.

As a further optimization scheme of this technical scheme, in (4) seedling management, specific targeted prevention and control include:

Situation 1: When the true leaves of papaya seedlings suffer from stem rot, downy mildew or damping-off disease, spray the true leaves with oxazolidone penoxuron or propamocarb hydrochloride 66.5%;

Case 2: Place imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin, etc. in the plug tray to control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths, and ants;

Situation 3: Place egg mite clear, abamectin, etc. in the plug to prevent and control the destruction of red spiders.

Owing to adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: in the process of cultivating papaya seedlings, the method selects seeds and accelerates germination before sowing, so that the seeds after sprouting can grow normally after sowing, so as to cultivate good-growing papaya seeds. For papaya seedlings, the substrates are peat, coconut bran, and perlite, and the volume ratio is 3-3.5:3-3.5:3-3.5, and each substrate is mixed with 3000g of controlled-release fertilizer per 10,000 seedlings.

Among them, peat is the most primitive state of coal, which is sterile, non-toxic, non-polluting, and has good ventilation performance. It is light in weight, water retention, fertilizer retention, beneficial to microbial activity, enhances biological performance, and rich in nutrients. It is not only a cultivation substrate, but also a good soil conditioner, and contains high organic matter, humic acid and nutrients. Organic carrier of required nutrients and minerals and trace elements. Among them, the content of humic acid is extremely high. It is both an auxin for plants and a health care product for plants. While helping plants digest and absorb nutrients, it can also improve the stress resistance of plants, and has strong soil adaptability, but It is suitable to be acidic to neutral. As a cultivation substrate, it is incomparable with other organic matter. In addition, because peat contains a lot of organic matter, it is loose, has good air permeability and water permeability, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, light texture, no disease spores and eggs, so it is used in conjunction with perlite, vermiculite, river sand, coconut bran, etc. .

Coconut bran is the product of coconut crushing. It has a good pore structure for cultivation and strong water retention capacity. It is an active substrate with complex and excellent physical and chemical absorption capacity and strong buffering effect. It is used as a cultivation substrate after artificial fermentation. The natural state of coconut bran is acidic, with a pH between 4.40 and 5.90, which meets the requirements of papaya for acidic soil, and the use of coconut bran and peat can reduce the deficiency of coconut health, fully optimize nutrients and consolidate the cultivation soil. .

As an essential component of seedling soil, perlite can increase the permeability and water absorption of the nutrient matrix. It can prevent soil compaction, avoid plant lodging, and control fertilizer efficiency. Dilute fertilizer.

The three substrates of peat, coconut bran and perlite are prepared by appropriate ratios, and then combined with the controlled release fertilizer to be used in the cultivation of papaya seedlings. These three components are indispensable for soilless cultivation. According to the characteristics of these three components, they are combined to prepare a matrix, which can cultivate robust papaya seedlings, and can keep them in the later transplanting process. The original substrate and nutrients of papaya seedling roots.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A method for cultivating papaya seedlings using a plug tray, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed selection and germination

Every year from mid-to-late October to mid-November, choose papayas with high yield and high quality, no pests and diseases, well-proportioned and ripe papayas, cut out fresh seeds, scrub to remove pseudomembrane of seeds, dry them, and select seeds with full grains; put them in a bucket. After soaking the selected plump seeds in 40°C warm water for 48 hours, wrap them with a wet towel and place them in a greenhouse for germination. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-25°C, and the humidity is 60%-70%, and the seeds are slowly exposed to white.

(2) Matrix preparation

The substrate includes peat, coconut bran, and perlite, and the volume ratio is 3-3.5:3-3.5:3-3.5. Each substrate is mixed with 3000g of controlled-release fertilizer per 10,000 seedlings. The components of the controlled-release fertilizer are Including nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer: total phosphorus content: total potassium content is 15:10:12.

(3) Sowing

After the seeds are whitened, put them into the culture bucket, soak them with 1500 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl WP or 1500 times of carbendazim for 2 hours, sterilize them, and rinse them twice with clean water after picking them up; There are several cultivation holes, the prepared matrix is evenly distributed into each cultivation hole of the plug tray, the sterilized dew white seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, It is advisable to just cover the seeds. Wherein, the said plug tray is provided with 50 cultivation holes, 1-2 seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, the size of the plug tray is 9cm*10cm or 10cm*11cm, in this embodiment, it is preferred that the size of 9cm*10cm is used. The plug tray and two plug trays were selected, and 2 seeds were sown in each cultivation hole.

