CN107278631B - method for controlling powdery mildew and anthracnose and cultivating landscape type dendrobenthamia japonica based on interspecific grafting - Google Patents
method for controlling powdery mildew and anthracnose and cultivating landscape type dendrobenthamia japonica based on interspecific grafting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling powdery mildew and anthracnose and cultivating landscape type tetrapods based on interspecific grafting, which comprises the steps of selecting 2 ~ 3-year seedlings or adult big trees of east Asia tetrapods species which are wide in distribution, strong in resistance and vigorous in growth as rootstocks, taking a plurality of North America tetrapods cultivars which are high in ornamental value and susceptible to the powdery mildew and the anthracnose as scions, adopting bud grafting with flower buds in early spring and adopting bud grafting in autumn to obtain interspecific grafting plants with strong disease resistance and adaptability, and managing after grafting to obtain a plurality of layered high-grafting crown landscape type tetrapods.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to a method for controlling powdery mildew and anthracnose and cultivating landscape type common flowering plants based on interspecific grafting, belonging to the technical field of plant grafting propagation technology and plant variety disease control.
Background
The tetraphylla (Cornus) is a dogwood (Cornaceae) plant and is named due to the fact that two pairs of symmetrical petal-shaped large bracts are arranged outside inflorescence, the tetraphylla is attractive in tree shape, round and umbrella-shaped, branches are horizontally extended and well-arranged, the flowering period of the tetraphylla is generally in the beginning of spring and summer, more leaves and leaves are arranged after flowers and leaves are planted in North America, the buds are milky, pink and deep red in color, the flowers are large in number and are full of flowers when flowers bloom, bee butterflies dance, the ripe fruits are red in autumn, leaves are remained for 1 month in early spring, leaves are changeable in color in early spring, fallen leaves are bright red/green, evergreen leaves are bright red/green, leaves are gradually changed into red, the tetraphylla has the characteristics of colorful leaves, colorful flowers and colorful fruits which are enjoyed in autumn, flores and autumn, the northern flores are the pacific flowering cherries of the northern jalapachene, the northern japonia, the northern jacarassia flowering tree, the northern jalapachene, the northern jacarassian and the flowering season is an everia, the pacific flower, the northern jacaraway.
Cornus florida C. kousa C. kousa C. florida C. nuttalliiThe great-flowered flowers are divided into great-flowered flowers in east Asia and great-flowered flowers in North America, the great-flowered flowers in east Asia are mainly distributed in China and comprise 2 major varieties of evergreen and deciduous varieties, the evergreen varieties comprise great-flowered flowers in Japan, great-flowered flowers in east Jing, beautiful flowers in south Africa and hong Kong flowers, the great-flowered flowers in 6 months are in the middle and middle of the flowering period, the deciduous flowers in the middle and middle of the flowering period 4 months are white in bracts, have excellent resistance, and no cultivated varieties are reported so far, the great-flowered flowers in North America comprise 2 varieties of great-flowered flowers, pacific flowers in four flowers and 1 variety of Mexico flowers, are small deciduous trees, are mainly distributed in America, Canada and Mexico flowers, and more than 100 cultivated varieties mainly comprise 3 series of great-flowered flowers, Japanese flowers and great-flowered flowers, the great-flowered flowers and the great-flowered flowers in northern-roses, the same series, the great-flowered varieties of Sagnac, Chi flowers, the great-roses, the white variety 3626', the great-pink variety of the northern-roses, the great-growing variety 3626, the great-pink variety of the northern-brandy variety, the northern-3-3626, the great-3.
due to the good ornamental characteristics of the North American type cultivar of the four-flower flowering plant, the cultivar is introduced into China in large quantities in recent years. However, the cultivated species are easily infected with powdery mildew and anthracnose in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river in China due to high temperature and high humidity in summer, so that the survival rate of the introduced species is low (about 10%), the tree vigor is poor in growth, and the ornamental value is obviously influenced. The east Asia flowering plants such as evergreen flowering plants of hongkong, Tokyo flowering plants and narrow leaf flowering plants, and fallen flowering plants of Chinese flowering plants all have the characteristics of strong disease resistance (powdery mildew and anthracnose) and vigorous growth.
