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si

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: Appendix:Variations of "si"

Languages (97)

Translingual • English

Albanian • Alemannic German • Asturian • Bahnar • Belizean Creole • Bikol Central • Catalan • Central Franconian • Chamorro • Chavacano • Cimbrian • Cornish • Czech • Dalmatian • Danish • Dutch • Esperanto • Ewe • Fala • French • Friulian • Galician • Gothic • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Haitian Creole • Hanunoo • Iau • Ido • Indonesian • Interlingua • Italian • Jamaican Creole • Japanese • Japhug • Kabuverdianu • Kankanaey • Khumi Chin • Koro (India) • Kusaal • Ladin • Ladino • Latin • Latvian • Lolopo • Louisiana Creole • Luxembourgish • Macanese • Malay • Mandarin • Mauritian Creole • Middle Dutch • Middle English • Middle French • Middle Low German • Mòcheno • Mokilese • Molo • Nalca • Norman • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old English • Old French • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old High German • Old Saxon • Old Spanish • Pali • Papiamentu • Portuguese • Quapaw • Romagnol • Romani • Romanian • Romansch • Sassarese • Savi • Serbo-Croatian • Slovak • Slovene • Spanish • Sumerian • Swahili • Tagalog • Ternate • Tok Pisin • Turkish • Vietnamese • Volapük • Waigali • Walloon • Welsh • Yoruba • Zhuang • Zou

Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

si

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Sinhalese.

English

This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

Alternative forms

ti

Etymology

From Middle English si (“seventh degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian si in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the initials of Latin Sāncte Iohannēs (“Saint John (the Baptist)”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon; thus, also an initialism of Sāncte Iohannēs.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /siː/
Audio (US): (file)
Rhymes: -iː
Homophones: C, cee, sea, see

Noun

si (plural sis)

(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale.

Translations

See si/translations § Noun.

Anagrams

'is, I's, IS, Is, i's, is, is-, is.

Albanian

Etymology

Varying reconstructions. Orel descends it from Proto-Albanian *tšei,^[1] Matzinger from Proto-Albanian *čī.^[2] Ultimately from instrumental Proto-Indo-European *kwi-h₁. Compare Latin qui (“how, why”), Old English hwȳ, hwī (“why”). An interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [si]

Adverb

si

how; in what way; in what state
Si janë shokët e tu? ― How are your friends?
like, as
Si e dini, nuk kemi filluar ende.
As you know, we've not yet begun.

Derived terms

disi
sido
sidoqoftë

See also

qysh

References

[1]
Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “si”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 395
[2]
Schumacher, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 225

Alemannic German

Etymology 1

From Old High German siu, from Proto-Germanic *sī. Cognate with German sie (“she; it”), Gothic 𐍃𐌹 (si), Old English sēo.

Pronoun

si f

she
it (for referents of the feminine grammatical gender)

Declension

More information nominative, accusative ...

Alemannic German personal pronouns
			nominative	accusative	dative	possessive m
singular	1st person		ich, i	mich, mi	mir, mier, mer	min, miin
	2nd person	familiar	du	dich, di	dir, dier, der	din, diin
	2nd person	polite	Si		Ine, Ene, -ne	Ire
	3rd person	m	er	in, en	im	sin, siin
		f	si		ire
		n	es, 's, -s		im	sin, siin
plural	1st person		mir, mer	üs, öis, ois, eus		üse, öise, oise, euse
	2nd person		ir, ier	öi, eu		öie, eure
	3rd person		si		ine, ene, -ne	ire

Close

Etymology 2

From Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.

Pronoun

si pl

they

Declension

More information nominative, accusative ...

Alemannic German personal pronouns
			nominative	accusative	dative	possessive m
singular	1st person		ich, i	mich, mi	mir, mier, mer	min, miin
	2nd person	familiar	du	dich, di	dir, dier, der	din, diin
	2nd person	polite	Si		Ine, Ene, -ne	Ire
	3rd person	m	er	in, en	im	sin, siin
		f	si		ire
		n	es, 's, -s		im	sin, siin
plural	1st person		mir, mer	üs, öis, ois, eus		üse, öise, oise, euse
	2nd person		ir, ier	öi, eu		öie, eure
	3rd person		si		ine, ene, -ne	ire

Close

Etymology 3

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with German sein, Dutch zijn, West Frisian syn, Icelandic sinn.

Alternative forms

siin

Determiner

si

his

Declension

Inflected forms include:

More information Singular, Plural ...

	Singular			Plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	Plural
Nominative Accusative	si	sini	si	sini
Genitive	sines & si's		sines
Dative	si'm & sim	siner	si'm & sim	sine

Close

Etymology 4

From Middle High German sīn, from Old High German sīn. Cognate with German sein, Dutch zijn, Low German sien.

Alternative forms

sii, siin, sinh, ŝchi

Verb

si

(Gressoney) to be

References

Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin si.

Conjunction

si

if

Bahnar

Etymology

From Proto-Bahnaric *ciː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ciiʔ (“louse”); cognate with Vietnamese chí, chấy.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /siː/

Noun

si

louse

Belizean Creole

Etymology

From English see.

Verb

si

to see

References

Crosbie, Paul, ed. (2007), Kriol-Inglish Dikshineri: English-Kriol Dictionary. Belize City: Belize Kriol Project, p. 315–316.

Bikol Central

Etymology

Compare Chamorro si, Indonesian si, Malay si, and Tagalog si.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/ [si]

Article

si (plural sina)

direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people
Nagdalagan si Juan. ― Juan ran.

Dinara ninda si Tatay sa ospital. ― They brought Father to the hospital.
direct marker placed before an adjective used to refer to a person with those distinct characteristics
Yaon na si Taba. ― Fatso is here.
(Naga) direct marker placed before common nouns
Synonym: su

Kinua ko na si pakete. ― I already got the package

See also

an

Catalan

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [si]
Homophone: sí
Rhymes: -i

Etymology 1

From Old Catalan si, from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

if

See also

si bé
si de cas
si doncs no
si més no
si no
si per cas
si et plau
si us plau

Etymology 2

From Latin Sancte Iohannes (“Saint John”) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.

