10 Ideal Q Bank - Tamil PDF

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nfh. ghf;fpaehjd;/ M.A., M.Phil, B.Ed.,
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®
SRI GANGA PUBLICATIONS
(A unit of Shyamala Group)
No. 1, Sugar Mill Colony, Phone : 0462 - 2338899, 2338484.
Salai Kumaran illam, Mobile : 94431-58484,
Madurai Road, 94425-58484,
Tirunelveli - 627 001. 89032-58484
E-mail: suryaguides@yahoo.com
website : www.suryapublications.in
tpiy: ` 80/-
jdpg;gpujp ntz;Lnthu; fPH;f;fhQk; vz;zpy; gzk; brYj;jpagpd;
bjhlh;g[ bfhz;lhy; g[buhg&dy; bfhupau; @yk;
j=;fs; ,Ug;gplj;jpw;nf mDg;gp itf;fg;gLk;.
G.Pay No.: 98942-27449
Online Shopping
PhonePe No. : 94431-58484
G.Pay No. : 94425-58484
Pay TM No. : 94431-58484
Our Bank Details

Account Name :4 Surya Publications
Account Number :4 446971431
Bank Name :4 INDIAN BANK
IFSC Code :4 IDIB000T034
Branch Name :4 Tirunelveli Junction
Account Name : Surya Publications

Account Number : 510909010051752
Bank Name : CITY UNION BANK
IFSC Code : CIUB0000230
Branch Name : Palayamkottai
Account Name : sri ganga Publication

Account Number : 928507483
Bank Name : INDIAN BANK
IFSC Code : IDIB000T034
Branch Name : Tirunelveli Junction
Printed at: Sri Shyamala Printers, Tirunelveli.

Marketed by: SURYA Publications & GANGA Publications.
muR tpdhj;jhs;fs; ? tpilfSld; 1
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cldoahfj; bjuptpf;ft[k;.
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gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.
Fwpg;g[: i) ,t;tpdhj;jhs; Ie;J gFjpfisf; bfhz;lJ.
ii) tpilfs; bjspthft[k; Fwpj;j mstpdthft[k; brhe;j eilapYk; mikjy;
ntz;Lk;.
gFjp ?I (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 15)

i) midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;ft[k;. 15×1=15
ii) bfhLf;fg;gl;l ehd;F tpilfspy; rupahd tpilapidj; nju;e;bjLj;Jf;
FwpaPl;Lld; tpilapida[k; nru;j;J vGjt[k;
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m) thdj;ija[k; ghl;ila[k; M) thdj;ija[k; g[fiHa[k;
,) thdj;ija[k; g{kpiaa[k; <) thdj;ija[k; ngbuhypiaa[k;
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3. ``,=;F efug; ngUe;J epw;Fkh>~~ vd;W tHpg;nghf;fu; nfl;lJ ?????? tpdh.
``mnjh m=;nf epw;Fk;~~ vd;W kw;bwhUtu; TwpaJ ?????? tpil.
m) Iatpdh/ tpdh vjpu;tpdhjy; M) mwptpdh/ kiwtpil
,) mwpahtpdh/ Rl;Ltpil <) bfhsy; tpdh/ ,dbkhHp tpil
4. bjhy;fhg;gpak; Fwpg;gpLk; ,irf;fUtp ??????.
m) $hy;uh M) giw ,) cWkp <) ehfRuk;
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m) fhyk; khWtij M) tPl;ilj; Jilg;gij
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?????? g{f;fis khiyahf;FfpwJ.
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8. ``r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fs;/ Ie;jpizfSf;Fkhd xGf;f=;fis ,UjpizfSk; gad;bgw
vLj;jpak;g[fpd;wd~~ ? ,j;bjhlupy; mike;Js;s bjhifr; brhw;fspd; bghUj;jkhd
tpupiaf; fz;lwpf.
m) Fwp+;rp/ Ky;iy/ bea;jy;/ kUjk;/ ghiy ? ey;tpid/ jPtpid
M) Fwp+;rp/ Ky;iy/ kUjk;/ bea;jy;/ ghiy ? cau;jpiz/ mBwpz
,) Fwp+;rp/ Ky;iy/ bea;jy;/ ghiy/ kUjk; ? mwk;/ bghUs;/ ,d;gk;
<) Fwp+;rp/ kiy/ Ky;iy/ fhL/ kUjk;/ tay;/ bea;jy;/ fly; ? gid jpiz
9. `nfs;tpapdhd;~ vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;g[
m) tpidahyiza[k; bgau; M) bjhHpw;bgau;
,) tpidj;bjhif <) gz;g[j;bjhif
10. fiyau=;fj;jpy; vdf;fhff; fhj;jpUf;fpwtiu miHj;J thU=;fs; ? ,j;bjhlu;
m) tpdhj;bjhlu; M) jdpj;bjhlu;
,) bra;jpj;bjhlu; <) fyitj;bjhlu;
11. ``fha;e;j ,iya[k; fha;e;j njhifa[k;~~ epyj;Jf;F ey;y cu=;fs; ? ,j;bjhlupy;
mof;nfhol;l gFjp Fwpg;gpLtJ.
m) ,iya[k; rUFk; M) njhifa[k; Xiya[k;
,) jhSk; Xiya[k; <) rUFk; rz;Lk;
ghliyg; goj;Jg; gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F (12/ 13/ 14/ 15) tpil jUf.
`ède;jiy cyfk; tis, nekpbahL
tyk;g[up bghwpj;j khjh=;F jlf;if
ePu; bry/ epkpu;e;j khmy; nghy/
ghL,kpH; gdpf;fly; gUfp/ tyd; Vu;g[/
nfhL bfhz;L vGe;j bfhL+; bryt[ vHpyp
bgUk;bgay; bghHpe;j rpWg[d; khiy~~
12. ,g;ghlypd; Mrpupau;
m) xsitahu; M) eg;g{jdhu;
,) ey;ntl;ldhu; <) bgU=;bfsrpfdhu;
13. ,g;ghly; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s E}y;
m) kiygLflhk; M) gupghly;
,) Ky;iyg;ghl;L <) ew;wpiz
14. ède;jiy cyfk;~ ? ,j;bjhlupd; bghUs;>
m) rpwpa cyfk; M) eide;j cyfk;
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gFjp - II (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 18)

gpupt[ ? 1
vitnaDk; ehd;F tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; FWfpa tpilaspf;f.
21MtJ tpdhtpw;Ff; fl;lhakhf tpilaspf;f ntz;Lk;. 4×2=8
16. tpilfSf;nfw;w tpdhf;fs; mikf;f.
m. xU ehl;od; tsj;jpw;Fj; jf;fgona/ me;ehl;L kf;fspd; mwpbthGf;f=;fSk;
mike;jpUf;Fk;.
M. 1956 Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; 1 Mk; ehs; fd;dpahFkup khtl;lk; jkpH;ehl;Lld;
,ize;jJ.
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18. èkf;F capu; fhw;W/ fhw;Wf;F tuk; kuk; ? ku=;fis btl;o vwpahky; el;L
tsu;g;nghk;~ ? ,J nghd;w cyf fhw;W ehs; tpHpg;g[zu;t[f;fhd ,uz;L KHf;fj;
bjhlu;fis vGJf.
19. ``kd;dDk; rpyk;ng- kzpnk fiytont-
Kd;Dk; epidthy; KojhH thH;j;Jtnk-~~ ? Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpa=;fSs;
,t;tofspy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s ,Ufhg;gpa=;fisj; jtpu v+;rpa[s;s fhg;gpa=;fspd;
bgau;fis vGJf.
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21. `fz;~ vd Koa[k; jpUf;Fwis vGJf.
gpupt[ ? 2
vitnaDk; Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; FWfpa tpilaspf;f. 5×2=10
22. mz;zd; new;W tPl;ow;F te;jJ. mz;zd; g[wg;gLk;nghJ mk;kh tHpaDg;gpaJ.
(tGit tHhepiyahf khw;Wf)
23. bghUj;jkhdtw;iwr; brhw;bgl;oapy; fz;L vGJf.
njhw;ghit/ tpUJ/ njhw;git/ tpUe;J
m) thH;f;ifapy; ?????? kPz;Lk; bty;Yk; ? ,ijj; jj;Jtkha;j; ?????? f; Tj;J
brhy;Yk;.
M) bjUf;Tj;jpy; eofUf;Ff; ifj;jl;lny ?????? mjpy; tUk; fhR Fiwe;jhYk;
mJntatu; ??????.
24. bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,U brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp xU bjhlu; mikf;f.
rpW ? rPW
25. fiyr;brhw;fs; jUf. m) Modern Literature M) Epic Literature
26. bjhHpw;bgaUf;Fk; tpidahyiza[k; bgaUf;Fk; ntWghLfs; ,uz;oid
vGJf.
27. bghUj;jkhd epWj;jw; Fwpfis ,Lf.
nruu;fspd; gl;lg; bgau;fspy; bfhy;yp btw;gd; kiyakhd; nghd;wit
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit bfhy;yp kiyia btd;wtu;fs; bfhy;yp btw;gd; vdt[k; gpw
4   jkpH;
kiyg;gFjpfis btd;wtu;fs; kiyakhd; vdt[k; bgau; Nl;of;bfhz;ldu;
,jw;Fr; r=;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; rhd;Wfs; cs;sd.
28. `mwpnad;~ ? gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.
gFjp - III (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 18)

gpupt[ ? 1
vitnaDk; ,uz;L tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; RUf;fkhf tpilaspf;f. 2×3=6
29. ePtpu; mwpe;j braw;if Ez;zwpt[g; gad;ghL @d;wpid vGJf.
30. b$afhe;jd; jk; fijkhe;ju;fspd; rpwe;j TWfisf; Fwpg;gplj; jtWtjpy;iy
vd;W mnrhfkpj;jpud; TWfpwhu;. ,f;Tw;iw bka;g;gpf;Fk; TW xd;iwj;
`ju;f;fj;jpw;F mg;ghy;~ fij khe;ju; thapyhff; Fwpg;gpLf.
31. ciug;gj;jpiag; goj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil jUf.
jk; tPl;ow;F tUk; tpUe;jpdiu Kfkyu;r;rpnahL tuntw;W cz;z czt[k;
,Uf;f ,lKk; bfhLj;J md;g[ ghuhl;Ltnj tpUe;njhk;gy;. tpUe;jpdu; vd;why;
cwtpdu; vd;W ,f;fhyj;jpdu; fUJfpd;wdu;. cwtpdu; ntW/ tpUe;jpdu; ntW.
Kd;gpd; mwpahj g[jpatu;fSf;nf tpUe;jpdu; vd;W bgau;. mjdhy;jhd; `tpUe;nj
g[Jik~ vd;W bjhy;fhg;gpau; md;nw Twpa[s;shu;.
m) tpUe;jpdu; vd;nghu; ahtu;>
M) tpUe;J Fwpj;Jj; bjhy;fhg;gpau; TwpaJ ahJ>
,) ,t;t[iug;gFjpf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jiyg;g[ xd;W jUf.
gpupt[ ? 2
vitnaDk; ,uz;L tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; RUf;fkhf tpilaspf;f. 34MtJ
tpdhtpw;Ff; fl;lhakhf tpilaspf;f ntz;Lk;. 2×3=6
32. ``cs;tha; thu;j;ij clk;g[ bjhlhJ~~ ? ,l+;Rl;og; bghUs; tpsf;Ff.
33. itj;jpaehjg[up KUfd;/ mzpe;jpUf;Fk; mzpfyd;fSld; FHe;ijahfr;
br=;fPiu Moa eaj;jpid tpsf;Ff.
34. mogpwHhky; vGJf.
`ètkzp tlf;f apy;nghy;~~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; njk;ghtzpg; ghly;.
(my;yJ)
``thshy; mWj;Jr; RoDk;~~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; bgUkhs; jpUbkhHpg; ghly;.
gpupt[ ? 3
35. ``fz;nz fz;Qw=;F-
fhiyapy; ePbaGk;g[-
khkiH bga;ifapny-
khk;g{nt fz;Qw=;F-
ghondd; jhyhl;L-
Mo Mo Xa;e;Jw=;F-~~
? ,j;jhyhl;Lg; ghlypy; mike;Js;s bjhfhepiyj; bjhlu; tiffis vGJf.
36. bghUsy; ytiug; bghUshfr; bra;a[k;
bghUsy;y jpy;iy bghUs; ?,f;Fwl;ghtpid myfpl;L tha;ghL jUf.
37. jd;ik mzp Fwpj;J vGJf.
gFjp - IV (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 25)
midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;f. 5×5=25
38. m) rpyg;gjpfhu kUt{u;g;ghf;f tzpftPjpfis ,f;fhy tzpf tshf=;fnshLk;
m=;fhofnshLk; xg;gpl;L vGJf.
(my;yJ)
M) Mw;Wg;gLj;Jjy; vd;gJ md;iwf;Fg; g[ytu;fisa[k; fiy+u;fisa[k;
ts;sy;fis nehf;fp bewpg;gLj;Jtjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,d;iwa epiyapy;
Mw;Wg;gLj;Jjy; xU tHpfhl;Ljyhf khwpapUg;gij tpsf;Ff.
39. m) c=;fs; bjUtpy; kpd;tpsf;Ffs; gGjile;Js;sd. ,utpy; rhiyapy; ele;J
bry;nthUf;Fk; thfd Xl;ofSf;Fk; Vw;gLk; ,ila{Wfisf; Fwpg;gpl;L/
g[jpa kpd;tpsf;Ffisg; bghUj;Jk;go kpd;thupa mYtyUf;Ff; fojk;
vGJf.
(my;yJ)
M) ``kuk; ,aw;ifapd; tuk;~~ vDk; jiyg;gpy;/ khepy mstpy; elj;jg;bgw;w
fl;Liug; nghl;oapy; Kjy; gupR bgw;w njhHid thH;j;jp kly; vGJf.
40. glk; czu;j;Jk; fUj;ij eaKw Ie;J bjhlu;fspy; vGJf.

41. jl;lr;ru; gzptha;g;g[ ntz;oj; jd;tptug; gl;oay; xd;iw epug;g[f.
42. m) jkpHfg; ghuk;gupa fiyfisg; ghJfhf;ft[k; tsu;f;ft[k; nkYk; gutyhf;ft[k;
eP=;fs; bra;a tpUg;gdtw;iw tupirg;gLj;jp vGJf.
gpwe;j ehs; tpHhf;fspy; kapyhl;lk; Kjyhd fiyfis epfH;j;j
Kidntd;.
v=;fs; FLk;g tpHhf;fspy; bghk;kyhl;lk; epfH;j;j Vw;ghL bra;ntd;.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(my;yJ)
6   jkpH;
bkhHpbgau;f;f.
M)
T he Golden sun gets up early in the morning and starts its bright rays to fade away the dark,
The milky clouds start their wandering. The colourful birds start twitting their morning
melodies in percussion. The cute butterflies dance around the flowers. The flowers
fragrance fills the breeze. The breeze gently blows everywhere and makes everything
pleasant.
gFjp - V (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 24)

midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpupthf tpilaspf;f. 3×8=24
43. m) r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fspy; nghw;wg;gl;l mw=;fspy; ck;ikf; ftu;e;j ,uz;L
mw=;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L/ mit eilKiw thH;tpy; bghUe;Jtij tpsf;Ff.
(my;yJ)
M) kyu;e;Jk; kyuhj ghjpkyu; nghy
tsUk; tpHp tz;znk ? te;J
tpoe;Jk; tpoahj fhiyg; bghGjhf
tpise;j fiy md;dnk
ejpapy; tpisaho bfhoapy; jiyrPtp
ele;j,se; bjd;wny ? tsu;
bghjpif kiynjhd;wp kJiuefu; fz;L
bghype;j jkpH; kd;wnk
?ftp+u; fz;zjhrdpd; ,g;ghlypy; jtGk; fhw;iwa[k; ftpij eaj;ija[k;
ghuhl;o ciu bra;f.
44. m) `fw;if ed;nw fw;if ed;nw
gpr;ir g[fpDk; fw;if ed;nw~ vd;fpwJ btw;wp ntw;if. nkupaplkpUe;J
gwpf;fg;gl;l g[j;jfk;/ mr;rpWkpapd; thH;f;ifapy; fy;tpr; Rliu Vw;wpa
fijiag; gw;wpa c=;fspd; fUj;Jfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
(my;yJ)
M) F. mHfpuprhkpapd; `xUtd; ,Uf;fpwhd;~ rpWfijapy; kdpjj;ij
btspg;gLj;Jk; fij khe;ju; Fwpj;J tptupj;J vGJf.
45. m) Fkupf; fly;Kidiaa[k; nt=;fl kiyKfl;ila[k; vy;iyahff; bfhz;l
bjd;dtu; jpUehl;ow;Fg; g[fH; njoj; je;j bgUik/ jifrhy; jkpHd;idiar;
rhUk;. vHpy;nru; fd;dpaha; jpfGk; mt;td;idf;F/ gps;isj;jkpH; ngrp/ rjfk;
rikj;J/ guzp gho/ fyk;gfk; fz;L/ cyh je;J/ me;jhjp Twp/ nfhit ahj;J
,tw;iwbay;yhk; mzpahfg; g{l;o/ mHfpidf; Tl;o mfk;kpf kfpH;e;jdu;
bre;ehg; g[ytu;fs;. ?,f;fUj;Jfisf; fUthff; bfhz;L `rhd;nwhu; tsu;j;j
jkpH;~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu xd;W vGJf.
(my;yJ)
M) Fwpg;g[fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fl;Liu xd;W jUf.
Kd;Diu ? tpz;btspapy; jkpHupd; mwpt[ ? fy;gdh rht;yh ? tpz;zpay;
mwptpy; tU=;fhyj;jpy; nkw;bfhs;s ntz;oait ? Kot[iu.
***
tpilfs; muR khjpup tpdhj;jhs; ? 2019?20 tpdhj;jhs; ? 1
gFjp ?I
1. <) thdj;ija[k; ngbuhypiaa[k;
2. m) bfhd;iw nte;jd; 9. m) tpidahyiza[k; bgau;
3. ,) mwpahtpdh/ Rl;Ltpil 10. <) fyitj;bjhlu;
4. M) giw 11. <) rUFk; rz;Lk;
5. ,) ,ilawhJ mwg;gzpr; bra;jiy 12. M) eg;g{jdhu;
6. M) bjhLjy;/ bjhLj;jy; 13. ,) Ky;iyg;ghl;L
7. ,) cUtfk; 14. <) mfd;w cyfk;
8. M) Fwp+;rp/ Ky;iy/ kUjk;/ bea;jy;/ 15. m) ghL,kpH;/ nfhLbfhz;L
ghiy ? cau;jpiz/ mBwpiz
gFjp ? II
16. m) ehl;L kf;fspd; mwpbthGf;fk; vjd; mog;gilapy; mika[k;>
M) fd;dpahFkup ve;j Mz;L jkpH;ehl;Lld; ,ize;jJ>
17. eLepiya[ld; flik jtwhky; ,uf;fk; fhl;LgtUf;F ,t;t[yfk; cupikahFk;.
18.  kuk; tsu;g;nghk;- khrw;w fhw;iwg; bgWnthk;--
kukpd;wp khrpy;yhf; fhw;wpy;iy-
19. rPtf rpe;jhkzp/ tisahgjp/ Fz;lynfrp.
20. xU bkhHpapy; czu;j;jg;gl;lij/ ntbwhU bkhHpapy; btspapLtJ
bkhHpbgau;g;g[.
21. gz;vd;dhk; ghlw; fpiagpd;nwy;" fz;vd;dhk;
fz;nzhl;lk; ,y;yhj fz;.
22. mz;zd; new;W tPl;ow;F te;jhd;. mz;zd; g[wg;gLk;nghJ mk;kh
tHpaDg;gpdhs;.
23. m) njhw;git/ njhw;ghit M) tpUJ/ tpUe;J
24. rpW bghe;Jf;Fs; ,Ue;J ghk;g[ rPWtijf; fz;nld;.
25. etPd ,yf;fpak;/ fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;.
26. bjhHpw;bgau; tpidahyiza[k; bgau;
tpid/ bgau;j; jd;ikahfp bjhHpiyr; bra;a[k; fUj;jhitf;
tpidiana czu;j;jp epw;Fk;. Fwpf;Fk;.
fhyk; fhl;lhJ. fhyk; fhl;Lk;.
glu;f;iff;nf cupaJ. @tplj;jpw;Fk; cupaJ.
v.fh. ghLjy;/ goj;jy;. v.fh. ghoats;/ goj;jtu;.
8   jkpH;
27.
nrudpd; gl;lg;bgau;fspy; `bfhy;yp btw;gd;~ `kiyakhd;~ nghd;wit
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit. `bfhy;ypkiyia~ btd;wtd; `bfhy;yp btw;gd;~ vdt[k;/ gpw
kiyg;gFjpfis btd;wtu;fs; `kiyakhd;~ vdt[k; bgau; Nl;of;bfhz;ldu;.
28. mwpnad; ? mwp + a; + M + Vd;
mwp ? gFjp/ a; ? cld;gLbka; re;jp/ M ? vjpu;kiw ,ilepiy g[zu;e;J bfl;lJ/
Vd; ? jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp.
gFjp ? III
29. braw;if Ez;zwpt[g; gad;ghL:
braw;if Ez;zwpthy; ,a=;Fk; nghf;Ftuj;J Cu;jpfs;.
rikay; bra;a[k; braw;if Ez;zwpt[ ve;jpuk;.
tpz;kPd;fisf; fzf;fpLk; braw;if Ez;zwpt[f; fUtp.
30. ju;f;fj;jpw;F mg;ghy;:
b$afhe;jdpd; `ju;f;fj;jpw;F mg;ghy;~ fijapy; gpr;ir vLf;Fk; fz;
bjupahjtUk;/ ju;kk; bra;gtuhf tUk; b$afhe;jDnk fij khe;ju;fs; Mtu;:
fhgp mUe;jpa b$afhe;jd; ,uapy; fl;lzj;jpw;F gd;dpbuz;ldhit
xJf;fptpl;L/ kPjkpUe;j ,uz;ldhitg; gpr;irf;fhuDf;Fj; ju;kk; bra;fpwhu;.
,uapy; epiyaj;jpy; ,uapy; fl;lzk; gjpd;@d;wdhthf tpiynaw/
gpr;irf;fhudpd; jl;oypypUe;J ju;kk; bra;jij vLf;fg;nghfpwhu; b$afhe;jd;.
b$afhe;jd; Xuzhitg; gpr;irf;fhudpd; jl;oy; nghl;Ltpl;L ,uz;ldh
vLf;Fk;nghJ gpr;irf;fhud; ``rhkp ,JjhD=;fsh ju;kk;> FUlid Vkhj;jhnj~~
vd;whd;.
@d;wzhitj; ju;kk; bra;Jtpl;L mLj;j ,uapy;epiyak; tiu b$afhe;jd;
elf;f/ mtu; Vw;fdnt bry;ytpUe;j ,uapy; tpgj;Jf;Fs;shdJ.
tpgj;jpypUe;J jg;gpf;ff; fhuzk;/ jhd; bra;j ju;kk;jhdh vd;W ju;f;fj;jpw;F
mg;ghw;gl;l rpe;jidia btspg;gLj;Jfpwhu; b$afhe;jd;.
31. m) Kd;gpd; mwpahj g[jpatu;fSf;nf tpUe;jpdu; vd;W bgau;.
M) `tpUe;nj g[Jik~ vd;W bjhy;fhg;gpau; md;nw Twpa[s;shu;.
,) tpUe;J
32. ,lk; Rl;og; bghUs; tpsf;fk;:
,lk; : `fz;zjhrdpd; fhyf;fzpjk;~ vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;sJ.
bghUs; : ek; thapypUe;J tUk; thu;j;ijfs; xUnghJk; ek; cliyf;
fhag;gLj;JtJ fpilahJ.
tpsf;fk; : `xUtu; jd; thahy; g[fH;tJk; ,fH;tJk; ek; clk;gpd; kPJ te;J
nruhJ~ vd;W ftp+u; fz;zjhrd; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
33. br=;fPiu Moa eak;:
jpUtoapy; mzpe;j rpW brk;bghd; fpz;fpzpfnshL rpyk;g[fSk; nru;e;J
Mod.
,ilapy; miu+hz; kzpnahL xsptPRfpd;w miutl=;fs; Mod.
gRk;bghd; vd xspUk; bjhe;jpa[ld; rpWtapW rupe;jhoaJ.
bew;wpapy; tps=;Ffpd;w bghl;Lld; tl;ltothd Rl;o gjpe;jhoaJ.
fk;gpfshy; cz;lhd Fz;ly=;fSk; fhjpd; FiHfSk; mire;jhod.
cr;rpf;bfhz;ila[k; mjpy; Rw;wpf; fl;lg;gl;Ls;s xspa[s;s Kj;JfnshL
MoaJ.
mHfpa gtsk; nghd;w jpUnkdpa[k; Ml/ br=;fPiu Modhu; itj;jpaehjg[upapy;
vGe;jUspa[s;s KUfd;.
34. kdg;ghlk;:
m) etkzp tlf;f apy;nghy; M) thshy; mWj;Jr; RoDk; kUj;Jtd; ghy;
ey;ywg; gliyg; g{l;Lk; khshj fhjy; nehahsd; nghy; khaj;jhy;
jtkzp khu;gd; brhd;d kPshj; Jau;jupDk; tpj;Jtf; nfhl;lk;kh- eP
jd;dpirf;F ,irfs; ghlj; Msh cdjUns ghu;g;gd; monand.
Jtkzp ku=;fs; njhWk; ? FynrfuhH;thu;
Jzu;mzpr; Ridfs; njhWk;
ctkzp fhdk;bfhy; vd;W
xypj;J mGt nghd;nw. ?tPukhKdptu;
35. bjhfhepiyj; bjhlu; tiffs;:
fz;nz fz;Qw=;F ? tpspj;bjhlu;
fhiyapy; ePbaGk;g[ ? Ie;jhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhfhepiyj; bjhlu;
khkiH bga;ifapny ? cupr;brhw;bwhlu;
khk;g[{nt fz;Qw=;F ? tpspj;bjhlu;
ghondd; jhyhl;L ? tpidKw;Wj; bjhlu;
Mo Mo Xa;e;Jw=;F ? mLf;Fj;bjhlu;
36. myfpLjy;.
rPu; mir tha;ghL
bghU'sy; epiu neu; g[spkh
yt'iug; epiu neu; g[spkh
bghU'sh'fr; epiu neu; neu; g[spkh=;fha;
bra;'a[k; neu; neu; njkh
bghU'sy;'y epiu neu; neu; g[spkh=;fha;
jpy;'iy neu; neu; njkh
bghUs; epiu kyu;
37. jd;ik mzp:
mzp ,yf;fzk;:
vt;tifg;gl;l bghUshf ,Ue;jhYk; ,aw;ifapy; mike;j mjd;
cz;ikahd ,ay;g[j; jd;ikapidf; nfl;gtu;fspd; kdk; kfpGkhW cupa
brhw;fis mikj;Jg; ghLtJ jd;ikazp MFk;.
10   jkpH;
v.fh:
`bka;apw; bghoa[k; tpupj;j fU=;FHYk;
ifapy; jdpr;rpyk;g[k; fz;zPUk; .........~
mzpg;bghUj;jk;:
fz;zfpapd; Jau; epiwe;j njhw;wj;jpid ,ay;ghf cupa brhw;fspd; @yk;
Twpaikahy; ,J jd;ikazp MFk;.
gFjp ? IV
38. m)
rpyg;gjpfhu kUt{u;g;ghf;f tzpf tPjpfs; Kjy; ,f;fhy tzpf tshfk;
m=;fhofs; fhyr;NHYf;F Vw;g tsk; bgw;Wf; fhzg;gLtij xg;gpl;L
mwpnthk;.
rpyg;gjpfhu kUt{u;g;ghf;f ,f;fhy tzpf tshf=;fs;/
tzpf tPjpfs; m=;fhofs;
eWkzg;bghUl;fs;/ tz;zf;FHk;g[/ eWkzg;bghUl;fs; nghd;wit
Rz;zg; bgho nghd;wtw;iw tPjpfspy; filfspy; kl;Lnk bgUk;ghYk;
tzpfk; bra;jdu;. tpw;fg;gLfpd;wd.
gl;L/ gUj;jp E}y;/ Ko ,d;iwf;F ifj;jwp Milfistpl
Mfpatw;wpidf; bfhz;L tpirj;jwp Milfns mjpfk;
E}w;Fk; ifj;bjhHpy; ty;Yeu;fshd tpw;fpd;wd. tPjpf;F tPjp gy etPd
berthsu;fis epuk;gf; bfhz;l Milaf=;fisf; fhzKofpd;wJ.
kUt{u;g;ghf;f tzpf tPjp.
Kj;Jk; kzpa[k; bghd;Dk; msf;f Fspql;lg;gl;l tzpf tshf=;fspy;
Koahj mstpw;F kUt{u;g;ghf;f gytpj my=;fhu=;fSld;
tPjpfspy; Ftpe;J fplf;fpd;wd. fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLtjpy; bts;sp/
bghd;/ itu eiffs; Kd; epw;fpd;wd.
vl;Ltifj; jhdpa=;fSk; Ftpe;J vy;yhtpjg; bghUl;fisa[k; xnu
fplf;Fk; Tyf;filj; bjUf;fSk; ,lj;jpy; th=;Fk; bghUl;L/
cs;sd. gy;bghUs; m=;fhofs; cs;sd.
gpl;L/ mg;gk; nghd;wit irtk;/ mirtk; nghd;wtw;wpw;nfw;g
kUt{u;g;ghf;f tzpf tPjpfspy; jdpahft[k;/ nru;e;Jk; cztf=;fs;
tpw;fg;gl;ld. cs;sd.
kPDk;/ gy tifahd ,iwr;rpfSk; kPd; re;ij/ nfhHp kw;Wk; ,why;
tpw;fg;gl;ld. gz;izfs;/ Ml;L ,iwr;rp filfs;
Mfpait Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit.
kUt{u;g;ghf;f tPjpfspy; bghw;bfhy;yu;/ ,d;iwa tzpf tshf=;fspy;
,uj;jpd ntiy bra;gtu;/ ijaw;fhuu;/ gy tifahd etPd rhjd=;fis
jr;ru;/ njhy;bghUs; bra;gtu;/ tpw;gtu;fs; kw;Wk; gGJ ePf;Fgtu;fs;/
bghk;ikfs; bra;gtu; vdg; gyUk; Kftu;fs; nghd;nwhu; cs;sdu;.
,Ue;jdu;.
kUt{u; tzpf tPjpfs; midj;J tifahd bghUl;fSk;

bgUk;ghzu;fspd; thH;tplkhft[k;/ fpilg;gjw;F Vw;wjhf ,d;iwa
rpWrpW ifj;bjhHpy;fSf;F Vw;w tzpf tshf=;fSk;/ m=;fhofSk;
,lkhft[k; jpfH;e;jd. jpfH;fpd;wd.
M) Mw;Wg;gLj;jy; jkpH; kf;fspd; gz;ghlhf ,Ue;jJ. mJ ,d;iwa fhyj;jpy; xU
tHpfhl;Ljyhf mikfpwJ vd;gij ,f;fl;Liu tpsf;FfpwJ.
murpd; eyj;jpl;l=;fis kf;fs; bgw tHpfhl;Ljy;:
kf;fspd; thH;t[f;F tsk; nru;f;Fk; tifapy; muR gy;ntW eyj;jpl;l=;fis
mwpKfg;gLj;jp cupatu;fSf;Fj; jFe;j neuj;jpy; fpilf;Fk; tifapy; Clf=;fs;
kw;Wk; muRg; gzpahsu;fs; thapyhf cupa tHpfhl;Ljiy bjhlu;e;J tH=;fp
tUfpwJ.
nguplu; fhyj;jpy; tHpfhl;Ljy;:
bgUk; ,lu;fspypUe;J kf;fs; j=;fisj; jw;fhj;Jf; bfhs;st[k;/ kPz;L tut[k;
tHpfhl;Ljiyg; nguplu; nkyhz;ik mikg;g[r; bra;J tUfpwJ. epyeLf;fk;/
g[ay;/ bts;sk;/ Rdhkp/ bfhs;is neha;fs; nghd;w nguplu; fhy=;fspy; muRld;
,ize;J gy;ntW jd;dhu;t mikg;g[fSk; ,ize;J tHpfhl;LtJld; gw;gy
cjtpfisa[k; bra;fpd;wd.
fy;tp kw;Wk; ntiytha;g;g[f;fhd mikg;g[fspd; tHpfhl;Ljy;:
gs;sp khztu;fs; Kjy; gl;l nkw;gog;g[ khztu;fs; tiu nkw;bfhz;L vd;d
gof;fyhk;> fy;tp cjtpj;bjhifapid vt;thW bgwyhk; vd;gij muR kw;Wk;
jdpahu; mikg;g[fspd; tHpfhl;Ljy; @yk; mwpayhk;.
nghl;oj; nju;t[fSf;fhd tHpfhl;Ljy;:
gy;ntW nghl;oj; nju;t[fis vjpu;bfhs;tjw;Fj; jd;dhu;t epWtd=;fs;
Kd;te;J tHpfhl;Lfpd;wd
fy;tprhu; jpwd; tHpfhl;Ljy;:
,d;iwa cyfj;jpy; fy;tp xd;W jhd; Kf;fpak; vd;gija[k; jhz;o
fiy/ ,yf;fpak;/ tpisahl;L cs;spl;l gy;Jiw rhu;e;Jk; jd;id tsu;j;Jf;
bfhs;tjw;fhd tha;g;gpid cupa jpwdhspfSf;F tH=;Ftjpy; Clf=;fs; kw;Wk;
gapw;rp epWtd=;fs; tHpfhl;o Kd; epw;fpd;wd.
39. m) g[jpa kpd;tpsf;Ffisg; bghUj;Jk;go kpd;thupa mYtyUf;Ff; fojk;
mDg;g[eu;
k. mfpyd;/
fhe;jpefu;/
kJiu ? 2.
bgWeu;
cau;jpU bghwpahsu; mtu;fs;/
kpd;thupa mYtyfk;/
brd;id ? 1.
12   jkpH;
Iah/
bghUs;: g[jpa kpd;tpsf;F bghUj;Jjy; ntz;Ljy; bjhlu;ghf.
tzf;fk;.
v=;fs; bjUtpy; fle;j gj;J ehl;fshf kpd; tpsf;Ffs; gGjile;Js;sd.
,jdhy; rhiyapy; bry;nthUf;F mof;fo tpgj;Jfs; neupLfpd;wd. rpy r@f
tpnuhjpfSk; ,r;NHiyg; gad;gLj;jp/ jpUl;Lr; rk;gt=;fspy; <LgLfpd;wdu;.
nkYk; tajhdtu;fs;/ ,utpy; btspa{u; brd;W tUgtu;fSf;F kpft[k; Jd;gkhf
,Uf;fpwJ. Mjyhy; jat[bra;J kpd;fk;g=;fisr; rupbra;J g[jpa kpd;tpsf;F
bghUj;jpj; jUkhW kpfj;jhH;ika[ld; nfl;Lf;bfhs;fpnwhk;.
ed;wp.
,g;gof;F/
j=;fs; cz;ika[s;s/
k. mfpyd;.
ciwnky; Kftup:
bgWeu;
cau;jpU bghwpahsu; mtu;fs;/
kpd;thupa mYtyfk;/
kJuthapy;/
brd;id ? 1.
M) ``kuk; ,aw;ifapd; tuk;~~ ? fl;Liug; nghl;o btw;wp ? njhHDf;Ff; fojk;.
j+;rht{u;/
26.08.2022.
md;g[s;s ez;gDf;F ftpd; vGJtJ/
eyk;. eykwpa Mty;.
khepy mstpy; eilbgw;w ``kuk; ,aw;ifapd; tuk;~~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpyhd
fl;Liug; nghl;oapy; btw;wp bgw;W Kjy; gupR bgw;Ws;sha; vd;gijj;
bjhiyf;fhl;rp bra;jpfs; thapyhf mwpe;njd;. ,d;iwa fhyj;jpw;F kpfj;
njitahd xU jiyg;gpy; bgUbtw;wpiag; bgw;Ws;sha;.
ku=;fspd;wp kdpju;fs; thH ,ayhJ. kiH tsj;jpw;F ku=;fns
Mjhuk;. ,k;kz;zpd;kPJ bfhz;Ls;s gw;wpid cd;Dila fl;Liuapy;
fhl;oapUg;gjdhy;jhd; khepy mstpy; btd;wpUf;fpwha; vd vz;Qfpnwd;.
cd; ez;gdhf bgUkpjkila[k; ehd;/ eP bkd;nkYk; gw;gy nghl;ofspy;
fye;Jbfhz;L btw;wpthif Nl thH;j;Jfpnwd;.
,ja md;g[ld;/
kh. ftpd;.
ciwnky; Kftup:
bgWeu;
g. ,skhwd;/
10/ fhe;jp efu;/
nryk; ? 14.
40. glk; czu;j;Jk; fUj;Jfs;:
njo tUnthupd; njit mwpe;J cjt[k; ts;sy;fs;
eho tUnthUf;F ed;ik ghuhl;Lk; ed;kd;du;
gho ghuhl;Lk; ghtyiug; nghw;Wk; ghnte;ju;
,ug;gtUf;F ,y;iy vdf; Twh ey;ypjaj;jpdu;
KfKk; mfKk; kyu;e;J bfhLj;nj rpwf;Fk; bfhilahsu;.
41. jl;lr;ru; gzp tha;g;g[ ntz;oj; jd;tptug; gl;oaiy epug;g[jy;.
1. bgau; : f. eFy;
2. ghypdk; : Mz;
3. gpwe;j ehs; kw;Wk; taJ : 01.04.2000/ 22
4. njrpa ,dk; : ,e;jpad;
5. bgw;nwhu;'ghJfhtyu; bgau; : fh. fjputd;
6. tPl;L Kftup : 15/ ,s=;nfh efu;/ kJiu?4
7. bjhiyngrp'miyngrp vz; : 9998887766
8. gj;jhk; tFg;gpy; bgw;w kjpg;bgz;fs; : 454
9. jha;bkhHp : jkpH;
10. gapd;w bkhHpfs; : jkpH;/ M=;fpyk;
11. jl;lr;R : cau;epiy
12. fzpdp : PGDCA
nkw;fz;l tpgu=;fs; midj;Jk; cz;ikbad cWjpTWfpnwd;. j=;fs;
epWtdj;jpy; jl;lr;ru; gzpapidj; je;jhy; vd; gzpiar; rpwg;ghft[k;
cz;ikahft[k; bra;ntd; vd cWjpaspf;fpnwd;.
,lk; : kJiu ,g;gof;F/
ehs;; : 26.08.2022 j=;fs; cz;ika[s;s/
f. eFy;.
42. m) jkpHf ghuk;gupa fiyfisg; ghJfhf;f/ tsu;f;fr; bra;a ntz;oad:
1. jpUkz tpHhf;fspy; bgha;f;fhy; Ml;lj;ij elj;Jntd;.
2. tpisahl;L tpHhf;fspy; g[ypahl;lk; elj;j Vw;ghL bra;ntd;.
3. nfhtpy; jpUtpHhf;fspy; fufhl;lk;/ fhtoahl;lk; Kjypa fiyepfH;r;rpfis
elj;j Vw;ghL bra;ntd;.
4. tpLKiw fhy=;fspy; bjUf;Tj;J epfH;j;Jtjw;F Vw;ghL bra;ntd;.
5. tptrhak;/ ,aw;if czt[ rhu;e;j tpHpg;g[zu;t[ epfH;fiyfs; Vw;ghL
bra;ntd;.
14   jkpH;
M) bkhHpbgau;j;jy;: ,aw;if
bghd;dhd Nupad; jpdKk; fhiyapy; vGe;J mjd; xspf;fjpu;fis
tPrp ,Uis kiwar; bra;a[k;. ghy; nghd;w nkf=;fs; Rw;w Muk;gpj;JtpLk;.
tz;zg; gwitfs; ,jkhd NH;epiyiaj; jd; ,wFfis mog;gjd;
@yk; cUthf;Fk;. mHfhd tz;zj;Jg; g{r;rp kyu;fisr; Rw;wp MLk;. g{f;fspd;
eWkzk; fhw;iw epug;g[k;. me;jf; fhw;W midj;J ,l=;fspYk; gutp xU
uk;kpakhd NH;epiyia cUthf;Fk;.
gFjp ?V
43. m) r=;f ,yf;fpag; ghlyofs; fPH;f;fhQk; Ie;jpd; mog;gilapy; mwr;bra;jpfis

