CN108901697B

CN108901697B - Dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving conditioning cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN108901697B
Application number: CN201810605389.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李云开; 王逍遥; 陈修之; 冯吉; 刘雅新
Original assignee: China Agricultural University
Current assignee: China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2018-06-13
Filing date: 2018-06-13
Publication date: 2020-08-18
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-13
Also published as: CN108901697A

Abstract

The invention relates to a water-saving conditioning cultivation method for dry farming direct-seeding rice by drip irrigation, which aims at the problems of poor soil oxygen content, low utilization rate of rice nutrients, low rice quality, low yield and the like caused by unreasonable irrigation mode, irrigation quantity, fertilization frequency and the like in the cultivation process of the dry farming direct-seeding rice and realizes the effects of water saving, yield increase and conditioning of the dry farming direct-seeding rice. The method comprises the following specific steps: providing a dry farming direct seeding rice water-saving conditioning drip irrigation system and a conditioning method which take root zone water, fertilizer and gas microbial habitat conditioning as a path; a drip irrigation system capillary tube arrangement mode and a douche selection method which are suitable for dry farming direct seeding rice seeding, fertilizing, ditching, pipe laying and film mulching and whole harvesting process mechanization are provided; provides a water, fertilizer and gas cooperative regulation scheme and a critical control threshold value for the soil in the dry farming direct seeding rice root area, and realizes the automatic precise cooperative regulation of the water, fertilizer and gas in the soil in the dry farming direct seeding rice root area.

Description

Dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving conditioning cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a water-saving drip irrigation conditioning cultivation method for dry farming direct-seeding rice.

Background

The rice is used as the main grain crop in China, the demand of China is large, and the total yield reaches 1.8 × 10¹¹And kg, the planting area accounts for about 30 percent of the total cultivated land area. Meanwhile, the water consumption of the rice field accounts for more than 65% of the whole agricultural water. The rice is mostly irrigated by flood irrigation, furrow irrigation and ridge irrigation in the traditional irrigation method, and the methods have high water consumption which reaches 6000-9000 m³·hm^-2Therefore, it is not suitable for large-scale popularization nationwide. How to reduce the water consumption of rice and improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer of rice is an urgent problem to be solved. Aiming at the problem, a shallow, wet and sunning irrigation technology is developed in the 80 th century, the irrigation technology can save water by about 11-39.6%, and the rice yield is improved by 1.1-35%. The intermittent irrigation (also called surge irrigation) proposed by American scholars at the end of the 80 s is to supply water to a ditch or a furrow at a certain time interval, which can reduce the water consumption by 32-39%, but the rice yield-increasing effect is not obvious. The controlled irrigation of Chinese scientists and Australian scientists in 90 s experiments only needs 2 to 6 times of irrigation, which can save about 30.5 percent of water resources and improve about 9 percent of rice yield. The rain-storing irrigation technology utilized in mountainous areas such as Hunan, Hubei and the like is combined with the technology, so that the water can be saved by 19.5-22%, and the rice yield is increased by about 20%.

The dry farming direct seeding drip irrigation rice cultivation technology provides an effective path for solving the problem of large water consumption in rice cultivation. The method comprises the steps of seed preparation, land preparation, sowing, seedling management, irrigation management, fertilization management, pest control and the like, can save water resources compared with the traditional rice cultivation method, but the yield is still reduced, the quality of rice is to be improved urgently, and the large-scale popularization of the technology in China is seriously hindered. The Heilongjiang food culture society agriculture science and technology development limited company provides a direct-seeding drip irrigation cultivation method (CN106489636A) for rice in cold regions, the method provides methods including seed breeding, land preparation, sowing and field management, and provides a scheme capable of planting rice in cold regions on a large scale, so that water resources can be saved, the yield is reduced to a certain extent, the requirement on the irrigation water temperature is met, and the method is not suitable for large-scale popularization and planting.

In fact, the synergistic improvement of the yield and the quality of the rice is the result of the multi-factor combined action, and the application of the drip irrigation technology provides a basic platform for the cooperative precise regulation and control of water, fertilizer and air in the root zone and also makes the synergistic improvement of the water, fertilizer and air possible. Based on the water-saving conditioning drip irrigation system and the conditioning method for the dry farming direct-seeding rice, which take root zone water, fertilizer and gas micro-habitat regulation as a path, the method provides a drip irrigation system capillary tube arrangement mode and a irrigator selection method which are suitable for dry farming direct-seeding rice seeding-fertilizing-ditching-pipe laying-film covering integration and whole harvesting process mechanization, provides a dry farming direct-seeding rice root zone soil water, fertilizer (containing selenium fertilizer), gas coordinated regulation and control scheme and a critical control threshold value, realizes the great improvement of dry farming direct-seeding yield, quality, water and nutrient utilization efficiency, endows rice with more specific qualities such as selenium enrichment and the like, and establishes the dry farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving conditioning cultivation method.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a water-saving conditioning cultivation method for dry farming direct-seeding rice by drip irrigation, which aims at the problems of poor soil oxygen content, low rice nutrient utilization rate, low rice quality, low yield and the like caused by unreasonable irrigation mode, irrigation quantity, fertilization frequency and the like in the dry farming direct-seeding rice cultivation process, and realizes the effects of water saving, yield increase and conditioning of the dry farming direct-seeding rice. The method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) the dry farming direct seeding rice water-saving conditioning drip irrigation system and the conditioning method which take root zone water, fertilizer and gas micro-habitat regulation as a path are provided, a basic platform is provided for root zone water, fertilizer and gas coordinated precision regulation, the conditioning method combines large circulation and small circulation, the operation of water irrigation and gas filling with high efficiency and energy saving is guaranteed, and the problems of low water utilization efficiency of rice cultivation and quality reduction caused by insufficient soil air permeability and low nutrient utilization efficiency in the dry farming direct seeding cultivation process are solved;

(2) the drip irrigation system capillary tube arrangement mode and the emitter selection method which are integrated with the dry farming direct seeding rice sowing, fertilizing, ditching, pipe laying and film mulching and are suitable for the whole harvesting process mechanization are provided, and the problems of damage to drip irrigation tape products and unsuitable population planting density in the whole process of the dry farming direct seeding rice mechanization cultivation are effectively solved;

(3) the method provides a water, fertilizer and gas cooperative regulation scheme and a critical control threshold value for the soil in the root area of the dry farming direct-seeding rice, realizes the automatic and precise cooperative regulation of the water, fertilizer and gas in the root area of the dry farming direct-seeding rice, and effectively solves the problems of irrigation, fertilization, oxygenation and improvement of the rice quality.

In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a drip irrigation system comprising: drip irrigation header systems and drip irrigation field systems;

the drip irrigation header system comprises: the water source, the gas filling device, the fertilizing device, the filtering device, the pump room 4, the timer 9, the water meter 10 and the decision platform are used for providing common water, micro-nano bubble water and fertilizer water, and play roles in processing data, receiving or sending an instruction, displaying data in real time and sending prompt information;

the drip irrigation field system comprises: the branch pipe, the capillary, the moisture tester, the dissolved oxygen tester and the wireless signal transceiver are used for irrigating and fertilizing the rice root zone and transmitting the water and gas data information of the soil root zone to the drip irrigation header system in real time; the capillary comprises: capillary I18 and capillary II 19;

the water source comprises: the water tank I1 supplies water for micro-nano bubble water, and the water tank II 8 supplies common water for the system; the gas filling device comprises: a micro-nano bubble generator 5; the decision platform comprises: a flow monitoring meter 20, a controller 21 and a wireless transceiver 22; the fertilizer injection unit includes: the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12, the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14 and the differential pressure type fertilization tank 13; the filtering device includes: a pressure gauge I15, a pressure gauge II 17 and a filter 16;

the wireless transceiver 22 is connected with the controller 21, the controller 21 is connected with the flow monitoring meter 20, the flow monitoring meter 20 is connected with the pump room 4, the water tank I1 is respectively connected with the pump room 4 and the micro-nano bubble generator 5, the micro-nano bubble generator 5 is respectively connected with the water tank II 8 and the timer 9, the timer 9 is connected with the water meter 10, the water meter 10 is respectively connected with the pressure gauge I15 and the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12, the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12 is connected with one end of the differential pressure type fertilization tank 13, the other end of the differential pressure type fertilization tank 13 is connected with the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14, the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14 is connected with the pressure gauge I15, the pressure gauge I15 is connected with one end of the filter 16, the other end of the filter 16 is connected with the pressure gauge II 17, the pressure gauge II 17 is connected with a branch pipe, the branch pipe is connected with the capillary pipes I18 and the capillary pipes II 19, the moisture tester is buried in the deep, The dissolved oxygen tester and the wireless signal transceiver are connected with the moisture tester and the dissolved oxygen tester.