Noun

si m (plural sis)

(music) si (seventh note of a diatonic scale)

Etymology 3

From Old Catalan si~sin, from Latin sĭnus.

Noun

si m (plural sins)

See also

si d'Abraham m

Etymology 4

From Latin sĭbī.

Pronoun

si

Usage notes

Si is the stressed (or "strong", or "tonic") form of the reflexive pronoun es. As such, it is used after prepositions.

Declension

More information strong/subject, weak (direct object) ...

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
			strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
			strong/subject	proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic	possessive
singular	1st person	standard	jo, mi³	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
	1st person	majestic¹	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
		formal¹	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
		very formal²	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
	3rd person	m	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
		f	ella	la, l’⁴	-la	li	-li	seu
		n		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
plural
	1st person		nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
	2nd person	formal²	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
	3rd person	m	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
	3rd person	f	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive			si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial	ablative/genitive			en, n’	-ne, ’n
adverbial	locative			hi	-hi

Close

¹ Behaves grammatically as plural. ² Behaves grammatically as third person.
³ Only as object of a preposition. ⁴ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

See also

de si mateix
en si
entre si
fora de si
per a si
per si mateix
tornar en si

See also

sí

Central Franconian

Alternative forms

sei, sein (Moselle Franconian)

Etymology

From Middle High German sīn.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ziː/, /zi/
Homophone: sie

Determiner

si (masculine senge or singe, feminine and plural seng or sing)

(Ripuarian) his, its (third-person masculine and neuter possessive)
Wo hät e dann si Jlas henjestallt? ― Where did he put his glass?

Usage notes

The form seng/sing is used for the neuter when strongly stressed: Dat es sing Jlas! (“That's his glass!”) Contrariwise, the form si may be used for the masculine and feminine when unstressed, chiefly with words for relatives: si Papp (“his father”, but less common than senge Papp).

Chamorro

Etymology

Compare Bikol Central si, Indonesian si, and Malay si.

Preposition

si

Subject marker for personal names

Chavacano

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/, [si]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Spanish sí.

Particle

si

yes

Etymology 2

Inherited from Spanish si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

if

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

zi (Sette Comuni)

Etymology

From Middle High German si(e), from Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī, nominative singular feminine of *iz. Cognate with German sie.

Pronoun

si

(Luserna) she, it

Inflection

More information singular, plural ...

Personal pronouns (Luserna)
	singular	plural
1st person	i	biar
2nd person	du	iar
3rd person	er, si, 'z	se

Close

References

“si” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Cornish

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

si m (plural siow)

hiss, buzz

Derived terms

edhen si (“hummingbird”)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

si

(transitive) to fancy

Derived terms

sians (“notion, whim”)

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *si.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈsɪ]
Audio: (file)

Pronoun

si (reflexive)

clitic dative of sebe:
to oneself

to myself

to yourself
Posluž si. ― Serve yourself.

to himself

to herself

to itself

to ourselves

to yourselves

to themselves

Synonym: (stressed) sobě

Further reading

“si”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
“si”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin sex.

Numeral

si

six

Danish

Danish Wikipedia has an article on:

si

Etymology

From Old Norse sía (“to sieve, filter”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /siː/, [siːˀ]
Rhymes: -i
Rhymes: -iː

Noun

si c (singular definite sien, plural indefinite sier)

Inflection

More information common gender, singular ...

Declension of si
common gender	singular		plural
common gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	si	sien	sier	sierne
genitive	sis	siens	siers	siernes

Close

Verb

si (imperative si, infinitive at si, present tense sier, past tense siede, perfect tense har siet)

Dutch

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Noun

si m or f (plural si's, diminutive sietje n)

musical note; ti

Anagrams

is

Esperanto

Etymology

From Italian si, French soi, Spanish se, Latin se, plus the i of personal pronouns.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [si]
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: si

Pronoun

si (reflexive, accusative sin, possessive sia)

himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself

Usage notes

The reflexive pronoun si is only used to refer to the third person (In English: he/she/it/they) not the first or second person (In English: I/we/you). When the subject of a sentence is first or second person, the same pronoun is repeated (with the accusative ending -n added if needed) instead of using si. (E.g. "they wash themselves" is ili lavas sin, but "I wash myself" is mi lavas min, instead of *mi lavas sin.)

See also

More information Singular, Plural ...

		Singular			Plural
		Nominative	Accusative	Possessive	Nominative	Accusative	Possessive
First person		mi	min	mia	ni	nin	nia
Second person	Formal	vi	vin	via	vi	vin	via
Second person	Familiar¹	ci	cin	cia	vi	vin	via
Third person	Masculine	li	lin	lia	ili iŝi³	ilin iŝin³	ilia iŝia³
	Feminine	ŝi	ŝin	ŝia
	Neuter	ĝi	ĝin	ĝia
	Gender-neutral²	ri ŝli	rin ŝlin	ria ŝlia
	Reflexive	si	sin	sia	si	sin	sia
Indefinite		oni	onin	onia	oni	onin	onia
Notes
¹ The second person familiar pronouns are archaic. ² The proposed gender-neutral third-person singular pronouns ri (rin, ria) and ŝli (ŝlin, ŝlia) are not widely used. ³ The proposed third-person feminine plural pronoun iŝi (iŝin, iŝia) is not widely used.

Close

Personal pronouns in Esperanto

Ewe

Verb

si

to escape

Fala

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).

Conjunction

si

if (used to introduce a condition or choice)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
  I si “a patria do homi é sua lengua”, cumu idía Albert Camus, o que está claru é que a lengua está mui por encima de fronteiras, serras, rius i maris, de situaciós pulíticas i sociu-económicas, de lazus religiosus e inclusu familiaris.
  And if “a man’s homeland is his language”, as Albert Camus said, what is clear is that language is above borders, mountain ranges, rivers and seas, above political and socio-economic situations, of religious and even family ties.

Etymology 2

Pronoun

si

Alternative form of se
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:
  As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.
  The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, Fala is yet another treasure among them.

French

French phrasebook

This entry is part of the phrasebook project, which presents criteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/
Audio: (file)
Homophones: ci, scie, scient, scies

Etymology 1

From Old French se, from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

if, whether
Je me demande si elle sera seule. ― I wonder if she'll be alone.

