CN108901697A

CN108901697A - A kind of quenched cultural method of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize

Info

Publication number: CN108901697A
Application number: CN201810605389.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李云开; 王逍遥; 陈修之; 冯吉; 刘雅新
Original assignee: China Agricultural University
Current assignee: China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2018-06-13
Filing date: 2018-06-13
Publication date: 2018-11-30
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-13
Also published as: CN108901697B

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of quenched cultural methods of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize, for irrigation method existing during dry-farming direct-seeding rice cropping, irrigation volume, dose and Effects of Fertilization Frequency it is unreasonable etc. caused by soil oxygen content is poor, rice nutrient utilization rate is low, rice quality is low and low output the problems such as, realize dry-farming direct-seeding rice water-saving, volume increase, quenched effect.It is specific as follows：It is proposed the quenched drip irrigation system of dry-farming direct-seeding rice water-saving and regulation method that path is regulated to root zone water, fertilizer, gas microhabitat；Propose the drip irrigation system capillary emplacing mode and douche selection method adaptable with dry-farming direct-seeding rice growing-fertilising-trench digging-pipe laying-overlay film one and harvest entire mechanization；It provides towards the dry-farming direct-seeding rice root zone soil water, fertilizer (containing selenium fertilizer), gas coordinated regulation scheme and Critical Control threshold value, realizes the dry-farming direct-seeding rice root zone soil water, fertilizer, gas automation essence amount coordinated regulation.

Description

A kind of quenched cultural method of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural cultivation, more particularly, to a kind of quenched cultivation of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize Method.

Background technique

Rice is as the main cereal crops in China, and the demand in China is big, and total output reaches 1.8 × 10¹¹Kg, plantation Area accounts for 30% of total area under cultivation or so.Meanwhile rice field water consumption accounts for 65% or more of entire agricultural water.Rice is in tradition Irrigation method uses flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, border irrigation more, these method water consumption are big, and water consumption is up to 6000~9000m³·hm^-2, therefore not It is suitable for being widely applied in China.How to reduce the water consumption of rice, improve rice water and fertilizer utilization rate be one urgently It solves the problems, such as.In response to this problem, " shallow, wet, solarization " irrigation technique has been risen in the 1980s, this irrigation technique can be realized About 11%~39.6% is saved water, rice yield improves 1.1%~35%.The Surge Irrigation that American scholar proposes at the end of the eighties Irrigating (also referred to as surge flow irrigation) is to supply water by certain time interval to ditch or furrow, can reduce 32%~39% water consumption, but rice Effect of increasing production is unobvious.Chinese Scientists and Australian Scientists are irrigated in the control that the nineties tests, and need to only irrigate 2 to 6 It is secondary, 30.5% or so water resource can be saved, about 9% rice yield is improved.In the storage that the mountain areas such as Hunan Hubei utilize Rain irrigation technique is combined with above-mentioned technology, can water-saving 19.5%~22%, rice yield increase about 20%.

Dry-farming direct-seeding trickle irrigation rice cultivating technique provides an effective road to solve the problems, such as that rice cropping water consumption is big Diameter.Xinjiang Tianye (Group) Co., Ltd. Chen Lin et al. proposes under-film drip irrigation upland rice cultural method (application publication number： CN103733930A), drip irrigation is disclosed, this method propose include seed preparation, soil preparation, broadcast Kind, seedling management, irrigation management, fertilizing management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and etc., this more traditional rice cropping side of cultural method Method can save water resource, but yield is still declined, and rice quality is even more in urgent need to be improved, seriously hinder the technology and exist The large-scale promotion in the whole nation.Heilungkiang development in agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd of Shi Geng society proposes a kind of paddy rice in cold region live streaming trickle irrigation cultivation Culture method (CN106489636A) is provided this method propose including seed breeding, site preparation, sowing and field management method It is a kind of can to save water resource in the scheme of cold ground large-scale plantation rice, but what yield was declined, and to irrigation Water temperature is made that requirement, therefore is not suitable for large-scale promotion plantation.

In fact, it is multifactor coefficient as a result, the application of drip irrigation technique is that the collaboration of rice yield, quality, which is promoted, It carries out root zone water, fertilizer, gas collaboration essence amount to regulate and control to provide a basic platform, is also promoted and be possibly realized for the two collaboration.It is based on This, this patent constructs a kind of quenched trickle irrigation system of the dry-farming direct-seeding rice water-saving for being regulated to path with root zone water, fertilizer, gas microhabitat System and regulation method propose whole mechanical with dry-farming direct-seeding rice growing-fertilising-trench digging-pipe laying-overlay film one and harvest Change adaptable drip irrigation system capillary emplacing mode and douche selection method, provides towards dry-farming direct-seeding rice root region soil Water, fertilizer (containing selenium fertilizer), gas coordinated regulation scheme and Critical Control threshold value, realize dry-farming direct-seeding yield, quality and moisture, support Point utilization efficiency is substantially improved, and also gives more peculiar qualities such as rice selenium-rich, establishes a kind of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drop Fill water-saving quenched cultural method.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economizes Quenched cultural method, for irrigation method existing during dry-farming direct-seeding rice cropping, irrigation volume, dose and Effects of Fertilization Frequency The problems such as unreasonable equal caused soil oxygen content is poor, rice nutrient utilization rate is low, rice quality is low and low output, realizes drought Make direct seading rice it is water-saving, volume increase, quenched effect.It is specific as follows：

(1) propose to be regulated to root zone water, fertilizer, gas microhabitat the quenched drip irrigation system of dry-farming direct-seeding rice water-saving in path with Regulation method, to carry out root zone water, fertilizer, gas collaboration essence amount regulation provide a basic platform, regulation method be systemic circulation with Partial circulating combines, and guarantee pours water, the energy-efficient operation of air-entrained high efficiency, solves that rice cropping water use efficiency is low and dry-farming direct-seeding The problem of quality that the gas permeability of soil is insufficient in cultivation, nutrientuse efficiency is low and generates reduces；

(2) it proposes and dry-farming direct-seeding rice growing-fertilising-trench digging-pipe laying-overlay film one and harvest entire mechanization Adaptable drip irrigation system capillary emplacing mode and douche selection method, efficiently solves dry-farming direct-seeding rice entire mechanization To the destruction of drip irrigation zone product and the unfavorable problem of group's planting density in cultivation；

(3) it provides towards the dry-farming direct-seeding rice root zone soil water, fertilizer (containing selenium fertilizer), gas coordinated regulation scheme and critical control Threshold value processed realizes the dry-farming direct-seeding rice root zone soil water, fertilizer, gas automation essence amount coordinated regulation, efficiently solves and answer actually How this to irrigate, apply fertilizer, oxygenation and the problem of how to promote rice quality.

To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that：

A kind of drip irrigation system, including：Drip irrigation header system and trickle irrigation field system；

The drip irrigation header system includes：Water source, aerator, fertilizer apparatus, filter device, pump house 4, timer 9, water Table 10 and decision-making platform play for providing light water, micro-nano air-bubble and rich water and are handled data, received or sent out Instruction, real-time display data and the effect for issuing prompt information out；

Trickle irrigation field system includes：Branch pipe, hollow billet, moisture tester, dissolved oxygen tester and wireless signal transceiver, For being transferred to drip irrigation header system in real time to rice root zone irrigation fertilization, and by the water of soil root zone, gas data information；Institute Stating hollow billet includes：Hollow billet I 18 and hollow billet II 19；

The water source includes：Water tank I 1, water tank II 8, water tank I 1 are the water supply of micro-nano air-bubble, and water tank II 8 mentions for system For light water；The aerator includes：Micro-nano bubble generator 5；The decision-making platform includes：Flow monitoring meter 20, control Device 21 and wireless transmitter 22 processed；The fertilizer apparatus includes：Solenoid valve controller VI 12, solenoid valve controller VII 14 and pressure Differential fertilizer spreading tank 13；The filter device includes：Pressure gauge I 15, pressure gauge II 17 and filter 16；

The wireless transmitter 22 is connect with controller 21, and controller 21 is connect with flow monitoring meter 20, flow monitoring Meter 20 is connect with pump house 4, and water tank I 1 is connect with pump house 4 and micro-nano bubble generator 5 respectively, and micro-nano bubble generator 5 divides Do not connect with water tank II 8 and timer 9, timer 9 is connect with water meter 10, water meter 10 respectively with pressure gauge I 15 and solenoid valve control Device VI 12 processed connects, and solenoid valve controller VI 12 is connect with one end of pressure differential tank 13, pressure differential tank 13 it is another End is connect with solenoid valve controller VII 14, and solenoid valve controller VII 14 is connect with pressure gauge I 15, pressure gauge I 15 and filter 16 One end connection, the other end of filter 16 connect with pressure gauge II 17, and the pressure gauge II 17 is connect with branch pipe, if branch pipe and Dry hollow billet I 18 and hollow billet II 19 connect, and bury moisture tester, dissolved oxygen tester and wireless signal in the depths 9~10cm of soil Transceiver, moisture tester and dissolved oxygen tester are connected with wireless signal transceiver.