(4) Seedling management

The plug tray after sowing is placed in the greenhouse to raise seedlings. After sowing, pour enough water to cover it with a film to prevent cold and keep warm. Water is carried out according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse. Watering; when the temperature is 20°C during the day, open both ends of the greenhouse for ventilation to prevent the seedlings from burning; when there is sunshine and the temperature exceeds 25°C, water or cover the shade net; in rainy weather No need to water. After 10 to 20 days, the seeds germinate and germinate; among them, during the period from sowing to growing cotyledons, the substrate in the cultivation hole is kept moist, and after the cotyledons are grown, the humidity of the substrate in the cultivation hole is controlled; when the seedling grows the third true leaf Spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid, 20 days later, when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid again; when the seedlings grow the 4th true leaf, when the greenhouse temperature reaches 20 ℃ , spray once in the afternoon with 0.5% N-P-K=20-20-20 water-soluble compound fertilizer, spray with water immediately after spraying to clean the leaves, spray once every 15-20d on sunny days, and it can be used in February to March of the following year. Emergence; in addition, in the process of growing true leaves, targeted control is carried out according to the infection diseases suffered by true leaves and the interference of external pests. Specifically, when the true leaves of papaya seedlings suffer from stem rot, downy mildew or damping-off disease, the true leaves are sprayed with oxazoxazone cyanamide or propamocarb hydrochloride 66.5%; Imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin, etc. are used to prevent and control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths, and ants; egg mite clear and abamectin are placed in the plug trays to prevent and control the damage of red spiders.

Example 2

A method for cultivating papaya seedlings using a plug tray, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed selection and germination

Every year from mid-to-late October to mid-November, choose papayas with high yield and high quality, no pests and diseases, well-proportioned and ripe papayas, cut out fresh seeds, scrub to remove pseudomembrane of seeds, dry them, and select seeds with full grains; put them in a bucket. After soaking the selected plump seeds in 40°C warm water for 48 hours, wrap them with a wet towel and place them in a greenhouse for germination. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-25°C, and the humidity is 60%-70%, and the seeds are slowly exposed to white.

(2) Matrix preparation

The substrate includes peat, coconut bran, and perlite, and the volume ratio is 5-5.5:4-4.5:1-1.5. Each substrate is mixed with 3000g of controlled-release fertilizer per 10,000 seedlings. The components of the controlled-release fertilizer are Including nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer: total phosphorus content: total potassium content is 15:10:12.

(3) Sowing

After the seeds are whitened, put them into the culture bucket, soak them with 1500 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl WP or 1500 times of carbendazim for 2 hours, sterilize them, and rinse them twice with clean water after picking them up; There are several cultivation holes, the prepared matrix is evenly distributed into each cultivation hole of the plug tray, the sterilized dew white seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, It is advisable to just cover the seeds. Wherein, the said plug tray is provided with 50 cultivation holes, 1-2 seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, the size of the plug tray is 9cm*10cm or 10cm*11cm, in this embodiment, it is preferred that the size of 9cm*10cm is used. The plug tray and two plug trays were selected, and 2 seeds were sown in each cultivation hole.

(4) Seedling management

The plug tray after sowing is placed in the greenhouse to raise seedlings. After sowing, pour enough water to cover it with a film to prevent cold and keep warm. Water is carried out according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse. Watering; when the temperature is 20°C during the day, open both ends of the greenhouse for ventilation to prevent the seedlings from burning; when there is sunshine and the temperature exceeds 25°C, water or cover the shade net; in rainy weather No need to water. After 10 to 20 days, the seeds germinate and germinate; among them, during the period from sowing to growing cotyledons, the substrate in the cultivation hole is kept moist, and after the cotyledons are grown, the humidity of the substrate in the cultivation hole is controlled; when the seedling grows the third true leaf Spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid, 20 days later, when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid again; when the seedlings grow the 4th true leaf, when the greenhouse temperature reaches 20 ℃ , spray once in the afternoon with 0.5% N-P-K=20-20-20 water-soluble compound fertilizer, spray with water immediately after spraying to clean the leaves, spray once every 15-20d on sunny days, and it can be used in February to March of the following year. Emergence; in addition, in the process of growing true leaves, targeted control is carried out according to the infection diseases suffered by true leaves and the interference of external pests. Specifically, when the true leaves of papaya seedlings suffer from stem rot, downy mildew or damping-off disease, the true leaves are sprayed with oxazoxazone cyanamide or propamocarb hydrochloride 66.5%; Imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin, etc. are used to prevent and control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths, and ants; egg mite clear and abamectin are placed in the plug trays to prevent and control the damage of red spiders.

