Title: Factors Responsible for Students’ Lateness to School as Expressed by

Nigerian Teachers in Elementary Schools

Students’ lateness to school is one of the challenges faced by school
administrators. This research therefore investigated the factors responsible for
students’ lateness to school as expressed by Nigerian teachers in elementary
schools. The influence of moderating variables of sex, years of teaching experience
and educational qualification on the respondents’ expressions was also considered.
The study is descriptive in nature and sampled 200 Nigerian teachers in elementary
schools. An instrument titled ‘Factors Responsible for Lateness to School
Questionnaire (FRLSQ’ was adopted to gather data. The descriptive and inferential
statistics were used as methods of data analysis. It was revealed that the factors
responsible for students’ lateness to school as expressed by Nigerian teachers in
elementary schools are poor preparation for school, going late to bed, distance of
school from home, high level of poverty, peer pressure, single parenting among
others. It is concluded that the factors responsible for lateness to school are
enormous. Practical solutions were therefore recommended.

Title: The Causes of Late Coming among High School Students in

Soshanguve, Pretoria, South Africa

Late coming to school has become a major problem in many schools,

particularly township schools with serious consequences. Current research has
demonstrated that many schools in South Africa are performing badly due to
inefficient use of the teaching and learning time. In this article, we argue that while
major administrative interventions are undertaken to improve the quality of learning
and teaching, it seems that very little attention is paid to late-coming. Late-coming
has become a cancer that saps away big interventions and strays the performance
of selected township schools in a different direction. The purpose of this research is
to investigate the causes of late-coming among high school students in selected
secondary schools of Shoshanguve.

Title: Analysis on Students’ Late-Coming Factors in Selected Secondary

Schools in Zaria: Implications for Educational Managers
This study attempted to answer the following research questions among
others: Has gender any relation with students’ late-coming to school? Has age any
relation with students’ late-coming to school? Do senior students come to school late
than junior? Four secondary schools were selected for the study. Sample of sixty
students late comers were administered with the questionnaire within a period of two
weeks. The instrument was partly adopted, while the other part was self constructed.
The instrument was validated by expert in educational administration and language.
Data collected was analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies for easy
interpretation and understanding. The results indicate that late coming to school is
higher among female students, those within the ages of 16-20 are frequent late
comers and senior among others. It was recommended that parents (especially
mothers) should reduce engaging female students with home activities especially in
the morning; school administrators and teachers should increase effort on
counseling strategies to adolescent students due to their change in perception and
school rules.

Title: Delayed high school start times later than 8:30 am and impact on
graduation rates and attendance rates
Pamela Malaspina McKeever, Linda Clark
2017
Objectives The first purpose of this study was to investigate changes in high
school graduation rates with a delayed school start time of later than 8:30 am. The
second aim of the study was to analyze the association between a delayed high
school start time later than 8:30 am and attendance rates. Design In the current
study, a pre-post design using a repeated-measures analysis of variance was used
to examine changes in attendance and graduation rates 2 years after a delayed start
was implemented. Setting Public high schools from 8 school.

Title: Strategies used by the School Management Team in managing learners'

late coming in a Cape Town high school
Thulisa Gloria Nonkonana
2020
This study explored the strategies used by the School Management Team
(SMT) in managing the late coming of learners in a Cape Town school in relation to
the Department of Education policy on late coming of learners. The need for this
study has its origin in the current difficulties the school is experiencing in managing
late coming of learners despite the existence of the Department of Education's policy
on late coming. The data was collected from 7 members of the School Management
Team, 3 parents and 3 learners from the school, and was collected using semi-
structured interviews.

Title: Effects of Tardiness to the Academic Performance of Grade 12 ABM

Students inBestlink College of the Philippines School Year 2018-2019
Willo Adrian Camadung Abalaing, Emelyn Balsomo Cardinoza Mee Ann Naquila
2019
Many problems can affect the academic performance of the students. One of
these is tardiness. It can widely affect the academic performance of the students
because of missed classes or instructional hours of learning. It may cause failed
accomplishments in homework, written exams, and projects. It may become a habit
of some students that may lead them to more serious problems like the poor learning
process.

