CN107996340A - A kind of sugar cane efficient cultivation method based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system - Google Patents
A kind of sugar cane efficient cultivation method based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107996340A CN107996340A CN201711042290.6A CN201711042290A CN107996340A CN 107996340 A CN107996340 A CN 107996340A CN 201711042290 A CN201711042290 A CN 201711042290A CN 107996340 A CN107996340 A CN 107996340A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of sugar cane efficient cultivation method based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system, propose sugar cane underground drip irrigation system arrangement form and sugar cane wide-narrow row planting mode, the service life length of underground drip irrigation system is improved, significantly reduces labor intensity, improves labour productive forces.It also proposed the field management liquid manure gas medicine integrated technique to match with sugar cane underground drip irrigation system, make full use of the full pipeline system of underground drip irrigation to pour water sugar cane, the medicine that applies fertilizer, aerating, effectively increase the yield of sugarcane, promote sugarcane early growth and quick tiller, increasing yield and improving quality, promote peasant household's increasing both production and income.The underground drip irrigation system filter type selecting proposed by the present invention to match with hollow billet arrangement and combination, douche method of congestion control, insect prevention subterranean pest-insect and mouse gnaw destruction methods, ensure that underground drip irrigation system normally and stable operation, improves underground drip irrigation system uniformity of irrigation water appilcation and service life within the Leifsonia phase.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sugar cane cultural method, particularly a kind of sugar cane based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system
Efficient cultivation method.
Background technology
Sugarcane originates in tropical and subtropical region, and in the plantation extensively of these areas.World's sugarcane acreage maximum
Country is Brazil, secondly India, China's ranking the 3rd.Sugarcane is happiness temperature, light crop, wider to the adaptability of soil
It is general, it is preferable with clay loam, red soil, sandy loam.4.5~8.0, sugarcane can grow soil pH value, but with soil pH value 6.5
~7.5 be suitable.Sugarcane is the main sugar crop in China, occupies critical role in China's agricultural economy, its yield and production
Value is only second to grain, oil plant and cotton, occupies the 4th, cultivated area accounts for more than the 85% of the long-term sugar material area in China, and output of sugar accounts for
More than the 90% of sugar total output, Sugarcane Industry is as the mainstay of main producing region economic development and mainly coming for increasing peasant income
Source.
Since the 1990s, there occurs great variety for the production of China's sugar material.First, sugar material base is shifted to west south,
Form Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, four big main producing region of Xinjiang；Second, Sugar Industry develops rapidly, beet sugar industry declines year by year；Three
It is the stable development that the fluctuation of cane planting and sugar price directly influences the income and sugarcane production of sugarcane grower, cane suger
Industry production big rise and big fall；Fourth, Sugar Production cannot meet domestic market consumption demand in most of time.Due to fitting for sugarcane
Ying Xingqiang, in recent years the cultivated area of China sugarcane increase year by year, by 2000/2011 squeeze increase to 2013/ in 1068.62 thousand hectares of season
2014 squeeze 1,816,000 hectares of season, and yield increases to 12820.1 ten thousand tons by 6228.0 ten thousand tons.Positioned at south subtropics monsoon climatic region
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, illumination is sufficient, has plenty of rain, suitable sugarcane production.However, compared with advanced sugar industry country, I
The sugarcane unit yield of state is relatively low, and production cost is higher, and the international competitiveness of product is not strong.Weather is seriously waited by arid
The problems such as influence is big, and yield is unstable, of poor benefits becomes increasingly conspicuous.
Application of the drip irrigation technique on sugarcane is later, until sugarcane price rally in 2002, related personnel just recognize to drip
Irrigation technology is applied to the prospect of sugarcane production, in the sugarcane that 2003 start on 3 farms such as the golden light in Guangxi, Liu Xing, your sugar
Pilot application is carried out in plantation.Application of the trickle irrigation on cane planting mainly has two kinds of sides of drip surface and underground drip irrigation
Formula, wherein, sugar cane underground drip irrigation keeps earth's surface cleaning is dry to provide growth beneficial to do mechanization operation, in time for sugar cane because of it
Required water and nutrient, persistently used in the Leifsonia phase, without it is annual be laid with the characteristic such as recycling drip irrigation zone, be increasingly becoming sugar
Expect the most common application model of sugarcane drip irrigation technique.However, sugar cane underground drip irrigation technique, while fast development, there are following
Problem urgent need to resolve：First, underground drip irrigation system equipment manufacturing cost is higher, about 2000 yuan or so of investment per mu, if peasant individually raises
Money is built, it is clear that over-burden, therefore the characteristic combination liquid manure gas medicine there is an urgent need for giving full play to the full pipeline of underground drip irrigation cooperates with tune
Control, realizes that sugar cane efficiently produces；Secondly underground drip irrigation inhales mud there are negative pressure and root intrusion two is made compared with drip surface
The additional incentives blocked into douche are, it is necessary to which supporting douche blocking preventing measure is poured water with control blocking method, raising system
Even property and system service life；Again, drip irrigation zone is embedded in underground, once worm mouse, which occurs, destroys trickle irrigation during system use
The situation of band is difficult to discover, and needs supporting corresponding measure prevention drip irrigation zone to gnaw the situation of destruction in worm mouse.