Example 3

A method for cultivating papaya seedlings using a plug tray, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed selection and germination

Every year from mid-to-late October to mid-November, choose papayas with high yield and high quality, no pests and diseases, well-proportioned and ripe papayas, cut out fresh seeds, scrub to remove pseudomembrane of seeds, dry them, and select seeds with full grains; put them in a bucket. After soaking the selected plump seeds in 40°C warm water for 48 hours, wrap them with a wet towel and place them in a greenhouse for germination. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-25°C, and the humidity is 60%-70%, and the seeds are slowly exposed to white.

(2) Matrix preparation

The substrate includes peat and coconut bran, and the volume ratio is 4-4.5:6-6.5. Each substrate is mixed with 3000g of controlled-release fertilizer per 10,000 seedlings, and the components of the controlled-release fertilizer include nitrate nitrogen and ammonium. Nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer: total phosphorus content: total potassium content is 15:10:12.

(3) Sowing

After the seeds are whitened, put them into the culture bucket, soak them with 1500 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl WP or 1500 times of carbendazim for 2 hours, sterilize them, and rinse them twice with clean water after picking them up; There are several cultivation holes, the prepared matrix is evenly distributed into each cultivation hole of the plug tray, the sterilized dew white seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, It is advisable to just cover the seeds. Wherein, the said plug tray is provided with 50 cultivation holes, 1-2 seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, the size of the plug tray is 9cm*10cm or 10cm*11cm, in this embodiment, it is preferred that the size of 9cm*10cm is used. The plug tray and two plug trays were selected, and 2 seeds were sown in each cultivation hole.

(4) Seedling management

The plug tray after sowing is placed in the greenhouse to raise seedlings. After sowing, pour enough water to cover it with a film to prevent cold and keep warm. Water is carried out according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse. Watering; when the temperature is 20°C during the day, open both ends of the greenhouse for ventilation to prevent the seedlings from burning; when there is sunshine and the temperature exceeds 25°C, water or cover the shade net; in rainy weather No need to water. After 10 to 20 days, the seeds germinate and germinate; among them, during the period from sowing to growing cotyledons, the substrate in the cultivation hole is kept moist, and after the cotyledons are grown, the humidity of the substrate in the cultivation hole is controlled; when the seedling grows the third true leaf Spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid, 20 days later, when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid again; when the seedlings grow the 4th true leaf, when the greenhouse temperature reaches 20 ℃ , spray once in the afternoon with 0.5% N-P-K=20-20-20 water-soluble compound fertilizer, spray with water immediately after spraying to clean the leaves, spray once every 15-20d on sunny days, and it can be used in February to March of the following year. Emergence; in addition, in the process of growing true leaves, targeted control is carried out according to the infection diseases suffered by true leaves and the interference of external pests. Specifically, when the true leaves of papaya seedlings suffer from stem rot, downy mildew or damping-off disease, the true leaves are sprayed with oxazoxazone cyanamide or propamocarb hydrochloride 66.5%; Imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin, etc. are used to prevent and control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths, and ants; egg mite clear and abamectin are placed in the plug trays to prevent and control the damage of red spiders.

Example 4

A method for cultivating papaya seedlings using a plug tray, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed selection and germination

Every year from mid-to-late October to mid-November, choose papayas with high yield and high quality, no pests and diseases, well-proportioned and ripe papayas, cut out fresh seeds, scrub to remove pseudomembrane of seeds, dry them, and select seeds with full grains; put them in a bucket. After soaking the selected plump seeds in 40°C warm water for 48 hours, wrap them with a wet towel and place them in a greenhouse for germination. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-25°C, and the humidity is 60%-70%, and the seeds are slowly exposed to white.

(2) Matrix preparation

The substrate includes peat and coconut bran, and its volume ratio is 5 to 5.5:5 to 5.5. Each substrate is mixed with 3000g of controlled-release fertilizer per 10,000 seedlings, and the components of the controlled-release fertilizer include nitrate nitrogen and ammonium. Nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer: total phosphorus content: total potassium content is 15:10:12.

