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T. tpkyd; mth]fspd; g';F kpf kpf bgUikg;gl itf;Fk; vd;gjpy;

vs;st[k; Iakpy;iy. ,g;g{kpapy] thGk; caphpd';fspy; jiyaha kdpjf; Fyj;Jf;F Kjy; njit czt[. KG Kjy; kdpjdpd; bjhHpYk; czit cUthf;Fk; ntshz;ikj; bjhHpy;. Nhpa kz;lyj;jpy; cs;s nfhs;fspy; bfhs;s tptrhaKk;/ Muk;gpj;jt[ld;/ mjd; tpisg;bghUl;fSf;Fk; re;jpud; fhufkhf tps';FfpwJ. kdpjd; gy bjhHpy;fspy; jd;id <LgLj;jp ,t;tptrha cz;o tpisg;bghUl]fis bfhLj;jhh] caph] tpdpnahfpf;f/ njitfis g{h;j;jp bra;a g[jd; rk;ge;ejg;gl;lth;fshy; cgbjhHpyhf bra;ag;gLfpwJ. bfhLj;njhh] vd;w KJbkhHpf;F Vw;g re;jpud;/ g[jd; jhf;fk; bfhz;l kspifg;bghUl]fs; tpahghhpfs; cUthdth]fs;. Ma;t[ nehf;fk; : kspifg; bghUs; tpahghhpfspd; rhjf';fspy; re;jpud;/ g[jd; jhf;fKk; vd;w jiyg;gpy; bra;ag;gl;l ,e;j jpl;l mwpf;if. Ma;tpd; njha;t[ fz;l nrhjpltpay; Jiwf;Fk;/ ,r]r\fj;jpw;Fk; gad; cs;sjhft[k;/ nkYk; bjhlh] Ma;t[fs; bra;a VJthFk;. jw;fhyj;jpy; g[jpa kdpj FoapUg;g[fs; cUthFk; nghJ/ Kjypy; m';F cUthtJ kspiff; fil MFk;. kpft[k; vspjhdjhft[k;/ bghpa tpahghu jpwikfSkpd;wp bjhl';fyhk;. Mdhy; rhjfhpd; KG <Lghl;oYk;/ tsh;e;j tpahghu jpwikapdhYk;
13

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16

1-k; ghtf bray;ghLfs; : cly; cWg;g[fs;/ re;njh#k;/ tUj;jk;/ KJik/

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tpahjpapypUe;J tpLjiy/ iftpLk; jd;ik/ brayhw;Wk; jpwik/ fhy;eilfis fhg]ghw;Wk; Kaw;rp/ fz;zpak; jtWjy;/ $hjpf; Tl;lj;jpy; mtkhdk;. ,ay;ghd cauk;/ epwk;/ mikg;g[/ totk;/ cly; Mnuhf;fpak;/ fw;gidj;jpwd;/ tPuk;/ xGf;fk;/ Fzk;/ Mz;ik/ bfsutk;/ ed;ik/ jPikfs;/ Ma[s;/ fy;tp/ beLe;J}ug;gazk;/ Njhl]lk;/ jiya[k; Kfj;jpy; nky; ghfKk; / vLj;j braypy; btw;wp/ njhy;tp/ thH;f;ifapy; nghuhl;lk;/ ehl;L kf;fis nfs;tp nfl]gth;. 10-k; ghtf bray;ghLfs; : tpahghuk;/ thzpgk;/ uh$rd;khdk;/ murh';f cj;jpnahfk;/ nrit/ Fjpiur]rthup/ Fj;Jr]rz;il/ tptrhak;/ itj;jpak;/ fPh;j;jp/ g[fH;/ bry;tk;/ nrkpg]g[/ kiwj;J itf;fg]gl;l g[ijay;/ jpahfk;/ cah]e;j me;j!;J/ FU/ Mrphpah]fs]/ g[z]zpaj;jpd; mst[/ kUe;J/ ke;jpu rpj;jp/ Rakhpahij/ bfsutpj;jy;/ g[fH;/ nghjid bra;a[k; jpwik/ mjpfhug;gjtp/ bry;thf;F/ Raf;fl;Lg;ghL/ mjpfhu njhuiz bry;te;jd;/ khpahij/ bgUe;jd;ik/ bghJ kjpg;g[/ bgah]/ g[fH]/ mjpfhuk;/ bfsutk;/ ek;gpf;if/ xGf;fk;/ rpj;jp/ kjpg;g[/ Fyk;/ fPh;j;jp/ kjpg]g[/ gog;g[/ nguhir/ ,y;yw eltof;if/ Kjyhsp/ ePjpgjp/ murh';fk;/ g[z;zpa ,l';fSf;F ahj;jpiu/ cyfpypUe;J tpLgly;/ murdplk; bfsutk;/ ntshz;ik/
17

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tpahghuj;jpy; bry;tr; brHpg;ig epiyehl;Lk; ghtf';fshd 11-k; ghtfKk;/ 2-k; ghtfKk; Tl mjp Kf;fpakhdJ. bry;t epiy cau cau ,ay;ghf tpahghuj;jpd; bgUf;fKk;/ <LghLk; mjpfhpg;gJ ,ay;g[. g[jpa g[jpa Kaw;rpfs;/ cf;jpfSld; ntiy bra;a/ cly; cuKk;/ mtrpak;. miye;J jphpe;J ntiyia rPuhf;f 3-k; ghtfj;jpd; jhf;fKk;/ fLk; cly; ciHg;igf; bfhLf;f Toa 6-k; ghtfj;jpd; jhf;fKk; kpf kpf mtrpak;. ,t;thW MapDk;/ ,yf;dKk;/ 10-k; ghtfKk; ,ize;J bray;gl]L Vw;gLj;Jk; tpahghu epiyna gpujhdkhdJ.

18

19

2. nfhs;fSk; mtw;wpd; fhufj;JtKk; : kspifg; bghUl]fs;/ kf;fspd; czt[ jahhpf;f kpft[k;

mj;jpahtprakhdit. ,jpy; mhprp nghd;w jhdpa tiffs;/ gUg]g[ tiffs;/ vz;bza; tpj;Jf;fs;/ fha;fwpfs;/ gH';fs; nghd;wit midj;Jk; tptrha tpisg]bghUl;fns MFk;. nkYk; ghy;/ japh]/ bea;/ btz;bza; kw;Wk; jw;fhyj;jpy; cgnahfg]gLj;Jk; krhyhg] bghUl]fs; midj;Jk; tpisg;bghUl]fisr; rhh;e;jitfns. Mf re;jpud; Kf;fpa fhufkhf kspifg] bghUl]fs; tpahghhpfSf;F tps';FfpwJ. tpahghuk; bra;tjw;F ey;y ngr]R jpwik/ rJ}h]ak;/ gy kf;fSld; bjhlh]g[ bfhs;Sk; fiy. cw;gj;jp bra;ag;gl]lg] bghUl]fs;/ njitg]gLk; egh]/ ,lk; brd;W nru nghf;Ftuj;J MfpaitfSf;F fhufkhd g[jDk; Kf;fpakhfpwJ. ,t;tpU nfhs;fspd; jhf;fk; rhjfj;jpy; cs;s epiyapy; kspifg;bghUs; tpahghhpfspd; <LghLk;/ Kd;ndw;wKk;/ bry;t epiya[k; mikfpwJ. re;jpud; : Nhpaf;FLk;gj;jpd; Jizf;nfhshd re;jpud;/ xU g{kpapd;