At present, many experts and scholars propose cane planting and cultural method, such as：Guilin City field irrigation test center station Lee
It is newly-built to wait the (patent No.：CN201510754496.6) propose a kind of sugar cane trickle irrigation water and fertilizer coupling irrigation method, give each life
Educate the recommendation irrigation quantity and dose, frequency of irrigation and fertilizer application frequency of phase sugar cane.Wei Zhongding (the patent No.s：
CN201310324345.8) propose a kind of sugar cane cultural method, the soil of certain particle diameter is obtained by shining soil, ploughing deeply
Grain, is chosen seeds, is planted, being applied fertilizer, the cultivation step such as weeding on this basis.Above patent was only proposed in sugarcane breeding time
Water and fertilizer management system or the land smoothing measure before broadcasting, but and uncombined sugar cane underground drip irrigation system arrangement form with after system
Period management is safeguarded, it is difficult to great potential of the underground drip irrigation system for sugar cane increasing yield and improving quality is played, for promoting drip irrigation technique
Popularization and application effect in sugar cane is limited.
Based on this, the present invention proposes a kind of suitably in the sugar cane underground drip irrigation liquid manure gas medicine integration of crop field popularity
Efficient Cultivation integration method, by sugarcane underground drip irrigation technique, liquid manure gas medicine integrated technique and underground drip irrigation system final-period management
Maintenance technology organically combines, and establishes the modernization plantation means and management measure of sugar cane, is formed using Liuzhou as typical case
" Guangxi good quality and high output high sugared sugar cane " underground drip irrigation efficient cultivation method.
(1) sugar cane root characteristics and underground drip irrigation system watering supply characteristic are considered, it is proposed that a kind of sugar cane
The hollow billet arrangement form of wide-narrow row planting mode and long-acting type underground drip irrigation system, effectively extend Leifsonia to 6 years with
On, drip irrigation zone is improved when earth's surface is laid with by the situation of worm mouse considerable damage and sugarcane tiller jointing " clamp ", is cut in sugarcane
Drip irrigation zone need not be recycled after receipts, can persistently be used within the Leifsonia phase, be effectively improved underground drip irrigation system uses year
Limit for length's degree, significantly reduces labor intensity, improves production efficiency.
(2) propose and propose that the field management liquid manure gas medicine that sugar cane underground drip irrigation system matches is integrated with (1)
Technology and application process, make full use of the full pipeline system of underground drip irrigation to pour water sugar cane, the medicine that applies fertilizer, aerating, be based on
Sugarcane breeding time needs to pour water in water regulation of fertilizer requirement proposition sugarcane breeding time and fertilizer applications, effectively increases the yield of sugarcane, promotees
Into sugarcane early growth and quick tiller, increasing yield and improving quality, promote peasant household's increasing both production and income.
(3) propose with the hollow billet mentioned in (1) arrange the underground drip irrigation system filter type selecting to match and combination,
Douche method of congestion control, insect prevention subterranean pest-insect and mouse gnaw destruction methods, ensure underground drip irrigation system in Leifsonia
In phase normally and stable operation, underground drip irrigation system uniformity of irrigation water appilcation and service life are improved.
The content of the invention
For defect existing in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide one kind by sugarcane underground drip irrigation technique,
The sugar cane efficient cultivation method that liquid manure gas medicine integrated technique is organically combined with underground drip irrigation system final-period management maintenance technology.