The cultivar of the North American four-flower flowering plant is a grafted seedling, and the large flower four-flower flowering plant is mostly used as a stock, so the cultivar has good performance in the United states and Canada, but has the performance of susceptibility to diseases and poor adaptability in China, so the introduced cultivar has poor resistance to powdery mildew and anthracnose, has weak adaptability and is difficult to survive. At present, no effective method for controlling powdery mildew and anthracnose of the North American dendrophilus variegatus cultivar exists, and the popularization and application of the North American dendrophilus variegatus cultivar in China are greatly limited.
powdery mildew is obligate parasitic bacteria and can circularly infect host plants for many times; anthracnose mainly occurs in plant leaves, has latency, is not easy to be found in early stage, and spores of two pathogenic bacteria can be spread in a large scale through air, and usually outbreak of powdery mildew and anthracnose in a large scale in plum rain season. Some of the flowering Chinese flowering quince varieties and the like begin to express until the diseases in the middle stage of infection, and are immediately smeared or sprayed with chemical bactericides for control, so that the workload is large, the environmental pollution is also large, and the control effect is not obvious.
At present, ornamental trees in China are numerous, but the flowering period is mostly concentrated in 3 ~ 4 months, flowering trees in 5 ~ 6 months are few, most ornamental trees are large and are not suitable for garden cultivation with small area, the tetrakiss flowers are small trees with well-layered crowns, different cultivars comprise first-flower-later-leaf varieties, flower-leaf-simultaneous-placing varieties and first-leaf-later-flower varieties, the flowering period runs through 4 ~ 6 months, autumn fruits and autumn leaves are bright red, spring leaves are bright red, the tetrakiss cultivars in North America and Canada are not only flowers and provinces in the United states and Canada, but also are introduced to Japan and Korea in large quantities, and become landmark garden configurations in North America and east Asia countries.
Disclosure of Invention
the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, provide a method for controlling powdery mildew and anthracnose and cultivating landscape type tetrandra based on interspecific grafting, and effectively control the influence of the powdery mildew and the anthracnose on the adaptability and the ornamental effect of the variety of the North American tetrandra cultivated species by utilizing the interspecific grafting technology. The method has the advantages that the local high disease resistance and vigorous growth of the east Asia dendrobenthamia species are used as the rootstocks, so that the disease resistance and adaptability of the scions are greatly improved, the survival rate and adaptability of introduced cultivars are improved, and the ornamental value of the cultivars is fully reflected.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for controlling powdery mildew and anthracnose and cultivating landscape type tetrapods based on interspecific grafting, which is characterized in that 2 ~ 3-year seedlings or adult big trees of east Asia tetrapods with wide distribution, strong resistance and vigorous growth are selected as rootstocks, a plurality of North American tetrapods cultivars which have high ornamental value and are susceptible to powdery mildew and anthracnose are selected as scions, the scions are grafted by flower buds in early spring and in autumn, interspecific grafting plants with strong disease resistance and adaptability are obtained, and a plurality of layered high-grafting crown landscape type tetrapods are obtained through management after grafting.
Furthermore, the scion grafted with the flower buds in early spring is a branch with the flower buds of 2 ~ 3 years, so that the fruit can be bloomed and fruited in the second year after grafting, and the scion grafted with the buds in autumn is a full and robust bud on the current-year lignified branch, so that grafting can be realized for 2 times in one year, and the shaping speed of the crown is accelerated.