On the basis of the scheme, a solenoid valve controller II 3 is arranged between the flow monitoring meter 20 and the pump room 4, a solenoid valve controller X23 is arranged at the water inlet of the water tank I1, and a solenoid valve controller I2 is arranged at the water outlet of the water tank I1; an electromagnetic valve controller III 6 and an electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 are sequentially arranged between the micro-nano bubble generator 5 and the water tank II 8; and an electromagnetic valve controller V11 is arranged between the water meter 10 and the pressure gauge I15.

A dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving conditioning cultivation method applying the drip irrigation system comprises the following steps:

(1) planting mode, film covering mode and capillary arrangement of rice:

the planting mode is that the ridge height is 15-20 cm, the ridge section is an isosceles trapezoid, the length of the upper bottom side of the trapezoid is 90-95 cm, four rows of dry rice are planted on a plane 15-20 cm away from the upper bottom side of the trapezoid by adopting a wide-narrow row method, the row distance of the narrow rows is 15-20 cm, the row distance of the wide rows is 30-40 cm, the row distance of rice on two adjacent ridges is 50-60 cm, and the hole distance of two adjacent rice plants is 15-18 cm;

the capillary is arranged into a film-tube four rows of 20+40+20cm, the buried depth of the capillary is 5-10 cm, the capillary adopts a forward-extending dropper belt, the flow rate of the dropper belt is 2.0-3.0L/h, and the wall thickness is 0.2-0.3 mm;

the film covering mode adopts black mulching film with the film thickness of 0.014mm, the ridge is covered by a soil filling mode during film covering, a soil layer with the thickness of 0.2-0.5 cm is covered on the ridge, the mulching film is prevented from being blown away by wind at the initial stage of sowing,

(2) the integrated machine of seeding, fertilizing, ditching, pipe laying and film covering is hung on a tractor to complete the operations of seeding, base fertilizer adding, ditching, pipe laying and film covering of rice, and a GPS tractor is used for accurately harvesting the rice;

(3) setting the physiological cycle of rice according to different rice varieties, and formulating a rice root zone soil water, fertilizer and gas cooperative regulation scheme, wherein the principle of the rice root zone soil water, fertilizer and gas cooperative regulation scheme is that gas is not added during water filling, water is filled for at least 15min before and after gas filling, and the fertilizer is dissolved by using the gas added water;

the rice root zone soil water, fertilizer and gas cooperative regulation and control scheme is as follows:

after the rice is sowed, irrigating for 2 times by using water, automatically starting large-cycle irrigation and air filling every 48h after the rice enters a seedling stage, measuring the water content of a soil root zone by using a water tester after the large-cycle irrigation and air filling is finished, and starting small-cycle irrigation and air filling when the water content of the soil root zone is lower than the lower limit of the water content of the soil root zone in each physiological period of the rice; the rice needs different fertilizer amounts in different physiological periods, and the rice root area is subjected to precision fertilization in order to improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer.

On the basis of the scheme, the upper and lower control limits of the water content of the soil root zone of the rice in different physiological periods are respectively as follows:

in the seedling emergence period, the lower limit of the water content of the root area of the soil is that the water content of a soil layer of 10cm below a control film is controlled to be 70-75% of FC; the upper limit of the water content of the soil root zone is FC;

in the early tillering stage, the water content of a root layer soil with the lower limit of 0-20 cm in the soil root area is controlled to be 85% of FC; the upper limit of the water content of the soil root zone is FC;

in the tillering stage, the water content of the root layer soil with the lower limit of 0-20 cm in the soil root area is controlled to be 80% of FC; the upper limit of the water content of the soil root zone is FC;

in the final tillering stage, the lower limit of the water content of a root zone of the soil is 0-20 cm, and the soil moisture of a root layer is controlled to be 70% of FC; the upper limit of the water content of the soil root zone is FC;

in the stage of jointing and booting, the water content of a root layer with the lower limit of 0-20 cm in the root zone of the soil is controlled to be 90% of that of FC; the upper limit of the water content of the soil root zone is FC;

in the late stage of booting, the lower limit of the water content of a soil root zone is 0-30 cm, and the soil water content of a root layer is controlled to be 95% of FC; the upper limit of the water content of the soil root zone is FC;

in the heading and flowering period, the lower limit of the water content of the root zone of the soil is 0-30 cm, and the soil water content of the root layer is controlled to be 90% of FC; the upper limit of the water content of the soil root zone is FC;

in the maturation period, the lower limit of the water content of the soil root zone is 0-30 cm, the soil moisture of the root layer is controlled to be 75% of that of FC, and the upper limit of the water content of the soil root zone is FC.

On the basis of the scheme, the fertilization scheme of the rice in different physiological periods is as follows:

and (3) sowing and seedling emergence stage: 4.4-5 kg/mu of urea, 8.0-8.5 kg/mu of diamine phosphate and 6.6-7 kg/mu of potassium sulfate;

and (3) tillering stage: 9.5-10 kg/mu of urea; 3-3.5 kg/mu of micro-current growth promoter;

and (3) in the jointing and booting stage: 8-10 kg/mu of urea and 4.5-5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate;

heading and flowering period: 2-3 kg/mu of urea and 0.2-0.3 kg/mu of phosphoric diamine.

On the basis of the scheme, the chelated selenium is dripped for 3 times in the heading and flowering period of the rice, and the dripping concentration is 0.35-0.42 kg/hm²The drip application was selected in the morning of a sunny day.

On the basis of the scheme, after the rice is sowed, the step of irrigating by using water depth comprises the following steps:

step A1: opening an electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 and an electromagnetic valve controller V11, enabling water to enter a pipeline from a water tank II 8 and flow into a drip irrigation field system, carrying out drip application for 150min, sending a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11 by a controller 21 through a wireless transceiver 22 after 150min, not watering the drip irrigation field system, and simultaneously re-measuring the water content of a soil root zone by using a moisture tester;

step A2: stopping watering if the water content of the soil root zone reaches the lower limit of the water content of the soil root zone; and if the lower limit of the water content of the soil root zone is not reached, repeating the step A1.

On the basis of the scheme, the large-circulation water filling and air filling method comprises the following specific steps:

step B1: micro-nano bubble water air-entrapping preparation: starting an electromagnetic valve controller X23, an electromagnetic valve controller I2 and an electromagnetic valve controller II 3, enabling water flow in a water tank I1 to provide power through a pump room 4, enabling the water flow to enter a micro-nano bubble generator 5 through a pipeline, and circulating until the concentration of micro-nano bubble water reaches 7-9 mg/L;

step B2: checking whether the filtering device is blocked: opening the solenoid valve controller IV 7 and the solenoid valve controller V11 to enable water in the water tank II 8 to enter a pipeline, adjusting the opening degree to enable the reading of the pressure gauge II 17 to be 0.06MPa, and if the reading difference between the pressure gauge I15 and the pressure gauge II 17 exceeds 0.02MPa, closing the solenoid valve controller IV 7 and the solenoid valve controller V11 and cleaning the filter 16;

step B3: wetting the land with ordinary water: opening the timer 9, the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11, closing the electromagnetic valve controller III 6 to enable water in the water tank II 8 to enter the pipeline, starting timing by the timer 9, filling water into the drip irrigation field system for 15min,

step B4: micro-nano bubble water is dripped: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 through the wireless transceiver 22, sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, and at the moment, micro-nano bubble water flows into a drip irrigation field system through the main pipeline and is dripped in a rice root area, and at the moment, the timer 9 counts again and drips the micro-nano bubble water for 90 min;

step B5: and (3) finishing the large-circulation water filling and air filling: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6 through the wireless transceiver 22, the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 is started, water in the water tank II 8 enters a pipeline and flows into a drip irrigation field system, the water is dripped for 75min, the controller 21 sends a closing instruction after 75min, the wireless transceiver 22 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller X23, the electromagnetic valve controller I2, the electromagnetic valve controller II 3, the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7, the electromagnetic valve controller V11, and the air filling of the large-circulation irrigation water is finished.