To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that：
A kind of sugar cane efficient cultivation method based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system, comprises the following steps：
(1) sugar cane plantation and the arrangement of underground drip irrigation system：
When new plant cane is planted, sugar cane uses the planting patterns of wide-and narrow-row, and wide row line-spacing is 130cm, and narrow row line-spacing is
50cm, sugarcane kind is parallel to be placed in two row side of narrow row；The drip irrigation zone of underground drip irrigation system (is referred to below 1 block of mulch using " 1 film, 1 pipe, 2 row "
Be laid with 1 drip irrigation zone, 2 row sugarcanes can be irrigated) arrangement form, be layed among narrow row, away from left and right each 25cm of sugarcane kind；Sowing
The preceding thimet by 3% (mass fraction) is spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil after mixing according to 6kg/ mus of dosage with base fertilizer, base fertilizer：It is multiple
Hefei (N-P-K=5-15-3), 150~200kg per mu；
(2) underground drip irrigation, fertilising medicine, aerating integration operation are carried out to sugar cane using underground drip irrigation system：
1. sugar cane underground drip irrigation scheme is as follows：
Budding period：Pour water 1~2 time, each 4~6m per mu that pours water3；
Seedling Stage：Pour water 2~3 times, each 4~6m per mu that pours water3；
Tillering stage：Pour water 1~2 time, each 6~8m per mu that pours water3；
Jointing stage：Pour water 6~8 times, each 8~10m per mu that pours water3；
Maturity period：Pour water 1~2 time, each 4~6m per mu that pours water3；
2. sugar cane fertilising medicine trickle irrigation scheme is as follows：
Seedling Stage：Top dressing 1 time, it is per mu to impose 4~6kg of urea, 4~6kg of phosphoric acid monoamine, 5~6kg of potassium chloride, micro member
Plain fertilizer 0.1kg；
Tillering stage：Top dressing 1~2 time, every time it is per mu impose 6~8kg of urea, 4~6kg of monoammonium phosphate, 5~6kg of potassium chloride,
Trace element fertilizer 0.2kg；
Jointing stage：Top dressing 3~5 times, every time it is per mu impose 10~12kg of urea, 3~5kg of phosphoric acid monoamine, potassium chloride 5~
6kg, trace element fertilizer 0.2kg；
Maturity period：Top dressing 1 time, it is per mu to impose 3~5kg of potassium chloride；
Respectively at the end of April, mid-June and the August junior three period, drip that to apply chlopyrifos stoste dense by underground drip irrigation system
Spend for the compounded pesticides of 50%~70% (volume fraction)；
3. sugar cane aerating trickle irrigation scheme is as follows：
The aerating trickle irrigation that dissolved oxygen concentration is 15~20mg/L is carried out within the sugarcane time of infertility；
(3) drip irrigation zone is rinsed with clear water, acid or chlorine according to actual conditions, prevents douche from blocking.
Start fertilizer applicator by sugarcane pipe laying on the basis of such scheme, in step (1) disposably to complete to start, be laid with
Underground drip irrigation system, spread fertilizer over the fields thimet and base fertilizer mixture three process.
On the basis of such scheme, underground drip irrigation system selection " the low-pressure permeability filter+sandrock filter+folded
The mode of piece filter " tertiary filter combination handles iirigation water source.
On the basis of such scheme, the low-pressure permeability filter is to be triangle or rectangle, inside outside one by interior
The engineering filter of outer sediment trapping net, steel structure frame and pedestal and removable top cover composition；The sediment trapping net uses 60~80 mesh
Mild steel wire sieve, the spacing of inside and outside sediment trapping net is 60cm, and rib type steel gabion layer, low-pressure permeability filter are equipped with outside sieve
Top be equidistantly equipped with 3 removable top covers, bottom is equipped with dodge gate, is filled with the stone of 3 kinds of size grading inside gabion layer respectively
Sand, according to 1.5~2mm of water quality range of choice, 2~2.5mm, 2.5~3mm；The sandrock filter is automatic backwashing type
Sandrock filter, particle diameter of filter medium select 1.70~2.35mm, and backwash flow velocity selects 0.020~0.025m/s, backwashing time
For 10min~15min；The laminated filter uses 4~6 100~120 mesh laminations in parallel.
On the basis of such scheme, the drip irrigation zone is interior edge patch type drip irrigation tape, 25~30cm of buried depth, and flow is
0.6~1.6L/h, wall thickness 0.6mm, water dropper spacing are 40cm.
On the basis of such scheme, the trace element in the trace element fertilizer refers to the compound water-soluble micro member of Chelating state
Element, includes boron, molybdenum, iron, manganese, copper, zinc etc..
On the basis of such scheme, the aerating trickle irrigation is using micro-nano bubble generator or portable aerator.
On the basis of such scheme, irrigation flow rate is not less than 0.5m/s when rinsing drip irrigation zone with clear water in step (3)；With
When acid rinses, hydrochloric acid (mass fraction be 33~35%), sulfuric acid (mass fraction 65%), nitric acid may be selected, and (mass fraction is
60%), phosphoric acid (mass fraction 85%) is used as reagent treatment；
When being rinsed using continuous chlorination, the concentration of chlorine is 3~5mg/L as underground drip irrigation system beginning concentration, 1~2mg/
L is as underground drip irrigation system ends concentration；To be rinsed using regular chlorination, when 1 week or January carry out 1 time, the concentration of chlorine is 5~
10mg/L is as underground drip irrigation system beginning concentration, and 2~3mg/L is as underground drip irrigation system ends concentration；In a Growing season
When carrying out 1 chlorination to underground drip irrigation system immediately after section end and rinsing, the concentration of chlorine is 10~15mg/L as underground drip irrigation
System beginning concentration, 2~3mg/L is as underground drip irrigation system ends concentration.
