CN107278633A - A kind of high position grafting method of Chinese yew - Google Patents
A kind of high position grafting method of Chinese yew Download PDFInfo
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- CN107278633A CN107278633A CN201710663259.8A CN201710663259A CN107278633A CN 107278633 A CN107278633 A CN 107278633A CN 201710663259 A CN201710663259 A CN 201710663259A CN 107278633 A CN107278633 A CN 107278633A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high position grafting method of Chinese yew, belong to forest tree propagation technical field, Taxus dioecian plant, stock is made using the staminiferous plant bloomed, the excellent female plant branch that clip has been yielded positive results makees fringe bar, and in stock tree middle and upper part, major branch carries out cut-grafting and changes hat, changes original kind, kind is changed, and it is pollination branch to retain 13 rootstock top tips.Compared with prior art, the present invention gathers the excellent elite stand branch of result Chinese yew, grafting is in the Chinese yew staminiferous plant middle and upper part bloomed, realize that high position grafting changes kind, graft survival rate is up to more than 90%, grafting Second Year starts result, enter result high yield period within 3rd year, every plant is produced fresh fruit more than 20 jin, and the present invention solves the male female different strain of Chinese yew, realizes male female homophyletic, and the merit of elite stand can be kept, grafting starts large result on the 3rd year, does sth. in advance result more than 6 years than the Chinese yew that grows directly from seeds, output increased several times.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to forest tree propagation field, particularly a kind of high position grafting method of Chinese yew.
Background technology
Chinese yew (Taxus chinenwsisvar.maireiChengetL.K) is taxaceae Taxus, country I
Level Top-rated protected wild plants, dioecism, dilute monoecism；Tree-like grace, the full branch of fruit, outer red inner gorgeous during seed maturity,
With greening, beautification, environment purification function, sight is strong, medical value is high, good in economic efficiency, has a extensive future；Chinese yew
Tree propagation method mainly has seminal propagation, three kinds of methods of cutting propagation and propagation by grafiting, and wherein seminal propagation belongs to generative propagation,
Cuttage, propagation by grafiting belong to vegetative propagation.Production at present is upper to use seminal propagation more, and Chinese yew seed has 18 months or so
Rest period, the i.e. seed of collection in October then needs to preserve to the 3rd year spring and could normally germinateed, and the nursery stock of seminal propagation has female
Strain also has staminiferous plant, and early stage cannot distinguish between male and female plant, and general take just is yielded positive results after 8-10, could distinguish staminiferous plant and female plant, and
Easily produce variation, it is difficult to retain its maternal good characteristic.Though cutting propagation can keep maternal good characteristic, it can not solve
Dioecism problem, does not realize every plant of all terminal objective, and growth of cuttage seedlings speed is slow, and big tree is not become in a short time,
A large amount of cuttings are needed in actual production, cost is higher.Chinese yew common grafting propagation method makees stock using Chinese yew seedling, transfers
Socket part part is general below 1 meter, and Chinese yew seedling cannot distinguish between staminiferous plant or female plant, there is blindness, realize every plant of result not
Certainty substantially increases, if stock is female plant, and fringe bar is female plant branch, after grafting still be female plant, individual plant equally can not result,
If stock is staminiferous plant, fringe bar is staminiferous plant branch, is still staminiferous plant after grafting, individual plant equally can not result.The present invention refers to from
As a result female plant clip branch grafting retains stock 1-3 staminiferous plant branch of top tip on the staminiferous plant middle and upper part major branch bar bloomed,
Monoecism is changed into from dioecism, realizes that every plant of tree can independent result；Grafting is generally the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground with stock more than 5 centimetres
Big tree, grafting part is typically in the middle and upper part set greatly, therefore also known as a high position changes hat technology；High position grafting method is taken to have simple