On the basis of the scheme, the specific steps of small-cycle water filling and air filling are as follows:

step Ba 1: the controller 21 sends an opening instruction to the magnetic valve controller X23, the electromagnetic valve controller I2, the electromagnetic valve controller III 6 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11 through the wireless transceiver 22, the timer 9 starts timing, and micro-nano bubble water is dripped for 15 min;

step Ba 2: applying ordinary water dropwise: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller X23, the electromagnetic valve controller I2 and the electromagnetic valve controller III 6 through the wireless transceiver 22, sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7, the timer 9 starts timing again, water in the water tank II 8 enters a pipeline and flows into a drip irrigation field system, and the drip irrigation water is poured for 15 min;

step Ba 3: and (3) re-measuring the soil moisture content: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 through the wireless transceiver 22, the irrigation is stopped, and the water content of the soil root zone is measured again;

step Ba 4: stopping watering if the water content of the soil root zone reaches the lower limit of the water content of the soil root zone; if the water content of the soil root zone is not lower than the lower limit of the water content, repeating the steps Ba2, Ba3 and Ba 4.

On the basis of the scheme, the step of applying the precision fertilizer to the rice root area comprises the following steps:

step C1: micro-nano bubble water air-entrapping preparation: starting an electromagnetic valve controller X23, an electromagnetic valve controller I2 and an electromagnetic valve controller II 3, enabling water flow in a water tank I1 to provide power through a pump room 4, enabling the water flow to enter a micro-nano bubble generator 5 through a pipeline, and circulating until the concentration of micro-nano bubble water reaches 7-9 mg/L;

step C2: mixing micro-nano bubble water and fertilizer: opening the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12 and the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14, and fully dissolving the fertilizer in the differential pressure type fertilization tank 13;

step C3: checking whether the filtering device is blocked: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12 and the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14 through the wireless transceiver 22, sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11, so that water in the water tank II 8 enters a pipeline, the opening degree is adjusted to enable the reading of the pressure gauge II 17 to be 0.06MPa, and if the reading difference between the pressure gauge I15 and the pressure gauge II 17 exceeds 0.02MPa, the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11 are closed, and the filter 16 is cleaned at the same time;

step C4: wetting the rice field with ordinary water: the controller 21 sends an opening instruction to the timer 9, the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11 through the wireless transceiver 22, and water in the water tank II 8 is dripped and applied to the rice root system for 20min through the capillary I18 and the capillary II 19;

step C5: fertilizer dropping: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11 through the wireless transceiver 22, and sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12, the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14 and the electromagnetic valve controller III 6 until fertilizer is completely dripped;

step C6: applying ordinary water dropwise: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12 and the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14 through the wireless transceiver 22, sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11, and water in the water tank II 8 is dripped and applied to the rice root system for 15min through the capillary I18 and the capillary II 19;

step C7: stopping fertilization: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the solenoid valve controller i 2, the solenoid valve controller ii 3, the solenoid valve controller iv 7, the solenoid valve controller v 11, and the solenoid valve controller x 23 through the wireless transceiver 22.

On the basis of the scheme, the step of adding the selenium chelate to the root zone of the rice comprises the following steps:

step D1: micro-nano bubble water air-entrapping preparation: starting an electromagnetic valve controller X23, an electromagnetic valve controller I2 and an electromagnetic valve controller II 3, enabling water flow in a water tank I1 to provide power through a pump room 4, enabling the water flow to enter a micro-nano bubble generator 5 through a pipeline, and circulating until the concentration of micro-nano bubble water reaches 7-9 mg/L;

step D2: mixing micro-nano bubble water and chelate selenium: opening the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12 and the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14, dissolving the chelated selenium in the differential pressure type fertilization tank 13, and adjusting the concentration of the chelated selenium to be 0.35-0.42 kg/hm²；

Step D3: checking whether the filtering device is blocked: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12 and the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14 through the wireless transceiver 22, sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11, so that water in the water tank II 8 enters a pipeline, the opening degree is adjusted to enable the reading of the pressure gauge II 17 to be 0.06MPa, and if the reading difference between the pressure gauge I15 and the pressure gauge II 17 exceeds 0.02MPa, the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11 are closed, and the filter 16 is cleaned at the same time;

step D4: wetting the rice field: the controller 21 sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7, the electromagnetic valve controller V11 and the timer 9 through the wireless transceiver 22, and water in the water tank II 8 is dripped and applied to the rice root system for 15min through the capillary I18 and the capillary II 19;

step D5: micro-nano bubble water is dripped: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 through the wireless transceiver 22, sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, and begins to drip micro-nano bubble water for 20 min;

step D6: dropwise addition of selenium: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller V11 through the wireless transceiver 22, sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12 and the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14, and begins to drip chelated selenium until the concentration of the chelated selenium in the tank is reduced to 0.005-0.006 kg/hm²；

Step D7: dripping micro-nano bubbles and adding gas water: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12 and the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14 through the wireless transceiver 22, sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, the electromagnetic valve controller V11 and the timer 9, and applies micro-nano bubble gas adding water for 10min in a dripping mode;

step D8: applying ordinary water dropwise: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller X23, the electromagnetic valve controller I2, the electromagnetic valve controller II 3 and the electromagnetic valve controller III 6 through the wireless transceiver 22, and sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7, and water in the water tank II 8 is dripped and applied to the root system of the rice for 15min through the capillary I18 and the capillary II 19;

step D9: stopping fertilization: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller iv 7 and the electromagnetic valve controller v 11 through the wireless transceiver 22.

On the basis of the scheme, when the rice is aerated by watering and fertilized, the dissolved oxygen content is measured by a dissolved oxygen tester, the data is transmitted to the controller 21 by a wireless signal transceiver, and if the dissolved oxygen content is lower than 5-6 mg/L, the drip irrigation system automatically stops the aeration by watering and fertilization; the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6 through the wireless transceiver 22, and the micro-nano bubble generator 5 recycles the closing instruction until the concentration of the micro-nano bubble water reaches 7-9 mg/L, and the drip irrigation system automatically starts watering, air filling and fertilizing.

Drawings

The invention has the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of dry farming direct seeding rice cultivation.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a drip irrigation system according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1-a water tank I; 2-an electromagnetic valve controller I; 3-a solenoid valve controller II, 4-a pump room; 5-micro-nano bubble generator; 6-solenoid valve controller III; 7-solenoid valve controller IV; 8-water tank II; 9-a timer; 10-water meter; 11-solenoid valve controller v; 12-a solenoid valve controller VI; 13-differential pressure fertilization pot; 14-a solenoid valve controller VII; 15-pressure gauge I; 16-a filter; 17-pressure gauge II; 18-capillary I; 19-capillary II; 20-a flow monitor meter; 21-a controller; 22-a radio; solenoid valve controller X23.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1-2, a dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving conditioning cultivation method is described in detail.