On the basis of such scheme, when chlorination rinses in step (3), when irrigation clear water 1 is small first, it can add at the same time suitable
Hydrochloric acid is measured, pH in water is controlled 6.
Sugar cane efficient cultivation method of the present invention based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system,
(1) sugar cane underground drip irrigation system arrangement form is proposed, considers sugar cane root characteristics and underground
Drip irrigation system watering supply characteristic, it is proposed that the hollow billet arrangement form of a kind of sugar cane wide-narrow row planting mode and underground drip irrigation system,
Effectively extend Leifsonia to more than 6 years, improve drip irrigation zone when earth's surface is laid with by worm mouse considerable damage and sugarcane point
The situation of tiller jointing " clamp ", improves the service life length of underground drip irrigation system, significantly reduces labor intensity, improves work
Productivity.
(2) propose and propose that the field management liquid manure gas medicine that sugar cane underground drip irrigation system matches is integrated with (1)
Technology, make full use of the full pipeline system of underground drip irrigation to pour water sugar cane, the medicine that applies fertilizer, aerating, based on sugarcane breeding time
Need water regulation of fertilizer requirement to propose to pour water and fertilizer applications in sugarcane breeding time, effectively increase the yield of sugarcane, promote sugarcane early raw
Fast hair, increasing yield and improving quality, promote peasant household's increasing both production and income.
(3) propose with the hollow billet mentioned in (1) arrange the underground drip irrigation system filter type selecting to match and combination,
Douche method of congestion control, insect prevention subterranean pest-insect and mouse gnaw destruction methods, ensure underground drip irrigation system in Leifsonia
In phase normally and stable operation, underground drip irrigation system uniformity of irrigation water appilcation and service life are improved.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention has drawings described below：
Fig. 1 sugar cane wide-narrow row planting modes and long-acting type underground drip irrigation system drip irrigation zone arrangement form schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with attached drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the sugar cane efficient cultivation method of the present invention based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system, including
Following steps：
(1) sugar cane plantation and the arrangement of underground drip irrigation system：
When new plant cane is planted, the fertilizer applicator (patent No. is started by sugarcane pipe laying：CN201320240804.X it is) disposable
Completion starts, is laid with underground drip irrigation system, spreads fertilizer over the fields thimet and base fertilizer mixture three process.Sugar cane uses the kind of wide-and narrow-row
Plant mode, wide row line-spacing are 130cm, and narrow row line-spacing is 50cm, and sugarcane kind is parallel to be placed in two row side of narrow row.The drop of underground drip irrigation system
Fill with the arrangement form (referring to 1 drip irrigation zone of laying below 1 block of mulch, two row sugarcanes can be irrigated) using " 1 film, 1 pipe, 2 row ", paving
Among narrow row, away from left and right each 25cm of sugarcane kind, buried depth about 25~30cm (as shown in Figure 1).It is 0.6~1.6L/ to select flow
H, the interior edge patch type drip irrigation tape (drip irrigation pipe/hollow billet) that wall thickness is 0.6mm, water dropper spacing is 40cm is used as sugar cane underground drip irrigation
The long-acting type drip irrigation zone of system, coordinates drip irrigation zone final-period management maintaining method, can persistently be used within the sugar cane perennial root phase.
(2) underground drip irrigation, fertilising medicine, aerating integration operation are carried out to sugar cane using underground drip irrigation system：
1. sugar cane underground drip irrigation scheme
With " early spring ground moistening promotees seedling, mid-term fertigation coupling, the anti-sugarcane early ageing of Late Irrigation " for principle, with 8 tons/mu
Irrigation Design is carried out for target output.Sugar cane underground drip irrigation irrigation program is as follows.