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20

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fth]r]rpahy;

g{kpapd;

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epy

mjph]t[fSk; njhd;WfpwJ. re;jpud; epiyiaf; bfhz;nl tpk;nrhj;jphp jpir ifahsg;gLfpwJ. re;jpu Nhpa epiyfisf; bfhz;nl g";rh';f Kiw fzf;fplg]gLfpwJ. g[tpapd; <h]g;igf; fhl]oYk; epytpd; <h]g;g[ MWkl';F Fiwt[. Mfnt tpLgL ntfKk; Fiwt[. epytpy; btg]g epiy mjpfk;. fhw;W ,y;iy. fhspjhrdpd; cj;ufhykpUjj;jpy; re;jpudpd; fhufj;Jtk; : mwpt[j;jpwd;/ kyh]/ eWkzg] bghUs;/ kfpH;r;rp/ eP]h]g;bghUs]/ bts;sp/ fl;of; fUk;g[/ gazk;/ fpzW/ Fsk;/ jha;/ eLepiyik Kj;Jf;fs;/ btz;ik/ btz;fyk;/ cg]g[/ Fs;sk]/ kdk;/ jpwik/ ituk;/ btz;ikahd epwk;/ njd;/ mDTyk;/ eifr]Rit/ Cl]lr;rj;J/ nfhJik/ ,d;gk;/ rpwg;g[ Kfk;/ rPf;fpu rpe;jid/ japh]/ g[fH;/ mHF/ fw;wth]/ ntiy bgWjy;/ xd;gJ uj;jpd';fs;/ caph]/ cz;qjy;/ btspehL bry;Yjy;/ mur tpUJ/ Cl]lrf;jp/ kPd;/ gl;lhil/ gsg;gsg]g[/ gsp';F/ bky;ypa Mil/ tptrhak;/ tpisg;bghUs;. KSK mth]fspd; E}ypd; go : ntfkhf rpe;jidj; jpwd;/ bray;/ g[j;jpTh]ik/ "hgfrf;jp/ tpiuthd jdtut[/ bts;sp/ mYkpdpak; rk;ge;jkhdJ/ ey;y bjspthd ngr]rhw;wy;/ kndh epiy/ tpiuthd jfty; bjhlh]g[/ xg;ge;jk;/ ey;y fy;tp/ tptrha epyk]/ vz;bza; fpzW/ ePh]g]gh';fhd ,lk;/ tpiuthd fhjy; cwt[/ fiyj;Jiwapy; kpFe;j Mw;wy;/ kw;wth]fSld; ,z';Fjy;/ ePh]/ ,uj;jk; rk;ge;jkhd neha;/ tpiuthd gz tut[/ ntfkhd btw;wp/ ,sk;bgz;/ ntfkhd g[zh;r;rp/ Muha;r;rpj; jpwd; cah]fy;tp/ nfs;tp "hdk;/ ePh] rk;ge;jkhdJ/ vz;bza;/ ghy]/ mhprp/ ez;gh]fs;/ ntfkhf tpUg]g';fis epiwntw;Wjy;/ tpisepy';fspy; KjyPL/ ug;gh]
21

Dr. T. tpkyd; mth]fspd; E}ypd; go : nfhs;fspd; fhufj;Jtk; gw;wp Dr.T.tpkyd; mth]fspd;

Ma;thd thy;kPfp ,uhkhazj;jpy; nrhjpltpaypd; nfhl]ghLfs; vd;Dk; E}ypy; tphpthf Twg]gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; go/ re;jpud; : jhahh]/ g{f;fs;/ fha;fwpfs;/ ePh] bjhlh]g[ila bghUs;fs;/ rsp neha;fs;/ fl;o fUk;g[/ tptrha tpisg] bghUl]fs;/ MW/ Fsk;/ fpzW/ cg]g[/ Milfs;/ ePh] thH; caphpdk;/ bghd;/ bea;/ vz;bza;/ J}f;fk;/ bts;sp/ njd;/ vr]rpy;/ gH';fs;/ epfH;fhy rpe;jid kJghdk;/ ghy;/ mYkpdpak;/ ,d;gk;/ fg]gy] bjhHpy]/ fl]Lkuk;/ kdk;/ Fs;sk;/ mwpt[f; Th]ik/ md;g[ brYj;Jgth]/ ghk;g[/ typg]g[ neha;fs; re;jpudpd; bjhHpy;fs; : jpU. K. Rg]gpukzpak; mth]fspd; cs;sgo/ t';fp CHpah]/ kUj;Jth]/ kjj;jiyth]/ bghUshjhu Profession g[j;jfj;jpy;

g[s;spapay; mYtyh]/ tf;fPy;/ ePjpgjp/ tphpt[iuahsh]/ gs;spj; jiyth]/ khYkp/ gazp/ nghf;Ftuj;J nkyhsh]/ jputg]bghUs; tpahghhp/ tptrhag] bghUs; tpahghhp/ tpw;gidahsh]/ brtpyp/ gpurt kUj;Jtr]rp/; jz;zPh] tpepnahfpg;gth]/ bgz; bjhHpyhsp/ Ru';f jhJbghUl]fs;/ bgl]nuhy;/ bgl]nuhypag;bghUl]fs]/ epyf;fhp tpahghhp/ epy]k;/ fpzW njhz;Lgth]/ fhy;tha; btl]Lgth]/ brhl]L ePh] ghrdk; mikg]ghsh]/ FHha] gGJ ghh]g]gth]/ rpiw mjpfhhp/ tofhy; thhpa bghwpahsh;/ ePh] Cw;Wf;fz;Lgpog;gth]/ vz;bza]/ bea] tpahghhp/ ePh]\H;fpf;fg]gy; khYkp kw;Wk; CHpah]/ tpw;gid gpujpepjp/ tpdpnahfp!;jh]/ Fkh!;jh/ vGj;jhsh]/ fl;Liuahsh]/ bgapz;l; ,';f; (th]zk;) jahhpg;gth]/ fzf;F jzpf;ifahsh]/ Mrphpah]/ bkhHp bgah]g;ghsh]/ J}jh]/ $t[sp (Mil) bghwpahsh]/ E}y;/ ngg]gh]/ ngdh/
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tpw;gidahsh]/ tHpfhl;o/ n$hjplh]/ mwpt[ rhh]e;j NJ/ cztfk;/ elj;Jgth]/ njdPh]f]fil/ mhprp tpahghhp/ ghy; tpahghhp/ rikay;fhuh]/ Jzp Jitg]gth]/ kw;Wk; ghy] bfhjpg;ghd; tpw;gidahsh]/ nj';fha;/ tPLfis nfhJik/ ghh]yp/ fUk;g[/ Kl;ilnfh!;/ fhshd;/ thiH/ fpH';F/ g[y; gaphpLnthh] tpahghhp/ kspiff;filf;fhuh]/ mHFg;gLj;Jgth]/ Xl;Leh]. g[jd; : NhpaDf;F kpf mUfpYs;s nfhshFk;. FWf;fst[ g[jDf;Fk;/ 2100 iky;fshFk;. ,ilna NhpaDf;Fk;

