't

See also: Appendix:Variations of "t"

Pronunciation

Audio (US): (file)

Pronoun

't

(archaic or eye dialect) Contraction of it.
- 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 6, column 2:
  He could not miſſe't.
- 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], page 217, column 1:
  Then marke th’inducement. Thus it came; giue heede too’t:
(eye dialect) Contraction of that.
- 2006 February 3, Graham Linehan, The IT Crowd, season 1, episode 2:
  What was all that about?
  Well, like all women, she's shoe-mad.
  't’s a bit sexist, isn't it?
  Do you know one woman who isn't obsessed with shoes?
  No, but I only know one woman. And she just left the room shouting "THE SHOES!"

Derived terms

Remove ads

Verb

't

(uncommon) Contraction of het.

Pronoun

't

(uncommon) Contraction of dit.

Pronoun

't

Contraction of te.

Usage notes

't is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with a vowel.
Fixa't. ― Take note.

Declension

More information strong/subject, weak (direct object) ...

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi³	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic¹	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal¹	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal²	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’⁴	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal²	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
¹⁾ Behaves grammatically as plural. ²⁾ Behaves grammatically as third person.			³⁾ Only as object of a preposition. ⁴⁾ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Close

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ət/, /t/
Audio: (file)

Article

't

Contraction of het (“the”).
Dan houdt 't verhaal op. ― Then the story ends.

Waar in 't veld staat hij? ― Where on the pitch is he?

Wat ga je in 't weekend doen? ― What are you up to this weekend?

Also used in names: Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (Nobel laureate in chemistry)

Pronoun

't

Contraction of het (“it”).
't Is al laat. ― It's late already.

Kan je 't goed zien? ― Can you see it well?

Usage notes

Common in spoken Dutch. Other than in names, "het" is usually written in full in written Dutch.

't is never capitalised, even before a proper noun or at the start of sentences. Instead, the following word is capitalised, as in 't Kan beter. (It could be better.)

Declension

More information subject, object ...

	subject		object		possessive			reflexive	genitive⁵
singular	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	pred.
1st person	ik	'k¹	mij	me	mijn	m'n¹	mijne	me	mijner, mijns
2nd person	jij	je	jou	je	jouw	je	jouwe	je	jouwer, jouws
2nd person archaic or regiolectal	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u	uwer, uws
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u, zich⁷	uwer, uws
3rd person masculine	hij	ie¹	hem	'm¹	zijn	z'n¹	zijne	zich	zijner, zijns
3rd person feminine	zij	ze	haar	h'r¹, 'r¹, d'r¹	haar	h'r¹, 'r¹, d'r¹	hare	zich	harer, haars
3rd person neuter	het	't¹	het	't¹	zijn	z'n¹	zijne	zich	zijner, zijns
plural
1st person	wij	we	ons	–	ons, onze²	–	onze	ons	onzer, onzes
2nd person	jullie	je	jullie	je	jullie	je	–	je	–
2nd person archaic or regiolectal⁶	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u	uwer, uws
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u, zich⁷	uwer, uws
3rd person	zij	ze	hen³, hun⁴	ze	hun	–	hunne	zich	hunner, huns
¹⁾ Not as common in written language. ²⁾ Inflected as an adjective. ³⁾ In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). ⁴⁾ In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). ⁵⁾ Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. ⁶⁾ To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people").				⁷⁾ Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.'

Close

Dutch personal pronouns

Remove ads

Alternative forms

-t', -t, t'

Etymology

Contraction of ti.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t/ [t]

Article

't

Contraction of ti.
- 2017, Diocese of Baguio, “Misa a Sangkagimongan [The Order of Mass]”, in Aweng Rambak: Hymnal of the Diocese of Baguio (overall work in English, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Kankanaey), Baguio: Diocese of Baguio, page xlvi:
  Amami ng adda't sadi langit
  Our father in heaven

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ət/
- IPA^(key): /‿t/ (enclitic after a vowel)

Etymology 1

Contraction of het.

Article

't n

the, it

Pronoun

't n

Reduced form of het (“it”)

Declension

More information nominative, accusative ...

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	reflexive
1st person singular		ich	'ch	mich	m'ch	mir	m'r	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		doe	de	dich	d'ch	dir	d'r	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		duur	'r	uch	uch [əç]	uch	uch [əç]	like dat. and acc.
3rd person singular	m	heë deë	e de	dem	d'm	hem dem	'm	zich
	f	zie het	ze 't
	n	det	't
1st person plural		vir	v'r	ós	—	ós	—	like dat. and acc.
2nd person plural		duur	'r	uch	uch [əç]	uch	uch [əç]	like dat. and acc.
3rd person plural		zie die	ze	hön	—	hönnen	—	zich

Close

Limburgish (Southeast) personal pronouns

Etymology 2

Contraction of het, itself derived from det.

Pronoun

't f

Reduced form of het (“she”)

Declension

More information nominative, accusative ...