Je veux savoir si tu viendras ou non. ― I want to know if you're coming or not.
if (assuming that)
Si j’avais ses pouvoirs, je créerais un monde où le mal n’existe pas. ― If I had his power, I'd create a world where evil didn't exist.

Si tu n’avais pas appelé, je serais morte. ― If you hadn't called, I'd be dead.
even if
although, while

Usage notes

Elided preceding il or ils, resulting in the contracted forms s’il and s’ils.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old French si, from Latin sic (“so, thus”). Doublet of sic.

Interjection

si

yes (used to contradict a negative statement)
Synonym: (archaic) si fait

Tu ne m’aimes pas, n’est-ce pas ? — Si !
You don’t like me, do you? — Yes, I do!

Moi, je n’ai rien fait ! — Si !
I didn't do anything! — Yes, you did!

Usage notes

The positive particle usage is uncommon in Québec, where most speakers use oui instead.

Adverb

si

so, such (intensifier)
J’étais si fatigué ces jours-ci que je n’avais pas le courage de vous écrire.
I was so tired those days that I didn't have the energy to write to you.

Cela n’aurait pas été une si bonne idée.
That wouldn't have been such a good idea.
(si + adjective/adverb + que ...) however (to whatever extent or degree)
Synonyms: aussi, tout, quelque

Si bavard qu’il soit, il ne dit rien de stupide.
However talkative he may be, he doesn't say anything stupid.
- 2017, Luc Brisson, Platon:
  Mais un législateur qui aurait un tant soit peu de worth, si infime soit elle, quand bien même il n’en irait pas comme l’argument vient de le démontrer, n’aurait-il pas commis en cette occasion, plus qu’en n’importe quelle autre circonstance où il aurait eu l’audace de mentir aux jeunes gens dans l’intérêt du bien, son plus utile mensonge, celui capable de faire que tous, non pas de force mais de leur plein gré, se conduisent de façon entièrement juste ?
  But a legislator who would have the slightest bit of valour, however tiny it may be, even if it were not as the argument has just demonstrated, would he not have committed on this occasion, more than in any other circumstance where he would have had the audacity to lie to young people in the interest of the good, his most useful lie, the one capable of making everyone, not by force but of their own accord, behave in an entirely just fashion?

Usage notes

In the sense however, the verb is usually in the subjunctive.
The que is sometimes replaced by an inverted-subject construction with a subjunctive verbal element and nominal, usually a personal pronoun.
si heureuse soit-elle ― however happy she may be

si faible paraisse-t-il ― however weak he may seem

Etymology 3

Noun

si m (plural si)

(music) si, the note 'B'

Derived terms

si majeur

Further reading

“si”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin se.

Pronoun

si (third person)

(reflexive pronoun) himself, herself

Related terms

lui
jê

Galician

Thumb — "Statute of Galicia: [vote] yes", pro-Galician devolved government, 1936

Etymology 1

From Latin sīc.

Interjection

si

yes
Antonym: non

Etymology 2

From Latin sē, ablative and accusative pronoun form.

Pronoun

si (accusative se, dative se)

himself, herself, itself
themselves

Usage notes

The pronoun si is used exclusively as the object of a preposition; no nominative form exists.

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

si m (plural sis)

(music) si (musical note)
(music) B (the musical note or key)

See also

musical solfège notes: notas musicaisedit

Gothic

Romanization

si

Romanization of 𐍃𐌹

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese se. Cognate with Kabuverdianu si.

Conjunction

si

if

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French si.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/

Conjunction

si

if

Hanunoo

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *si.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsi/ [ˈsi]
Rhymes: -i
Syllabification: si

Article

si (Hanunoo spelling ᜰᜲ)

a form preposed to personal names
Si Gawid ― Gawid

Sintay si Luyon?
Who is Luyon?

Kang manok si manayti.
My bird the manayti (small bird)

See also

Further reading

Conklin, Harold C. (1953) Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 244

Iau

Noun

si

woman

References

Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian sì, Spanish sí.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/

Adverb

si

(archaic) yes
Synonym: yes

Antonym: no

References

Progreso I (in Ido), 1908–1909, page 10

Indonesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/
Audio (Indonesia): (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Austronesian *si. Compare Bikol Central si, Chamorro si, and Malay si, Tagalog si.

Article

si

Definite article used before the names of those with whom the speaker and interlocutor is intimate or familiar with
Tiada satupun yang berani pada si Tigor pemberani. ― No one dared to oppose the brave Tigor.

Kukatakan pada si Yopi kecil, janganlah marah ― I said to little Yopi, don't angry.

Kudengar bahwa si Tuti besar sedang sakit ― I hear that big Tuti is ill.
Definite article used before a noun referring to a particular person with a particular characteristic
Si penjual jamu itu cantik sekali. ― That jamu seller is very pretty.

Dia tertawa dengan si orang asing itu. ― She was laughing with the foreigner.

Si pemuda itu tersenyum lebar lalu pergi. ― The young man smiled broadly then left.
Definite article used before a nickname, typically for a subject whose well-known attributes are referred to by an adjective
Namanya si Putih ― The name is Whitey.

Si Gendut ― The Fatso

Si Goblok ― The Old Muttonhead
Definite article used before animals
si kucing ― the cat

Etymology 2

Noun

si

(law enforcement) aphetic form of seksi (“section”)

Etymology 3

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 市(し) (shi, “city”). Romanised according modified Kunrei-shiki romanization.

Noun

si

(historical, 1942-1945) Synonym of kota (“city”)

Further reading

“si” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Adverb

si

yes

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin se (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun). Cognate with Spanish se and Portuguese se and si.

Alternative forms

-si (enclitic)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -i
Hyphenation: si

Pronoun

si

(reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
Il tuo gatto si lava sul mio letto. ― Your cat cleans himself/itself on my bed.

La tua gatta si lava sul mio letto. ― Your cat cleans herself on my bed.

Marco si è rotto il braccio. ― Marco has broken his arm.
(reciprocal pronoun) each other, one another
Carlo e Laura si amano. ― Carlo and Laura love each other.
(indefinite) one, you, we, they, people
In Italia si pranza intorno all'una. ― In Italy they eat lunch around 13.

In Italia si tende ad andare a letto tardi. ― In Italy, people tend to go to bed late.