Title: Effects of absenteeism to the learning performance of fourth year

students of one national high school in Batangas City, Philippines
Jhemson C Elis
2016
The study aims to determine the effects of absenteeism among fourth year
students to their learning performance. The study utilized descriptive research
method. The quantitative research techniques using Likert scale was used to rate the
individual and school performance due to absenteeism. And also frequency test for
the cause of it whether it is self-inquiry or a family problem. The respondents agree
that self-inquiry is the main reason for a student to make an absence as what is
being taken notice by other students.

"The Causes of Late-coming among high school students in Soshanguwe

Pretoria, South Africa."
Late-coming has become a cancer that saps away big interventions and
strays the performance of selected township schools in a different direction. The
purpose of this Research is to investigate the causes of Late-coming among
highschool students in selected secondary schools of Shoshanguwe.
(Maile, S. and Olowoyo M. M. (2017)

"A cause study on factors leading to Late-coming at Tungi Swami

Swarapananda High School and it's Remedial measures."
Late coming of school going children to school is one of the major problems in
Murshidabad District. An irregular and late comer students in school faces so many
learning problems. The present study is a case study in nature and was conducted at
Tungi Swami Swarapananda High School of Murshidabad District with sample of 60
late comer students. The present researcher(Head of the institution) tries to find out
the magnitude and reasons of the late coming students in School.
(IJRPR.Vol3.No.22.pp1410-1421 December 2022)

"Causes and Effects of tardiness of the Senior High School Students of

Southern de Oro Philippine College."
 Many Senior High School Students come late to school and as a result;
academic subjects will be affected as well as the grades, and they will be able
to miss classes as it affects their class performance that is why every Senior
High School Students should eliminate the cause regarding tardiness (Fullo
and Gramor. February 14 2017)

"The Cause of Tardiness among Senior High School Students."

The tardiness of a student also disturbs other students and teachers,
distracting the flow and system of the whole class. According to Clackmannanshire
council online (as cited by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor, 2011), "Lateness is disruptive to
the individual and the work of the class and maybe an early warning of other
difficulties."
The tardy students create a diversion of attention as he/she walks late in class
and disrupts other students and the teacher with his/her inquiries about the missed
lessons. (Mary Nacional. ND)

"The effects of Tardiness of the Senior High School Students of Southern

Luzon College S. Y. 2017-2018."
According to weade lateness could effect students performance and lead to
low grade averages and the students that have a better attendance and punctuality
have a higher grade point averages. While Students with poor attendance and
punctuality have lower grade point averages. (FAZON, CARLOS IAN SORIL, 2018).

A REVIEW OF FACTORS A ASSOCIATED WITH STUDENT'S LATENESS

BEHAVIOR AND DEALING STRATEGIES
Some students are late to class on a regular basis, and students are probably
displaying a sort of defiance or impedance. Students are proper to rationalize
excuse, such as, traffic jam, parents care or job responsibilities that prevent them
being punctual attending the class. (Marwan Zaid Bataineh, 2014)

ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS LATE-COMING FACTORS IN SELECTED

SECONDARY SCHOOL IN ZAIRA: IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL
MANAGER
On the contrary, unpunctual (late-comers) students are given corporal
punishment such as toilet washing, sweeping, and lot more. In addition late comer's
usually get mis- informed during lessons, for they come to class while lessons have
already began. (Vera rosemary Ankoma- sey, 2015)
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR STUDENTS LATENESS TO SCHOOL AS
EXPRESSED BY NIGERIAN TEACHERS IN SCHOOL
Lateness can be likened to tardiness that is, not quick in carrying out a task
hence, not able to meet up with the scheduled time. (Kabir Adewale Adegunju, 2019)

STUDENTS WHO ARE LATE TO SCHOOL AND HOW IT AFFECTS THEIR

LEARNING
One of the most important aspects of school is that it is organized, scheduled
and predictable. they know the main purpose for being in school is to learn and that
routines are in place precisely to help them focus on that learning. Children who are
often late have trouble setting in and mastering routines. ( Adrian Scott, 2016)