Further, the grafting specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting stock, namely selecting 2 ~ 3-year-old seedlings or adult plants of the east Asia flowering plant with wide distribution and strong resistance as the stock, wherein the stocks require robustness, no plant diseases and insect pests and straight stem shapes, and the adult plants require clear tree crown layers, the height under branches is more than 1.5m and the diameter at breast height is more than 5cm, which is a necessary condition for the rapid culture and forming of landscape type flowering plants;
2) Pruning and pruning a 2 ~ 3-year-old stock for culturing grafted seedlings, namely pruning all lateral branches before grafting and only reserving a main stem, pruning twigs and weak branches in each layer for culturing adult plants of landscape type four-flower buds, reserving 3 ~ 5 lateral branches with the diameter larger than 0.8cm in each layer and pruning layers on the main stem at intervals of 1.0 ~ 1.2.2 m for plants with less distinct crown layers, pruning the upper layer branches of the main stem and reserving 3 ~ 5 lateral branches with the uniform horizontal distribution in each layer, pruning and reserving 3 ~ 5 layers according to the whole crown structure, and realizing sufficient flowering space and enhancing the ornamental effect by layered culture;
3) selecting a scion, wherein the scion is taken from branches at the periphery of a crown of a flowering cultivar which grows vigorously and has no diseases and insect pests in early spring, and branches with plump buds, no diseases and insect pests and strong flowering buds of 2 ~ 3 years are selected as the scions, the thickness of the scion is required to be 0.3 ~ 0.5.5 cm, the length of the scion is 5 ~ 8cm, the length and thickness of the scion with flowers are required to be certain, sufficient nutrients are provided for flowering and fructification in the second year after grafting, conditions are provided for rapidly culturing landscape type four-year flowers, and the scion is taken from plump and robust buds on the lignified branches in the current year in the early autumn;
4) The grafting method comprises the steps of culturing 2 ~ 3-year-old plants of grafted seedlings, and adopting the branch grafting with flower buds in spring, culturing adult plants of landscape-type four-flower trees, firstly adopting the branch grafting with flower buds in spring for preliminary modeling, and then carrying out the bud grafting on the parts with the crown shape being not full in autumn, and adopting the cleft grafting, one branch and one ear for the stock branches with the diameter of more than 1.0cm, and adopting the cutting grafting for the stock branches with the diameter of less than 1.0cm and less than 0.5 cm;
Furthermore, the scion variety is selected from ornamental varieties with different flowering phases, flower colors and flower types to be combined in a plurality of varieties, and during grafting, a plurality of ornamental varieties are simultaneously subjected to layered grafting or grafting for 2 ~ 3 times in a year.
further, the method for preparing the scion comprises the following steps:
Cutting the branch spike into wedge shape to expose cambium, wherein the lengths of two cutting surfaces are equal and are 2 ~ 3cm long, and the two cutting surfaces are used as cleft grafting scions;
cutting the branch spike into two cut surfaces with a long cut surface length of 3cm by using a cutting and grafting knife, and cutting a short cut surface of 1cm on the opposite side of the long cut surface length to serve as a cutting and grafting spike;
transversely cutting a bud grafting knife at a position 0.5cm above the scion bud to a depth reaching xylem, obliquely cutting a bud at a position 1.5-0.2 cm below the bud along the direction of a branch, wherein the length of the bud is larger than that of a transverse cutting edge, and cutting into 1 ~ 2cm pellagoid buds serving as bud grafting scions;
further, the method for making the rootstock comprises the following steps:
When grafting in spring, the rootstock needs to be 'head-removed', namely, the branch of the rootstock is cut off by using a branch shear or a cutting and grafting knife, and the cutting and grafting knife is used for vertically cutting off from the cutting surface to form a cut opening with the depth of 1 ~ 1.5.5 cm as a cutting and grafting rootstock;
The grafting of the rootstock in autumn does not need to remove the head, the grafting still belongs to the vigorous growth period at the moment, and the nutrient synthesized by the rootstock branch without removing the head can accelerate the survival of the bud and provide the nutrient required by the growth in autumn. Transversely cutting a smooth part of the stock trunk by using a budding cutter, longitudinally cutting a T-shaped cut under a transverse cutter opening, and stripping a lateral cortex by using a cutter opening to serve as a budding interface; the bud grafting interface area is large, which is beneficial to improving the survival rate of the scion.