On the basis of above scheme, solenoid valve controller II 3 is equipped between the flow monitoring meter 20 and pump house 4, The water inlet of water tank I 1 is equipped with solenoid valve controller Ⅹ 23, and the water outlet of water tank I 1 is equipped with solenoid valve controller I 2；It is described Solenoid valve controller III 6 and solenoid valve controller IV 7 are successively arranged between micro-nano bubble generator 5 and water tank II 8；The water Solenoid valve controller V 11 is equipped between table 10 and pressure gauge I 15.

A kind of quenched cultural method of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize using above-mentioned drip irrigation system, including following step Suddenly：

(1) planting patterns of rice, film mulching method and hollow billet arrangement：

Planting patterns is the high 15cm~20cm in ridge, and ridge section is isosceles trapezoid, the long 90~95cm in trapezoidal upper bottom edge, away from ladder Four row upland rice are planted using the method for wide-and narrow-row in each 15~20cm plane in shape upper bottom edge, narrow row line-spacing is 15~20cm, wide row Line-spacing is 30~40cm, and for the paddy rice row on adjacent two ridge away from being 50~60cm, adjacent two plants of rice hill spacings are 15~18cm；

Hollow billet is arranged as one pipe of a film, four row of 20+40+20cm, and 5~10cm of hollow billet buried depth, the hollow billet is using the formula that postpones Dropper band, dropper band flow are 2.0~3.0L/h, and wall thickness is 0.2~0.3mm；

Film mulching method uses black mulch film, and film thickness 0.014mm when overlay film, is covered on ridge with the mode banketed, and Cladding thickness is the soil layer of 0.2~0.5cm on ridge, prevents sowing initial stage mulch from being blown off by wind,

(2) it is hung on tractor using sowing-fertilising-trench digging-pipe laying-film mulching integrated machine, completes the sowing of rice, increases It applies fertilizer to the subsoil, ditch, pipe laying and film coating operation, rice is precisely gathered in using GPS tractor；

(3) according to the difference of rice varieties, the physiological period of rice is set, formulates the rice root zone soil water, fertilizer, gas collaboration Regulation and control scheme, the rice root zone soil water, fertilizer, gas coordinated regulation scheme principle be not aerating when pouring water, aerating is forward and backward at least to be filled Water 15min, and fertilizer is dissolved using aerating water；

The rice root zone soil water, fertilizer, gas coordinated regulation scheme are as follows：

It after rice growing, is filled 2 times using the depth of water, after rice enters seedling stage, every 48h, which automatically turns on systemic circulation and pours water, to be added Gas, systemic circulation are poured water after aerating, are measured soil root zone moisture content using moisture tester, are lower than in soil root zone moisture content When each physiological period soil root zone moisture content lower limit of rice, opens partial circulating and pour water aerating；Rice is needed for different physiological periods Fertilizer amount is different, to improve utilization rate of fertilizer, to rice root zone accurate fertilizing.

On the basis of above scheme, the control bound of rice soil root zone moisture content in different physiological periods is distinguished For：

The insemination and emergence phase, soil root zone moisture content lower limit be control film under 10cm soil moisture control be FC 70%~ 75%；The soil root zone moisture content upper limit is FC；

Early tillering stage, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 0~20cm root layer soil moisture is the 85% of FC；Soil root Area's moisture content upper limit is FC；

Middle of tillering, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 0~20cm root layer soil moisture is the 80% of FC；Soil root Area's moisture content upper limit is FC；

Late tillering state, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 0~20cm root layer soil moisture is the 70% of FC；Soil root Area's moisture content upper limit is FC；

Jointing-booting stage, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 0~20cm root layer soil moisture is the 90% of FC；Soil The root zone moisture content upper limit is FC；

Booting later period, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 0~30cm root layer soil moisture is the 95% of FC；Soil root Area's moisture content upper limit is FC；

Heading flowering period, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 0~30cm root layer soil moisture is the 90% of FC；Soil The root zone moisture content upper limit is FC；

Maturity period, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 0~30cm root layer soil moisture is the 75% of FC, soil root zone The moisture content upper limit is FC.

On the basis of above scheme, rice is as follows in different physiological period fertilizer applications：

The insemination and emergence phase：4.4~5kg/ mus of urea, 8.0~8.5kg/ mus of phosphoric acid diamines, 6.6~7kg/ mus of potassium sulfate；

Tillering stage：9.5~10kg/ mus of urea；3~3.5kg/ mus of micro-current growth promoter；

Jointing-booting stage：8~10kg/ mus of urea, 4.5~5kg/ mus of potassium sulfate；

Heading flowering period：2~3kg/ mus of urea, 0.2~0.3kg/ mus of phosphoric acid diamines.

On the basis of above scheme, dripped altogether in Rice Heading blooming stage and apply 3 chelating selenium, drop apply concentration for 0.35~ 0.42kg/hm², select drip in the sunny morning to apply.

On the basis of above scheme, after rice growing, the step of being filled using the depth of water, is：

Step A1：Solenoid valve controller IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11 are opened, water enters pipeline by water tank II 8 and flows into Trickle irrigation field system drips and applies 150min, and after 150min, out code is sent to electricity by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Magnetic valve controller IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11 are no longer poured water to trickle irrigation field system at this time, while utilizing moisture tester Redeterminate a soil root zone moisture content；

Step A2：If soil root zone moisture content reaches soil root zone moisture content lower limit, stopping is poured water；If not up to soil Root zone moisture content lower limit, then repeatedly step A1.

On the basis of above scheme, the systemic circulation pour water aerating the specific steps are：

Step B1：Micro-nano air-bubble aerating preparation：Opens solenoid valve controller Ⅹ 23, I 2 and of solenoid valve controller Solenoid valve controller II 3, the water flow in water tank I 1 provide power by pump house 4 and enter micro-nano bubble generator 5 by pipeline, follow Ring to micro-nano bubble water concentration reaches 7~9mg/L；

Step B2：Check whether filter device blocks：Solenoid valve controller IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11 are opened, is made Water in water tank II 8 enters in pipeline, and adjusting aperture makes the reading 0.06MPa of pressure gauge II 17, if pressure gauge I 15 and pressure The difference of reading of table II 17 is more than 0.02MPa, then closes solenoid valve controller IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11, while cleaning Filter 16；

Step B3：With light water springy land：Open timer 9, solenoid valve controller IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11, solenoid valve controller III 6 is closed, enters the water in water tank II 8 in pipeline, timer 9 starts timing, to trickle irrigation field system Unite the 15min that pours water,

Step B4：Drop applies micro-nano air-bubble：Out code is sent to electricity by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Open instructions is sent to solenoid valve controller III 6 by magnetic valve controller IV 7, and micro-nano air-bubble is flowed by main pipeline at this time Trickle irrigation field system, and drip and apply in rice root zone, at this time 9 reclocking of timer, the micro-nano air-bubble 90min of trickle irrigation；

Step B5：Terminate systemic circulation to pour water aerating：Out code is sent to by controller 21 by wireless transmitter 22 Solenoid valve controller III 6, and opens solenoid valve controller IV 7, the water in water tank II 8 enter pipeline and flow into trickle irrigation field system, Drop applies 75min, and controller 21 issues out code after 75min, and solenoid valve is issued in out code by wireless transmitter 22 Controller Ⅹ 23, solenoid valve controller I 2, solenoid valve controller II 3, solenoid valve controller III 6, solenoid valve controller IV 7, electricity Magnetic valve controller V 11, systemic circulation aerating of pouring water terminate.