3,80,00,000 iky;fshFk;. g{kpia 116 ehl]fSf;F xUKiw fle;J bry;fpwJ. jd;idj; jhnd Rw;wpf; bfhs;s 88 ehl]fshfpwJ. Nhpaid xUKiw Rw;wp tUtjw]F 88 ehl;fshfpwJ. nfhzg]gphpif Fiwthf 28.30 jhd; cs;sjhy;/ Nhpadpd; bghyptpy; g[jid fhz;gJ mhpJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf cz;lhd gHbkhHp jhd; bghd; fpilj;jhYk; g[jd; fpilf;fhJ fhiy khiy fUf;fy; neuj;jpy; fhz;gjw;F rhpahd jUzk;. njhw;wj;jpy; re;jpuid xj;jJ. btl]l btspa[ld; Toa gy bgUk; gs;s';fis bfhz;Ls;sJ. tspkz;lyk; Rw;W cs;sJ. g[jDf;F ,Uk;ghyhd bghpa cs;sfk; fhuzkhf Xust[ fhe;jg]g[yKk; cz;L. g[wgug;g[ btg;gepiy beLf;fk; -1830 Kjy; 4270 tiu cs;sJ. fhspjhrhpd; cj;ufhykph]jj;jpy] g[jdpd] fhuj;Jtk; : fy;tp/ Fjpiu/ fUt{yk;/ fzpjk;/ bka;awpt[/ ngr]R/ vGJjy;/ g[j;jhil/ muz;kid/ gr;ir tz;zk;/ rpw]g ntiy/ nrhjplk;/ g[dpjgazk;/ mwpthh]e;j brhw;bghHpt[/ nfhtpy;/ tzpfk;/ rpwe;j mzpfyd;/ ,sfpa kdk;/ ntjhe;jjj;Jtk;/ jha;tHp ghl]ldhh]/ jPa
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fdt[/ myp/ tlf;F Kfk;/ njhy;/ <uk;/ btz;fyk;/ Jwtwk;/ gUtfhyk;/ kUj;Jth]/ fGj;J/ clw;gapw;rp/ FHe;ij/ gzpt[/ mr]rk;/ Mly;/ gf;jp/ eifr;Rit czh]t[/ mikjp/ FLk;gr;brHpg]g[/ fyg]g[ bghUl]fs;/ bjY';F g[yik/ Nj;jpuh]/ gwit/ bkhHpg]gw;W/ nfhg[uk]/ J}rp/ njhl]lk;/ mDTyk;/ ed;ik/ fpuhk';fspy; elkhl]lk;/ g[uhz epg[zj;Jtk;/ ,yf;fzk;/ etuj;jpd juk; gphpg]gth]/ fw;wth]/ jha;tHp khkd;/ g[dpj gpuhh]j;jid/ ae;jpuk;/ uh$je;jpuk;. KSK mth]fspd; E}ypd; go : eifr]Ritg] ngr]R/ g[j;jpTh]ik/ "hgfrf;jp/ bkype;j cly;/ midthplKk; ed;F gHFjy;/ ey;y bjspthd ngr]R/ ey;y fUj;Jf;fisf] TWjy;/ ,ul]ilf;Fuy;/ tpiue;j bray;ghL/ vGj;J/ fzpjk]/ ngr]R/ fy;tp/ Ez;zpa fUtpfs;/ E}y;fs;/ ,ul]il bghUs;/ fiy Eqf]fk;/ espd ngr]R/ euk;g[ kz;lyk;/ "hgf rf;jp/ czh]t[g] gyd;/ fld] jtiz/ xg]ge;j ngr]rhy; btw]wp/ moikj; bjhHpy;/ ,ufrpa Fwpg]g[/ nrhjpl Ma;t[/ bghwpapay; rk;ge;jkhd cah] fy;tp/ fzpdp fy;tp/ tpahghuk]/ jzpf;ifahsh]/ Vb$z;l]/ g[nuhf;fh] bjhHpy]/ nguhirfs]/ kUj;Jt Ma;t[/ e";ir epyk;/ g[j;jf mykhhp. Dr. T. tpkyd; mth]fspd; Ma;t[ E}ypy; : eifr]Rit/ Ez;zwpt[/ fzpjk;/ vGj;jhw;wy;/ Xtpak;/

tz;zk; jPl]Ljy;/ njthyak]/ khkd;/ tpiuthf g[hpe;J bfhs;Sjy;/ J}jh]/ ,ilj;jufh]/ gwitfs]/ mikr]rh]/ ahfrhiy/ nrhjplk;/ ngr]rhw;wy;/ mypj;jd;ik/ ftp"h] vGj;jh]/ r';fk;/ gs]spf;Tlk;/ ntjhe;jk;/ fy;tp/ gy]bkhHp mwpt[/ jzpf;ifahsh]/ btz;fyk;/ thdrhj;jpuk;/ njhy;. <uk]/ gak]/ gf]jp/ Raf]fl;Lg]ghL/ Ma;t[f; fUj;J/ gpuahzp/ tp#]q/ tpisahl]L ikjhdk]/ jpahfk]/ cz;ikahf ,Uj]jy]/ cwtpdh]fs]/ ,stuR.