Si dice che Maria volesse uccidere Giovanni. ― It is said that Maria wanted to kill Giovanni.

Da questa finestra si vede la banca. ― From this window, one can see the bank.
(si passivante) Used to form the passive voice of a verb; it
Si vende latte. / Vendesi latte. ― Milk for sale.

Non si accettano carte di credito. ― Credit cards are not accepted.
(dialectal, notably Rome) reflexive and reciprocal first person pronoun, where Standard Italian uses ci
Se semo fatti sei chilometri a fette. (Ci siamo fatti sei chilometri a piedi.)
We walked for six kilometers.

Volemose bene. (Vogliamoci bene.)
Let's love each other.

Se la smezzamo? (Ce la dividiamo?)
Do you want to split?
- 1483, Matteo Maria Boiardo, Orlando Innamorato, I, XVIII, lines 37–39:
  Ambo se poseremo in questo prato
  e domatina, come il giorno pare,
  ritornaremo insieme a battagliare.
  We will both lay down in this meadow
  and tomorrow morning, when the day appears,
  together we will go back to fight.

Usage notes

When si is part of an infinitive, it can be placed before it as a separate word, but more often it is attached to the end. In this case, the final -e of the infinitive is dropped, or, in the case of infinitives ending in -rre, the final -re is dropped. Examples: amar(e) + si = amarsi; ridur(re) + si = ridursi.
Often translated using the passive voice in English when used as indefinite personal pronoun:
Si dice che […] ― It is said that […]
Verb + si is often translated as become or get + [past participle] in English.
In cases where si (indefinite pronoun) and si (reflexive pronoun) follow each other, the first si is replaced with ci:
Ci si lava. ― One washes oneself.

(instead of: *Si si lava.)
Becomes se when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).

See also

More information Number, Person ...

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Reflexive	Accusative	Dative	Combined	Disjunctive	Locative	Partitive
Singular	first	—	io	mi, m', -mi			me	me	—
	second	—	tu	ti, t', -ti			te	te	—
	third	m	lui	si², s', -si	lo, l', -lo	gli, -gli	glie, se²	lui, sé	ci, c', vi, v' (formal)	ne, n'
	third	f	lei, Lei¹	si², s', -si	la, La¹, l', L'¹, -la, -La¹	le³, Le¹, -le³, -Le¹	glie, se²	lei, Lei¹, sé	ci, c', vi, v' (formal)	ne, n'
Plural	first	—	noi	ci, c', -ci			ce	noi	—
	second	—	voi, Voi⁴	vi, Vi⁴, v', V'⁴, -vi, -Vi⁴			ve	voi, Voi⁴	—
	third	m	loro, Loro¹	si, s', -si	li, Li¹, -li, -Li¹	gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro¹	glie, se	loro, Loro¹, sé	ci, c', vi, v' (formal)	ne, n'
	third	f	loro, Loro¹	si, s', -si	le, Le¹, -le, -Le¹	gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro¹	glie, se	loro, Loro¹, sé	ci, c', vi, v' (formal)	ne, n'
¹	Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
²	Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
³	Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
⁴	Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).

Close

Italian personal pronouns

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsi/, /ˈsi/^*
Rhymes: -i
Hyphenation: sì

Noun

si

(music) si (musical note B)

See also

sì
ci

Further reading

si in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Jamaican Creole

Etymology

Derived from English see.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/

Verb

si

to see
Mi wuda laik si im tu.
I'd like to see him too.

Preposition

si

(Used with ya) Here is; here are.
Si Jan ya.
Here is John.

Si yu buk-dem ya.
Here are your books.

Further reading

si at majstro.com

Japanese

Romanization

si

The katakana syllable スィ (si) in Hepburn-like romanization.

Japhug

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səj (“to die”). Cognate with Tibetan ཤི (shi), Chinese 死 (OC *hljiʔ).^[1]

Verb

si

(Kamnyu, intransitive) to die

Etymology 2

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *siŋ ~ *sik (“tree; wood; firewood”). Cognate with Tibetan ཤིང (shing, “tree”), Chinese 薪 (OC *siŋ, “firewood”), Tangut 𗝠 (*sji¹, “tree”).^[2]^[3]

Noun

si

(Kamnyu) tree
(Kamnyu) wood

References

[1]
Zhang, Shuya, Jacques, Guillaume, Lai, Yunfan (2019) “A study of cognates between Gyalrong languages and Old Chinese”, in Journal of Language Relationship, volume 17, number 1, →DOI, page 89
[2]
Zhang, Shuya, Jacques, Guillaume, Lai, Yunfan (2019) “A study of cognates between Gyalrong languages and Old Chinese”, in Journal of Language Relationship, volume 17, number 1, →DOI, page 85
[3]
Jacques, Guillaume (2014) Esquisse de phonologie et de morphologie historique du tangoute, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 100

Guillaume Jacques, Argument Demotion in Japhug Rgyalrong (2012)
Guillaume Jacques (2021) A grammar of Japhug‎, Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN

Kabuverdianu

Etymology 1

From Portuguese se.

Conjunction

si

if

Etymology 2

From Portuguese sim.

Adverb

si

yes

Kankanaey

Alternative forms

hi
sis

Pronunciation

(Standard Kankanaey) IPA^(key): /si/ [si̞]
- IPA^(key): (parts of Bauko, Sabangan, & Tadian) /hi/ [hi̞]
Rhymes: -i
Syllabification: si

Article

si

oblique argument, specifically a common nominal indefinite marker

See also

(oblique arguments) sin, si, sis, ed, en, en da

References

Janet L. Allen (2014) Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis‎ (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 128

Khumi Chin

Thumb — Si.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sʰi˩/

Noun

si

wild cow

References

K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin‎, Payap University, page 50

Koro (India)

Noun

si

water

References

Roger Blench, Mark Post, (De)classifying Arunachal languages: Reconstructing the evidence (2011)

Kusaal

Etymology

from French scie (“saw”)

Noun

si

saw (tool)

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Adjective

si

(possessive) his, her, hers, its, their

Ladino

Pronunciation

Audio (Spain): (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Spanish si (“if”).

Conjunction

si (Hebrew spelling סי)^[1]

if (supposing that)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Spanish si (“oneself”).