TARDINESS IN RELATION TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL S.Y
2016-2017
For students to be aware of the effect of being tardy especially in school so
that next time that they will do it, they will think twice because they have an idea now
on what will happen to them if they continue being tardy in school. And for teachers
to be aware on those students who are always coming late or not on time in school
and they can advise their students on what they going to do to avoid being tardy in
school. (Caroro persida, 2017)

Family income, school attendance and academic achievement in elementary

school
Higher rates of school absence and tardiness may be one mechanism
through which low family income impacts children's academic success. This study
examines relations between family income, as measured by receipt of free or
reduced-price lunch, school attendance, and academic achievement -Tarny W,
MORRISEY 201
What is the cause of lateness?
But lateness isn't just about poor time management. According to psychologist
Dr. Pauline Wallin, "people who are chronically late are often wrestling with anxiety,
distraction, ambivalence, or other internal psychological states".May 12, 2017

How can Tardiness Affects Academic Performance of the student

Several studies have shown that school tardiness has a negative impact on
learning outcomes By the mere nature of arriving late and missing school hours,
students receive fewer hours of instruction than students who are in class when the
bell sounds 'Rebecca Vukovic -2017

Affects of tardiness in academic performance of grade 12 ABM students in

bestlink college of the Philippines 2018-2019

It can widely affect the academic performance of the student because of

missed classes instaractional hours of learning it may cause failed accomplishment
in home work , written exams , and projects
Willo Camadung ,Emelyn Balsomo -2019

TARDINESS: ITS EFFECTS TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE

GRADE 10 STUDENTS OF SJSFI ENROLLED IN S.Y. 2019-2020
Tardiness is also one way of saying that a person is lazy or is not responsible
to do things even with going to school early. It is one of the reasons why students
cannot finish works, tasks, and projects in time because of being tardy. In the
Philippines, being late and starting things late has always been part of Filipino
culture. Many Filipinos seems to either practice it or accept it, so much that a term
"Filipino Time" was coined (Tan, 2015),

Differences in Factors Responsible for Lateness at School by Male and Female

Learners in Selected Schools in Soshanguve Township, South Africa
Lateness generally refers to a situation in which an individual reports at a
place later than the scheduled, appropriate or agreed time (Onoyase, 2017;
Adegunju et al., 2019.
Owing to the rate of late coming in high schools, lateness is perceived to stifle
development and may negatively affect student academic performance (Maile &
Olowoyo, 2017; McKeever & Clark, 2017; Warne et al., 2020). It can lead to serious
consequences such as missing out on lessons, failing, disrupting the class, school
dropout, time wasting and extension of the period spent by learners in schools
(Onoyase,2017).

EFFECT OF SELF-MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE ON LATE COMING AMONG

SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS IN AWKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AREA, NIGERIA
Lateness to school could easily lead to habitual lateness to duty now and in
future. The habitual late to school students quickly mix up with rough children in
schools. The students who are frequently late to school have higher rates of
suspension and other disciplinary measures. Lateness to school, therefore, leads to
other behavioural problems in schools such as truancy and the joining of bad gangs.
Lateness to school if allowed to persist and unchecked, could lead to the nation
being plunged into a difficult situation.Although several researchers had established
the efficacy of self-management (example, Gresham 2004; & Olanrewaju &
Olufunmilayo, 2014)
PSYCHOSOCIAL VARIABLES PREDISPOSING LATENESS TO SCHOOL
AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ESAN WEST LOCAL
GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE, NIGERIA
Literally, the term “lateness” implies a situation where an individual arrives
after the proper, scheduled or usual time. In the context of the school, it is the
habitual,intentional/intentional failure to arrive early to school at the designated time.
Lauby (2020) puts it as a term used to describe “people not showing up on time”. He
added that lateness is synonymous with “tardiness”, which implies being slow to act
or slow to respond. Peretomode (2016) noted that lateness could be seen as a
system of network breakdown. Indeed, it is an act of indiscipline common among
students. Lateness among students is not really a problem in itself when
contingencies and necessity necessitate one late coming.
Lateness: A Recurrent Problem among Secondary School Students in Akoko
South East Local Government Area of Ondo State Nigeria, Implications for
Counselling
Over the years, lateness to school by students of secondary schools has
become a recurrent issue. Probably, this was why Chujor (2014) stressed that school
administrators, teachers, parents and others have shown sincere concern about it.
Chujor asserted that a lot of measures have been adopted to curb the occurrence
such as giving punishment like flogging or being sanctioned. In short, recurrent
lateness to school by students may be one of the reasons responsible for the falling
standards of education in Nigeria. If lateness to school is allowed to continue,it may
have adverse effect on the attainment of the objectives the Universal Basic
Education(UBE).

