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CN100388529C - 用于电蓄电池的热流动调节盖 - Google Patents

用于电蓄电池的热流动调节盖 Download PDF

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CN100388529C
CN100388529C CNB2004800049347A CN200480004934A CN100388529C CN 100388529 C CN100388529 C CN 100388529C CN B2004800049347 A CNB2004800049347 A CN B2004800049347A CN 200480004934 A CN200480004934 A CN 200480004934A CN 100388529 C CN100388529 C CN 100388529C
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布莱得·N·马蒂奥尔茨
约阿希姆·迪伦
京特·肯佩尔
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Abstract

一种温度调节盖(34、36、38)，用于电能蓄电池(30)上，其可以在短路条件的过程中在热点上产生热。所述盖包括可导热材料的第一层(34、36)，其被成形以顺应电能蓄电池的外表面(3)并将热从热点在表面区域之上展开，所述表面区域比热点更大。所述盖也包括热绝缘材料的第二层(38)，其被成形以顺应第一层的外表面(35)，并阻碍热流到第二层的外表面(39)。

Description

用于电蓄电池的热流动调节盖
技术领域
本发明涉及用于需要真正安全(IS)的电力设备的危险的工业场所中所使用的设备。特别是，本发明涉及提供电能蓄电池(storage cell)用的真正安全性。
背景技术
在过程自动工业中，通常具有比较危险的过程。为了防止由于设备错误所导致的意外事故，独立的机构认证设备为真正安全的(IS)。此认证的前提是无论在什么条件放电足以点燃危险气体、灰尘或者液体的设备缺陷也不会发生。随着电池技术的发展，蓄电池组电池(storage cell)能够在相同的包装尺寸中存储增大量的能量。这产生便携、电池动力的以及真正安全的设备。用于通过电池的测试的认证机构之一是电池的短路和其表面温度的测量。现在具有不同的温度分类，但是电池表面上没有点(spot)超出了分类的限制。例如，T4分类具有130度的限制。现代的电池典型地不能通过此测试，并超过了T4分类用的最大的允许温度。
需要一种方法和装置来让能量(energy)蓄电池和电池适于使用在必须达到真正安全标准的危险的工业场所中。
发明内容
公开了一种温度调节盖，用于使用在电能蓄电池上，其可以在短路条件的过程中在热点(hot spot)上产生热。盖包括第一层导热材料，其被成形以顺应电能蓄电池的外表面并将热从热点在比热点更大的表面区域之上展开。所述盖也包括第二层热绝缘材料，其被成形以顺应第一层的外表面，并阻碍热流到第二层的外表面。
根据本发明的一方面，提供了一种电能蓄电池的温度调节用盖，包括：
第一层导热材料，其被成形以顺应电能蓄电池的外表面；以及
第二层热绝缘材料，其被成形以顺应所述第一层导热材料的外表面，
所述盖覆盖电池外壳；所述盖的内侧材料包括包围外壳的两个半壳体，所述第二层材料覆盖所述第一层材料，导热材料的导热性优于所述外壳材料的导热性。
根据本发明的一方面，提供了一种使用在易燃环境中的电池装置，包括：多个电能蓄电池，每个电池通过被成形以顺应电能蓄电池的外表面的第一层导热材料所覆盖，所述第一层导热材料包括包围电池外壳的两个半壳体；以及通过被成形以顺应第一层的外表面的第二层热绝缘材料所覆盖；所述第二层热绝缘材料覆盖所述第一层导热材料，所述导热材料的导热性优于所述外壳材料的导热性；电连接导线；包括熔线的保护装置；以及电学互连，所述电学互连以串联电路的形式将多个电能蓄电池与保护装置和电连接导线相连接。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种覆盖电能蓄电池的方法，所述电能蓄电池在短路的条件的过程中产生热，包括：将电能蓄电池的外表面覆盖顺应电能蓄电池的外表面的第一层导热材料，所述第一层导热材料包括包围电池外壳的两个半壳体；提供第二层热绝缘材料；以及成形第二层以顺应第一层材料的外表面，所述第二层热绝缘材料覆盖所述第一层导热材料，且导热材料的导热性优于所述外壳材料的导热性。
附图说明
图1是说明在电能蓄电池上组装热流动调节盖的过程步骤；
图2-3说明了形成导热层的两个半壳体的主视和左视图；
图4-5显示了包括多个被覆盖的电能蓄电池的电池。
图6-8显示了来自电能蓄电池的外表面上热点的热流动。
具体实施方式
在如下所述的实施例中，电能蓄电池可以在短路条件的过程中在热点上产生热。热点具有超过真正安全(IS)温度限制的表面温度并具有点燃气体、灰尘或者诸如炼油厂的工业环境中易燃的液体的可能。热调节盖被提供以克服这种问题。
盖包括第一层导热材料，其将热流从热点在比热点更大的第一层的外表面的一部分之上扩散。第二层绝缘材料覆盖导热层并阻碍热流动到第二层的外表面。被覆盖的能量蓄电池的外表面低于导致燃烧的温度。
被覆盖的电池可以使用在需要真正安全的应用中，诸如用于对诸如数据获取单元或者口径测量器的手持便携工具提供动力的电池。
图1显示了将典型的热流动调节盖28组装到电能蓄电池30上的过程步骤20-24，其可能在短路测试的间隔过程中产生热。
在第一过程步骤20上，电池30被选择具有较高的能量存储密度以提供较长的电池寿命。电池30具有可以在短路条件下产生热点的圆柱形外表面31。在一个示例中，电池30可以是具有直径大约是16mm、长度大约是40mm的AA尺寸电池。其它尺寸的电池也可以被使用，电池可以是一次性电池或者充电电池。