Pronoun

si (Hebrew spelling סי)^[1]

oneself; herself; itself; himself; themselves (form of se used after prepositions)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Spanish si (“yea”).

Particle

si (Hebrew spelling סי)^[1]

yes; aye (commonly used to respond affirmatively to a question)
Antonym: no

References

[1]
“si”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

Latin

Alternative forms

sei (standard in Republican spelling)
se (Merovingian)

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *sei (“so, thus”) used in parataxis, likely via the meaning "in this" as the locative singular of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”); this older meaning is preserved in Latin sīc as well as in the oath sī dīs placet, cf. English so help me God. Related to Old English sē (“he, that”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /siː/, [s̠iː]

(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /si/, [siː]

Conjunction

sī

if, supposing that
Sī versūs hōrum duōrum poētārum neglegētis, magnā parte litterārum carēbitis.
If you neglect the verses of these two poets, you will miss a great part of literature.
whether (when a verb of seeing or trying is the main verb in the apodosis; or when sī is used twice correlatively)
sī... sī ― whether... or

Derived terms

ac sī (“just as if”)
nisi (“unless”)
quasi (“as if, like”)
sī dīs placet (“expr. of indignant surprise”)
sī mē amās (“please”)
sī minus (“if not”)
sī modo (“provided that”)
sī nōn (“if not”)
sī nōndum (“if not yet”)
sī̆ quandō (“if ever”)
sī̆ quidem (“if/since indeed”)
sī quis, sī quid (“if anybody/anything”)
sī vīs (“if you like”)
sī vīvō (“as sure as I'm alive”)
sīc (“so, thus”)
sīcubi (“if anywhere”)
sīcunde (“if from anywhere”)
sīcut (“as”)
sīn (“if however”)
sī(n) aliter (“if otherwise”)
sīs (“if you will”)
sīve, seu (“disjunctive sī”)
sōdēs (“if you will”)

Descendants

Aromanian: si
Catalan: si
Franco-Provençal: se
French: si
Friulian: se
Galician: se
Italian: se
Occitan: se
Portuguese: se
- Guinea-Bissau Creole: si
- Kabuverdianu: si
- Papiamentu: si
Romanian: să
Romansch: sche
Sicilian: si
Spanish: si

References

si in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
si in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"si", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
si in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
si in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “sī, sīc”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 561

Latvian

Noun

si m (invariable)

(music) si

Lolopo

Etymology

From Proto-Loloish *ʃe² (“to die”), from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *səj¹ (“to die”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *səj (“to die”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sz̩³³]

Verb

si

(Yao'an) to die

Noun

si

(Yao'an) death

References

Merrifield, Judith, Merrifield, Scott (2018) “Query for si”, in Yao'an Loxrlavu – English Dictionary (in Chinese), SIL International

Louisiana Creole

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/
Rhymes: -i

Etymology 1

Inherited from French si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

if

Etymology 2

Inherited from French si (“so”).

Adverb

si

so (intensifier)

Etymology 3

**Louisiana Creole cardinal numbers**
< 5	6	7 >
Cardinal : si

Inherited from French six (“six”).

Numeral

si

six

Usage notes

Precedes consonant-initial words. See usage notes at sis.

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /zi/

Pronoun

si

third-person feminine singular, nominative: she
Si ass eng ganz schéi Fra. ― She is a very beautiful woman
third-person feminine singular, accusative: her
Den Hond huet si gebass. ― The dog bit her
third-person plural, nominative: they
Si si ganz schéi Fraen. ― They are very beautiful women.
third-person plural, accusative: them
Den Hond huet si gebass. ― The dog bit them

Usage notes

The feminine singular is used chiefly with feminine words for things. Female persons are predominantly treated as grammatically neuter, though the feminine is not impossible. See hatt for more.

Declension

More information nominative, accusative ...

Luxembourgish personal pronouns
				nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
				str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	reflexive
singular	1st person			ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
	2nd person	informal		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
	2nd person	formal		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
	3rd person		m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
			f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
			n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
plural	1st person			mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
	2nd person			dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
	3rd person			si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Close

Macanese

Alternative forms

se

Etymology

From Portuguese se.

Conjunction

si

if (introduces a condition)
si nunca ― otherwise (literally, “if not”)

si sâm capaz ― if you are brave / if you dare

si más pricisâ ― if more is needed

si já falâ co iou ― if you had told me

si vosôtro querê vêm ― if you (pl.) want to come

iou vai olâ si têm ― I'm going to see if there is any

si têm vagar lôgo vêm ― I'll come if I have time

Derived terms

nunca-si

References

https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *si₁. Compare Compare Berik si, Chamorro si, Indonesian si, and Tagalog si.

Article

si

the (primarily used with people, rarely necessary)
Ke mana perginya si budak nakal yang aku jumpa di taman tadi?
Where has the brat I just met in the park headed to?
definite particle used with adjectives to describe people
si mati
the dead (person)
a definite article used in names or nicknames
Si Polan
John Doe

Synonyms

sang (more formal)

Mandarin

Romanization

si (si⁵ / si⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄙ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of 廁 / 厕

si

Nonstandard spelling of sī.
Nonstandard spelling of sǐ.
Nonstandard spelling of sì.

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French si.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/

Conjunction

si

if

Derived terms

sinon

Interjection

si

yes (used to contradict a negative statement)

Middle Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ziː/

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch sia.

Alternative forms

sie, soe, so

Pronoun

si

she

Inflection

Middle Dutch personal pronouns

	singular					plural
	1st	2nd	3rd			1st	2nd	3rd
			masc.	fem.	neut.
nominative	ic	du	hi	si	het	wi	gi	si
accusative	mi	di	hem, hen	haer		ons	u	hem, hen
dative					hem, hen
genitive	mijn	dijn	sijn	haer	sijn	onse	uwe	haer

Descendants

Dutch: zij
- Afrikaans: sy
Limburgish: zie

Etymology 2

From Old Dutch sia.