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g[jdpd; bjhHpy;fs; : ,ae;jpuk;/ cgfuzk]/ kpd;rhur] rhkhd;/ mWit rpfpr]ir cgfuz';fs] tpw;gidahsh]/ bjhiyngrp/ je;jp/ nfgps;/ xah] bghwpahsh]/ mWit rpfpr]ir kUj;Jth]/ nghh]tPuh]/ fzf;fpay]/ epg[zh]/ J}jh]/ thdtpay] ty]Ydh]/ fl]ol xg]ge]jf]fhuh]/ rhiyg] nghf;Ftuj;J/ ghyk;/ ePh]j]njf;fk; fl]Ljy]/ $t[sp bghwpahsh]/ nlg]hpfhh]lh]/ nuonah/ tpw;gid/ bra;jpahsh]/ gjpg]ghsh]/ tpw;gidahsh]/ tpw;gid gpujpepjp/ Vb$z;l]/ jufh]/ rpiw mjpfhhp/ Fw]wthsp/ g[j;jf tpw;gidahsh]/ vGj;jhsh]/ fpl']F fhg]ghsh]/ mDrf]jp bghwpahsh]/ tpsk;guk] jahhpg]gth]/ jfty] bjhlh]g[/ Ma]thsh]/ gjdpLk] bjhHpy]/ ifbaGj;J epg[zh]/ fij Mrphpah]/ ,yf;fpathjp/ ,d;Nud]!] Vb$z;l]/ ePjpgjp/ rptpy; bghwpahsh]/ nkah]/ ft[d]rpyh]/ gs;sp Mrphpah]/ brayhsh]/ jkpH] gz;ojh]/ mYtyh]/ jghy]fhuh]/ fk]gsp/ kspif tpahghhp/ fiy"h]/ ftp"h]/ nrhjplh]/ ke]jpu cgrhiz tpw;gd;dh]/ mr]rfk]/ gaz Vw;gl]lhsh]/ ,uapy;nt mYtyh]/ bra;jp nrfhpg]gth]. bghJ epWtd eph]thfp/ gpujp epg[zh]/ fth]dh]/ Rw]Wyhj;Jiw/ fu!;ghz;bld;l]/ bghJ$dj; bjhlh]g[ mYtyh]/ blypnghd; Mgnul]lh]/ Ru']f vd;$pdpah]/ khepy tzpf epWtdk]/ bfkpf;fy] vd;$pdpah]/ bghJeyj;Jiw/ kUj;Jtj;Jiw/ jfty; bra;jpj;bjhlh]g[ Jiw/ gpwg]g[ ,wg]g[j;Jiw/ jghy; Jiw/ tpahghuk]/ btspehl]L th]j]jfk]/ fg;gy] ruf;F khw;Wk] Vb$z]l]/ kUj;Jt Ma;thsh]/ Xtpah]/ murpay;thjp/ J}juf CHpah]/ bkf]fhdpf]fy] bghwpahsh]/ b$apy] ruf;F xg]ge]jf]fhuh]/ fphpkpdy] tf;fPy]/ tzpfthp/ tUkhdthpj; Jiw/ bghpa bjhHpw]rhiyfs]/ kpd;Jiw/ jhJ Ru';f:j;Jiw CHpah]/ rl]lk]/ xG']F/ rhiytpjp/ fhty;Jiw/ kpypl]lhp fzf;fh]/ Ez;fiy epg[zh]/ gy Fuypy; tpflk] bra;gth]/ eifr]Rit eofh]/ Fj;Jr] rz;ilf;fhuh]/ kspiff; filf;fhuh]/ cztfk]/ buhl]of;filf]fhuh].

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re;jpud; gd;dpuz;L ,uhrpapypUe;J gyd; : nkrr]re;jpud; : gpwiu tuntw;gJ/ bra;jy;/ Fiwthd bry;tk;/ g[jpa bray;fisr] epiyaw;w vz;zk;/ bfsutk]/ jPaFzk]/

midthplj;jpYk; kfpH]r;rpahapUj;jy; ,hplr]re;jpud; : bgU";bry;tk; nrfhpj]jy;/ jUkk] bra;jy;/ g[fH]/ g[ijay] nghd;w vjph]ghuj ed;ik/ bghWika[ilath] kpJdr]re;jpud; : vjpYk] kfpH]r]rpahapUj;jy]/ mwpt[j;jpwd;/ midj;J bry;t';fs;/ eifr]Rit/ md;ghd thh]j;ij flfr]re;jpud; : bry;tk]/ miyr]ry]/ nrhjplk]/ tuntw;Fk] jd;ik/ rhj;jpu mwpt[/ btspa{hpy; thH;jy;/ bksd Fzk]/ FHg]gj;ijj; jh';fpf; bfhs;sy;/ nja;e;J tsh]fpd;w bry;tk] rpk;kr]re;jpud; : jh]k Fzk]/ Kd;nfhgk]/ tPuk] fd;dpr]re;jpud; : fw;wwpe;j jd;ik/ kjpf;fg;gLjy;/ jh]k rpe;jid/ gpwh] tpUk;g[k; thh]j;ijfis ngRjy;/ cz;ik/ gpwUila bry;tk; fpilj;jy;/ midthplKk] md;g[/ btspehl]L thH;f;if/ bghWik Jyhr]re;jpud; : kfpH]r;rp/ gpwh] bghUspy; ehl]lkpd;ik/ jpwik/ Kjd;ik/ bgU";bry;tk]/ jhdpa';fis <l]Ltjpy; ehl]lk]/ ed;ik bra;jy;

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tpUr]rpfr]re;jpud; : bgUtpUg]gk]/ bfh?ukhd bjhHpy] bra;jy]/ jpUl]Lj; bjhHpy]/ khpahij bra;jy;/ RWRWg]g[/ bghpa jpwikj;jpwd;/ jpkph]/ rpdk;/ bry;tkpHg]g[ jDRr]re;jpud; : thf;Fjpwik/ cjt[k; vz;zk]/ fh]tk] kfur]re;jpud; : cz;ik/ jh]kk; fhj;jy]/ Fiwe;j rpdk]/ kdjpy] mr]rk]/ Tr]rkpd;ik/ RWRWg]gpd;ik/ nguhir Fk;gr]re;jpud; : jh]kkpd;ik/ jPabray;/ nrhk]gy;/ gy Jd;g';fis mDgtpj;jy]/ VH;ik kPdr]re;jpud; : midj;Jr] bray;fspYk; btw;wp/ jh]kr] rpe;jid/ ,dpikahf ngRjy]/ Fiwe;j rpdk]/ ,d;gk]/ bry]tk]/ ey]byz;zk;/ miyr]ry;/ jhdk] bra;jy;