Convenience, high graft survival rate, fast results, result quantities are big, breeding coefficient is high, the advantages of can keep stock tree merit.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to realize that one plant of Chinese yew can be with rapid, high volume result, not by periphery either with or without Chinese yew
The shadow of the trees rings, and overcoming existing Chinese yew reproduction technique not enough, there is provided a kind of high position grafting method of Chinese yew.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is implemented according to following technical scheme：
A kind of high position grafting method of Chinese yew, the Chinese yew staminiferous plant tree to have bloomed has been opened as stock with Chinese yew
The female plant branch bar of flower result is fringe bar, carries out cut-grafting on the major branch of stock tree middle and upper part, comprises the following steps that：
Step 1: stock tree is handled：Removed with secateurs or handsaw below 1.5 meters of the trunk of the Chinese yew staminiferous plant tree bloomed
All branches, rugosity branch 1- more than 2 centimetres is respectively retained in the direction of east, south, west, north etc. 4 to more than 1.5 meters of stock tree
3 are all removed as grafting stock branch, the closeer branch of remaining sprig, distribution with secateurs, and tree crown top retains 1-3
Branch is used as pollination branch；
Step 2: stock branch is handled：In stock branch from stock tree trunk 50-55 centimeters lopping, with grafting knife from
The lateral incision of stock branch cross section one, tangent plane width and length should match with fringe bar tangent plane；
Step 3: fringe bar is gathered：Gather the peripheral robust growth in the middle and upper part of female plant tree yielded positive results, bud it is full,
The first year of no disease and pests harm gives birth to or biennial branch is fringe bar, wipes out the tiny branches and leaves in fringe bar, and uses film bundling, deposits shady and cool
Place is stand-by；
Step 4: fringe bar is handled：With long 4-6 centimetres of secateurs clip and there is the fringe bar of 1-3 healthy and strong full buds as one
Scion, long 2-3 centimetres of flat smooth tangent plane is whittled into downwards in scion axillary bud offside, and as deep as xylem, tangent plane is inclined cross whole branch
Bar 1/3 to 2/3, then cut the chopped face of 0.5 centimetre of a length in scion axillary bud homonymy bottom；
Step 5: grafting：It is stable in 13-17 degree in spring daily mean temperature, when the cloudy day is without rain, connecing for tangent plane will be cut
Fringe skewer enters stock branch otch, and the long tangent plane of scion is close to stock branch tangent plane, the tangent plane size of stock branch tangent plane and scion
Length is consistent, it is ensured that at least forming layer alignment on one side, then with the tight colligation stock branch of film band and scion interface, stock
Branch upper cut-out, scion upper cut-out；
Step 6: bagging：A small rack is pricked on stock branch having connect, 10 centimetres of scion is higher by, with long 30 centimetres, wide by 20
Centimetre bag film cover and connect stock branch and scion, form a Small plastic shed, play heat and moisture preserving, prevent insect from causing harm newly
The branches and leaves effect of growth；
Step 7: shade：Centered on stock tree, in tree crown periphery, 45-55 centimeters uniformly establish 4-6 timber, wood
Stake is higher by the sunshade net that 60-70% is covered above 45-55 centimetres of stock, timber；
Step 8: unbinding and overcoming difficulties：Often observe to prevent the film band of colligation from influenceing fringe bud to sprout in 1 month after grafting
It is dynamic；After grafting 1 month, major part has been sprouted, and new branches and leaves have been formed, and can progressively release bag film；After grafting 6 months, release
Film band of the colligation in place of stock and scion；
Step 9: rudiment of erasing：The branches and leaves that stock branch part is sprouted are removed after grafting in time, it is ensured that have sufficient moisture
With nutrient supply scion, up to scion raised growth, and new branches and leaves are sprouted in control stock branch part completely.
Need to carry out water and fertilizer management after the completion of grafting：Chinese yew is afraid of ponding, and spring and summer south rainwater is more, it should be noted that trench digging
Draining, promotes root growth；Weeding is wanted after scion, is loosened the soil, and applies a small amount of composite fertilizer, promotes Chinese yew fast-growth, is formed
New tree crown.
Further, the tangent plane width of stock branch is 1-1.5 centimetres in the step 2, and length is 2-3 centimetres.
Preferably, fringe bar is gathered at the cloudy day in the step 3.