Budding period：Pour water 1~2 time, each 4~6m per mu that pours water3；
Seedling Stage：Pour water 2~3 times, each 4~6m per mu that pours water3；
Tillering stage：Pour water 1~2 time, each 6~8m per mu that pours water3；
Jointing stage：Pour water 6~8 times, each 8~10m per mu that pours water3；
Maturity period：Pour water 1~2 time, each 4~6m per mu that pours water3；
The time of infertility：Pour water altogether 11~17 times, the 70~138m per mu that pours water3。
The medicine trickle irrigation scheme 2. sugar cane is applied fertilizer
According to the principle of " nutrition with growth demand is combined, organic fertilizer is combined with inorganic fertilizer, depot fertilizer is combined with quick-acting fertilizer ",
This method requirement use sufficient base fertilizer, it is early apply carry seed manure, it is steady apply attack fetilizer for tillering, stem fertilizer is attacked in heavy dressing, adds strong tail fertilizer.Sugar cane underground drip irrigation
Liquid manure gas medicine integrated high-efficiency cultural method fertilizer applications are as follows：
Base fertilizer：Composite fertilizer (N-P-K=5-15-3), 150~200kg per mu；
Seedling Stage：Top dressing 1 time, it is per mu to impose 4~6kg of urea, 4~6kg of phosphoric acid monoamine, 5~6kg of potassium chloride, micro member
Plain fertilizer 0.1kg；
Tillering stage：Top dressing 1~2 time, every time it is per mu impose 6~8kg of urea, 4~6kg of monoammonium phosphate, 5~6kg of potassium chloride,
Trace element fertilizer 0.2kg；
Jointing stage：Top dressing 3~5 times, every time it is per mu impose 10~12kg of urea, 3~5kg of phosphoric acid monoamine, potassium chloride 5~
6kg, trace element fertilizer 0.2kg；
Maturity period：Top dressing 1 time, it is per mu to impose 3~5kg of potassium chloride.
The time of infertility：Fertilizer is imposed altogether 6~10 times, it is per mu to impose 40~82kg of urea, 17~43kg of phosphoric acid monoamine, chlorination
28~53kg of potassium, 0.9~1.5kg of trace element fertilizer.Wherein, trace element refers to the compound water-soluble trace element of Chelating state, comprising boron,
Molybdenum, iron, manganese, copper, zinc etc..
3. sugar cane aerating trickle irrigation scheme
Aerating irrigation is carried out to sugarcane root area using micro-nano bubble generator, micro-nano bubble generator can be connected on
The stem of underground drip irrigation system, aerating trickle irrigation is carried out in plot in need；Portable aerator can also be used to pass through field
Valve carries out aerating.Sugar cane growing area is mostly red soil, red earth Deng Chong clays area, and soil aeration is poor, and water and fertilizer utilization rate is low,
In sugarcane tillering stage, jointing stage according to dissolved oxygen concentration aerating trickle irrigation can be carried out for 15~20mg/L.If conditions permit, it is proposed that
The aerating trickle irrigation that dissolved oxygen concentration is 15~20mg/L is carried out in the sugarcane time of infertility.
(3) underground drip irrigation system safe operation maintaining method
1. combination of filters mode and type selecting
The mode of " low-pressure permeability filter+sandrock filter+laminated filter " tertiary filter combination is selected to irrigating
Water source is handled.Using low-pressure permeability filter as primary filter, it is triangle or rectangle outside one which, which is, interior
The engineering filter that portion is made of inside and outside sediment trapping net, steel structure frame and pedestal and removable top cover.Sediment trapping net uses 60~80
Mesh mild steel wire sieve, the spacing of inside and outside sediment trapping net is 60cm, is equipped with rib type steel gabion layer outside sieve, plays a supportive role.
The top of engineering filter is equidistantly equipped with 3 removable top covers, and for back-up sand, bottom is equipped with dodge gate, easy to sand discharge.Gabion layer
Inside is filled with the quartz sand of 3 kinds of size grading respectively, can be according to 1.5~2mm of water quality range of choice, 2~2.5mm, 2.5~3mm.
1.70~2.35mm is selected as secondary filter, particle diameter of filter medium using automatic backwashing type sandrock filter, backwashes flow velocity
0.020~0.025m/s is selected, backwashing time is 10min~15min.Using 4~6 100~120 mesh lamination mistakes in parallel
Filter is as tertiary filter.
2. the stifled measure of drip irrigation zone control
Periodic flushing hollow billet：When rinsing hollow billet, irrigation flow rate is recommended to be not less than 0.5m/s.Ensuring the premise of irrigation flow rate
Under, the trickle irrigation end of tape plug that certain amount needs to rinse is opened, starts to rinse until clear water flows out；Trickle irrigation end of tape is blocked to block up
Head；Repeat above step other drip irrigation zones are continued to rinse, rinse and finish until all drip irrigation zones.Drip irrigation zone can be beaten when rinsing
Switch valve closing door 3 times, pressure is produced fluctuation, douche enters self-cleaning pattern auto-flushing dirt.After heavy rain, soil
Particle can enter douche and result in blockage, and should arrange to rinse once in 1~2 day after surface runoff, be poured water with reducing
The risk that device blocks.