(3) Sowing

After the seeds are whitened, put them into the culture bucket, soak them with 1500 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl WP or 1500 times of carbendazim for 2 hours, sterilize them, and rinse them twice with clean water after picking them up; There are several cultivation holes, the prepared matrix is evenly distributed into each cultivation hole of the plug tray, the sterilized dew white seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, It is advisable to just cover the seeds. Wherein, the said plug tray is provided with 50 cultivation holes, 1-2 seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, the size of the plug tray is 9cm*10cm or 10cm*11cm, in this embodiment, it is preferred that the size of 9cm*10cm is used. The plug tray and two plug trays were selected, and 2 seeds were sown in each cultivation hole.

(4) Seedling management

The plug tray after sowing is placed in the greenhouse to raise seedlings. After sowing, pour enough water to cover it with a film to prevent cold and keep warm. Water is carried out according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse. Watering; when the temperature is 20°C during the day, open both ends of the greenhouse for ventilation to prevent the seedlings from burning; when there is sunshine and the temperature exceeds 25°C, water or cover the shade net; in rainy weather No need to water. After 10 to 20 days, the seeds germinate and germinate; among them, during the period from sowing to growing cotyledons, the substrate in the cultivation hole is kept moist, and after the cotyledons are grown, the humidity of the substrate in the cultivation hole is controlled; when the seedling grows the third true leaf Spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid, 20 days later, when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid again; when the seedlings grow the 4th true leaf, when the greenhouse temperature reaches 20 ℃ , spray once in the afternoon with 0.5% N-P-K=20-20-20 water-soluble compound fertilizer, spray with water immediately after spraying to clean the leaves, spray once every 15-20d on sunny days, and it can be used in February to March of the following year. Emergence; in addition, in the process of growing true leaves, targeted control is carried out according to the infection diseases suffered by true leaves and the interference of external pests. Specifically, when the true leaves of papaya seedlings suffer from stem rot, downy mildew or damping-off disease, the true leaves are sprayed with oxazoxazone cyanamide or propamocarb hydrochloride 66.5%; Imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin, etc. are used to prevent and control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths, and ants; egg mite clear and abamectin are placed in the plug trays to prevent and control the damage of red spiders.

Example 5

A method for cultivating papaya seedlings using a plug tray, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed selection and germination

Every year from mid-to-late October to mid-November, choose papayas with high yield and high quality, no pests and diseases, well-proportioned and ripe papayas, cut out fresh seeds, scrub to remove pseudomembrane of seeds, dry them, and select seeds with full grains; put them in a bucket. After soaking the selected plump seeds in 40°C warm water for 48 hours, wrap them with a wet towel and place them in a greenhouse for germination. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-25°C, and the humidity is 60%-70%, and the seeds are slowly exposed to white.

(2) Matrix preparation

The substrate includes loose topsoil and coconut bran, and its volume ratio is 3:1, and each substrate is mixed with 3000g of controlled-release fertilizer per 10,000 seedlings, and the components of the controlled-release fertilizer include nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, Phosphorus pentoxide, potassium chloride and magnesium oxide, the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer: total phosphorus content: total potassium content is 15:10:12.

(3) Sowing

After the seeds are whitened, put them into the culture bucket, soak them with 1500 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl WP or 1500 times of carbendazim for 2 hours, sterilize them, and rinse them twice with clean water after picking them up; There are several cultivation holes, the prepared matrix is evenly distributed into each cultivation hole of the plug tray, the sterilized dew white seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, It is advisable to just cover the seeds. Wherein, the said plug tray is provided with 50 cultivation holes, 1-2 seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, the size of the plug tray is 9cm*10cm or 10cm*11cm, in this embodiment, it is preferred that the size of 9cm*10cm is used. The plug tray and two plug trays were selected, and 2 seeds were sown in each cultivation hole.