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g[jd; gd;dpuz;L ,uhrpfspd; gyd; : nkr g[jd; : fyfk] bra;tjpy; ehl]lk]/ mwpt[/ jPaFzk]/ bgha] ngRjy]/ gy bjhHpy]fspy] <l]oa bry]tj;ij ,Hj;jy;/ fld; bjhy;iy/ rpiwthrk]/ epiyaw]w jd;ik/ NjhLjy]/ Tlhbray; ,hplg g[jd; : jpwik/ jh]kk]/ g[fH]/ rhj;jpu mwpt[/ Cf]fk]/ bry]tk]/ thh]j;ijfisg] g[hpe;J bfhs;Sk] jd;ik kpJd g[jd; : tpUg]gkhd thh]j;ij ngRjy;/ g[fH]/ thf;Fjpwd;/ fiy jpwik/ ftpij/ jhdk] bra;a[k] Fzk;/ midtuhYk] tpUk]gg]gLjy; flf g[jd; : gz;oj jd;ik/ btspehl]oy; thH]f;if/ bjhlh]r]rpahd ngr]R/ bghUs] ,Hg]g[/ ghg vz;zk]/ bray;fspy; TLjy; ehl]lk;/ g[fH] bgUk] jd;ik rpk;k g[jd; : mwptpyp/ cyfg]g[fH]/ bka; ngrhj jd;ik/ xw;Wikapd;ik/ bry;tk]/ tPukpd;ik/ ,Hpthf ngRjy;/ gpwkf;fSf;F ,dpath]/ jd; ,dg]gif fd;dp g[jd; : jh]k';fspy; ehl]lk]/ kpFjpahd thf;Fj;jpwik/ jpwikahsh]/ vGj;J/ fij/ ftp/ rpw]gntiy/ fiyj;jpwik/ nkd;ik/ kjpf;fg]gLjy;/ gw;gy mwpt[j;jpwd;/ g[fH; bgWjy]/ ew;Fzk]/ typik

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Jyh g[jd; : thf;Fj;jpwik/ bghUs; tutpdhy; gy bryt[fs; bra;jy;/ gyjpf;FfspYk; tzpfk] bra;jy;/ khpahij bra;jy;/ bgha;ahd khpahij bra;tjpy] jpwik/ vLj;bjwpe;J ngRjy;/ rl]bld nfhgk]/ kfpH]r]rp tpUr]rpf g[jd; : rf;jpnfw]w bjhHpy]/ mwptpyp/ mikjpapd;ik/ nguhty;/ bfhLikahd vz;zk]/ je;jpur] bray;/ fld;gLjy;/ kw]wth] bghUisf; ftUk] jd;ik jDR g[jd; : g[fH;/ nkd;ikahd Fzk]/ tPuk]/ thf;Fj;jpwik/ jhdk] bra;jy; kfu g[jd; : Kiwaw]w bray;fisr] bra;jy;/ \ld;/ gpwh] gzp bra;jy]/ ew]Fzkpd;ik/ Jd;gk] mDgtpj;jy]/ cwf;fk]/ nfhs; brhy;Yjy;/ gw;wpy;yhik/ J}a;ikapd;ik/ mjp#]lkpd;ik Fk]g g[jd; : thf;Fk; mwpt[ ,y;yhik/ jh]kkpy;yhik/ \ld;/ jpwikaw;w ngr]R/ bry;tkpd;ik kPd g[jd; : J}a;ik/ VH;ik/ bghWikapd;ik/ kf;fSf;F khpahij/ jPabray;/ gpwh] bry]tj;ij fhg]ghw;Wjy;/ nkd;ik/ jhH]thd jh]kk]/ tzpfk]

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re;jpud; gd;dpU ghtfr] bray;fs; : 1 y; : gpw kdpjhpd; kdij mwpa[k] jd;ik/ bry;tk]/ mHF/ mDgtpf;Fk; Fzk;/ flfk]/ nkrk;/ ,hplgk] ,yf;dj;jpy; rpwg]g[/ kw;w ,yf;dj;jpy; gpj;jd;/ cly; Cdk] 2 y; : ,d;gk]/ bry;tk;/ bghUsw;w thh]j;ij ngRjy;/ thf;F thjj;jpy; jpwik 3 y; : 4 y; : 5 y; : kfpH]r]rp/ tPuk]/ fy]tp/ Mir/ czt[ bghUs] njLjy; cwtpdh]/ tPL/ njhl]lk]/ thfdk] cs;sth]/ jh]kthd; TLjyhd kf;fl]ngW/ mwpthsp/ mHF/ fy;tp/ Mil/ ey;y czt[ tif miljy; 6 y; : 7 y; : 8 y; : 9 y; : 10 y; : kpFjpahd gifth]/ fodkhdth] mHF/ ,d;gk]/ VH]ik mwpt[/ jpwik/ g[fH] ,iwr] bray;/ gf;jp/ bry;tk;/ kf;fl]ngW/ ghpt[ Jd;gkpd;ik/ braypy; KG <LghL/ bray; Koj;jy;/ bry;tg] bgUf;F/ TLjy] typik/ tPuk]/ ,uf;f Fzk] 11 y; : bry;tk]/ kpFjpahd kf;fl] bry;tk]/ jPh]f]fha[s]/ ed;ikj; jUk] gzpahl]fs;/ tPuk]/ g[fH] 12 y; : J}w;wg]gLthh]/ gw;wpd;ik jhH]e;j vz;zk;/ fUkp/ fz;neha;/

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g[jd; gd;dpU ghtfr] bray;fs; : 1 y; : cly; typik/ mwpt[/ Mw]wy;/ bjspt[/ "hd rpe;jid/ fhtpak;/ fzpj mwpt[ 2 y; : mwpthy; <l]oa bry;tk]/ ey;y czt[/ ey]thh]j;ij/ mwpt[ mlf;fk] 3 y; : 4 y; : VH;ik/ Jd;gk]/ jpwik/ fglk]/ rgyd; gz;ojh]/ bgU";bry;tk]/ thfdk]/ cwtpdh]/

Kd;ndw]wKilath] 5 y; : ke;jpuk]/ khaj;jpwik/ kf;fl]ngW/ ,d;gk;/ ghz;oj;jpak;/ kfpH]r]rp/ g[fH] 6 y; : thjk; bra;tJ/ btw;wp/ nehahsp/ nrhk]gy;/ rpdkpd;ik/ fodkhd thh]j;ij/ gy njhy;tpfs; 7 y; : 8 y; : 9 y; : 10 y; : mwpt[/ Mw]wy;/ mHF/ fyfk;/ gzr]bry;tk] gue;j g[fH]/ typik/ KG Ma[s]/ murh] ,iwr] bray;/ gf;jp/ bry;tk;/ kf;fl]ngW/ ghpt[ nkyhd mwpt[/ braypy; KG <LghL/ tPuh]/ braypy] btw]wp/ cz;ikahdth]/ murh] 11 y; : bry;te;jh]/ gzpahl]fs; cilath]/ mwpt[/ ,d;gk]/ KG Ma[s]/ g[fH] 12 y; : bjspthd thh]j;ij/ njhy;tp/ rpy tpj;ijfs;/ J}f;fk]/ nrhk]gy;/ fgL