Alternative forms

sie

Pronoun

si

they (all genders)
- 1249, Schepenbrief van Bochoute, Velzeke, eastern Flanders:
  Si maken bekent die nu sien ende wesen selen
  They make known to those who are now and will be

Inflection

Middle Dutch personal pronouns

	singular					plural
	1st	2nd	3rd			1st	2nd	3rd
			masc.	fem.	neut.
nominative	ic	du	hi	si	het	wi	gi	si
accusative	mi	di	hem, hen	haer		ons	u	hem, hen
dative					hem, hen
genitive	mijn	dijn	sijn	haer	sijn	onse	uwe	haer

Descendants

Dutch: zij
Limburgish: zie

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

si

first/third-person singular present subjunctive of wēsen

Further reading

“si (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
“si (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “si (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Etymology

From Old English sīe, singular subjunctive of wesan, from Proto-Germanic *sijǭ (first person), *sijēs (second person), and *sijē (third person), singular subjunctive forms of *wesaną.

Verb

si

(Early Middle English, rare) singular present subjunctive of been

Middle French

Alternative forms

se

Etymology

From Old French se.

Adverb

si

if
then (afterwards; following)

Descendants

French: si

Middle Low German

Pronunciation

Possibly: IPA^(key): /siː/
Certainly: Stem vowel: ê⁴
- IPA^(key): /siɛ/, /siə/

Pronoun

sî

Alternative form of sê

Mòcheno

Etymology

From Middle High German si(e), from Old High German siu, from Proto-West Germanic *sī, from Proto-Germanic *sī, nominative singular feminine of *iz. Cognate with German sie.

Pronoun

si

she, it

Inflection

More information singular, plural ...

Personal pronouns
	singular	plural
1st person	i	biar
2nd person	du	ir
3rd person	er, si, s	sei

Close

References

“si” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Mokilese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

Noun

si

ear

Declension

More information singular possessor, first person ...

Possessive forms of si (tight inalienable possession, oa/a stem)
singular possessor	first person		sioaioa
	second person		sioamwen
	third person		sioa
dual possessors	first person inclusive		siasa
	first person exclusive		siama
	second person		siamwa
	third person		siara
plural possessors	first person inclusive		siasai
	first person exclusive		siamai
	second person		siamwai
	third person		siarai
remote plural possessors	first person inclusive		siahs
	first person exclusive		siami
	second person		siemwi
	third person		siahr
construct form			sien

Close

Molo

Noun

si

water

References

Marvin Lionel Bender, Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics (1989)

Nalca

Noun

si

tooth
name

Norman

Etymology

From Old French si, from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

(Guernsey) if

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /siː/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse segja, from Proto-Germanic *sagjaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to say”).

Verb

si (imperative si, present tense sier, passive sies, past tense sa, past participle sagt, present participle siende)

to say

Derived terms

See also

seie, seia (Nynorsk)

Etymology 2

Determiner

si

feminine singular of sin

See also

More information Number, Person ...

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	feminine	masculine	neuter	plural
Singular	First	–	jeg	meg	mi	min	mitt	mine
	Second	general	du	deg	di	din	ditt	dine
	Second	formal (rare)	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	feminine (person)	hun	henne	hennes
		masculine (person)	han	ham / han	hans
		feminine (noun)	den		dens
		masculine (noun)	den		dens
		neuter (noun)	det		dets
		reflexive	–	seg	si	sin	sitt	sine
Plural	First	–	vi	oss	vår		vårt	våre
	Second	general	dere		deres
	Second	formal (very rare)	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	general	de	dem	deres
	Third	reflexive	–	seg	si	sin	sitt	sine

Close

Personal pronouns in Bokmål

Etymology 3

See the main entry.

Noun

si (uncountable)

Alternative form of side, used only in the phrase på si.

Etymology 4

Noun

si (uncountable)

(music) si (seventh note of a major scale)

References

“si” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“si” in The Ordnett Dictionary

Anagrams

-is, is

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Determiner

si f

feminine singular of sin

Etymology 2

Acronym of Latin Sancte Ioannes, the phrase ending the hymn Ut queant laxis from earlier words of which the other notes of solfège were derived. A younger alteration, ti, allows for every note of the solfège to begin with a different letter.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /siː/
Homophone: sid

Noun

si m (definite singular si-en, indefinite plural si-ar, definite plural si-ane)

(music) si, a syllable used in seventh note of a major scale

Coordinate terms

(scale of solfège): do, re, mi, fa, so (or sol), la, ti (or si), do

Etymology 3

Akin to the first part of Old Norse síþráðr.

Noun

si n (definite singular siet, uncountable)

(collective, nautical, dated) tatters of rope used to stop leakage

Etymology 4

Doublet of side.

Noun

si ?

Used only idiomatically in the prepositional phrase på si.

Etymology 5

Clipping of sidan.

Adverb

si

References

“si” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

IS, is, SI, si-

Old English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /siː/

Verb

sī

Alternative form of sīe

Old French

Alternative forms

se
s' (before a vowel)

Etymology 1

From Latin sic.

Adverb

si

so; thus; in such a way
- c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:
  Si li a dit eneslepas
  So he said to him quickly

Descendants

French: si
Norman: si

Etymology 2

See se.

Conjunction

si

Alternative form of se (if)

Old Galician-Portuguese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with Old French sei and Old Spanish si.

Pronoun

si

oneself; herself; itself; himself; themselves (form of se used after prepositions)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin sīc (“thus; so”), from Proto-Indo-European *so (“this, that”).

Particle

si

yes (affirmatively)
Antonym: non
- a. 1284, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 84 (facsimile):
  
  ſi ou non
  yes or no

Descendants

Fala: sí
Galician: si
Portuguese: sim

Old High German

Verb

sī

first/third-person singular present subjunctive of wesan

Old Saxon

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/

Article

si

feminine nominative singular of sē

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

Declension of si
	singular			plural
	masculine	neuter	feminine	plural
nominative	sē	that	si, sia	thē, thie
accusative	than, then	that	thē, thie	thē, thie
genitive	thēs	thēs	thēra	thēra
dative	thēm	thēm	thēra	thēm
instrumental	thiu, thia, thuo, thuru		—

Close

Old Spanish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin si (“if”).

Conjunction

si

if (supposing that)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with Old French sei and Old Galician-Portuguese si.

Pronoun

si

oneself; herself; itself; himself; themselves (form of se used after prepositions)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin sīc (est) (“thus”).