typa[Wj;JfpwJ.
tWik/ epiyahd bry;tk;/ neupa Ml;rp/ tha;ik/ <if.
`,k;ikr; bra;jJ kWikf;F Mk; vDk;
mwtpiy tzpfd; Mma; my;yd;.....~ ? g[wehD}W
,g;gpwg;gpy; mwk; bra;jhy;/ mjd; gaid kWgpwg;gpy; bgwyhk; vd;w tzpf
nehf;fk; TlhJ. nehf;fk; ,d;wp mwk; bra;tnj nkd;ik.
`mwbewp Kjw;nw murpd; bfhw;wk;
mwd;bewp gpiHahj; jpwdwp kd;du;~
kd;dUila br=;nfhYk; btz; bfhw;wf; Fila[k; mwj;jpd; FwpaPLfshfg;
nghw;wg;gl;ld. murpd; br=;nfhy; nghd;W neupa Ml;;rpia nkw;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
`bry;tj;Jg; gand <jy;~ ? g[wehD}W
tPuj;ijg; nghynt <ifiaa[k; jkpH; E}y; nghw;wpaJ. <ifa[k; Xu; mwr;brany.
bry;tj;jpd; gad; bfhLj;J kfpH;tnj vd;W thH;e;jdu;.
`rhd;nwhu; bry;tk; vd;gJ nru;e;njhu;
g[d;fz; m+;Rk; gz;gpd;
bkd;fz; bry;tk; bry;tk; vd;gJnt~ ? ew;wpiz
gpwu; Jd;gj;ijj; jd; Jd;gkhff; fUjp cjt[jny gz;g[. gpwu; Jd;gk; jPu;g;gnj
cz;ikahd bry;tk; MFk;.
`gpiHah ed;bkhHp~ ? ew;wpiz
bka; ngRtJ ed;bkhHpahFk;. tha;ik vdg;gLtJ jtwpa[k; bgha;
ngrhjpUj;jy;. epyk; bgau;e;jhYk; bgha; brhy;yf;TlhJ.
M) fhw;iwg; nghw;Wk; fz;zjhrd;:
,se;bjd;wyhdJ ejpfspy; tpisaho brobfhofspy; jiyrPtp ele;J
tUtjhff; fhw;wpd; mHiff; fz;zjhrd; vLj;jpak;g[fpwhu;.
ftpij eak;:
ghrkyu; vd;Dk; jpiug;glj;jpy; ,lk;bgw;w ,g;ghly; kpFe;j ,yf;fpa
ea=;fSld; mike;Js;sik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
nkhid eak;:
bra;a[spy; Kjy; vGj;J xd;wp tUtJ `nkhid~ MFk;.
rhd;W: kyu;e;Jk; ? kyuhj" tpoe;Jk; ? tpise;j" ejpapy; ? ele;j
vJif eak;:
bra;a[spy; ,uz;lhk; vGj;J xd;wp tUtJ `vJif~ MFk;.
rhd;W: kyu;e;Jk; ? kyuhj" tpoe;Jk; ? tpoahj" ejpapy; ? bghjpif
Kuz; eak;:
vjpu;r;brhw;fshy; miktJ `Kuz;` eak; MFk;.
rhd;W: kyu;e;Jk; × kyuhj" tpoe;Jk; × tpoahj
,iag[ eak;:
bra;a[spy; ,Wjp vGj;njh rPnuh xd;whf tUtJ `,iag[~ MFk;/
rhd;W: tz;znk ? md;dnk ? kd;wnk
mzp eak;:
,g;ghlypy; ctikazp kw;Wk; gpw mzpfSk; gapd;W te;Js;sd. `kyu;e;Jk;
kyuhj ghjpkyu; nghy` vd;Dk; ghly; tupfs; ctikazpf;Fr; rhd;whfpwJ.
bghUs; eak;:
ejpapy; Fspj;J tpisahLk; bjd;wy;/ mLj;Jj; jd;Dila jiyiar;
rPtpf;bfhs;tjhf kpFe;j bghUs;eaj;Jld; mHfha;j; jd; ftpj;jpwid
btspg;gLj;jpa[s;shu; fz;zjhrd;.
44. m) nkupapd; thH;ifapy; fy;tpr; Rliu Vw;wpa fijapd; fUj;Jfs;:
Kd;Diu:
xLf;fg;gl;l r@fj;jpy; kWf;fg;gl;l r@fj;jpw;F Fuyhf ,Ue;jtu; nkup
bkf;ypnahl; bgj;a{d;. mtupd; thH;f;ifia fkyhad;/ ``cdf;Fg; gof;fj;
bjupahJ~~ vd;w jiyg;gpy; vGjpa[s;sijf; fhz;nghk;.
ciHf;Fk; tu;f;fj;jpdu;:
mjpfhiy 5 kzpf;F vGe;J gfy; KGtJk; ghLgl;L xU epkplj;ijf; Tl
tPzhf;fptplf;TlhJ vd;W ciHj;jpLk; FLk;gk; nkupapDilaJ. nkup/ jd;
jha; je;ij rhk;/ ghl;!p/ ghl;o ,tu;fnshL thGk; tWik tha;e;j ciHf;Fk;
FLk;gj;jpdu;.
cd;dhy; gof;f KoahJ:
Jitj;Jj; nja;j;j Jzpfs; epuk;gpa fdj;j Tiliaj; jiyapy; J}f;fpa jd;
jha[ld; nkup bts;isf;fhu Kjyhsp tPl;ow;Fr; brd;whs;. m=;F bts;isf;fhur;
rpWkp nkupia tpisahl miHf;f mts; ja=;fp m=;fpUe;j g[j;jfj;ij vLj;jhs;.
clnd bts;isf;fhur; rpWkp g[j;jfj;ij gpL=;fp cd;dhy; gof;f KoahJ
vd;fpwhs;. kdk; Jtz;l nkup m=;fpUe;J fpsk;gp eilgpzkhdhs;.
16   jkpH;
nkupapd; fy;tpj;jhfk;:
jd;dplk; gwpf;fg;gl;l g[j;jfj;ijg; epidj;J jhd; vg;goahtJ gof;f
ntz;Lk; vd;W nkup tpUk;gpdhs;. jd; fdita[k; Miriaa[k; bgw;nwhuplk;
mts; gfpu;e;J bfhz;lhs;. Mdhy; gjpnyJk; mtSf;Ff; fpilf;fg; bgwtpy;iy.
kp!; tpy;!dpd; cjtp:
nkupapd; Mu;tj;ijf; fz;l kp!; tpy;!d; nkupf;F cjtpf;fuk; ePl;odhu;.
``cd;idg; nghd;w FHe;ijfs; goj;jhf ntz;Lk;. eP nkhba!;tpy;ypf;F tu
ntz;Lk;~~ vd;W miHg;g[ tpLj;j kp!; tpy;!dpd; thu;j;ijfSf;Fg; gjpy; brhy;y
Koahky; thailj;J epd;whs;.
fdt[ bka;g;gl;lJ:
kdkfpH;e;j nkup jd;dhy; ,dp iggpis thrpj;Jtpl Koa[k; vd;W vz;zpdhs;.
nkupapd; je;ij rpnyl;Lk;/ gyg;gKk; th=;fpj; je;jhu;. g[jpJ g[jpjhff; fw;f
Muk;gpj;jhs;. mf;fk; gf;fj;jtupd; rk;gs fzf;ifr; rupghu;f;Fk; Kf;fpa eguhfnt
khwpdhs; nkup. rpy Mz;Lfs; fy;tpf;Fg; gpwF gl;lkspg;g[ tpHh ele;jJ. mjpy;
bts;isj;jhs; RUs;fspy; ``,e;jg; gl;lk; bgWk; khztu; vGjt[k; gof;ft[k;
Toatu;~~ vd;W vGjg;gl;oUe;jijf; fz;L bgUkfpH;r;rpaile;jhs;.
nkupapd; nkw;gog;g[:
nky;gog;gpidg; gof;f tpUk;gpa nkupf;F xU bts;isf;fhug;
bgz;kzpaplkpUe;J cjtp fpilj;jJ. Cnu To epd;W efuj;jpw;Fg; gof;fr;
bry;Yk; nkupia thH;;j;jp tHp mDg;gpaJ.
Kot[iu:
mtkhd=;fis mDrupj;J/ mlf;fj;jhYk;/ gpwu; cjtpahYk; btd;W jhk;
thH;e;j ,Ul; r@fj;jpy; xw;iwr; Rluha;j; njhd;wp Xuhapuk; Rliu Vw;wpdhs; nkup.
M) kdpj neak; bfhz;l fijkhe;ju; ? tPug;gd;
Kd;Diu:
F. mHfpuprhkpapd; `xUtd; ,Uf;fpwhd;` rpWfijapy; kdpjj;ij
btspg;gLj;Jk; fij khe;ju; tPug;gd;. mtu; jhd; tWikg;gl;l nghJk; jd;
md;iga[k; mUisa[k; bfhz;L el;igg; nghw;wpdhu;.
md;ghsu;:
tPug;gd; fh+;rpg[uj;jpy; tpwFfilapy; ntiy bra;J te;jhu;. mtu; ViHahf
,Ue;jhYk; ez;gd; Fg;g[rhkp kPJ kpFe;j md;g[ itj;jpUe;jhu;. mdhijahd
Fg;g[rhkpf;F mtd; cwtpdu;fSk; cjt Kd;tutpy;iy. Mdhy; jd;Dila
tWikiaa[k; bghUl;gLj;jhky; tPug;gd;/ Fg;g[rhkpa[ld; kdpj neaj;Jld;
,Uf;fpd;whu;.
bfhilahsu;:
Fg;g[rhkp neha;tha;g;gl;L ntiy ,He;jnghJ tPug;gd; mtiu jd;
tPl;ow;F miHj;J te;J czt[ bfhLg;ghu;. nkYk;/ jhd; fld; th=;fp mjidf;
Fg;g[rhkpf;Ff; bfhLg;ghu;. brd;idf;Fr; bry;Yk; MWKfj;jplk; fojk; xd;iwa[k;
@d;W qghiaa[k; Fg;g[rhkpaplk; bfhLj;J mDg;gpdhu; tPug;gd;.
gz;ghsu;:
tPug;gd; Fg;g[rhkp Fzkila ehs;njhWk; nfhapYf;Fr; brd;W ntz;Lfpwhu;.
mtUf;F ntiy ,y;yhjnghJk; ez;gd; Fg;g[rhkpf;Ff; bfhLf;f xUtuplk; @d;W
qgha; fld; th=;fp brd;idf;Fr; bry;Yk; MWKfj;jplk; bfhLj;J mDg;g[fpwhu;.
Fg;g[rhkpiag; ghu;f;fg; nghfyhk; vd;why;/ ,e;j @d;W qgha; ngUe;Jf;F
brythfptpLk; vd;gjhy;jhd; bfhLj;jDg;g[fpnwd;. ,d;bdhU ,lj;jpYk; gzk;
nfl;oUg;gjhft[k; fpilj;jt[ld; Fg;g[rhkpiag; ghu;f;f tpiuthf tUtjhft[k;
tPug;gd; bjuptpj;jhu;.
Kot[iu:
VH;ikapYk; el;igg; ghuhl;o cjt[k; tPug;gd;/ kdpj neaj;jpd; khkFlkhfj;
jpfH;fpd;whu;. `xUtd; ,Uf;fpwhd;~ vd;w rpWfij/ kdpj neaj;jpw;Fr; rhd;whf
tPug;gd; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;gij czu;j;Jfpd;wJ.
45. m) jiyg;g[: rhd;nwhu; tsu;j;j jkpH;
Kd;Diu:
``brhy;ypy; cau;t[ jkpH;r;brhy;ny ?mijj;
bjhGJ goj;jplo ghg;gh~~ ?ghujpahu;
cyfpy; kdpj ,dk; vd;W njhd;wpanjh/ md;nw jkpH; bkhHpa[k; njhd;wpaJ.
md;W Kjy; ,d;W tiu jkpH;bkhHp ,sikahfnt ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ. xt;bthU
fhyf;fl;lj;jpYk; thH;e;j rhd;nwhu;fshy; jkpH; rpwg;g[w;W epw;fpd;wJ.
r=;fj;jkpH;:
`jkpH;~ vd;w brhy; bjhy;fhg;gpag; ghapuj;jpy; ,lk;bgWfpd;wJ. fpgp. 2
Mk; E}w;whz;ow;F Kd; njhd;wpa ,yf;fpa=;fs; r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fs; MFk;.
mitna r=;fj;jkpH; jUk; fs+;rpak; MFk;. fgpyu;/ guzu;/ xsitahu;/ ef;fPuu;/
ey;ye;Jtdhu; Kjypa vz;zw;w jkpH;r; rhd;nwhu;fshy; ghl;Lk; bjhifa[k;
cUthf;fg;gl;L/ r=;fj;jkpH; tsu;f;fg;gl;lJ.
mwj;jkpH;:
r=;ffhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd; njhd;wpa fhyj;jpy; bgha;a[k; Fw;wKk; njhd;w
Muk;gpj;jJ. mjidg; nghf;f jpUts;Stu;/ rkz Kdptu;fs;/ tpsk;gpehfdhu;/
fgpyu;/ fzpnkjhtpahu; Mfpa gy rhd;nwhu; bgUkf;fs; mwE}y;fisg; gilj;J/
mwj;jkpiH tsu;j;jdu;.
fhg;gpaj;jkpH;:
Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpa=;fSk;/ I+;rpWfhg;gpa=;fSk; fhg;gpaj; jkpiH tsu;j;jd.
,s=;nfhtofs;/ rPj;jiyr;rhj;jdhu;/ jpUj;jf;fj;njtu; Mfpa rhd;nwhu;fs;
fhg;gpaj; jkpiHj; jiHf;fr; bra;jdu;.
rpw;wpyf;fpak;:
(guzp/ rjfk;/ gps;isj;jkpH;)
rpw;wpyf;fpa=;fs; 96 tifg;gLk;. xUtiuf; FHe;ijahfg; ghtpj;J/ 10
gUt=;fspy; tsu;r;rp epiyiag; ghLtJ gps;isj;jkpH; MFk;. xl;lf;Tj;ju;/
18   jkpH;
FkuFUguu; Mfpnahu; gps;isj;jkpH; gho tsu;j;jdu;. rjfk; (100) ghly;fisf;
bfhz;lJ rjfk;. Mj;kehj njrpfu;/ fhu;nkff; ftp+u; Mfpnahu; rjfk; ghodu;.
xl;lf;Tj;ju;/ bra=;bfhz;lhu; guzp ,yf;fpaj;ij tsu;j;jdu;.
rkaj;jkpH;:
irtk;/ itztk;/ fpwpj;Jtk;/ ,!;yhk;/ rkzk;/ bgsj;jk; Mfpa rka=;fSk;
jkpH; tsu;f;Fk; gzpapy; <Lgl;L rkaj;jkpiH tsu;j;jdu;. jpUeht[f;furu;/
tPukhKdptu;/ ckWg;g[ytu; Mfpnahu; rkaj;jkpiH tsu;j;jdu;. ,jw;Fg; gd;dpU
jpUKiwfs;/ ehyhapuj;jpt;tpag; gpuge;jk;/ rPwhg;g[uhzk;/ njk;ghtzp nghd;wit
rhd;whf tps=;Ffpd;wd.
Kot[iu:
fhye;njhWk; jkpH;/ jd;id tsu;g;gtu;fshy; jd;idg; g[Jg;gpj;Jf;
bfhz;L tsu;e;Jk; rpwe;Jk; tUfpd;wJ vd;gij ,yf;fpa tuyhWfs; ekf;F
czu;j;Jfpd;wd.
``jkpGauj; jkpHd; cau;thd;
jkpHauj; jkpHd; mau;thd;~~ ?ghthzu;
M) jiyg;g[: tpz;btsp Ma;t[k; ,e;jpaht[k;
Kd;Diu:
`èpyitg; ghu;j;Jr; nrhWz;l fhyj;jpnyna
epyhtpy; nrhWz;z fdh fhz;fpnwhk;~~ vd;Dk; ftpijaofs; xt;bthU
kdpjDf;Fs;Sk; ,Uf;Fk; tpz;btsp gw;wpa tpUg;gj;jpid btspg;gLj;Jtjhf
mikfpwJ.
tpz;btspapy; jkpHupd; mwpt[:
r=;f fhyj; jkpHu; tpz;zpd; nfhs;fisa[k; fhw;W kz;lyj;ija[k; mtw;wpd;
,af;f=;fisa[k;/ fhy mst[fisa[k; mstpl;lwpa[k; thdpay; mwptpaiy mwpe;J
itj;jpUe;jdu; vd;gjw;F ek; jkpH; ,yf;fpa=;fns rhd;whFk;. tpz;izf; fle;J/
mz;l=;fs; EiHe;J/ mwpthuha;r;rp tuyhw;iw Mtzg;gLj;jp itj;jdu;.
cyfk; cUz;il vd;gij nkw;Fyfk; fz;lwpe;J Twpanj 16 Mk; E}
w;whz;oy;jhd;. Mdhy;/ ,jw;F gyE}W Mz;LfSf;F Kd;g[ thH;e;j jkpHu;/
j=;fs; Kd;ndhu; tHpahf `cyfk; cUz;il~ vd;Dk; cz;ikiag; gutyhfj;
bjupe;J itj;jpUe;jdu; vd;gjw;Fj; jpUthrfnk (jpUtz;lg; gFjp) rhd;whfj;
jpfH;fpwJ.
``mz;lg; gFjpapd; cz;ilg; gpwf;fk;......~~ vd;Dk; ghly; thdpay; vd;Dk;
mog;gil mwptpay; Fwpj;j bra;jpfisf; TWfpwJ.
tpkhdpahy; brYj;jg;glhj thD}u;jpiag; gHe;jkpHu; tpz;zpy; brYj;jp
,Uf;fyhk; vd;gij/ `tytd; Vth thD}u;jp~ vd;W g[wehD}W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
fy;gdh rht;yh:
fy;gdh rht;yh mupahdh khepyk; fu;dypy; 1916 ,y; gpwe;jhu;. g+;rhgpf;
FLk;gj;ijr; rhu;e;jtu;. fy;gdh vd;why; fw;gid vd;w bghUs;. jhTu; muRg;
gs;spapy; fy;gdh rht;yh Muk;gf; fy;tpiaj; bjhl=;fpdhu;. g+;rhg; bghwpapay;
fy;Yhupapy; gl;lk; bgw;whu;. tpz;btspg; gog;ig mbkupf;fhtpy; Koj;jhu;.
fy;gdh rht;yh 1995 ,y; ehrhtpy; ,ize;jhu;. 1997 ,y; tpz;btspg;gazk;
bra;jhu;. 372 kzpneuk; thdj;jpnyna ,Ue;J rhjid g[upe;jhu;. 2003 rdtupapy;
bfhyk;gpah tpz;fyj;jpy; tpz;btsp brd;whu; fy;gdh rht;yh. tpz;btsp
Ma;it Koj;Jj; jpUk;g[k;nghJ tpz;btsp Xlk; btoj;J fy;gdh rht;yh
tpz;zpy; fye;jhu;.
tpz;zpay; mwptpay; tU=;fhyj;jpy; nkw;bfhs;s ntz;oait:
,d;iwa mwptpaypd; Jupj tsu;r;rp/ ehis vt;thbwy;yhk; mika Koa[k;
vd;gijf; ftpg;nguuR ituKj;J/
``tpahHid Kl;oj; Jisj;j
thy;el;rj;jpuj;jhy; m=;nf jz;zPUk;
capu;fSk; cw;gj;jpahfyhk;.....
vd;nwDk; xUehs; ? ,e;jg;g{kp
vd;Dk; fpufk; ,obfhz;l Kl;ilaha;r;
rpjWz;L nghf/ ,=;fpUe;J jg;gpf;f
trjpbfhz;l kdpju;fs; tpahHd; fpufj;jpy;
tPL th=;fyhk;.....
,Jtiuf;Fk; g{kpf;F btapy;je;j
giHa Nupaidg; g[we;js;sptpl;L/
,d;bdhU Nupaf; FLk;gj;Jf;F
$Ptuhrpfs; ,lk; bgauyhk;.....~~ vd;gjpypUe;J tpz;zpy; Ma;tpy;
nkw;bfhs;s ntz;oa gzpfs; Fwpj;J mwpaKofpwJ. thdj;jpypUe;J tpGfpd;w
tpz;fw;fshy; g{kpf;F vt;tpjg; ghjpg;g[k; Vw;glhkypUf;f Ma;t[fis Kd;bdLf;f
ntz;oa[s;sJ.
Kot[iu:
`jkpHd; vd;W brhy;ylh
jiy epkpu;e;J epy;ylh~
ek;ehl;ow;Fj; njitahd braw;iff;nfhis tpz;zpy; mDg;gp ek;
njitfis epiwt[ bra;tnj ek; Kjw;gzpahff; bfhs;sntz;Lk;. mwptpay;
je;j jkpHu; kugpy; gpwe;j ehk; mwptpay; jkpiH tsu;g;nghk;. tpz;btspj;Jiwapy;
g[jpa rhjidfs; g[upnthk;.
***
20   jkpH;
tpdhj;jhs;
PTA khjpup tpdhj;jhs; ? 1
tFg;g[: X jkpH; 2

1. ``kUe;nj MapDk; tpUe;bjhL cz;~~ vd;Dk; mofs; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s E}y; .............
m) FWe;bjhif M) bfhd;iwnte;jd;
,) jpUf;Fws; <) ew;wpiz
2. `kyu;fs; jiuapy; eGt[k;~ vg;nghJ>
m) ms;sp Kfu;e;jhy; M) jsug; gpizj;jhy;
,) ,Wf;fp Kor;rpl;lhy; <) fhk;g[ Kwpe;jhy;
3. `fhyk; fue;j bgabur;rk;~ vd;gJ .............
m) tpidj;bjhif M) ck;ikj;bjhif
,) gz;g[j;bjhif <) md;bkhHpj;bjhif
4. vs;spypUe;J vz;bza; vLj;jypd; kp+;Rtijf; Fwpf;Fk; rupahd brhy; .............
m) vs; frL M) gpz;zhf;F ,) Mkzf;F <) vs;fl;o
5. bjhHpiyr; bra;a[k; fUj;jhitf; Fwpg;gJ
m) bjhHpw;bgau; M) Kjdpiy jpupe;j bjhHpw;bgau;
,) Kjdpiyj; bjhHpw;bgau; <) tpidahyiza[k; bgau;
6. `khytd; Fd;wk; nghdhbyd;d> ntytd; Fd;wkhtJ v=;fSf;F ntz;Lk;~ ?
khytd; Fd;wKk; ntytd; Fd;wKk; Fwpg;git Kiwna ?
m) jpUj;jzpa[k; jpUg;gjpa[k; M) jpUg;gu=;Fd;wKk; gHdpa[k;
,) jpUg;gjpa[k; jpUj;jzpa[k; <) jpUg;gjpa[k; jpUr;bre;J}Uk;
7. bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s midj;Jr; brhw;fSk; mike;j bghUj;jkhd bjhliuj;
nju;f. (kiy/ kiH/ nkfk;/ MW/ Vup/ Fsk;)
m) kiy kPJ kiH bga;J Mw;W bts;sk; Cupd; tHpna bgUf;bfLj;J XoaJ.
M) fUj;j nkfk; kiykPJ kiHiag; bghHpa MW/ Vup/ Fsk; midj;Jk; ePuhy;
epuk;gpd.
,) jpuz;l nkf=;fs; kiyapy; khupahfp MW/ Vup/ Fs=;fspy; epiwe;jd.
<) kiykPJ kiHbghHpa Vup Fs=;fs; epiwe;J gpd; flypy; brd;W fye;jJ.
8. fUizad; vd;gtu; .............
m) tPukhKdptu; M) nahnrg;g[
,) mUsg;gd; <) rhe;jhrhfpg;
9. `va;Jtu; va;jhg; gHp~ ? ,f;Fwsof;Fg; bghUe;Jk; tha;ghL vJ>
m) Ttpsk; njkh kyu; M) Ttpsk; g[spkh ehs;
,) njkh g[spkh fhR <) g[spkh njkh gpwg;g[
10. !;nll; t=;fpapd; ciuahL bkd;bghUs; vJ>
m) Fyh M) ,yh ,) rPyh <) Jyh
11. nrhiyapy; g{j;j kzkyu;fspy; RUk;g[fs; bkha;j;Jg; gz;gho kJt[z;ld.
,j;bjhlupy; mof;nfhol;l brhw;fSf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd ntW brhw;fis vGJf.
m) g{+;nrhiy?mUk;g[fs; M) kiy?vWk;g[fs;?njd;
,) g{+;nrhiyapy;?tz;Lfs;?njd; <) fhdfk;?tz;Lfs;?ePu;
ghliyg; goj;J gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F (12/ 13/ 14/ 15) tpil jUf.
`ède;jiy cyfk; tis, nekpbahL
tyk;g[up bghwpj;j khjh=;F jlf;if
ePu;bry/ epkpu;e;j khmy; nghy/
ghL,kpH; gdpf;fly; gUfp/ tyd;Vu;g[/
nfhL bfhz;L vGe;j bfhL+; bryt[ vHpyp
bgUk;bgay; bghHpe;j rpWg[d; khiy~~
12. ,g;ghly; ,lk; bgw;w E}y; .............
m) Ky;iyg;ghl;L M) kiygLflhk;
,) ew;wpiz <) FWe;bjhif
13. ede;jiy cyfk; ? ,j;bjhlupd; bghUs;
m) rpwpa cyfk; M) jiyaha cyfk;
,) eide;j cyfk; <) mfd;w cyfk;
14. ghlypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s movJifr; brhw;fs;
m) bgUk;bgay;/ bghHpe;j M) ghL,kpH;/ gdpf;fly;
,) ghL,kpH;/ nfhLbfhz;L <) ePu;bry/ epkpu;e;j
15. ghlypy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s msbgil?
m) jlf;if M) tis, ,) bgUk;bgay; <) bfhL+;bryt[
gFjp ? II (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 18)

gpupt[ ? 1
vitnaDk; ehd;F tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; FWfpa tpilaspf;f. 4×2=8
21MtJ tpdhtpw;Ff; fl;lhakhf tpilaspf;f ntz;Lk;.
m) jg;ghl;lk; epfH;j;jg;gLk; NHYf;nfw;g gy;ntW Ml;lf;TWfisf;
bfhz;Ls;sJ.
M) xapyhl;lj;jpy; njhyhy; fl;lg;gl;l Flk;/ jtpy;/ rp=;fp/ nlhyf;/ jg;g[ nghd;w
,irf;fUtpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
17. ``fha;kzp ahF Kd;du;f; fha;e;bjdf; fha;e;njd;~~ ? ctik czu;j;Jk; fUj;J
ahJ>
22   jkpH;
18. jkpH;r;brhy; tsk; Fwpj;Jf; fhy;Lbty; Fwpg;gpLk; fUj;ij vGJf.
19. capu;fs; cUthfp tsu Vw;w NHy; g{kpapy; vit vitbadg; gupghly;; tHp
mwpe;jtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf.
20. èkf;F capu; fhw;W
fhw;Wf;F tuk; kuk; ? ku=;fis
btl;o vwpahky; el;L tsu;g;nghk;~ ? ,Jnghd;w `cyff; fhw;W ehs;~
tpHpg;g[zu;t[f;fhd ,uz;L KHf;fj; bjhlu;fis vGJf.
21. `braw;if~ ? vdj; bjhl=;Fk; jpUf;Fwis vGJf.
gpupt[ ? 2
22. Fws;btz;ghtpd; ,yf;fzj;ij vGJf.
23. ,Ubrhw;fisa[k; xnu bjhlupy; mikj;J vGJf.
m) bjhL?njhL M) kiy?khiy
24. `jzpe;jJ~ ? gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.
25. g[wj;jpizfspy; vjpbujpu;j; jpizfis ml;ltizg;gLj;Jf.
26. Fwpg;igg; gad;gLj;jp tpil jUf.
Fwpg;g[: vjpu;kiwahd brhw;fs; m) mUfpy; mku;f M) kPshj; Jau;
27. fiyr;brhy; jUf.
m) Homograph M) Vowel
28. ehs;fhl;oapy; +hapw;Wf;fpHik ,Ugjhk; ehs; vdpy; me;j thuj;jpy; g[jd;fpHika[k;
rdpf;fpHika[k; ve;j ehs;fspy; tUk; vd;gjidj; jkpbHz;fspy; vGJf.
+hapw;Wf;fpHik ? 20
g[jd;fpHik ? ............. rdpf;fpHik ? .............
gFjp ? III (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 18)

gpupt[ ? 1
jw;nghJ btsptUfpw rpy cau;tifj; jpwd;ngrpapd; xspglf; fUtp/ braw;if
Ez;zwpt[j; bjhHpy;El;gj;ijf; bfhz;oUf;fpwJ. flt[r;brhy;Yk; ifnuifa[k;
bfhz;L jpwd;ngrpiaj; jpwg;gJ gHikahdJ. cupikahsupd; Kfj;ij
milahsk; fz;L jpwg;gJ/ ,d;iwa bjhHpy;El;gk;. braw;if Ez;zwpt[/
glk; vLf;Fk; fhl;rpia milahsk; fz;L mjw;F Vw;gj; jd;idj; jftikj;Jf;
bfhs;fpwJ.
m) jpwd;ngrpiaj; jpwf;Fk; giHa Kiwfs; vit>
M) jpwd;ngrpapy; glk; vLf;Fk; fhl;rpia milahsk; fz;L braw;if
Ez;zwpt[ vt;thW bray;gLfpwJ>
,) cau;tifj; jpwd;ngrpfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; bjhHpy;El;gk; vJ>
30. r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fs; fhl;Lk; mw=;fs; ,d;iwf;Fk; njitahditna vd;gjw;F
Xu; vLj;Jf;fhl;L je;J tpsf;Ff.
31. c=;fSld; gapYk; khztu; xUtu; gs;spg;gog;igg; ghjpapy; epWj;jp ntiyf;Fr;
bry;y tpUk;g[fpwhu;. mtuplk; fy;tp fw;gjd; ,d;wpaikahikia vt;tifapy;
vLj;Jiug;gPu;fs;>
gpupt[ ? 2
32. Tj;jidf; Tj;jd; Mw;Wg;gLj;Jjiyf; Tj;juhw;Wg;gil vt;thW fhl;LfpwJ>
33. itj;jpaehjg[up KUfd;/ mzpe;jpUf;Fk; mzpfyd;fSld; FHe;ijahfr;
br=;fPiu Moa eaj;jpid tpsf;Ff.
``bjd;dd; kfns-~~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; `md;id bkhHpna~ ghly;. (my;yJ)
``J}Rk; JfpUk;~~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; rpyg;gjpfhug; ghly;.
gpupt[ ? 3
35. njhl;lj;jpy; ky;ypifg;g{ gwpj;J g{=;bfho/ tUk; tHpapy; MLkhLfSf;Fj;
jz;zPu;j; bjhl;oapy; FoePu; epug;gpdhs;. tPl;oDs; te;jts; Rtu;f;fofhuj;jpy;
kzp ghu;j;jhs;.
,g;gj;jpapy; cs;s bjhifr; brhw;fspd; tiffisf; Fwpg;gpl;L/ tpupj;J vGJf.
36. mupatw;Ws; vy;yhk; mupnj bgupahiug;
ngzpj; jkuhf; bfhsy; ? myfpl;L tha;ghL jUf.
37. jPtf mzpia tpsf;fp/ @tif jPtf mzpfisa[k; Fwpg;gpLf.
gFjp ? IV (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 25)

38. m) ,iwtd;/ g[ytu; ,ilf;fhldhu; FuYf;Fr; brtprha;j;j epfH;it eaj;Jld;
vGJf.
(my;yJ)
M) ejpapd; gpiHad;W
eWk;g[dypd;ik md;nw
gjpapd; gpiHad;W
gae;j ek;ikg; g[ue;jhd;
kjpapd; gpiHad;W
kfd; gpiHad;W ike;j
tpjpapd; gpiH eP
,jw;bfd;id btFz;lbjd;wd; ? fk;gd;
ejpbts;sk; fha;e;J tpl;lhy;
ejpbra;j Fw;wk; ,y;iy
tpjpbra;j Fw;wk; ,d;wp
ntW ? ahuk;kh- ? fz;zjhrd;
24   jkpH;

ftpr;rf;futu;j;jpapd; ftpijiaa[k; ftpaurpd; ftpijiaa[k; xg;gpl;Lf;
fUj;Jfis vGJf.
39.
m)
czt[ tpLjpbahd;wpy; tH=;fg;gl;l czt[ jukw;wjhft[k; tpiy
TLjyhft[k; ,Ue;jijf; Fwpj;J cupa rhd;WfSld; czt[g; ghJfhg;g[
MizaUf;F KiwaPl;Lf; fojk; xd;W vGJf.
(my;yJ)
M) c=;fs; gs;spapy; eilbgWk; tpLjiyehs; tpHhtpw;F/ epfH;fiy ty;Yeu;
xUtiu rpwg;g[ tpUe;jpduhfg; gs;spf;F miHj;Jf; fojk; vGJf.
40. fhl;rpiaf; fz;L ftpDw ftpij xd;W vGJf.
41. bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpz;zg;gg; gotj;jpidg; g{u;j;jp bra;f.