General idea

Firstly, a drip irrigation system (as shown in figure 2) and a regulation method are provided by integrating the phenomena of yield reduction and quality reduction of the traditional dry-farming direct-seeding rice. The drip irrigation system consists of a water-saving conditioning drip irrigation head system and a water-saving conditioning drip irrigation field system. The drip irrigation header system consists of a water source, an air-entrapping device, a fertilizing device, a filtering device, a pump room 4, a timer 9, a water meter 10 and a decision platform, and plays a role in integrating information and making a decision. The drip irrigation field system consists of branch pipes, capillary pipes, a moisture tester, a dissolved oxygen tester, a wireless signal transceiver and the like, and is used for dripping water, fertilizer and gas to a root system, collecting the real-time information of the water, the fertilizer and the gas in a soil root area and transmitting the information to a drip irrigation header system. Aiming at the characteristics of poor soil permeability, low oxygen content in a rice root zone and low fertilizer utilization rate of the traditional dry farming direct seeding rice field, the regulation and control method for improving the soil environment of the root zone by dripping micro-nano bubble water in the rice root zone is provided. The volume ratio of water to micro-nano bubble water is controlled to be 1:1 by the regulation and control method, water is applied to the root zone before and after air entrainment, the retention time of oxygen in the root zone is prolonged, and the rice root zone is fully oxygenated. The regulation and control method simultaneously combines the major circulation and the minor circulation of water filling and air filling, and improves the utilization rate of water and oxygen. In order to reduce the damage of drip irrigation zone products in the whole mechanized cultivation process of dry farming direct-seeding rice and reasonably improve the population planting density, the invention provides a capillary tube arrangement mode with the buried depth of 5-10 cm and one tube, one film and four lines, and selects a casting type drip tube zone with the flow rate of 2.0-3.0L/h as an irrigation emitter. The root area water, fertilizer (containing selenium) and gas cooperative regulation and control method and the threshold value solve the problems of reduced quality and yield of rice cultivated by the traditional dry farming direct seeding rice cultivation technology, and endow more quality to the rice. The specific operation steps are as follows:

(1) water-saving conditioning drip irrigation system and method for dry farming direct-seeding rice

The water-saving conditioning drip irrigation system for the dry farming direct-seeded rice comprises a water-saving conditioning drip irrigation header system for the dry farming direct-seeded rice and a water-saving conditioning drip irrigation field system for the dry farming direct-seeded rice. The dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation system head (as shown in figure 2) is composed of a water source (a water tank I1, a water tank II 8), an air-entrapping device (a micro-nano bubble generator 5), a decision platform (a flow monitoring meter 20, a controller 21, a wireless transceiver 22), a fertilizing device (an electromagnetic valve controller VI 12, an electromagnetic valve controller VII 14, a differential pressure type fertilizing tank 13) and a filtering device (a pressure gauge I15, a pressure gauge II 17 and a filter 16), and is used for supplying water, micro-nano bubble water and fertilizer water, processing data, receiving or sending instructions, displaying the data in real time and sending prompt information.

The water source flows into the main pipeline from the water tank I1 and is powered by the pump room 4. The decision platform controls the pump house 4. Water flows through the micro-nano bubble generator 5 in the main pipeline. And the water tank II 8 provides a water source for the small circulating system. The timer 9 is connected to the main pipeline for timing, flows through the water meter 10 and is divided into two pipelines behind the water meter, one pipeline is connected to the differential pressure type fertilization tank 13, and the other pipeline can pass through water in all the main pipelines, and the water flows into the filter 16 after flowing through the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11 and then flows into the field system of the dry-seat direct-sowing rice dropper.

The dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation field system is composed of branch pipes, capillary pipes, a moisture tester, a dissolved oxygen tester and a wireless signal transceiver (shown in figure 1), and plays a role in watering and fertilizing a rice root area, and collecting the water content of soil in the root area and the dissolved oxygen data of the soil in the root area.

The dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving conditioning cultivation method uses the drip irrigation system, adopts a mode of combining large circulation and small circulation to carry out air-entrapping irrigation, and comprises the following specific steps:

after sowing, deep irrigation is carried out.

step A2: stopping watering if the water content of the soil root zone reaches the lower limit of the water content of the soil root zone; if the water content of the soil root zone is not lower than the lower limit of the water content of the soil root zone, repeating the step I.

After entering the seedling stage, automatically starting a large cycle every 48 hours, and specifically comprising the following steps:

step B1: and (5) micro-nano bubble water air-entrapping preparation. Open solenoid valve controller X23, solenoid valve controller I2 and II controllers of solenoid valve controller 3, rivers in the water tank I1 provide power through pump house 4 and get into micro-nano bubble generator 5 by the pipeline, circulate to micro-nano bubble water concentration and reach 7 ~ 9 mg/L.

Step B2: checking whether the filtering device is blocked. And opening the solenoid valve controller IV 7 and the solenoid valve controller V11 to enable water in the water tank II 8 to enter a pipeline, and adjusting the opening degree to enable the reading of the pressure gauge II 17 to be 0.06MPa (at the moment, if the reading difference between the pressure gauge I15 and the pressure gauge II 17 exceeds 0.02MPa, closing the solenoid valve controller IV 7 and the solenoid valve controller V11, and cleaning the filter 16 at the same time.

Step B3: and (5) wetting the ground. And opening the timer 9, the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11, and closing the electromagnetic valve controller III 6 to enable water in the water tank II 8 to enter the pipeline. The timer 9 starts to time, water is filled into the drip irrigation field system for 15min,

step B4: micro-nano bubble water is dripped: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 through the wireless transceiver 22, sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11, at the moment, the micro-nano bubble water flows into a drip irrigation field system through the main pipeline and is dripped in a rice root area, at the moment, the timer 9 counts again, and the micro-nano bubble water is dripped for 90 min.

Start step B5: and (3) finishing the large circulation: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6 through the wireless transceiver 22, the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 is started, water in the water tank II 8 enters a pipeline and flows into a drip irrigation field system, the water is dripped for 75min, the controller 21 sends the closing instruction after 75min, the wireless transceiver 22 sends the closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller X23, the electromagnetic valve controller I2, the electromagnetic valve controller II 3, the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11, and the major cycle is finished.

Starting a small cycle immediately, measuring the soil moisture content by using the moisture tester shown in fig. 1, sending data to the controller 21 through the wireless signal transceiver, analyzing the received data by the controller 21, and when the soil moisture content is lower than the lowest moisture content of each physiological period, specifically performing the following steps of the small cycle:

step Ba 1: the controller 21 sends an opening instruction to the magnetic valve controller X23, the electromagnetic valve controller I2, the electromagnetic valve controller III 6 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11 through the wireless transceiver 22, the timer 9 starts timing, micro-nano bubble water is dripped for 15min,

step Ba 2: applying ordinary water dropwise: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller X23, the electromagnetic valve controller I2 and the electromagnetic valve controller III 6 through the wireless transceiver 22, sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7, the timer 9 restarts timing, water in the water tank II 8 enters the pipeline and flows into the drip irrigation field system, the drip irrigation water is poured for 15min,

step Ba 3: and (3) re-measuring the soil moisture content: and the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 through the wireless transceiver 22, stops watering and re-measures the water content of the soil root zone once.

The specific steps of applying the fertilizer to the rice root area in a precise amount are as follows:

step C1: micro-nano bubble water air-entrapping preparation: open solenoid valve controller X23, solenoid valve controller I2 and II controllers of solenoid valve controller 3, rivers in the water tank I1 provide power through pump house 4 and get into micro-nano bubble generator 5 by the pipeline, circulate to micro-nano bubble water concentration and reach 7 ~ 9 mg/L.

Step C2: mixing micro-nano bubble water and fertilizer: and opening the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12 and the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14, and fully dissolving the fertilizer in the differential pressure type fertilization tank 13.