On the basis of above scheme, partial circulating is poured water, and specific step is as follows for aerating：

Step Ba1：Open instructions is issued magnetic valve controller Ⅹ 23, solenoid valve by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Controller I 2, solenoid valve controller III 6 and solenoid valve controller V 11, timer 9 start timing, the micro-nano air-bubble of trickle irrigation 15min；

Step Ba2：Drop applies light water：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Device Ⅹ 23, solenoid valve controller I 2 and solenoid valve controller III 6 processed, are sent to solenoid valve controller IV 7, timing for open instructions Device 9 restarts timing, and the water in water tank II 8 enters pipeline and flows into trickle irrigation field system, dripping irrigation water 15min；

Step Ba3：Redeterminate soil moisture content：Controller 21 is sent out code to by wireless transmitter 22 Solenoid valve controller IV 7 then stops pouring water, and redeterminates a soil root zone moisture content；

Step Ba4：If soil root zone moisture content reaches soil root zone moisture content lower limit, stopping is poured water；If not up to soil Earth root zone moisture content lower limit, then repeatedly step Ba2, Ba3, Ba4.

On the basis of above scheme, it is to the step of rice root zone accurate fertilizing：

Step C1：Micro-nano air-bubble aerating preparation：Opens solenoid valve controller Ⅹ 23, I 2 and of solenoid valve controller Solenoid valve controller II 3, the water flow in water tank I 1 provide power by pump house 4 and enter micro-nano bubble generator 5 by pipeline, follow Ring to micro-nano bubble water concentration reaches 7~9mg/L；

Step C2：Mix micro-nano air-bubble and fertilizer：Open solenoid valve controller III 6, VI 12 and of solenoid valve controller Solenoid valve controller VII 14 sufficiently dissolves fertilizer in pressure differential tank 13；

Step C3：Check whether filter device blocks：Controller 21 is sent out code by wireless transmitter 22 To solenoid valve controller III 6, solenoid valve controller VI 12 and solenoid valve controller VII 14, open command is sent to solenoid valve control Device IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11 processed, enter the water in water tank II 8 in pipeline, and adjusting aperture makes the reading of pressure gauge II 17 Number closes solenoid valve controller IV 7 if the difference of reading of pressure gauge I 15 and pressure gauge II 17 is more than 0.02MPa for 0.06MPa With solenoid valve controller V 11, while filter 16 is cleaned；

Step C4：Rice field is moistened with light water：Open command is sent to meter by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 When device 9, solenoid valve controller IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11, the water in water tank II 8 dripped by hollow billet I 18 and hollow billet II 19 It applies in rice root 20min；

Step C5：Drop fertilising material：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Open command is sent to solenoid valve controller VI 12, solenoid valve controller VII 14 and electricity by device IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11 Magnetic valve controller III 6, until drop has applied fertilizer；

Step C6：Drop applies light water：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Open command is sent to IV 7 He of solenoid valve controller by device III 6, solenoid valve controller VI 12 and solenoid valve controller VII 14 processed Solenoid valve controller V 11, the water in water tank II 8 are applied by hollow billet I 18 and the drop of hollow billet II 19 in rice root 15min；

Step C7：Stop fertilising：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Device I 2, solenoid valve controller II 3, solenoid valve controller IV 7, solenoid valve controller V 11 and solenoid valve controller Ⅹ 23.

On the basis of above scheme, applying the step of Ao closes selenium to rice root zone drop is：

Step D1：Micro-nano air-bubble aerating preparation：Opens solenoid valve controller Ⅹ 23, I 2 and of solenoid valve controller Solenoid valve controller II 3, the water flow in water tank I 1 provide power by pump house 4 and enter micro-nano bubble generator 5 by pipeline, follow Ring to micro-nano bubble water concentration reaches 7~9mg/L；

Step D2：It mixes micro-nano air-bubble and Ao closes selenium：Open solenoid valve controller III 6, solenoid valve controller VI 12 With solenoid valve controller VII 14, in pressure differential tank 13 dissolution chelating selenium, adjust to chelating selenium concentration be 0.35~ 0.42kg/hm²；

Step D3：Check whether filter device blocks：Controller 21 is sent out code by wireless transmitter 22 To solenoid valve controller III 6, solenoid valve controller VI 12 and solenoid valve controller VII 14, open command is sent to solenoid valve control Device IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11 processed, enter the water in water tank II 8 in pipeline, and adjusting aperture makes the reading of pressure gauge II 17 Number closes solenoid valve controller IV 7 if the difference of reading of pressure gauge I 15 and pressure gauge II 17 is more than 0.02MPa for 0.06MPa With solenoid valve controller V 11, while filter 16 is cleaned；

Step D4：Wet rice field：Open command is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Device IV 7, solenoid valve controller V 11 and timer 9, the water in water tank II 8 are applied by hollow billet I 18 and the drop of hollow billet II 19 in rice Root system 15min；

Step D5：Drop applies micro-nano air-bubble：Out code is sent to electricity by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Open command is sent to solenoid valve controller III 6 by magnetic valve controller IV 7, is started drop and is applied micro-nano air-bubble 20min；

Step D6：Drop applies Ao and closes selenium：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Open command is sent to solenoid valve controller VI 12 and solenoid valve controller VII 14 by device V 11 processed, is started drop and is applied chelating selenium, directly Selenium concentration is chelated in tank is down to 0.005~0.006kg/hm²；

Step D7：Drop applies micro-nano bubble aerating water：Controller 21 is sent out code by wireless transmitter 22 To solenoid valve controller VI 12 and solenoid valve controller VII 14, open command is sent to solenoid valve controller III 6, solenoid valve control Device V 11 and timer 9 processed, drop apply micro-nano bubble aerating water 10min；

Step D8：Drop applies light water：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Device Ⅹ 23, solenoid valve controller I 2, solenoid valve controller II 3 and solenoid valve controller III 6 processed, are sent to electromagnetism for open command Valve control IV 7, the water in water tank II 8 are applied by hollow billet I 18 and the drop of hollow billet II 19 in rice root 15min；

Step D9：Stop fertilising：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Device IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11.

On the basis of above scheme, when pour water aerating with applying fertilizer to rice, dissolved oxygen is measured by dissolved oxygen tester Content, and controller 21 is transferred data to by wireless signal transceiver, if dissolved oxygen amount is lower than 5~6mg/L, drip irrigation system System is automatically stopped pour water aerating and fertilising；Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Device III 6 is recirculated to after micro-nano bubble water concentration reaches 7~9mg/L, drip irrigation in micro-nano bubble generator 5 System automatically turns on pour water aerating and fertilising.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention has following attached drawing：

Fig. 1 dry-farming direct-seeding rice cropping schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 drip irrigation system schematic of the present invention.

In figure：1- water tank I；2- solenoid valve controller I；3- solenoid valve controller II, 4- pump house；The micro-nano bubble of 5- occurs Device；6- solenoid valve controller III；7- solenoid valve controller IV；8- water tank II；9- timer；10- water meter；11- solenoid valve control Device V；12- solenoid valve controller VI；13- pressure differential tank；14- solenoid valve controller VII；15- pressure gauge I；16- filtering Device；17- pressure gauge II；18- hollow billet I；19- hollow billet II；20- flow monitoring meter；21- controller；22- wireless transmitter；23- Solenoid valve controller Ⅹ.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with attached drawing, invention is further described in detail.

According to Fig. 1-2, a kind of quenched cultural method of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize is described in detail.