jkpH;ehL tpisahl;L nkk;ghl;L Mizaj;jpd; cWg;gpdu; nru;f;if
tpz;zg;gg; gotk;
1. khztupd; bgau; :
2. ghypdk; :
3. gpwe;j ehs; :
4. njrpa ,dk; :
5. ,uj;j tif :
6. cauk; kw;Wk; vil :
7. bgw;nwhu; ' ghJfhtyu; bgau; :
8. tPl;L Kftup :
9. bjhiyngrp ' miyngrp vz; :
10. ,Wjpahfg; goj;J Koj;j tFg;g[ :
11. gs;spapd; Kftup :
12. nrutpUk;g[k; tpisahl;L :
nru;f;if vz; :
khztupd; ifbaGj;J
,lk; :
ehs; :
bgw;nwhu; ' ghJfhtyupd; ifbaGj;J
42. m) ek; gHk;bgUikiaa[k; tuyhw;iwa[k; mwpar; bra;a[k; mupa Mtz=;fshd
fy;btl;Lfs;/ nfhtpy;fspYk; gHikahd epidt[r; rpd;d=;fspYk;
fhzg;gLk;. mtw;iwg; guhkupf;ft[k;/ ghJfhf;ft[k; c=;fshy; ,ad;w Ie;J
bray;fisg; gl;oaypLf.
38   jkpH;
tpdhj;jhs;
tFg;g[: X jkpH; 3

1. ``,ts; jiyapy; vGjpanjh
fw;fhyk; vg;nghJk;......~~ ,t;tofspy; fw;fhyk; vd;gJ
m) jiytpjp M) giHa fhyk;
,) VH;ik <) jiyapy; fy; Rkg;gJ
2. vGfjpu;/ Kj;Jg;gy; ? ,r;brhw;fspy; kiwe;Js;s bjhiffs; Kiwna ?
m) tpidj;bjhif/ gz;g[j;bjhif M) ctikj;bjhif/ tpidj;bjhif
,) ctikj;bjhif/ tpidj;bjhif <) tpidj;bjhif/ ctikj;bjhif
3. `khghujk; jkpH;;g;gLj;Jk; kJuhg[upr; r=;fk; itj;Jk;~ vd;Dk; rpd;dkD}u;r;
brg;ngl;Lf; Fwpg;g[ czu;j;Jk; bra;jp?
m) fhg;gpaf; fhyj;jpy; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ ,Ue;jJ
M) r=;ffhyj;jpy; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ ,Ue;jJ
,) r=;fk; kUtp fhyj;jpy; bkhHpbgau;;g;g[ ,Ue;jJ
<) gf;jp ,yf;fpaf; fhyj;jpy; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ ,Ue;jJ
4. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYk; kzpnkfiyapYk; mike;j ghtpdk; ?
m) mftw;gh M) btz;gh ,) t+;rpg;gh <) fypg;gh
5. ,ikfis @oago vGJk; Mw;wiyf; bfhz;ltu;
m) jkpHHfdhu; M) mg;ghj;Jiuahu;
,) njtneag; ghthzu; <) ,uh.,s=;Fkudhu;
6. Tj;Jf;fiy+u; ghlj; bjhl=;fpdhu;. ToapUe;j kf;fs; mikjpahapdu;/
,j;bjhlu;fspd; rupahd fyitj; bjhlu; ?
m) Tj;Jf;fiy+u; ghltpy;iy vd;why; ToapUe;j kf;fs; mikjpahapuhu;.
M) Tj;Jf;fiy+u; ghlj;bjhl=;fpaJk; ToapUe;j kf;fs; mikjpahapdu;.
,) Tj;Jf;fiy+u; ghlj;bjhl=;fpdhu; vd;gjhy; ToapUe;j kf;fs;
mikjpahapdu;.
<) Tj;Jf;fiy+u; ghlj;bjhl=;fp Tl;lj;jpypUe;jtu;fis mikjpg;gLj;jp
itj;jhu;.
7. gupghly; moapy; `tpRk;g[k; ,ira[k;~ vd;Dk; bjhlu; vjidf; Fwpf;fpwJ>
m) thdj;ija[k; ghl;ila[k; M) thdj;ija[k; g[fiHa[k;
,) thdj;ija[k; g{kpiaa[k; <) thdj;ija[k; ngbuhypiaa[k;
8. ,Uehl;L muru;fSk; Jk;igg; g{itr; Nog; nghupLtjd; fhuzk; ?
m) ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;wy; M) Mepiu ftu;jy;
,) typikia epiyehl;ly; <) nfhl;ilia Kw;Wifaply;
9. fiyapd; fztdhft[k; rKjhaj;jpd; g[jy;tdhft[k; ,Ue;J vGJfpnwd; ?
b$afhe;jdpd; ,f;Tw;wpypUe;J ehk; g[upe;J bfhs;tJ ?
m) jk; thH;f;ifapy; bgw;w tpist[fisf; fiyahf;fpdhu;.
M) r@fg; ghu;itnahL fiyg;gzp g[upant vGjpdhu;.
,) mwj;ijf; TWtjw;fhf vGjpdhu;
<) mHfpaYld; ,yf;fpak; gilj;jhu;.
10. `rptg;g[r; rl;il~ ngrpdhu; ? mof;nfhol;l brhy;Yf;fhd bjhifapd; tif vJ>
m) gz;g[j;bjhif M) ctikj;bjhif
,) md;bkhHpj;bjhif <) ck;ikj;bjhif
11. MYk; ntYk; gy;Yf;FWjp/
ehYk; ,uz;Lk; brhy;Yf;FWjp ? ,j;bjhlu;fs; czu;j;Jk; ku=;fspd;
bgau;fisa[k; jkpbHz;fisa[k; Fwpg;gpLf.
m) Mykuk;/ntg;gkuk; ? ௫, ௧ M) Mykuk;/ ntykuk; ? ௪, ௨
,) murkuk;/ nt=;ifkuk; ? ௧, ௨ <) ntg;gkuk;/ Mykuk; ? ௪, ௬
ghliyg; goj;Jg; gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F (12/13/14/15) tpil jUf.
``brk;bgh dor;rpW fp=; fpzpnahL rpyk;g[ fye;jhlj;
jpUtiu aiu+h ziukzp bahLbkhsp jpfHiu tlkhlg;
igk;bgh dRk;gpa bjhe;jp bahL+;rpW gz;o rupe;jhlg;
gl;l Ejw;bghyp bghl;blhL tl;lr; Rl;o gjpe;jhlf;
fk;gp tpjk;bghjp Fz;ly K=;FiH fhJ kire;jhlf;~~
12. ,g;ghlypd; Mrpupau;
m) fPue;jijahu; M) FkuFUguu;
,) ek;g{jdhu; <) bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyu;
13. ,g;ghlypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s gps;isj;jkpH; gUtk; ?
m) mk;khid M) rg;ghzp
,) rpWnju; <) br=;fPiu
14. `Fz;lyKk; FiHfhJk;~ ? ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;g[ jUf.
m) vz;Qk;ik M) ck;ikj;bjhif
,) gz;g[j;bjhif <) mLf;Fj;bjhlu;
15. fpz;fpzp/ miuehz;/ Rl;o vd;gd Kiwna ?
m) fhypy; mzptJ/ ,ilapy; mzptJ/ jiyapy; mzptJ
M) bew;wpapy; mzptJ/ ,ilapy; mzptJ/ jiyapy; mzptJ
,) fhypy; mzptJ/ ,ilapy; mzptJ/ bew;wpapy; mzptJ
<) ,ilapy; mzptJ/ fhjpy; mzptJ/ jiyapy; mzptJ
40   jkpH;

gpupt[ ? 1
vitnaDk; ehd;F tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; FWfpa tpilaspf;f. 4×2=8
16. ``fHpe;j bgUk; nfs;tpapdhd; vdf;nfl;L KGJ czu;e;j fgpyd; jd; ghy;
bghHpe;j bgUk; fhjy;kpF nfz;ikapdhd; ,ilf;fhl;Lg; g[ytd; bjd;brhy;~~
?,t;tofspy; fHpe;j bgUk; nfs;tpapdhd; ahu;> fhjy;kpF nfz;ikapdhd; ahu;>
17. fhw;wpd; Mw;wy;/ ntfk; ,yf;fpa=;fspy; vt;thW Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd>
18. tpilf;nfw;w tpdhf;fs; mikf;f.
m) ehaf;fu;/ kuhl;oau; Ml;rpf;fhy=;fspy; kpFjpahd rj;jpu=;fs;
tHpr;bry;nthu;f;fhff; fl;lg;gl;ld.
M) mbkupf;fhtpd; kpdnrhl;lh jkpH;r;r=;fk; `thiH ,iy tpUe;J tpHhit~
Mz;LnjhWk; bfhz;lho tUfpwJ.
19. bka;fPu;j;jpf; Fwpj;Jj; jh=;fs; mwpe;j ,uz;L fUj;Jfis vGJf.
20. bfhil vd;gJk; Xu; mwk; vd;gjid xsitahu; vt;thW Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;>
21. ghlnyhL bghUe;jhj ,irahy; gadpy;iy vd;Dk; ctikiaf; bfhz;l
jpUf;Fwis vGJf.
gpupt[ ? 2
22. m) bjhlupy; bghUe;jhg; bghUs;jUk; ka=;bfhyp vGj;Jfisj; jpUj;jp vGJf.
,Yg;igg; g{f;fs; ,dpg;ghdit. fuofs; kwj;jpd; kPnjwp mtw;iwg; gupj;J
cz;Qk;. ghjpupg; g{ FoePUf;Fj; jd; kzj;ij Vw;Wk;.
M) kyu; cz;L" bgaUk; cz;L ? ,uz;L bjhlu;fisa[k; xnu bjhluhf;Ff.
23. `nt=;if~ vd;gijj; bjhlu;bkhHpahft[k; bghJbkhHpahft[k; ntWgLj;jpf;
fhl;Lf.
24. fhl;oy; tpise;j tufpy; rikj;j czt[ kiHf;fhy khiyapy; Nlhf cz;zr;
Rit kpFe;jpUf;Fk;. ,j;bjhlupy; mike;Js;s Kjy;bghUs;/ fUg;bghUs;fis
tifg;gLj;jp vGJf.
25. fiyr;brhy; jUf.
m) Ultraviolet Rays M) Space Technology
26. bghUj;jkhd epWj;jf; FwpapLf.
nruu;fspd; gl;lg; bgau;fspy; bfhy;yp btw;gd; kiyakhd; nghd;wit
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit bfhy;yp kiyia btd;wtd; bfhy;yp btw;gd; vdt[k; gpw
kiyg;gFjpfis btd;wtu;fs; kiyakhd; vdt[k; bgau; Nl;of;bfhz;ldu;
27. `tUf~ ? gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.
28. bjhHpw;bgau;fspd; bghUspw;nfw;gj; bjhlu;fis KGik bra;f.
m) gRikahd ............. If; ............. fz;Qf;F ey;yJ. (fhQjy;/ fhl;rp)
M) fhl;L tpy=;Ffisr; ............. jil bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. bra;j jtWfisr;
............. jpUe;j cjt[fpwJ. (Rl;ly;/ RLjy;)
gFjp ? II
16.  fHpe;j bgUk; nfs;tpapdhd; (kpFe;j fy;tpawpt[ cilatu;) ? Fnyrghz;oad;
fhjy;kpF nfz;ikapdhd; (fgpyuplk; el;g[ bfhz;ltu;) ? ,ilf;fhldhu;
17.  fhw;wpd; Mw;wiy `tsp kpfpd; typ ,y;iy~ (g[wk; ? 51) vd;W Ia{u; Kltdhu;
rpwg;gpj;Js;shu;.
kJiu ,sehfdhu; (g[wk; ? 55) fL=;fhw;W/ kziyf; bfhz;Lte;J nru;f;fpwJ
vd;W fhw;wpd; ntfj;ijg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.
18. m) ahu; ahUila Ml;rpf;fhy=;fspy; kpFjpahd rj;jpu=;fs; tHpr;bry;nthu;f;fhff;
fl;lg;gl;ld>
M) mbkupf;fhtpd; kpdnrhl;lh jkpH;r;r=;fk; vt;tpUe;J tpHhit Mz;LnjhWk;
bfhz;lho tUfpwJ>
19.  muru;fs; j=;fs; tuyhWk; bgUika[k; fhyk; fle;Jk; epiyf;f tpUk;gp/
mjid mHpahj tifapy; fy;ypy; brJf;fpdhu;fs;.
gy;ytu; fy;btl;LfspYk; ghz;oau; brg;ngLfspYk; Kistpl;l
,t;tHf;fk;/ nrhHu; fhyj;jpy; bka;f;fPu;j;jp vdg;bgau; bgw;wJ.
20. ``cyfnk tWika[w;whYk; bfhLg;gtd; mjpad;~~ vd;Dk; xsitahupd; Tw;W
bfhil vd;gJk; Xu; mwk;; vd;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ.
21. gz;vd;dhk; ghlw; fpiagpd;nwy;; fz;vd;dhk;
fz;nzhl;lk; ,y;yhj fz;.
22. m) kwj;jpd; ? kuj;jpd;/ gupj;J ? gwpj;J/ jz; ? jd;
M) kyUf;Fg; bgau; cz;L.
23.  nt=;if ? nt=;if vd;Dk; kuj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;. (jdpbkhHp)
ntk; + if ? ntfpd;w if vdt[k; bghUs; jUfpwJ. (bjhlu; bkhHp)
24.  epyk; ? Ky;iy fhL
bghGJ ? bgUk;bghGJ fhu;fhyk; (kiHf;fhyk;)
fUg;bghUs; ? czt[ tuF
25. m) Ultraviolet Rays ? g[w Cjhf;fjpu;fs;
M) Space Technology ? tpz;btspj; bjhHpy;El;gk;
26.
nrudpd; gl;lg;bgau;fspy; `bfhy;yp btw;gd;~/ `kiyakhd;~ nghd;wit
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit. `bfhy;ypkiy~ia btd;wtd; `bfhy;yp btw;gd;~ vdt[k;/ gpw
kiyg;gFjpfis btd;wtu;fs; `kiyakhd;~ vdt[k; bgau; Nl;of;bfhz;ldu;.
27. tUf = th (tU) + f
th ? gFjp" `tU~ vdj; jpupe;J tpfhuk;" f ? tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp.
28. m) gRikahd fhl;rpiaf; fhQjy; fz;Qf;F ey;yJ.
M) fhl;L tpy=;Ffisr; RLjy; jil bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. bra;j jtWfisr;
Rl;ly; jpUe;j cjt[fpwJ.
46   jkpH;
gFjp ? III
29. epfH;j;Jf;fiyapd; @d;W Fwpg;g[fs;:

fhypy; ry=;if mzpe;J MLk; epfH;fiy fufhl;lk;.
fufk; vd;gJ/ gpj;jisr; brk;ignah rpwpa Flj;ijnah jiyapy; itj;Jj;
jhsj;jpw;F Vw;g MLjy; MFk;.
fufhl;lj;ij `Fk;ghl;lk;~ vd;Wk; miHg;gu;.
30. nrhiyf; (g{=;fh) fhw;Wk; kpd;tprpwpf; fhw;Wk; ngrpf;bfhs;tJnghy; Xu; ciuahly;:
kpd; tprpwpf; fhw;W : ez;gh- th v=;bfy;yhk; Rw;wpj; jpupe;J tUfpwha;>
vd;idg; nghy; epiyahf Xuplj;jpypUe;J tPrf; Tlhjh.
nrhiyf; fhw;W : eP Xuplj;jpy; ,Ue;J epiyahf tPrpdhYk; cd;id
,af;f xUtu; njit. mJ kl;Lky;yhky; eP
bfhLf;Fk; btg;gf;fhw;iw kdpju;fs; ntW tHpapd;wp
gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.
kpd; tprpwpf; fhw;W : kdpju;fs; cd;id tpUk;g[fpwhu;fsh>
nrhiyf; fhw;W : Mk;/ ehd; kf;fSf;Ff; Fspu;e;j fhw;iwf; bfhLf;fpnwd;.
vd;dpypUe;J kpd;rhuk; jahupf;fpd;wdu;. fhw;whiy kpd;
cw;gj;jpapy; ,e;jpah Ie;jhk; ,lj;jpYk; jkpHfk; Kjy;
,lj;jpYk; cs;sJ.
kpd; tprpwpf; fhw;W : ,j;jid rpwg;g[fs; bfhz;l cd;id itj;J xU g[J
bkhHpia cyfpw;Ff; Twg;nghfpnwd;.
nrhiyf; fhw;W : mg;goah- mg;g[JbkhHp ahJ>
kpd; tprpwpf; fhw;W : ``fhw;Ws;s nghnj kpd;rhuk; vLj;Jf; bfhs;~~.
31. m) jpUg;ghjpupg;g[ypa{u; +hdpahuofs;.
M) mk;khid ghly;fs;/ rpj;ju; ghly;fs;/ brhw;bghHpt[fs; nghd;wtw;wpd; @ykhf
k.bgh.rp ,yf;fpa mwptpidg; bgw;whu;.
,) Vl;Lf;fy;tp bgw ,ayhj k.bgh.rp mjid <L bra;af; nfs;tp +hdj;ijg;
bgWtjpy;; kpFe;j Mu;tk; fhl;odhu;.
32. jkpHd;idia thH;j;Jtjw;fhd fhuz=;fshfg; ghtynuW Rl;Ltd:
md;id bkhHpna- mHfhd bre;jkpnH-
gHikf;Fg; gHikaha;j; njhd;wpa eW=;fdpna-
Fkupf;fz;lj;jpy; epiybgw;W murhl;rp brYj;jpa kz;Qyfg; nguunr-
ghz;oadpd; kfns- jpUf;Fwspd; bgUk; bgUikf;Fupatns-
ghl;Lk;/ bjhifa[k; Mdtns- gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;nf- epiyj;j
rpyg;gjpfhunk- mHfhd kzpnkfiyna-
fly; bfhz;l Fkupapy; epiyaha; epd;W murhl;rp bra;j bgUe;jkpH; munr-
bgh=;fpbaGk; epidt[fshy; jiygzpe;J jkpnH cd;id thH;j;Jfpd;nwhk;.
gFjp ? IV
43. m) b$afhe;jdpd; epidt[r; rpwg;gpjH; ? Rtbuhl;o:
f=;fh thu ,jH; btspapLk;

b$afhe;jd; epidt[r; rpwg;gpjH; ? 2022
btspaPl;L ehs;
cs;ns.....
 thH;f;if tuyhW
100
26.08.2022  gilg;gpd; mDgtk; gf;f=;fs;
 fhe;jk; b$afhe;jd;: fl;Liu
``Kjypy; vGJfpwtd; vd;w Kiwapy;/ vij  g[fH; ftpijfs;
vGJtJ vd;W jPu;khdpg;gtd; ehnd~~  jpiungRk; fhe;jk; ? JQf;Ffs;
? b$afhe;jd; rhfpj;jpa mfhbjkp tpUJ mDgtk;
tpiy Kd;gjpt[f;F:
` 30 _ f=;fh gjpg;gfk;/ jpUbey;ntyp?1. bjhiyngrp: 0462?2338899

M) braw;if Ez;zwptpd; vjpu;fhy btspg;ghLfs;:
Kd;Diu:
xU FHe;ijiaj; J}f;ft[k; fPnH tpGe;j xU njdPu;f; nfhg;igia vLf;ft[k;
bkd;bghUs; mf;fiwbfhs;Sk;. btWk; tzpfj;Jld; mJ epd;WtplhJ.
braw;if Ez;zwptpd; btspg;ghLfs; ,dp kpFjpahf ,Uf;Fk;.
Cu;jpfis ,af;Fjy;:
vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ehk; ,af;Fk; Cu;jpfisr; braw;if Ez;zwpt[ bfhz;L
,af;fg;gLk;. ,jdhy; tpgj;J Fiwa[k;. nghf;Ftuj;J beupry; ,Uf;fhJ. gaz
neuk; Fiwa[k;. vupbghUs; kpr;rg;gLk;.
fy;tpj;Jiw:
fy;tpj;Jiwapy; ,j;bjhHpy;El;gj;ijg; gy tpj=;fspy; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
rhj;jpaf;TWfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
gpw bray;ghLfs;:
tpLjpfspy;/ t=;fpfspy;/ mYtyf=;fspy; jw;nghJ kdpjd; mspf;Fk; nritia
,ae;jpu kdpjd; bra;a[k;. ek;Kld; ciuahLtJ/ Mnyhrid tH=;FtJ/ gaz
Vw;ghL bra;J jUtJ/ jz;zPu; bfhz;L te;J jUtJ nghd;wit.
ntiy tha;g;g[fspy; khw;wk;:
ntiy tha;g;g[fspy; fzprkhd khw;wj;ij vjpu;fhyj;jpy; braw;if Ez;zwpt[
bfhz;L tUk;.
,ae;jpu kdpjdplk; FHe;ij:
vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ,ae;jpu kdpjdplk; FHe;ijia xg;gilj;Jtpl;L mYtyfk;
bry;Yk; bgw;nwhiug; ghu;f;f Koa[k;.
njhHdha; ,ae;jpu kdpjd;:
tajhdtu;fSf;F cjtpfs; bra;Jk;/ mtu;fSf;F cw;w njhHdha;g; ngr;Rf;
bfhLj;Jk; ngQk; ,ae;jpu kdpju;fis ehk; ghu;f;f Koa[k;.
52   jkpH;
capuhgj;ij tpistpj;jy;:
braw;if Ez;zwpt[s;s ,ae;jpu kdpju;fshy;/ kdpju; bra;a ,ayhj
mYg;g[j; jl;lf;Toa fodkhd bray;fisa[k; bra;a Koa[k;. kdpj Kaw;rpapy;
capuhgj;ij tpistpf;ff;Toa bray;fisa[k; bra;a Koa[k;.
tzpf tha;g;g[fs;:
bgUepWtd=;fs; j=;fs; bghUs;fis cw;gj;jp bra;at[k;/ re;ijg;gLj;jt[k;/
g[jpa tzpf tha;g;g[fisr; Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhs;st[k; braw;if Ez;zwpt[
gad;gLk;.
Kot[iu:
braw;if Ez;zwpt[ rhjd=;fshy; kdpjdpd; ntiyg;gS Fiwe;Js;sJ.
fhy tpuak; jLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
44. m) jkpH; ciueilapd; rpwg;g[g; gw;wpa ciuahly;:
g=;FbgWnthu; ? jkpHd;/ cwtpdu; kfs;
cwtpdu; kfs; : tzf;fk; Iah.
jkpHd; : tzf;fk;.
cwtpdu; kfs; : ciuahly;/ ciueil vd;why; vd;d>
jkpHd; : ePa[k; ehDk; ngrpdhy; ciuahly;. mijna vGjpdhy;

ciueil.
cwtpdu; kfs; : ciueil tsu;r;rp gw;wp c=;fs; fUj;J ahJ>
jkpHd; : ciueilapy; vJif nkhid ,y;iy. Mdhy; mLf;F
bkhHpfs; cz;L. ,ay;ghd xG=;fpy; mika[k;.
cwtpdu; kfs; : jkpH; ciueilapd; ntW tiffs; cz;lh>
jkpHd; : cz;L. bghJthf ciueilapid MW gpupt[fshfg;
gpupf;fyhk;. tpsf;f ciueil/ msit ciueil/ vLj;Jiu
ciueil/ tUzid ciueil/ ehlf ciueil/ rpe;jid
ciueil.
cwtpdu; kfs; : vdf;F tUzid ciueiliag; gw;wp Tw Koa[kh>
jkpHd; : TWfpnwd;. tUzid ciueil vd;gJ g[yDzu;t[

mDgt=;fis tUzidahf tptupg;gJ.
cwtpdu; kfs; : ciueilapy; Xir ,d;gk; Vw;gLkh>
jkpHd; : Vw;gLk;. cjhuzkhf/ ,uh. gp. nrJgps;isapd; jkpHpd;gk;
vd;Dk; E}iyf; Twyhk;.
cwtpdu; kfs; : ciueilapy; ,yf;fpa cj;jpfs; cz;lh>
jkpHd; : cz;L. K.t. ciueilapy; ctik/ vJif/ nkhid

brhy;yhl;rp nghd;w ehd;F cyf cj;jpfisf; ifahz;Ls;shu;.
cwtpdu; kfs; : nkhida[k;/ ,iag[k; tUtJnghy; ciueil brhy;Y=;fs;
Iah-
jkpHd; : brhy;fpnwd;. ,uh.gp.nrJgps;isapd; `ckWg;g[ytu;~ vDk;

fl;Liuapy;/ ghz;oa ehl;oy; gUtkiH bga;ahJ xHpe;jJ/
g+;rk; te;jJ/ grp neha[k; kpFe;jJ.
cwtpdu; kfs; : Iah- filrpahf/ Kuz; eak; gw;wp kl;Lk; TW=;fs; Iah-
jkpHd; : brhy;Yk; Kiwapy; mGj;jk; bfhLg;gjw;fhf vjpUk; g[jpUkhd
Kuz;gLk; fUj;Jfis mikj;J vGJtu;. ``Foirfs; xU
gf;fk;" nfhg[u=;fs; kWgf;fk;" grpj;j tapWfs; xU gf;fk;"
g[spr;nrg;gf;fhuu;fs; kWgf;fk;....~~ vd;W njhHu; g. $Pthde;jk;
vGjpapUg;gij ,jw;Fr; rhd;whff; Twyhk;.
cwtpdu; kfs; :
kpf;f ed;wp Iah. j=;fsplkpUe;J ciueilapd; rpwg;gpid
ed;F mwpe;J bfhz;nld;.
jkpHd; : tzf;fk;-
M) nkupapd; thH;ifapy; fy;tpr; Rliu Vw;wpa fijapd; fUj;Jfs;:
ghu;f;f: muR khjpup tpdhj;jhs; 2019?20 ? tpdhj;jhs; 1 ? tp.vz;: 44 (m).
45. m) mwj;jhd; tUtnj ,d;gk;
Kd;Diu:
cyfnk tpaf;Fk; mstpw;F mwg; gz;g[fis cUthf;fpatu;fs; jkpHu;fs;.
kf;fs; ,d;gk; miltjw;Fg; gy tHpfs; cs;sd. bghd;ida[k; bghUisa[k;
nru;j;J thH;tjpy; ,d;gk; ,y;iy. mij ed;Kiwapy; ,y;yhjtUf;Ff;
bfhLg;gjhy; tUtnj ,d;gk;.jPik ,y;yhky; tUk; midj;Jk; mwk; MFk;.
kdpj thH;t[ mwk; rhu;e;jJ:
bfhil/ ,uf;fk;/ md;g[/ kdpjneak;/ jd;dykpd;ik/ ,d;dhbra;ahik/
bghJeyk; Mfpa midj;ija[k; kdpj thH;tpy; ghu;f;f KofpwJ. tWikapy;
thLgtu;fSf;Fg; bghUs; bfhLg;gJk; cztpy;yhj mtu;fSf;F czt[
bfhLg;gJt[k; mwk;. mij kdpju; thH;tpy; fhz KofpwJ.
,yf;fpak; fhl;Lk; mwk;:
r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fspy; mwk; tHp thH;e;j jkpHu;fis fhzKofpwJ.
`bry;tj;Jg; gand <jy;~ vd;fpwJ g[wehD}W. `<jYk; Ja;j;jYk; ,y;nyhu;f;F
,y;~ vd;fpwJ FWe;bjhif. jpUf;Fws; mwd;typa[Wj;jy; vd;w Xu;
mjpfhuj;ijna itj;Js;sJ. czt[/ cil/ ciwtplk; Mfpaitna mwk;
vd;fpwJ kzpnkfiy. mt;itahUk; mwk; bra;a tpUk;g[ vd;fpwhu;.
mwj;jhd; tUtnj ,d;gk;:
mwj;jhy; tUtnj ,d;gk; vd;W r=;ffhy kf;fs; thH;e;J te;jdu;. bfhilr;
rpwg;ghy; ts;sy;fs; nghw;wg;gLtjw;Ff; fhuzk; mtu;fspd; mwnkahFk;.
tWikapy; thLk; ViHfSf;Fj; j=;fsplk; cs;s bghUl;fisf; bfhLj;J/
mtu;fis thH itj;J mjpy; ,d;gk; fz;ltu;fs; jkpHu;fs;. Xuwpt[ Kjy; Mwwpt[
capu;fs; tiu midj;ija[k; xd;bwdf; fUjp mwk; bra;jdu;.
Kot[iu
md;ghYk; mUshYk; gz;ghYk; midj;J capu;fSf;Fk; ed;ik bra;tnj
mwkhFk;. mJnt ,k;ikf;Fk; kWikf;Fk; ,d;gk; jUk; vd;gJ cWjp.
54   jkpH;
M) jiyg;g[: muRg; bghUl;fhl;rp
Kd;Diu:
v=;fs; Cupy;/ muRg; bghUl;fhl;rp/ jpyfu; jplypy; eilbgw;wJ. muRg;
bghUl;fhl;rpf;Fr; brd;W te;njd;. m=;nf ehd; fz;L kfpH;e;j epfH;t[fisf;
Fwpj;J ,f;fl;Liu @yk; c=;fSld; gfpu;e;J bfhs;s tpUk;g[fpnwd;.
EiHt[r;rPl;L:
bghUl;fhl;rp cs;ns bry;y EiHt[f; fl;lzk; gj;J tajpw;Fl;gl;ltu;fSf;F
q.30k; gj;J tajpw;F nkw;gl;ltu;fSf;F q.50k; EiHt[f; fl;lzkhf
tNypf;fg;gl;lJ.
gy;Jiwf; fz;fhl;rp mu=;f=;fs;:
tdj;Jiw mu=;fj;jpd; cs;ns brd;W ghu;j;jnghJ tdj;ija[k;
tdtpy=;Ffisa[k; ghJfhg;gJ vg;go vd;gij mwpe;J bfhz;nld;. fy;tpj;Jiw
mu=;fj;jpd; cs;ns fy;tp nkk;ghl;Lj; jpl;l=;fs; kw;Wk; fy;tpapd; rpwg;g[ Fwpj;J
gy;ntW bra;jpfs; mr;rplg;gl;L xl;o itf;fg;gl;oUe;jd. nghf;Ftuj;Jj;
Jiwapdupd; rhiy tpjpfisf; filgpog;gjhy; rhiy tpgj;Jf;fisj; jtpu;f;fyhk;
vd;w tpsk;gug; gjhiffisa[k; fhz Koe;jd. fhty;Jiw/ bghJg;gzpj; Jiw/
kPd; tsj;Jiw/ ntshz;Jiw nghd;W gy;ntW Jiw rhu;e;j mu=;f=;fspd;
cs;ns brd;W mupa gy jfty;fis mwpe;J bfhz;nld;.
m=;fhofs;:
tPl;L cgnahfg; bghUl;fs;/ tpisahl;Lg; bghUl;fs;/ my=;fhug; bghUl;fs;
vdg; gy;ntW bghUl;fisa[k; xnu ,lj;jpy; th=;fpf; bfhs;Sk; mst[f;Fg;
gy;ntW m=;fhofs; ,Ue;jd. czt[ m=;fhof;Fr; brd;W bly;yp mg;gsk;/
kpsfha; g$;$p/ gdpf;TH; Kjypatw;iw th=;fp cz;nld;.
,uhl;odk;:
kaf;fk; je;jhYk; kdij kaf;Fk; ,uhl;od=;fs; RHYk; Kiwia tpag;g[ld;
; fz;L kfpH;e;njd;.
gpw bghGJnghf;F mk;r=;fs;:
nga;tPL/ ghjhsf; fpzW/ Kg;gupkhz jpiuau=;fk;/ kPd;fhl;rp rhiy/ gdptPL
vdg; gy;ntW mu=;f=;fs; ,Ue;jd. ,g;bghGJnghf;F mu=;f=;fSf;Fj;
jdpj;jdpna fl;lzk; tNypf;fg;gl;lJ.
Kot[iu:
gy kzp neukhf Rw;wpg;ghu;j;j fisg;g[ xUg[wk; ,Ue;jhYk; m=;nf Rw;wpg;
ghu;j;j kfpH;r;rp kpFjpa[ld; tPL jpUk;gpndd;.
***
tpdhj;jhs;
tFg;g[: X jkpH; 4
1. jpUts;Stu; mwpt[ilahu; vy;yhk; cilahu; vd;W mWjpapl;Lf; TWfpwhu;>
,j;bjhlUf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd epWj;jw;Fwpapl;l bjhliuj; nju;f.
m) jpUts;Stu;/ `mwpt[ilahu; vy;yhk; cilahu;~ vd;W `mWjpapl;Lf;~
TWfpwhu;.
M) jpUts;Stu;/ `mwpt[ilahu; vy;yhk; cilahu;~ vd;W mWjpapl;Lf; TWfpwhu;.
,) jpUts;Stu;/ ``mwpt[ilahu; vy;yhk; cilahu;~~ vd;W/ mWjpapl;Lf;
TWfpwhu;.
<) `jpUts;Stu;~/ `mwpt[ilahu; vy;yhk; cilahu;~ vd;W mWjpapl;Lf; TWfpwhu;.
2. bghUe;Jk; tpil tupiriaj; nju;e;bjLf;f.
m) bfhz;ly; ? 1. nkw;F
M) nfhil ? 2. bjw;F
,) thil ? 3. fpHf;F
<) bjd;wy; ? 4. tlf;F
m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 M) 3/ 1/ 4/ 2 ,) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 <) 3/ 4/ 1/ 2
3. g[jpUf;fhd tpilia tupirg;go nju;e;bjLf;f.
jtGk;nghJ xU bgau;
tpGk;nghJ xU bgau;
cUSk;nghJ xU bgau;
jpuz;nlhLk;nghJ xU bgau; ? mit vd;d>
m) ePu;/ kiH/ MW/ Xil M) nkfk;/ kiH/ ePu;/ bts;sk;
,) khup/ fhu;/ ePu;/ g[dy; <) kiH/ g[dy;/ nkfk;/ ePu;
4. Fspu;fhyj;ijg; bghGjhff; bfhz;l epy=;fs; .............
m) Ky;iy/ Fwp+;rp/ kUj epy=;fs; M) Fwp+;rp/ ghiy/ bea;jy; epy=;fs;
,) Fwp+;rp/ kUjk;/ bea;jy; epy=;fs; <) kUjk;/ bea;jy;/ ghiy epy=;fs;
5. g{f;ifiaf; Fwpj;Jg; g{nt g[upbthL fhf;f vd;W ............./ ............. ntz;odhu;.
m) fUizad;/ vyprbgj;Jf;fhf M) vyprbgj;/ jkf;fhf
,) fUizad;/ g{f;fSf;fhf <) vyprbgj;/ g{kpf;fhf
62   jkpH;
tpilfs; PTA khjpup tpdhj;jhs; ? 3 tpdhj;jhs; ? 4
gFjp ?I
1. M) jpUts;Stu;/ `mwpt[ilahu; 8. ,) fy;tp
vy;yhk; cilahu;~ vd;W 9. M) fhy; cil ? fhyhy; cilj;jy;
mWjpapl;Lf; TWfpwhu;. 10. <) ghly;" nfl;ltu;
2. M) 3/ 1/ 4/ 2 11. M) jiyg;g[f;Fg; bghUj;jkhd
3. M) nkfk;/ kiH/ ePu;/ bts;sk; Fwpg;g[fs; ,lk;bgw;Ws;sd.
4. ,) Fwp+;rp/ kUjk;/ bea;jy; epy=;fs; 12. ,) brhy;ypir msbgil
5. m) fUizad;/ vyprbgj;Jf;fhf 13. m) rpw;W}u;
6. <) rpyg;gjpfhuk; 14. M) kiygLflhk;
7. <) kuf;fd;Wfis 15. m) md;W/ fd;W/ my=;F/ rpyk;g[
gFjp ? II
16. èkJ mwpahikahy; mt!;ijfSf;Fs;shfp/ gpwiua[k; ekJ mwpahikahy;
mt!;ijf;F cl;gLj;jhky;/ r@fg; ghu;itnahL fiyg;gzp g[upant ehd;
vGJfpnwd;~ vd;W b$afhe;jd; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
17. m) ehl;L kf;fspd; mwpbthGf;f=;fs; vt;thW mika[k;>
M) brhy;yhuha;r;rpapy; ghthzUk; tpae;j bgUkfdhu; ahu;>
18. muru;fs; j=;fs; tuyhWk; bgUika[k; fhyk; fle;Jk; epiyf;f tpUk;gp/ mjidf;
fy;ypy; brJf;fpaikna bka;f;fPu;j;jp ghlg;gLtjd; nehf;fkhf mike;jJ.
19. g[jpa fz;Lgpog;g[:
,d;iwa fz;Lgpog;g[fs; mwpKfkhFk;nghJ giHa ntiytha;g;g[fs; g[jpa
totpy; khw;wk; bgWfpd;wd.
kpd;dQf; fy;tpawpt[:
fy;tpawpt[ld; kpd;dQf; fy;tpawpita[k;/ kpd;dQr; re;ijg;gLj;jiya[k;
mwpe;jpUg;gJ thH;f;ifia vspjhf;fp tzpfj;jpy; btw;wpaila cjt[fpwJ.
20. czt[g; bghUs;fs;:
Ky;iy epyk; kUj epyk;
tuF bre;bey;
rhik btz;bzy;
21. Fd;nwwp ahidg;nghu; fz;lw;why; jd;ifj;bjhd;
Wz;lhfr; bra;thd; tpid.
22. bghwpj;j = bghwp + j; + j; + m
bghwp ? gFjp" j; ? re;jp" j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy" m ? bgabur;r tpFjp.
23. m) thdk; fUf;fj; bjhl=;fpaJ. kiHtUk; nghypUf;fpwJ.
M) fz;Qf;Ff; FSikahf ,Uf;Fk; gr;ir g[y;btspfspy; fjputdpd; k+;rs;
btapy; gutpf; fplf;fpwJ.
,) midtupd; ghuhl;Lfshy;/ btl;fj;jpy; ghlfupd; Kfk; rpte;jJ.
24. mwpah tpdh kw;Wk; Ia tpdh.
25.  behW=;fj; jpd;why; E}W taJ.
thH;tjw;fhf cz;;/ cz;gjw;fhf thHhnj.
26.  ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;W te;Js;s mzp `èpuy;epiw mzp~~ MFk;.
bra;a[spy; brhy;iya[k; bghUisa[k; tupirahf epWj;jp mt;tupirg;gona
,izj;Jg; bghUs; bfhs;tJ epuy;epiw mzp vdg;gLk;.
27. m) ghijj; bjupahj ,aw;iff; fhLfspy; gazpf;fr; braw;iff; fUtpfs;
gad;gLfpd;wd.
M) Kfpyd;/ èhd;jhd;; Fw;wthsp~ vd;W jhnk xg;g[f;bfhz;lhd;.
28. m) Belief ? ek;gpf;if M) Renaissance ? kWkyu;r;rp
gFjp ? III
29. ,sk; gapu; tiffspd; bjhlu;fs;:

gps;is ? bjd;dk; gps;is th=;fp te;njd;.
tlyp ? fhl;oy; gid tlypiag; ghu;j;njd;.
ehw;W ? bey; ehw;W el;nld;.
fd;W ? thiHf;fd;W el;nld;.
ig=;TH; ? nrhsg; ig=;TH; gRikahf cs;sJ.
30. m) nghu; mwk; vd;gJ tPukw;nwhu;/ g[wKFfpl;nlhu;/ rpwhu;/ Kjpnahu; Mfpnahiu
vjpu;j;Jg; nghu; bra;ahikiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ.
M) jk;iktpl typik Fiwe;jhnuhL nghu; bra;tJ TlhJ vd;gij Mt{u;
@y=;fpHhu; Fwpg;gpl;oUf;fpwhu;.
,) gR/ ghu;g;gdu;/ bgz;fs;/ nehahsu;/ g[jy;tiug; bgwhjtu; MfpnahUf;Fj;
jP=;F tuhky; nghu; g[upa ntz;Lk; vd;W ,yf;fpa=;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.
31. fhykhw;wk;/ tpUe;njhk;gypy; Vw;gLj;jpa khw;w=;fs;:
,d;W tPl;ow;Fj; jpz;iz itj;Jf; fl;LtJkpy;iy.
,y;y tpHhf;fs; jw;nghJ jpUkz kz;lgj;jpnyna eilbgWfpd;wd.
jw;fhyj;jpy; mwpKk; ,y;yhj g[jpatu;fis tpUe;jpdu;fshf Vw;gJk; ,y;iy.
32. Tuhd Ma[jk;:
Tuhd Ma[jk;: ciHj;jjhy; fpilj;j Cjpak;.
fhuzk;: ,Jnt mtDila giftid bty;Yk; Tuhd Ma[jk;.
tpdhj;jhs;
tFg;g[: X jkpH; 5