Step C3: checking whether the filtering device is blocked: the controller 21 sends closing instructions to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12 and the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14 through the wireless transceiver 22. And sending an opening instruction to the solenoid valve controller IV 7 and the solenoid valve controller V11 to enable water in the water tank II 8 to enter a pipeline, and adjusting the opening degree to enable the reading of the pressure gauge II 17 to be 0.06MPa (at the moment, if the reading difference between the pressure gauge I15 and the pressure gauge II 17 exceeds 0.02MPa, closing the solenoid valve controller IV 7 and the solenoid valve controller V11, and cleaning the filter 16 at the same time.

Step C4: wetting the rice field with ordinary water: the controller 21 sends an opening instruction to the timer 9, the solenoid valve controller iv 7 and the solenoid valve controller v 11 through the wireless transceiver 22. And water in the water tank II 8 is dripped and applied to the rice root system for 20min through the capillary I18 and the capillary II 19.

Step C5: fertilizer dropping: the controller 21 sends closing instructions to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11 through the wireless transceiver 22, and sends opening instructions to the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12, the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14 and the electromagnetic valve controller III 6 until fertilizer is completely dripped.

Step C6: applying ordinary water dropwise: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12 and the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14 through the wireless transceiver 22, sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 and the electromagnetic valve controller V11, and water in the water tank II 8 is dripped and applied to the rice root system for 15min through the capillary I18 and the capillary II 19.

The method for dripping the chelated selenium to the rice root zone comprises the following steps:

step D1: preparing micro-nano bubble water aeration preparation: opening an electromagnetic valve controller X23, an electromagnetic valve controller I2 and an electromagnetic valve controller II 3. Water flow in the water tank I1 provides power through the pump room 4 and enters the micro-nano bubble generator 5 through the pipeline, and the water flow circulates until the concentration of micro-nano bubble water reaches 7-9 mg/L.

Step D2: mixing micro-nano bubble water and chelate selenium: opening the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12 and the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14, dissolving the chelated selenium in the differential pressure type fertilization tank 13, and adjusting the chelated concentration to be 0.35-0.42 kg/hm²。

Step D3: checking whether the filtering device is blocked: the controller 21 sends closing instructions to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12 and the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14 through the wireless transceiver 22. And sending an opening instruction to the solenoid valve controller IV 7 and the solenoid valve controller V11 to enable water in the water tank II 8 to enter a pipeline, adjusting the opening degree to enable the reading of the pressure gauge II 17 to be 0.06MPa, and at the moment, closing the solenoid valve controller IV 7 and the solenoid valve controller V11 and simultaneously cleaning the filter 16 if the reading difference between the pressure gauge I15 and the pressure gauge II 17 exceeds 0.02 MPa.

Step D4: wetting the rice field: the controller 21 sends an opening instruction to the solenoid valve controller iv 7, the solenoid valve controller v 11, and the timer 9 through the wireless transceiver 22. And water in the water tank II 8 is dripped and applied to the rice root system for 15min through the capillary I18 and the capillary II 19.

Step D5: micro-nano bubble water is dripped: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV 7 through the wireless transceiver 22, sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, and begins to drip micro-nano bubble water for 20 min.

Step D6: dropwise addition of selenium: the controller 21 sends a closing command to the electromagnetic valve controller v 11 through the wireless transceiver 22. Sending an opening instruction to the solenoid valve controller VI 12 and the solenoid valve controller VII 14, and beginning to drip chelated selenium until the concentration of the chelated selenium in the tank is reduced to 0.005-0.006 kg/hm²。

Step D7: dripping micro-nano bubbles and adding gas water: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller VI 12 and the electromagnetic valve controller VII 14 through the wireless transceiver 22, sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6, the electromagnetic valve controller V11 and the timer 9, and drips micro-nano bubble gas-adding water for 10 min.

Step D8: applying ordinary water dropwise: the controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the solenoid valve controller x 23, the solenoid valve controller i 2, the solenoid valve controller ii 3, and the solenoid valve controller iii 6 via the wireless transceiver 22. And sending an opening instruction to an electromagnetic valve controller IV 7, and dripping water in a water tank II 8 on the rice root system for 15min through a capillary I18 and a capillary II 19.

On the basis of the scheme, when the rice is watered and aerated and fertilized, the dissolved oxygen content is measured by the dissolved oxygen tester, the data is transmitted to the controller 21 by the wireless signal transceiver, and if the dissolved oxygen content is lower than 5-6 mg/L, the drip irrigation system automatically stops watering and aerating.

The controller 21 sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III 6 through the wireless transceiver 22, and the micro-nano bubble generator 5 recycles the closing instruction until the concentration of the micro-nano bubble water reaches 7-9 mg/L, and the drip irrigation system automatically starts watering, air filling and fertilizing.

(2) Construction of ideal regulation body for water, fertilizer and gas micro-habitat of dry farming direct-sowing rice root region

The regulating body consists of a drip irrigation belt, ridges, a mulching film, a dissolved oxygen tester and a soil moisture tester, and a wireless signal transceiver (shown in figure 1). The tape casting type dropper tape can reduce the blocking probability of the dropper and improve the irrigation uniformity. The flow rate of the drip irrigation tape is 2.0-3.0L/h, the wall thickness is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the buried depth is 5-10 cm. The fertilizer plays a role in delivering water, fertilizer (containing selenium fertilizer) and air to the root area of the rice.

The height of the ridge is 15 cm-20 cm, and the cross section of the ridge is isosceles trapezoid. The length of the upper bottom edge of the trapezoid is 90-95 cm, four rows of dry rice are planted on planes 15-20 cm away from the upper bottom edge of the trapezoid by adopting a wide-narrow row method, the row distance of the narrow rows is 15-20 cm, the row distance of the wide rows is 30-40 cm, the row distance of rice on two adjacent ridges is 50-60 cm, and the hole distance of two adjacent rice plants is 15-18 cm. The method improves rice yield by reasonable close planting.

The thickness of the black mulching film is 0.014 mm. During film covering, the ridges are covered by soil filling, and soil layers with the thickness of 0.2-0.5 cm are covered on the ridges, so that the soil layers are prevented from being blown away by wind in the initial stage of sowing.

The method comprises the following steps of burying a soil moisture tester, a dissolved oxygen tester and a wireless signal transceiver in a depth of 9-10 cm of soil. And testing the soil moisture through a soil moisture tester, measuring the dissolved oxygen amount of the soil root zone by a dissolved oxygen tester, and sending the data to a decision platform.

(3) Drip irrigation system capillary arrangement mode and emitter selection method

According to the arrangement mode of the capillary, the operations of arranging the capillary, sowing, fertilizing, ditching, laying the pipe and coating the film are selected to be finished at one time by using a sowing-fertilizing-ditching-pipe laying-film covering integrated machine. The capillary cloth is arranged into (20+40+20) cm of one film and four rows of tubes, and the buried depth of the capillary is 5-10 cm.

The casting type drip tube belt can improve the anti-blocking capability of the irrigator and the irrigation uniformity. The flow rate of the dropper is 2.0-3.0L/h, and the suitable wall thickness is 0.2-0.3 mm.

Meanwhile, a whole-process mechanized cultivation method which is adaptive to the capillary arrangement method is provided, a germination accelerating seed soaking machine is used for accelerating germination, a sowing-pipe laying-fertilizing-ditching-pipe laying-film covering integrated machine is used for completing the sowing of rice, and a GPS tractor is used for accurately harvesting the rice; the whole-process mechanization method can reduce the loss rate of the drip tube belt, so that the cultivation is accurate, and the quality and the yield of the rice can be improved.

(4) Root zone soil water, fertilizer and gas cooperative regulation scheme and critical control threshold

According to different rice varieties, the physiological cycle of rice is set. The principle of the cooperative regulation scheme is that no air is added during irrigation, water is irrigated for at least 15min before and after air addition, and the fertilizer (containing selenium fertilizer) is dissolved by using the air added water, so that the formed cooperative regulation scheme of the water, the fertilizer and the air of the soil in the root zone is as follows:

after sowing, irrigation was carried out 2 times using water depth. After the rice seedlings enter the seedling stage, the moisture content of the soil is measured by using a wireless soil moisture tester, and when the moisture content of the soil is lower than the minimum moisture content of each physiological period, the rice seedlings begin to be aerated by small-cycle irrigation.