在第二过程步骤22上，第一层材料34、36在圆柱形外表面31上组装。第一层材料34、36具有较高的比热容并热学可导。在一个示例中，第一层材料包括第一半壳体34以及第二半壳体36，它们被成形以顺应圆柱形外表面31。材料34、36的第一层覆盖外表面31。
在第三过程步骤24上，提供了第二层材料38。第二层材料38热学绝缘。第二层材料38被成形以顺应第一层材料34的外表面35。第二层材料38优选地是弹性的，并收缩在相对电池30的圆柱形外表面31的地方内牢固地保持第一层材料34、36。使用弹性材料用于第二层材料38避免了将干涉热流动的间隙的形成问题。第二层材料38是优选地商业上可获得的热收缩管(tubing)，其由橡胶或者热塑材料所形成。在一个实施例中，第二层材料38具有大约1mm的厚度。
图2-3显示了一起形成具有高导热层的两个半壳体34、36的主视图和侧视图。每个半壳体34、36具有大约半圆柱形形状，其尺寸符合电池31的外表面31。在半壳体34、36之间留下较小的间隙D以促进良好的配合和电池31与半壳体34、36之间的较好的热接触。较小的间距D可以大约是0.8mm，并且可以被选择以允许半壳体34、36在更高的温度上的热膨胀的空间。半壳体34、36优选地从具有大约1mm的壁厚的铝管所形成。铝具有热导率大约为4.9×10-2(Kcal/sec)/(m2)(℃/m)，铝具有比热大约0.219cal/(gram)(℃)。半壳体34、36也可以由铜所制造。铜具有热导率大约为9.2×10-2(Kcal/sec)/(m2)(℃/m)，以及铜具有大约0.093cal/(gram)(℃)的比热。其它具有适当的热导率的材料也可以被使用。
当电池30的表面31上具有热点时，第一层材料34、36将来自热点的热流在比热点大的第一层34的外表面的一部分上展开，同时材料的第二层38阻碍热流动到第二层38的外表面39。
在一个实施例中，层34、36、38的厚度被调节，这样在短路测试间距的过程中，第二层38的外表面的温度具有130度的最大测量温度或者更小。层34、36、38的厚度可以通过使用热有限元分析(FEA)、热测试或者热FEA和热测试的组合来选择。
图4-5显示了包括多个被覆盖的电能蓄电池52、54、56、58、60的电池50的一个示例。图4是电池的平面图，图5是电池的一部分的左视图。电池50被安置用于易燃环境中。
多个电能蓄电池52、54、56、58、60每个覆盖以热调节盖，如上结合图1-3所述。电学互连62、64、66、68是金属条，所述金属条被点焊到电池52、54、56、58、60以形成串联电路。保护装置70在电池60和负极电连接导线(connection lead)72之间串联连接。保护装置70通过折边(crimped)接合件71连接到电连接导线72。电连接导线72和保护装置70通过灌注(potting)混合物73固定在位。正极电连接导线74连接到电池52。
保护装置70优选地包括熔线，特别是可以使用PICO Fuse部件号265002。在短路测试的过程中，保护装置70可以被桥接以(临时短路)模拟缺陷条件。
电池52、54、56、58、60、保护装置70、互连62、64、66、68和导线72、74被安置在成形以提供机械支撑的塑料树脂壳体80中。塑料树脂壳体80包括安置在电池52-60和电学互连62-68之间安置的塑料树脂分离杆82、84、86、88以减小短路并提供额外的机械支撑。
图6-8分别显示了分别从电能蓄电池106、108、110的外表面上的热点100、102、104的热的流动。在图6-8中，热流用箭头示意显示，并且等温线用点划线示意显示。
在图6中，电池106上的热点100没有被覆盖，电池106的外表面112上的温度在短路测试的过程中超过了130度。未覆盖的电池106不适于使用在需要真正安全(IS)批准评定的工业环境中。
在图7中，电池108上的热点102用热绝缘材料114所覆盖。绝缘材料的外表面116上的表面温度在短路测试的过程中保持在130度之下，但是热点114被绝缘到这样的程度：其过热并且永久损坏电池108，这样证明不适合用于真正安全环境中。
在图8中，热点108覆盖以导热材料的第一层120和如上结合图1-3所述的热绝缘材料的第二层122。第一层120将来自热点104的热流在更大的表面区域上扩展，如图所示。每单位面积的表面的热流被减小。热流沿着电池的轴线和周向地扩展，这样可获得的用于热流的区域相当地变大。热绝缘层122限制了热流并进一步促进热通过导热层120扩展。外表面124上的温度保持低于130度，但是热很好地被散开，因为其在较大的区域上进行。电池110没有过分的加热，电池110可以使用在真正安全的环境中。
在短路测试的过程中出现在电池表面上的“热点”被有效地屏蔽与可燃物相接触。紧密接触的第一导热层用具有较高的热导率的材料围绕电池。此层将“热点”的热能分配到更大的表面区域上并由此减小最大的表面温度。紧密接触的第二层包围第一层材料。第二层材料具有较低的热传导系数。此材料用作第一层和周围环境之间的热绝缘体。各层的热导率值使得第二层材料的表面温度在所需的温度分类的值之下。
使用如上所述的盖布置高能密度电池可以使用在用于温度类T1-T4的区域1和2的危险区域中。盖可以使用在可充电电池以及一次性电池上。现代具有更大的内部容量的电池可以与本发明一起使用。这些现代电池包括在短路测试上达到了比允许批准更高表面温度的电池。所述盖调节热流并提供对具有较大的内部容量的电池的此问题的解决方案。同时一系列电池的布置已经被说明，普通技术人员可以理解也可以使用电池的并联布置。
尽管对本发明的一些实施例进行了说明，普通技术人员可以理解在不背离本发明的精神和原则的情况下可以对本发明进行修改和变化，其范围由所附权利要求书所限定。