(4) Seedling management

The plug tray after sowing is placed in the greenhouse to raise seedlings. After sowing, pour enough water to cover it with a film to prevent cold and keep warm. Water is carried out according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse. Watering; when the temperature is 20°C during the day, open both ends of the greenhouse for ventilation to prevent the seedlings from burning; when there is sunshine and the temperature exceeds 25°C, water or cover the shade net; in rainy weather No need to water. After 10 to 20 days, the seeds germinate and germinate; among them, during the period from sowing to growing cotyledons, the substrate in the cultivation hole is kept moist, and after the cotyledons are grown, the humidity of the substrate in the cultivation hole is controlled; when the seedling grows the third true leaf Spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid, 20 days later, when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid again; when the seedlings grow the 4th true leaf, when the greenhouse temperature reaches 20 ℃ , spray once in the afternoon with 0.5% N-P-K=20-20-20 water-soluble compound fertilizer, spray with water immediately after spraying to clean the leaves, spray once every 15-20d on sunny days, and it can be used in February to March of the following year. Emergence; in addition, in the process of growing true leaves, targeted control is carried out according to the infection diseases suffered by true leaves and the interference of external pests. Specifically, when the true leaves of papaya seedlings suffer from stem rot, downy mildew or damping-off disease, the true leaves are sprayed with oxazoxazone cyanamide or propamocarb hydrochloride 66.5%; Imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin, etc. are used to prevent and control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths, and ants; egg mite clear and abamectin are placed in the plug trays to prevent and control the damage of red spiders.

Example 6

A method for cultivating papaya seedlings using a plug tray, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed selection and germination

Every year from mid-to-late October to mid-November, choose papayas with high yield and high quality, no pests and diseases, well-proportioned and ripe papayas, cut out fresh seeds, scrub to remove pseudomembrane of seeds, dry them, and select seeds with full grains; put them in a bucket. After soaking the selected plump seeds in 40°C warm water for 48 hours, wrap them with a wet towel and place them in a greenhouse for germination. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-25°C, and the humidity is 60%-70%, and the seeds are slowly exposed to white.

(2) Matrix preparation

The substrate includes loose topsoil and peat, and its volume ratio is 10:1. Each substrate is mixed with 3000g of controlled-release fertilizer per 10,000 seedlings. The components of the controlled-release fertilizer include nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, five Phosphorus oxide, potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer: total phosphorus content: total potassium content is 15:10:12.

(3) Sowing

After the seeds are whitened, put them into the culture bucket, soak them with 1500 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl WP or 1500 times of carbendazim for 2 hours, sterilize them, and rinse them twice with clean water after picking them up; There are several cultivation holes, the prepared matrix is evenly distributed into each cultivation hole of the plug tray, the sterilized dew white seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, It is advisable to just cover the seeds. Wherein, the said plug tray is provided with 50 cultivation holes, 1-2 seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, the size of the plug tray is 9cm*10cm or 10cm*11cm, in this embodiment, it is preferred that the size of 9cm*10cm is used. The plug tray and two plug trays were selected, and 2 seeds were sown in each cultivation hole.

(4) Seedling management

The plug tray after sowing is placed in the greenhouse to raise seedlings. After sowing, pour enough water to cover it with a film to prevent cold and keep warm. Water is carried out according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse. Watering; when the temperature is 20°C during the day, open both ends of the greenhouse for ventilation to prevent the seedlings from burning; when there is sunshine and the temperature exceeds 25°C, water or cover the shade net; in rainy weather No need to water. After 10 to 20 days, the seeds germinate and germinate; among them, during the period from sowing to growing cotyledons, the substrate in the cultivation hole is kept moist, and after the cotyledons are grown, the humidity of the substrate in the cultivation hole is controlled; when the seedling grows the third true leaf Spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid, 20 days later, when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 ℃, spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid again; when the seedlings grow the 4th true leaf, when the greenhouse temperature reaches 20 ℃ , spray once in the afternoon with 0.5% N-P-K=20-20-20 water-soluble compound fertilizer, spray with water immediately after spraying to clean the leaves, spray once every 15-20d on sunny days, and it can be used in February to March of the following year. Emergence; in addition, in the process of growing true leaves, targeted control is carried out according to the infection diseases suffered by true leaves and the interference of external pests. Specifically, when the true leaves of papaya seedlings suffer from stem rot, downy mildew or damping-off disease, the true leaves are sprayed with oxazoxazone cyanamide or propamocarb hydrochloride 66.5%; Imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin, etc. are used to prevent and control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths, and ants; egg mite clear and abamectin are placed in the plug trays to prevent and control the damage of red spiders.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, 6 groups were tested respectively, and each group included two plug trays with 100 cultivation holes and 200 seeds were sown in total. Carry out the test according to the cultivating step and the matrix ratio of embodiment 1～6, and the specific growth situation of papaya seedlings from February to March in the next year of 6 test groups is counted as shown in the following table:

Table 1 Statistics on the growth of papaya seedlings from February to March in the second year, and the classification standard table of papaya seedlings

Among them, the first-class seedlings are the best among the indicators.