1. tpLgl;l czt[ tiffis tupirg;gLj;Jf.
gr;ruprpiaf; bfhz;L ............. bra;J ghrpg;gUg;gpid tWj;J .............
gpoj;J nful;ilj; JUtp bea;apl;L ............. bra;J Koj;j mk;kh/ ,Wjpahf
cUisf;fpH=;ifr; rPtp ............. bra;J midtiua[k; czt[ cz;z miHj;jhu;.
m) bgh=;fy;/ cUz;il/ rPty;/ my;th
M) rPty;/ cUz;il/ my;th/ rPty;
,) bgh=;fy;/ cUz;il/ my;th/ rPty;
<) cUz;il/ rPty;/ my;th/ bgh=;fy;
2. rupahd mfutupiriaj; nju;e;bjLf;f.
m) cHt[/ kz;/ Vu;/ khL M) kz;/ khL/ Vu;/ cHt[
,) Vu;/ cHt[/ khL/ kz; <) cHt[/ Vu;/ kz;/ khL
3. ghujpahu; fhw;iw `kaYWj;J~ miHg;gijf; Fwpf;Fk; brhw;bwhlu; ?
m) kzk; tPRk; fhw;wha; eP th
M) kdij ka=;fr; bra;a[k; kzj;njhL eP th
,) kapyhLk; fhw;wha; eP th
<) kfue;jk; Rke;J bfhz;L eP th
4. nkd;ik jUk; mwk; vd;gJ .............
m) ifkhW fUjhky; mwk; bra;tJ
M) kWgpwg;gpy; gad; bgwyhk; vd;w nehf;fpy; mwk; bra;tJ
,) g[fH; fUjp mwk; bra;tJ
<) gjpYjtp bgWtjw;fhf mwk; bra;tJ
5. ,iya[jpu; fhyk; ............. rUfhapd-
kiHf;fhyk; ............. jiHj;jd-
rUFfnsh brGikahd cu=;fshapd-
?g[Jf;ftpijf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd vJif/ nkhidr; brhw;fis ,l;L epug;g[f.
m) ku=;fbsy;yhk;/ fpisgug;gpd
M) fhbly;yhk;/ tsu;e;jd
,) ,iyfbsy;yhk;/ ku=;fbsy;yhk;
<) kiybay;yhk;/ Kisj;jd
74   jkpH;
6. nfhry ehl;oy; bfhil ,y;yhj fhuzk; vd;d>
m) ey;y cs;sk; cilatu;fs; ,y;yhjjhy;
M) Cupy; tpisr;ry; ,y;yhjjhy;
,) murd; bfhL=;nfhy; Ml;rp g[uptjhy;
<) m=;F tWik ,y;yhjjhy;
7. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Kiwahd bjhlu;
m) jkpHu; gz;ghl;oy; jdpj;j thiH ,iyf;F ,lKz;L
M) jkpHu; thiH ,iyf;Fg; gz;ghl;oy; jdpj;j ,lKz;L
,) jkpHu; gz;ghl;oy; thiH ,iyf;Fj; jdpj;j ,lKz;L
<) jkpHu; thiH gz;ghl;oy; jdpj;j ,iyf;F ,lKz;L
8. vu;yp khu;dp=; vGe;J thf;fp=; brd;W te;J O Foj;j mk;kh/ ePa{!; ngg;giug;
goj;Jf; bfhz;oUe;jhu;. ? ,j;bjhlupy; mike;Js;s M=;fpyr; brhw;fSf;fhd
jkpH;r;brhy; tupiriaj; nju;f.
m) itfiw/ eilg;gapw;rp/ gj;jpupif/ njePu;
M) mjpfhiy/ ele;J/ njePu;/ gj;jpupif
,) fhiy/ eil/ njePu;/ bra;jp
<) itfiw/ eilg;gapw;rp/ njePu;/ bra;jpj;jhs;
9. Fynrfu MH;thu; `tpj;Jtf;nfhl;lk;kh~ vd;W Mz; bja;tj;ij miHj;Jg;
ghLfpwhu;.
g{idahu; ghy;nrhw;iwf; fz;lJk; tpiue;J tUfpwhu;.
? Mfpa bjhlu;fspy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s tGtikjpfs; Kiwna ?
m) kug[ tGtikjp/ jpiz tGtikjp
M) ,ltGtikjp/ kug[ tGtikjp
,) ghy; tGtikjp/ jpiz tGtikjp
<) fhytGtikjp/ ,l tGtikjp
10. ntu;f;fliy/ kpsfha; tpij/ kh=;bfhl;il Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk; gapu; tif ?
m) Fiy tif M) kzp tif
,) bfhGe;J tif <) ,iy tif
11. tha;ikna kiHePuhfp ? ,j;bjhlupy; btspg;gLk; mzp.
m) ctik M) jw;Fwpg;ngw;wk;
,) jPtfk; <) cUtfk;
ghliyg; goj;Jg; gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F (12/13/14/15) tpil jUf.
``mUisg; bgUf;fp mwpitj; jpUj;jp
kUis mfw;wp kjpf;Fk; bjUis
mUj;JtJk; Mtpf;F mUe;Jizaha; ,d;gk;
bghUj;JtJk; fy;tpbad;nw nghw;W.~~
12. ghly; ,lk;bgw;w E}y; ?
m) ePjpbtz;gh M) g[wehD}W
,) btw;wp ntw;if <) bfhd;iw nte;jd;
45. m) Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L fl;Liu xd;W vGjp jiyg;g[ xd;W jUf.
Fwpg;g[fs;: Kd;Diu ? jkpHd; mwptpaypd; Kd;ndho ? tpz;btspa[k;
fy;gdhr; rht;yht[k; ? tpz;zpay; mwptpay; ekJ flik ? Kot[iu.
(my;yJ)
M) cHnt jkpHu; gz;ghl;od; kFlk; ? cHt[j;bjhHpYf;F te;jid bra;nthk;
? RHd;Wk; Vu;g;gpdJ cyfk; ? ,f;Fwpg;g[fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fl;Liu xd;W
vGjp bghUj;jkhd jiyg;gpLf.
***
gFjp ?I
1. ,) bgh=;fy;/ cUz;il/ my;th/ 8. M) mjpfhiy/ ele;J/ njePu;/
rPty; gj;jpupif
2. <) cHt[/ Vu;/ kz;/ khL 9. ,) ghy; tGtikjp/ jpiz
3. M) kdij ka=;fr; bra;a[k; tGtikjp
kzj;njhL eP th 10. M) kzp tif
4. m) ifkhW fUjhky; mwk; bra;tJ 11. <) cUtfk;
5. ,) ,iyfbsy;yhk;/ ku=;fbsy;yhk; 12. m) ePjpbtz;gh
6. <) m=;F tWik ,y;yhjjhy; 13. M) mUis/ mwpit
7. ,) jkpHu; gz;ghl;oy; thiH 14. ,) mUik + Jizaha;
,iyf;Fj; jdpj;j ,lKz;L 15. M) fy;tp
gFjp ? II
16. kUj;Jtu; clypy; Vw;gl;l g[z;izf; fj;jpahy; mWj;Jr; Rl;lhYk; mJ
ed;ikf;nf vd;W czu;e;J nehahsp/ kUj;Jtupd; md;g[k; ek;gpf;ifa[k; cila
brhw;fshy; cly; mstpYk;/ kdjstpYk; eyk; bgWthu;.
17.  jk;gp mHhnj- mg;ght[k; mk;kht[k; tpiutpy; te;J tpLthu;fs;.
tUk;nghJ cdf;F tpisahl;Lg; bghUl;fis th=;fp te;J jUthu;fs;.
18. jk;kplKs;s bghUis kiwj;J itj;jy; vd;Dk; Jd;gk; juhj ty;ytu;.
19. m) g[w;Wnehiaf; fz;Lgpof;Fk; braw;if Ez;zwpt[f; fUtpapd; bgau; vd;d>
M) jfty;fisf; bfhz;L vspjpy; mHfhf fl;Liu vGJk; vGj;jhspapd; bgau;
vd;d>
20.  E
}y; th=;Ftjw;Fg; nghjpa gzkpy;yhj tWik epiyapYk; giHa g[j;jf=;fs;
tpw;Fk; filf;Fr; brd;W kpff;Fiwe;j tpiyf;Fg; g[j;jf=;fs; th=;Fthu;.
czt[f;fhf itj;jpUf;Fk; gzj;jpy; g[j;jf=;fis th=;fptpl;L gl;odp
fple;jpUf;fpwhu;.
kuj;jyhd bgha;f;fhypy; epd;Wbfhz;Lk; Fjpiu tot[s;s Tl;il clk;gpy;
Rke;Jbfhz;Lk; MLk; Ml;lnk bgha;f;fhy; Fjpiuahl;lk;.
murd;/ murp ntlkpl;L Mlg;gLk; ,t;thl;lk; g[utp Ml;lk;/ g[utp ehl;oak;
vd;w bgau;fspYk; miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
31. m) bjhlu;e;J bga;j kiHahy; g[tp bts;sj;jpy; @H;fpaJ.
M) bga;kiH
,) g[tpapy; fhykhw;wj;jhy; capu;fs; thH;tjw;F Vw;w NHyhfpa cs;sPL njhd;wpaJ.
capu;fs; njhd;wp epiybgWk;goahf ,g;bgupa g[tpapy; CHpf;fhyk; fle;jJ.
32. Fwpg;g[: ,iyfspy; brhl;Lk; ePu; ? clypy; XLk; bky;ypa Fspu; ? nj=;fpa
Fl;ilapy; `rsg; jsg;~ vd;W Fjpf;Fk; FHe;ijfs; ? XLk; ePupy; fhfpjf; fg;gy;.
njdilapypUe;J tpGk; njd; Jspiag; nghy rpy kzpj;JspfSf;F xU
Kiw ePu; ~brhl; brhl;~ vd tpGe;jJ.
tpUk;gj;jf;f bjd;wiyg; nghyt[k; kapypwfpd; tUly; nghyt[k; bky;ypa
Fspu; clypy; XLk;.
ePu; cs;s jlhfj;jpny gy tifahd kPd;fSk; jtisfSk; jhtpf;Fjpf;Fk;
nghJ Vw;gLk; Xiria xj;j `rsg; jsg;~ vd;w rj;jj;Jld; nj=;fpf; fple;j ePu;f;
Fl;ilapy; FHe;ijfs; Fjpj;J tpisaho kfpH;e;jdu;.
mikjpahd ePnuhl;lk; bfhz;l ejpahdJ ,Gj;J tUk; rpWrpW fl;il
kw;Wk; ,ju bghUl;fs; nghyf; FHe;ijfs; XLk; ePupy; fhfpjf; fg;gy;fis
tpl;L kfpH;e;jdu;.
33. ftp+u; fz;zjhrdpd; ftpijapy; vd;idf; ftu;e;j @d;W bjhlu;fs;:
`g[fH;e;jhy; vd;Dly; g[y;yupf; fhJ
,fH;e;jhy; vd;kdk; ,we;J tplhJ~
? jd;id xUtu; g[fH;tjpdhy; bgUkfpH;r;rpailtnjh/ ,fH;tjpdhy; kdk;
tUe;Jtnjh ,y;iy vd;gJ gz;gl;l kdj;jpw;Fr; rhd;whfpwJ.
`bry;tu;j=; ifapy; rpiwg;gl khl;nld;"
gjtp thSf;Fk; gag;gl khl;nld;-~
? vd;gjpypUe;J gznkh/ gjtpnah jd;id xUnghJk; moikg;gLj;j
,ayhJ vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;whf mikfpwJ.
`vt;btit jPik vt;btit ed;ik
vd;g jwpe;J VFbkd; rhiy-~
? ey;yJ vJ bfl;lJ vJ vd;gjwpe;J gFj;jwpt[ld; bray;gLtjw;Fr;
rhd;whfpwJ.
34. kdg;ghlk;:
m) md;id bkhHpna ? ghly;
md;id bkhHpna- mHfhu;e;j bre;jkpnH-
Kd;idf;Fk; Kd;id KfpH;e;j eW=;fzpna-
fd;dpf; Fkupf; fly;bfhz;l ehl;oilapy;
kd;dp murpUe;j kz;Qyfg; nguunr-
82   jkpH;
M) Kj;JFkhurhkp gps;isj;jkpH; ghly;
brk;bgh dor;rpW fp=; fpzpnahL rpyk;g[ fye;jhlj;
jpUtiu aiu+h ziukzp bahL bkhsp jpfHiu tlkhlg;
gl;l Ejw;bghyp bghl;nlhL tl;lr; Rl;o gjpe;jhl
35. myfpLjy;:
rPu; mir tha;ghL
C'iH'a[k; neu; neu; neu; njkh=;fha;
cg;'gf;'fk; neu; neu; neu; njkh=;fha;
fhz;'gu; neu; neu; njkh
ciy'tpd;'wpj; epiu neu; neu; g[spkh=;fha;
jh'Hh neu; neu; njkh
J+w;]'W epiu neu; g[spkh
gtu; epiu kyu;
36. epuy;epiw mzp:
mzp ,yf;fzk;:
brhy;iya[k;/ bghUisa[k; tupirahf epWj;jp mt;tupirg;gona ,izj;Jg;
bghUs; bfhs;tJ epuy;epiw mzp vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W:
md;g[k; mwDk; cilj;jhapd; ,y;thH;f;if
gz;g[k; gaDk; mJ.
mzpg; bghUj;jk;:
,f;Fwspy; ``md;g[k; mwDk;~~ vd;w brhw;fis tupirahf epWj;jp ``gz;g[k;
gaDk;~~ vd;w brhw;fis Kiwglf; Twpa[s;sikahy; ,J epuy;epiw mzpf;Fr;
rpwe;j rhd;whFk;.
37. bfhz;LTl;Lg; bghUs;nfhs;:
xU bra;a[spy; gy mofspy; rpjwpf;fplf;Fk; brhw;fisg; bghUSf;F Vw;wthW
xd;nwhblhd;W Tl;og; bghUs;bfhs;tJ bfhz;LTl;Lg; bghUs;nfhs; MFk;.
rhd;W:
`Myj;J nky Ftis Fsj;Js
thypd; beoa Fu=;F~ ? kapiyehju; ciu
nkw;fz;l ghlypy; cs;sthW bghUs; bfhs;shky;/ Myj;J nky Fu=;F/
Fsj;Jy Ftis ? vd;W fUj;ijf;bfhz;L m=;Fkp=;Fk; bfhz;L bghUs;
bfhs;Sk; tifapy; mike;jpUg;gjhy; ,BJ bfhz;L Tl;Lg; bghUs;nfhSf;Fr;
rhd;W Mapw;W.
84   jkpH;
ehl;L tsk; kf;fs; tsk;

Xilfs; kl;Lk; fyf;fkila[k;. kf;fs; fyf;fk; miltjpy;iy.
kh=;fha; kl;Lk; tLg;gLk;. kf;fs; tLg;gLtjpy;iy.
kyu;fs; kl;Lk; gwpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. kf;fs; cupik gwpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
fhLfs; kl;Lk; (bfhoatdha;) bfho kf;fs; bfhoatuha; ,y;iy.
cilajha; ,Uf;Fk;.
tz;Lfs; kl;Lk; fs;(njd;) cz;L kf;fs; fs; cz;gjpy;iy.
ka=;Fk;.
kiy @=;fpy; kl;Lnk btWikaha; kf;fspilna btWik ,y;iy.
,Uf;Fk;.
taypy; bew;fjpu;fs; kl;Lk; nghuhf nrhHehl;oy; nghu; ,y;iy.
vGfpd;wd.
ePz;l kiyfis ,Us; ehl;oy; tWik ,Us; ,y;iy.
NH;e;jpUf;fpd;wd.
khd;fspd; fz;fs; kUs;fpd;wd. kf;fs; fz;fspy; kUl;rpapy;iy.
Fsj;J kPd;fs; gpwH;e;J bry;fpd;wd. kf;fs; epiy gpwH;tjpy;iy.
brtpypanu rpd=;bfhs;tu;. ntW ahUk; rpdk; bfhs;tjpy;iy.
g[ytu; ghl;oy; bghUs; kiwe;J nrhHehl;oy; ahUk; bghUis
,Uf;fpwJ. kiwg;gjpy;iy.
,irg;ghznu bjUtpy; To kf;fs; bjUtpy; MLtjpy;iy.
Mog;ghLtu;.
kd;ddpd; rpwg;g[k; bgUika[k;:
kd;dd; kf;fSf;Ff; fhty; bja;tkhf/ jhahf/ je;ijahf ,Uf;fpwhd;.
kfd; ,y;yhnjhu;f;F kfdhf ,Uf;fpwhd;. cyf capu;fSf;F capuhf/ tpHpahf/
bka;ahf/ g[fH; bgw;w E}yhf g[fH; midj;Jf;Fk; jiytdhf tps=;Ffpwhd;.
Kot[iu:
nrhH murdpd; bgUikiaa[k; mtd; fhyj;jpy; ehL bgw;wpUe;j tsj;ija[k;
bka;f;fPu;j;jpg;ghly; eak;gl ciuf;fpwJ.
39. m) kuk; ,aw;ifapd; tuk; ? fl;Liug; nghl;o ? ez;gDf;F thH;j;J kly;:
ghu;f;f: muR khjpup tpdhj;jhs; 2019?20 ? tpdhj;jhs; 1 ? tp.vz;: 39 (M).
M) jiyik MrpupaUf;Ff; fojk; vGJjy;
mDg;g[eu;
khztu;fs;/
muR cau;epiyg;gs;sp/
brd;id ? 18.
bgWeu;
jiyikahrpupau; mtu;fs;/
muR cau;epiyg;gs;sp/
brd;id ? 18.
Iah/
bghUs;: gs;spj; J}a;ik Fwpj;j bray; jpl;l tiut[ xg;g[jy; tH=;fp
bray;gLj;j ntz;Ljy; ? rhu;ghf.
tzf;fk;- eh=;fs; muR cau;epiyg; gs;spapy; gj;jhk; tFg;g[ goj;J tUfpnwhk;.
fle;j 4 Mz;Lfshf ek; gs;spia khztu;fshfpa eh=;fs; ed;F ftdpj;J
tUfpnwhk;. mjd; @yk; ek; gs;sp khztu;fspd; fw;wy; milt[fSf;Fj; jilahf
,Uf;Fk; fhuzpfisg; gw;wp Ma;t[ bra;J te;njhk;. mtw;iw xU bray; jpl;lkhf
jahupj;Jj; j=;;fs; ghu;itf;F mDg;gp cs;nshk;. mjd; gupe;Jiufis Muha;e;J
mjw;F xg;g[jy; tH=;;fp ek; gs;spapy; bray;gLj;jp khztu;fshfpa v=;fs; fy;tp
eyida[k; tU=;;fhy jiyKiwapdupd; fy;tp eyida[k; fhf;FkhW gzpt[ld;
ntz;Lfpnwhk;.
ed;wp-
,lk; : brd;id ,g;gof;F/
ehs; : 26.08.2022 muR cau;epiyg;gs;sp khztu;fs;.
bjhiyf;fhl;rp epfH;t[fisna ghu;j;Jf; bfhz;oUf;Fk; jk;gp.
jpwd;ngrpapnyna tpisahof; bfhz;oUf;Fk; jk;gp.
fhbzhyp tpisahl;Lfspy; @H;fpapUf;Fk; njhHd;;.
vg;nghJk; r@f Clf=;fspy; ,a=;fpago ,Uf;Fk; njhHp.
mUfpy; ,Uf;Fk; kdpju;fnshL ngrhJ/ etPd Clf=;fSf;F ,iuahfpg;
nghd kdpju;fis ,g;glk; Rl;of; fhl;LfpwJ.
41. E}yf cWg;gpdu; gotk;.
ghu;f;f: PTA 3 - tpdhj;jhs; 4 ? tpdh vz;: 41.
42. m) gs;spapYk; tPl;oYk; ehd; ele;Jbfhs;Sk; Kiwfs;:
gs;spapy; ehd; tPl;oy; ehd;
neuj;ijr; rupahff; filg;gpog;ngd;. tPl;Lg; gzpfisg; gfpu;e;J bra;ntd;.
cld;gapYk; khztupd; jpwikiag; mk;kht[ld; nru;e;J gzpfisr;
ghuhl;Lntd;. bra;ntd;.
vdf;F bjupahjtw;iw bjupe;j ghlj;bjhlu;ghd Ia=;fis vdJ
khztu;fsplk; nfl;L bjupe;J cld;gpwe;jtu;fsplk; nfl;L bjupe;J
bfhs;nwd;. bfhs;ntd;.
tFg;giwj; J}a;ikapy; ftdk; tPl;Lj; J}a;ikapy; ftdk;
brYj;Jntd;. brYj;Jntd;.
M) jiyg;g[: cHtpd; rpwg;g[
Kd;Diu:
`cHt[ ,y;iynay; cyfk; ,y;iy~ tptrhap jdf;F ntz;oa czit
cw;gj;jpr; bra;J gpwUf;Fk; czit cw;gj;jpr; bra;J jUfpd;wdu;. ,g;gog;gl;l
tptrhapd; cHt[f;F capql;Lnthk; vd;w tifapy; rpy fUj;Jfisf; fhz;nghk;.
gz;ghl;od; kFlk;:
cGjtd; fzf;F ghu;j;jhy; cHf;F Tl kp+;rhJ vd;gJ gHbkhHp. Mk;
midtUk; fzf;F ghu;g;gJ nghy cGfpd;wtDk; fzf;Fg; ghu;j;jhy; czt[
Tl kp+;rhJ.
xsitahu;/ ,sturnu thH;f vd;W thH;j;jtpy;iy. munr cd; tug;g[fs; cau;f
vd;W jhd; thH;j;Jthu;.fhuzk;/ tug;g[au ePUaUk;/ ePUau bey;YaUk;/ bey;Yau
Foa[aUk;/ Foa[au nfhDau;thd; vd;w cHitna ctikahff; TWthu;.
cHtpd; rpwg;g[fs;:
cyfpy; eilbgWk; bjhHpy;fspy; jiyikj; jd;ik tha;e;jJ cHt[j; bjhHpy;
vdyhk;. ,jdhy;jhd;/ ~RHd;Wk; Vu;g; gpd;dJ cyfk;~ (1031) vd;W ts;Stu;
Twpdhu;.
cHt[j; bjhHpypd; nkd;ikia czu;e;nj murh=;fKk; ntshz;ik
cw;gj;jpiag; bgUf;Fk; tifapy; Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;l=;fs; cs;spl;l ey;y
gy jpl;l=;fspd; tHpahft[k;/ jw;fhyj;jpy; mjw;F khw;whf epjp Mnahf;fpd;
thapyhft[k; ntshz; Jiwf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspj;J tUfpwJ.
cHtnu rpwe;jtu;:
cGjyhfpaj; bjhHpiyr; bra;a[k; ntshz; kf;fns cupiknahL
thH;fpd;wdu; vd;W vz;zj;jf;ftu;fs;. kw;w gzpfisr; bra;gtu;fs; vy;yhk;
ahiuahtJ bjhGJ/ j=;fspd; bjhHpiyr; bra;J tUgtu;fs; Mfpd;whu;fs;.
Kot[iu:
cyfj;jpw;F mr;rhzp nghd;wtu;fs; cHtu;fs;. mtu;fspd; csk; kfpH
epybkd;Dk; jha; jhdpa tsj;ij ms;sp tH=;fpf; bfhz;nl ,Uf;fl;Lk;.
***
90   jkpH;
tpdhj;jhs;
tFg;g[: X jkpH; 6
1. bra;jp ? 1 : xt;nthu; Mz;Lk; $%d; 15Mk; ehis cyff; fhw;W ehshff;
bfhz;lho tUfpnwhk;.
bra;jp ? 2 : fhw;whiy kpd; cw;gj;jpapy; ,e;jpahtpy; jkpHfk; ,uz;lhkplk;
vd;gJ vdf;Fg; bghUikna vd;fpwJ fhw;W.
bra;jp ? 3 : fhw;wpd; Mw;wiyg; gad;gL;j;jpf; fly;fle;J tzpfk; bra;J mjpy;
btw;wp fz;ltu;fs; jkpHu;fs;-
m) bra;jp 1 kw;Wk; rup M) bra;jp 1/2 Mfpad rup
,) bra;jp 3 kl;Lk; rup <) bra;jp 1/3 Mfpad rup
2. r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fs;/ Ie;jpizfSf;Fkhd xGf;f=;fis ,U jpizfSk; gad;bgw
vLj;jpak;g[fpd;wd. ,j;bjhlupy; mike;Js;s bjhifr; brhw;fspd; bghUj;jkhd
tpupiaf; fz;lwpf.
m) Fwp+;rp/ Ky;iy/ bea;jy;/ ghiy ? ey;tpid/ jPtpid
M) Fwp+;rp/ Ky;iy/ kUjk;/ bea;jy;/ ghiy ? cau;jpiz/ mBwpiz
,) Fwp+;rp/ Ky;iy/ bea;jy;/ ghiy/ kUjk; ? mwk;/ bghUs;/ ,d;gk;
<) Fwp+;rp/ Ky;iy/ kiy/ fhL/ tay; ? gid/ jpiz
3. fufhl;lj;ijf; Fk;ghl;lk; vd;Wk; Flf;Tj;J vd;Wk; TWtu;. ,j;bjhlUf;fhd
tpdh vJ>
m) fufhl;lk; vd;why; vd;d>
M) fufhl;lk; vf;fhy=;fspy; eilbgWk;>
,) fufhl;lj;jpd; btt;ntW to=;fs; ahit>
<) fufhl;lj;jpd; ntW bgau;fs; ahit>
4. `tPl;ilj; Jilj;Jr; rhak; moj;jy;~ ,t;to Fwpg;gpLtJ .............
m) fhyk; khWtij M) tPl;ilj;Jilg;gij
,) ,ilawhJ mwg;gzp bra;jiy <) tz;zk; g{Rtij
5. `brd;wpLtPu; vl;Lj;jpf;Fk; ? fiyr;
bry;t=;fs; aht[k; bfhzu;e;jp=;F nru;g;gPu;~
? ghujpahupd; ,f;Tw;W czu;j;Jk; fUj;J ?
m) gyJiw E}y;fs; jkpHpy; cUthf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;.
M) gyfiyfs; jkpHpy; g[jpjhfj; njhd;w ntz;Lk;.
gFjp ?I
1. <) bra;jp 1/3 Mfpad rup 8. M) bgw;w Rje;jpuj;ijg;
2. M) Fwp+;rp/ Ky;iy/ kUjk;/ bea;jy;/ ngzpf;fhj;jy;
ghiy ? cau;jpiz/ mBwpiz 9. M) cUg[k; gaDk; cld;bjhf;fj;
3. <) fufhl;lj;jpd; ntW bgau;fs; bjhif
ahit> 10. M) ,iwtdplk; FynrfuhH;thu;
4. ,) ,ilawhJ mwg;gzp bra;jiy 11. m) jhkjg;gLj;Jjy;
5. m) gyJiw E}y;fs; jkpHpy; 12. <) jdpg;ghly; jpul;L
cUthf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;. 13. m) ,ul;Lw bkhHpjy; mzp
6. m) m ? 4/ M ? 3/ , ? 2/ < ? 1 14. M) fly;
7. <) `vd; j=;if te;jhs;~ vd;W 15. M) mzpfyd;
gRitf; Fwpg;gpLtJ
gFjp ? II
16.  fp.gp.Kjy; E}w;whz;oy; thH;e;j fpnuf;f khYkp \pg;ghy!;.
,tu; gUtf;fhw;wpd; cjtpahy; Krpwpj; JiwKfj;jpw;F g[jpa tHpiaf;
fz;Lgpoj;jhu;.
atdu; ,g;gUtf;fhw;wpw;F mijf; fz;Lgpoj;j \pg;ghy!; bgaiuna
Nl;odu;.
17.  ghrtu; ? btw;wpiy tpw;gtu;fs;
thrtu; ? eWkzg;bghUl;fis tpw;gtu;fs;
gy;epz tpiy+u; ? gy;tif ,iwr;rpfis tpiyTwp tpw;gtu;fs;
ckzu; ? cg;g[ tpw;gtu;
18. m) rhiy tpjpfspy; Kjd;ikahdJ vJ>
M) Cu;jp Xl;Lgtu; xt;bthUtUk; fl;lhakhff; ifapy; itj;jpUf;f ntz;oa
rhd;wpjH;fs; ahit>
19.  mwk; TWk; kd;w=;fs; murdpd; mwbewp Ml;rpj; Jizg[upe;jd.
mwk; TW mitak; gw;wp/ `mwk; mwf;fz;l bewpkhd; mitak;~ vd;fpwJ
g[wehD}W.
kJiuapy; ,Ue;j mitak; Jyhf;nfhy; nghy eLepiy kpf;fJ vd;fpwJ
kJiuf;fh+;rp.
20.  rhe;jkhdbjhU gpug+;rj;ijr; Rkf;fpd;w xy;ypj; jz;Lfs; vd;W
Fwpg;gplg;gLnthu; bgz;fs;.
,tu;fs; mikjpahd Kiwapy; ,t;t[yifj; jh=;fp epWj;j nghuhLk;
nghuhspfs; Mtu;.
98   jkpH;
21. gy;yhu; gifbfhsypd; gj;jLj;j jPikj;nj
ey;yhu; bjhlu;if tply;.
22. mwpnad; = mwp + a; + M + Vd;
mwp ? gFjp" a; ? re;jp" M ? vjpu;kiw ,ilepiy g[zu;;e;J bfl;lJ"
Vd; ? jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp.
23. `jk;gp/ v=;nf epw;fpwha;> jh=;fs; Twpa ,lj;jpy;jhd; mz;zd;- vjpnu xU njePu;
fil ,Uf;fpwJ~.
24. m) Epic Literature ? fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak; M) Folk Literature ? ehl;Lg;g[w ,yf;fpak;
25. jPtf mzpapd; tiffs;:
@d;W tifg;gLk;.
Kjy;epiyj; jPtfk;/ ,ilepiyj;jPtfk;/ filepiyj; jPtfk;.
26. m) Xof;bfhz;oUe;j kpd;tprpwp rl;bld epd;wJ. miwapy; cs;stu;fs; ngr;Rj;
jilg;gl;lJ.
M) miHg;g[ kzp xypj;jjhy;/ fay;tpHp fjitj; jpwe;jhu;.
27. bfhLg;gJ}ck;/ Ja;g;gJ}ck; ? ,d;dpir msbgil
28. ``njdpny Cwpa bre;jkpHpd; ? Rit
njWk; rpyg;gjp fhukij
Cdpny vk;Kapu; cs;sst[k; ? epjk;
Xjp a[zu;e;jpd; g[Wnthnk~~
gFjp ? III
29. m) gHe;jkpH; kf;fspd; fiy/ mHfpay;/ g[Jik Mfpatw;wpd; vr;r=;fis mwptjw;F
epfH;fiyfs; Jiz bra;fpd;wd.
 kf;fspd; ftiyiag; nghf;Ffpd;wd.
M)
rKjha epfH;t[fspd; Mtz=;fshft[k; bra;jpfisj; jUk; Clf=;fshft[k;
jpfH;fpd;wd.
rpw;W}u; kf;fspd; thH;tpay; epfH;t[fisg; gpupj;Jg; ghu;f;ff; TWfshfj;
,)
jpfH;git epfH;fiyfs;.
30. Kd;Diuapy; Kfk; fhl;Lk; b$afhe;jd;:
vGj;jhsu;/ xUtUila gilg;g[ nehf;fj;ija[k; gilg;g[ gh=;ifa[k;
thH;f;ifr; rpf;fy;fs; Fwpj;j fz;nzhl;lj;ija[k; czu;j;JtJjhd; Kd;Diu.
jd;Dila gilg;g[fSf;Fj; jhnd Kd;Diufs; vGjpf;bfhs;Sk;
b$afhe;jd;/ gpd;du; tutpUf;Fk; nfs;tpfSf;Fj; jUk; gjpy;fshf mtw;iw
Mf;fptpLthu;.
``xU njrj;jpd; xU ehfupfj;jpd; xU fhyj;jpd; xU tsu;r;rpapd; xU thH;f;ifapd;
ciufy; ,yf;fpak;. Xu; vGj;jhsd; Mj;k rf;jpnahL vGJfpwhnd mJ nftyk;
gpiHg;ngh my;yJ xU bjhHpnyh my;y. mJ xU jtk;. eP=;fs; fij vd;W
epidj;Jf; bfhz;oUf;fpwPu;fns mJ fhyj;jpd;/ xU thH;f;ifapd; rhrdk;~~
(1966) vd;W ghuPRf;Fg; ngh vd;Dk; g[jpdj;jpd; Kd;Diuapy; b$afhe;jd;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.
31. thiH ,iyapy; tpUe;J ? jkpHu; gz;ghl;Lf; TW:
jiythiH ,iyapy; tpUe;jpdUf;F cztspg;gJ ek; kughff;
fUjg;gLfpwJ.
cz;gtupd; ,lg;gf;fk; thiHapiyapd; FWfpa gFjpa[k;/ tyg;gf;fk;
,iyapd; tpupe;j gFjpa[k; tu ntz;Lk;.
,iyapd; ,lJ Xuj;jpy; cg;g[/ CWfha;/ ,dpg;g[ Kjyhditfisa[k;/ rpwpa
czt[ tiffisa[k; itj;jdu;.
,iyapd; tyJ Xuj;jpy; fha;fwp/ fPiu/ Tl;L Kjyhd czt[ tiffis
itg;gu;. eLtpy; nrhW itj;J vLj;Jz;z trjpahfg; gupkhWtu;.
32. Kjy; kiH tpGe;jt[ld; epfH;jy; ? Vu;g[jpjh> ftpij:
Kjy; kiH tpGe;jt[ld; epyk; <uj;jhy; gz;gl;lJ.
tpiue;J brd;W bghd; nghd;w Vupny fhisfisg; g{l;o/ epyj;ij cGjdu;.
Cf;fj;JlDk;/ typika[lDk; ciHj;jdu;. ehw;W el;ldu;.
nkYk; kiH bghHpa epyk; Fspu;e;jJ. ehw;Wfs; epkpu;e;J tsu;e;jd. fpHf;Fk;
btSj;jJ. ftiya[k; kwe;jJ.
33. etPd ftpijapy;:
g{tpd; bkd;ik/ mHF/ espdj;jd;ik/ vjw;Fk; tUe;jhky; rpupf;Fk; kyiug;
bgz;nzhL xg;gpl;Ls;shu;.
ehl;Lg;g[wg; ghlypy;:
bgz; bja;tkhfpa khupnahL xg;gpl;Lg; ghlg;gl;Ls;sJ.
etPd ftpij fUj;J ehl;Lg;g[wg; ghly; fUj;J
g{it ,Wf;fp Kor;rpl;lhy; khupahfpa bgz; bja;tj;jpw;Ff;
fhk;gpd; fGj;J KwptJ nghyg; ifahny g{g;gwpj;jhy; fhk;g[
bgz;fspd; fGj;J Kwpa[k;. mGfptpLk; vd;W ifahny
g{g;gwpf;ftpy;iy.
jsug; gpizj;jhy; kyu;fs; tpuyhy; g{g;gwpj;jhy; gadw;wjha;
jiuapy; eGt[tJ nghy bgz; btk;gptpLk; vd;W tpuyhy;
jsu;e;jhy; thH;t[k; eGt[k;. g{g;gwpf;ftpy;iy.
thrypny kuzk; te;J epd;whYk; nkw;fz;l fhuzj;jhy; khupahfpa
tUe;jhky; rpupf;Fk; g{itg; nghy bgz; bja;tj;Jf;Fj; j=;fj;
bgz;Qk; tUj;j=;fs; te;jnghJ Jul;o bfhz;L g{g;gwpj;jhu;.
mtw;iwr; Rikahff; fUjhky;
FLk;gj;ijf; fhg;ghs;.
nkw;fz;l ,U ghlypYk; bgz;iz kynuhL xg;gpl;Lg; ghLtij
mwpaKofpwJ.
39. m) cwtpdUf;Ff; fojk; vGJjy;.
jpUr;rp/
26.08.2022.
md;g[s;s rpj;jg;ghtpw;F/
,uF vGjpf;bfhs;tJ/ eyk; eykwpa Mty;.
ehd; ,d;W kpf;f kfpH;r;rpapy; ,Uf;fpnwd;. new;W tFg;g[ Koe;J btspna te;J
bfhz;oUe;njd; gs;spj;jplypy; xU gzg;ig fple;jJ. Inah ,t;tst[ gzk;
,Uf;fpwnj vd;W igia vLj;Jf; bfhz;L jiyik Mrpupauplk; bfhLj;njd;.
mtu; mYtyf CHpau; tNypj;j gzk; ,Urf;fu thfdj;jpy; bry;Yk;nghJ jtw
tpl;Ltpl;lhuhk; vd;whu;.
kWehs; rpwg;g[f; Tl;lj;ij Vw;ghL bra;J vd; neu;ikiag; ghuhl;o rd;khdj;
bjhifiag; guprhft[k;/ `neu;ikahsd; uF~ vd;W ghuhl;Lg; gj;jpuj;ija[k; vdf;Ff;
bfhLj;jhu;.
mJ kl;Lkpy;yhky; vd;idg; gs;sp khztu; jiytuhf;fpdhu;. neu;ikf;F
vg;nghJk; cau;t[ cz;L. mjw;F `,uFnt~ rhd;W vd;W vd;idg; ghuhl;odhu;.
,e;epfH;tpd; kfpH;r;rpia c=;fSlDk;/ rpj;jp/ j=;ifa[lDk; ,f;fojk; @yk;
gfpu;e;J bfhs;tjw;F kfpH;fpnwd;.
j=;fs; md;g[s;s/
,uF.k.
ciwnky; Kftup:
bgWeu;
tP. Mde;jd;/
72/ neU efu;/
nryk; ? 2.
M) khefuhl;rp MizaUf;Ff; fojk; vGJjy;
mDg;g[eu;
j. ,yf;fpad;/
5/ ghujp efu;/
nryk;?5.
bgWeu;
khefuhl;rp Mizau; mtu;fs;/
khefuhl;rp Mizau; mYtyfk;/
nryk;?1.
Iah/
bghUs;: fLk;g[aypd; ghjpg;gpypUe;J kPl;g[ eltof;if ntz;LtJ
bjhlu;ghf.
104   jkpH;
tzf;fk;.
fle;j thuk; tPrpa fLk;g[aypd; fhuzkhf v=;fs; gFjp kpFe;j ghjpg;g[f;Fs;shfp
cs;sJ. gy;ntW ,l=;fspy; ku=;fs; tpGe;Jk;/ rhiyfs; kpFe;j nrjkhfpa[k;/
kpd;fk;g=;fspy; Vw;gl;Ls;s gGjpd; tpisthf kf;fs; bgUk; ,d;diyr; re;jpj;J
tUfpd;wdu;. vdnt jh=;fs; mUs; Tu;e;J nghu;f;fhy mog;gilapy; kPl;g[
eltof;iffs; vLj;J cjtpaUs ntz;LkhW gzptd;g[ld; ntz;Lfpnwd;.
nryk; ,g;gof;F/
26.08.2022 j=;fs; cz;ika[s;s/
j. ,yf;fpad;.
ciwnky; Kftup:
bgWeu;
khefuhl;rp Mizau; mtu;fs;/
khefuhl;rp Mizau; mYtyfk;/
nryk;?1.
40. fhl;rpiaf; fz;L ftpDw vGJjy;:
V- khdplh......... V- khdplh g[j;jfg;ig Rkg;gJ nghy
vd;id (kuj;ij) mHpj;jha; capu;tspf;fhf
vdf;Fk; xU fhyk; tUk; vd;ida[k; eP Rkg;gha;.......
gs;spf;FHe;ijfs; capu;thH;tjw;F.
41. gzp tha;g;g[ ntz;o jd;tptug; gl;oay; epug;g[jy;.
ghu;f;f: muR khjpup tpdhj;jhs; 19?20 ? tpdhj;jhs; 1 ? tpdh vz; 41.
42. m) E}ypd; jiyg;g[ : ekf;Fs; rpy nfs;tpfs; E}ypd; ikag;bghUs;
ekf;Fs; vGk; mwpthu;e;j nfs;tpfSf;F ,iwad;g[tpd; MSikkpf;f
gjpy;fsha; ,e;E}y; mike;Js;sJ. bghJ mwpt[j; jfty;fs;/ thrfu;fs; kdepiy
nkk;gl brk;ikaila cjtpLk; E}yhf ,e;E}y; jpfH;fpwJ.
bkhHpeil:
E}ypy; cs;s midj;Jf; nfs;tpfSk; gjpy;fSk; gaDs;sitahf mike;J/
rpy vs;sy; Rita[lDk;/ gy thH;tpay; rpe;jidfis cs;slf;fpajhft[k; jpfH;e;J
midtUf;Fk; Vw;w bkhHpeiliaf; bfhz;ljhf ,e;E}y; tps=;FfpwJ.
rpwg;g[f;TW:
vGg;gg;gLk; nfs;tpfSf;F Vw;w gjpiy tH=;Ftjhf ,e;E}y; mike;Js;sJ.
rhd;W:
jkpiHf; fw;wjpy; ,d;iwa jiyKiwapd; Kaw;rp vt;thW cs;sJ>
M=;fpyj;ijj; jkpHpy; bkhHpbgau;j;j jiyKiw. ,g;nghJ thupRfSf;Fj;
jkpiH M=;fpyj;jpy; bkhHpbgau;j;Jf; fw;Wj; jUfpd;w epiyapy; ek; jha;bkhHpapd;
jiybaGj;J ,Uf;fpwJ. ,d;iwa ,isa jiyKiwapdupy; gyu; vdf;F
lkpy; rupah tuhJ vd;W ngRk; epiyapYk;/ jkpH; thrpf;fnt bjupahj epiyapYk;
,Ug;gJ btl;ff;nfL ,e;j mty epiy khw ntz;Lk;.
rpfpr;ir ,y;yhj nghijg; bghUs; vJ> g[fH;.
cz;ikjhd;. gyu; g[fH;nghijapy; miytijf; fz;Kd; fhz;fpnwhk;.
kdjpw;Fs; mtu;fisf; nfyp ngRfpd;nwhk;.
E}y; Mrpupau;:
KJKidtu; bt. ,iwad;g[/ ,.M.g.
M) bkhHpbgau;j;jy;:
kupahijf;Fupatu;fns-/ vd; bgau; ,s=;nfhtd;. ehd; gj;jhk; tFg;gpy;
gof;fpnwd;. ehd; jkpH; fyhr;rhuj;ijg; gw;wp rpy thu;j;ijfs; brhy;y te;jpUf;fpnwd;.
,uz;lhapuk; tUlj;jpw;F Kd; fyhr;rhuj;jpYk;/ ehfupfj;jpYk; rpwe;J
tps=;fpatu;fs; jkpHu;fs; vd;W r=;f ,yf;fpak; TWfpwJ. bkhHpf;F ,yf;fzk;
tFj;j jkpHnu thH;f;iff;Fk; ,yf;fzk; tFj;jdu;. jkpHu;fspd; fyhr;rhuk;
,e;jpah/ _y=;fh/ ,=;fpyhe;J/ knyrpah/ rp=;fg;g{u; kw;Wk; cyfbk=;Fk; cs;s
jkpHu;fspd; thH;f;ifj; juj;jpy; ntqd;wp cs;sJ. ek; fyhr;rhuk; gHikahdjhf
,Ue;jhYk; mJ rPuhd Kiwapy; nkk;gLj;jp cs;sJ. ehk; ek; fyhr;rhuj;ijg; gw;wp
bgUkpjk; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. midtUf;Fk; ed;wp-
gFjp ?V
43. m) r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fspd; mwf;fUj;Jfs; ,d;Wk; njitna:

