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CN113270614B - Air supply system and working method of proton exchange membrane fuel cell for vehicle - Google Patents

Air supply system and working method of proton exchange membrane fuel cell for vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113270614B
CN113270614B CN202110539446.1A CN202110539446A CN113270614B CN 113270614 B CN113270614 B CN 113270614B CN 202110539446 A CN202110539446 A CN 202110539446A CN 113270614 B CN113270614 B CN 113270614B
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fuel cell
valve
air supply
air
supply system
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CN113270614A (en
Inventor
衣丰艳
鲁大钢
申阳
周稼铭
王金波
王兴茂
苏晴晴
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Shandong Jiaotong University
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Shandong Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/31—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for starting of fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种车用质子交换膜燃料电池空气供应系统及工作方法，其中该系统包括：空气滤清器、空气流量计、空压机、储氧气罐、三通比例阀、中冷器、散热器、冷却风扇、水泵、增湿器、混合器、循环泵、燃料电池堆、排水阀、水汽分离器和三通阀，该工作方法包括：燃料电池低温预启动、正常行驶工况下燃料电池空气供应系统以及高海拔低氧工况下燃料电池空气供应系统的工作方法。本发明提供的一种车用质子交换膜燃料电池空气供应系统及工作方法，使燃料电池汽车既能在正常行驶工况下又能在高海拔低氧工况下行驶并保证燃料电池高效且稳定的运行，实现了燃料电池堆的快速暖机，提高了燃料电池的寿命和系统运行的稳定性。

Figure 202110539446

The invention discloses an air supply system and a working method of a vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cell, wherein the system comprises: an air filter, an air flow meter, an air compressor, an oxygen storage tank, a three-way proportional valve, and an intercooler , radiator, cooling fan, water pump, humidifier, mixer, circulating pump, fuel cell stack, drain valve, water vapor separator and three-way valve, the working method includes: low temperature pre-start of fuel cell, under normal driving conditions A fuel cell air supply system and a working method of the fuel cell air supply system under high altitude and low oxygen conditions. The invention provides an air supply system and a working method for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for a vehicle, so that the fuel cell vehicle can run not only under normal driving conditions but also under high altitude and low oxygen conditions, and ensure the high efficiency and stability of the fuel cell. The operation of the fuel cell stack realizes the rapid warm-up of the fuel cell stack, and improves the life of the fuel cell and the stability of the system operation.

Figure 202110539446

Description

Air supply system of vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cell and working method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to an air supply system of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for a vehicle and a working method.
Background
With the increase of the national attention on environmental pollution and the goal of green development, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell called as an ultimate environmental protection engine is used as a clean, pollution-free and efficient power generation device, is applied to fuel automobiles and is popularized in a demonstration mode. For automotive fuel systems, the air supply system is an indispensable auxiliary system for it. The existing fuel cell air supply system can not work well under the high altitude hypoxia working condition, and how to creatively provide a vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cell air supply system, so that a fuel cell vehicle can run under the normal running working condition and the high altitude hypoxia working condition, and the efficient and stable running of the fuel cell is ensured, which is a problem to be solved in the field.
The invention patent CN201811554594.5 proposes a fuel cell air supply system and an air supply method, and the patent has the defects that only a method for quickly warming and starting a fuel cell under a low-temperature environment is provided, the method cannot be used for quickly warming and starting the fuel cell under a high altitude and low oxygen, and the method for supplying the air to the fuel cell under a special working condition cannot be provided; the invention patent CN201910690153.6 proposes an air supply system and method for a fuel cell engine, which only provides an air supply system and method for energy recovery and improving energy utilization efficiency, and fails to provide an air supply method for a fuel cell under a low oxygen condition at high altitude.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an air supply system of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for a vehicle and a working method thereof, aiming at switching the gas supplied in the air supply system of the fuel cell by means of switching a three-way valve and storing high-pressure oxygen in an oxygen storage tank, so that a fuel cell vehicle can run under normal running working conditions and high-altitude low-oxygen working conditions, the high-efficiency and stable operation of the fuel cell is ensured, the fuel cell can be quickly warmed up, and the starting time of the fuel cell is shortened.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the air supply system for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell for the vehicle comprises an air filter, an air flow meter, an air compressor, an oxygen storage tank, a three-way proportional valve, an intercooler, a radiator, a cooling fan, a water pump, a humidifier, a mixer, a circulating pump, a fuel cell stack, a drain valve, a water-vapor separator and a three-way valve.