The control intervals of the water content of the soil in different periods of the rice are shown in the table 1 (wherein FC is the field water holding capacity)

TABLE 1 Upper and lower limits of control of water content in root zone of paddy rice irrigation soil

The required fertilizer amount of the rice in different growth cycles is different, and in order to improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and carry out precise fertilization on root areas, the required fertilizer amount of the rice shown in the following table 2 is provided:

the fertilization schemes of the rice in different growth periods are shown in the table

TABLE 2 Rice fertilization protocol

Note: applying micro-current growth promoter 3-3.5 kg/mu in the tillering stage.

On the basis of the irrigation and fertilization scheme, a drip irrigation system is utilized to drip and apply chelated selenium to the root system of the rice. The application is carried out 3 times in a total drop in the heading period of the rice. The chelated selenium is required to be dissolved in the differential pressure type fertilization tank 13, and the dripping concentration is 0.35-0.42 kg/hm². Drip application was selected in the morning of a sunny day. It should be noted that after the selenium-enriched liquid is dripped, the water in the differential pressure type fertilization tank 13 should be properly treated to prevent the residual selenium in the tank from polluting the environment.

Example (b): about 4.5 mu of Beijing rice is planted at the China agriculture university test station of housework fruit village in the Tongzhou area of Beijing city. A dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving quality-adjusting cultivation method is adopted.

Firstly, arranging a full pipeline system in a field, and specifically comprising: branch pipe, capillary, ridge, plastic film, dissolved oxygen tester, soil moisture tester, dissolved oxygen tester, wireless signal transceiver.

The main pipe is connected with 1 branch pipe, and the branch pipe is connected with 42 capillary tubes. The pipe diameter of the main pipe is 110mm, and the branch pipe is a PE pipeline with the pipe diameter of 35 mm; the flow casting type drip irrigation tape with the flow rate of 3.0L/h and the wall thickness of 0.2mm is selected as a capillary, and the length of the capillary is 78 m. And controlling the pressure in the pipe to be 0.06MPa during irrigation (during irrigation and fertilization, after reading is stable, observing pressure gauges at two ends of the filter, stopping irrigation and cleaning the filter when the difference between the readings of the two pressure gauges is 0.03-0.04 MPa).

The ridge height is 15cm, and the ridge cross-section is isosceles trapezoid. The length of the upper bottom edge of the trapezoid is 90cm, four rows of dry rice are planted on each plane 15cm away from the upper bottom edge of the trapezoid by adopting a wide-narrow row method, the row distance of the narrow rows is 20cm, the row distance of the wide rows is 40cm, the row distance of rice on two adjacent ridges is 60cm, and the hole distance of two adjacent rice plants is 16 cm. The method improves rice yield by reasonable close planting. The control body was covered with a black mulching film having a thickness of 0.014 mm. When in film covering, the film is covered on the ridge in a soil filling mode, and a soil layer with the thickness of 0.3cm is covered on the ridge.

Three devices, namely a soil moisture tester, a dissolved oxygen tester and a wireless signal transceiver, are buried in the 9cm position of the soil. And testing the soil moisture through a soil moisture tester, measuring the dissolved oxygen amount of the soil root zone by a dissolved oxygen tester, and sending the data to a decision platform.

The rice seeding is finished by using a seeding-pipe laying-fertilizing-ditching-pipe laying-film covering all-in-one machine. The planting mode is 1 film, 1 pipe and 4 rows (20+40+20) cm, the seeding amount is 5 kg/mu, the seed sowing depth is 3cm, each hole has 4 grains, the hole distance is 16cm, the ground surface is required to be smooth, and the soil covering is tight without clear seeds;

use GPS tractor to carry out accurate harvesting to rice

The method for the cooperative control application of water, fertilizer and gas comprises the following steps:

filling water and gas consumption: deeply irrigating for 1 time after sowing, irrigating for 2 times after seedling emergence, and deeply irrigating for 65m after sowing³Per mu, total irrigation of 18m after seedling emergence³Twice a/mu, 9m of common water³9m of aerated water per mu³Per mu. The water content of a soil layer of 10cm below the soil water control film in the seedling emergence stage is controlled to be 70-75% of FC, and the upper limit of the soil water control is FC. And (3) tillering stage: drip irrigation for 4 times. 32m of water is filled each time³16 m/mu of common water³Per mu, 16m of aerated water³Per mu, the dosage is small. The soil moisture of 0-20 cm root layer at the early tillering stage is controlled to be 85% of FC, and the upper limit of soil moisture control is FC. The soil moisture of 0-20 cm root layer in the middle tillering stage is controlled to be 80% of FC, and the upper limit of soil moisture control is FC. And controlling the soil moisture of 0-20 cm root layers at the last tillering stage to be 70% of FC, and controlling the upper limit of the soil moisture to be FC. And (3) in the jointing and booting stage: drip irrigation for 5 times, and irrigation water is 34m each time³17 m/mu of common water³17m of aerated water per mu³Per mu. The soil moisture of 0-20 cm root layers in the jointing and booting period is controlled to be 90% of FC, and the upper limit of soil moisture control is FC. And controlling the soil moisture of 0-30 cm root layers at the late stage of the booting to be 95% of FC, and controlling the upper limit of the soil moisture to be FC. The upper limit of the control of the soil moisture of 0-30 cm root layers in the mature period to be 75% of that of FC is FC. And in the late maturation period, the soil moisture of 0-30 cm root layers is controlled to be 60% of FC, and the upper limit of the soil moisture control is FC.

Heading and flowering period: irrigating for 3 times, and controlling the total irrigation amount at 110m³Per mu, common water 55m³Per mu, aerated water 55m³Per mu. The soil moisture of 0-30 cm root layer in the heading and flowering period is controlled to be 90% of FC, and the upper limit of soil moisture control is FC. The upper limit of the control of the soil moisture of 0-30 cm root layers in the mature period to be 75% of that of FC is FC.

And (3) mature period: irrigating for 3 times, the total amount is controlled at 150m³Per mu, 75m of ordinary water³Per mu, aerated water 75m³Per mu. The upper limit of the control of the soil moisture of 0-30 cm root layers in the mature period to be 75% of that of FC is FC. The soil moisture of 0-30 cm root layer at the late stage of maturation is controlled to be 60% of FC, and the upper limit of soil moisture control is FC

The fertilizer application amount is as follows: and (3) sowing and seedling emergence stage: applying base fertilizer urea 4.4 kg/mu, phosphoric diamine 8.0 kg/mu and potassium sulfate 6.6 kg/mu. And (3) tillering stage: applying micro-current growth promoter 3 kg/mu and urea 10 kg/mu. And (3) in the jointing and booting stage: 8-10 kg of urea and 5kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu. And (3) mature period: no fertilizer is applied.