Claims (12)

1.一种电能蓄电池的温度调节用盖，包括：
第一层导热材料，其被成形以顺应电能蓄电池的外表面；以及
第二层热绝缘材料，其被成形以顺应所述第一层导热材料的外表面，
所述盖覆盖电池外壳；所述盖的内侧材料包括包围外壳的两个半壳体，所述第二层材料覆盖所述第一层材料，导热材料的导热性优于所述外壳材料的导热性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的盖，其特征在于，第一层材料包括铝。
3.根据权利要求1所述的盖，其特征在于，第一层材料包括铜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的盖，其特征在于，第二层材料包括热缩管。
5.根据权利要求1所述的盖，其特征在于，第二层材料包括弹性材料。
6.一种使用在易燃环境中的电池装置，包括：
多个电能蓄电池，每个电池通过被成形以顺应电能蓄电池的外表面的第一层导热材料所覆盖，所述第一层导热材料包括包围电池外壳的两个半壳体；以及通过被成形以顺应第一层的外表面的第二层热绝缘材料所覆盖；所述第二层热绝缘材料覆盖所述第一层导热材料，所述导热材料的导热性优于所述外壳材料的导热性；
电连接导线；
包括熔线的保护装置；
以及
电学互连，所述电学互连以串联电路的形式将多个电能蓄电池与保护装置和电连接导线相连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电池装置，其特征在于，还包括：
塑料树脂壳体，其被成形以容纳多个被覆盖的电池和保护装置。
8.根据权利要求6所述的电池装置，其特征在于，塑料树脂壳体包括安置在电池和电学互连之间的塑料树脂分离杆以减少短路。
9.一种覆盖电能蓄电池的方法，所述电能蓄电池在短路的条件的过程中产生热，包括：
将电能蓄电池的外表面覆盖顺应电能蓄电池的外表面的第一层导热材料，所述第一层导热材料包括包围电池外壳的两个半壳体；
提供第二层热绝缘材料；以及成形第二层以顺应第一层材料的外表面，所述第二层热绝缘材料覆盖所述第一层导热材料，且导热材料的导热性优于所述外壳材料的导热性。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，第一层材料是铝。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，第一层材料是铜。
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，第二层材料是热缩管。
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