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	reflexive
1st person singular		ich	'ch	mich	m'ch	mir	m'r	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		doe	de	dich	d'ch	dir	d'r	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		duur	'r	uch	uch [əç]	uch	uch [əç]	like dat. and acc.
3rd person singular	m	heë deë	e de	dem	d'm	hem dem	'm	zich
	f	zie het	ze 't
	n	det	't
1st person plural		vir	v'r	ós	—	ós	—	like dat. and acc.
2nd person plural		duur	'r	uch	uch [əç]	uch	uch [əç]	like dat. and acc.
3rd person plural		zie die	ze	hön	—	hönnen	—	zich

Close

Limburgish (Southeast) personal pronouns

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t/

Pronoun

't

Alternative form of et

Usage notes

Chiefly used before and after vowels, but never obligatory.

Declension

More information nominative, accusative ...

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	reflexive
1st person singular		ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
3rd person singular	m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
	f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
	n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
1st person plural		mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
2nd person plural		dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
3rd person plural		si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Close

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

Remove ads

Pronoun

't

(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring, Sylt) Reduced form of hat (“it”, subject)
(Föhr-Amrum) Reduced form of hat (“she”, subject)
(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) Reduced form of ham (“it”, object)
(Föhr-Amrum) Reduced form of ham (“her”, object)
(Sylt) Reduced form of höm (“it”, object)

Usage notes

The form 't is enclitic after a verb or conjunction, unlike at, et, which are unstressed, but can occur in all positions.

Alternative forms

(it): at (Föhr-Amrum), et (Mooring, Sylt)
(she; her): 's (Mooring, Sylt)

		personal				possessive
		subject case		object case		masculine referent	feminine / neuter referent	plural referent
		full	reduced	full	reduced	masculine referent	feminine / neuter referent	attributive	independent
singular	1st	ik	'k	mi		man	min		minen
	2nd	dü	–	di		dan	din		dinen
	3rd m.	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin		sinen
	3rd f. / n.	hat	at, 't	ham	at, 't	san	sin		sinen
plural	1st	wi	'f	üs		üüs			üüsen
	1st	wi	'f	üs		üsens
	2nd	jam	'm	jam		jau			jauen
	2nd	jam	'm	jam		jamens
	3rd	jo	's	jo	's	hör			hören
	3rd	jo	's	jo	's	hörens
notes		The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. Dual forms wat / onk and jat / jonk are obsolete, as is feminine jü / hör. Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents. The forms üsens, jamens, hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.

Close

Personal and possessive pronouns (Föhr-Amrum dialect)

More information personal, possessive ...

		personal				possessive
		subject case		object case		masculine referent	feminine / neuter / plural referent
		full	reduced	full	reduced	masculine referent	feminine / neuter / plural referent
singular	1st	ik	'k	me		man	min
	2nd	dü	–	de		dan	din
	3rd m.	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin
	3rd f.	jü	's	har	's	harn	har
	3rd n.	hat	et, 't	ham	et, 't	san	sin
plural	1st	we		üs		üüsen	üüs
	2nd	jam	'm	jam		jarnge
	3rd	ja	's	ja, jam	's	jare
notes		The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. Dual forms wat / unk and jat / junk are obsolete. Attributive and independent possessives are not distinguished in Mooring.

Close

Personal and possessive pronouns (Mooring dialect)

More information personal, possessive ...

		personal				possessive
		subject case		object case		singular referent	plural referent
		full	reduced	full	reduced	singular referent	attributive	independent
singular	1st	ik	'k	mi		min		minen
	2nd	dü	–	di		din		dinen
	3rd m.	hi	'r	höm	'n	sin		sinen
	3rd f.	jü	's	höör	's	höör		höören
	3rd n.	hat	et, 't	höm	et, 't	sin		sinen
dual	1st	wat		unk				unken
	2nd	at		junk				junken
	3rd	jat		jam	's	jaar		jaaren
plural	1st	wü		üüs				üüsen
	2nd	i		juu				juuen
	3rd	ja	's	jam	's	jaar		jaaren
notes		The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur. The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects. Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.

Close

Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /t/ [t̪]

Conjunction

't (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔)

Contraction of at

Usage notes

Only used after a word ending in a vowel or ⟨n⟩, primarily used as a clitic

Derived terms

Determiner

't

neuter singular of de

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Derived terms

Verb

Pronoun

Pronoun

Usage notes

Declension

Pronunciation

Article

Pronoun

Usage notes

Declension

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Article

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Article

Pronoun

Declension

Etymology 2

Pronoun

Declension

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Usage notes

Declension

Pronoun

Usage notes

Alternative forms

See also

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Usage notes

Derived terms

Determiner

English

Afrikaans

Catalan

Dutch

Ilocano

Limburgish

Luxembourgish

North Frisian

Tagalog

Zealandic