Preferably, grafting or the previous day gather grafting in second day on the day of the fringe bar gathered in the step 5.
Preferably, each rudiment 1-2 times of erasing in week in the step 9.
Compared with prior art, the present invention gathers the excellent elite stand branch of result Chinese yew, and grafting is in the red bean bloomed
China fir staminiferous plant middle and upper part, realizes that high position grafting changes kind, graft survival rate is up to more than 90%, and grafting Second Year starts result, the 3rd year
Enter result high yield period, every plant is produced fresh fruit more than 20 jin, the present invention solves the male female different strain of Chinese yew, realize male female same
Strain, and can keep the merit of elite stand, grafting starts large result on the 3rd year, than the Chinese yew that grows directly from seeds do sth. in advance result 6 years with
On, output increased several times.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, the illustrative examples and explanation invented herein
For explaining the present invention, but it is not as a limitation of the invention.
1st, selection has been enter into the Chinese yew staminiferous plant tree in florescence and makees stock, and the general 8-10 of Chinese yew staminiferous plant tree is initially entered
Florescence, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is about 5-8 centimetres；
2nd, stock tree is handled, and all branches below 1.5 meters of trunk is removed with secateurs or handsaw, to more than 1.5 meters branches
Selective retention, tree crown top retains 1-3 branch as pollination branch.The direction of stock tree east, south, west, north etc. 4 respectively retains
Rugosity branch 1-3 roots more than 2 centimetres, as grafting stock branch, the closeer branch of remaining sprig, distribution all uses secateurs
Remove, i.e., the height of grafting part is general more than 1.5 meters；
3rd, elite stand selection and fringe bar collection, Chinese yew adult female plant tree fructiferous, as maternal, gathers its life for selection
Long healthy and strong, bud is full, no disease and pests harm first year life or biennial branch are scion, should typically gather the peripheral branch in elite stand middle and upper part
Bar.Cloudy day collection fringe bar is preferably selected, tiny branches and leaves are wiped out, and uses film bundling, storage frescade is stand-by, and the preferably same day gathers
Same day grafting or the previous day gather grafting in second day.
4th, stock tree is handled, with secateurs, wipes out liftoff less than 1.5 meters of all branches, retains more than 1.5 meters rugosity 2
Branch more than centimetre, from trunk about 50-55 centimeters lopping, with grafting knife from the lateral incision of cross section one, tangent plane width and length
Degree should match with fringe bar tangent plane, i.e. tangent plane width and fringe bar rugosity is in the same size, and tangent plane length is consistent with fringe bar tangent plane length,
General tangent plane width is 1-1.5 centimetres, and length is 2-3 centimetres.
5th, fringe bar is handled, and 4-6 centimetres is about with secateurs clip, and has the branch of 1-3 healthy and strong full buds, is used as a piece-root grafting
Fringe, is whittled into downwards flat smooth tangent plane in scion axillary bud offside, is about 2-3 centimetres, and as deep as xylem, tangent plane is inclined cross whole branch
1/3 to 2/3, then a chopped face is cut in scion axillary bud homonymy bottom, 0.5 centimetre is about, tangent plane should disposably shape, it is ensured that inclined-plane
It is smooth.
6th, the selection in grafting season, when grafting has a major impact for graft survival rate, spring Chinese yew resin
Start to flow, but the bud on branch is not sprouted also or just starts to sprout, and now grafting easily forms callus, and survival rate is most
It is high.Summer temperature is high, and callus can be formed, but the easily dehydration of scion part, if do not taken shade cooling measure, survival rate
It is not high.Autumn starts cooling, is unfavorable for callus and forming layer growth, and survival rate is not also high.It is regional in Southern Jiangxi, about
In early March to early April, the cloudy day of daily mean temperature 13-17 degree, Chinese yew high position grafting survival rate highest.