"Factors Affecting Students Tardiness in College of Business Administration

and Accountancy, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology"
Tardiness among students has its own negative repercussions. It is
emphasized that lateness or tardiness is not just the problem of the late student but it
affects the surrounding people. A student coming late in class distracts the rest of
the students and disrupts the flow of the teacher’s discussion. It is even a burden to
the student/s
whom the late students ask for what to catch up with (Nakpodia and Dafiaghor,
2011).(Kent C. Bande, 2013)
"DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH ON TARDINESS OF STUDENTS IN GRADE X
PHOENIX SECTION"
 Basically, a sound mind needs adequate sleep to function well especially in
learning lessons at school. Adequacy on the number of hours of sleep per individual
vary by its age category. A typical student in adolsecent stage needs 8-10 hours of
sleep to have a keener sense of understanding the lessons all through out the day. A
student who have a complete 10 hours of undisturbed and sounding sleep was
generally gaining outstanding results in academic excellence.(RIMMON A. PAREN,
MBA, 2016)

"FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE TARDINESS AS PERCEIVED BY

GRADE11- HUMSS OF SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA COLLEGE"
The distance between the students home and school or society the school's
location is also considered by Nakpodia and Dafighor as a possible cause for
tardiness. Not just because it takes more time to get to school, but according to the
authors, student is susceptible to more distractions and hindrances along to pass
through.(Marjay M. Asajar Adam T. Dawinan John Frank B. Faustino Darren
Grindulo Mark Evanson Manangkil Chris Bryan Solano, October 2017)

"The Perception Towards the Factors Influencing the Tardiness of Junior High
School Students in Central Colleges of the Philippines"
Studies have revealed that those students with “perfect or near
-perfect attendance” have good grades compared to those students who
misses classes often and late-comers (Cowan Avenue Elementary School
Community, 2007) Moreover, as mentioned by Zeiger (2010), the results from the
survey report conducted by teachers show that students with high tardiness rates
have “higherrates of suspension and other disciplinary measures” (National Center
for Education Statistics Indicators of School Crime and Safety [NCESISCS] (2007)).It
also causes the students to have behavioral problems and to drop out. Lastly, Zeiger
(2010) stated that “Students who are frequently tardy to school are alsomore apt to
be fired from a job for showing up late”(Arian Bondeso, Aljon Villocino, Marion Ng,)

"A Quantitative Study On The Reason For Tardiness Of Senior High School
Students Of St. Mary's College Quezon City Of School Year 2018-2019"
Tardy behavior can also negatively affect the overall classroom environment,
It can affect the classroom ambiance because when they arrive last in class they can
interrupt the flow of a lecture or discussion of teachers, as a result, the students
concentration to the discussion will turn to the student who arrived late in class. Also,
according to Weade lateness could affect students performance and lead to low
grade averages. And the students that have a better attendance and punctuality
have higher grade point averages. While students students with poor attendance and
punctuality have lower grade point averages. (Miguel Lorenzo C. Cabellero, Kim
Benedic A.
Mendez, Kurt Daniel G. Milidante, Mark Joshua C. Palarca, Nigel Adam Milan S. San
Juan, 2019)