General thought

Firstly, the phenomenon that comprehensive tradition dry-farming direct-seeding rice yield decline, quality reduce, proposes a kind of drip irrigation system (as shown in Figure 2) and regulation method.Drip irrigation system is by water-saving quenched drip irrigation header system and water-saving quenched trickle irrigation field system group At.Drip irrigation header system is put down by water source, aerator, fertilizer apparatus, filter device, pump house 4, timer 9, water meter 10 and decision Platform composition, plays the role of integrated information, makes a policy.Trickle irrigation field system is surveyed by branch pipe, hollow billet, moisture tester, dissolved oxygen It tries the part such as instrument and wireless signal transceiver to form, it drips Shi Shui, fertilizer, gas to root system, and the water, fertilizer, gas for collecting soil root zone are real When information and be transferred to drip irrigation header system.Poor for traditional dry-farming direct-seeding rice field gas permeability of soil, rice root zone is oxygen-containing Characteristic low, that utilization rate of fertilizer is low is measured, the tune for applying micro-nano air-bubble improvement root region soil environment to rice root zone drop is proposed Prosecutor method.The volume ratio control of water, micro-nano air-bubble is 1 by regulation method:1, it is applied to root zone before aerating, after aerating Water extends oxygen in root zone residence time, and rice root zone is abundant by oxygen.Regulation method simultaneously propose pour water aerating systemic circulation and Partial circulating combines, and improves moisture, oxygen utilization rate.To reduce trickle irrigation in dry-farming direct-seeding rice entire mechanization cultivation Destruction with product, reasonable to improve group's planting density, invention gives 5~10cm of buried depth, the hollow billet of one film of a pipe, four row Laying mode simultaneously selects flow to be cast formula dropper band as douche for 2.0~3.0L/h.Root zone water, the fertilizer provided is invented (to contain Selenium), gas coordinated regulation method and threshold value, solve rice quality decline that traditional dry-farming direct-seeding rice cultivating technique brings out, produce The problem of decline is measured, while assigning rice more qualities.Concrete operation step is as follows：

(1) the quenched drip irrigation system of dry-farming direct-seeding rice water-saving and method

The quenched drip irrigation system of dry-farming direct-seeding rice water-saving is by the quenched drip irrigation header system of dry-farming direct-seeding rice water-saving and dry farming The water-saving quenched trickle irrigation field system two parts composition of direct seading rice.Dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation system stem (as shown in Figure 2) by Water source (water tank I 1, water tank II 8), aerator (micro-nano bubble generator 5), decision-making platform (flow monitoring meter 20, controller 21, wireless transmitter 22), fertilizer apparatus (solenoid valve controller VI 12, solenoid valve controller VII 14, pressure differential tank 13), filter device (pressure gauge I 15, pressure gauge II 17, filter 16) forms, for providing water, micro-nano air-bubble and fertilizer Water plays the role of handling data, received or being issued instruction, real-time display data and issues prompt information.

Water source flows into main pipeline by water tank I 1 and gives power by pump house 4.Decision-making platform controls pump house 4.Water flow is in main pipeline Inside flow through micro-nano bubble generator 5.Water tank II 8 provides water source for lesser circulation.Timer 9 connects to be counted on main pipeline When, water meter 10 is flowed through, and split into two pipelines behind, in an access pressure differential tank 13, another can be by complete Water in portion's main pipeline, water flow are co-flowed into filter after flowing through solenoid valve controller VII 14 and solenoid valve controller V 11 16, it flows into drought and sits in the system of direct seading rice dropper field.

Dry-farming direct-seeding rice trickle irrigation field system is received by branch pipe, hollow billet, moisture tester, dissolved oxygen tester and wireless signal Device composition (as shown in Figure 1) is sent out, plays to rice root zone irrigation fertilization, collects root region soil moisture content, root region soil dissolved oxygen amount The effect of data.

The quenched cultural method of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize uses the novel drip irrigation system, is followed using systemic circulation with small The mode that ring combines carries out aerating irrigation, and the specific method is as follows：

After planting, deep irrigation water is carried out.

Step A2：If soil root zone moisture content reaches soil root zone moisture content lower limit, stopping is poured water；If not up to soil Root zone moisture content lower limit, then repeatedly step is 1..

After entering seedling stage, every 48h automatically turns on systemic circulation, the specific steps are：

Step B1：Micro-nano air-bubble aerating preparation.Opens solenoid valve controller Ⅹ 23, I 2 and of solenoid valve controller II controller 3 of solenoid valve controller, the water flow in water tank I 1 provide power by pump house 4 and enter the generation of micro-nano bubble by pipeline Device 5 is recycled to micro-nano bubble water concentration and reaches 7~9mg/L.

Step B2：Check whether filter device blocks.Solenoid valve controller IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11 are opened, is made Water in water tank II 8 enters in pipeline, and adjusting aperture makes the reading 0.06MPa of pressure gauge II 17 (at this point, if pressure gauge I 15 Difference of reading with pressure gauge II 17 is more than 0.02MPa, then closes solenoid valve controller IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11, simultaneously Clean filter 16.

Step B3：Springy land.Open timer 9, solenoid valve controller IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11, close electricity Magnetic valve controller III 6 enters the water in water tank II 8 in pipeline.Timer 9 starts timing, pours water to trickle irrigation field system 15min,

Step B4：Drop applies micro-nano air-bubble：Out code is sent to electricity by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Open instructions is sent to solenoid valve controller III 6 and solenoid valve controller V 11, at this time micro-nano gas by magnetic valve controller IV 7 It is soaked that trickle irrigation field system is flowed by main pipeline, and drip and apply in rice root zone, at this time 9 reclocking of timer, trickle irrigation micro-nano Rice air-bubble 90min.

Start step B5：Terminate systemic circulation：Out code is sent to electromagnetism by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Valve control III 6, and opens solenoid valve controller IV 7, the water in water tank II 8 enter pipeline and flow into trickle irrigation field system, and drop is applied Controller 21 issues out code after 75min, 75min, and solenoid valve control is issued in out code by wireless transmitter 22 Device Ⅹ 23, solenoid valve controller I 2, solenoid valve controller II 3, solenoid valve controller III 6, solenoid valve controller IV 7, solenoid valve Controller V 11, systemic circulation terminates.

Partial circulating is opened immediately, soil moisture content is measured by moisture tester shown in Fig. 1, data is passed through wireless Signal transceiver is sent to controller 21, and controller 21 analyzes the data received, when soil moisture content is lower than each When the minimum moisture content of physiological period, partial circulating the specific steps are：

Step Ba1：Open instructions is issued magnetic valve controller Ⅹ 23, solenoid valve by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Controller I 2, solenoid valve controller III 6 and solenoid valve controller V 11, timer 9 start timing, the micro-nano air-bubble of trickle irrigation 15min,

Step Ba2：Drop applies light water：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Device Ⅹ 23, solenoid valve controller I 2 and solenoid valve controller III 6 processed, are sent to solenoid valve controller IV 7, timing for open instructions Device 9 restarts timing, and the water in water tank II 8 enters pipeline and flows into trickle irrigation field system, dripping irrigation water 15min,

Step Ba3：Redeterminate soil moisture content：Controller 21 is sent out code to by wireless transmitter 22 Solenoid valve controller IV 7 then stops pouring water, and redeterminates a soil root zone moisture content.

To rice root zone accurate fertilizing the specific steps are：

Step C1：Micro-nano air-bubble aerating preparation：Opens solenoid valve controller Ⅹ 23, I 2 and of solenoid valve controller II controller 3 of solenoid valve controller, the water flow in water tank I 1 provide power by pump house 4 and enter the generation of micro-nano bubble by pipeline Device 5 is recycled to micro-nano bubble water concentration and reaches 7~9mg/L.

Step C2：Mix micro-nano air-bubble and fertilizer：Open solenoid valve controller III 6, VI 12 and of solenoid valve controller Solenoid valve controller VII 14 sufficiently dissolves fertilizer in pressure differential tank 13.

Step C3：Check whether filter device blocks：Controller 21 is sent out code by wireless transmitter 22 To solenoid valve controller III 6, solenoid valve controller VI 12 and solenoid valve controller VII 14.Open command is sent to solenoid valve control Device IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11 processed, enter the water in water tank II 8 in pipeline, and adjusting aperture makes the reading of pressure gauge II 17 Number is that 0.06MPa (at this point, if the difference of reading of pressure gauge I 15 and pressure gauge II 17 is more than 0.02MPa, closes solenoid valve control Device IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11, while cleaning filter 16.

Step C4：Rice field is moistened with light water：Open command is sent to meter by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 When device 9, solenoid valve controller IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11.Water in water tank II 8 is dripped by hollow billet I 18 and hollow billet II 19 It applies in rice root 20min.