The three-way proportional valve comprises a first valve, a second valve and a third valve, the intercooler comprises a first inlet, a first outlet, a second inlet and a second outlet, the fuel cell stack comprises a cathode inlet, a cathode outlet, an anode inlet and an anode outlet, and the three-way valve comprises a first valve, a second valve and a third valve.
Specifically, in the air supply system for the vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cell, one end of the air flow meter is connected with an air filter through an air supply pipeline, the other end of the air flow meter is connected with an air inlet of an air compressor, an air outlet of the air compressor is connected with a first valve of a three-way proportional valve through the air supply pipeline, the oxygen storage tank is connected with a third valve of the three-way proportional valve through an oxygen pipeline, a second valve of the three-way proportional valve is connected with a second inlet of an intercooler through the air supply pipeline, a first inlet of the intercooler is connected with one end of a water pump through a cooling liquid pipeline, one end of the radiator is connected with the other end of the water pump through the cooling liquid pipeline, the other end of the radiator is connected with a first outlet of the intercooler through the cooling liquid pipeline, the cooling fan is assembled behind the radiator, and a second outlet of the intercooler is connected with one end of a humidifier through the air supply pipeline, the other end of humidifier is connected with the mixer through the pipeline, the mixer is connected with the cathode inlet of fuel cell stack through the pipeline again, the cathode outlet of fuel cell stack is connected with the first valve of three-way valve through the pipeline, the third valve of three-way valve is connected with the humidifier through exhaust pipe, the second valve of three-way valve is connected with the steam separator through the pipeline, the steam separator drainage end is connected with the drain valve through the pipeline, the steam separator exhaust end is connected with the circulating pump air inlet through exhaust pipe, the gas vent of circulating pump is connected with the mixer through exhaust pipe.
Preferably, the air compressor is a two-stage supercharging type ultra-high speed electric air compressor for the fuel cell, which can sufficiently improve the flow and pressure of the ambient air entering the fuel cell stack, thereby improving the efficiency and the service life of the fuel cell stack.
Preferably, the oxygen storage tank is a container device which can bear certain pressure and has good sealing performance, and the oxygen storage tank is filled with gas with high oxygen concentration and is arranged at a position far away from the fuel cell stack to meet the use specification that the oxygen storage tank cannot be close to a heat source.
The invention provides a working method of an air supply system of a vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises a working method of the air supply system of the fuel cell under the working conditions of low-temperature pre-starting and normal running of the fuel cell and the air supply system of the fuel cell under the working conditions of high altitude and low oxygen.
The low-temperature pre-starting working method of the fuel cell is realized in that when a vehicle controller detects that the fuel cell is in a low-temperature environment, a cooling fan is controlled not to work, the full-power operation of an air compressor is controlled, ambient air is enabled to enter a fuel cell stack after being pressurized and heated by the air compressor and not cooled by an intercooler, and the fuel cell stack is heated.
The working method of the fuel cell air supply system under the normal running working condition is realized in that when a fuel cell automobile runs under the normal working condition, a vehicle control unit controls a first valve and a second valve of a three-way proportional valve to be conducted, a third valve of the three-way proportional valve is closed, the vehicle control unit controls the first valve and the third valve of the three-way proportional valve to be conducted, the second valve of the three-way proportional valve is closed, ambient air flows into a cathode inlet of a fuel cell stack after being filtered, cleaned, pressurized, cooled and humidified sequentially through an air filter, an air flow meter, an air compressor, the three-way proportional valve, an intercooler, a humidifier and a mixer, and unreacted ambient air and reaction product water flow through the three-way valve and the humidifier from a cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack and are discharged.