Further, during grafting, the cut of the scion is tightly attached to the forming layer of the stock and is wrapped by a film. The branch grafting is bound by a film, the interface of the scion and the stock needs to be tightly wrapped, the cut at the upper part of the scion is covered, the bud body of the branch and the ear is exposed, and the water evaporation caused by the cut on the branch and the ear is avoided; the bud and spike are bound in a totally-closed way by the film for bud grafting, so that the ear and spike bud are in a high-humidity environment, bud body dehydration caused by high-temperature drought in autumn is avoided, and the bud grafting survival rate in autumn is improved.
And further, the method comprises the management after grafting, wherein the binding film is removed 20 ~ 30d after the grafting in spring, the sprout on the stock is removed in time, the nutrient competition with the scion is reduced, the growth speed of the scion is accelerated, the sprout is removed for 3 ~ 5 times in time in the current year of the grafting, the sprout of the stock is inhibited after 1 year, the scion grows fast and has more branches after survival after grafting, excessive branches of the scion needing to be cut off after 2 months of the grafting, the top bud of the tetrapods grows weakly, the side branch below the top bud is removed in time, the elongation growth of the top bud is promoted, and the crown modeling is accelerated.
Further, management after grafting comprises that the scion in autumn is grafted 15 ~ 20d after grafting, the rootstock is 'de-headed', namely, the rootstock is cut at a position 5cm above a survival scion, then a film is untied to expose a bud, all branches above the scion on the rootstock and a small amount of branches below the scion are removed, the plant is still in a period with fast growth in autumn grafting, the branches of the rootstock above the scion grow fast to inhibit the growth of the scion, therefore, all branches need to be cut off, the branches of the rootstock below the scion close to the scion can also inhibit the growth of the scion, the branches need to be cut off, and the nutrients synthesized by the rest branches can provide nutrients for the growth of the scion in autumn, the winter overwintering cold resistance of the scion is improved, and all branches on the rootstock are cut off after the scion sprouts in.
and further, the method comprises the management after grafting, wherein tree form management is required in 2 nd and 3 rd years after the landscape type strabismus alata is grafted, tree forms are managed before early spring sap flows, layering, shaping and trimming are carried out, thin branches, weak branches and sprout branches among layers are cut off, non-directional branches in the layers are thinned, clear layers are ensured, branches in the layers are uniform, management of branches among the layers is strengthened before the branches germinate and lignified, the stems of the strabismus alata flower are 3 ~ 5cm long, the flower bud pieces face upwards when the strabismus alata is opened, a certain space is occupied, when the crown layer is flat and the space among the layers is large, the flowers such as butterflies fly with wind, the landscape effect is very good, and therefore, the management of the branches among the layers not only provides enough flowering space, but also enhances the ornamental value of the landscape strabismus alata.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention effectively controls the influence of powdery mildew and anthracnose on the adaptability and the ornamental effect of the North American dendrophilus variegatus cultivar by using the interspecific grafting technology. The method has the advantages that the local high disease resistance and vigorous growth of the east Asia dendrobenthamia species are used as the rootstocks, so that the disease resistance and adaptability of the scions are greatly improved, the survival rate and adaptability of introduced cultivars are improved, and the ornamental value of the cultivars is fully reflected.
(2) The landscape type four-shined flowering plant is cultivated by the interspecific grafting method of 'multi-product layered high grafting and crown changing', the stress resistance of the ornamental type four-shined flowering plant is improved, and the ornamental value of the four-shined flowering plant is greatly improved by combining and layered grafting the ornamental type four-shined flowering plant of North America with different flowering periods, bract colors and bract sizes on the same plant.
(3) According to the growth characteristics of the rootstocks, the flowering speed of the four-flower flowering tree is accelerated by the multi-variety hierarchical high grafting crown changing interspecific grafting method and the method of flower bud grafting in spring and autumn, the cultivation period of the landscape type four-flower flowering tree is shortened, the landscape type four-flower flowering tree with plump crown shapes, distinct hierarchies and multiple varieties in one tree can be cultivated within 2 ~ 3 years, and the effects of full flower branches and long flowering period are achieved.