7th, grafting, stock branch incision, the long inclined-plane of fringe bar and stock branch tangent plane are entered by the fringe bar skewer for having cut tangent plane
It is close to, notices that stock branch otch should be consistent with the tangent plane size length of fringe bar, it is ensured that at least forming layer alignment on one side, it is best
The forming layer alignment on both sides.With the tight colligation stock of film band and fringe bar interface, stock upper cut-out, scion upper cut-out, prevent
Only Chinese yew cutting part moisture evaporation, rainwater penetrate into, disease pest causes harm.
8th, bagging, a small rack is pricked having connect on stock, be higher by about 10 centimetres of scion, with long 30 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres
Bag film, which is covered, has connect stock and fringe bar, forms a Small plastic shed, plays heat and moisture preserving, prevents that insect from causing harm the branches and leaves newly grown
Deng effect.
9th, shade, the happiness of Chinese yew Seedling Stage is shady and cool, to prevent the young shoot survived from being caused death or raw by strong illumination
It is long slow, sunshade net is taken after grafting outside stock.Method：Centered on stock tree, in tree crown periphery, about 45-55 centimeters are equal
Even to establish 4-6 timber, timber is higher by the sunshade net that 60-70% is covered above about 45-55 centimetres of stock, timber, into autumn
Chinese yew complete lignifying afterwards, you can release sunshade net.
10th, unbind and remove polybag, 1 month planted agent often observes after grafting, the film band if any colligation influences fringe bud
When sprouting, film band should be carefully needled with point of a knife in time；Grafting 1 month or so, major part has been sprouted, and new branches and leaves have been formed,
The superincumbent bag film of cover can now be removed, otherwise fringe bar can be influenceed to grow.6 months or so after grafting, it at this moment should release and tie up
The film band pricked in place of stock and scion, promotes it to grow, and otherwise can limit its growth, and stock otch is difficult to heal, easily
Fractureed by wind.
11st, erase rudiment, the branches and leaves of stock part sprouting should be removed after grafting in time, it is ensured that have sufficient moisture and nutrient
Scion is supplied, until scion raised growth, and new branches and leaves, the general 1- that should erase in each week are sprouted in control stock part completely
2 times, total principle be smear morning, smear it is small, smear.The male branch in part that stock tree top retains, primarily as pollination branch, several years ago
It should suitably trim, control it to grow.
12nd, water and fertilizer management, Chinese yew is afraid of ponding, and spring and summer south rainwater is more, it should be noted that digs trenches to drain the water away, promotes root system life
It is long；Weeding is wanted after grafting, is loosened the soil, and applies a small amount of composite fertilizer, promotes Chinese yew fast-growth, forms new tree crown.
Technical scheme is not limited to the limitation of above-mentioned specific embodiment, and every technique according to the invention scheme is done
The technology deformation gone out, each falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of high position grafting method of Chinese yew, it is characterised in that using the Chinese yew staminiferous plant tree that has bloomed as stock, with red
The female plant branch bar that beans China fir has yielded positive results is fringe bar, carries out cut-grafting on the major branch of stock tree middle and upper part, comprises the following steps that：
Step 1: stock tree is handled：The institute below 1.5 meters of the trunk of the Chinese yew staminiferous plant tree bloomed is removed with secateurs or handsaw
There is branch, rugosity branch 1-3 roots more than 2 centimetres are respectively retained in the direction of east, south, west, north etc. 4 to more than 1.5 meters of stock tree
As grafting stock branch, the closeer branch of remaining sprig, distribution is all removed with secateurs, and tree crown top retains 1-3 branch
Bar is used as pollination branch；
Step 2: stock branch is handled：In stock branch from stock tree trunk 50-55 centimeters lopping, with grafting knife from stock
The lateral incision of branch cross section one, tangent plane width and length match with fringe bar tangent plane；
Step 3: fringe bar is gathered：The middle and upper part periphery robust growth, the bud that gather the female plant tree yielded positive results be full, without disease pest
The harmful first year is given birth to or biennial branch is fringe bar, wipes out the tiny branches and leaves in fringe bar, and uses film bundling, and storage frescade is treated
With；