Step C5：Drop fertilising material：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Open command is sent to solenoid valve controller VI 12 and solenoid valve controller VII 14 by device IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11, electricity Magnetic valve controller III 6, until drop has applied fertilizer.

Step C6：Drop applies light water：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Open command is sent to IV 7 He of solenoid valve controller by device III 6, solenoid valve controller VI 12 and solenoid valve controller VII 14 processed Solenoid valve controller V 11, the water in water tank II 8 are applied by hollow billet I 18 and the drop of hollow billet II 19 in rice root 15min.

Applying the step of chelating selenium to rice root zone drop is：

Step D1：Prepare micro-nano air-bubble aerating preparation：Opens solenoid valve controller Ⅹ 23, solenoid valve controller I 2, solenoid valve controller II 3.Water flow in water tank I 1 provides power by pump house 4 and enters micro-nano bubble generator by pipeline 5, it is recycled to micro-nano bubble water concentration and reaches 7~9mg/L.

Step D2：It mixes micro-nano air-bubble and Ao closes selenium：Open solenoid valve controller III 6, solenoid valve controller VI 12 With solenoid valve controller VII 14, the dissolution chelating selenium in pressure differential tank 13, adjusting to chelating concentration is 0.35~0.42kg/ hm²。

Step D3：Check whether filter device blocks：Controller 21 is sent out code by wireless transmitter 22 To solenoid valve controller III 6, solenoid valve controller VI 12 and solenoid valve controller VII 14.Open command is sent to solenoid valve control Device IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11 processed, enter the water in water tank II 8 in pipeline, and adjusting aperture makes the reading of pressure gauge II 17 Number is 0.06MPa, at this point, closing solenoid valve control if the difference of reading of pressure gauge I 15 and pressure gauge II 17 is more than 0.02MPa Device IV 7 and solenoid valve controller V 11, while cleaning filter 16.

Step D4：Wet rice field：Open command is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Device IV 7, solenoid valve controller V 11 and timer 9.Water in water tank II 8 is applied by hollow billet I 18 and the drop of hollow billet II 19 in rice Root system 15min.

Step D5：Drop applies micro-nano air-bubble：Out code is sent to electricity by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Open command is sent to solenoid valve controller III 6 by magnetic valve controller IV 7, is started drop and is applied micro-nano air-bubble 20min.

Step D6：Drop applies Ao and closes selenium：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Device V 11 processed.Open command is sent to solenoid valve controller VI 12 and solenoid valve controller VII 14, starts drop and applies chelating selenium, directly Selenium concentration is chelated in tank is down to 0.005~0.006kg/hm²。

Step D7：Drop applies micro-nano bubble aerating water：Controller 21 is sent out code by wireless transmitter 22 To solenoid valve controller VI 12 and solenoid valve controller VII 14, open command is sent to solenoid valve controller III 6, solenoid valve control Device V 11 and timer 9 processed, drop apply micro-nano steam bubble aerating water 10min.

Step D8：Drop applies light water：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21 Device Ⅹ 23, solenoid valve controller I 2, solenoid valve controller II 3 and solenoid valve controller III 6 processed.Open command is sent to electromagnetism Valve control IV 7, the water in water tank II 8 are applied by hollow billet I 18 and the drop of hollow billet II 19 in rice root 15min.

On the basis of above scheme, when pour water aerating with applying fertilizer to rice, dissolved oxygen is measured by dissolved oxygen tester Content, and data are transmitted to controller 21 by wireless signal transceiver, if dissolved oxygen amount is lower than 5~6mg/L, drip irrigation system It is automatically stopped aerating of pouring water.

Out code is sent to solenoid valve controller III 6 by wireless transmitter 22 by controller 21, in micro-nano gas It is recirculated in bubble generator 5 after micro-nano bubble water concentration reaches 7~9mg/L, the automatic opening of drip irrigation system is poured water Aerating and fertilising.

(2) dry-farming direct-seeding rice root zone liquid manure gas microhabitat desirable regulation body constructs

Regulation body is made of drip irrigation zone, ridge, mulch, dissolved oxygen tester and soil moisture tester, wireless signal transmitting-receiving dress Set (as shown in Figure 1).It selects curtain coating formula dropper band that can reduce emitter clogging probability, improves uniformity of pouring water.Drip irrigation zone is suitable for stream Amount is 2.0~3.0L/h, is suitable for wall thickness for 0.2~0.3mm, buried depth is 5~10cm.Play Jiang Shui, fertilizer (containing selenium fertilizer), pneumatic transmission extremely The effect of rice root zone.

High 15cm~the 20cm in ridge, ridge section are isosceles trapezoid.Long 90~the 95cm in trapezoidal upper bottom edge, each away from trapezoidal upper bottom edge In 15~20cm plane using wide-and narrow-row method plant four row upland rice, narrow row line-spacing be 15~20cm, wide row line-spacing be 30~ 40cm, away from for 50~60cm, adjacent two plants of rice hill spacings are 15~18cm for paddy rice row on adjacent two ridge.It is reasonable that the method passes through Dense planting improves the yield of rice.

Using black mulch film, film thickness 0.014mm.When overlay film, it is covered on ridge with the mode banketed, and covered on ridge With a thickness of the soil layer of 0.2~0.5cm, prevent sowing initial stage mulch from being blown off by wind.

Soil moisture tester, dissolved oxygen tester and wireless signal transceiver three dresses are buried in the depths 9~10cm of soil It sets.By soil moisture tester testing soil moisture, dissolved oxygen tester measures soil root zone dissolved oxygen amount, and transmits data to Decision-making platform.

(3) drip irrigation system capillary emplacing mode and douche selection method

According to the laying mode of hollow billet, selection disposably carries out hair using sowing-fertilising-trench digging-pipe laying-film mulching integrated machine Pipe is laid, sows, increasing the work such as base fertilizer.Capillary emplacing be (20+40+20) cm one pipe of a film, four row, hollow billet buried depth 5~ 10cm。

With curtain coating formula dropper band, the anti-blockage capability of douche can be improved, improve uniformity of pouring water.Dropper band flow be It is 0.2~0.3mm that 2.0~3.0L/h, which is suitable for wall thickness,.

Meanwhile proposing the entire mechanization cultural method being adapted with capillary emplacing method, with vernalization seed soaking machine vernalization, make The sowing of rice is completed with sowing-pipe laying-fertilising-trench digging-pipe laying-film mulching integrated machine, essence is carried out to rice using GPS tractor Quasi- harvesting；The method of entire mechanization can reduce the proportion of goods damageds of dropper band, make cultivation refine, can be improved rice quality and Yield.

(4) root region soil water, fertilizer, gas coordinated regulation scheme and Critical Control threshold value

According to the difference of rice varieties, the physiological period of rice is set.Coordinated regulation scheme principle is not aerating when pouring water, and is added At least pour water 15min before and after gas, and using aerating water dissolution fertilizer (containing selenium fertilizer), the root region soil water of formation, fertilizer, gas collaboration are adjusted Prosecutor case is as follows：

After planting, filled 2 times using the depth of water.After rice enters seedling stage, soil is measured using wireless soil moisture tester Moisture content start to be poured water aerating with partial circulating when soil moisture content is lower than the minimum water content of each physiological period.

For rice in different times, soil moisture content control interval is shown in Table 1 (wherein FC is field capacity)

1 Rice irrigation soil root zone moisture control bound of table

Rice is different in different bearing period institute's fertilizer requirement, to improve utilization rate of fertilizer, to root zone accurate fertilizing, proposes such as The institute of rice shown in the following table 2 fertilizer requirement：

Rice is shown in Table in different bearing period fertilizer applications

2 fertilization of rice scheme of table

Note：3~3.5kg/ mus of micro-current growth promoter are affixed by tillering stage.

On the basis of above-mentioned fertigation scheme, chelating selenium is applied to rice root drop using drip irrigation system.It is taken out in rice Ear period, which is dripped altogether, to be applied 3 times.It is required that chelating selenium is dissolved in pressure differential tank 13, it is 0.35~0.42kg/hm that drop, which applies concentration,²。 Selection carries out drop in the sunny morning and applies.It should be noted that pressure differential tank should be dealt carefully with after drop applies selenium-rich Water in 13 prevents remaining selenium contamination environment in tank.