Table 2 Statistics on the growth of 200 papaya seedlings in 100 cultivation holes in the second year

To sum up, according to the statistics of the test results of cultivating 200 papaya seedlings in 100 cultivation holes, in the matrix ratio, peat:coconut bran:perlite=3～3.5:3～3.5:3～3.5 has the best effect. : The average plant height is 18 cm; the average thickness of the stem is 0.8 cm, and the stem is thick; the number of leaves is 11 to 12, the leaves are thick and light green, and the internodes are compact; There are 186 trees, which are first-class on the index. Therefore, the root matrix is not loose when the seedlings are taken out of the plug.

Claims (5)

1. a method for cultivating papaya seedlings using plug tray, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Seed selection and germination Every year from mid-to-late October to mid-November, choose papayas with high yield and high quality, no pests and diseases, well-proportioned and ripe papayas, cut out fresh seeds, scrub to remove pseudomembrane of seeds, dry them, and select seeds with full grains; put them in a bucket. After soaking the selected plump seeds in 40°C warm water for 48 hours, wrap them with a wet towel and place them in a greenhouse for germination. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 20-25°C, and the humidity is 60%-70%, and the seeds slowly turn white; (2) Matrix preparation Described matrix comprises peat, coconut bran, perlite, and its volume ratio is 3～3.5: 3～3.5: 3～3.5, and each matrix is mixed with 3000g controlled-release fertilizer according to every ten thousand seedlings; (3) Sowing After the seeds are whitened, put them into the culture bucket, soak them with 1500 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl WP or 1500 times of carbendazim for 2 hours, sterilize them, and rinse them twice with clean water after picking them up; There are several cultivation holes, the prepared matrix is evenly distributed into each cultivation hole of the plug tray, the sterilized dew white seeds are sown in each cultivation hole, the controlled release fertilizer is applied, and the surface is covered with a layer of coconut chaff, It is advisable to just cover the seeds; (4) Seedling management The plug tray after sowing is placed in the greenhouse to raise seedlings, after sowing, sprinkle enough water, cover with a film to prevent cold and keep warm, and water according to the temperature and weather conditions in the greenhouse, and the seeds germinate after 10 to 20 days. During the period from sowing to growing cotyledons, keep the substrate in the cultivation hole moist, and after the cotyledons grow, control the humidity of the substrate in the cultivation hole; when the seedling grows the third true leaf, spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times liquid, after 20d , when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 20 °C, spray 30% liquid paclobutrazol 2500 times again; when the seedlings grow the 4th true leaf, when the greenhouse temperature reaches 20 °C, use 0.5% N-P-K= 20-20- 20 Water-soluble compound fertilizer should be sprayed once, sprayed with water immediately after spraying to clean the leaves, sprayed once every 15-20d on sunny days, and the seedlings will emerge from February to March of the next year; In the middle, targeted control is carried out according to the infection of true leaves and the interference of external pests. 2. A method for cultivating papaya seedlings using a plug tray as claimed in claim 1, wherein in (2) matrix preparation, the components of the controlled-release fertilizer include nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, five Phosphorus oxide, potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, the total nitrogen content in the controlled release fertilizer: total phosphorus content: total potassium content is 15:10:12. 3. The method for cultivating papaya seedlings using a plug tray as claimed in claim 1, wherein in (3) sowing, 50 cultivation holes are provided in the plug tray, and each cultivation hole is sown for sowing 1-2 seeds, the size of the plug tray is 9cm*10cm or 10cm*11cm. 4. a kind of method for cultivating papaya seedlings using plug tray as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in (4) seedling raising management, concrete watering operation is: in dry weather, must water sooner or later When the temperature is 20°C during the day, open the two ends of the greenhouse for ventilation to prevent the seedlings from burning; when there is sunlight and the temperature exceeds 25°C, water or cover the shade net; no need to water in rainy weather water. 5. a kind of method for cultivating papaya seedlings using a plug tray as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in (4) seedling raising management, specific targeted prevention and treatment comprises: Situation 1: When the true leaves of papaya seedlings suffer from stem rot, downy mildew or damping-off disease, spray the true leaves with oxazolidone penoxuron or 66.5% of propamocarb hydrochloride; Case 2: Place imidacloprid, acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin, etc. in the plug tray to control aphids, cutworms, leaf moths, and ants; Situation 3: Place egg mite clear, abamectin, etc. in the plug to prevent and control the destruction of red spiders.