(4) the method can effectively control powdery mildew and anthracnose of the North American lopanada japonica, and the disease resistance rate of the grafted plant to the powdery mildew and the anthracnose is up to 90% and more than 95% even in plum rain seasons with high temperature and high humidity. The invention not only fundamentally solves the problem of poor disease resistance and adaptability of the cultivar of the flowering plant, but also reduces the usage amount and the usage times of the chemical antibacterial agent, and improves the growth adaptability and the ornamental effect of the cultivar, thereby greatly improving the popularization and use value of the cultivar as a garden tree species.
(5) The interspecific grafting technology of the invention ensures that the grafting survival rate of the spring bud grafting and the autumn bud grafting respectively reaches 90 percent and 85 percent, and the forming rate of the landscape type dendrobenthamia japonica reaches about 90 percent, effectively improves the ornamental value of the cultivation variety of the North American dendrobenthamia japonica, provides a quick and effective technical method for cultivating the landscape type dendrobenthamia japonica, and provides greater possibility for market application of the landscape type dendrophilhamia japonica.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1 cultivation of landscape type Queensland
1) rootstock selection and pruning
Adult smallflower lophanthifolius with strong powdery mildew resistance and anthracnose resistance is used as a stock for cultivation. The tree age of the stock is 8 years, the lowest branch is 1.5m high, and the tree height is about 2.5 m. Before grafting, carrying out layered pruning and preliminary modeling by combining the tree-shaped characteristics; the lowest layer is reserved with stock tree species, and different cultivars are grafted on the above layers respectively.
2) Layered grafting of multiple varieties
The spring-grafted bud and spike of the flowering plant come from a robust 2 ~ 3-year-old branch on the crown of a North American four-flower cultivar Cornus florida subspecies urbinana tree and are grafted to the second layer, 1 evergreen variety is grafted on the third layer, the crown-shaped part which is not full is subjected to bud grafting in autumn, and the bud and spike of the flowering plant of the same variety is a healthy and full bud on the current-year-old lignified branch.
3) post-grafting management
Removing the binding plastic strips after the scions sprout after grafting, and removing sprouts; and removing sprouts every month, and thinning excessive branches sprouting on the scions to keep the crown shape. Bud grafting is carried out on the crown-shaped unsaturated part in autumn in the current year, binding of plastic strips is removed after scion buds germinate after 20d, stocks on the scion are cut off, a small number of stock branches below the scion are removed, and the scion is dormant and overwintering after survival; and (4) cutting off all the sprout strips on the rootstock after sprouting in spring in the next year, and then performing tree form management.
4) Characteristics of grafted seedling
Compared with the susceptibility of directly introduced varieties, the grafted survived plants have only 1 ~ 2% of powdery mildew symptom in the plum rain season and no anthrax symptom, show extremely strong drought resistance and heat resistance (leaves of the introduced varieties basically fall off light) in subsequent high-temperature drought seasons of more than 40 consecutive days, show only temporary wilting states, form ideal crown shapes until dormancy in autumn in the current year, and form landscape plants with rich crowns, distinct levels and buds at all levels after 2 years.
Example 2 cultivation of grafted plantlets
1) Rootstock selection and pruning
Taking Chinese flowering dogwood 2 ~ 3-year-old seedlings (1.5 m in height and 1.0 ~ 2.0.0 cm in ground diameter) planted in Nanjing white horse base as rootstocks, cutting off all lateral branches before grafting, and cutting off the lateral branches at a 0.3 ~ 0.5.5 cm thick part (about 1.0 ~ 1.2.2 m in height) of a trunk.
2) Grafting and post-grafting management
The 2-year-old scion with flower buds of a cultivar C. Cherokee Chief is grafted by cutting grafting, and the grafting survival rate reaches 92 percent.