Embodiment：About 4.5 mu of Jingxi district rice are planted in experiment station of China Agricultural University of housework fruit village in Tongzhou District, Beijing City.It adopts With the quenched cultural method of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize.

The full pipe-line system for arranging field first, specifically includes：Branch pipe, hollow billet, ridge, mulch, dissolved oxygen tester, the soil water Divide tester, dissolved oxygen tester, wireless signal transceiver composition.

Main pipe connects 1 branch pipe, and branch pipe connects 42 hollow billets.Main pipe caliber is 110mm, and branch pipe is using caliber The PE pipeline of 35mm；Selection flow is 3.0L/h, and wall thickness is the curtain coating formula drip irrigation zone of 0.2mm as hollow billet, and hollow billet length is 78m.Overpressure is controlled when pouring water and (when irrigation fertilization, after stable reading, observes the pressure at filter both ends in 0.06MPa Power table stops pouring water when two meter readings differ 0.03~0.04MPa, cleans filter).

The a height of 15cm in ridge, ridge section are isosceles trapezoid.The trapezoidal long 90cm in upper bottom edge, away from each 15cm plane in trapezoidal upper bottom edge On four row upland rice are planted using the method for wide-and narrow-row, narrow row line-spacing is 20cm, and wide row line-spacing is 40cm, the rice on adjacent two ridge Line-spacing is 60cm, and adjacent two plants of rice hill spacings are 16cm.The method improves the yield of rice by rational close planting.In control volume Upper overlay film, using black mulch film, film thickness 0.014mm.When overlay film, film is covered on ridge with the mode banketed, and is covered on ridge Cover the soil layer with a thickness of 0.3cm.

Three soil moisture tester, dissolved oxygen tester and wireless signal transceiver devices are buried at soil 9cm.Pass through Soil moisture tester testing soil moisture, dissolved oxygen tester measure soil root zone dissolved oxygen amount, and it is flat to transmit data to decision Platform.

The sowing of rice is completed using sowing-pipe laying-fertilising-trench digging-pipe laying-film mulching integrated machine.Cropping pattern is 1 film 1 4 row of pipe (20+40+20) cm, 5kg/ mus of the amount of sowing, seed seed level 3cm, 4, every cave, hill spacing 16cm, it is desirable that grading, earthing Tightly without bright kind；

Rice is precisely gathered in using GPS tractor

Water, fertilizer, gas Collaborative Control application method be：

It pours water aerating dosage：After planting deep irrigation water 1 time, fills 2 times after emergence, after planting deep irrigation water 65m³/ mu, it is total after emergence Pour water 18m³/ mu twice, light water 9m³/ mu, aerating water 9m³/ mu.Insemination and emergence phase soil moisture controls 10cm soil layer water under film Sub-control is made as the 70%~75% of FC, and soil moisture upper control limit is FC.Tillering stage：Trickle irrigation 4 times.Pour water 32m every time³/ mu, it is general Water flowing 16m³/ mu, aerating water 16m³/ mu,.The control of 0~20cm of early tillering stage root layer soil moisture is the 85% of FC, soil moisture Upper control limit is FC.The control of 0~20cm of middle of tillering root layer soil moisture is the 80% of FC, and soil moisture upper control limit is FC. The control of 0~20cm of late tillering state root layer soil moisture is the 70% of FC, and soil moisture upper control limit is FC.Jointing-booting stage：Drop It fills 5 times, pour water 34m every time³/ mu, light water 17m³/ mu, aerating water 17m³/ mu.Jointing-booting stage 0~20cm root layer soil water Sub-control is made as the 90% of FC, and soil moisture upper control limit is FC.The control of booting later period 0~30cm root layer soil moisture is FC's 95%, soil moisture upper control limit is FC.75% soil moisture that the control of 0~30cm of maturity period root layer soil moisture is FC controls The upper limit is FC.Mature 0~30cm of later period root layer soil moisture control is the 60% of FC, and soil moisture upper control limit is FC.

Heading flowering period：It pours water 3 times, total irrigation quantity control is in 110m³/ mu, light water 55m³/ mu, aerating water 55m³/ mu. The control of heading flowering period 0~30cm root layer soil moisture is the 90% of FC, and soil moisture upper control limit is FC.Maturity period 0~ The 75% soil moisture upper control limit that the control of 30cm root layer soil moisture is FC is FC.

Maturity period：It pours water 3 times, overall control is in 150m³/ mu, light water 75m³/ mu, aerating water 75m³/ mu.Maturity period 0 The 75% soil moisture upper control limit that the control of~30cm root layer soil moisture is FC is FC.Mature 0~30cm of later period root layer soil Moisture control is the 60% of FC, and soil moisture upper control limit is FC

Apply fertilizer amount：The insemination and emergence phase：Apply fertilizer to the subsoil 4.4kg/ mus of urea, 8.0kg/ mus of phosphoric acid diamines, potassium sulfate 6.6kg/ mu.Tillering stage：Apply 3kg/ mus of micro-current growth promoter, 10kg/ mus of urea.Jointing-booting stage：8~10kg/ mus of urea are applied, 5kg/ mus of potassium sulfate.Maturity period：It does not apply fertilizer.

Selenium fertilizer dosage：Using chelating selenium to rice selenium-rich.It drips altogether and applies 3 times in rice ear sprouting period.It is required that it is molten to chelate selenium In in fertilizer spreading tank, it is 0.35~0.42kg/hm that drop, which applies concentration,²。

Advantages of the present invention:

(1) innovative.It proposes with high-efficiency water-saving section fertilizer, a kind of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize of Precision Irrigation fertilising Quenched cultural method.The water-saving quenched drip irrigation system and regulation method that this method proposes, can be according to soil regime automatically to soil Drop is carried out to apply.This method propose the hollow billet arrangements being adapted with entire mechanization and douche to select, can be by water-saving tune Matter drip irrigation system and the advantage of regulation method maximumlly play, and are put forward for the first time the rice cultivating method using control volume as unit, By the method for automatic control to rice precision amount irrigation fertilization, rice water and fertilizer utilization rate is improved, improves the planting density of rice, just In harvesting.The method of root region soil water, fertilizer (containing selenium fertilizer), gas coordinated regulation that this method proposes, is put forward for the first time micro-nano gas The soaked cultivation applied to dry-farming direct-seeding rice improves soil environment, improves absorption of the rice for elements such as P, improve The quality and yield of rice；The invention is put forward for the first time trickle irrigation and carries out selenium-rich to rice in conjunction with chelating selenium, and applying selenium concentration is 0.35 ~0.42kg/hm²。

(2) practicability and operability.By automatically controlling the aerating of pouring water in rice field, without a large amount of artificial, to rice Root region soil monitors in real time, it can be achieved that rice scale, standardized planting.The water-saving quenched drip irrigation system proposed is to rice root zone The soil water, fertilizer (containing selenium fertilizer), the regulation and control scheme of gas can be in the whole nations the characteristics of adapting to the physiological property of rice, have water-saving fertilizer-saving concurrently It is promoted in wide area；The fertilizer that filter in stem system can filter out the magazine in underground and overflow from fertilizer spreading tank Expect that particle, oxygenation can be reduced in pipe with the blocking of the biomembrane at place of bowing, improves the service life of full pipeline system.

(3) economy.Entire breeding time can 60% or more water-saving, section fertilizer 30%.Simultaneously, it is only necessary to utilize existing dropper System carries out selenium-rich and aerating to rice, and aerating helps to improve rice yield, adjusts rice quality；Selenium-rich is improving yield The Se content in rice grain is also increased simultaneously.The entire mechanization method of proposition efficiently solves dry-farming direct-seeding rice journey machine To the destruction of drip irrigation zone product and the unfavorable problem of group's planting density in tool cultivation, the production of rice is improved Amount.

The content being not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art well known to professional and technical personnel in the field.