The working method of the fuel cell air supply system under the high-altitude and low-oxygen working condition is realized in that when an automobile runs under the high-altitude and low-oxygen working condition, the vehicle control unit controls the conduction of the third valve and the second valve of the three-way proportional valve, the first valve is closed, the vehicle control unit controls the conduction of the first valve and the second valve of the three-way proportional valve, the third valve is closed, the vehicle control unit controls the non-operation of the air compressor, the high-pressure oxygen in the oxygen storage tank flows into the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack after being cooled and humidified sequentially through the three-way proportional valve, the intercooler, the humidifier and the mixer, the unreacted high-pressure oxygen reaction product water flows into the water-vapor separator through the three-way valve from the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack, the separated water is discharged through the drain valve, the separated high-pressure oxygen flows into the mixer through the circulating pump, and flows into the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack after being mixed with the high-pressure oxygen flowing from the humidifier, the full utilization of the high-pressure oxygen in the oxygen storage tank is ensured.
The switching of the working method of the fuel cell air supply system under the normal running working condition and the switching of the working method of the fuel cell air supply system under the high-altitude low-oxygen working condition can be controlled by controlling the on-off of different valves of the three-way proportional valve and the three-way valve and the on-off of the air compressor according to the vehicle controller.
When the monitoring system detects that the oxygen content in the environment is lower than the threshold value of the oxygen content of the reaction air of the fuel cell stack, the vehicle controller controls the fuel cell vehicle to change the working method of the fuel cell air supply system under the normal driving working condition into the working method of the fuel cell air supply system under the high-altitude low-oxygen working condition.
The whole vehicle controller can intelligently adjust the opening degrees of the first valve and the third valve of the three-way proportional valve according to the working state of the fuel cell stack by monitoring the rarefied degree of oxygen in the ambient air, so that the high-pressure oxygen consumption of the oxygen storage tank is saved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial results that:
1) the air supply system can ensure that the fuel cell automobile can run under the normal running working condition and the high-altitude low-oxygen working condition and ensure the high-efficiency and stable operation of the fuel cell.
2) The air supply system realizes the quick warm-up of the fuel cell stack, and improves the service life of the fuel cell and the stability of the system operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an air supply system and an operating method of a vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-air filter, 2-air flow meter, 3-air compressor, 4-oxygen storage tank, 5-three-way proportional valve, 6-intercooler, 7-radiator, 8-cooling fan, 9-humidifier, 10-mixer, 11-circulating pump, 12-fuel cell stack, 13-drain valve, 14-water-vapor separator, 15-three-way valve, 16-water pump, 51-three-way proportional valve first valve, 52-three-way proportional valve second valve, 53-three-way proportional valve third valve, 61-first inlet, 62-first outlet, 64-second inlet, 63-second outlet, 151-three-way valve first valve, 152-three-way valve second valve, 153-three-way valve third valve, 121-fuel cell stack cathode inlet, 122-fuel cell stack cathode outlet, 123-fuel cell stack anode inlet, 124-fuel cell stack anode outlet.
Detailed Description
For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. The same reference numbers in different drawings identify the same or similar elements and, thus, perform similar functions. Moreover, descriptions and details of well-known steps and elements are omitted for simplicity of the description. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present application, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, it is understood that the present application may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the present application.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein the cross-sectional views illustrating the structure of the device are not enlarged partially in general scale for convenience of illustration, and the drawings are only exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual fabrication.
Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper, lower, inner and outer" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and operate, and thus, cannot be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms first, second, or third are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The terms "mounted, connected and connected" in the present invention are to be understood broadly, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, for example: can be fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrally connected; they may be mechanically, electrically, or directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an air supply system for a vehicle pem fuel cell. The air supply system of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell for the vehicle comprises an air filter 1, an air flow meter 2, an air compressor 3, an oxygen storage tank 4, a three-way proportional valve 5, an intercooler 6, a radiator 7, a cooling fan 8, a water pump 16, a humidifier 9, a mixer 10, a circulating pump 11, a fuel cell stack 12, a drain valve 13, a water-vapor separator 14 and a three-way valve 15.
As shown in fig. 1, the three-way proportional valve 5 includes a first valve 51, a second valve 52, and a third valve 53, the intercooler 6 includes a first inlet 61, a first outlet 62, a second inlet 64, and a second outlet 63, the fuel cell stack 12 includes a cathode inlet 121, a cathode outlet 122, an anode inlet 123, and an anode outlet 124, and the three-way valve 15 includes a first valve 151, a second valve 152, and a third valve 153.
Specifically, in the air supply system of the vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cell, one end of the air flow meter 2 is connected with the air filter 1 through an air supply pipeline, the other end of the air flow meter is connected with an air inlet of the air compressor 3, an air outlet of the air compressor 3 is connected with a first valve 51 of a three-way proportional valve 5 through an air supply pipeline, the oxygen storage tank 4 is connected with a third valve 53 of the three-way proportional valve 5 through an oxygen pipeline, a second valve 52 of the three-way proportional valve 5 is connected with a second inlet 64 of the intercooler 6 through an air supply pipeline, a first inlet 61 of the intercooler 6 is connected with one end of the water pump 16 through a cooling liquid pipeline, one end of the radiator 7 is connected with the other end of the water pump 16 through a cooling liquid pipeline, the other end of the radiator 7 is connected with a first outlet 62 of the intercooler 6 through a cooling liquid pipeline, the cooling fan 8 is assembled behind the radiator 7, the second outlet 63 of the intercooler 6 is connected with one end of a humidifier 9 through an air supply pipeline, the other end of the humidifier 9 is connected with a mixer 10 through a pipeline, the mixer 10 is connected with the cathode inlet 121 of the fuel cell stack 12 through a pipeline, the cathode outlet 122 of the fuel cell stack is connected with the first valve 151 of the three-way valve 15 through a pipeline, the third valve 153 of the three-way valve 15 is connected with the humidifier through an exhaust pipeline, the second valve 152 of the three-way valve 15 is connected with the water-vapor separator 14 through a pipeline, the water discharge end of the water-vapor separator 14 is connected with the water discharge valve 13 through a pipeline, the air discharge end of the water-vapor separator 14 is connected with the air inlet of the circulating pump 11 through an exhaust pipeline, and the air discharge port of the circulating pump 11 is connected with the mixer 10 through an exhaust pipeline.
Preferably, the air compressor 3 is a two-stage supercharging type ultra-high speed electric air compressor for the fuel cell, which can sufficiently increase the flow rate and pressure of the ambient air entering the fuel cell stack 12, thereby improving the efficiency and the service life of the fuel cell stack 12.
Preferably, the oxygen storage tank 4 is a container device which can bear certain pressure and has good sealing performance, and the oxygen storage tank 4 is filled with gas with high oxygen concentration and is arranged at a position far away from the fuel cell stack 12 to meet the use specification that the oxygen storage tank is not close to a heat source.
The invention provides a working method of an air supply system of a vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises a working method of the air supply system of the fuel cell under the working conditions of low-temperature pre-starting and normal running of the fuel cell and the air supply system of the fuel cell under the working conditions of high altitude and low oxygen.
The low-temperature pre-starting working method of the fuel cell is realized in that when a vehicle controller detects that the fuel cell is in a low-temperature environment, the vehicle controller controls the cooling fan 8 not to work, controls the air compressor 3 to run at full power, enables ambient air to enter the fuel cell stack 12 after being pressurized and heated by the air compressor 3 and not cooled by the intercooler 6, and heats the fuel cell stack 12.