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32

3. gd;dpU ,yf;dkhf mikag]bgw]w kspifg] bghUs; tpahghhpfspd; Fz']fs; : Ma]t[f;F vLj;Jf] bfhz;l rhjf']fspy; nkrk] Kjyhd gd;dpU ,yf;df]fhuh]fSk] kspif tpahghhpfshf ,Ug]gij czu KofpwJ. Mf mth]fspd; Fz']fSk] fPH; fz;lthW gd;dpU tifahf ,Uf;Fk;. nkr ,yf;d tpahghhp kpft[k; RWRWg]g[ld; ,a']Fk; jd;ik, btspg]gilahd ngr]R/ mjpfg]goahd Raeyj;jpw;fhf ciHg]g[/ jd; Kd;ndw;wj;jpy; ghuhl]Lk; kpft[k; mf;fiw/ vjph]ghh]g]g[/ gnuhgfhuh]/ khpahija[k]

vg]gog]gl;l gpur]ridfspypUe;Jk] kPz]L tu nghuhl]l Fzk]/ kd ijhpak]/ cWjp/ epfH]fhyj;jpy] thH]gth]/ ahiua[k] rhuh jd]ik/ mtrug[j;jp/ Kot[fs] vLj;jy]/ Kd;nfhgk]. ,hplg ,yf]d tpahghhp mjpf bghWik/ rfpg]g[jd;ik/ neh]tHpr; bry;Yjy]/ epjhdkhd Kot[fs]/ rhpahd bray] jpl]lk]/ bfhs]ifapy] gpothjk]/ gog]goahd tsh]r]rp/ eilKiw xj;J tUjy]/ jd] kPJk]/ jd;id Rw]wp ,Ug]gth] kPJ mf]fiw/ ghJfhg]gpw]F Kjy] ,lk]/ ve]j ntiyapYk] KGikahf <LgLj;jpf; bfhs]sy]/ bry]tk] nrh]g]gjpy] Fwp/ Rje]jpukhd bray]ghl]L tpUg]gk]. kpJd ,yf]d tpahghhp g[j;jprhyp/ epjhdkpy;yhjth]/ ,tuJ bfhs;if/ fUj;Jf;fs] rpwe]jit/ gHikia xJf;fp / g[jpa tHpfisf; filgpog]gth]/ tise]J bfhLf]Fk] jd;ik/ ,tiu vspjpy] Vkhw]w KoahJ/ Th]ikahd mwpt[ bfhz]lth]/ xt]bthU epkplKk] khwpf] bfhz;nl
33

,Ug]gth]/ ,ul]ilj;jd;ik/ jdpikf;F vjphp/ mghukhd ngr]Rjpwd]/ nkyhz]ik/ eifr]Rit czh]t[/ epiwa gazk]/ fw;gid cyfpy] cyht[gth]. flf ,yf;d tpahghhp bghWg]g[ld] fod ciHg]g[/ eifr]Rit czh]t[ Fiwt[/ kpf mjpfkhd md;ig btspg]gLj;Jjy;/ bjhHpy]/ tpahghuj;jpd] Eqf;fk] mwpe;jth]/ kf;fSf;F vd]d njit vd]gij bjspthf fzpj]J/ ey]y ,yhgk] <l]Ljy]/ rpwe]j epidthw]wy]/ rf bjhHpyhsh]fs] kPJ md]g[k] mf]fiwa[k]/ fUiza[k] bfhz;lth]/ Kjypy] FLk]gk]/ ,uz;lhtJ bjhHpy;/ \d;whtJ rKjhak] vd]w bfhs;if/ fdpthd jhuhs Fzk]/ bky]ypa czh]t[/ btw;wpia nehf;fp gazpg]gth]/ nguk] ngrpdhYk] neh]ikahf ,Ug]gth]. rpk;k ,yf]d tpahghhp rpwe]j xU';fpizg]g[ jpwik/ eph]thfp/ g[jpa fUj]Jf]fis epWtd tsh]r]rpf]F Vw;g[ilath]/ Mlk]gu brhFR thH;f;if/ g[ifg]glk]/ rhd;wpjH; Mfpatw;why; bgUkpjk]/ btspg]gilahf Fiw brhy]YtJ/ kjpg]g[/ khpahijia vjph]ghh]g]gth]/ kw]wth]fs] kPJ jd] MSik/ Ra tpsk]guk] njLth]. fd;dp ,yf]d tpahghhp kpf bghpa bghWg]g[fis jtph]g]gth]/ rpWrpW tpra']fspy] TLjy] ftdk]/ kpf fodkhd jpl]l']fisa[k] rpwg]ghf ePl]Lk] jd]ik/ btspg]gilahd ngr]R/ bray]/ flikna fz]zhdth]/ Muha]e]J jpl]lk]/ tpkh]rd']fis jh';fp bfhs;shik/ eph]thf g[s;sp tptu';fs]/ rpwg]ghf fzf;F vGjf; Toath]/ bjspthf neh]j;jpahf ngRk] Fzk]/ Eqf]fkhd bjhHpy] jpwik/ bghJ kf]fSf]F gad]gLfpw bghUl]fis v';fpUe;jhYk] fz;Lgpoj;J th';fpf] bfhLf;Fk] jpwik/
34

g[j;jprhypjdk]/ mjd] \yk] epahakhd ,yhg nehf]fk]/ ,thpd] ek]gf jd]ikahy] kPz]Lk] kPz]Lk] thof]ifahsh] tl]lj]ij tphpthf;fpf; bfhz]nl bry]Ygth]/ kf]fSf]F nrit bra]tnj jd] flik kw]Wk] bjhHpy] vd]w nehf]fk]. Jyhk] ,yf]d tpahghhp MHkhd Tl]lhspa[ld] Mir/ gyngh]fis xd]wpidg]gjpy] jpwik/ epg[zh]/ jhd;

,ize;J

bray;gLtjpy;

mikjpapy;yhky; ,Ue;jhYk; mtruj;jd;ik btspglhJ/ bghpa gpur]ridfisf; Tl kpFe;j espdkhf ifahSk] jpwd;/ vg]bghGJk] rphpj;j KfKk] trPfuKk]/ brhd;dhy; brhd;dgo elg]gth]/ KobtLg]gjpy; ty;yth]/ thof]ifahsh] fUj]Jf]fisa[k] nfl]L tpahghu khw]w']fis ifahs;tJ/ bjspthd mwptpd; ,Ug]gplk]/ rpyneuk] f"]rj]jd;ik/ rpyneuk] jhuhs kdk]/ nghl;oahsh]fis rfpj;Jf; bfhs;shik/ KGikahd kdpjh]/ tpahghhp. tpUr]rpf ,yf]d tpahghhp bkd;ikahd ngr]rpy] mjpfhuk]/ tpahghu cf]jpfspy] ,ufrpak] fhj]jy]/ nguwpita[k]/ mjpfhuj]ija[k] njo mila[k] nehf]fk]/ tpahghu je;jpu']fis ifahs;gth]/ jd;id fl]Lg]ghl]oy] itf;Fk] jpwd;/ nghl]oahsh]fis njhw;fof;Fk] kndhepiy/ fUiz mw]w jd]ik/ kw;wth]fis CLUtp ,dk] fhz;gth]/ czh]t[fis vspjpy] btspgLj]jhik/ ,tuhy] jPh]f]f Koahj gpur]ridfns fpilahJ/ fod ciHg]g[. jDR ,yf;d tpahghhp ,tiu g[hpe;J bfhs;tJ fodk]/ rw;W btl]f czh]t[/ kpft[k; neh]ikahd rhpahd fUj;Jf;fis Vw;W tpahghu khw]wk;/ vija[k; ed;ikf;nf vd vLj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; cw;rhfkhdth]/ ,thplk; ntiy
35

bra;tnj

bghpa

mDgtk;/

Fzj;ij

fzpf;f

,ayhJ.