‘Factors Responsible for Students’ Lateness to School as Expressed by

Nigerian Teachers in Elementary Schools”
Students’ lateness to school is one of the challenges faced by school
administrators. This research therefore investigated the factors responsible for
students’ lateness to school as expressed by Nigerian teachers in elementary
schools. The influence of moderating variables of sex, years of teaching experience
and educational qualification on the respondents’ expressions was also considered.
(Kabir Adewe Adegunju, Eniola Keji Ola-Alam, & Lydia Akuma Agubosi,2019)
“EFFECTS OF TARDINESS TO GRADE 12 STUDENTS ON THEIR ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE”
Punctuality is one of the schools’ policies that a student must comply. One is
required to attend daily the first school hour activity which is the flag ceremony. It is
everyone's obligation which precedes every class of the first subject in all grade
level. The juncture in a way implies the time of a student. Yet, there are number of
them failed to adhere. Tardiness remained unsolved which contribute largely to the
poor performance of the students academically if not addressed earlier, would further
lead to the students’ failure in a certain academic subject. (Dolumbal Norgen et
al.,2019)
“Factors that Affect the Tardiness of the Senior high school students of Holy
Family Academy”
Most schools around the Philippines have problems with students who are
consistently late. Attendance is important as it embodies the presence of the
students in school and the discipline of being on time. it is a time given before the
start of the class. The primary reason for a student being late is the geographical
distance which implies the need for transportation in order to arrive at school. The
research is generally about the factors of tardiness in senior high students. (Endaya,
et.al.,2019)
“TARDINESS AND THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE GRADES 11 AND 12 ART
AND DESIGN TRACK STUDENTS OF CAMARINES SUR NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL”
This study was conducted to identify and know the relationship between
tardiness and the academic performance of the Grade 11 and 12 Arts and
Design Track of Camarines Sur National High School, in the academic year
2018-2019. Specifically, it answered the following: 1) What is the profile of the
respondents in terms of Age, Gender, and General Average? 2) What are the
causes of students’ tardiness? 3) What are the effects on students’ tardiness?
(Ramos et al.,2019)
’Factors of Tardiness in STEM 11-D Students of San Sebastian College
Recoletos de Cavite”
We Filipinos are not that kind of conscious when it comes to time; sometimes
they called us “Filipino time” which means we are late in the given time. This
situation always happened mostly in school, especially to those young students or
Preschoolers or grade schools. They said that punctuality will lead you to success
but what, if we are practicing bad habits at this moment? Punctuality is one of the
virtues beyond reproach. If we have this kind of virtue, much of the time and wealth
will be saved in every Filipino. Punctuality will include all of the positive actions in all
aspects. Though it was less appreciated in other situations like productivity against
punctuality, nonetheless, it is still very vital in situations that needed it most. (Posas
et al.,2019)

DIFFERENCE IN FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR LATENESS AT SCHOOL BY

MALE AND FEMALE LEARNERS IN SELECTED SCHOOL IN SOSHANGUVE
TOWNSHIP, SOUTH AFRICA

Late coming has become a major problem globally and from a study
conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD, 2013) which interviewed students from many countries, it was found that
most students arrived at school after lessons had already started (OECD, 2013;
Nonkonana & Kwenda, 2019). Lateness generally refers to a situation in which an
individual reports at a place later than the scheduled, appropriate or agreed time
(Onoyase, 2017; Adegunju et al., 2019). Within the school context, lateness may be
defined as arrival at school by learners after the official opening hours and may be
further be extended to arriving late at scheduled normal timetable for lectures or
classes to begin (Maile & Olowoyo, 2017). (Mary Motolani Olowoyo, Sam Ramaila
and Lydia Mavuru, 2021)

ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS’ LATE-COMING FACTORS IN SELECTED

SECONDARY SCHOOL IN ZARIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL
MANAGERS
On the contrary, unpunctual (late-comers) students are caned, given corporal
punishment such as toilet washing, sweeping, weeding and lot more. These
punishments have dual effects on the students, thus afflicting pains and waste of
time (non attending vital period of the morning hours). In addition, late comers
usually get mis-informed during lessons, for they come to class while lessons have
already began, they also disturb other students already in class and many at times
disrupt lessons. School as a system operates in interconnection and interrelatedness
within and also with the community (the home). (Abubakare M. Jumare, Bashir A.
Maina,Vera Rosemary Ankoma-Sey, 2015)
THE CAUSES OF LATE COMING AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF
SOSHANGUVE, PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA

Late coming to school is one of the major problems that have plagued many
schools; there is hardly any school that is spared from this problem. The impact of
this great menace cannot be over emphasized, as it has contributed immensely in a
negative way to the academic achievement of learners and the functioning of the
school (Okpupara and Chuwuone, 2007). (Simeon Maile, Mary Motolani Olowoyo,
2017)

TARDINESS IN RELATION TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL AY
Tardiness has already become a habit of some students nowadays, being
tardy meanscoming late on school even their house is just beside their school and it
can lead to moreserious problems affecting their academic learning as well as in
their performances, if astudent is not on time every day the student cannot perform
well in class discussions, when passing their output after deadline is also an
example of being tardyBut up to now students are still unaware of what will be the
consequences to theiracademic performance , in this study the researchers will aim
on finding an answer to thedifferent causes and how to avoid being tardy.
( PERSIDA ET AL, 2016-2017)

Reasons of Tardiness among BTLED College Students of University of

Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Oroquieta City
Tardiness has become a habit of some students nowadays. Tardiness is
when students are consistently late to class and can have dramatic results on a
student’s future education and career. Similarly, students who leave school early
miss out on valuable instructional time. Also, students who arrive late and leave early
from school miss out on key learning opportunities such as morning huddles,
morning announcements, academic activities,tests and quizzes, and social
interactions with peers. (Academies, Attendance Matters: The Impact of Tardiness
on Student Success, 2018)The tardiness implies a situation where an individual is
coming, occurring, or remaining after correcting, usual or unexpected time. Thus, the
term “Class Tardiness” has been defined as students not attending lecture on time,
missing out initial time from the first period and primarily not being present in the time
set.
Title: Delayed high school start times later than 8:30 am and impact on
graduation rates and attendance rates
Pamela Malaspina McKeever, Linda Clark
2017
 Objectives The first purpose of this study was to investigate changes in high
school graduation rates with a delayed school start time of later than 8:30 am. The
second aim of the study was to analyze the association between a delayed high
school start time later than 8:30 am and attendance rates. Design In the current
study, a pre-post design using a repeated-measures analysis of variance was used
to examine changes in attendance and graduation rates 2 years after a delayed start
was implemented. Setting Public high schools from 8 school.

Title: Strategies used by the School Management Team in managing learners'

late coming in a Cape Town high school
Thulisa Gloria Nonkonana
2020
This study explored the strategies used by the School Management Team
(SMT) in managing the late coming of learners in a Cape Town school in relation to
the Department of Education policy on late coming of learners. The need for this
study has its origin in the current difficulties the school is experiencing in managing
late coming of learners despite the existence of the Department of Education's policy
on late coming. The data was collected from 7 members of the School Management
Team, 3 parents and 3 learners from the school, and was collected using semi-
structured interviews.

Title: The causes of late coming among high school students in Soshanguve,
Pretoria, South Africa
Simeon Maile, Mary Motolani Olowoyo 2017
Late coming to school has become a major problem in many schools,
particularly township schools with serious consequences. Current research has
demonstrated that many schools in South Africa are performing badly due to
inefficient use of the teaching and learning time. In this article, we argue that while
major administrative interventions are undertaken to improve the quality of learning
and teaching, it seems that very little attention is paid to late-coming.

Title: Effects of Tardiness to the Academic Performance of Grade 12 ABM

Students inBestlink College of the Philippines School Year 2018-2019
Willo Adrian Camadung Abalaing, Emelyn Balsomo Cardinoza Mee Ann Naquila
2019
Many problems can affect the academic performance of the students. One of
these is tardiness. It can widely affect the academic performance of the students
because of missed classes or instructional hours of learning. It may cause failed
accomplishments in homework, written exams, and projects. It may become a habit
of some students that may lead them to more serious problems like the poor learning
process.