Claims

1. a kind of drip irrigation system, which is characterized in that including：Drip irrigation header system and trickle irrigation field system；

The drip irrigation header system includes：Water source, aerator, fertilizer apparatus, filter device, pump house (4), timer (9), water Table (10) and decision-making platform, for providing light water, micro-nano air-bubble and rich water, play data are handled, receive or Issue instruction, real-time display data and the effect for issuing prompt information；

Trickle irrigation field system includes：Branch pipe, hollow billet, moisture tester, dissolved oxygen tester and wireless signal transceiver, are used for It is transferred to drip irrigation header system in real time to rice root zone irrigation fertilization, and by the water of soil root zone, gas data information；The hair Pipe includes：Hollow billet I (18) and hollow billet II (19)；

The water source includes：Water tank I (1), water tank II (8), water tank I (1) are the water supply of micro-nano air-bubble, and water tank II (8) is to be System provides light water；The aerator includes：Micro-nano bubble generator (5)；The decision-making platform includes：Flow monitoring meter (20), controller (21) and wireless transmitter (22)；The fertilizer apparatus includes：Solenoid valve controller VI (12), solenoid valve Controller VII (14) and pressure differential tank (13)；The filter device includes：Pressure gauge I (15), pressure gauge II (17) and mistake Filter (16)；

The wireless transmitter (22) connect with controller (21), and controller (21) is connect with flow monitoring meter (20), flow Monitoring meter (20) is connect with pump house (4), and water tank I (1) is connect with pump house (4) and micro-nano bubble generator (5) respectively, micro-nano Bubble generator (5) is connect with water tank II (8) and timer (9) respectively, and timer (9) is connect with water meter (10), water meter (10) It is connect respectively with pressure gauge I (15) and solenoid valve controller VI (12), solenoid valve controller VI (12) and pressure differential tank (13) one end connection, the other end of pressure differential tank (13) are connect with solenoid valve controller VII (14), solenoid valve controller VII (14) are connect with pressure gauge I (15), and pressure gauge I (15) is connect with the one end of filter (16), the other end of filter (16) It is connect with pressure gauge II (17), the pressure gauge II (17) connect with branch pipe, branch pipe and several hollow billets I (18) and hollow billet II (19) Connection buries moisture tester, dissolved oxygen tester and wireless signal transceiver in the depths 9~10cm of soil, moisture tester and Dissolved oxygen tester is connected with wireless signal transceiver.

2. drip irrigation system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the flow monitoring meter (20) and pump house (4) it Between be equipped with solenoid valve controller II (3), the water inlet of water tank I (1) be equipped with solenoid valve controller Ⅹ (23), water tank I (1) Water outlet is equipped with solenoid valve controller I (2)；Electricity is successively arranged between the micro-nano bubble generator (5) and water tank II (8) Magnetic valve controller III (6) and solenoid valve controller IV (7)；Solenoid valve control is equipped between the water meter (10) and pressure gauge I (15) Device V (11) processed.

3. a kind of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize using drip irrigation system described in claim 1-2 any claim Quenched cultural method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：

Planting patterns is the high 15cm~20cm in ridge, and ridge section is isosceles trapezoid, the long 90~95cm in trapezoidal upper bottom edge, away from trapezoidal Four row upland rice are planted using the method for wide-and narrow-row in each 15~20cm plane in bottom edge, narrow row line-spacing is 15~20cm, wide row line-spacing For 30~40cm, away from for 50~60cm, adjacent two plants of rice hill spacings are 15~18cm for paddy rice row on adjacent two ridge；

Hollow billet is arranged as one pipe of a film, four row of 20+40+20cm, and 5~10cm of hollow billet buried depth, the hollow billet is using formula dropper of postponing Band, dropper band flow are 2.0~3.0L/h, and wall thickness is 0.2~0.3mm；

Film mulching method uses black mulch film, and film thickness 0.014mm when overlay film, is covered on ridge, and on ridge with the mode banketed Cladding thickness is the soil layer of 0.2~0.5cm, prevents sowing initial stage mulch from being blown off by wind；

(2) it is hung on tractor using sowing-fertilising-trench digging-pipe laying-film mulching integrated machine, completes the sowing of rice, increases bottom Fertilizer, trench digging, pipe laying and film coating operation；

(3) according to the difference of rice varieties, the physiological period of rice is set, formulates the rice root zone soil water, fertilizer, gas coordinated regulation Scheme, the rice root zone soil water, fertilizer, gas coordinated regulation scheme principle be not aerating when pouring water, aerating is forward and backward at least to pour water 15min, and fertilizer is dissolved using aerating water；

It after rice growing, is filled 2 times using the depth of water, after rice enters seedling stage, every 48h automatically turns on systemic circulation and pours water aerating, greatly Circulation is poured water after aerating, measures soil root zone moisture content using moisture tester, is lower than rice in soil root zone moisture content When each physiological period soil root zone moisture content lower limit, opens partial circulating and pour water aerating；Rice is in different physiological period institutes fertilizer requirement Difference, to improve utilization rate of fertilizer, to rice root zone accurate fertilizing.

4. the quenched cultural method of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that rice is in difference The control bound of soil root zone moisture content is respectively when physiological period：

Insemination and emergence phase, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 10cm soil moisture is the 70%~75% of FC under control film； The soil root zone moisture content upper limit is FC；

Early tillering stage, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 0~20cm root layer soil moisture is the 85% of FC；Soil root zone contains The water rate upper limit is FC；

Middle of tillering, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 0~20cm root layer soil moisture is the 80% of FC；Soil root zone contains The water rate upper limit is FC；

Late tillering state, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 0~20cm root layer soil moisture is the 70% of FC；Soil root zone contains The water rate upper limit is FC；

Jointing-booting stage, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 0~20cm root layer soil moisture is the 90% of FC；Soil root zone The moisture content upper limit is FC；

Booting later period, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 0~30cm root layer soil moisture is the 95% of FC；Soil root zone contains The water rate upper limit is FC；

Heading flowering period, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 0~30cm root layer soil moisture is the 90% of FC；Soil root zone The moisture content upper limit is FC；

Maturity period, soil root zone moisture content lower limit are that the control of 0~30cm root layer soil moisture is the 75% of FC, and soil root zone is aqueous The rate upper limit is FC；

Rice is as follows in different physiological period fertilizer applications：

5. the quenched cultural method of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that in Rice Heading Blooming stage, which drips altogether, applies 3 chelating selenium, and it is 0.35~0.42kg/hm that drop, which applies concentration,², select drip in the sunny morning to apply.

6. the quenched cultural method of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that in rice growing Afterwards, the step of being filled using the depth of water be：

Step A1：Solenoid valve controller IV (7) and solenoid valve controller V (11) are opened, water enters pipeline stream by water tank II (8) Enter trickle irrigation field system, drip and apply 150min, after 150min, controller (21) is sent out out code by wireless transmitter (22) Solenoid valve controller IV (7) and solenoid valve controller V (11) are given, no longer pours water to trickle irrigation field system, utilizes simultaneously at this time Moisture tester redeterminates a soil root zone moisture content；

7. the quenched cultural method of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the systemic circulation Pour water aerating the specific steps are：

Step B1：Micro-nano air-bubble aerating preparation：Opens solenoid valve controller Ⅹ (23), solenoid valve controller I (2) and Solenoid valve controller II (3), the water flow in water tank I (1) provide power by pump house (4) and enter the generation of micro-nano bubble by pipeline Device (5) is recycled to micro-nano bubble water concentration and reaches 7~9mg/L；

Step B2：Check whether filter device blocks：Solenoid valve controller IV (7) and solenoid valve controller V (11) are opened, is made Water in water tank II (8) enters in pipeline, and adjusting aperture makes the reading 0.06MPa of pressure gauge II (17), if pressure gauge I (15) Difference of reading with pressure gauge II (17) is more than 0.02MPa, then closes solenoid valve controller IV (7) and solenoid valve controller V (11), while filter (16) being cleaned；

Step B3：With light water springy land：Open timer (9), solenoid valve controller IV (7) and solenoid valve controller V (11), solenoid valve controller III (6) are closed, enters the water in water tank II (8) in pipeline, timer (9) starts timing, to drop Field system is filled to pour water 15min,

Step B4：Drop applies micro-nano air-bubble：Out code is sent to electricity by wireless transmitter (22) by controller (21) Open instructions is sent to solenoid valve controller III (6) by magnetic valve controller IV (7), and micro-nano air-bubble passes through main pipeline at this time Trickle irrigation field system is flowed into, and drips and applies in rice root zone, at this time timer (9) reclocking, the micro-nano air-bubble of trickle irrigation 90min；

Step B5：Terminate systemic circulation to pour water aerating：Out code is sent to by controller (21) by wireless transmitter (22) Solenoid valve controller III (6), and opens solenoid valve controller IV (7), the water in water tank II (8) enter pipeline and flow into trickle irrigation field System, drop apply 75min, and controller (21) issues out code after 75min, are sent out out code by wireless transmitter (22) To solenoid valve controller Ⅹ (23), solenoid valve controller I (2), solenoid valve controller II (3), solenoid valve controller III (6), electricity Magnetic valve controller IV (7), solenoid valve controller V (11), systemic circulation aerating of pouring water terminate.