r=;f ,yf;fpag; ghlyofs; fPH;f;fhQk; Ie;jpd; mog;gilapy; mwr;bra;jpfis
typa[Wj;JfpwJ.
tWik  epiyahd bry;tk;
neupa Ml;rp  tha;ik
<if
`,k;ikr; bra;jJ kWikf;F Mk; vDk;
mwtpiy tzpfd; Mma; my;yd;.....~ ? g[wehD}W
,g;gpwg;gpy; mwk; bra;jhy;/ mjd; gaid kWgpwg;gpy; bgwyhk; vd;w tzpf
nehf;fk; TlhJ. nehf;fk; ,d;wp mwk; bra;tnj nkd;ik.
`mwbewp Kjw;nw murpd; bfhw;wk;
mwd;bewp gpiHahj; jpwdwp kd;du;~
kd;dUila br=;nfhYk; btz; bfhw;wf; Fila[k; mwj;jpd; FwpaPLfshfg;
nghw;wg;gl;ld. murpd; br=;nfhy; nghd;W neupa Ml;;rpia nkw;bfhs;s
ntz;Lk;.
`bry;tj;Jg; gand <jy;~ ? g[wehD}W
tPuj;ijg; nghynt <ifiaa[k; jkpH; E}y; nghw;wpaJ. <ifa[k; Xu; mwr;brany.
bry;tj;jpd; gad; bfhLj;J kfpH;tnj vd;W thH;e;jdu;.
`rhd;nwhu; bry;tk; vd;gJ nru;e;njhu;
g[d;fz; m+;Rk; gz;gpd;
bkd;fz; bry;tk; bry;tk; vd;gJnt~ ? ew;wpiz
gpwu; Jd;gj;ijj; jd; Jd;gkhff; fUjp cjt[jny gz;g[. gpwu; Jd;gk; jPu;g;gnj
cz;ikahd bry;tk; MFk;.
108   jkpH;
fiyfs;/ Ma;t[ bewpfs;/ nfhl;ghLfs; Mfpa midj;ija[k; gpwbkhHpfspy;
khw;wk; bra;tnj bkhHpbgau;g;g[ MFk;.
bkhHpbgau;g;g[ E}y;fs;:
`gpw ehl;L ey;ywp+u; rhj;jpu=;fs;
jkpH; bkhHp bgau;j;jy; ntz;Lk;~
bgU=;fij/ rPtfrpe;jhkzp/ fk;guhkhazk;/ tpy;ypghujk; Mfpa fhg;gpa=;fs;
tlbkhHp fijfisj; jGtp gilf;fg;gl;ld. nrf;!;gpaupd; ftpijfs; b$u;kd;
bkhHpapy; bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gl;ld. jhTupd; fPjh+;ryp E}y; M=;fpyj;jpy;
bkhHp bgau;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd. thy;fhtpypUe;J f=;if tiu vd;w E}y; jkpHpy;
bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;go vz;zw;w bkhHpfspy; ,Ue;J jkpH; bkhHpf;F
bkhHpbgau;g;g[ E}y;fs; te;Js;sd.
ghujpapd; fdt[:
rhfpj;jpa mfhbjkp epWtdKk; njrpa g[j;jf epWtdKk; gy bkhHpfspypUe;J
ey;y gilg;g[fis vy;yh ,e;jpa bkhHpfspYk; bkhHpbgau;j;Js;sd. mt;tifapy;
jkpHpy; gy E}y;fs; cUthf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;. ,jidg; ghujpahu;/
`brd;wpLtPu; vl;Lj;jpf;Fk;- fiyr;
bry;t=;fs; aht[k; bfhzu;e;jp=;F nru;g;gPu;~ vd;whu;. ghujp TWtijj; jkpGyfk;
bray;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.
bkhHpbgau;g;g[f; fy;tp:
bkhHpbgau;g;igg; fiyahff; bfhs;shky; fy;tpahff; bfhs;sntz;Lk;.
bkhHpbgau;g;igf; fy;tpahf Mf;Ftjd; @yk; midj;Jyf mwpita[k; ehk;
vspjhf bgw Koa[k;. gs;spfs;/ fy;Y}upfs; kw;Wk; gy;fiyf;fHf=;fspy; gpw
bkhHpfisf; fw;Fk; tha;g;g[fs; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
Kot[iu:
`njkJuj; jkpnHhir cyfbky;yhk;
gut[k;tif bra;jy; ntz;Lk;~
gpwbkhHpfspy; ,Ue;J jkpHpYk; jk;pHpypUe;J gpwbkhHpfspYk; ,yf;fpa=;fs;
bgUf ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ghujpapd; Mir. mjid epiwntw;Wnthk;.
ngrf;Toa bkhHpfs; gythf ,Ug;gpDk; rpe;jid xd;Wilajhf cyfk;
Mf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F bkhHpbgau;g;g[f; fy;tp ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.
M) muRg; bghUl;fhl;rpf;Fr; brd;W te;j epfH;itg; gw;wpa fl;Liu:
ghu;f;f: PTA 2 - tpdhj;jhs; 3 ? tpdh vz;: 45. (M)
***
tpdhj;jhs;
tFg;g[: X jkpH; 7
1. ``ghL,kpH; gdpf;fly; gUjp~~ vd;Dk; Ky;iyg;ghl;L mo czu;j;Jk; mwptpay;
bra;jp ?
m) fly;ePu; Mtpahfp nkfkhjy; M) fly;ePu; Fspu;r;rp miljy;
,) fly;ePu; xypj;jy; <) fly;ePu; bfhe;jspj;jy;
2. Ky;iy epykf;fspd; czt[g; bghUs;fs;
m) btz;bey;/ tuF M) kiybey;/ jpiz
,) tuF/ rhik <) kPd;/ bre;bey;
3. ``fhypd; VHog; gpd; brd;W~~ ? vd;Dk; bghUeuhw;Wg;gil czu;j;Jk; bra;jp ?
m) tpUe;jpdupd; fhiyj;bjhl;L tz=;fpdu;.
M) tpUe;jpdiu VG mo tiu brd;W tHpaDg;gpdu;
,) vGtu; tpUe;jpdupd; gpd; brd;W tHpaDg;gpdu;.
<) VGehs;fs; tpUe;jspj;Jg; gpd; tpUe;jpdiu tHpaDg;g[tu;.
4. xapyhl;lj;jpy; ,Utupirapy; epd;W MLfpd;wdu;.
? ,j;bjhlupd; brag;ghl;L tpidj;bjhlu; vJ>
m) xapyhl;lj;jpy; ,Utupirapy; epd;W MLtu;.
M) xapyhl;lj;jpy; xUtupirapy; epd;W Mlg;gLfpwJ.
,) xapyhl;lk; xUtupirapy; epd;W Mlg;gLfpwJ.
<) xapyhl;lk; ,Utupirapy; epd;W Mlg;gLfpd;wdJ.
5. md;ghy; fl;odhu;. mwp+Uf;Fg; bghd;dhil Mfpa brhw;bwhlu;fspy; bghUis
ntWgLj;jf; fhuzkhf miktJ ?
m) ntw;Wik cUg[ M) vGtha;
,) ctk cUg[ <) cupr;brhy;
6. Fkup khtl;lg; nghuhl;lj;ij Kd;bdLj;Jr; brd;wtu; .............
m) jpU.gpufhrk; M) khu;&y; V.nerkzp
,) jdpehafk; mofs; <) e.Kj;Jrhkp
7. fhyf;fzpjk; ftpijapy; ,lk;bgw;w bjhlu; .............
m) ,fH;e;jhy; vd;kdk; ,we;JtplhJ.
M) vd;kdk; ,fH;e;jhy; ,we;JtplhJ.
,) ,fH;e;jhy; ,we;JtplhJ vd;kdk;.
<) vd;kdk; ,we;JtplhJ ,fH;e;jhy;.
110   jkpH;
8. btspehl;oy; ntiy bra;Jf;bfhz;oUf;fk; jhiag; gpupe;jpUf;Fk; kfs; .............
tUe;jpf;bfhz;oUe;jhs;. ? bjhlupy; tpLgl;l ,lj;jpy; bghUj;jkhd ctikiag;
gad;gLj;jpj; bjhliu epiwt[ bra;f.
m) jhkiu ,iy ePu;nghy;
M) thiHao thiHahf
,) fz;zpidf; fhf;Fk; ,ik nghy
<) kiHKfk; fhzhg; gapu;nghy
9. btBBFthu;f;fpy;iy/ cudir, ? ,r;brhw;fspy; cs;s msbgilfs;
m) xw;wsbgil/ brhy;ypirasbgil
M) ,d;dpir msbgil/ brhy;ypir msbgil
,) brhy;ypir msbgil/ xw;wsbgil
<) xw;wsbgil/ ,d;dpir msbgil
10. ``fhw;Ws;snghnj J}w;wpf;bfhs;~~ ?,g;gHbkhHp czu;j;Jk; rupahd bghUs;.
m) fhyk; tUbkd;W fhj;jpUe;jhy; bray; bfl;LtpLk;.
M) cupa fhyj;jpy; xU braiy KGikahfr; bra;Jtpl ntz;Lk;.
,) cupa fhyj;jpy; fhw;iwg;nghy; bray;gl ntz;Lk;.
<) cupa fhyj;ij czu;e;J cupa braiyj; njlntz;Lk;.
11.
cyfnk tWika[w;whYk; bfhLg;gtd; vd;Wk;/ bghUs;fspd; ,Ug;igf; Tl
mwpahky; bfhLg;gtd; vd;Wk; ghuhl;lg;gLnthu; ?
m) cjpad;" nruyhjd; M) mjpad;" bgU+;rhj;jd;
,) ngfd;" fps;sptstd; <) beL+;brHpad;" jpUKof;fhup
ghliyg;goj;J gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F (12/13/14/15) tpil jUf.
``tpRk;gpy; CHp CH; CH; bry;yf;
fU tsu; thdj;J ,irapy; njhd;wp/
cU mwpthuh xd;wd; CHpa[k;
ce;J tsp fpsu;e;j CHp CH; CHpa[k;~~
12. CH; CH; ? ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[
m) ,ul;ilf;fpstp M) gz;g[j;bjhif
,) mLf;Fj;bjhlu; <) tpidj;bjhif
13. ghlypd; Mrpupau;
m) fPue;ijahu; M) g{j+;nre;jdhu;
,) eg;g{jdhu; <) FynrfuhH;thu;
14. ghlypy; czu;j;jg;gLk; fUj;J
m) jj;Jtf; fUj;J M) mwptpay; bra;jp
,) epiyahik <) murpay; mwk;
15. tpRk;g[/ ,ir/ CHp ? ghlypy; ,r;brhw;fs; czu;j;Jk; bghUs;fs; Kiwna
m) fhw;W/ Xir/ fly; M) nkfk;/ ,o/ MHk;
,) thdk;/ ngbuhyp/ a[fk; <) thdk;/ fhw;W/ fhyk;
112   jkpH;
gFjp ? III (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 18)

gpupt[ ? 1
29. èPu;~ jd;idg;gw;wp ngrpdhy; ............. c=;fs; fw;gidapy; MW jiyg;g[fs; jUf.
jkpH;/ nghupYk; mwbewpfisg; gpd;gw;wpdu;. nghu; mwk; vd;gJ tPukw;nwhu;/
g[wKJfpl;nlhu;/ rpwhu;/ Kjpnahu; Mfpnahiu vjpu;j;Jg; nghu; bra;ahikiaf;
Fwpf;fpwJ. nghupd;; bfhLikapypUe;J gR/ ghu;g;gdu;/ bgz;fs;/ nehahsu;/
g[jy;tiug; bgwhjtu; MfpnahUf;Fj; jP=;F tuhky; nghu; g[upa ntz;Lk; vd;W
xU ghly; TWfpwJ. jk;iktpl typik Fiwe;jhnuhL nghu; bra;tJ TlhJ
vd;gij Mt{u; @y=;fpHhu; Fwpg;gpl;oUf;fpwhu;.
m) Mt{u; @y=;fpHhupd; nghu; mwk; ahJ>
M) nghu; mwk; vd;gJ vjidf; Fwpf;fpwJ>
,) ahUf;bfy;yhk; jP=;F tuhjtz;zk; nghu; g[upa ntz;Lk;>
31. ``jiyiaf; bfhLj;njDk; jiyefiuf; fhg;nghk;~~
? ,lk; Rl;og; bghUs; tpsf;Ff.
gpupt[ ? 2
32. ``rpj;jhspd; kdr;Rikfs;
br=;fw;fs; mwpahJ~~
? ehTu;qkp btspg;gLj;Jk; kdpjj;ij mtuJ ftpij tHpahff; Fwpg;gpLf.
33. ``khshj fhjy; nehahsd; nghy;~~ vd;Dk; bjhlupy; cs;s ctik Rl;Lk; bra;jpia
tpsf;Ff.
m) ``J}Rk; JfpUk; MuKk; mfpYk;~~ vdj;bjhl=;Fk; rpyg;gjpfhug; ghly;.
(my;yJ)
M) ``md;idbkhHpna~~ vdj;bjhl=;Fk; bgU+;rpj;jpudhupd; ghly;.
gpupt[ ? 3
35. ``gz;vd;dhk; ghlw; fpiagpd;nwy; fz;vd;dhk;
fz;nzhl;lk; ,y;yhj fz;~~ ? ,f;Fwl;ghtpid myfpl;L tha;g;ghL fhz;f.
36. jPtf mzpia tpsf;fp/ mjd; tiffis vGJf.
37. btz;ghtpd; bghJ ,yf;fzj;ij vGJf.
gFjp ? IV (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 25)
38. m) `Kjy; kiH tpGe;jJk;~ ? bjhlu;e;J epfGk; cHt[r; bray;fis `Vu; g[jpjh>~
ftpij bfhz;L tptupj;J vGjp/ `bghd;ndu; g{l;Ljy; jkpHu; gz;ghl;od;
kFlk;~ vd;gija[k; tpsf;Ff.
(my;yJ)
M) jkpiHa[k; fliya[k; xg;gpl;L ,ul;Lw bkhHpjiy re;jf;ftpkzp jkpHHfdhu;
tHp epd;W tpsf;Ff.
39. m) Xl;Leu; cupkk; bgw;Ws;s cwtpdUf;F/ Kf;fpar; rhiy tpjpfis tpsf;fp/
mtw;iwf; filgpof;f typa[Wj;jpf; fojk; xd;W vGJf.
(my;yJ)
M) `gs;spj;J}a;ik ? bray;jpl;lk; xd;iw cUthf;fp khztu;fspd; rhu;ghf
khztu; jiytuhd eP=;fs;/ c=;fs; gs;spapd; jiyahrpupaUf;F fojk; vGJf.
40. glk; czu;j;Jk; fUj;ij Ie;J bjhlu;fspy; btspg;gLj;Jf.
41. bfhLf;fg;gl;l nky;epiy nru;f;if tpz;zg;gg; gotj;jpidg; g{u;j;jp bra;f.

nky;epiy tFg;g[ ? nru;f;if tpz;zg;gg; gotk;
nru;f;if vz;: ehs;;: tFg;g[k; gpupt[k;:
1. khztupd; bgau; :
2. gpwe;j ehs; :
3. njrpa ,dk; :
4. bgw;nwhu; ' ghJfhtyu; bgau; :
5. tPl;L Kftup :
7. gapd;w bkhHp :
9. gj;jhk; tFg;gpy; bgw;w kjpg;bgz;fs; :
nju;tpd; bgau; gjpt[ vz; ? Mz;L ghlk; kjpg;bgz; (100)
jkpH;
M=;fpyk;
fzpjk;
mwptpay;
r@f mwptpay;
bkhj;jk;
10. khw;Wr; rhd;wpjH; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sjh> :
11. jha;bkhHp :
12. nrutpUk;g[k; ghlg;gpupt[k; gapw;W bkhHpa[k; :
khztupd; ifbaGj;J
Fg;igiaf; fpswpdhYk; jdJ czit kl;Lnk vLj;Jf;bfhs;Sk; nfhHp
? fz;Qf;Fj; bjupahtpl;lhYk; cg;gpd; Ritia czuKoa[k; ? Mrpupau;
tpsf;fk; ? khztd; kfpH;r;rp.
45. m) tpRk;gpd; Jspa[k; gRk;gy; jiya[k; ? fhw;W khR ? gRikiaf; fhz;nghk; ? kuk;
ekf;F tuk; ? kiHePu; capu; ePu;
? ,f;Fwpg;g[fisg; gad;gLj;jp `,aw;ifiag; fhg;nghk;~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy;
fl;Liu vGJf.
(my;yJ)
M) Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L fl;Liu xd;W gilf;f.
Fwpg;g[fs;: Kd;Diu ? ,yf;fpak; fhl;Lk; mwk; ? mwj;jhd; tUtnj ,d;gk; ?
mwthH;nt gz;ghl;od; cr;rk; ? mwk; vd;gnj kdpjk; ? Kot[iu.
***
gFjp ?I
1. m) fly;ePu; Mtpahfp nkfkhjy; 9. m) xw;wsbgil/
2. ,) tuF/ rhik brhy;ypirasbgil
3. M) tpUe;jpdiu VG mo tiu 10. M) cupa fhyj;jpy; xU braiy
brd;W tHpaDg;gpdu;. KGikahfr; bra;Jtpl
4. <) xapyhl;lk; ,Utupirapy; epd;W ntz;Lk;.
Mlg;gLfpd;wJ. 11. <) mjpad;" bgU+;rhj;jd;
5. m) ntw;Wik cUg[ 12. ,) mLf;Fj;bjhlu;
6. M) khu;&y; V. nerkzp 13. m) fPue;ijahu;
7. m) ,fH;e;jhy; vd;kdk; 14. M) mwptpay; bra;jp
,we;JtplhJ. 15. ,) thdk;/ngbuhyp/a[fk;
8. <) kiHKfk; fhzhg; gapu;nghy
gFjp ? II
16. m) bkhHp tsu;r;rpf;F g[Jf;TWfis cUthf;FtJ vJ>
M) ve;bje;j bkhHpfspy; jkpH; E}y;fs; bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd>
17.  fhyf;fGij fl;blWk;ghdJ vd;gJ fhyk; khwp taJ Kjpu;jiyf; Fwpg;gJ
MFk;.
taJ Kjpu;e;J clYk; cly; cWg;g[fSk; tYtpHe;jhYk; mwg;gzpiaj;
bjhlu;e;J bra;fpwhu;.
18.  braw;if Ez;zwpthy; ,a=;Fk; nghf;Ftuj;J Cu;jpfs;.
rikay; bra;a[k; braw;if Ez;zwpt[ ve;jpuk;.
30. m) nghu; mwk; vd;gJ tPukw;nwhu;/ g[wKFfpl;nlhu;/ rpwhu;/ Kjpnahu; Mfpnahiu
vjpu;j;Jg; nghu; bra;ahikiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ.
M) jk;iktpl typik Fiwe;jhnuhL nghu; bra;tJ TlhJ.
,) gR/ ghu;g;gdu;/ bgz;fs;/ nehahsu;/ g[jy;tiug; bgwhjtu; MfpnahUf;Fj;
jP=;F tuhky; nghu; g[upa ntz;Lk; vd;W ,yf;fpa=;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.
31. ,lk;Rl;og; bghUs; tpsf;fk;:
,lk;:
`k.bgh.rp~apd; jd; tuyhw;Wg; gFjpapy; rpw;wfy; xsp vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ,lk;
bgw;Ws;sd.
bghUs;:
Me;jpu khepyk; gpupa[k;nghJ brd;idjhd; mjd; jiyefuhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;
vd;W Me;jpu khepyj; jiytu;fs; tpUk;gpdu;. mjid vjpu;j;J k.bgh.rp. Twpa
Tw;W ,J.
tpsf;fk;:
khefuj; je;ij br=;fy;tuhad; jiyikapy; xU Tl;lj;ijf; Tl;odu;.
mg;bghGJ/ jkpH; khepyj;jpd; jiyefu; `brd;id~ vd;w jPu;khdj;ij
Kd;bkhHpe;jdu;.Kd;bkhHpe;J `jiyiaf; bfhLj;njDk; jiyefiuf; fhg;nghk;~
vd;W k.bgh.rp KH=;fpdhu;.
32. ehTu;qkp btspg;gLj;Jk; kdpjk;:
``mLj;jntis czt[f;fhf Rikfis ,wf;fhky; Rkf;Fk; ,tu;fspd;
kuzk;Tl rpwpjsnt rydj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. gy ,d;dy;fspd; eLnt jd;
thH;itj; bjhiyf;fhjpUf;f Rik Rkf;Fk; rpj;jhs;fspd; kdr;Rikiar;
br=;fw;fSk;/ fw;fSk; mwpahJ~~ vd ehTu;qgp rpj;jhs;fspd; kdr;Rikfs;
br=;fw;fs; mwpahJ vd;gjpd; @yk; btspg;gLj;Jfpwhu;.
33. khshj fhjy; nehahsd; nghy; ? ctik Rl;Lk; bra;jp:
clypy; Vw;gl;l g[z;:
kUj;Jtu; clypy; Vw;gl;l g[z;izj; Jd;gk; jUk;go fj;jpahy; mWj;Jr;
Rl;lhYk; mj;Jd;gk; jdf;F ed;ikna vd;W czu;e;J nehahsp kUj;Jtu; kPJ
md;g[ fhl;Lthu;.
eP=;fhj Jd;gk;:
tpj;Jtf;nfhl;oy; vGe;jUspapUf;Fk; md;idna- kUj;Jtiug; nghd;W
eP vdf;Fj; Jd;gj;ijj; je;jhYk;/ cd; moatdhfpa ehd; cd; mUisna
vg;bghGJk; vjpu;ghu;j;J thH;fpnwd;.
34. kdg;ghlk;
m) rpyg;gjpfhug; ghly;
J}Rk; JfpUk; MuKk; mfpYk;
khRmW Kj;Jk; kzpa[k; bghd;Dk;
mU=;fy btWf;ifnahL mse;Jfil mwpah
118   jkpH;
tsk;jiy ka=;fpa ede;jiy kWFk;"
ghy;tif bjupe;j gFjpg; gz;lbkhL
Tyk; Ftpj;j Ty tPjpa[k;"
M) md;idbkhHpna ghly;
md;id bkhHpna- mHfhu;e;j bre;jkpnH-
Kd;idf;Fk; Kd;id KfpH;e;j eW=;fdpna-
fd;dpf; Fkupf; fly;bfhz;l ehl;oilapy;
kd;dp murpUe;j kz;Qyfg; nguunr-
bjd;dd; kfns- jpUf;Fwspd; khz;g[fnH-
,d;dWk; ghg;gj;nj- vz; bjhifna- ew;fzf;nf-
kd;D+; rpyk;ng- kzpnk fiytont-
Kd;Dk; epidthy; KojhH thH;j;Jtnk-
35. myfpLjy;:
rPu; mir tha;ghL
gz;'vd;'dhk; neu; neu; neu; njkh=;fha;
gh'lw; neu; neu; njkh
fpia'gpd;'nwy; epiu neu; neu; g[spkh=;fha;
fz;'vd;'dhk; neu; neu; neu; njkh=;fha;
fz;'nzhl;'lk; neu; neu; neu; njkh=;fha;
,y;'yh'j neu; neu; neu; njkh=;fha;
fz;' neu; ehs;
36. jPtf mzp kw;Wk; jPtf mzpapd; tiffs;:
ghu;f;f: PTA 1 ? tpdhj;jhs; 2 ? tpdh vz;: 37.
37. btz;ghtpd; bghJ ,yf;fzk;:
btz;gh brg;gy; Xir bgw;W tUk;.
<w;wo Kr;rPuhft[k; Vida mofs; ehw;rPuhft[k; tUk;. ,aw;rPu;/ btz;rPu;
kl;Lnk gapd;W tUk;.
,uz;lo Kjy; gd;dpuz;L mo tiu mika[k;.
<w;Wr;rPu; ehs;/ kyu;;/ fhR/ gpwg;g[ vd;Dk; tha;ghl;oy; Koa[k;.
gFjp ? IV
38. `Kjy; kiH tpGe;jJk;~ ? `Vu; g[jpjh>~ ftpij bfhz;L tptupj;jy;.