As used herein, the term "pre-start" of a pem fuel cell stack may refer to a mode of operation from the initial state of the fuel cell stack to the duration that the fuel cell stack is heated to a temperature required for normal power generation.
The working method of the fuel cell air supply system under the normal running condition is realized in that when the fuel cell automobile runs under the normal running condition, the vehicle control unit controls the first valve 51 and the second valve 52 of the three-way proportional valve 5 to be conducted, the third valve 53 of the three-way proportional valve is closed, the vehicle control unit controls the first valve 151 and the third valve 153 of the three-way valve 15 to be conducted, the second valve 152 of the three-way proportional valve is closed, the ambient air sequentially passes through the air filter 1, the air flow meter 2, the air compressor 3, the three-way proportional valve 5, the intercooler 6, the humidifier 9 and the mixer 10 to be filtered, cleaned, pressurized, cooled and humidified and then flows into the cathode inlet 121 of the fuel cell stack 12, and the unreacted ambient air and the reaction product water flow through the three-way valve 15 and the humidifier 9 from the cathode outlet 122 of the fuel cell stack 12 and then are humidified and discharged.
The working method of the fuel cell air supply system under the high-altitude and low-oxygen working condition is realized in the way that when an automobile runs under the high-altitude and low-oxygen working condition, the vehicle control unit controls the conduction of the third valve 53 and the second valve 52 of the three-way proportional valve 5, the first valve 51 is closed, the vehicle control unit controls the conduction of the first valve 151 and the second valve 152 of the three-way valve 15, the third valve 153 is closed, the vehicle control unit controls the non-operation of the air compressor 3, the high-pressure oxygen in the oxygen storage tank 4 flows into the cathode inlet 121 of the fuel cell stack 12 after being cooled and humidified through the three-way proportional valve 5, the intercooler 6, the humidifier 9 and the mixer 10 in sequence, the unreacted high-pressure oxygen reaction product water flows into the water-vapor separator 14 from the cathode outlet 122 of the fuel cell stack 12 through the three-way valve 15, the separated water is discharged through the water discharge valve 13, and the separated high-pressure oxygen flows into the mixer 11 through the circulating pump 11, the high-pressure oxygen mixed with the high-pressure oxygen flowing from the humidifier 9 flows into the cathode inlet 121 of the fuel cell stack 12, and the high-pressure oxygen in the oxygen storage tank 4 is fully utilized.
The switching between the working method of the fuel cell air supply system under the normal running working condition and the working method of the fuel cell air supply system under the high-altitude low-oxygen working condition can be controlled by controlling the conduction and the closing of different valves of the three-way proportional valve 5 and the three-way valve 15 and the starting and stopping of the air compressor 3 according to the vehicle controller.
When the monitoring system detects that the oxygen content in the environment is lower than the threshold value of the oxygen content of the reaction air of the fuel cell stack 12, the vehicle controller controls the fuel cell vehicle to change the working method of the fuel cell air supply system under the normal driving working condition into the working method of the fuel cell air supply system under the high-altitude low-oxygen working condition.
In one embodiment, the vehicle controller may intelligently adjust the opening degree of the first valve 51 and the third valve of the three-way proportional valve 5 according to the operating state of the fuel cell stack 12 by monitoring the rarefied degree of oxygen in the ambient air, so as to save the high-pressure oxygen usage of the oxygen storage tank 4.
In specific implementation, the oxygen concentration in the ambient air is recorded asAn oxygen concentration eta1(ii) a Obtaining the oxygen concentration in the oxygen storage tank 4 and recording as the second oxygen concentration eta2(ii) a The opening degree of the first valve 51 is marked as k1The opening degree of the second valve is k2Then, the opening degree of the first valve 51 and the opening degree of the second valve 52 satisfy the following equation:
Figure BDA0003071092900000071
that is to say that the first and second electrodes,
Figure BDA0003071092900000072
where c is the target oxygen concentration of the mixed gas.
