Foundations of Individual Behavior
Foundations of Individual Behavior
Foundations of Individual Behavior
Learning
Biographical Characteristics
Biographical Characteristics
Personal characteristicssuch as age, gender, and marital statusthat are objective and easily obtained from personnel records.
Multiple Intelligences Intelligence contains four subparts: cognitive, social, emotional, and cultural.
Which larger shape would be made if the two sections are fitted together?
10 16 22 25 28
Two ducks and two dogs have a total of fourteen legs. True False
Physical Abilities
Physical Abilities
The capacity to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.
Learning
Learning
Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.
Learning
Involves change Is relatively permanent
THEORIES
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Theories of Learning
Classical Conditioning
A type of conditioning in which an individual responds to some stimulus that would not ordinarily produce such a response. Key Concepts Unconditioned stimulus Unconditioned response Conditioned stimulus Conditioned response
Key Concepts
Attentional processes Retention processes Motor reproduction processes Reinforcement processes
Types of Reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
Providing a reward for a desired behavior.
Negative reinforcement
Removing an unpleasant consequence when the desired behavior occurs.
Punishment
Applying an undesirable condition to eliminate an undesirable behavior.
Extinction
Withholding reinforcement of a behavior to cause its cessation.
Schedules of Reinforcement
Continuous Reinforcement A desired behavior is reinforced each time it is demonstrated.
Intermittent Reinforcement A desired behavior is reinforced often enough to make the behavior worth repeating but not every time it is demonstrated.
Variable-Interval Schedule
Rewards are initiated after a fixed or constant number of responses.