cHtu; bgUkf;fis kdk; kfpHr;bra;a[k; tifapy; Kjy; kiH epyj;jpny
tpGe;J tpl;lJ.
kiHapdhy; ek; epyk; gz;gl;Ls;sJ.
nrhk;gypdhy; ,d;Dk; cw=;fpf; bfhz;L ,Uf;fhjPu;fs;.
tpoe;jJ vGe;J Viug;g{l;o taYf;F tpiue;J bry;.
fhL fiua[k; ekf;Fg; g[jpjd;W. fhisfSk; g[jpaitay;y. Vu; ekf;Fg;
g[jpjd;W.
bghd; Vu; bjhGJ/ khl;ilg; g{l;o epyj;ij cGnthk;.
kz;g[uSk; tifapy; cGnthk;.
kiH bghHpa[k; epyKk; FspUk;.
g[jpa Cf;fj;JlDk;/ g[jpa tYt[lDk; ciHg;nghk;.
ehw;W epkpu;e;J tsUk;. vy;iy bja;tk; ek;ikf; fhf;Fk;. ftiyfs; ,dp
,y;iy. g[jpa tpoaYf;F milahskha;f; fpHf;Fk; btSj;J tpl;lJ.
ntshz;ik brHpf;f/ khDlk; jiHf;f rpj;jpiuj; jp=;fspy; elj;jg;gLk;
gz;ghl;L epfH;t[ bghd; Vu; g{l;Ljy;~ jkpHu; gz;ghl;od; kFlk; MFk;.
M) jkpiHa[k; fliya[k; xg;gpLjy;:
ghly; mofs; jkpH; fly;
Kj;jkpH; Ja;g;gjhy; ,ay;/ ,ir/ ehlfk; Kj;jpid mkpH;e;J jUfpwJ.
Mfpa Kj;jkpHha;
tsu;e;jJ.
Kr;r=;fk; Kjy;/ ,il/ fil btz;r=;F/ ry+;ryk;/
fz;ljhy; Mfpa Kr;r=;f=;fshy; gh+;rrd;ak; Mfpa @d;W
tsu;f;fg;gl;lJ. tifahd r=;Ffisj; jUfpwJ.
bkj;j tzpfyKk; Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpa=;fs; kpFjpahd tzpff; fg;gy;fs;
nktyhy; mzpfydha;g; bgw;wJ. te;J brd;wJ.
(bkj;j mzpfyd;)
epj;jk; miz r=;fg;gyifapy; jd; miyahy; r=;fpidj;
fple;nj r=;fj;jtu; mku;e;J r=;fg;g[ytu;fs; jLj;J epWj;jpf; fhj;jJ.
fhf;f ghJfhj;jdu;.
39. m) Xl;Leu; cupkk; bgw;Ws;s cwtpdUf;F fojk; vGJjy;.
j+;rht{u;/
26.08.2022.
md;g[s;s khkh/
eyk;. eyk; mwpa Mty;.
jh=;fs; Xl;Leu; cupkk; bgw;Ws;sij vz;zp bgUkfpH;r;rp milfpnwd;.
Kf;fpar; rhiy tpjpfs; gw;wp vd;Dila gs;spapy; tpHpg;g[zu;t[ Kfhk; thapyhff;
fw;Wf; bfhz;lij ,f;fojj;jpy; j=;fSf;Ff; Fwpg;gpl tpUk;g[fpnwd;. rhiyfspy;
,lg;gf;fkhf kl;Lnk tz;ofis Xl;or; bry;y ntz;Lk;. rhiyfspd; Xu=;fspy;
,Uf;Fk; milahsg; gyiffisg; g[upe;J Cu;jpfis ,af;f ntz;Lk;. kfpGe;jpy;
bry;gtu;fs; fl;lhak; ,Uf;fg;gl;il mzpa ntz;Lk;. mJnt capu;g; ghJfhg;g[.
rptg;g[ tpsf;iff; fz;lt[ld; rhiyapy; epWj;jf; nfhl;Lf;F Kd;ghf Cu;jpia
epWj;j ntz;Lk;.
vdnt jh=;fSk; ,tw;iw kdj;jpy; epWj;jp tpgj;jpy;yhg; gazkhf mikj;Jf;
bfhs;s ntz;LkhW tpUk;g[fpnwd;.
njtp : ahUf;Fj; bjupa[k;> tU=;fhyj;jpy; ek; ehL braw;if epyhit epWtp
,utpy; thdj;jpy; tpsf;Ffis vupa itf;fyhk;.
kyu; : tU=;fhyj;jpy; epiwa ehLfs; ,t;tifahd braw;iff;nfhis epWt
,Ug;gjhf ehd; thrpj;Js;nsd;.
njtp : ey;y bra;jp ehk; braw;if epyit epWtpdhy; mJ nguHpt[ kw;Wk;
kpd;rhuk; ,y;yhj rkaj;jpy; xspa{l;o epthuz cjtpfisr; bra;a tHp
bra;fpwJ.
gFjp ?V
43. m) @d;W epfH;fiy fiy+u;fis neu;Kfk; fhzy;.
mwpKfk;:
epfH;fiy fiy+u;fspy; fufhl;lk;/ kapyhl;lk;/ bgha;f;fhy; Fjpiuahl;lk;
Mfpatw;iw epfH;j;jpf;fhl;Lk; fiy+u;fspd; neu;f;fhzy;.
fiyfs;:
jkpH;ehl;oy; Vwf;Fiwa 1/026 fiyfs; ,Ue;jjhfj; bjupfpwJ. Mdhy; mit
,d;iwf;F xt;bthd;whf kiwe;J tUtnjhL Fiwe;Jtpl;lija[k; mwpa
KofpwJ.
bgupa rthy;:
epfH;fiy fiy+u;fs; rpWrpW FGf;fshf xU=;fpizf;fg;glhky; vy;yh
khtl;l=;fspYk; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. vg;nghjhtJ fpilf;fpd;w tha;g;gpidg;
gad;gLj;jp epfH;fiyfis epfH;j;jpdhYk;/ mjdhy; thH;it elj;Jtjw;Fg;
nghJkhd tUkhdk; fpl;Ltjpy;iy.
bjhiyf;fhl;rp kw;Wk; etPd kpd;dQ Clf=;fs; nfhnyhr;Rfpd;w
,f;fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; ehl;Lg;g[wf; fiyfSk;/ mtw;iw epfH;j;Jfpd;w fiy+u;fSk;
bgupa rthy;fis vjpu;bfhs;Sk; mtyepiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;Ls;sdu;.
fhg;ghw;Wjy;:
muRk; kf;fSk; j=;fs; fiyfis Cf;Ftpj;J/ tha;g;gspj;J/ thH;thjhuj;jpw;F
cj;juthjkha; cjtpdhy; kl;Lnk fiyfisa[k;/ fiy+u;fisa[k; fhg;ghw;w
Koa[k;.
murpd; cjtp:
jkpHfbk=;Fk; cs;s fiy+u;fis xt;bthU fiyapd; mog;gilapYk;
Mtzg;gLj;jp mtu;fSf;F Kiwahd m=;fPfhuk; tH=;FtJ fpuhkk; fpuhkkhfj;
njor; brd;W fiyfs; gw;wpa jfty;fisr; nrfupj;J Mtzg;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.
vy;yhf; fiy+u;fSf;Fk; milahs ml;il tH=;fp Cf;Ftpg;g[ Cjpak;
tH=;fg;gl ntz;Lk;.
bra;a ntz;LtJ:
epfH;fiyfis Mtzg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;/ fiyfs; Fwpj;j tFg;g[fs;/
fUj;ju=;Ffs;/ tpthj=;fs;/ ciuahly; elj;jt[k; epfH;fiyfSf;fhd
122   jkpH;
jdpg;gy;fiyf;fHfk; mikf;fg;gl;L/ epfH;fiyfSf;fhd fiy+u;fs;
cUthf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;.
epiwt[:
jkpHupd; gz;ghl;L milahs=;fshf tps=;Fk; epfH;fiyfisa[k;/
fiy+u;fisa[k; Mjupj;Jf; fhf;f ntz;oa bghWg;g[ xt;bthU jkpHDf;Fk;
cupaJ vd;gJ jpz;zk;
M) vGj;jhsu; b$afhe;jdpd; `,d;bdhU Kfk;~.
vGj;jhsu; b$afhe;jdpd; `,d;bdhU Kfk;~ ? ftp+u;. b$afhe;jd; rpy
ftpijfisa[k; jpiug;ghly;fisa[k; gilj;jpUf;fpwhu;. mtuJ gilg;ghw;wypd;
,d;bdhU gf;fk; mJ.
gl;Lf;nfhl;il fy;ahzRe;juk; gw;wpa b$afhe;jdpd; ftpij:
``vz;zKk; vGj;Jk; cau;e;jpUf;Fk; ? ViH
fz;zPUk; ghlypny fye;jpUf;Fk;
gz;bzhL re;jKk; gha;e;J tUk; ? giHa
kz;zpd; thila[k; nru;e;J tUk;~~
bjhLj;j nfs;tpfSk; b$afhe;jd; bfhLj;j gjpy;fSk;:
nfs;tp : rpWfijfisg; gilg;gjpy; j=;fSila jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;j
jpwikia thrfu;fs; bfhz;lhLfpwhu;fns/ ,j;Jiwapy; jh=;fs;
filg;gpof;Fk; EQf;f=;fs; ahit> (ngl;o ? jpU. fpU&;zkzp/
1966)
gjpy; : EQf;fkh> mg;goj; jdpahf ehd; vija[k; ifahStjhf vz;zpr;
bra;tjpy;iy. vd; kdj;jhy;/ g[j;jpahy;/ czu;thy; ehd; mwpe;J
mDgtg;glhj vijg; gw;wpa[k; ehd; vGjpdjpy;iy. vd;idg; bgupJk;
ghjpg;git kdpj thH;tpd; gpur;rpidfns. vd;idg; bghWj;jtiuapy;
vGj;jhsDf;F mtDila gilg;g[fSf;F mog;gilahf mika
ntz;oaJ kdpj thH;tpd; gpur;rpidfns.
nfs;tp : c=;fs; ghu;itapy; Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpd; kfj;jhd rhjid vJ> kpfg;
bgupa rthy; vJ>
gjpy; : kfj;jhd rhjid ? bgw;w Rje;jpuj;ijg; ngzpf; fhj;jJ. kpfg; bgupa
rthYk; mJnt.
nfs;tp : ,e;j tajpy; njrk; bry;Yk; ghij/ vGj;Jyfj;jpd; nghf;F ,tw;iw
vy;yhk; ghu;f;Fk;nghJ vg;go ,Uf;fpwJ>
gjpy; : fhye;njhWk; khw;w=;fis ehk; ghu;f;fpnwhk;. ehKk; khwpf;bfhz;nl
,Uf;fpnwhk;.
44. m) fUe;Jis gw;wp !;Ogd; \hf;fpd; Tw;W:
ekJ ghy;tPjpapy; nfhof;fzf;fhd tpz;kPd;fs; xspu;fpd;wd. mtw;Ws;
+hapWk; xd;W. xU tpz;kPdpd; Ma[s; fhy Kotpy; cs;nehf;fpa <u;g;g[ tpir
TLfpwJ. mjdhy; tpz;kPd; RU=;fj; bjhl=;FfpwJ. tpz;kPd; RU=;fr; RU=;f
mjd; <u;g;ghw;wy; cau;e;Jbfhz;nl brd;W mstw;wjhfpwJ.
124   jkpH;
khztu;fs; ,UtUk; : tzf;fk; Iah-
Mrpupau; : tzf;fk;-
Ffd; : Iah- cs;ns tuyhkh>
Mrpupau; : thU=;fs;- te;jjd; fhuzk; TW=;fs;.
brHpad; : Iah/ thH;tpy; Kd;ndw rpy Fwpg;g[fisr; brhy;yp mwpt[iu TWfpnwd;
vd;wPu;fns... mjw;fhfj;jhd; te;njhk;.
Mrpupau; : ey;yJ. c=;fSf;F @d;W cjhuz=;fs; Twg;nghfpnwd;. Kjypy;
bfhf;ifg; nghy~ tha;g;g[ fpl;Lk; tiu bfhf;ifg; nghy fhj;jpUf;f
ntz;Lk;. tha;g;g[ fpl;oat[ld; rupahfg; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.
mijj;jhd; ts;Stu;/ `bfhf;bfhf;f~ vdg; ghoa[s;shu;.
Ffd; : rup=;f Iah- ,dpnky; eh=;fs; mtrug;gl;L vija[k; rpe;jpf;fhJ

bray;gl khl;nlhk;.
Mrpupau; : ,uz;lhtjhf/ `nfhHpiag; nghy;-~
brHpad; : Mkh=;f Iah- mbjd;d nfhHpiag; nghy;......
Mrpupau; : nfhHp/ Fg;igiaf; fpswpdhYk; Fg;igf;Fs; ,Ue;jhYk; jdf;Fj;
njitahd `czit kl;Lnk~ bfhj;jpj; jpd;Dk;. mJnghy ,e;j
rKjhaj;jpy; c=;fisf; bfLf;Fk; Fg;igfisg; nghy gy ,Ue;jhYk;
ckf;Fj; njitahd ed;kzpfis kl;Lk; nju;e;bjLj;J thH
ntz;Lk;.
,UtUk; : ed;whfg; g[upe;jJ Iah-
Mrpupau; : @d;whtjhf/ cg;igg; nghy...
Ffd; : Mk;. Iah/ `cg;igg;nghy~ vd;gjd; tpsf;fk; jhU=;fs;.
Mrpupau; : TWfpnwd;- cg;igf; fz;zhy; ghu;f;fyhk;. Ritia ehtpy;
,l;L czuyhk;. mJnghy xt;bthUtupd; btspj;njhw;wk;
vg;goapUg;gpDk;/ c=;fisr; rhu;e;jtupd; Fzeyd;fis Muha;e;J
czu;e;J mwpe;J ele;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. kpf beU=;fp ,Ue;jhYk;/
kpf J}uk; ,Ue;jhYk; Jd;ge;jhd;. cg;g[ FiwthdhYk; cz;z
KoahJ. mjpfkhdhYk; cz;z KoahJ. msnthL ,Ue;jhy;jhd;
Urpf;f Koa[k;. ehKk; msnthL ,Ug;nghk;.
,UtUk; : kpf;f kfpH;r;rp Iah- vk; mwpt[f; fz;fisj; jpwe;J eh=;fs; vg;go thH
ntz;Lk; vd;gija[k; bjspt[gLj;jp tpl;Ou;fs;.
ed;wp- Iah-
45. m) jiyg;g[: ,aw;ifiaf; fhg;nghk;
ghu;f;f: PTA 3 - tpdhj;jhs; 4 ? tpdh vz;: 45 (m).
jiyg;g[: mwj;jhd; tUtnj ,d;gk;
M)
ghu;f;f: PTA 2 - tpdhj;jhs; 3 ? tpdh vz;: 45 (m).
***
tpdhj;jhs;
muR tpdhj;jhs; ? brg;lk;gu; 2020
tFg;g[: X jkpH; 8
1.
cyfnk tWika[w;whYk; bfhLg;gtd; vd;Wk; bghUs;fspd; ,Ug;igf; Tl
mwpahky; bfhLg;gtd; vd;Wk; ghuhl;lg;gLnthu;
m) cjpad;" nruyhjd; M) mjpad;" bgU+;rhj;jd;
,) ngfd;" fps;sptstd; <) beL+;brHpad;" jpUKof;fhup
2. `khghujk; jkpH;g;gLj;Jk; kJuhg[upr; r=;fk; itj;Jk;~ vd;Dk; rpd;dkD}u;r;
brg;ngl;Lf; Fwpg;g[ czu;j;Jk; bra;jp
m) r=;f fhyj;jpy; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ ,Ue;jJ.
M) fhg;gpaf; fhyj;jpy; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ ,Ue;jJ.
,) gf;jp ,yf;fpaf; fhyj;jpy; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ ,Ue;jJ.
<) r=;fk; kUtpa fhyj;jpy; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ ,Ue;jJ.
3. `bgupa kPir~ rpupj;jhu; ? ,jpy; mike;Js;s bjhifapd; tif vJ>
m) gz;g[j; bjhif M) ctikj; bjhif
,) md;bkhHpj; bjhif <) ck;ikj; bjhif
4. `cdjUns ghu;g;gd; monand~ ? ahuplk; ahu; TwpaJ>
m) FynrfuhH;thuplk; ,iwtd; M) ,iwtdplk; FynrfuhH;thu;
,) kUj;Jtuplk; nehahsp <) nehahspaplk; kUj;Jtu;
5.
jpUts;Stu; mwpt[ilahu; vy;yhk; cilahu; vd;W mWjpapl;Lf; TWfpwhu;.
,j;bjhlUf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd epWj;jf; Fwpapl;l bjhliuj; nju;f.
m) jpUts;Stu;/ `mwpt[ilahu; vy;yhk cilahu;~ vd;W `mWjpapl;Lf;~
TWfpwhu;-
M) jpUts;Stu;/ `mwpt[ilahu; vy;yhk; cilahu;~ vd;W mWjpapl;Lf; TWfpwhu;.
,) jpUts;Stu;/ mwpt[ilahu; vy;yhk; cilahu; vd;W mWjpapl;Lf; TWfpwhu;-
<) `jpUts;Stu;~/ `mwpt[ilahu; vy;yhk; cilahu;~ vd;W mWjpapl;Lf; TWfpwhu;.
6. ``cdf;Fg; ghl;Lfs; ghLfpnwhk;
cdf;Fg; g[fH;r;rpfs; TWfpnwhk;~~ ? ghujpapd; ,t;tofspy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s ea=;fs;
ahit>
m) cUtfk;/ vJif M) nkhid/ vJif
,) Kuz;/ ,iag[ <) ctik/ vJif
126   jkpH;
7. fiyapd; fztdhft[k; rKjhaj;jpd; g[jy;tdhft[k; ,Ue;J vGJfpnwd;. ?
,f;Tw;wpypUe;J ehk; g[upe;J bfhs;tJ
m) jk; thH;f;ifapy; bgw;w tpist[fisf; fiyahf;fpdhu;
M) r@fg; ghu;itnahL fiyg;gzp g[upant vGjpdhu;
,) mwj;ijf; TWtjw;fhf vGjpdhu;
<) mHfpaYld; ,yf;fpak; gilj;jhu;
8. Fapy;fspd; Ttypir/ g[s;spd=;fspd; nka;r;rYk; gha;r;rYk;/ ,iyfspd;
mirt[fs;/ Niwf;fhw;wpd; Mnyhyk;
m) bkhl;od; tUif M) tdj;jpd; eldk;
,) capu;g;gpd; Vf;fk; <) ePupd; rpypu;g;g[
9. bghUe;Jk; tpil tupiriaj; nju;e;bjLf;f
1) tpidKw;W i) bfL
2) bjhHpw;bgau; ii) fl;L
3) Kjdpiyj; bjhHpw;bgau; iii) va;jy;
4) tpidao iv) te;jhd;
m) 1-iv, 2-iii, 3-ii, 4-i M) 1-iii, 2-i, 3-iv, 4-ii
,) 1-iv, 2-iii, 3-i, 4-ii <) 1-i, 2-iii, 3-ii, 4-iv
10. gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fSf;F ,izahd jkpH;r; brhw;fisj; nju;f.
juhrpd; ,uz;L jl;LfspYk; @d;W @d;W nfhy;L gp!;fl;Lfis <f;tyhf
ita[=;fs;.
m) j=;f gp!;fl;Lfisr; rupahf M) j=;ff; fl;ofis <f;tyhf
,) j=;ff; fl;ofis <lhf <) j=;ff; fl;ofis Kiwahf
11. ,Uehl;L muru;fSk; Jk;igg; g{itr; Nog; nghupLtjd; fhuzk; ??????.
m) ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;wy; M) Mepiu ftu;jy;
,) typikia epiyehl;ly; <) nfhl;ilia Kw;Wifaply;
brk;bgh dor;rpW fp=; fpzpbahL rpyk;g[ fye;jhlj;
jpUtiu aiu+h ziukzp bahL bkhsp jpfHiu tlkhlg;
gl;l Ejw;bghyp bghl;blhL tl;lr; Rl;o gjpe;jhlf;
fk;gp tpjk;bghjp Fz;ly K=;FiH fhJ kire;jhlf;
12. ghlypd; ,yf;fpa tif
m) gj;Jg;ghl;L M) rpw;wpyf;fpak;
,) vl;Lj;bjhif <) gjpbdd;fPH;f;fzf;F
13. `fpz;fpzp~ vd;Dk; mzpfyd;
m) ,ilapy; mzptJ M) jiyapy; mzptJ
,) fhypy; mzptJ <) bew;wpapy; mzptJ
14. Fz;lyKk; FiHf;fhJk; ? ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[ jUf.
m) vz;Qk;ik M) ck;ikj; bjhif
,) ctikj;bjhif <) tpidj;bjhif
15. rPu; vJifr; brhw;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
m) gl;l/ bghl;blhL M) brk;bghd;/ igk;bghd;
,) rupe;jhl/ gjpe;jhl <) gz;o/ Fz;lyk;

gpupt[ ? 1
vitnaDk; ehd;F tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;ft[k;.
tpdh vz; 21?f;F fl;lhakhf tpilaspf;ft[k;. 4×2=8
16. e+;irf; bfhLj;jhYk; cz;Qk; gz;ghsu; vtu; vd ts;Stu; tha;bkhHp TWk;
bra;jp ahJ>
m) k.bgh.rp mk;khidg; ghly;fis mof;fo ghog;gho gps;isg; gUtj;jpnyna
,yf;fpa mwpit tsu;;j;Jf; bfhz;lhu;.
M) bea;jy; epyj;jtu; ghzu;fis tuntw;Wf; FHy; kPd; fwpa[k; gpwt[k; bfhLj;jdu;.
18. cw=;Ffpd;w Fk;gfd;d `vGe;jpuha; vGe;jpuha;~
fhyJ}ju; ifapny `cw=;Ftha; cw=;Ftha;~
Fk;gfd;did vd;d brhy;yp vGg;g[fpwhu;fs;>
v=;F mtid cw=;fr; brhy;fpwhu;fs;>
19. tU=;fhyj;jpy; njitbadf; fUJfpd;w braw;if Ez;zwpt[ bghjpe;j ,uz;L
mwptpay; fz;Lgpog;g[fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
20. Cu;jp Xl;LeUf;fhd bewpfs; ,uz;oid vGJf.
21. Fw;wk; ,y;yhky; jd; Fog;bgUikia caur; bra;a[k; fUj;jpidf; bfhz;l
jpUf;Fwis vGJf.
gpupt[ 2
Fwpg;g[fs;: vitnaDk; Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;ft[k;. 5×2=10
22. fiyr; brhw;fs; jUf. m) Artifacts M) Myth
23. MYk; ntYk; gy;Yf;FWjp/ ehYk; ,uz;Lk; brhy;Yf;FWjp
? ,j;bjhlu;fs; czu;j;Jk; ku=;fspd; bgau;fisa[k;/ jkpbHz;fisa[k; Fwpg;gpLf.
24. ghyFkhud; g[jpd=;fs; ,Uf;fpwjh> vd;W E}yfuplk; tpdt[tJ vt;tif tpdh>
gpug+;rd; g[jpd=;fs; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W E}yfu; TWtJ vt;tif tpil>
25. ``jk;gP- v=;f epf;fpnw>~~
`èP=;f brhd;d vlj;Jyjhz;nz- vjpu;j;jhg;g[y xU O !;lhy; ,Uf;FJ.~~
ciuahlypy; cs;s ngr;R tHf;fpid vGj;J tHf;fhf khw;Wf.
26. `kiye;J~ ? gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.
27. ``fhrpk;g[ytiu/ Fz=;Foahiu nrfdhg; g[ytiu
bra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyiur; rPu;jkpH; kwf;fhjd;nwh~~
,g;ghly; mofspy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s jkpH;g; g[ytu;fspd; bgau;fis vLj;bjGJf.
28. jz;zPu; Fo/ japu;f;Flk; Mfpa bjhifr; brhw;fis tpupj;J vGjp/ bjhlupy;
mikf;f.
gpupt[ ? 3
vitnaDk; ,uz;L tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; RUf;fkhf tpilaspf;ft[k;. 2×3=6
35. Mrpupag;ghtpd; bghJ ,yf;fzj;ij vGJf.
36. bjhGjif a[s;Sk; gilbahL=;Fk; xd;dhu;
mGjfz; zPUk; midj;J ? ,f;Fwl;ghtpid myfpl;L tha;g;ghL jUf.
37. epuy;epiw mzpia tpsf;Ff.

midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;ft[k;. 5×5=25
38. m)
fhrpf;fhz;lk; Fwpg;gpLk; ,y;yw xGf;f=;fspy; vitnaDk; Ie;jpid
vGjp/ c=;fs; tPl;ow;F te;j tpUe;jpdiu vjpu;bfhz;L/ eP=;fs; tpUe;jspj;j
epfH;nthL xg;gpl;L vGJf.
(my;yJ)
M) `re;jf; ftpijapy; rpwf;Fk; fk;gd;~ vd;w jiyg;gpy; fPH;f;fhQk; Fwpg;gpidf;
bfhz;L c=;fs; ,yf;fpa ciuiaj; bjhlu;f.
Fwpg;g[: md;g[k; gz;g[k; bfhz;l jiytu; mtu;fns- nju;e;bjLj;j g{f;fisg;
nghd;W tupir bjhLj;J mku;e;jpUf;Fk; Md;nwhu;fns- mwp+u; bgUkf;fns-
tzf;fk;. ,aw;iff; fhl;rpiag; bgupa fiy epfH;thfnt fhl;Lk; fk;gdpd;
ftp eak; ........
39. m) eP=;fs; goj;j E}y; xd;wpd; rpwg;g[fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L me;E}iyg; gof;FkhW
gupe;Jiu bra;J c=;fs; ez;gUf;Ff; fojk; xd;W vGJf.
(my;yJ)
M) `gs;spiaj; J}a;ikahf itj;jpUj;jy;~ ? Fwpj;j bray;jpl;l tiut[ xd;iw
cUthf;fp/ mjw;Fj; jiyik Mrpupaupd; xg;g[jy; bgwf; fojk; xd;W vGJf.
40. glk; czu;j;Jk; fUj;ij eaKw Ie;J bjhlu;fspy; vGJf.
41. vz;?6/ ghjpahu; bjU/ ePyfpup khtl;lj;jpy; trpf;Fk; jkpHuRtpd; kfs; g{=;bfho/
fzpdpg; gapw;Weu; gzp ntz;o jd;tptug; gl;oaiy epug;g[fpwhu;. nju;tu;/ jd;id
g{=;bfhoahfg; ghtpj;J gzp tha;g;g[ ntz;o jd;tptug; gl;oaiy epug;g[f.
42.
m)
murhy; epWtg;gLk; fl;ll=;fspYk; rpiyfspYk; epWtpatu; bgau;;/
epWtg;gl;l fhyk;/ nehf;fk; rhu;e;j gpw bra;jpfs; jh=;fpa fy;btl;Lfisg;
ghu;j;jpUg;gPu;fs;. ,it nghd;W ePtpu; fz;l gy;ntW gHikahd epidt[r;
rpd;d=;fisg; ghJfhj;Jg; guhkupj;Jf; fhf;Fk; tHpKiwfs; Ie;jpidg;
gl;oaypLf.
130   jkpH;
M) bkhHpbgau;f;f:
Among the five geographical divisions of the Tamil country in Sangam literature,
the Marutham region was the one fit for cultivation, as it had the most fertile lands.
The prosperity of farmer depended on getting the necessary sunlight, seasonal rains
and the fertility of the soil. Among these elements of nature, sunlight was considered
indispensable by the ancient Tamils
gFjp - V (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 24)

midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpupthd tpilaspf;ft[k;. 3×8=24
43. m)
tpUe;jpdu; ngQjy;/ grpj;jtUf;F cztply; nghd;w jkpHu; gz;ghL
,d;iwa NHypy; c=;fs; ,y;yj;Jf;F te;j cwtpdUf;F eP=;fs; bra;j
tpUe;njhk;giya[k;/ grpj;J te;j xUtUf;F eP=;fs; cztpl;l braiya[k;
mHFw tptupf;ft[k;.
(my;yJ)
M) ehl;L tpHhf;fs; ? tpLjiyg; nghuhl;l tuyhW ? ehl;od; Kd;ndw;wj;jpy;
khztu; g=;F. Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L xU gf;f mstpy; `khztg; gUtKk;
ehl;Lg; gw;Wk;~ vd;w jiyg;gpy; nkil ciu vGJf.
44. m) ``g[aypny xU njhzp~~ fijapy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s tUzidfSk; mLf;Fj;
bjhlu;fSk; xypf;Fwpg;g[r; brhw;fSk; g[aypy;/ njhzp gLk;ghl;il vt;thW
tptupf;fpd;wd>
(my;yJ)
M) ``gha;r;ry;~~ fijapy; mHF jd;id kwe;J Moaijg; nghd;W c=;fs;
bjUf;fspy; eP=;fs; fz;L kfpH;e;j gfy; ntlf; fiy+iuf; Fwpj;J mHFw
tpsf;fp vGJf.
45. m) kdpj neakpf;f MSik xUtUf;F Fwpg;g[fisg; gad;gLj;jp epidtpjH;
xd;W cUthf;Ff.
Kd;Diu ? vd; ,sikg; gUtk; ? tpLjiyg; nghuhl;lj;jpy; ehd; ? bghJ eynk
jd;dyk; ? vspikna mwk; ? ehl;od; Kd;ndw;wnk nehf;fk; ? vspnahupd;
md;ng brhj;J ? Kot[iu.
(my;yJ)
M) Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L/ `kf;fs; gzpna kfj;jhd gzp~ vd;w jiyg;gpy;
fl;Liu vGJf.
Kd;Diu ? tpz;btspapy; jkpHupd; mwpt[ ? fy;gdh rht;yh ? tpz;zpay;
mwptpy; tU=;fhyj;jpy; nkw;bfhs;s ntz;oait ? Kot[iu.
***
tpilfs; muR tpdhj;jhs; ? brg;lk;gu; 2020 tpdhj;jhs; ? 8
gFjp ?I
1. M) mjpad;" bgU+;rhj;jd;
2. m) r=;f fhyj;jpy; bkhHpbgau;g;g[ 7. M) r@fg; ghu;itnahL fiyg;gzp
,Ue;jJ. g[upant vGjpdhu;
3. ,) md;bkhHpj; bjhif 8. M) tdj;jpd; eldk;
4. M) ,iwtdplk; FynrfuhH;thu; 9. ,) 1-iv, 2-iii, 3-i, 4-ii
5. M) jpUts;Stu;/ `mwpt[ilahu; 10. ,) j=;ff; fl;ofis <lhf
vy;yhk; cilahu;~ vd;W 11. ,) typikia epiyehl;ly;
mWjpapl;Lf; TWfpwhu;. 12. M) rpw;wpyf;fpak;
6. M) nkhid/ vJif 13. ,) fhypy; mzptJ
14. m) vz;Qk;ik
15. m) gl;l/ bghl;blhL
gFjp ? II
16. tpUk;gj;jf;f ,uf;ff;Fzk; bfhz;ltu;fs; e+;irf; bfhLj;jhYk; cz;Qk;
gz;ghsu; Mtu;. Vbddpy; gpwu; ed;ik fUjpj; jkf;F e+;irf; bfhLj;jhYk;
cz;Qtu;.
17. m) k.bgh.rp vt;thW ,yf;fpa mwpit tsu;;j;Jf; bfhz;lhu;>
M) bea;jy; epyj;jtu; ghzu;fis tuntw;Wf; vd;d czt[ bfhLj;jdu;>
18.  `cw=;Ffpd;w Fk;gfd;dh cd; bgha;ahd thH;t[ vy;yhk; ,d;wpypUe;J ,w=;fj;
bjhl=;fp tpl;ljhy; mjidf; fhz;gjw;fhf vGe;jpLtha;~ vd;fpwhu;fs;.
tpy;iyg; gpoj;j fhyDf;Fj; J}juhdtu; ifapy; ,dpg; gLj;J cw=;fr;
brhy;fpwhu;fs;.
19.  braw;if Ez;zwpthy; ,a=;Fk; nghf;Ftuj;J Cu;jpfs;/
rikay; bra;a[k; braw;if Ez;zwpt[ ve;jpuk;/
20.  thfdk; Xl;Lgtu;fs; Xl;Leu; cupkk; itj;jpUf;f ntz;Lk;.
kfpGe;jpy; bry;gtu;fs; fl;lhak; ,Uf;ifg;gl;il mzpa ntz;Lk;.
21. Fw;wk; ,ydha;f; Fobra;J thH;thidr;
Rw;wkhr; Rw;Wk; cyF.
22. m) Artifacts - fiyg;gilg;g[fs;" M) Myth - bjhd;kk;
23. ku=;fspd; bgau;fs; : Mykuk;/ ntg;gkuk;.
jkpbHz;fs;: ehYk; ? ehyoahu; ? ௪" ,uz;Lk; ? jpUf;Fws; ? ௨
24. bfhsy; tpdh" ,dbkhHp tpil.
bghUs; : rpj;jhspd; ,d;dy;fis capuw;w br=;fw;fs; mwptjpy;iy.
tpsf;fk; : mLj;j ntis czt[f;fhf mYf;fhky; mDjpdKk; rpj;jhS fw;fisr;
Rkf;fpd;whs;. xUntis ,ts; kuzk; mile;jhy; Tl mJ rpwpjsnt
rydj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.
34. m) g[z;zpag; g[ytPu; ahd; ,g;nghH;J ,ilf; fhldhu;f;Fg;
gz;zpa Fw;wk; vy;yhk; bghWf;f vdg; gutpj; jhH;e;jhd;
Ez;zpa nfs;tp nahUk; kd;deP Etd;w brhy;yhk;
jz;zpa mKjhy; v=;fs; nfhgj;jPj; jzpe;jJ vd;dh. ? gu+;nrhjp Kdptu;
M) etkzp tlf;f apy;nghy;
ey;ywg; gliyg; g{l;Lk;
jtkzp khu;gd; brhd;d
jd;dpirf;F ,irfs; ghlj;
Jtkzp ku=;fs; njhWk;
Jzu;mzpr; Ridfs; njhWk;
ctkzp fhdk;bfhy; vd;W
xypj;J mGt nghd;nw. ?tPukhKdptu;
35. Mrpupag;ghtpd; bghJ ,yf;fzk;:
Xir ? mfty; Xir.
rPu; ? <uirr;rPu;/ fha;r;rPu;.
jis ? Mrpupaj;jis/ btz;lis/ fypj;jis.
mo ? @d;wo Kjy; vGJgtu; kdepiyf;nfw;g mika[k;.
Kog;g[ ? Vfhuj;jpy; Koa[k;.
36. myfpLjy;
rPu; mir tha;ghL
bjhG'jif epiu epiu fUtpsk;
a[s;'Sk; neu; neu; njkh
gil'bahL=;'Fk; epiu epiu neu; fUtps=;fha;
xd;'dhu; neu; neu; njkh
mG'jfz; epiu epiu fUtpsk;
zP'Uk; neu; neu; njkh
midj;J epiug[ (epiu neu;) gpwg;g[
37. epuy;epiw mzp ? ghu;f;f: PTA 4 - tpdhj;jhs; 5 ? tpdh vz;: 36
gFjp ? IV
38. m) fhrpf;fhz;lk; Fwpg;gpLk; ,y;yw xGf;fKk; ? ehd; tpUe;jspj;j epfH;t[k;:
Kfkyu;r;rpa[ld; tuntw;W jpd;gz;l=;fSld; njePUk; je;jdu;.
tPl;oYs;s midtiua[k; gw;wp ed;F tprhupj;jdu;.
jiythiHapy; ehl;Lf;nfhHp FHk;g[k;/ kPd;tWtYld; Coa cztpid
,l;L/ cztUe;JkhW Twpdu;.
134   jkpH;
tapWk; kdKk; epuk;g[k; mstpy; mtu;fsJ cgrupg;g[ ,Ue;jJ.
mUfpnyna cl;fhu;e;J bfhz;L cgrupj;jdu;.
cztUe;jpat[ld; if fGt jz;zPu; je;jJld;/ Jilj;Jf; bfhs;s
iff;Fl;ila[k; je;jdu;.
tPl;L thapy;tiu cwtpdu;fs; te;J tHpaDg;gpaik cs;sj;jpy; bgUkfpH;it
cz;lhf;fpaJ.
M) `re;jf; ftpijapy; rpwf;Fk; fk;gd;:
``jz;liy kapy;fshl jhkiu tpsf;fj;; jh=;ff;/
bfhz;ly;fz;; KHtpnd=;f Ftisfz; tpHpj;J nehf;f/
bjz;oiu baHpdp fhl;lj;/ njk;gpHp kfuahHpd;
tz;Lfsp dpJghl kUjk;tPw;wp Uf;Fk;khnjh.~~ ? vd;W kapy;fspd;
Ml;lj;ija[k; kyu;fspd; njhw;wj;ija[k;/ nkf=;fspd; rj;jj;ija[k; miyfspd;
mHifa[k;/ tz;Lfspd; hP=;fhuj;ija[k; mj;Jiz mHfhfg; glk;gpoj;Jf;
fhl;Lfpwhu; fk;gu;.
tz;ikapy;iy nahu;tWik apd;ikahy;
jpz;ikapy;iy neu;brWe upd;ikahy;... ? vd;W nfhry ehl;od; bgUikiaf;
fk;gu; vLj;Jiuf;fpwhu;. nfhry ehl;oy; tWik rpwpJk; ,y;yhjjhy;/ bfhilf;F
m=;nf ,lkpy;iy vd;Wk;/ neUf;F neu; nghu; g[upgtu; ,y;yhjjhy;/ cly;
typikia vLj;Jf;fhl;l tha;g;gpy;iy vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLk; fk;gupd; ``xd;wpd;
,Ug;ghy; ,d;bdhd;W milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;w bka;apaiyf; bfhz;L
xU ehl;od; bgUikiag; g[yg;gLj;Jk; cj;jp~~ nghw;wj;jf;fJ.
`ìknah kufjnkh kwpflnyh kiH Kfpnyh
Inah ,td; tot[ vd;gJ Xu; mHpah mHF cilahd;~~ ? vd;W ghLk; fk;gu;
,uhkDila khepw nkdpia tUzpf;f ik/ kufjk; vd;bwy;yhk; ctik brhy;yp/
epiwthfr; brhy;y ,aytpy;iy vd;gij Ìnah~ vd;w brhy;ypy; itg;gjd; @
ykhf ,ad;wjhf;Ffpd;whu;.
ftpijfs; @yk; bgWk; ,d;g=;fspy; xd;W re;jk;. fk;gupd; ftpijfspy; re;jk;
brhe;jk; bfhz;lhLfpwJ. `Xir jUk; ,d;gk; ctikapyh ,d;gklh~ vd;Dk;
ghujpapd; tupfSf;nfw;g/
``MH beLe;jpiu MW fle;J ,tu; nghthnuh
ntH beLk; gil fz;L tpy=;fpLk; tpy; Mnsh~~... vd;w ghlypy; fk;gupd;
Xirapd;gk; kpspu;fpwJ.
``cw=;Ffpd;w Fk;gfd;d t[=;fz; kha thH;btyhk;
,w=;Ffpd;wJ ,d;W fhz;" vGe;jpuha;- vGe;jpuha;-~~ ? vd;w fk;gupd; ghlypy;
cyf;ifahy; khwpkhwp ,of;Fk; xj;j Xirapy; mike;j re;jk;/ ,of;Fk; fhl;rpiaf;
fz;Kd; vGg;g[fpwJ.
``fk;gd; ,irj;j ftpijbay;yhk; ehd;~~ ? vd;W bgUikf;bfhs;Sk; ghujpapd;
Tw;Wf;Fj; jFe;j ftpg;g[yika[k; re;jeaKk; kpf;f khbgUk; ftpr;rf;futu;j;jp fk;gu;
vd;why; rhyg;bghUe;Jk;. fk;gupd; ftpj;njidg; gUfp ,d;g[Wnthkhf.
ed;wp- tzf;fk;-
136   jkpH;
tskhd epyk;/ nghJkhd mst[ kiHa[k; ,Ue;jJ. mjdhy; tptrhak; brHpj;jJ.
kUj epyj;jpd; ,aw;iff; TWfshYk;/ nghJkhd Nupa btg;gj;jpdhYk;
gHe;jkpHfj;jpy; kUjepyj;jpy; cHt[j;bjhHpy; rpwe;jpUe;jJ.
43. m) tpUe;njhk;gy;
,y;thH;tpd; kpfg;bgupa gad; tpUe;njhk;gy; vd;gu;.
tpUe;jpdiu tuntw;wy;:
vd;Dila ,y;yj;jpw;F tUif je;j cwtpdiu mfKk; KfKk; kyu;e;J
tuntw;W eyk; tprhupj;J mtu; Fog;gjw;Fj; jz;zPiuf; bfhLj;njd;.
czt[z;z miHg;g[:
czt[ cz;z miHj;J/ iffGt jz;zPu; bfhLj;Jk; mku itj;njd;.
thiH ,iyapy; tpUe;J:
jiythiH ,iy tpUe;J vd;gJ jkpH; kug[. me;j tifapy; jiythiH
,iyapy; cwtpdUf;F cztpl;nld;.
czit cz;Qk; cwtpdupd; ,lg;gf;fk; thiH ,iyapd; FWfyhd
gFjpa[k; tyg;gf;fk; ,iyapd; tpupe;j gFjpa[k; tUkhW thiHapiyia
tpupj;jpUe;njd;.
,iyapy; ,lJ Xuj;jpy; cg;g[/ CWfha;/ ,dpg;g[ Kjyhd mstpy; rpwpa
czt[ tiffisa[k; tyJ Xuj;jpy; fha;fwp/ fPiu/ Tl;L Kjyhd mstpy;
bgupa czt[ tiffisa[k; eLtpy; nrhWk; itj;J vLj;Jz;z trjpahfg;
gupkhwpndd;.
cwtpdupd; kdkwpe;J/ mtu;fs; tpUk;gpr; rhg;gpLk; czt[ tiffisg;
gupt[ld; gupkhwpndd;.
btw;wpiy ghf;F:
czt[ cz;l cwtpdiu xU ghj;jpuj;jpy; iffisf; fGt[khW jz;zPu;
Cw;wpndd;. iff;Fl;il nghd;w Jzpiaj; je;J iffisj; Jilj;Jf;bfhs;s
itj;njd;. gpwF btw;wpiy ghf;F Rz;zhk;gpid xU jl;oy; itj;Jf;
bfhLj;njd;. mtu; mij kfpH;t[ld; cz;lhu;.
tHpaDg;g[jy;:
czt[ cz;l cwtpduplk; jpUg;jpahf cz;Ou;fsh> vd tprhupj;J tPl;Lj;
njhl;lj;jpy; tpise;j fha;fwpfSld; tPl;oypUe;j ,dpg;g[fisa[k; bfhLj;J
mtuJ tPl;oy; cs;stu;fsplk; bfhLf;Fk;go md;g[ld; Twp/ thapy;tiu brd;W
tHpaDg;gp itj;njd;.
grpj;jtUf;F cztply;:
ez;gfy; neuj;jpy;/ tajhd xUtu; grpahy; rhiy Xuj;jpy; js;sho tUtijg;
ghu;j;njd;. vdJ je;ij vd; bryt[f;fhff; bfhLj;jpUe;j gzj;jpy; mtUf;F
cztpid th=;fp te;J je;njd;. mtu; kpFe;j grpahf ,Ue;jjhy; ntfk; ntfkhfr;
rhg;gpl;lhu;. fz; fy=;fpathW ed;wpa[ld; vd;id mk;Kjpatu; thH;j;jpdhu;.
kpFe;j kdepiwt[ld; tPL jpUk;gpndd;.
M) khztg; gUtKk; ehl;Lg;gw;Wk;
ghu;f;f: PTA 1 ? khjpup tpdhj;jhs; 2 ? tpdh vz; 43 (M).
44. m)
g[aypny xU njhzp ? tUzidfs;/ mLf;Fj; bjhlu;fs;/ xypf;Fwpg;g[r;
brhw;fs; ? ghu;f;f: PTA 1 ? khjpup tpdhj;jhs; 2 ? tpdh vz; 44 (m).
gha;r;ry; ? ghu;f;f: PTA 1 ? khjpup tpdhj;jhs; 2 ? tpdh vz; 44 (M).
M)
45. m) kdpj neakpf;f MSik ? epidtpjH;
Kd;Diu:
`njrg;gpjh~ vd;w bgUikf;Fupatu; fhe;jpaofs; Mthu;. mtu; jd; thH;ehs;
KGtJk; ehl;Lf;fhfnt thH;e;J capu;ePj;j kfhd; xg;gw;w MSik ? fhe;jpaofs;.
,sikg;gUtk;:
fhe;jpaofs; F$uhj; khepyj;jpy; nghu;ge;ju; vDk; Cupy;/ 1869 Mk; Mz;L
gpwe;jtu;. ,e;jpahtpy; gs;spf;fy;tpia Koj;J ,=;fpyhe;jpy; `ghup!;lu; gl;lk;~
bgw;W tHf;fwp+u; Mdhu;.
tpLjiyg; nghuhl;lk;:
bjd;dhg;gpupf;fhtpypUe;J ,e;jpah jpUk;gpa fhe;jp bts;isau;fspd; Mjpf;f
czu;itf; fz;L kdk; behe;jhu;. cg;g[r; rj;jpahf;fpufk;/ xj;JiHahik ,af;fk;/
rl;lkWg;g[g; nghuhl;lk;/ bts;isand btspnaW nghd;w nghuhl;l=;fis
Kd;dpd;W mwtHpapy; nghuhodhu;.
bghJeynk jd;dyk;:
mwtHpg; nghuhl;lj;ijf; ifapy; vLj;jhu;. mikjpahd Kiwapy;
mtu;fsplk; nghuho tpLjiyg; bgw Kad;whu;. ,g;nghuhl;lk; cyf ehLfSf;F
tHpfhl;oahfj; jpfH;e;jJ.
vspikna mwk;:
vspikahd thH;f;if thH;e;jtu;. jhk; thH;e;jnjhL kl;Lky;yhky; jd;
kidtpiaa[k; thH itj;jtu;. thLk; tptrhapfs; miuahil cLj;Jtijf;
fz;L jhKk; nkyhil mzptij epWj;jp vspikahd thH;f;if thH;e;jtu;.
ehl;od; Kd;ndw;wnk nehf;fk;:
ehl;oy; tWik/ grp/ gpzp nghf;fg; ghLgl;ltu;. ifj;bjhHpy;fis tsu;j;jtu;.
Rnjrp ,af;fj;ij tsu;j;J Rnjrp bghUis th=;f itj;jtu;. ,is+u;fis
ehl;od; Kd;ndw;wj;jpw;F Cf;fg;gLj;jpatu;.
vspnahupd; md;ng brhj;J:
kf;fnshL kf;fshf thH;e;J kdpj ,dj;jpw;F bgUik nru;j;J cyfk; nghw;Wk;
kfhj;khthf tps=;fpdhu;. vspikahd thH;thu; vy;nyhu; cs;sj;jpYk; md;g[
bfhz;L thH;e;jhu;.
Kot[iu:
jd;dyk; fUjhky; bghJeyk; fUjp vspikahd thH;thy; mwtHpapy; nghuho
bts;isaida[k; mogzpar; bra;J rpwe;j MSikahf fhe;jp tps=;fpdhu;
vd;gJ bgUikf;FupajhFk;.
45. M) kf;fs; gzpna kfj;jhd gzp
ghu;f;f: muR khjpup tpdhj;jhs; 19?20 ? tpdh vz; 45 (M).
***
138   jkpH;
tpdhj;jhs;
muR tpdhj;jhs; ? brg;lk;gu; 2021
tFg;g[: X jkpH; 9
1. nfhry ehl;oy; bfhil ,y;yhj fhuzk; vd;d>
m) ey;y cs;sk; cilatu;fs; ,y;yhjjhy; M) Cupy; tpisr;ry; ,y;yhjjhy;
,) murd; bfhL=;nfhy; Ml;rp g[uptjhy; <) m=;F tWik ,y;yhjjhy;
2. ePyr;rl;il ngrpdhu; ? ,j;bjhlupy; èPyr;rl;il~ vd;Dk; brhy;Yf;fhd bjhifapd;
tifiaj; nju;f.
m) gz;g[j;bjhif M) ctikj;bjhif
,) md;bkhHpj;bjhif <) ck;ikj;bjhif
3. jkpHpdj;ij xd;WgLj;Jk; ,yf;fpakhf k.bgh.rp. fUjpaJ
m) jpUf;Fws; M) g[wehD}W
,) fk;guhkhazk; <) rpyg;gjpfhuk;
4. nkd;ik jUk; mwk; vd;gJ
m) ifkhW fUjhky; mwk; bra;tJ
M) kWgpwg;gpy; gad; bgwyhk; vd;w nehf;fpy; mwk; bra;tJ
,) g[fH; fUjp mwk; bra;tJ
<) gjpYjtp bgWtjw;fhf mwk; bra;tJ
5. jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp/ nfhak;g[j;J}u;/ g[Jr;nrup/ jpUbey;ntyp ? ,t;t{u;g; bgau;fspd;
rupahd `kqc~ tupiriaj; nju;f.
m) jpUr;rp/ g[Jit/ bey;iy/ cjif M) jpUr;rp/ nfhit/ g[Jit/ bey;iy
,) bey;iy/ cjif/ jpUr;rp/ nfhit <) cjif/ jpUr;rp/ g[Jit/ nfhit
6. fl;Liuiag; goj;J/ Mrpupau; khztu;fSf;Fg; gupR tH=;fpdhu;
? ,j;bjhlupy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s ntw;Wik cUg[fs;
m) I/ My; M) My;/ F ,) I/ F <) ,d;/ F
7. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s kUt{u;g;ghf;fk; mike;Js;s efuk;
m) kJiu M) g[fhu; ,) t+;rp <) Krpwp
8. `èpyhita[k; thdj;J kPida[k; fhw;iwa[k;
neu;g;gl itj;jh=;nf
Fyht[k; mKjf; FHk;igf; Foj;bjhU
nfhy btwpgilj;njhk;"~~ ? ghujpahu;
,g;ghlypy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s movJifr; brhw;fisj; nju;e;bjLf;ft[k;.
m) thdj;J ? itj;jh=;nf M) fhw;iwa[k; ? Foj;bjhU
,) epyhita[k; ? Fyht[k; <) itj;jh=;nf ? btwpgilj;njhk;
9. `fha;e;j ,iya[k; fha;e;j njhifa[k;~ epyj;Jf;F ey;y cu=;fs;. ? ,j;bjhlupy;
monfhol;lg; gFjp Fwpg;gpLtJ
m) ,iya[k;/ rUFk; M) njhifa[k;/ rz;Lk;
,) jhSk;/ Xiya[k; <) rUFk;/ rz;Lk;
10. bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s gHbkhHpfSs; czt[ bjhlu;ghd gHbkhHpiaj;
nju;e;bjLf;ft[k;.
m) mfj;jpd; mHF Kfj;jpy; bjupa[k; M) mst[f;F kp+;rpdhy; mkpu;jKk; e+;R
,) ty;ytDf;Fg; g[y;Yk; Ma[jk; <) Mof;fhw;wpy; mk;kpa[k; efUk;
11. Mz; FHe;ijia `thor;bry;yk;~ vd;W bfh+;RtJ
m) ghy; tGtikjp M) jpiz tGtikjp
,) kug[ tGtikjp <) fhy tGtikjp
``bre;jkpnH- cs;Sapnu brg;gupa epd; bgUik
ve;jkpH;eh vt;thW vLj;nj ciu tpupf;Fk;>
Ke;ijj; jdpg;g[fGk; KfpH;j;j ,yf;fpaKk;
tpe;ij beLepiyg;g[k; ntwhu; g[fGiua[k;~~
12. ve;jkpH;eh vd;gjidg; gpupj;jhy; ,t;thW tUk;
m) ve; + jkpH; + eh M) ve;j + jkpH; + eh
,) vk; + jkpH; + eh <) ve;jk; + jkpH; + eh
13. bre;jkpH; vd;gJ
m) gz;g[j;bjhif M) tpidj;bjhif
,) ctikj;bjhif <) ck;ikj;bjhif
14. cs;Sapnu vd;W ftp+u; ahiu miHf;fpwhu;>
m) jk; jhia M) jkpH; bkhHpia
,) jha; ehl;il <) jk; FHe;ijia
15. ntwhu; g[fGiua[k; ? ,j;bjhlupy; `ntwhu;~ vd;gJ
m) jkpHu; M) rhd;nwhu;
,) ntw;WbkhHpapdu; <) g[ytu;
gpupt[ 1
vitnaDk; ehd;F tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;ft[k;. tpdh vz; 21?f;F
fl;lhakhf tpilaspf;ft[k;. 4×2=8
m) cyfj;jpnyna xU bkhHpf;fhf cyf khehL elj;jpa Kjy; ehL knyrpah.
M) jkpH;j;bjd;wy; jpU.tp.f nghy ,ikfis @oago vGJk; Mw;wiyf;
fw;Wf;bfhz;ltu; jkpH;j;jpU. ,uh. ,s=;Fkudhu;.
30. r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fs; fhl;Lk; mw=;fs; ,d;iwf;Fk; njitahditna vd;gjw;Fr;
rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf.
31. ``jiyiaf; bfhLj;njDk; jiyefiuf; fhg;nghk;~~ ? ,lk; Rl;og; bghUs; tpsf;Ff.
gpupt[ ? 2
vitnaDk; ,uz;L tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;ft[k;. tpdh vz; 34?f;F
fl;lhakhf tpilaspf;f ntz;Lk;. 2×3=6
32. ``kfue;jj; J}isr; Rke;j bfhz;L/ kdj;ij kaYWj;Jfpd;w ,dpa thrida[ld;
th"~~ ? vd;w ghly; mofspy;
m) monkhidr; brhw;fis vLj;J vGJf.
M) ghujpahu; vjid thrida[ld; tur; brhy;Yfpwhu;>
,) Rke;Jbfhz;L ? vd;w brhy;iyf; bfhz;L bjhlu; xd;iw mikf;f.
33. kUt{u;g;ghf;ff; filj;bjUita[k;/ c=;fs; Cupy; cs;s filj;bjUita[k;
xg;gpl;L @d;W bjhlu;fs; vGJf.
34. mo gpwHhky; vGJf.
m) ``jz;liy kapy;f shlj;~~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; fk;guhkhazg; ghly;. (my;yJ)
M) ``md;id bkhHpna~~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; ghtynuW bgU+;rpj;jpudhupd; ghly;.
gpupt[ ? 3
35. ``fz;nz fz;Qw=;F-
fhiyapy; ePbaGk;g[-
khkiH bga;ifapny
khk;g{nt fz;Qw=;F-
ghondd; jhyhl;L
MoMo Xa;e;Jw=;F-
? ,j;jhyhl;Lg; ghlypy; mike;Js;s bjhlu; tiffis vGJf.
36. ftp+u;/ jhk; Tw tpUk;g[k; fUj;jpw;F Vw;wthW jw;Fwpg;ngw;w mzp miktij
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lf.
37. braw;if mwpe;jf; filj;Jk; cyfj;
jpaw;if mwpe;J bray;. ? ,f;Fwl;ghtpid myfpl;L tha;g;ghL jUf.
gFjp ? IV (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 25)
38. m) `fhyf; fzpjk;;~ ftpijapy; bghjpe;Js;s ea=;fisg; ghuhl;o vGJf.
``ftp+d; ahndhu; fhyf; fzpjk;
fUg;gL bghUis cUg;gl itg;ngd;-
g[tpapy; ehndhu; g[fGilj; bja;tk;
bghd;dpDk; tpiykpF bghUbsd; bry;tk;-
,itrup bad;why; ,ak;g[tbjd; bjhHpy;
,itjt whapd; vjpu;g;gbjd; ntiy-
142   jkpH;
Mf;fy; mspj;jy; mHpj;jy;,k; @d;Wk;
mtDk; ahDnk mwpe;jit" mwpf-~~ ? fz;zjhrd;
(my;yJ)
M) fUizadpd; jha; kiwt[f;F tPukhKdptu; g{f;fs; nghd;w ctikfshYk;
cUtf kyu;fshYk; epfH;j;jpa ftpjh+;rypia tpsf;Ff.
39. m)
bfhnuhdh bgUe;bjhw;W Cul=;Ff; fhyj;jpy; c=;fs; neuj;ij vt;thW
gaDwf; fHpj;jPu;fs; vd;gij ez;gDf;F tptupj;Jf; fojk; vGJf.
(my;yJ)
M) czt[ tpLjpbahd;wpy; tH=;fg;gl;l czt[ jukw;wjhft[k;/ tpiy
TLjyhft[k; ,Ue;jJ Fwpj;J cupa rhd;WfSld; czt[g; ghJfhg;g[
MizaUf;Ff; fojk; vGJf.
40. glk; czu;j;Jk; fUj;ijf; ftpDw vGJf.

41. flY}u; khtl;lk;/ ghujpahu; efu;/ fk;gu; bjUtpYs;s 112 Mk; ,yf;f tPl;oy;
FoapUf;Fk; epytdpd; kfs; g{=;FHyp/ efuhl;rp nky;epiyg; gs;spapy; gof;fpwhu;.
mtu; tpisahl;L nkk;ghl;L Mizaj;jpy; cWg;gpduhfr; nru;e;J fhy;ge;J
tpisahl;oy; gapw;rp bgw tpUk;g[fpwhu;. nju;tu;/ jk;ik g{=;FHypahff; fUjp/
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s cWg;gpdu; nru;f;ifg; gotj;ij epug;g[f.
42. m)
ehk; vg;nghJk; xnu kdepiyapy; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. ek;ikr; Rw;wp epfGk;
bray;fshy; ehk; miyf;fHpf;fg;gLfpnwhk;. cld;gapy;gtUlndh/
cld;gpwe;jtUlndh vjpu;ghuhky; rr;rut[ Vw;gLfpwJ. ,e;j rkaj;jpy; rpdk;
bfhs;sj;jf;f brhw;fisg; ngRfpnwhk;" nfl;fpnwhk;" iffyg;gpy; <LgLfpnwhk;"
,JfhWk; fw;w mw=;fs; ekf;Ff; ifbfhLf;f ntz;lhkh> khzt epiyapy;
ePtPu; gpd;gw;w ntz;oa mw=;fs; kw;Wk; mjdhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikfisg;
gl;oaypLf.
M) bkhHpbgau;f;f:
I f you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to
him in his own language that goes to his heart.
Language is the road map of a Culture. It tells you where its people come from and
where they are going. – Rita Mae Brown
gFjp ?V (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 24)
midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpupthd tpilaspf;ft[k;. 3×8=24
43. m)
r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fs; fhl;Lk; mw=;fs; ,d;iwf;Fk; njitahditna
vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;W je;J tpsf;Ff.
(my;yJ)
M) jkpHpd; brhy;tsk; gw;wpa[k; g[jpa brhy;yhf;fj;jpw;fhd njit Fwpj;Jk; jkpH;
kd;wj;jpy; ngRtjw;fhd ciuf; Fwpg;g[fis vGJf.
44. m) ,uhkhDru; ehlfj;jpy; btspg;gLk; kdpj neaj;ij tptupf;ft[k;.
(my;yJ)
M) md;dka;ah vd;Dk;/ bgaUf;Fk;/ mtupd; braYf;Fk; cs;s
bghUj;jg;ghl;oidf; `nfhgy;yg[uj;J kf;fs;~ fijg;gFjp bfhz;L tptupf;f.
45. m) Fwpg;g[fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fl;Liu vGJf.
Kd;Diu ? cHt[j;bjhHpy; ? cHtu; ? cHt[j;bjhHpypd; ,d;wpaikahik ?
cHtu;fis kjpj;jy; ? cztpid tPzhf;fhky; cz;Qjy; ? Kot[iu.
(my;yJ)
M) Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L fl;Liu vGjpj; jiyg;gpLf.
Kd;Diu ? `rhiyg; ghJfhg;g[ capu; ghJfhg;g[~ ? rhiy tpjpfs; ? Cu;jp

Xl;LeUf;fhd bewpfs; ? `tpgj;jpidj; jtpu;g;nghk; tpHpg;g[zu;t[ jUnthk;~ ?
Kot[iu.
***
tpilfs; muR tpdhj;jhs; ? brg;lk;gu; 2021 tpdhj;jhs; ? 9
gFjp ?I
1. <) m=;F tWik ,y;yhjjhy; 9. <) rUFk;/ rz;Lk;
2. ,) md;bkhHpj;bjhif 10. M) mst[f;F kp+;rpdhy; mkpu;jKk;
3. <) rpyg;gjpfhuk; e+;R
4. m) ifkhW fUjhky; mwk; bra;tJ 11. m) ghy; tGtikjp
5. <) cjif/ jpUr;rp/ g[Jit/ nfhit 12. ,) vk; + jkpH; + eh
6. ,) I/ F 13. m) gz;g[j;bjhif
7. M) g[fhu; 14. M) jkpH; bkhHpia
8. ,) epyhita[k; ? Fyht[k; 15. ,) ntw;WbkhHpapdu;
gFjp ? II
16. m) bkhHpf;fhf cyf khehL elj;jpa Kjy; ehL vJ>
M) jkpH;j;bjd;wy; jpU.tp.f nghy ,ikfis @oago vGJk; Mw;wy; bfhz;ltu;
ahu;>
17. ciueila[k; ftpija[k; ,ize;J ahg;g[f; fl;LfSf;F mg;ghw;gl;L cUthf;fg;
gLk; ftpij totk; trd ftpij vdg;gLk;.
18. E}y; th=;Ftjw;Fg; nghjpa gzkpy;yhj tWik epiyapYk; giHa g[j;jf=;fs;
tpw;Fk; filf;Fr; brd;W kpff;Fiwe;j tpiyf;Fg; g[j;jf=;fs; th=;Fthu;.
czt[f;fhf itj;jpUf;Fk; gzj;jpy; g[j;jf=;fis th=;fptpl;Lg; gl;odp
fple;jpUf;fpwhu;.
144   jkpH;
19. ahUf;fhf mGjhd;/ cd;idg;nghy; xUtd;/ CUf;F E}W ngu;.
20. clypy; Vw;gl;l g[z;izf; fj;jpahy; mWj;Jr; Rl;lhYk; mJ ed;ikf;nf vd;W
czUk;. nehahsp/ kUj;Jtupd; md;g[k; ek;gpf;ifa[k; cila brhw;fshy; cly;
mstpYk;/ kdjstpYk; eyk; bgWthu;.
21. gy;yhu; gifbfhsypd; gj;jLj;j jPikj;nj
ey;yhu; bjhlu;if tply;.
22. m) Consulate - Jizj;J}jufk; M) Folk Literature - ehl;Lg;g[w ,yf;fpak;
23. btl;rpj; jpiz × fue;ijj; jpiz
t+;rpj; jpiz × fh+;rpj; jpiz
behr;rpj; jpiz × cHpi+j; jpiz
24. ``,g;nghJ caukhf tsu;e;Jtpl;lhd;- cdf;F milahsnk bjupahJ- CUf;F
vd;Dld; tUthd; ghu;j;Jf;bfhs;- rup/ bjhiyg;ngrpia itj;JtpL. ehd;
g[wg;gLfpnwd;.~~
25. ka=;fpa = ka=;F + ,d; + a; + m
ka=;F gFjp/ ,d; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/ a; ? clk;gLbka;/ m ? bgabur;r
tpFjp.
26. btz;gh ? brg;gnyhir" Mrpupag;gh ? mftnyhir
27. gH=;fhyj;jpny ghz;oad; Mz;l bgUikiaf; Twp/ nrhHd; Mz;l rpwg;igr;
brhy;yp/ nrud; Mz;l khz;gpidf; fhl;o/ ek; mUikj; jkpH;ehL M=;fpnyaUf;F
moikg;gl;oUe;j rpWikiaa[k; epidt{l;o tpLjiyg; nghupy; <Lgl tUkhW
jkpHu;f;F miHg;g[ tpLj;jpUe;njd;. k.bgh.rp.
28. kzpnkfiy/ thd;kiH/ g{kiH/ tpz;kzp/ njd;kiH/ g{tpy=;F.
gFjp ? III
29. m) jkpH;ehL bghUs; tsKilaJ vd;gJ tpisbghUs; tiffshy; tps=;Fk;.
M) rk;ghf; nfhJik/ Fz;Lf; nfhJik/ thw;nfhJik Kjypad.
,) bre;bey;/ btz;bzy;/ fhu;behy; vd;Wk; gy tiffs; ,Ug;gJld; mtw;Ws;
rk;ghtpy; kl;Lk; Mtpuk;g{r;rk;gh/ Midf;bfhk;gd; rk;gh/ Fz;Lr; rk;gh/
Fjpiuthypr; rk;gh/ rpWkzpr; rk;gh/ rPufr; rk;gh Kjypa mWgJ cs;tiffs;
cs;sd.
30. r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fs; fhl;Lk; mw=;fs; ,d;iwf;Fk; njitahditna:
mwk; bra;tjpy; tzpf nehf;fk; ,y;yhjtd; ts;sy; Ma; vd;W Klnkhrpahu;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.
jk;iktpl typik Fiwe;jhnuhL nghu; bra;tJ TlhJ vd;W Mt{u; @
y=;fpHhu; Twpa[s;shu;.
``bry;tj;jpd; gand <jy;~~ vd;fpwJ g[wehD}W.
cz;ikahd bry;tk; vd;gJ gpwu;Jd;gk; jPu;g;gJjhd; vd;fpwhu; ey;ntl;ldhu;.
,j;jifa mw=;fs; midj;Jk; ,d;iwf;Fk; njitahditna MFk;.
146   jkpH;
37. myfpLjy;
rPu; mir tha;ghL
braw;'if epiu neu; g[spkh
mwpe;'jf; epiu neu; g[spkh
filj;'Jk; epiu neu; g[spkh
cy'fj; epiu neu; g[spkh
jpaw;'if epiu neu; g[spkh
mwpe;'J epiu neu; g[spkh
bray; epiu kyu;
38. m) fhyf;fzpjk;
jpuz;l fUj;J:
ftp+d; ehnd fhyj;ijf; fzpg;gtd;. cs;sj;jpy; cjpf;Fk; bghUis
thu;j;ij totk; bfhLj;J xU cUtkha; mtw;iw ehd; gilg;gjhy; ,g;g{kpapy;
ehDk; g[fH;bgw;w bja;tk;. bghd;idtpl tpiy cau;e;j bry;tk; vd;D[ila
fUj;Jfs;. rupahdtw;iw vLj;Jr; brhy;tJk;/ jtwhdtw;iw vjpu;g;gJk; vd;
gzp. gilj;jy;/ fhj;jy;/ mHpj;jy; vd;Dk; @d;W gzpfSk; ehDk; flt[Sk;
mwpe;jit.
nkhid eak;:
bra;a[spy; moapnyh rPupnyh Kjy; vGj;J xd;wp tUtJ nkhid MFk;.
v.fh: ftp+d; ? fUg;gL " ,it rup ? ,it jtwhapd; ...
vJif eak;:
bra;a[spy; Kjy; vGj;J msbthj;jpUf;f ,uz;lhk; vGj;J xd;wp tUtJ
vJifahFk;. v.fh: fUg;gL ? bghUis ? cUg;gl
Kuz;:
bra;a[spy; moapnyh rPupnyh vjpbujpu; bghUs; jUk; tifapy; bjhLf;fg;gLtJ
Kuz; MFk;. v.fh: Mf;fy; × mHpj;jy;
,iag[ eak;:
monjhWk; ,Wjp vGj;njh/ brhy;nyh ,iae;J tuj; bjhLg;gJ ,iag[
MFk;.
v.fh: ... g[fGilj; bja;tk; ? ...bghUbsd; bry;tk;
mzp eak;:
fz;zjhrd; ,g;ghlypy;/ flt[Sf;F ,izahf
àhndhu; fhyf;fzpjk;
ehndhu; g[fGilaj; bja;tk;~ vd cUtfg;gLj;jp cs;sjhy; ,g;ghlypy;
cUtf mzp gapd;W te;Js;sJ.
re;j eak;:
re;jk; jkpGf;Fr; brhe;jk; vd;gjw;F Vw;g/ ,g;ghlypy; `vz;rPu; fHpbeoyo~
Mrpupa tpUj;jk; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ. mftnyhira[ld; ,dpa re;j eaKk;
bgw;Ws;sJ.
M) fUizadpd; jha; kiwt[ ? ftpjh+;ryp
Kd;Diu:
jhapd; md;ig vGj cyf bkhHpfs; nghjhJ. jhia ,He;j Jauk; brhy;ypy;
brhy;y ,ayhJ. jhia ,He;j fUizadpd; fz;zPu; brhw;fis mwpnthk;.
tPukhKdptupd; ctik cUtf ftpjh+;ryp:
kyu;g;gLf;if:
fUizadpd; jha; kiwe;Jtpl;lhs;. fUizad; jd; ifiaf; Ftpj;Jg;
g{kpj;jhna- vd; md;idapd; cliyf; fhg;ghahf vd;W Twp/ FHpapny
kyu;g;gLf;ifiag; gug;gpdhd;. md;idapd; cliy kz;zpl;L @o
kyu;fisa[k; jd; fz;zPiua[k; bghHpe;jhd;.
,sk;gapu; thl;lk;:
vd; jhapd; khu;gpy; kzpkhiybad mire;J thH;e;njnd- ,g;bghGJ
,sk;gapu; tsu;e;J Kjpu;e;J fha;e;J kzpahF Kd;ng/ J}a kzp nghd;w kiHj;Jsp
,d;wp thof; fha;e;J tpl;lJ nghy ehDk; thLfpnwd;. vd; kdk; kuf;fpisapy;
,Ue;J gwpf;fg;gl;l kyu;nghy; thLfpwJ.
mk;g[ Jisj;j ntjid:
jPiaa[k; e+;ira[k; jd; Kidapy; bfhz;l mk;g[ Jisj;jjhy; Vw;gLk;
g[z;zpd; typiag; nghy vd; Jauk; ntjid jUfpwJ. Jiziag; gpupe;j xU
gwitiag; nghy ehd; ,f;fhl;oy; mGJ thLfpnwd;.
jtpg;g[:
rupe;j tGf;F epyg;gFjpapny jdpna tplg;gl;Lr; bry;Yk; tHp bjupahky;
jtpg;gtd; nghy; Mndd;. etkzpfs; gjpj;j kzpkhiyfis ,izj;jJ
nghd;W ey;y mwd;fs; vy;yhk; xU nfhitahf ,izj;j jtj;ijna mzpe;j
khu;gdhfpa fUizad; g[yk;gpdhd;.
capu;fs; mGjy;:
g[yk;giyf; nfl;L gy;ntW ,irfis ,af;fpaJ nghy; njd; kyu;fs;njhWk;
kzk; tPRk; kyu;fSk;/ kyu;e;j Rid njhWk; cs;s gwitfSk;/ tz;LfSk;
mf;fhl;odpny mGtd nghyf; Tr;rypl;ld.
Kot[iu:
tPukhKdptu; ctik/ cUtf kyu;fshy; jd; ftpij @yk; vyprbgj;Jf;F
m+;ryp brYj;jpa[s;shu;.
39. m) bfhnuhdh ? Cul=;F ? gaDs;s neuk; ? ez;gDf;Ff; fojk;
15.09.22
j+;rht{u;.
md;g[s;s ez;gd; fgpyDf;F/
Kfpyd; vGJtJ. eyk;. eykwpa Mty;. fle;j ,uz;liu Mz;L fhykhf
ek;ik thl;o tijj;j bgUe;bjhw;W ek;ikbay;yhk; tPl;onyna Klf;fp
itj;jJ. mt;thW Klf;fp itj;jhYk; me;j neuj;ij ehd; gaDw fHpj;njd;.
148   jkpH;
tHf;fk;nghy; fhiyapy; vGe;J vd; je;ija[ld; taYf;Fr; bry;ntd;.
tay;btspapy; vdf;Fj; bjupe;j cjtpfis bra;ntd;. vd; mz;zd; fzpdpj;
bjhHpy;El;gk; goj;J tPl;onyna gzp bra;Jte;jjhy;/ mtdplk; fzpdp
bjhlu;ghd midj;Jk; nfl;L bjupe;J bfhz;nld;. ,g;nghJ fzpdp jkpHpy;
jl;lr;Rk; bra;ntd;. mjdhy; bfhnuhdh Cul=;F fhyk; vdf;F gaDs;sjhf
,Ue;jJ. eP vt;thW fHpj;jha; vd;gij vd; fojk; fz;lt[ld; bjupag;gLj;J.
md;g[ld;/
f. Kfpyd;.
ciwnky; Kftup:
bgWeu;
fp. fgpyd;/
23/ fhe;jpefu;/
kJiu ? 1.
M) czt[g; ghJfhg;g[ MizaUf;Ff; fojk;
ghu;f;f: PTA 1 - tpdhj;jhs; 2 ? tpdh vz; 39 (m).
bganuh md;dka;ah
,l;lnjh md;dk;
bjhl;lnjh kdR
grp vd;w jPapy;
bte;J te;j tHpnghf;fDf;F
f+;rpf; fisak; bfhLj;J
be+;rk; Fspu itj;jhu;
41. cWg;gpdu; nru;f;if gotk;
1. khztupd; bgau; : g{=;FHyp
2. ghypdk; : bgz;
3. gpwe;j njjp : 17.01.2005
4. njrpa ,dk; : ,e;jpad;
5. bgw;nwhu;'ghJfhtyu; bgau; : epytd;
6. ,uj;j tif : O+
7. cauk; kw;Wk; vil : 157.5 br.kP (5.17 mo)/ 55 fp.
8. tPl;L Kftup : 112/ fk;gu; bjU/ ghujpefu;/
flY}u; khtl;lk;.
9. bjhiyngrp'miyngrp vz; : 8883681115
10. ,Wjpahfg; goj;J Koj;j tFg;g[ : gj;jhk; tFg;g[
11. gs;spapd; Kftup : efuhl;rp nky;epiyg;gs;sp/ flY}u;.
12. nru tpUk;g[k; tpisahl;L : fhy;ge;J
nru;f;if vz;: 216
150   jkpH;
,y;yhky; thH;ehs; KGtJk; bjhlu;e;J ciHf;fpd;w bgUkf;fs; cHtu;
bgUkf;fns Mtu;.
cHt[j; bjhHpypd; ,d;wpaikahik:
cyfpy; eilbgWk; bjhHpy;fspy; Kjd;ikj; bjhHpyhd cHt[j; bjhHpiy
cHt[ vd;gJ bjhHpyy;y. cyfpy; thH;fpd;w kf;fspd; capu; MjhukhFk;. cyf
kf;fspd; grp/ gl;odp ,y;yhky; kfpH;thf thH cHt[ ,d;wpaikahjjhf cs;sJ.
cHt[j;bjhHpy; nkd;ik mila ntz;Lk; vd;W r=;ffhyk; bjhl;L nghw;wp
te;jdu;. ~RHd;Wk; Vu;g; gpd;dJ cyfk;~ vd;W ts;Stu; nghw;Wfpwhu;. ,e;j
cz;ikia btspg;gLj;Jk; tifapy;/
~v=;f Vnuhl;lk; epd;D nghdh
c=;ff; fhnuhl;lk; vd;dthFk;~ vd;fpwhu; ftp+u; fz;zjhrd;.
cHt[j; bjhHpypd; nkd;ikia czu;e;nj murh=;fKk; ntshz;ik
cw;gj;jpiag; bgUf;Fk; tifapy; Ie;jhz;Lj; jpl;l=;fs; cs;spl;l ey;y gy
jpl;l=;fspd; tHpahft[k;/ jw;fhyj;jpy; mjw;F khw;whf epjp Mnahf;fpd; thapyhft[k;
ntshz; Jiwf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspj;J tUfpwJ.
cHtu;fis kjpj;jy;:
tptrhak; bra;a[k; tptrhap ,e;jpahtpd; KJbfYk;g[ vd;fpwhu; fhe;jp. cHtu;fs;
nrw;wpy; fhiy itf;fhtpl;lhy; ehk; thapy; nrhw;iw itf;f KoahJ vd;gij
czu;e;J cHtu;fis kjpj;J thH;nthk;-
czit tPzhf;fhky; cz;Qjy;:
`cz;o bfhLj;njhnu capu; bfhLj;njhu;~ vd;w thf;fpw;fpz=;f/ czit
tPzhf;fhky; grpnahL thLgtu;fSf;F cztspg;nghk;. czt[ capu;
thH;f;iff;F Mjhuk;. cyfpy; vj;jidnah ngu; cztpd;wp ,wf;fpwhu;fs;. Mjyhy;
czit tPzhf;fhky; cz;nghk;-
Kot[iu:
ve;jj; bjhHpy;fs; bra;jhYk; tptrhak; vd;w bjhHpy; ,y;iybad;why; cyfk;
,y;iy. cztpd;wp xUehSk; thH ,ayhJ. mjdhy; cHtiug; nghw;Wnthk;-
cHt[j;bjhHpy; bra;nthk;--
M) `rhiyg; ghJfhg;g[ capu; ghJfhg;g[~ ? Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L fl;Liu vGJjy;.
Kd;Diu:
thfd=;fs; Xl;o bry;Yk; rhiyapy; ele;J bry;gtu;fSk; rhiy tpjpfisg;
gpd;gw;wp elf;f ntz;Lk;. rhiy tpjpfisg; gpd;gw;whky; elg;gjdhy; rhiy
tpgj;Jfs; mjpfkhf elf;fpd;wd. rhiy tpjpfis vt;thW gpd;gw;wp elf;f
ntz;Lk; vd;gijg; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liu tpsf;FfpwJ.
capu;g; ghJfhg;g[:
`muRf;Fk; jdpahUf;Fk; kf;fs; fdt[fis....
tpgj;jpy; Tlth nghl;o..> ePjp kd;w=;fspy; ,d;dKk;
nghl;o nghl;L nj=;fp ,Ug;gbjy;yhk;...
,oj;J mHpf;fpwhu;fs; tpgj;J tHf;Ffs; jhd;....~
? vd;fpwhu; ftp+u; jkpH; epyh. rhiy vd;gJ tpisahl;L ikjhdk; my;y.
ftdkpy;yhky; thfd=;fis Xl;LtJ/ ntfkhf thfd=;fis Xl;LtJ/
miyngrp gad;gLj;jpf;bfhz;L thfd=;fis ,af;FtJ Mfpait tpgj;jpid
Vw;gLj;jp kuzj;jpw;F tHptFf;fpd;wd. rhiyiag; ghJfhg;ghf gad;gLj;jpdhy;
tpgj;jpypUe;J ek;ikg; ghJfhj;Jf; bfhs;s Koa[k;.
rhiy tpjpfs;:
mDkjpf;fg;gl;l jpirapy; ,y;yhky; vjpu;jpirapy; thfdj;ijg; gpd;dhy;
brYj;jf; TlhJ. jlf; nfhLfs; ,lg;gl;l rhiyfspy;/ jlj;jpd; cs;nsna
thfdj;ijr; brYj;j ntz;Lk;. jlk; khw neu;e;jhy;/ khWtjw;F Kd;g[ cupa
if iriffs; (,z;onfl;lu;) fhl;l ntz;Lk;. rhiyr; re;jpg;g[/ ghjrhupfs;
flf;Fk; ,lk; nghd;w ,l=;fis mQFk;nghJ/ rhiy kPJ/ èpWj;jk;~ vd;w
milahsj;ijf; fz;lhy;/ thfdj;ij epWj;jf; nfhl;Lf;F Kd;dhy; thfdj;ij
epWj;j ntz;Lk;.
Cu;jp Xl;LeUf;fhd bewpfs;:
`jiyf;ftrk; capu;f; ftrk;~
`100 ,y; nghdhy; 108 tUk;~
rhiyapy; ,lg;gf;fk; tz;oia Xl;l ntz;Lk;. milahsg; gyiffis
mwpe;J thfd=;fis Xl;l ntz;Lk;. kfpGe;jpy; bry;gtu;fs; fl;lhak;
,Uf;if gl;il mzpantz;Lk;. jPaizg;g[ Cu;jpf;Fk;/ gpzpahsu; Cu;jpf;Fk;
Kd;Dupik je;J tHptpl ntz;Lk;
tpgj;jpidj; jtpu;g;nghk; tpHpg;g[zu;t[ jUnthk;:
cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; btspapl;oUf;Fk; rkPgj;jpa mwpf;if xd;W jpLf;fpLk;
g[s;sptptuj;ijj; jUfpwJ. 2006 ? 2007 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; 178 ehLfspy;
elj;jg;gl;l Ma;tpd; mog;gilapyhd mwpf;ifapd;go/ Rkhu; 12 ,yl;rj;Jf;Fk;
mjpfkhndhu; rhiy tpgj;Jfspy; Mz;LnjhWk; kuzkiltjhfj; bjupfpwJ.
gLfhakilnthupd; vz;zpf;if ,uz;liu nfhof;Fk; mjpfk;.
Kot[iu:
tsu;e;j ehLfspy; thfd=;fs; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhYk; ,e;jpahtpy; kl;Lk;
tpgj;J mjpfkhf cs;sJ. tpgj;Jf; Fiwthd $g;ghd;/ RtPld;/ M!;jpnuypah
nghd;w ehLfspy; kpff; Fiwthfnt rhiy tpgj;Jfs; eilbgWfpwJ. Mfnt
ehKk; rhiy tpjpfis gpd;gw;wp tpgj;J ,y;yh ,e;jpahit cUthf;Fnthk;.
***
152   jkpH;
tpdhj;jhs;
muR tpdhj;jhs; ? nk 2022
tFg;g[: X jkpH; 10
1. ntu;f;fliy/ kpsfha; tpij/ kh=;bfhl;il Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk; gapu;tif
???????.
m) Fiytif M) kzptif
,) bfhGe;Jtif <) ,iytif
2. `b$afhe;jd; rpWfijfs; ,Uf;fpwjh>~ vd;W E}yfuplk; tpdt[jy; ???????.
m) mwptpdh M) bfhsy; tpdh ,) mwpah tpdh <) Vty; tpdh
3. `XbuGj;jy; nrhiy ? ,uz;blGj;jpy; tdk;~ ? vd;w g[jpUf;fhd tpiliaj; nju;f.
m) fhL M) ehL ,) tPL <) njhL
4. `J}Rk; JfpUk; MuKk; mfpYk;~ ? ,g;ghlyo ,lk;bgw;Ws;s E}y; ???????.
m) kzpnkfiy M) njk;ghtzp ,) fk;guhkhazk; <) rpyg;gjpfhuk;
5. Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpd; kfj;jhd rhjida[k; rthYkhf b$afhe;jd; fUJtJ ???????.
m) murpd; eyj;jpl;l=;fisr; bray;gLj;jy;
M) bgw;w Rje;jpuj;ijg; ngzpf;fhj;jy;
,) mwptpay; Kd;ndw;wk;
<) btspehl;L KjyPLfs;
6. kyu;tpHp ghodhs; ? ,j;bjhlu; ???????.
m) bghJbkhHp M) jdpbkhHp ,) bjhlu;bkhHp <) mLf;Fj;bjhlu;
7. bfhSj;Jk; btapy; rl;bldj; jzpe;jJ. thdk; ,Uz;lJ. thilf; fhw;W tPrpaJ
? vd;w eakpF bjhlUf;F Vw;w jiyg;g[ ???????.
m) tdj;jpd; eldk; M) kpjf;Fk; thrk;
,) bkhl;od; tUif <) fhw;wpd; ghly;
8. bka;fPu;j;jp vd;gJ ???????.
m) g[ytu;fshy; vGjg;gl;Lf; fy;jr;ru;fshy; fy;yhy; bghwpf;fg;gLgit
M) kd;du;fspd; g[fiH Xiyr;Rtofspy; vGjpitg;gJ
,) xUtuJ g[fiHg; g[ytu;fs; g[fH;e;J ghLk; ,yf;fpa tif
<) mwf;fUj;Jfs; ml=;fpa E}y;
9. mwp+Uf;F E}y;/ mwp+uJ E}y; Mfpa brhw;bwhlu;fspy; bghUis ntWgLj;jf;
fhuzkhf miktJ ???????.
m) vGtha; M) ntw;Wik cUg[
,) ctk cUg[ <) cupr;brhy;
10. jkpHpdj;ij xd;WgLj;Jk; ,yf;fpakhf k.bgh.rp fUjpaJ ???????.
m) jpUf;Fws; M) g[wehD}W
,) fk;guhkhazk; <) rpyg;gjpfhuk;
11. `fhdil~ vd;gijg; gpupj;jhy;/ bghUe;jhj bjhliuj; nju;f.
m) fhd; mil ? fhl;ilr; nru; M) fhd; eil ? fhl;Lf;F elj;jy;
,) fhy; eil ? fhyhy; elj;jy; <) fhy; cil ? fhyhy; cilj;jy;
``bre;jkpnH- cs;Sapnu brg;gupa epd;bgUik
ve;jkpH;eh vt;thW vLj;nj ciutpupf;Fk;>
Ke;ijj; jdpg;g[fGk; KfpH;j;j ,yf;fpaKk;
tpe;ij beLepiyg;g[k; ntwhu; g[fGiua[k;~~
12. `ve;jkpH;eh~ vd;gjidg; gpupj;jhy; ,t;thW tUk;
m) ve; + jkpH; + eh M) ve;j + jkpH; + eh
,) vk; + jkpH; + eh <) ve;jk; + jkpH; + eh
13. bre;jkpH; vd;gJ ???????.
m) gz;g[j;bjhif M) tpidj;bjhif
,) ctikj;bjhif <) ck;ikj;bjhif
14. cs;Sapnu vd;W ftp+u; ahiu miHf;fpwhu;>
m) jk; jhia M) jkpH; bkhHpia
,) jha; ehl;il <) jk; FHe;ijia
15. `ntwhu; g[fGiua[k;~ ? ,j;bjhlupy; `ntwhu;~ vd;gJ ???????.
m) jkpHu; M) rhd;nwhu;
,) ntw;WbkhHpapdu; <) g[ytu;