In actual use, the target oxygen concentration is not a fixed value, and it is related to the oxygen concentration in the ambient air, the oxygen concentration in the oxygen storage tank 4, and the pressure in the oxygen storage tank 4. In specific implementation, the functional relationship between the target oxygen concentration of the mixed gas and the oxygen concentration in the ambient air, the oxygen concentration in the oxygen storage tank 4 and the oxygen storage tank 4 may be calibrated, and when the target oxygen concentration of the mixed gas is in the corresponding working condition, the target oxygen concentration of the mixed gas may be calculated according to the oxygen concentration in the ambient air, the oxygen concentration in the oxygen storage tank 4 and the pressure in the oxygen storage tank 4. Then, the opening ratio of the first valve 51 and the second valve 52 is obtained, and then the opening ratio of the first valve 51 and the second valve 52 is increased or decreased in equal proportion, so that the air intake amount of the mixture meets the requirement.
In this way, the requirement for the speed and power of the air compressor can be reduced in environments with lower oxygen concentrations. The working state of the device can be kept in a relatively ideal working state under the high altitude and low oxygen working condition. Meanwhile, the oxygen concentration of the mixed gas can be improved to a certain degree, so that the quick start under the high-altitude low-oxygen working condition is facilitated, and the cold start time under the high-altitude low-oxygen environment can be greatly shortened.
In specific implementation, the gas source in the oxygen storage tank 4 may be a mixed gas filled with high oxygen concentration, or may be high-pressure air filled into the oxygen storage tank 4 by using the air compressor 3 in a low altitude state, which can be realized by those skilled in the art and is not the key point of the present invention, and will not be described herein again.
The above description is directed to specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种车用质子交换膜燃料电池空气供应系统，其特征在于，包括：空气滤清器、空气流量计、空压机、储氧气罐、三通比例阀、中冷器、散热器、冷却风扇、水泵、增湿器、混合器、循环泵、燃料电池堆、排水阀、水汽分离器和三通阀；1. A vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cell air supply system is characterized in that, comprising: an air cleaner, an air flow meter, an air compressor, an oxygen storage tank, a three-way proportional valve, an intercooler, a radiator, Cooling fans, water pumps, humidifiers, mixers, circulating pumps, fuel cell stacks, drain valves, water vapor separators and three-way valves; 所述车用质子交换膜燃料电池空气供应系统中，所述空气流量计通过送风管道一端与空气滤清器连接，另一端与空压机进风口相连，所述空压机出风口通过送风管道和三通比例阀的第一阀门连接，所述储氧气罐通过氧气管道与三通比例阀的第三阀门相连接，所述三通比例阀的第二阀门通过送风管道与中冷器的第二入口相连接，所述中冷器的第一入口通过冷却液管道与水泵的一端相连接，所述散热器的一端通过冷却液管道与水泵的另一端相连接，散热器的另一端通过冷却液管道与中冷器的第一出口相连接，所述冷却风扇装配于散热器后方，所述中冷器的第二出口通过送风管道与增湿器一端相连接，所述增湿器的另一端通过管道与混合器相连接，所述混合器又通过管道与燃料电池堆的阴极入口相连接，所述燃料电池堆的阴极出口通过管道与三通阀的第一阀门相连接，所述三通阀的第三阀门通过排风管道与增湿器相连接，所述三通阀的第二阀门通过管道与水汽分离器相连接，所述水汽分离器排水端通过管道与排水阀相连接，水汽分离器排气端通过排风管道与循环泵进气口相连接，所述循环泵的排气口通过排风管道与混合器相连接。In the proton exchange membrane fuel cell air supply system for vehicles, the air flow meter is connected to the air filter through one end of the air supply pipe, and the other end is connected to the air inlet of the air compressor, and the air outlet of the air compressor is connected to the air filter through the air supply pipe. The air pipeline is connected to the first valve of the three-way proportional valve, the oxygen storage tank is connected to the third valve of the three-way proportional valve through the oxygen pipeline, and the second valve of the three-way proportional valve is connected to the intercooler through the air