The dosage of the selenium fertilizer: selenium enrichment of rice is carried out by using chelated selenium. The application is carried out 3 times in a total drop in the heading period of the rice. The chelated selenium is required to be dissolved in a fertilizing tank, and the dripping concentration is 0.35-0.42 kg/hm²。

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) is innovative. Provides a water-saving and quality-adjusting cultivation method for dry farming direct seeding rice by drip irrigation, which uses high-efficiency water-saving and fertilizer-saving and accurate irrigation and fertilization. The water-saving conditioning drip irrigation system and the regulation and control method can automatically perform drip irrigation on the land according to the soil condition. The method provides a capillary arrangement mode and emitter selection which are adaptive to whole-process mechanization, can exert the advantages of a water-saving conditioning drip irrigation system and a regulation method to the maximum, firstly provides a rice cultivation method taking a control body as a unit, and precisely irrigates and fertilizes rice by an automatic control method, so that the utilization rate of water and fertilizer of the rice is improved, the planting density of the rice is improved, and the rice is convenient to harvest. The method for cooperatively regulating and controlling water, fertilizer (selenium-containing fertilizer) and air in soil in root areas firstly puts forward the application of micro-nano bubble water to the cultivation of dry farming direct-seeding rice, improves the soil environment, improves the absorption of the rice to elements such as P and the like, and improves the yield of the riceThe quality and the yield of the rice are improved; the invention firstly proposes that the drip irrigation and the chelated selenium are combined to enrich selenium in the rice, and the selenium applying concentration is 0.35-0.42 kg/hm²。

(2) Practicality and operability. By automatically controlling the water filling and air filling of the rice field, a large amount of manpower is not needed, the soil of the rice root zone is monitored in real time, and the large-scale and standardized planting of the rice can be realized. The water-saving conditioning drip irrigation system provides a regulation and control scheme for water, fertilizer (containing selenium fertilizer) and gas in the soil of the rice root zone, adapts to the physiological characteristics of rice, has the characteristics of water saving and fertilizer saving, and can be popularized in a large area in China; the filter in the head system can filter out underground magazines and fertilizer particles overflowing from the fertilizing tank, and the oxygenation can reduce the biological membrane blockage in the pipe and at the head, thereby prolonging the service life of the full-pipeline system.

(3) And (4) economy. The water can be saved by more than 60 percent and the fertilizer can be saved by 30 percent in the whole growth period. Meanwhile, the rice is only required to be selenium-enriched and aerated by using the existing drip pipe system, so that the aeration is beneficial to improving the yield of the rice and adjusting the quality of the rice; the selenium-rich rice grain has increased selenium content while increasing yield. The provided whole-process mechanized method effectively solves the problems of damage to drip irrigation tape products and unsuitability of population planting density in the mechanized cultivation process of dry farming direct seeding rice, and improves the yield of rice.

Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.

Claims

1. A drip irrigation system, comprising: drip irrigation header systems and drip irrigation field systems;

the drip irrigation header system comprises: the water source, the air-entrapping device, the fertilizing device, the filtering device, the pump room (4), the timer (9), the water meter (10) and the decision platform are used for providing common water, micro-nano bubble water and fertilizer water, and play roles in processing data, receiving or sending instructions, displaying data in real time and sending prompt information;

the drip irrigation field system comprises: the branch pipe, the capillary, the moisture tester, the dissolved oxygen tester and the wireless signal transceiver are used for irrigating and fertilizing the rice root zone and transmitting the water and gas data information of the soil root zone to the drip irrigation header system in real time; the capillary comprises: a capillary I (18) and a capillary II (19);

the water source comprises: the water tank I (1) supplies water for micro-nano bubble water, and the water tank II (8) supplies common water for the system; the gas filling device comprises: a micro-nano bubble generator (5); the decision platform comprises: the flow monitoring meter (20), the controller (21) and the wireless transceiver (22); the fertilizer injection unit includes: an electromagnetic valve controller VI (12), an electromagnetic valve controller VII (14) and a differential pressure type fertilization tank (13); the filtering device includes: a pressure gauge I (15), a pressure gauge II (17) and a filter (16);

the wireless transceiver (22) is connected with the controller (21), the controller (21) is connected with the flow monitoring meter (20), the flow monitoring meter (20) is connected with the pump room (4), the water tank I (1) is respectively connected with the pump room (4) and the micro-nano bubble generator (5), the micro-nano bubble generator (5) is respectively connected with the water tank II (8) and the timer (9), the timer (9) is connected with the water meter (10), the water meter (10) is respectively connected with the pressure gauge I (15) and the electromagnetic valve controller VI (12), the electromagnetic valve controller VI (12) is connected with one end of the differential pressure type fertilization tank (13), the other end of the differential pressure fertilization tank (13) is connected with the electromagnetic valve controller VII (14), the electromagnetic valve controller VII (14) is connected with the pressure gauge I (15), the pressure gauge I (15) is connected with one end of the filter (16), the other end of the filter (16) is connected with the pressure gauge II (17), manometer II (17) and leg joint, the branch pipe is connected with a plurality of capillary I (18) and capillary II (19), buries moisture tester, dissolved oxygen tester and wireless signal transceiver underground in soil 9 ~ 10cm depths, and moisture tester and dissolved oxygen tester all link to each other with the wireless signal transceiver.

2. The drip irrigation system according to claim 1, wherein a solenoid valve controller ii (3) is arranged between the flow monitor (20) and the pump room (4), a solenoid valve controller x (23) is arranged at a water inlet of the water tank i (1), and a solenoid valve controller i (2) is arranged at a water outlet of the water tank i (1); an electromagnetic valve controller III (6) and an electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) are sequentially arranged between the micro-nano bubble generator (5) and the water tank II (8); and an electromagnetic valve controller V (11) is arranged between the water meter (10) and the pressure gauge I (15).

3. A dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving conditioning cultivation method applying the drip irrigation system of any one of claims 1-2, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) planting mode, film covering mode and capillary arrangement of rice:

the film covering mode adopts a black mulching film with the film thickness of 0.014mm, and during film covering, the ridge is covered by a soil filling mode, and a soil layer with the thickness of 0.2-0.5 cm is covered on the ridge, so that the mulching film is prevented from being blown away by wind at the initial stage of sowing;

(2) the integrated machine of seeding, fertilizing, ditching, pipe laying and film covering is hung on a tractor to complete the operations of seeding, base fertilizer adding, ditching, pipe laying and film covering of rice;

4. The dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving conditioning cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the upper and lower control limits of the water content of the soil root area of the rice in different physiological cycles are respectively:

in the maturation period, the lower limit of the water content of the soil root zone is 0-30 cm, the soil moisture of the root layer is controlled to be 75% of that of the FC, and the upper limit of the water content of the soil root zone is FC;

the fertilization scheme of the rice in different physiological periods is as follows:

5. The dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving conditioning cultivation method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the chelated selenium is dripped for 3 times in the heading and flowering period of the rice, and the dripping concentration is 0.35-0.42 kg/hm²The drip application was selected in the morning of a sunny day.

6. The dry farming direct-seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving conditioning cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that after the rice is sowed, the step of using water for irrigation is as follows:

step A1: opening an electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) and an electromagnetic valve controller V (11), enabling water to enter a pipeline from a water tank II (8) and flow into a drip irrigation field system, carrying out drip application for 150min, and after 150min, sending a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) and the electromagnetic valve controller V (11) by a controller (21) through a wireless transceiver (22), and then not watering the drip irrigation field system any more, and simultaneously, measuring the moisture content of a soil root zone once again by using a moisture tester;

7. The dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving conditioning cultivation method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the large circulation watering and air-entrapping comprises the following specific steps:

step B1: micro-nano bubble water air-entrapping preparation: starting an electromagnetic valve controller X (23), an electromagnetic valve controller I (2) and an electromagnetic valve controller II (3), wherein water flow in a water tank I (1) is powered by a pump room (4) and enters a micro-nano bubble generator (5) through a pipeline, and circulates until the concentration of micro-nano bubble water reaches 7-9 mg/L;

step B2: checking whether the filtering device is blocked: opening an electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) and an electromagnetic valve controller V (11) to enable water in a water tank II (8) to enter a pipeline, adjusting the opening degree to enable the reading of a pressure gauge II (17) to be 0.06MPa, and if the reading difference between a pressure gauge I (15) and the pressure gauge II (17) exceeds 0.02MPa, closing the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) and the electromagnetic valve controller V (11) and cleaning a filter (16) at the same time;

step B3: wetting the land with ordinary water: opening a timer (9), an electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) and an electromagnetic valve controller V (11), closing an electromagnetic valve controller III (6) to enable water in a water tank II (8) to enter a pipeline, starting timing by the timer (9), filling water into a drip irrigation field system for 15min,

step B4: micro-nano bubble water is dripped: the controller (21) sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) through the wireless transceiver (22), sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III (6), at the moment, micro-nano bubble water flows into a drip irrigation field system through a main pipeline and is dripped in a rice root area, at the moment, the timer (9) counts again, and the micro-nano bubble water is dripped for 90 min;

step B5: and (3) finishing the large-circulation water filling and air filling: controller (21) will close the instruction and send to solenoid valve controller III (6) through wireless transceiver (22), and open solenoid valve controller IV (7), water in water tank II (8) gets into the pipeline and flows into drip irrigation field system, drip and apply 75min, controller (21) sends and closes the instruction after 75min, send closing instruction to solenoid valve controller X (23) through wireless transceiver (22), solenoid valve controller I (2), solenoid valve controller II (3), solenoid valve controller III (6), solenoid valve controller IV (7), solenoid valve controller V (11), the air entrainment is ended in the major cycle watering.