thof;ifahsnuhL el]g[k; neh]ika[ld; mqFk; jd;ik/ rpwg]ghd bghUl]fis kl]Lk] tpw]gid bra;gth]/ midj;J jug]gpdnuhLk] mutizf;Fk] jd]ik/ fdpthd kdk]/ cz]ikia ngrp tpahghuk] bra;gth]/ ,th] fUj]Jf]fs]/ a[f;jpfs; gpugyk]/ bghpa jpl]l';fs; tFg]gth]/ Rje]jpuk]/ khw]wj;ij tpUk]gp bra]gth]/ Raeyk] ,y]yhjth]/ epfH]fhyj]jpy] thH]gth]. kfuk] ,yf]d tpahghhp fLk] ciHg]ghsp/ tpsk]guk] njlhjth]. thof]ifahsh]fis Muha]e]J itj;J ,ufrpakhf ifahs]gth]/ ehs] KGf]f ntiyg]gS Vw]W bra]J bfhz]nl ,Ug]ghh]/ r']nfh$j]Jld] thof]ifahsh]fs] bjhlh]g[/ tpahghu ,lj;jpnyna j';fp czt[ mUe;jp mijna tplhf;fp bfhs;Sjy;/ rf CHpah]fsplk] rw]W fLikahdth]/ Kf!;Jjp ,]y]yhjth]/ jhuhsKk] ,y]iy/ f";rdj;jdKk; ,y]iy/ jd;dk;gpf;if mjpfk]/ FLk]gj;ija[k] mf]fiw fhl]Lgth]/ gHik tpUk]gp/ ntiy bra;tnj ,th] thH]f;if vd;w vz;zk]/ neuk] jtwhik. Fk;gk; ,yf;d tpahghhp mhpjhdth]fs]. kwjp mjpfk]/ Kot[ vLf]f ,ayhik/ el]g[ fl]lis rpy

,lj;bjhpahjth]/ vija[k] vjph]ghuj tifapy] rpwg]ghf bra]a Koa[k]. midj]Jj] jug]gpdnuhLk] bfhs]sy]/ neu']fspy] bjhlh]r]rpahf tpahghuk] bra]ahik/ tUkhdj]jpw]Fs] bryit tFg]gth]/ thof]ifahsh]fSf]fhf mjpfk] ciHg]gth]/ flik czh]t[/ VjhtJ xU khWjiy bra;J bfhz;nlapUg]ghh]/ mikjpahf nahrpf;Fk; btspj;njhw;wk;/ FLk]gj;jpdh] tpahghuj;jpy] g';nfw;f mDkjpf;f khl;lhh]/ jdpik tpUk]gp/ mjdhy] tpahghu jl';fy;fis vjph]bfhs;jy;.

36

 kPd ,yf;d tpahghhp jd;id ahUk; bjhe;jut[ juhj Rje;jpuk; tpUk;gpfs;/ fw;gidj; jpwDld; tpahghuk]/ rpwg]ghd eph]thfpfs]/ midj;Jk; mwpe;Jk; filgpof;fhjth]/ eph]tfpj;J elj;Jk; jpwik/ thof;ifahsh]fSf;F ed;ik gaf;Fk; bghUl]fs; tpw;gid/ ,yhg nehf;fk; ,y;iy/ rpwe;j brhy;yhw;wy;/ thof;ifahshpd; fUj;Jf;fis nfl]L/ nrit kdghd;ikapy; tpahghuk/; gilg]ghw;wy] bfhz;lth] kPJ Xut";rid/ mof;fo bghUshjhu beUf;fo/ mDgt mwpit cgnahfg]gLj;jhik/ jd; tHpapy; ele;J jd;ikg] gw;wp kl]Lk] rpe;jpf;fhjth].

37

38

,ay; 3
kspifg; bghUs; tpahghuj;jpy; <LgLtjw;fhd tpjpfs;
1. ,yf;dhjpgjp re;jpud;/ g[jd; Mfpa nfhs;fshfp tpahghuk] bra;gth]fs]. (,t;tpjpapd; fpH; tUk; tpahghhpfs;/ jhnd jhd; bra]a[k; bjhHpyhf Mfp Md;k KG g{h]z jpUg]jpa[ld; xd;wp bray;gLfpwhh]fs]) 2. ,yf;dj;jpy; bra;gth]fs]. (KG jpUg]jpa[ld; xd;wp bray;gl;lhYk] gd;dpU ,yf;dj;jpd; Fz khWghl]lhy]/ xd;Wjy; Fiwt[gLfpwJ. 3. 10-k; ghtfj;jpy; re;jpud;/ g[jd; nfhs; mkh]e;J tpahghuk; bra;gth]fs]. (tpahghuj;jpy; xd;wp bray;gl]lhYk; Md;k jpUg]jp ,y;iy) 4. re;jpud;/ g[jd; nfhs;fspd; ,izt[. (,izthy; tpahghhpahf ,Ue;jhYk;/ gy;ntW ghtf';fs;/ ,uhrpfspd; FzkhWghL cs;sJ) 5. 10-k; ghtfhjpgjpa[ld; re;jpud;/ g[jd; nfhs;fspd; ,izt[. (tpahghu nehf]fk; cz]L. Mdhy] mth]fspd] tpUg]gj; bjhHpy]/ jpUg]jpia nehf]fpna bray] mika[k;) re;jpud;/ g[jd; nfhs;fs; mkh]e]J tpahghuk;

39

6.