Regular acid adding is rinsed：Acid adding rinse, selected sour concentration depending on required pH value, short time treatment (10~
PH value is 2 when 30min), and pH value is 4 during continuous processing.Hydrochloric acid (mass fraction is 33~35%), sulfuric acid (quality point may be selected
Number for 65%), nitric acid (mass fraction 60%), phosphoric acid (mass fraction 85%) be used as reagent treatment, for reduce danger,
Recommend phosphoric acid (compound concentration) reagent that concentration is 0.6%.When acid adding is rinsed, 1h is irrigated with clear water first, is dripped in underground
Quantitative acid solution as obtained by calculating is added in the acid storage tank of fill system, is added into by the note fertilizer pump of underground drip irrigation system
The stem of underground drip irrigation system, fills underground drip irrigation system by the irrigation water containing normal concentration acid after filtration；Will be each
Level valve close, " water of acidifying " is stayed in 30~60min in underground drip irrigation system, finally irrigate again 1 it is small when clear water, ensure
Root region soil pH value returns to the level of before processing.
Regular chlorination rinses：Algae or bacterial number are very high in water quality, or are added in the case of iron manganese content height using continuous
Chlorine rinses, it is recommended to use the concentration of chlorine is dripped for 3~5mg/L as underground drip irrigation system beginning concentration, 1~2mg/L as underground
Fill system ends concentration.The flushing of regular chlorination can be used in the case of condition of water quality is preferable, 1 week or January carries out 1 time, recommends to make
Concentration by the use of chlorine is dense as underground drip irrigation system end as underground drip irrigation system beginning concentration, 2~3mg/L for 5~10mg/L
Degree.1 chlorination is carried out to underground drip irrigation system after a season of growth immediately to rinse, it is recommended to use the concentration of chlorine is 10
~15mg/L is as underground drip irrigation system beginning concentration, and 2~3mg/L is as underground drip irrigation system ends concentration.When chlorination rinses,
When irrigation clear water 1 is small first, appropriate hydrochloric acid can be added at the same time, pH in water is controlled 6 or so, to strengthen the bactericidal effect of chlorine,
Under normal conditions, 1m3240ml hydrochloric acid is added in water.During chlorination every 10 minutes capillary end water sampling test chlorine residue it is dense
Degree, ensures that underground drip irrigation system end residual chlorine concentration is consistent with design load.Underground drip irrigation system is out of service after chlorination
12h, afterwards irrigate 1 it is small when or so clear water.
3. drip irrigation zone protection against rodents worm destroys measure
Active constituent content is mixed for the thimet of 3% (mass fraction) according to 6kg/ mus of dosage with base fertilizer before sowing
Spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil after uniformly, be subject to worm mouse to gnaw to prevent drip irrigation zone, subterranean pest-insect and snout moth's larva is anti-during sugarcane production
Control mainly by the end of April, mid-June and the August junior three period, by computer room fertilization system by 50%~70% (volume integral
Number) high concentration the stoste such as chlopyrifos based on compounded pesticides by underground drip irrigation system, be transported to around sugarcane root zone,
To tag, feed poison, it is stifling in a manner of achieve the purpose that to prevent underground and ground pest.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment：About 85 mu of sugar canes are planted on farm in Liuzhou City of autonomous region osmanthus, Guangxi.Hilly ground at the middle peasant place of osmanthus
Looks class area, height above sea level is more in below 500m, and soil-forming rock is based on sandstone, and soil is based on yellow-red soil soil, the land equalization gradient
Below 13 °.Trial zone category subtropical monsoon climate, 20 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, average annual rainfall 1252.7mm, year sunshine number of days
180d, frost-free period 300d.Select sugarcane research institute breeding product osmanthus, Guangxi academy of agricultural sciences sugar 42.The kind have plant it is tall and big,
Uprightly, uniformly, the advantages that germination rate is high, lodging tolerance is strong, belongs to the excellent production type kind of high yield.
Water source is by the way of the combination filtering of " low-pressure permeability+sandstone+lamination " three-level.Wherein, low-pressure permeability filter is adopted
With rectangular in form, sediment trapping net uses 60 mesh mild steel wire sieves, and inside and outside sieve spacing 60cm, being filled with quartz sand particle size is respectively
1.5mm、2mm、2.5mm.1.70mm is selected as secondary filter, particle diameter of filter medium using automatic backwashing type sandrock filter,
Backwash flow velocity selection 0.022m/s, backwashing time 10min.Made using 6 100~120 mesh laminated filters in parallel
For tertiary filter.
(1) sugar cane planting patterns and drip irrigation zone arrangement form
Sugar cane uses the planting patterns (130cm+50cm) of wide-and narrow-row, and field hollow billet uses the arrangement of " 1 film, 1 pipe, 2 row "
Form, drip irrigation zone are laid among narrow row, and apart from the right and left each 25cm of sugarcane kind, the depth of burying is 25~30cm.Select wall thickness
For the interior edge patch type drip irrigation tape (or drip irrigation pipe) of 0.6mm, water dropper spacing is 40cm, flow 1.38L/h.