Particle

si

yea; aye; yes (commonly used to respond affirmatively to a question)
Antonym: no

Descendants

Ladino: si, סי
Spanish: si

References

Ralph Steele Boggs et al. (1946) “si”, in Tentative Dictionary of Medieval Spanish, volume II, Chapel Hill, page 469

Pali

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit शी (śī).

Root

si

to lie down

Derived terms

(Verbs):

sayati
sayāpeti
seti

Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit श्रि (śri).

Root

si

to rest on

Usage notes

The initial consonant tends to geminate after prefixes.

Derived terms

(Verbs):

nissayati

(Non-present participles, gerundives, absolutives and infinitives):

(Nouns):

nissaya

Etymology 3

Inherited from Sanskrit सि (si).

Root

si

to bind

Derived terms

Pali terms belonging to the root si (bind) (0 c, 3 e)

Papiamentu

Etymology 1

From Spanish si and Portuguese se and Kabuverdianu si.

Conjunction

si

if
when

Etymology 2

From Spanish sí and Portuguese sim and Kabuverdianu si.

Adverb

si

yes

Portuguese

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

Rhymes: -i
Hyphenation: si

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese si, from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with French soi, Italian sé, Spanish sí.

Alternative forms

sy (obsolete)

Pronoun

si (reflexive)

(following a preposition) oneself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, yourselves, themselves

See also

More information Portuguese personal pronouns, Number ...

Portuguese personal pronouns
Number	Person	Nominative (subject)		Accusative (direct object)		Dative (indirect object)	Prepositional		Prepositional with com		Non-declining
Number	Person	m	f	m	f	m and f	m	f	m	f	m	f
Singular	First	eu		me			mim		comigo
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		você
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		o senhor	a senhora
	Third	ele	ela	o (lo, no)	a (la, na)	lhe	ele	ela	com ele	com ela	o mesmo	a mesma
	Third	ele	ela	se			si		consigo		o mesmo	a mesma
Plural	First	nós		nos			nós		connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)		a gente
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco, com vós		vocês
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco, com vós		os senhores	as senhoras
	Third	eles	elas	os (los, nos)	as (las, nas)	lhes	eles	elas	com eles	com elas	os mesmos	as mesmas
	Third	eles	elas	se			si		consigo		os mesmos	as mesmas
Indefinite				se			si		consigo

Close

Etymology 2

From Latin Sancte Iohannes (“Saint John”) in the hymn for St. John the Baptist.

Noun

si m (plural sis)

si (musical note)

Coordinate terms

(C major scale) escala de dó maior; dó, ré, mi, fá, sol, lá, si

Etymology 3

Conjunction

si

Eye dialect spelling of se, representing Brazil Portuguese.

Etymology 4

Possibly borrowed from Spanish sí or a clipping of sim.

Interjection

si

(Rio Grande do Sul, informal, Internet slang) yes (affirmative answer)
Synonyms: see Thesaurus:sim

Quapaw

Etymology

Cognate with Assiniboine sihá, Dakota sihá, Lakota sí, Omaha-Ponca si, Hidatsa icí, Crow iché.

Noun

si

foot

Romagnol

Pronunciation

(Central Romagnol): IPA^(key): [ˈsiː]

(Ville Unite):

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin sĕx (“six”).

Numeral

si m

six
Uj vö si dè.
It takes six days.

Etymology 2

From the initial letters of Sancte + Iohannes, of the seventh verse of the hymn Ut queant laxis.

Noun

si m (plural si)

Si (musical note)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin sēbum (“tallow”).

Noun

si m (plural si)

tallow

References

Masotti, Adelmo (1996) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, pages 584, 585

Romani

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

si

to be
there be
Used before an accusative personal pronoun to indicate possession.
Si la kale bala.
She has black hair.

Usage notes

The personal pronoun is often omitted when si is used to mean "to be".
When a noun indicates the possessor, si follows the accusative case of the noun.

Conjugation

More information singular, plural ...

		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	sem	san	si	sam	sen	si
	perfect	semas	sanas	sas	samas	senas	sas
	future	avava	avesa	avela	avasa	avena	avena
	imperfect	semas	sanas	sasas	samas	senas	sasas (sinesas)
	past perfect	avilemas	avilǎnas	avilǎsas	avilǎmas	avilenas	avilenas
infinitive		te avav / te ovav	te aves / te oves	te avel / te ovel	te avas / te ovas	te aven / te oven	te aven / te oven
subjunctive	present	avavas	avesas	avelas	avasas	avenas	avenas
subjunctive	past	avilemas	avilǎnas	avilǎsas	avilǎmas	avilenas	avilenas
imperative		—	av (ov)	—	—	aven (oven)	—

Close

Conjugation of si

Derived terms

si te

References

Yūsuke Sumi (2018) ニューエクスプレスプラス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 71

Romanian

Etymology

From Italian si.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/

Noun

si m (plural si)

(music) si (musical note B)

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

Declension of si
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
	singular			plural
nominative-accusative	si	siul		si	sii
genitive-dative	si	siului		si	silor
vocative	siule			silor

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Romansch

Alternative forms

(Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen, se
(Puter, Vallader) sü

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin, Late Latin root sūsum, from Latin sūrsum.

Adverb

si

(Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) up, upward, upwards

Sassarese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/

Etymology 1

From Latin se (“him-, her-, it-, themselves”, reflexive third-person pronoun). Cognate with Italian si, Portuguese si and se.

Alternative forms

s' (apocopic)
-ssi (enclitic)

Pronoun

si

(reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
La camìsgia si la pònini li manni ― Adults wear shirts (literally, “The adults put the shirt on themselves”)
(reciprocal pronoun) each other, one another
Eddi s'àmani ― They love each other
(indefinite) one, you, we, they, people
Lu zipressu si dizi "àiburu di campusantu" ― The cypress is called "graveyard tree"

Related terms

sóiu

Etymology 2

From Latin sī, from Proto-Italic *sei (“so, thus”) used in parataxis, likely via the meaning "in this" as the locative singular of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this, that”).

Conjunction

si

if
Si lu sai, dìmmiru! ― If you know, tell me! (literally, “If you know it, tell it to me!”)

References

Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

Savi

Etymology

From Sanskrit सेतु (setu).