supply pipeline. The first inlet of the intercooler is connected to one end of the water pump through the cooling liquid pipeline, one end of the radiator is connected to the other end of the water pump through the cooling liquid pipeline, and the other end of the radiator is connected to the second inlet of the radiator. One end is connected to the first outlet of the intercooler through a cooling liquid pipe, the cooling fan is assembled behind the radiator, and the second outlet of the intercooler is connected to one end of the humidifier through an air supply pipe. The other end of the humidifier is connected to a mixer through a pipeline, the mixer is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, and the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the first valve of the three-way valve through a pipeline , the third valve of the three-way valve is connected to the humidifier through the exhaust pipe, the second valve of the three-way valve is connected to the water vapor separator through the pipeline, and the drain end of the water vapor separator is connected to the water vapor separator through the pipeline. The valve is connected, the exhaust end of the water vapor separator is connected with the air inlet of the circulation pump through the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust port of the circulation pump is connected with the mixer through the exhaust pipe. 2.根据权利要求1所述的车用质子交换膜燃料电池空气供应系统，其特征在于，所述三通比例阀包括第一阀门、第二阀门和第三阀门，所述中冷器包括第一入口、第一出口、第二入口和第二出口，所述燃料电池堆包括阴极入口、阴极出口、阳极入口和阳极出口，所述三通阀包括第一阀门、第二阀门以及第三阀门。2 . The air supply system for a vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein the three-way proportional valve comprises a first valve, a second valve and a third valve, and the intercooler comprises a first valve 2 . an inlet, a first outlet, a second inlet and a second outlet, the fuel cell stack includes a cathode inlet, a cathode outlet, an anode inlet and an anode outlet, and the three-way valve includes a first valve, a second valve and a third valve . 3.一种车用质子交换膜燃料电池空气供应系统的工作方法，其特征在于，用于权利要求1或2所述的车用质子交换膜燃料电池空气供应系统，包括燃料电池低温预启动工作方法、正常行驶工况下燃料电池空气供应系统工作方法以及高海拔低氧工况下燃料电池空气供应系统的工作方法；3. A working method of an air supply system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for a vehicle, characterized in that, it is used for the air supply system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for a vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a low temperature pre-starting operation of the fuel cell Method, working method of fuel cell air supply system under normal driving condition, and working method of fuel cell air supply system under high altitude and low oxygen condition; 所述燃料电池低温预启动工作方法，其工作实现在于，当整车控制器检测到燃料电池处于低温的环境下，其控制冷却风扇不工作，控制空压机全功率运行，使环境空气经过空压机增压升温而不通过中冷器冷却后进入燃料电池堆，给燃料电池堆升温加热，所述燃料电池低温预启动工作方法起到了辅助加热的作用，实现了燃料电池堆的快速暖机，提高了燃料电池的寿命和系统运行的稳定性。The low temperature pre-start working method of the fuel cell is realized in that when the vehicle controller detects that the fuel cell is in a low temperature environment, it controls the cooling fan to not work, controls the air compressor to run at full power, and makes the ambient air pass through the air. The compressor pressurizes and heats up without being cooled by the intercooler, and then enters the fuel cell stack to heat up the fuel cell stack. The low-temperature pre-starting working method of the fuel cell plays an auxiliary heating role and realizes the rapid warm-up of the fuel cell stack. , improve the life of the fuel cell and the stability of the system operation. 4.根据权利要求3所述的车用质子交换膜燃料电池空气供应系统的工作方法，其特征在于，所述正常行驶工况下燃料电池空气供应系统的工作方法，其工作实现在于，当燃料电池汽车行驶在正常工况下，整车控制器控制三通比例阀的第一阀门和第二阀门导通，其第三阀门关闭，整车控制器控制三通阀的第一阀门和第三阀门导通，其第二阀门关闭，环境空气依次通过空气滤清器、空气流量计、空压机、三通比例阀、中冷器、增湿器和混合器过滤清洁、增压、冷却和增湿后流进燃料电池堆的阴极入口，未反应的环境空气和反应产物水从燃料电池堆阴极出口流经三通阀和增湿器后增湿排出。