(2) sugar cane pour water, aerating, fertilising prescription case
Use time of infertility dissolved oxygen concentration to pour water altogether 13 times for the micro-nano air-bubble oxygenation trickle irrigation of 15mg/L, fill
It is 87m to irrigate total amount3/ mu, it is per mu before sowing to spread fertilizer over the fields 150kg composite fertilizers (13-6-10, total nutrient >=29%) and 6kg thimets
(3%), 51kg/ mus of urea, 22kg/ mus of monoammonium phosphate, 38kg/ mus of potassium chloride and trace element fertilizer are imposed in breeding time altogether
1.1kg/ mus, including：
Budding period：Pour water 1 time, irrigating water quota 5m3/ mu, irrigation norm 10m3/ mu.
Seedling Stage：Pour water 3 times, irrigating water quota 5m3/ mu, irrigation norm 15m3/ mu；Top dressing 1 time, drop apply urea 5kg/
Mu, 5kg/ mus of monoammonium phosphate, 6kg/ mus of potassium chloride and 0.1kg/ mus of trace element fertilizer.
Tillering stage：Pour water 1 time, irrigating water quota 7m3/ mu, irrigation norm 7m3/ mu；Top dressing 2 times, drips apply urea every time
0.2kg/ mus of 7kg/ mus, 4kg/ mus of monoammonium phosphate, 5kg/ mus of potassium chloride and trace element fertilizer.
Jointing stage：Pour water 6 times, irrigating water quota 8m3/ mu, irrigation norm 48m3/ mu；In jointing early period, jointing mid-term
Dripped respectively with the jointing later stage and apply 12kg/ mus of urea, 3kg/ mus of monoammonium phosphate, 6kg/ mus of potassium chloride and trace element fertilizer 0.2kg/
Mu.
Maturity period：Pour water 2 times, irrigating water quota 6m3/ mu, irrigation norm 12m3/ mu；Top dressing 1 time, drop apply potassium chloride
4kg/ mus.
Respectively at the end of April, that mid-June and the August junior three period by underground drip irrigation system drop apply 50%~70% is high
Compounded pesticides based on the stostes such as the chlopyrifos of concentration.
(3) underground drip irrigation system maintenance and management
Pipe flushing is carried out in breeding time altogether 4 times, irrigation flow rate selection 0.5m/s.Cut in sugarcane and harvest into rear carry out underground
Drip irrigation system chlorination rinses 1 time, and using 10mg/L as underground drip irrigation system beginning concentration, 2mg/L is as underground drip irrigation system
System ends concentration, while hydrochloric acid is added, make pH controls underground drip irrigation system after 6 or so, chlorination in water out of service
12h, clear water when irrigation 1 is small afterwards.Cut in sugarcane and harvest into the rear phosphoric acid conduct processing for carrying out acid adding flushing 1 time, selecting 0.6%
Reagent.During flushing, clear water 1h is irrigated, the acid solution configured is added by subirrigation system by the note fertilizer pump of underground drip irrigation system
Stem, the irrigation water containing normal concentration acid is filled into subirrigation system after filtration, valves at different levels are closed
60min, finally irrigate again 1 it is small when clear water.Second year takes out the progress flow rate test of drip irrigation zone 5 in diverse location, as a result table
Bright drip irrigation zone keeps more than 80% with respect to average discharge, and uniformity of irrigation water appilcation is maintained at more than 90%.