Step 4: fringe bar is handled：With long 4-6 centimetres of secateurs clip and there is the fringe bars of 1-3 healthy and strong full buds as a piece-root grafting fringe,
Long 2-3 centimetres of flat smooth tangent plane is whittled into downwards in scion axillary bud offside, and as deep as xylem, tangent plane is inclined cross whole branch 1/3
The chopped face of 0.5 centimetre of a length is cut to 2/3, then in scion axillary bud homonymy bottom；
Step 5: grafting：It is stable in 13-17 degree in spring daily mean temperature, when the cloudy day is without rain, the scion skewer of tangent plane will be cut
Enter stock branch otch, the long tangent plane of scion is close to stock branch tangent plane, the tangent plane size length of stock branch tangent plane and scion
Unanimously, it is ensured that at least forming layer alignment on one side, then with the tight colligation stock branch of film band and scion interface, stock branch
Upper cut-out, scion upper cut-out；
Step 6: bagging：A small rack is pricked on stock branch having connect, 10 centimetres of scion is higher by, with long 30 centimetres, wide 20 centimetres
Bag film cover and connect stock branch and scion, form a Small plastic shed, play heat and moisture preserving, prevent that insect from causing harm new growth
Branches and leaves effect；
Step 7: shade：Centered on stock tree, in tree crown periphery, 45-55 centimeters uniformly establish 4-6 timber, and timber is high
Go out above 45-55 centimetres of stock, timber to cover 60-70% sunshade net；
Step 8: unbinding and overcoming difficulties：Often observation, to prevent the film band of colligation from influenceing fringe bud to sprout, is transferred in 1 month after grafting
Connect after 1 month, major part has been sprouted, and new branches and leaves have been formed, and progressively releases bag film, after grafting 6 months, release colligation and exist
Stock and the film band in place of scion；
Step 9: rudiment of erasing：The branches and leaves that stock branch part is sprouted are removed after grafting in time, it is ensured that have sufficient moisture and support
Divide supply scion, until scion raised growth, and new branches and leaves are sprouted in control stock branch part completely.
2. the high position grafting method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Stock branch in the step 2
The tangent plane width of bar is 1-1.5 centimetres, and length is 2-3 centimetres.
3. the high position grafting method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：At the cloudy day in the step 3
Gather fringe bar.
4. the high position grafting method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Gathered in the step 5
Grafting or the previous day gather grafting in second day on the day of fringe bar.
5. the high position grafting method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Each star in the step 9
Phase erases rudiment 1-2 times.
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| CN201710663259.8A CN107278633A (en) | 2017-08-05 | 2017-08-05 | A kind of high position grafting method of Chinese yew |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107912213A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-04-17 | 常德市枫叶湾园林绿化有限公司 | A kind of Pearl color Ye Gui a, famous physician of the Qing Dynasty standardized planting method |
| CN108738785A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-06 | 广德县东亭乡绘绿苗木种植家庭农场 | A kind of method that arbor Japanese yew grafts red white soya bean Japanese yew |
| CN108738788A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-06 | 广德县东亭乡绘绿苗木种植家庭农场 | A kind of Chinese yew ring skin grafting technique |
| CN108848990A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-23 | 北华大学 | A kind of method that micro-graft cultivates monoecism Chinese yew |
| CN110073874A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-02 | 庆元县实验林场 | A kind of Ormosia hosiei grafting technique |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107912213A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-04-17 | 常德市枫叶湾园林绿化有限公司 | A kind of Pearl color Ye Gui a, famous physician of the Qing Dynasty standardized planting method |
| CN110073874A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-02 | 庆元县实验林场 | A kind of Ormosia hosiei grafting technique |
| CN108738785A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-06 | 广德县东亭乡绘绿苗木种植家庭农场 | A kind of method that arbor Japanese yew grafts red white soya bean Japanese yew |
| CN108738788A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-06 | 广德县东亭乡绘绿苗木种植家庭农场 | A kind of Chinese yew ring skin grafting technique |
| CN108848990A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-23 | 北华大学 | A kind of method that micro-graft cultivates monoecism Chinese yew |
| CN108848990B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2020-10-09 | 北华大学 | Method for cultivating hermaphrodite taxus chinensis by micro-grafting |
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