Title: Effects of absenteeism to the learning performance of fourth year

students of one national high school in Batangas City, Philippines
Jhemson C Elis
2016
The study aims to determine the effects of absenteeism among fourth
year students to their learning performance. The study utilized descriptive
research method. The quantitative research techniques using Likert scale was
used to rate the individual and school performance due to absenteeism. And
also frequency test for the cause of it whether it is self-inquiry or a family
problem. The respondents agree that self-inquiry is the main reason for a
student to make an absence as what is being taken notice by other students.
"Filipino time is the expression used to say it is a cultural thing not to be on
time and not to care”, John Grant stated on his blog. But he also mentions other
aspect of being a Filipino. One is being hospitable and aspiring yet being a low class
society.
In chapter 22 of the novel entitled "El Filibusterismo”, the characters watch a
play in a grand theater. A lady and her husband enter the theater very late into the
play. She was described to have the “air of a queen” and came late as if to say, “I’ve
come later than all of you, you crowd of upstarts and provincials!” Rizal points out
here that tardiness by Filipinos was not just a habit, but a status symbol. He even
compared this mindset of tardiness of Filipinos to being in a mule race — that the
latest one “wins” and is considered most important.
Brian Tan (2016) worded, " When we label our tardiness as Filipino Time, we
simply further perpetuate the crippling network effects of the habit and its negative
brand. This is unfair for the many Filipinos out there who are punctual, disciplined,
and mindful of another people’s time. As such, the next time you are tardy, don’t
blame it on Filipino Time. It’s time we start admitting our own faults. It’s time we
stopped Filipino Time from being a celebrated part of our culture as Filipinos."
Meaning Filipino time was not that rare to us. It was simple a part of our culture but
it`s our choice to be tardy, It`s not always about our culture.
School absenteeism is a disturbing issue for heads, instructors, guardians,
and the general public, by and large, and in addition for the understudies,
specifically. It might show low execution of instructors, understudies' disappointment
of the school's administrations, or absence of or poor scholarly and non-scholastic
structures or strategies that address the issues or factors affecting or fortifying this
conduct. Guardians are monetarily loaded for having their youngsters to remain
longer in the school, having to re-enlist them in subjects where they flop because of
over-the-top unlucky deficiencies. The present examination planned to investigate
the procedure by which the wonder of school absenteeism advances or is
experienced by the undergrads. Inside and out meetings of ten truant understudies
and the utilization of altering style examination and a technique portrayed by Colaizzi
(1978) yielded three classification plans of understanding of school absenteeism: (a)
weakening conditions - feeling of weakness; (b) confused esteem framework - stirred
up needs; and (c) educational quandaries – unappealing scholastic situations. In
view of the discoveries, the instructive, mental and socio-social ramifications are
examined.
An investigation of the recurrence of event of behavioral issues in schools and
the seriousness of those issues as apparent by school principals was done. The
Philippine example comprised of principals of the 150 schools which took an interest
in the Third International Mathematics and Science Study-Repeat (TIMSS-R) in
1999. Their impression of the issues was contrasted and those of an International
example for which information was given by the Committee in Boston,
Massachusetts.
The three most every now and again happening issues in the Philippine
example were lateness; unjustified unlucky deficiencies and infringement of the
clothing regulation. In the International example the most successive issues were
lateness, non-attendance, and classroom unsettling influences. Irreverence,
cigarette or tobacco utilize or ownership, were likewise high recurrence issues in the
International example. The degrees of seriousness of the issues in the two examples
contrasted predominantly in socially related factors. (Milagros, 2001)
Several factors have been identified in different literature as some of the
reasons why students come late to school. Chiu Mochi (1993) identified factors such
as age, family commitments, change of jobs on the part of parent, health problems
as some of the factors that may affect tardiness among Senior High School students.
Okwelle (2003) noted among other factors that, learners may develop negative
attitude towards school resulting in tardiness or poor attendance because of non-
employment of school leaves, repetition of class and insecurity.
In a separate study, Alio (2003) highlighted social status and education level
of parents as factors that may influence school attendance and late-coming. The
study further pointed out that geographical location of the students’ home and
school, students’ attitude toward the first subject of the day and inadequate
supervision of students’ activities by teacher and parents and poor teaching methods
among others may also affect the tardiness on the part of students.

The report of Okpukpara and Chukkwuone (2007) identified the role of gender
in child schooling. From the study, Female headed household have higher
attendance in school whereas educated fathers are more likely to have strong impact
in increasing the probability of child school attendance than mothers. Emore (2005)
reported that tardiness is common among female students than male students. This
may be due to involvement in domestic activities.