The content not being described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. sugar cane efficient cultivation method based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：(1) sugar cane plantation and the arrangement of underground drip irrigation system：When new plant cane is planted, sugar cane uses the planting patterns of wide-and narrow-row, and wide row line-spacing is 130cm, and narrow row line-spacing is 50cm, Sugarcane kind is parallel to be placed in two row side of narrow row；The drip irrigation zone of underground drip irrigation system is layed in narrow using the arrangement form of " 1 film, 1 pipe, 2 row " Among row, away from left and right each 25cm of sugarcane kind；The thimet that mass fraction is 3% is mixed according to 6kg/ mus of dosage with base fertilizer before sowing Spread fertilizer over the fields in the soil after closing uniformly, the base fertilizer is composite fertilizer N-P-K：5-15-3,150~200kg per mu；(2) underground drip irrigation, fertilising medicine, aerating integration operation are carried out to sugar cane using underground drip irrigation system：1. sugar cane underground drip irrigation scheme is as follows：Budding period：Pour water 1~2 time, each 4~6m per mu that pours water3；Seedling Stage：Pour water 2~3 times, each 4~6m per mu that pours water3；Tillering stage：Pour water 1~2 time, each 6~8m per mu that pours water3；Jointing stage：Pour water 6~8 times, each 8~10m per mu that pours water3；Maturity period：Pour water 1~2 time, each 4~6m per mu that pours water3；2. sugar cane fertilising medicine trickle irrigation scheme is as follows：Seedling Stage：Top dressing 1 time, it is per mu to impose 4~6kg of urea, 4~6kg of phosphoric acid monoamine, 5~6kg of potassium chloride, trace element fertilizer 0.1kg；Tillering stage：Top dressing 1~2 time, the every time 6~8kg of urea, 4~6kg of monoammonium phosphate, 5~6kg of potassium chloride, micro per mu of imposing Element fertilizer 0.2kg；Jointing stage：Top dressing 3~5 times, the every time 10~12kg of urea, 3~5kg of phosphoric acid monoamine, 5~6kg of potassium chloride, micro- per mu of imposing Secondary element fertilizer 0.2kg；Maturity period：Top dressing 1 time, it is per mu to impose 3~5kg of potassium chloride；Respectively at the end of April, mid-June and the August junior three period, dripped by underground drip irrigation system and apply chlopyrifos original liquid concentration and be 50%~70% compounded pesticides；3. sugar cane aerating trickle irrigation scheme is as follows：The aerating trickle irrigation that dissolved oxygen concentration is 15~20mg/L is carried out within the sugarcane time of infertility；(3) drip irrigation zone is rinsed with clear water, acid or chlorine according to actual conditions, prevents douche from blocking.
- 2. the sugar cane efficient cultivation method based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that： Start fertilizer applicator by sugarcane pipe laying in step (1) disposably to complete to start, be laid with underground drip irrigation system, spread fertilizer over the fields thimet and bottom Fertile mixture three process.
- 3. the sugar cane efficient cultivation method based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that： The side of underground drip irrigation system selection " low-pressure permeability filter+sandrock filter+laminated filter " tertiary filter combination Formula handles iirigation water source.
- 4. the sugar cane efficient cultivation method based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that： The low-pressure permeability filter is to be triangle or rectangle, inside outside one by inside and outside sediment trapping net, steel structure frame and pedestal With the engineering filter of removable top cover composition；The sediment trapping net uses 60~80 mesh mild steel wire sieves, between inside and outside sediment trapping net Away from rib type steel gabion layer is equipped with for 60cm, sieve outside, the top of low-pressure permeability filter is equidistantly equipped with 3 movable tops Lid, bottom are equipped with dodge gate, are filled with the quartz sand of 3 kinds of size grading inside gabion layer respectively, and particle size range is selected according to water quality For 1.5~2mm, 2~2.5mm, 2.5~3mm quartz sand；The sandrock filter is automatic backwashing type sandrock filter, Particle diameter of filter medium select 1.70~2.35mm, backwash flow velocity select 0.020~0.025m/s, backwashing time for 10min~ 15min；The laminated filter uses 4~6 100~120 mesh laminations in parallel.
- 5. the sugar cane efficient cultivation method based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that： The drip irrigation zone is interior edge patch type drip irrigation tape, and 25~30cm of buried depth, flow is 0.6~1.6L/h, wall thickness 0.6mm, water dropper Spacing is 40cm.
- 6. the sugar cane efficient cultivation method based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that： Trace element in the trace element fertilizer refers to the compound water-soluble trace element of Chelating state, includes boron, molybdenum, iron, manganese, copper, zinc.
- 7. the sugar cane efficient cultivation method based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that： The aerating trickle irrigation is using micro-nano bubble generator or portable aerator.
- 8. the sugar cane efficient cultivation method based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that： Irrigation flow rate is not less than 0.5m/s when rinsing drip irrigation zone with clear water in step (3)；When being rinsed with acid, select mass fraction for 33~ The phosphoric acid conduct that nitric acid that sulfuric acid that 35% hydrochloric acid, mass fraction are 65%, mass fraction are 60%, mass fraction are 85% Reagent treatment；When being rinsed using continuous chlorination, the concentration of chlorine is made for 3~5mg/L as underground drip irrigation system beginning concentration, 1~2mg/L For underground drip irrigation system ends concentration；Using regular chlorination rinse, 1 week or January progress 1 time when, the concentration of chlorine is 5~10mg/L As underground drip irrigation system beginning concentration, 2~3mg/L is as underground drip irrigation system ends concentration；Terminate in a season of growth When carrying out 1 chlorination flushing to underground drip irrigation system immediately afterwards, the concentration of chlorine begins for 10~15mg/L as underground drip irrigation system Concentration is held, 2~3mg/L is as underground drip irrigation system ends concentration.
- 9. the sugar cane efficient cultivation method based on long-acting type underground drip irrigation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that： When chlorination rinses in step (3), when irrigation clear water 1 is small first, while appropriate hydrochloric acid is added, pH in water is controlled 6.
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