gpupt[ ? 1
vitnaDk; ehd;F tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;ft[k;. tpdh vz; 21?f;F
fl;lhakhf tpilaspf;ft[k;. 4×2=8
16. trd ftpij ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
m) brhw;bghHpt[fisf; nfl;gjd; @ykhf k.bgh.rp. ,yf;fpa mwpt[ bgw;whu;.
M) 1906 ? Mk; Mz;L t.c. rpjk;gudhu; M=;fpnyau;fSf;F vjpuhfr; Rnjrpf;
fg;gy; epWtdj;ijj; bjhl=;fpdhu;.
18. Fwpg;g[ tiuf ? mitak;.
19. ``kd;D+; rpyk;ng- kzpnk fiytont-
Kd;Dk; epidthy; KojhH thH;j;Jtnk-~~ ? ,t;tofspy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s
fhg;gpa=;fisj; jtpu v+;rpa[s;s Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpa=;fspd; bgau;fis vGJf.
20. jhtu=;fspd; ,sk; gapu; tiffisf; Fwpf;Fk; brhw;fspy; ehd;fpid vGJf.
21. `Kaw;rp~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; jpUf;Fwis vGJf.
154   jkpH;
gpupt[ ? 2
vitnaDk; Ie;J tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;ft[k;. 5×2=10
22. brhw;fspy; kiwe;Js;s bjhiffis milahsk; fz;L bjhlupy; mikf;f.
m) ,d;brhy; M) vGfjpu;
23. `thH;f~ gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.
24. ,U brhw;fisa[k; xnu bjhlupy; mikj;J vGJf.
m) tpL ? tPL M) bfhL ? nfhL
25. btz;gh/ Mrpupag;ghtpd; Xirfis vGJf.
26. fiyr;brhw;fs; jUf. m) Belief m) Philosopher
27. tUfpd;w nfhil tpLKiwapy; fhw;whiy kpd;cw;gj;jpia neupy; fhz;gjw;F
Muy;tha;bkhHpf;Fr; bry;fpnwd;. ? ,j;bjhlu; fhy tGtikjpf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf
miktJ vt;thW>
28. re;jf; ftpijapy; te;j gpiHfisj; jpUj;Jf.
``njzpny Cupa bre;jkpHpd; ? Rit
njUk; rpyg;gjp fhukij
Cdpny vk;Kapu; cy;yyt[k; ? epjk;
Xjp a[du;e;jpd; g[Unthnk.~~
gFjp - III (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 18)

gpupt[ ? 1
29. ``g[spa=;fd;W MHkhf elg;gl;Ls;sJ~~ ? ,Jnghy; ,sk; gapu; tif @d;wpd;
bgau;fisj; bjhlu;fspy; mikf;f.
mwk; TWk; kd;w=;fs; murdpd; mwbewp Ml;rpf;Fj; Jizg[upe;jd. mwk;
TW mitak; gw;wp `mwk; mwf;fz;l bewpkhd; mitak;~ vd;fpwJ g[wehD}
W/ ciwa{upypUe;j mw mitak; jdpr;rpwg;g[g; bgw;wJ vd;W ,yf;fpa=;fs;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. kJiuapy; ,Ue;j mitak; gw;wp kJiuf;fh+;rp Fwpg;gpLfpwJ"
m=;Fs;s mitak; Jyhf;nfhy; nghy eLepiy kpf;fJ vd;fpwJ.
m) murdpd; mwbewp Ml;rpf;Fj; Jizg[upe;jit vit>
M) mitak; gw;wp g[wehD}W TWtJ ahJ>
,) kJiuapy; ,Ue;j mitak; vg;go ,Ue;jjhf kJiuf;fh+;rp Fwpg;gpLfpwJ>
31. tWikapYk; gog;gpd; kPJ ehl;lk; bfhz;ltu; k.bgh.rp. vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;W jUf.
gpupt[ ? 2
vitnaDk; ,uz;L tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpilaspf;ft[k;. tpdh vz; 34?f;F
fl;lhakhf tpilaspf; ntz;Lk;. 2×3=6
32. fk;guhkhazk; ? E}w;Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
33. jkpHd;idia thH;j;Jtjw;fhd fhuz=;fshfg; ghtynuW fl;Ltd ahit>
34. mo gpwHhky; vGJf.
m) ``md;id bkhHpna~~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; ghtynuW bgU+;rpj;jpudhupd; ghly;.
(my;yJ)
M) `ètkzp tlf;f apy;nghy;~~ vdj; bjhl=;Fk; njk;ghtzpg; ghly;.
gpupt[ ? 3
35. njhl;lj;jpy; ky;ypifg;g{ gwpj;j g{=;bfho/ tUk; tHpapy; ML khLfSf;Fj;
jz;zPu;j; bjhl;oapy; FoePu; epug;gpdhs;/ tPl;oDs; te;jts; Rtu;f; fofhuj;jpy;
kzp ghu;j;jhs;. ? ,g;gj;jpapy; cs;s bjhifepiyj; bjhlu;fspd; tiffisf;
Fwpg;gpl;L tpupj;J vGJf.
36. jPtf mzpia tpsf;fp/ mjd; tiffis vGJf.
37. `fUtpa[k; fhyKk; bra;ifa[k; bra;a[k;
mUtpida[k; khz;l jikr;R~ ? ,f;Fwl;ghtpid myfpl;L tha;ghL jUf.

gpupt[ ? 1
38. m) fUizadpd; jha; kiwt[f;F tPukhKdptu; g{f;fs; nghd;w ctikfshYk;
cUtf kyu;fshYk; epfH;j;jpa ftpjh+;rypia tptupf;f.
(my;yJ)
M) `fhyf;fzpjk;~ ftpijapy; ftp+u; fz;zjhrd; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s fUj;JfSs;
c=;fisf; ftu;e;j Ie;J fUj;Jfis vGJf.
39. m) bgUe;bjhw;W Vw;gLtijj; jLf;fj; njitahd Kd;bdr;rupf;iffis
tptupj;Jr; rpw;W}upy; cs;s c=;fsJ jhj;jh ghl;of;Ff; fojk; xd;iw vGJf.
(my;yJ)
M) c=;fs; bjUtpy; kpd;tpsf;Ffs; gGjile;Js;sd. mjdhy; ,utpy; rhiyapy;
ele;J bry;nthUf;F Vw;gLk; ,ila{Wfis vGjp Mtd bra;a[k;go
kpd;thupa mYtyUf;Ff; fojk; vGJf.
40. glk; czu;j;Jk; fUj;ij eaKW Ie;J bjhlu;fspy; vGJf.
41.
tPl;L vz;: 21/ t.c. rpjk;gudhu; bjU/ fqu; khtl;lj;jpy; muR nky;epiyg;
gs;spapy; gj;jhk; tFg;gpid epiwt[ bra;j btw;wpr;bry;tdpd; kfd; Fznrfud;
nky;epiy tFg;gpy; nru tpUk;g[fpwhu;. nju;tu; jd;id Fznrfudhff; fUjp
bfhLf;fg;gl;l nky;epiy tFg;g[r; nru;f;if tpz;zg;gg;gotj;jpid epug;g[f.
tpilfs; muR tpdhj;jhs; ? nk 2022 tpdhj;jhs; ? 10
gFjp ?I
1. M) kzptif 8. m) g[ytu;fshy; vGjg;gl;Lf;
2. M) bfhsy; tpdh fy;jr;ru;fshy; fy;yhy;
3. m) fhL bghwpf;fg;gLgit
4. <) rpyg;gjpfhuk; 9. M) ntw;Wik cUg[
5. M) bgw;w Rje;jpuj;ijg; 10. <) rpyg;gjpfhuk;
ngzpf;fhj;jy; 11. <) fhy; cil ? fhyhy; cilj;jy;
6. ,) bjhlu;bkhHp 12. ,) vk; + jkpH; + eh
7. <) fhw;wpd; ghly; 13. m) gz;g[j;bjhif
14. M) jkpH; bkhHpia
15. ,) ntw;WbkhHpapdu;
gFjp ? II
16.
ciueila[k; ftpija[k; ,ize;J ahg;g[f; fl;LfSf;F mg;ghw;gl;L
cUthf;fg;gLk; ftpij totk; trd ftpij vdg;gLk;.
17. m) k.bgh.rp vt;thW ,yf;fpa mwpt[ bgw;wtu;>
M) ve;j Mz;L t.c.rp M=;fpnyau;fSf;F vjpuhfr; Rnjrpf; fg;gy; epWtdj;ijj;
bjhl=;fpdhu;>
18.  murdpd; mwbewp Ml;rpf;Fj; Jizg[upa[k; mwk;TWk; kd;w=;fs; mitak;
vdg;gl;ld.
``mwk; mwf;fz;l bewpkhd; mitak;~~ vd;fpwJ g[wehD}W.
kJiuapy; ,Ue;j mitak; Jyhf;nfhy; nghy; eLepiy kpf;fJ vd;fpwJ
kJiuf;fh+;rp.
19. rPtf rpe;jhkzp/ tisahgjp/ Fz;lynfrp.
20. ehw;W/ fd;W/ FUj;J/ gps;is/ Fl;o.
21. Kaw;rp jpUtpid Mf;Fk; Kaw;wpd;ik
,d;ik g[Fj;jp tpLk;
22. m) ,d;brhy; ? gz;g[j;bjhif ? ,dpikahd brhy; TWjy; rhd;nwhUf;F mHF
M) vGfjpu; ? tpidj;bjhif ? kdpj thH;f;if vGfjpu; nghd;wJ.
23. thH;f ? thH; + f"
thH; ? gFjp/ f ? tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp.
24. m) tpL ? tPL : mfe;ijia tpL/ tPL ngW (brhu;f;fk;) fpilf;Fk;.
M) bfhL ? nfhL : ,
uhftd; jd; ez;gd; bfhLj;j mst[nfhiyf; bfhz;L
nfhL tiue;jhd;.
25. btz;gh ? brg;gnyhir" Mrpupag;gh ? mftnyhir.
158   jkpH;
26. m) Belief - ek;gpf;if
M) Philosopher - bka;apayhu;.
27. tUk; nfhil tpLKiwapy; fhw;whiy kpd;cw;gj;jpia neupy; fhz;gjw;F
Muy;tha;bkhHpf;Fr; bry;ntd;.
28. ``njdpny Cwpa bre;jkpHpd; ? Rit
njWk; rpyg;gjp fhukij
Cdpny vk;Kapu; cs;sst[k; ? epjk;
Xjp a[zu;e;jpd; g[Wnthnk~~
29. ,sk; gapu; tiffspd; bjhlu;fs;:
gps;is ? bjd;dk; gps;is th=;fp te;njd;.
fd;W ? kh=;fd;W brHpj;J tsu;e;Js;sJ.
ehw;W ? njhl;lj;jpy; fj;jupehw;W el;lhu;.
tlyp ? njhg;gpy; gidtlypiaf; fz;nld;.
FUj;J ? thiHapd; FUj;J ePz;Ls;sJ.
30. m) mwk; TWk; kd;w=;fs;.
M) mwk; mwf;fz;l bewpkhd; mitak;.
,) Jyhf;nfhy; nghy eLepiy kpf;fJ.
31. tWikapYk; gog;gpd; kPJ ehl;lk; bfhz;ltu; k.bgh.rp:
E}y; th=;Ftjw;Fg; nghjpa gzkpy;yhj tWik epiyapYk; giHa
g[j;jf=;fs; tpw;Fk; filf;Fr; brd;W kpff;Fiwe;j tpiyf;Fg; g[j;jf=;fs;
th=;Fthu;. czt[f;fhf itj;jpUf;Fk; gzj;jpy; g[j;jf=;fis th=;fptpl;Lg;
gl;odp fple;jpUf;fpwhu;.
32. fk;guhkhazk; ? E}w;Fwpg;g[:
tlbkhHpapy; thy;kPfp vd;gtuhy; vGjg;gl;l ,uhkhazk; thy;kPfp
,uhkhazk;. fk;gu; ,aw;wpa ,uhkhazk; vd;gjhy; fk;guhkhazk;.
MW fhz;l=;fs; bfhz;lJ. ghyfhz;lk;/ mnahj;jpah fhz;lk;/ Muz;a
fhz;lk;/ fpl;fpe;jh fhz;lk;/ Re;ju fhz;lk;/ a[j;j fhz;lk;.
113 gly=;fs; cilaJ.
10569 ghly;fs; bfhz;lJ.
33. jkpHd;idia thH;j;Jtjw;fhd fhuz=;fs;:
md;id bkhHpna- mHfhd bre;jkpnH-
gHikf;Fg; gHikaha;j; njhd;wpa eW=;fdpna-
Fkupf;fz;lj;jpy; epiybgw;W murhl;rp brYj;jpa kz;Qyfg; nguunr-
ghz;oadpd; kfns- jpUf;Fwspd; bgUk; bgUikf;Fupatns-
ghl;Lk;/ bjhifa[k; Mdtns- gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;nf- epiyj;j
rpyg;gjpfhunkmHfhd kzpnkfiyna-
fly; bfhz;l Fkupapy; epiyaha; epd;W murhl;rp bra;j bgUe;jkpH; munr-
bgh=;fpbaGk; epidt[fshy; jiygzpe;J jkpnH cd;id thH;j;Jfpd;nwhk;.
160   jkpH;
bry;tu; thspy; rpiwg;gl khl;nld;. gjtp thSf;Fg; gag;gl khl;nld;.
md;g[k;/ tpUg;gKk; kpFe;J Mir jUtij tpUk;g[ntd;. vd;dplk; cz;L
vd;why;/ gpwu; cz;zj; jUntd;. ,y;iy vd;why; gpwu; ,y;yk; jl;Lntd;.
tz;L nghy khwp kyupy; mku;e;J/ Foj;j njid Cu;g;g[wk; jUntd;. fk;gd;/
ghujp/ ghujpjhrd; Mfpnahu; brhy;yhj fUj;Jfisr; brhy;ypl Kaw;rpg;ngd;.
vd;Dly; g[fH;e;jhy; g[y;yupf;fhJ. ,fH;e;jhy; vd; kdk; ,we;J tplhJ. vd;
ftpij thf;F@yk; mij itj;J ,we;j gpwF jPu;g;ig vGJ=;fs;. fy;/ kuk;/
tpy=;fhf khw ehd; fhl;L tpy=;F fpilahJ.
khw;wk; vdJ khdplj; jj;Jtk;. khWk; cyfpd; kfj;Jtk; mwpntd;. ed;ik/
jPik mwpe;J Vw;Fk; vd; rhiy. jiytu; khWthu;fs;/ ju;ghu; khWk;/ jj;Jtk;
kl;Lk; Fiwahj ml;rag; ghj;jpuk;. Vw;Wf;bfhs;nthu; Vw;Wf;bfhs;sl;Lk;"
J}w;Wnthu; J}w;wl;Lk;. tha;r;brhw;fs; clk;gpidj; bjhlhJ. ehnd bjhlf;fk;"
ehnd Kot[. ehd; brhy;tJjhd; ehl;od; rl;lk;.
39. m) jhj;jh ghl;of;Ff; fojk; vGjjy;.
MLJiw/
26.08.2022.
md;g[s;s jhj;jh ghl;of;F/
eyk;. eykwpa Mty;. fle;j ,uz;L Mz;Lfshf bgUe;bjhw;W (bfhnuhdh)
gutp kf;fis Ml;otpf;fpwJ. bghJthf tajpy; Kjpatu;fisj; jhd; mjpfk;
ghjpf;fpwJ. mjdhy; eP=;fs; ,UtUk; kpfg; ghJfhg;ghf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. fpUkp
ehrpdp/ nrhg;g[ nghd;wtw;iwg; gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. fl;lhak; Kff;ftrk;
mzpa[=;fs;. Nlhd ePu;/ Nlhd czt[g; bghUisg; gad;gLj;J=;fs;. bjhw;W
Fiwe;j gpwF ehd; neupy; tUfpnwd;.
,g;gof;F/
c=;fs; md;g[ ngud;/
f. kpspud;.
ciwnky; Kftup:
bgWeu;
tP. Mde;jd;/
72/ neU efu;/
nryk; ? 2.
M) kpd;thupa mYtyUf;Ff; fojk; vGJjy;.
ghu;f;f: muR khjpup tpdhj;jhs; 2019?20 ? tpdhj;jhs; 1 ? tp.vz;: 39 (m).
md;idapd; iffs; md;dkpLfpd;wd.
md;igg; bghHpe;J ghrj;ij Cl;Lfpd;wd.
rpWFHe;ijfnshL bgUk; @jhl;oa[k; ,Uf;fpwhs;.
bgupnahUf;Fk; rpwpnahUf;Fk; ew;Ritahw;Wfpwhs;.
,y;ywk; nghw;Wk; ,y;yj;jurpapd; ew;Fzk; thHpa.
41. nky;epiy tFg;g[ ? nru;f;if tpz;zg;gg; gotk; epug;g[jy;.
ghu;f;f: muR khjpup tpdhj;jhs; 2019?20 ? tpdhj;jhs; 1 ? tpdh vz;: 39 (m).
42. m) ,d;brhy; ngRtjdhy; tpisa[k; ed;ikfs;
gpwu; kdk; kfpGk;.
mwk; tsUk;.
g[fH; bgUFk;.
ey;y ez;gu;fs; nrUtu;.
md;g[ epiwa[k;.
M) bkhHpbgau;j;jy; ? ,aw;if:
bghd;dhd Nupad; jpdKk; fhiyapy; vGe;J mjd; xspf;fjpu;fis tPrp
,Uis kiwar; bra;a[k;. ghy; nghd;w nkf=;fs; Rw;w Muk;gpj;JtpLk;. tz;zg;
gwitfs; ,jkhd NH;epiyia jd; ,wFfis mog;gjd; @yk; cUthf;Fk;.
mHfhd tz;zj;Jg; g{r;rp kyu;fisr; Rw;wp MLk;. g{f;fspd; eWkzk; fhw;iw
epug;g[k;. me;jf; fhw;W midj;J ,l=;fspYk; gutp xU uk;kpakhd NH;epiyia
cUthf;Fk;.
43. m) r=;f fhyj;J mw=;fs; ,d;Wk; njitna:
ghu;f;f: muR tpdhj;jhs; brg;lk;gu; 21 ? tpdh vz;: 43 (m).
M) jkpHpd; brhy;tsk; ? g[jpa brhy;yhf;fj;jpw;fhd njit:
ghu;f;f: muR tpdhj;jhs; brg;lk;gu; 21 ? tpdh vz;: 43 (M).
44. m) kdpjj;ij btspg;gLj;Jk; fijkhe;ju; ? tPug;gd;
ghu;f;f: muR khjpup tpdhj;jhs; 2019?20 ? tpdhj;jhs; 1 ? tp.vz;: 44 (M).
M) nfhgy;yg[uj;J kf;fs; fijg;gFjp.
45. m) rhiyg; ghJfhg;g[ ? capu;g; ghJfhg;g[
M) kf;fs; gzpna kfj;jhd gzp.
Kd;Diu:
jkpHfj;jpd; jiyrpwe;j Kjy;tu;/ fu;ktPuu; gof;fhj nkij/ fy;tpf;fz;
jpwe;jtu;. ehl;oy; gy jiytu;fis cUthf;fpa fhkuhriug; gw;wpf; ,f;fl;Liuapy;
fhz;nghk;.
jkpHfk; je;j jtg;g[jy;tu;:
1903 $îyj; jp=;fs; 15 Mk; ehs; Fkhurhkp ? rpfhkpf;F kfdhf tpUJefupy;
gpwe;j fu;ktPuu;. gog;igj; bjhlu Koahky; ghjpapny ntiyf;Fr; brd;wtu;.
mg;nghJ gy jiytu;fspd; ngr;RfshYk;/ murpay; epfH;t[fshYk; <u;f;fg;gl;L
jk;ika[k; mjpy; ,izj;Jf; bfhz;lhu;.
162   jkpH;
ehl;Lg;gw;W:
tpLjiyg; nghuhl;lj;jpy; <Lgl;L/ cg;g[r;rj;jpahfpufj;jpy; g=;F bfhz;L
rpiwr; brd;whu;. M=;fpnyaupd; Mjpf;fj;jpypUe;J tpLjiy bgw ntz;Lk;
vz;zp filrp tiu jpUkzk; bra;ahky; thH;e;j jd;dpfuw;w jiytu; Mthu;.
bkhHpg;gw;W:
1957 ? 58 ,y; brd;id khfhzj;jpd; epjpepiyia jkpHpy; tH=;fpdhu;. 1956
Mk; Mz;L jkpH; Ml;rp bkhHpahft[k;/ 1960 Mk; Mz;L fiyr;brhy; mfuhjpa[k;
,tuhy; bfhz;L tug;gl;lJ.
bghJthH;tpy; J}a;ik:
bghJthH;tpy; J}a;ik bfhz;l ,tu; Kjy;tuhf ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; jd; jhia
,uz;L @d;W ehl;fSf;F nky; brd;idapy; cs;s jdJ tPl;oy; j=;f itj;jJ
,y;iy. thlif tPl;oy; j=;f itj;jhu;.
vspik:
ViHahfg; gpwe;J vspikahf thH;e;J vy;nyhu; kdj;jpYk; epiwe;J/ jd;dplk;
gznkh/ t=;fpf; fzf;nfh ,y;yhky; thH;e;J rpwe;j bgUik fhkuhrUf;nf cz;L.
kf;fs; gzpna kfj;jhd gzp:
fhkuhru; fhyj;jpy; bfhz;Ltug;gl;l jpl;l=;fs; ,d;Wk; epiyj;J
epw;fpwJ. gy ePu;j;njf;f=;fs;/ ntshz; jpl;l=;fs;/ tPjpnjhWk; gs;spf;Tl=;fs;/
bjhHpw;rhiyfisf; bfhz;L te;jhu;.
Kot[iu:
thH;e;jhYk; ngRk;/ kiwe;jhYk; ngRk; vd;gjw;nfw;g Cu; nghw;Wk; cj;jkuhf/
fUg;g[f; fhe;jpahf/ bgUe;jiytuhf thH;e;jtu; fhkuhru; vd;why; rhyg;bghUe;Jk;.
***

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gFjp ?I (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 15)

gFjp - II (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 18)

gFjp - III (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 18)

gFjp - V (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 24)

tpilfs; muR khjpup tpdhj;jhs; ? 2019?20 tpdhj;jhs; ? 1

kUt{u; tzpf tPjpfs; midj;J tifahd bghUl;fSk;

43. m) r=;f ,yf;fpag; ghlyofs; fPH;f;fhQk; Ie;jpd; mog;gilapy; mwr;bra;jpfis

gFjp ?I (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 15)

gFjp ? II (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 18)

gFjp ? III (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 18)

gFjp ? IV (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 25)

41. bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpz;zg;gg; gotj;jpidg; g{u;j;jp bra;f.

gFjp ?I (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 15)

gFjp ? II (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 18)

29. epfH;j;Jf;fiyapd; @d;W Fwpg;g[fs;:

f=;fh thu ,jH; btspapLk;

jkpHd; : brhy;fpnwd;. ,uh.gp.nrJgps;isapd; `ckWg;g[ytu;~ vDk;

tpilfs; PTA khjpup tpdhj;jhs; ? 3 tpdhj;jhs; ? 4

29. ,sk; gapu; tiffspd; bjhlu;fs;:

gFjp ?I (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 15)

tpilfs; PTA khjpup tpdhj;jhs; ? 4 tpdhj;jhs; ? 5

ehl;L tsk; kf;fs; tsk;

tpilfs; PTA khjpup tpdhj;jhs; ? 5 tpdhj;jhs; ? 6

43. m) r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fspd; mwf;fUj;Jfs; ,d;Wk; njitna:

gFjp ? III (kjpg;bgz;fs; : 18)

41. bfhLf;fg;gl;l nky;epiy nru;f;if tpz;zg;gg; gotj;jpidg; g{u;j;jp bra;f.

tpilfs; PTA khjpup tpdhj;jhs; ? 6 tpdhj;jhs; ? 7

38. `Kjy; kiH tpGe;jJk;~ ? `Vu; g[jpjh>~ ftpij bfhz;L tptupj;jy;.

gFjp - II (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 18)

gFjp - IV (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 25)

gFjp - V (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 24)

tpilfs; muR tpdhj;jhs; ? brg;lk;gu; 2020 tpdhj;jhs; ? 8

tpilfs; muR tpdhj;jhs; ? brg;lk;gu; 2021 tpdhj;jhs; ? 9

gFjp - II (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 18)

gFjp - III (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 18)

gFjp - IV (kjpg;bgz;fs;: 25)

tpilfs; muR tpdhj;jhs; ? nk 2022 tpdhj;jhs; ? 10

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43. m) r=;f ,yf;fpag; ghlyofs; fPH;f;fhQk; Ie;jpd; mog;gilapy; mwr;bra;jpfis

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