3) Characteristics of the grafted plant
the stock plant of the cultivated species has a small amount of flower buds after being introduced for 5 years, the growth vigor is weak, the high growth and the diameter growth are almost negligible, the serious powdery mildew is shown in plum rain season, the slow recovery is not carried out until autumn, the incidence rate of the powdery mildew of the grafted plant in the current year is only 5 percent, anthracnose appears sporadically, the flowering and fructification in the second year are realized, the ear height in the current year reaches 0.8 ~ 1m, and the crown width reaches 70 ~ 100 cm.
By the method, the damage of powdery mildew and anthracnose to the North American four-flower cultivar is effectively controlled, the resistance and adaptability of the cultivar are obviously improved, and the problems of poor resistance and unsatisfactory ornamental effect of the North American four-flower cultivar in the garden greening application of China are solved; through the interspecific grafting of 'multi-variety layering top grafting crown changing', the resistance of the cultivated varieties is improved, the cultivation period of the landscape type four-flower is greatly shortened, and the ornamental value of the landscape type four-flower is remarkably improved due to the tree crown structure of a tree with multiple varieties.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for controlling powdery mildew and anthracnose and cultivating landscape type four-flower flowering on the basis of interspecific grafting is characterized by comprising the following steps of selecting 2 ~ 3-year seedlings or adult big trees of east Asia four-flower flowering tree species which are wide in distribution, strong in resistance and vigorous in growth as stocks, selecting a plurality of North America four-flower flowering cultivars which are high in ornamental value and susceptible to powdery mildew and anthracnose as scions, adopting bud grafting in early spring and autumn, adopting the scions with the bud grafting in early spring as branches with flowers and 2 ~ 3-year branches with flowers, adopting the scions with the bud grafting in autumn as plump and robust buds on the lignified branches of the current year, obtaining interspecific grafting plants with strong disease resistance and adaptability, and managing after grafting to obtain a plurality of layered high-grafting crown type four-flower flowering trees, wherein the grafting specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Selecting stock, namely selecting 2 ~ 3-year-old seedlings or adult plants of the east Asia flowering tree species with wide distribution and strong resistance as the stock, wherein the stocks are required to be robust, free of plant diseases and insect pests and straight in dry form, and the adult plants require clear tree crown layers, the height under the branches is more than 1.5m and the diameter at breast height is more than 5 cm;
2) Pruning and pruning a stock, namely pruning all lateral branches of a 2 ~ 3-year-old stock for culturing grafted seedlings and only reserving a main trunk before grafting, pruning twigs and weak branches in each layer for culturing an adult plant of landscape type four-flower buds, reserving 3 ~ 5 lateral branches with uniform horizontal distribution in each layer, wherein the diameter of the branches is more than 0.8cm for the stock with distinct crown layers, pruning layers on the main trunk at an interval of 1.0 ~ 1.2.2 m for the stock with the non-distinct crown layers, pruning branches on the upper layer of the main trunk and reserving 3 ~ 5 lateral branches with uniform horizontal distribution in each layer, and pruning and reserving 3 ~ 5 layers according to the whole crown structure, wherein the manufacturing method of the stock comprises the following steps:
When grafting in spring, the rootstock needs to be 'head-removed', namely, the branch of the rootstock is cut off by using a branch shear or a cutting and grafting knife, and the cutting and grafting knife is used for vertically cutting off from the cutting surface to form a cutting opening with the depth of 1 ~ 1.5.5 cm as a cutting and grafting interface;
The autumn grafting stock does not need to remove the head: transversely cutting a knife at the smooth part of the stock trunk by using a budding knife, longitudinally cutting the knife under the opening of the transverse cutter to form a T-shaped knife, and stripping a cortex on one side by using the knife tip to serve as a budding interface;