4 . The working method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell air supply system for a vehicle according to claim 3 , wherein the working method of the fuel cell air supply system under normal driving conditions is realized in that when the fuel When the battery vehicle is running under normal working conditions, the vehicle controller controls the first valve and the second valve of the three-way proportional valve to conduct, and the third valve is closed, and the vehicle controller controls the first valve and the third valve of the three-way valve. The valve is turned on, its second valve is closed, and the ambient air is filtered, cleaned, supercharged, cooled and filtered through the air filter, air flow meter, air compressor, three-way proportional valve, intercooler, humidifier and mixer. After humidification, it flows into the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the unreacted ambient air and reaction product water flow from the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack through the three-way valve and the humidifier, and then humidified and discharged. 5.根据权利要求3所述的车用质子交换膜燃料电池空气供应系统的工作方法，其特征在于，所述高海拔低氧工况下燃料电池空气供应系统的工作方法，其工作实现在于，当汽车行驶在高海拔低氧工况下，整车控制器控制三通比例阀的第三阀门和第二阀门导通，其第一阀门关闭，整车控制器控制三通阀的第一阀门和第二阀门导通，其第三阀门关闭，整车控制器控制空压机不工作，储氧气罐里的高压氧气依次通过三通比例阀、中冷器、增湿器和混合器冷却和增湿后流进燃料电池堆的阴极入口，未反应的高压氧气反应产物水从燃料电池堆阴极出口通过三通阀流进水汽分离器，分离后的水通过排水阀排出，分离后的高压氧气通过循环泵流入混合器，在与从增湿器流来的高压氧气混合后流进燃料电池堆的阴极入口，保证了储氧气罐里的高压氧气的充分利用。5. The working method of the PEM fuel cell air supply system for a vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the working method of the fuel cell air supply system under the high altitude and low oxygen condition is realized by: When the vehicle is driving under high altitude and low oxygen conditions, the vehicle controller controls the third valve and the second valve of the three-way proportional valve to conduct, the first valve is closed, and the vehicle controller controls the first valve of the three-way valve. It is connected to the second valve, the third valve is closed, the vehicle controller controls the air compressor to not work, and the high-pressure oxygen in the oxygen storage tank passes through the three-way proportional valve, the intercooler, the humidifier and the mixer in turn to cool and cool down. After humidification, it flows into the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the unreacted high-pressure oxygen reaction product water flows from the cathode outlet of the fuel cell stack to the water vapor separator through the three-way valve. The separated water is discharged through the drain valve, and the separated high-pressure oxygen It flows into the mixer through a circulating pump, and flows into the cathode inlet of the fuel cell stack after mixing with the high-pressure oxygen flowing from the humidifier, which ensures the full utilization of the high-pressure oxygen in the oxygen storage tank. 6.根据权利要求3所述的车用质子交换膜燃料电池空气供应系统的工作方法，其特征在于，根据整车控制器控制三通比例阀和三通阀的不同阀门之间的导通和关闭以及空压机的启停进而控制正常行驶工况下燃料电池空气供应系统的工作方法和高海拔低氧工况下燃料电池空气供应系统的工作方法的切换。6. The working method of the PEM fuel cell air supply system for a vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that, according to the vehicle controller, the conduction and the conduction between the three-way proportional valve and the different valves of the three-way valve are controlled. The shutdown and the start and stop of the air compressor control the switching of the working method of the fuel cell air supply system under normal driving conditions and the working method of the fuel cell air supply system under high altitude and low oxygen conditions.
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