Noun

si

bridge

References

Knobloch, Nina (2020) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan‎, Stockholm: Stockholm University

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/

Pronoun

si (Cyrillic spelling си)

(reflexive) Replaces the dative of a personal pronoun when the subject is of the same person as the dative object; to oneself (clitic dative singular of sȅbe (“oneself”))
1. to myself
2. to yourself
3. to himself, herself, itself
4. to ourselves
5. to yourselves
6. to themselves
(reflexive, emphatic, possessive, dative) one's, of oneself (clitic dative singular of sebe (“one”))
Kako li je samo zaboravio gdje si je parkirao auto?
Just how did he forget where he parked his car?

Declension

More information singular, plural ...

	singular	plural
nominative	—	—
genitive	sȅbe, se	sȅbe
dative	sȅbi, si	sȅbi
accusative	sȅbe, se	sȅbe
vocative	—	—
locative	sȅbi	sȅbi
instrumental	sȍbōm	sȍbom

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Declension of si

Verb

si (Cyrillic spelling си)

second-person singular present of bȉti

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *esi.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [si]

Verb

si

second-person singular present of byť
(you) are, (thou) art

Pronoun

si

dative of seba
Kupujem si topánky. ― I am buying me shoes.

Komu kupuješ topánky? Sebe. ― Whom are you buying shoes for? Myself.

Further reading

“si”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

Slovene

Pronunciation 1

IPA^(key): /sí/

Verb

sȉ

second-person singular present of bíti

Pronunciation 2

IPA^(key): /si/

Pronoun

si

dative singular of sébe

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin si (“if”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/ [si]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -i
Syllabification: si
Homophone: sí

Conjunction

si

if

Derived terms

See also

sí

Further reading

“si”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10

Sumerian

Romanization

si

Romanization of 𒋛

Swahili

Pronunciation

Audio (Kenya): (file)

Verb

si

negative present (all persons, numbers, and classes) of -wa (“to not be”)

Verb

-si

negative relative stem of -wa, -wapo, -wako, or -wamo
mtu asiye na maarifa ― a person without knowledge

Tagalog

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /si/ [sɪ]
Rhymes: -i
Syllabification: si

Etymology 1

From Proto-Austronesian *si. Compare Bikol Central si, Cebuano si, Gorontalo ti, Hiligaynon si, Ilocano si, Kapampangan i, Pangasinan si, and Waray-Waray si.

Article

si (plural sina, Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)

direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people
Tumakbo si Juan.
Juan ran.

Dinala nila si Tatay sa ospital.
They brought Father to the hospital.
direct marker placed before an adjective used to refer to a person with those distinct characteristics
Nandiyan na si taba. ― Fatso is there.

Alternative forms

c — text messaging
çi — obsolete

See also

More information Direct (ang), Indirect (ng) ...

		Direct (ang)	Indirect (ng)	Oblique (sa)
Common	Singular	ang	ng	sa
Common	Plural	ang mga	ng mga	sa mga
Personal	Singular	si	ni	kay
Personal	Plural / Polite	sina	nina	kina

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Tagalog markers

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English cee, the English name of the letter C/c.

Noun

si (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)

the name of the Latin-script letter C/c, in the Filipino alphabet
Synonym: (in the Abecedario) ce

See also

(Latin-script letter names) titik; ey, bi, si, di, i, ef, dyi, eyts, ay, dyey, key, el, em, en, enye, en dyi, o, pi, kyu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dobolyu, eks, way, zi

Further reading

“si”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Ternate

Adverb

si

first, firstly

References

Rika Hayami-Allen (2001). A Descriptive Study of the Language of Ternate, the Northern Moluccas, Indonesia. University of Pittsburgh.

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English sea.

Noun

si

sea
waves; breakers; swells

Turkish

Etymology

From Italian si

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/
Rhymes: -sɪ

Noun

si (definite accusative siyi, plural siler)

(music) si (musical note B)

Vietnamese

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *ɟ-riː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟriiʔ; cognate with Bahnar jri, Khmer ជ្រៃ (crɨy), Khasi jri, Old Mon jrey.

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [si˧˧]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [ʂɪj˧˧] ~ [sɪj˧˧]
(Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʂɪj˧˧] ~ [sɪj˧˧]

Noun

(classifier cây) si

certain members of the Mallotus and Ficus genera

Volapük

Interjection

si

yes
- 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:
  Cils äbinons-li i pö zäl et? Si! elogob us tumis.
  Were there children at that party as well? Yes, I've seen hundreds of them there.

Waigali

Etymology

Borrowed from a descendant of Sanskrit सिंह (siṃhá).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsi/

Noun

si (Nisheigram)^[1]

lion

References

[1]
Strand, Richard F. (2016) “si”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎

Walloon

Etymology

From Old French, from Latin si (“if”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si/

Conjunction

si

if

Welsh

Alternative forms

su

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /siː/
Rhymes: -iː

Noun

si m (plural sïon, not mutable)

murmur, hum
rumour

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sí/

Noun

sí

The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

See also

(Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí

Etymology 2

Preposition

sí

to, at, toward (used when movement is implied)

See also

ní

Etymology 3

Compare with Itsekiri sín

Verb

sí

(intransitive) to be far, to be distant

Etymology 4

Verb

sí

(intransitive) Negative form of wà

Etymology 5

Conjunction

sì

and

Usage notes

Sì is solely used to join verbs/sentences and not nouns, for which àti is used. Additionally, when sì is used, the subject of each verb must be specified.

Mo jó, mo kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́, mo sì kọ lẹ́tà. – I danced, studied, and wrote a letter.
Wọn kò fẹ́ ṣiṣẹ́, wọn kò sì fẹ́ ṣeré. – They don't want to work or play.

Zhuang

Etymology

From Chinese 市 (shì).

Pronunciation

(Standard Zhuang) IPA^(key): /θi˧˥/

Tone numbers: si⁵

Hyphenation: si

Noun

si (1957–1982 spelling si)

city
Nanzningz Si
Nanning City

Zou

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-hjwəj-t (“blood”). Cognates include Nuosu ꌦ (sy) and Burmese သွေး (swe:).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si˧˩/

Noun

sì

blood

Verb

sì

(intransitive) to die

References

Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 47

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