3) Selecting a scion, wherein the scion is taken from branches at the periphery of a crown of a flowering cultivar which grows vigorously and has no diseases and insect pests in early spring, and branches with plump buds and strong flowers and 2 ~ 3 years are selected as the scions, the thickness of the scion is required to be 0.3 ~ 0.5.5 cm, the length of the scion is required to be 5 ~ 8cm, the scion is taken from plump and robust buds on the lignified branches in the same year at the beginning of autumn, the scion variety is selected from ornamental varieties with different flowering stages, colors and patterns to be subjected to multi-variety combination, and the multiple ornamental varieties are subjected to layered grafting simultaneously during grafting, or are subjected to grafting for 2 ~ 3 times in each year;
4) The grafting method comprises the steps of cultivating 2 ~ -year-old plants of grafted seedlings, adopting flower bud grafting in spring, cultivating landscape type adult plants of four-shoot flowers, firstly adopting flower bud grafting in spring to carry out primary modeling, then carrying out bud grafting on parts with incomplete tree crown shapes in autumn, adopting cleft grafting and one scion for the branch of the stock with the diameter of more than 1.0cm, adopting cutting grafting for the branch of the stock with the diameter of less than 1.0cm and 0.5cm, clinging the cut of the scion to the cambium of the stock, wrapping the cut with a film, binding the branch with the film, covering the cut at the upper part of the scion tightly and exposing the bud of the scion, binding the bud with the film, removing the binding film after 20 days of grafting of the spring branch, removing the tillers on the stock in time, carrying out grafting 15 ~ d after the bud grafting, removing the heads of the stock, namely removing the buds 5cm above the survival scion, removing a small amount of the bud and cutting off all the branches of the stock after the bud of the bud is grafted in autumn.
2. The method for controlling powdery mildew and anthracnose and cultivating landscape type dendrobenthamia on the basis of interspecific grafting according to claim 1, wherein the scion is manufactured by the following method:
Cutting the branch spike into wedge shape to expose cambium, wherein the lengths of two cutting surfaces are equal and are 2 ~ 3cm long, and the two cutting surfaces are used as cleft grafting scions;
Cutting the branch spike into two cut surfaces with a long cut surface length of 3cm by using a cutting and grafting knife, and cutting a short cut surface of 1cm on the opposite side of the long cut surface length to serve as a cutting and grafting spike;
and (3) transversely cutting a bud by a bud grafting knife at a position 0.5cm above the scion bud to a depth reaching xylem, obliquely cutting a branch upwards from a position 1.5-2.0 cm below the bud by a knife at a length exceeding the transverse cutting edge, and cutting into 1 ~ 2cm pellagoid buds serving as bud grafting scions.
3. The method for controlling powdery mildew and anthracnose and cultivating landscape type strawberries based on interspecific grafting according to claim 1, further comprising management after grafting, wherein in spring branch grafting, sprouting is removed for 3 ~ 5 times in the current year, stock sprouting is inhibited after 1 year, scions grow fast and have many branches after survival of grafting, excessive branches of the scions need to be pruned after 2 months of grafting, top buds of the strawberries grow weakly, side branches below the top buds are timely removed, and the growth of the top buds is promoted.
4. The method for controlling powdery mildew and anthracnose and cultivating landscape type dendrobenthamia on the basis of interspecific grafting as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the following steps of: tree form management is needed in 2 nd and 3 rd years after the landscape type four-flower flowering plants are grafted, layering, shaping and trimming are carried out before early spring sap flows, thin branches, weak branches and sprout branches between layers are cut off, unidirectional branches in the layers are thinned, clear layers are ensured, and all branches in the layers are uniform; after the branches germinate and before lignification, interlayer and in-layer branch management is strengthened.
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Application publication date: 20171024 Assignee: Jiangsu Zhongzhi Ecological Plant Research Institute Co., Ltd Assignor: NANJING FORESTRY University Contract record no.: X2020980008731 Denomination of invention: Control of powdery mildew and anthracnose based on interspecific grafting and cultivation of landscape type sizhaohua Granted publication date: 20191210 License type: Common License Record date: 20201201 |
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