8. the quenched cultural method of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that partial circulating is poured water Specific step is as follows for aerating：

Step Ba1：Open instructions is issued magnetic valve controller Ⅹ (23), electromagnetism by wireless transmitter (22) by controller (21) Valve control I (2), solenoid valve controller III (6) and solenoid valve controller V (11), timer (9) start timing, trickle irrigation micro-nano Rice air-bubble 15min；

Step Ba2：Drop applies light water：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter (22) by controller (21) Device Ⅹ (23), solenoid valve controller I (2) and solenoid valve controller III (6) processed, are sent to solenoid valve controller IV for open instructions (7), timer (9) restarts timing, and the water in water tank II (8) enters pipeline and flows into trickle irrigation field system, dripping irrigation water 15min；

Step Ba3：Redeterminate soil moisture content：Controller (21) is sent out code to by wireless transmitter (22) Solenoid valve controller IV (7) then stops pouring water, and redeterminates a soil root zone moisture content；

Step Ba4：If soil root zone moisture content reaches soil root zone moisture content lower limit, stopping is poured water；If not up to soil root Area's moisture content lower limit, then repeatedly step Ba2, Ba3, Ba4.

9. the quenched cultural method of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that rice root zone The step of accurate fertilizing is：

Step C1：Micro-nano air-bubble aerating preparation：Opens solenoid valve controller Ⅹ (23), solenoid valve controller I (2) and Solenoid valve controller II (3), the water flow in water tank I (1) provide power by pump house (4) and enter the generation of micro-nano bubble by pipeline Device (5) is recycled to micro-nano bubble water concentration and reaches 7~9mg/L；

Step C2：Mix micro-nano air-bubble and fertilizer：Open solenoid valve controller III (6), solenoid valve controller VI (12) and Solenoid valve controller VII (14) sufficiently dissolves fertilizer in pressure differential tank (13)；

Step C3：Check whether filter device blocks：Controller (21) is sent out code by wireless transmitter (22) To solenoid valve controller III (6), solenoid valve controller VI (12) and solenoid valve controller VII (14), open command is sent to electricity Magnetic valve controller IV (7) and solenoid valve controller V (11), enter the water in water tank II (8) in pipeline, and adjusting aperture makes to press The reading of power table II (17) is that 0.06MPa is closed if the difference of reading of pressure gauge I (15) and pressure gauge II (17) is more than 0.02MPa Solenoid valve controller IV (7) and solenoid valve controller V (11) are closed, while cleaning filter (16)；

Step C4：Rice field is moistened with light water：Open command is sent to meter by wireless transmitter (22) by controller (21) When device (9), solenoid valve controller IV (7) and solenoid valve controller V (11), water in water tank II (8) by hollow billet I (18) and Hollow billet II (19) drop is applied in rice root 20min；

Step C5：Drop fertilising material：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter (22) by controller (21) Open command is sent to solenoid valve controller VI (12), solenoid valve controller VII by device IV (7) and solenoid valve controller V (11) (14) and solenoid valve controller III (6), until drop has applied fertilizer；

Step C6：Drop applies light water：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter (22) by controller (21) Device III (6), solenoid valve controller VI (12) and solenoid valve controller VII (14) processed, are sent to solenoid valve controller for open command IV (7) and solenoid valve controller V (11), the water in water tank II (8) is dripped by hollow billet I (18) and hollow billet II (19) to be applied in rice Root system 15min；

Step C7：Stop fertilising：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter (22) by controller (21) Device I (2), solenoid valve controller II (3), solenoid valve controller IV (7), solenoid valve controller V (11) and solenoid valve controller Ⅹ (23)；

Applying the step of Ao closes selenium to rice root zone drop is：

Step D1：Micro-nano air-bubble aerating preparation：Opens solenoid valve controller Ⅹ (23), solenoid valve controller I (2) and Solenoid valve controller II (3), the water flow in water tank I (1) provide power by pump house (4) and enter the generation of micro-nano bubble by pipeline Device (5) is recycled to micro-nano bubble water concentration and reaches 7~9mg/L；

Step D2：It mixes micro-nano air-bubble and Ao closes selenium：Open solenoid valve controller III (6), solenoid valve controller VI (12) With solenoid valve controller VII (14), the dissolution chelating selenium in the pressure differential tank (13), adjust to chelating selenium concentration be 0.35~ 0.42kg/hm²；

Step D3：Check whether filter device blocks：Controller (21) is sent out code by wireless transmitter (22) To solenoid valve controller III (6), solenoid valve controller VI (12) and solenoid valve controller VII (14), open command is sent to electricity Magnetic valve controller IV (7) and solenoid valve controller V (11), enter the water in water tank II (8) in pipeline, and adjusting aperture makes to press The reading of power table II (17) is that 0.06MPa is closed if the difference of reading of pressure gauge I (15) and pressure gauge II (17) is more than 0.02MPa Solenoid valve controller IV (7) and solenoid valve controller V (11) are closed, while cleaning filter (16)；

Step D4：Wet rice field：Open command is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter (22) by controller (21) Device IV (7), solenoid valve controller V (11) and timer (9), the water in water tank II (8) pass through hollow billet I (18) and hollow billet II (19) drop is applied in rice root 15min；

Step D5：Drop applies micro-nano air-bubble：Out code is sent to electricity by wireless transmitter (22) by controller (21) Open command is sent to solenoid valve controller III (6) by magnetic valve controller IV (7), is started drop and is applied micro-nano air-bubble 20min；

Step D6：Drop applies Ao and closes selenium：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter (22) by controller (21) Open command is sent to solenoid valve controller VI (12) and solenoid valve controller VII (14) by device V (11) processed, is started drop and is applied chela Selenium is closed, until chelating selenium concentration is down to 0.005~0.006kg/hm in tank²；

Step D7：Drop applies micro-nano bubble aerating water：Controller (21) is sent out code by wireless transmitter (22) To solenoid valve controller VI (12) and solenoid valve controller VII (14), open command is sent to solenoid valve controller III (6), electricity Magnetic valve controller V (11) and timer (9), drop apply micro-nano bubble aerating water 10min；

Step D8：Drop applies light water：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter (22) by controller (21) Device Ⅹ (23), solenoid valve controller I (2), solenoid valve controller II (3) and solenoid valve controller III (6) processed, open command is sent out It send to solenoid valve controller IV (7), the water in water tank II (8) is dripped by hollow billet I (18) and hollow billet II (19) to be applied in rice root 15min；

Step D9：Stop fertilising：Out code is sent to solenoid valve control by wireless transmitter (22) by controller (21) Device IV (7) and solenoid valve controller V (11).

10. the quenched cultural method of dry-farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation economize as described in claim 7-9 any claim, feature It is, when pour water aerating with applying fertilizer to rice, dissolved oxygen content is measured by dissolved oxygen tester, and by wireless signal transceiver Transfer data to controller (21), if dissolved oxygen amount be lower than 5~6mg/L, drip irrigation system be automatically stopped pour water aerating and Fertilising；

Out code is sent to solenoid valve controller III (6) by wireless transmitter (22) by controller (21), micro-nano It is recirculated in bubble generator (5) after micro-nano bubble water concentration reaches 7~9mg/L, drip irrigation system automatically turns on It pours water aerating and fertilising.