8. The dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving conditioning cultivation method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the small circulation watering and air-entrapping method comprises the following steps:

step Ba 1: the controller (21) sends an opening instruction to the magnetic valve controller X (23), the electromagnetic valve controller I (2), the electromagnetic valve controller III (6) and the electromagnetic valve controller V (11) through the wireless transceiver (22), the timer (9) starts timing, and micro-nano bubble water is dripped for 15 min;

step Ba 2: applying ordinary water dropwise: the controller (21) sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller X (23), the electromagnetic valve controller I (2) and the electromagnetic valve controller III (6) through the wireless transceiver (22), an opening instruction is sent to the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7), the timer (9) restarts timing, water in the water tank II (8) enters a pipeline and flows into a drip irrigation field system, and the drip irrigation water is poured for 15 min;

step Ba 3: and (3) re-measuring the soil moisture content: the controller (21) sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) through the wireless transceiver (22), stops watering and re-measures the water content of the soil root zone once;

9. The dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving conditioning cultivation method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the step of applying fertilizer to the rice root area in a precise amount is:

step C1: micro-nano bubble water air-entrapping preparation: starting an electromagnetic valve controller X (23), an electromagnetic valve controller I (2) and an electromagnetic valve controller II (3), wherein water flow in a water tank I (1) is powered by a pump room (4) and enters a micro-nano bubble generator (5) through a pipeline, and circulates until the concentration of micro-nano bubble water reaches 7-9 mg/L;

step C2: mixing micro-nano bubble water and fertilizer: opening a solenoid valve controller III (6), a solenoid valve controller VI (12) and a solenoid valve controller VII (14), and fully dissolving the fertilizer in a differential pressure type fertilization tank (13);

step C3: checking whether the filtering device is blocked: the controller (21) sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III (6), the electromagnetic valve controller VI (12) and the electromagnetic valve controller VII (14) through the wireless transceiver (22), sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) and the electromagnetic valve controller V (11), so that water in the water tank II (8) enters a pipeline, the opening degree is adjusted to enable the reading of the pressure gauge II (17) to be 0.06MPa, and if the reading difference between the pressure gauge I (15) and the pressure gauge II (17) exceeds 0.02MPa, the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) and the electromagnetic valve controller V (11) are closed, and meanwhile, the filter (16) is cleaned;

step C4: wetting the rice field with ordinary water: the controller (21) sends an opening instruction to the timer (9), the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) and the electromagnetic valve controller V (11) through the wireless transceiver (22), and water in the water tank II (8) is dripped and applied to the rice root system for 20min through the capillary I (18) and the capillary II (19);

step C5: fertilizer dropping: the controller (21) sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) and the electromagnetic valve controller V (11) through the wireless transceiver (22), and sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller VI (12), the electromagnetic valve controller VII (14) and the electromagnetic valve controller III (6) until fertilizer is completely dripped;

step C6: applying ordinary water dropwise: the controller (21) sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III (6), the electromagnetic valve controller VI (12) and the electromagnetic valve controller VII (14) through the wireless transceiver (22), an opening instruction is sent to the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) and the electromagnetic valve controller V (11), and water in the water tank II (8) is dripped and applied to the rice root system for 15min through the capillary I (18) and the capillary II (19);

step C7: stopping fertilization: the controller (21) sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller I (2), the electromagnetic valve controller II (3), the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7), the electromagnetic valve controller V (11) and the electromagnetic valve controller X (23) through the wireless transceiver (22);

the step of adding the chelate selenium to the root zone of the rice comprises the following steps:

step D1: micro-nano bubble water air-entrapping preparation: starting an electromagnetic valve controller X (23), an electromagnetic valve controller I (2) and an electromagnetic valve controller II (3), wherein water flow in a water tank I (1) is powered by a pump room (4) and enters a micro-nano bubble generator (5) through a pipeline, and circulates until the concentration of micro-nano bubble water reaches 7-9 mg/L;

step D2: mixing micro-nano bubble water and chelate selenium: opening a solenoid valve controller III (6), a solenoid valve controller VI (12) and a solenoid valve controller VII (14), dissolving the chelated selenium in a differential pressure type fertilization tank (13), and adjusting the concentration of the chelated selenium to be 0.35-0.42 kg/hm²；

Step D3: checking whether the filtering device is blocked: the controller (21) sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III (6), the electromagnetic valve controller VI (12) and the electromagnetic valve controller VII (14) through the wireless transceiver (22), sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) and the electromagnetic valve controller V (11), so that water in the water tank II (8) enters a pipeline, the opening degree is adjusted to enable the reading of the pressure gauge II (17) to be 0.06MPa, and if the reading difference between the pressure gauge I (15) and the pressure gauge II (17) exceeds 0.02MPa, the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) and the electromagnetic valve controller V (11) are closed, and meanwhile, the filter (16) is cleaned;

step D4: wetting the rice field: the controller (21) sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7), the electromagnetic valve controller V (11) and the timer (9) through the wireless transceiver (22), and water in the water tank II (8) is dripped and applied to the rice root system for 15min through the capillary I (18) and the capillary II (19);

step D5: micro-nano bubble water is dripped: the controller (21) sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) through the wireless transceiver (22), sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III (6), and begins to drip micro-nano bubble water for 20 min;

step D6: dropwise addition of selenium: the controller (21) sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller V (11) through the wireless transceiver (22), sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller VI (12) and the electromagnetic valve controller VII (14), and begins to drip chelated selenium until the concentration of the chelated selenium in the tank is reduced to 0.005-0.006 kg/hm²；

Step D7: dripping micro-nano bubbles and adding gas water: the controller (21) sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller VI (12) and the electromagnetic valve controller VII (14) through the wireless transceiver (22), sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III (6), the electromagnetic valve controller V (11) and the timer (9), and drips micro-nano bubble aerated water for 10 min;

step D8: applying ordinary water dropwise: the controller (21) sends a closing instruction to the solenoid valve controller X (23), the solenoid valve controller I (2), the solenoid valve controller II (3) and the solenoid valve controller III (6) through the wireless transceiver (22), and sends an opening instruction to the solenoid valve controller IV (7), and water in the water tank II (8) is dripped and applied to the rice root system for 15min through the capillary tube I (18) and the capillary tube II (19);

step D9: stopping fertilization: the controller (21) sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller IV (7) and the electromagnetic valve controller V (11) through the wireless transceiver (22).

10. The dry farming direct seeding rice drip irrigation water-saving conditioning cultivation method as claimed in any one of claims 7-9, wherein when water filling and fertilizer application are carried out on rice, the dissolved oxygen content is measured by a dissolved oxygen tester, data is transmitted to a controller (21) by a wireless signal transceiver, and if the dissolved oxygen content is lower than 5-6 mg/L, a drip irrigation system automatically stops the water filling and the fertilizer application;

the controller (21) sends a closing instruction to the electromagnetic valve controller III (6) through the wireless transceiver (22), and the micro-nano bubble generator (5) recycles the closing instruction until the concentration of the micro-nano bubble water reaches 7-9 mg/L, and the drip irrigation system automatically starts watering, air filling and fertilizing.