10-k;

ghtfhjpgjp

epd;w

ethk;r

mjpgjp

re;jpud;

g[jd;

,uhrpfshtJ. (tpUg]gj; bjhHpy]/ jpUg]jpia nehf]fpna tpahghu bray;ghL) 7. 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp ,uhrpapy; re;jpud; g[jd; el]rj;jpuj;jpy;

(Vnjh tpahghuk] bra;fpnwhk; vd;w vz;zj;Jld; bray;ghL). 8. ,yf;dhgjp re;jpud;/ g[jd; el]rj;jpuj;jpy; (cs; ce;Jjyhy; tpahghu nehf;fk;) 9. 7-k; ghtfhjpgjpa[ld; re;jpud;/ g[jd; ,izt[. (re;jh]g]gtrj;jhy; bjhHpYf;F khw]wk;) 10. nkw;Fwpg;gl;l 9 tpjpfSf;Fk] bghUe;jhj kw;w rhjf mikg]ghy] tpahghuk] bra]gth]fs]. ntiy bra]tjpypUe;J tpLgl]L Ra

Fwpg]g[ : tpjp 1/ 2/ 3-d] fPH] tpahghuk] bra]gth]fs] KG <Lghl]Lld] tpahghuk] bra]gth]fs]. tpjp 4/5/6-d] fPH; tpahghuk] bra]gth]fs] tpjp 1/2/3 fPH] tUtjw]fhf fhj;jpUg]gth]fs]. tpjp 7/8/9/ 10-d] fPH; tpahghuk] bra]gth]fs] mth]fspd; jrhg[j;jp mikg]g[ jf;fthW khwpf; bfhz;nl ,Ug]gth]fs]. vt;thW MapDk;/ ve;j tpjpapd; fPH] tpahghhpahf ,Ug]gtUk] tpjp 1 d; go Md;kh/ ciHg]iga[k] xd;wp bray]gLjiy nehf;fp gazpf]fpwhh]fs].

40

gd;dpU ,yf;dthhpahf gFg]ggha]t[ :

nkr ,hplg kpJd flf rpk]k fd;dp Jyhk] tpUr]rpf jDR kfu Fk]g kPd

,yf;dk] ,yf;dk; ,yf;dk; ,yf;dk; ,yf;dk; ,yf;dk; ,yf;dk; ,yf;dk; ,yf;dk; ,yf;dk; ,yf;dk; ,yf;dk; bkhj;jk;

03 07 06 05 02 06 02 02 06 02 06 03 50

41

42

rhjfk] - 1
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah/] tpyhrk; : : : : : nkrk; fd;dp (m!;jk] 3)
03.09.1970

g[. g[spak;gl;o fdfuh$; gz;zhhpak;kd; kspif gz;zpak]kd; g!; rh]tP!; mtpdhrp rhiy/ jpUg;g{h; - 641 602. bjhiyngrp : 0421 268860 ifngrp : 98355886682

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 4 :

re; jpir 04 tUlk; 08 khjk] 20 ehs; re;jpuDk;/ g[jDk; fd;dpuhrpapy; ,izt[ 6-k; ghtfj;jpy;
,uhF 11-k; ghtfj;jpy; - tpahghuj;jpy; ehl;lk; 8/12f;Fila FU 7-k; ghtfj;jpy; kspif/ 2/7-k; hpay; ghtfhjpgjp Rf;fpuDld; ,izt[. gy tpjkhd tpahghu';fspy; cah]e]j epiy. <LgLjy;/ v!;nll]/ g!; rh]tP!;/ mjpf ,yhgk; <l]o

,uhF jpir (1982-2000) FU jpir (2000 -2016)

: :

nkr ,yf;dkha[k; mjpy; 11/12f;Fila rdp ,yf;dj]jpy; cs;sjhy;/ ve;j bray;fisa[k; kpft[k;/ntfkhft[k;/ tpntfkhft[k] bray;gLj;jf; Toath].
43

rhjfk] - 2
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : nkrk; flfk; (g{rk] 4)
01.01.1983

gpwe;j neuk; : 14.25 nfhaKj;J}h] ckh knfe;jpud; kspif/ jz;zPh] ghl]oy; jahhpg]g[ bkhj;j tpahghuk; ryptd; bjU/ nfhaKj;J}h] 641001. ifngrp : 9894712147

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 3 tpjp.vz; - 9 tpjp vz; - 10 : : :

rdp jpir 04 tUlk; 05 khjk] 20 ehs; 10-k; ghtfj;jpy; 4 7k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf; g[jDld; kfuj;jp;y; 10y; yf;dhgjp br/ g[jd;/ 7k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf; ,izt[
: : tpahghu <LghL flf ethk;rj;jpy; jz;zPh] ey;y tpahghu ghl]oy; mgptpUj;jp/ tpUj;jpapy; jahhpg]g[ ngh]/ g[fH] kspifa[ld; tpw;gid/ tUkhdk;.

g[jd; jpir (1987-2004) nfJ jpir (2004 -2011)

Rf; jpir (2011 -2031)

2/7 f;Filatd; 10-y; rpwg;ghd Kd;ndw;wk;

44

rhjfk] - 3
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk;; : : : : : nkrk; fd;dp (cj;jpuk] 2)
06.09.1975

gpwe;j neuk; : 21.30 rj;jpak';fyk] ,uh$h (v) gHdpr]rhkp kspif/ nrkpah jahhpg]g[ bjhHpy] bkhj;j tpahghuk; g[";ir g[spak;gl]o bjhiyngrp :

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 4 tpjp.vz; - 8 : :

Nhp jpir 03 tUlk; 05 khjk] 25 ehs; re; - g[ ,izt[ - 5y] fd]dp ,yf;dhjpgjp br- nuhfpdp (re;) el]rj;jpuj;jpy; kpJd ethk]rj;jpy;

,uhF jpir (1996-2014)

8-y] flf ethk;rj]jpy;

nrkpah jahhpg]g[/ jkpHfbk';Fk; bkhj;j tpahghuk] g[j;jp fhy';fSf]F Vw]g ,yhg mst[ - tpahghu bgUf]fk]. elg;g[ - Nhpg[j;jp (8 / 2011 tiu) 5 f;Filatd; 5-y] fd;dp ethk;rk]/ tpahghu cf]jpahy] kpf rpwe;j tpw;gid - ,yhgk;.

45

rhjfk] - 4
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : ,hplgk] nkrk] (mRtpdp 4)
31.03.1968

gpwe;j neuk; : 9.30 am ek;gpa{h] Rg]ukzpak] kspif/ tl]o tpahghuk;/ bfhj;Jky;yp tpahghuk; ek;gpa{h]. ifngrp : 9976903615

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 3 tpjp.vz; - 7 : :

nfJ jpir 0 tUlk; 10 khjk] 29 ehs; 10-k; ghtfj;jpy; g[ (Fk;gk;) ,yf;dhgjp Rf; ,izt[ 10k; ghtfhjpgjp rdp kPdj;jpy;/ nutjp el]rj;jpuj;jpy; (g[)

Rf; jpir (1989 tiu) Nhp jpir (1989-1995) Rf; jpir (1995-2005) br jpir (2005-2012)

: ,yf;dhgjp Rf; g[jDld; 10-y; ,izt[ ,sk; tajpy; tpahghu <LghL : 4f;Filatd] 11-y; ey;y tpahghuk] tUkhdk; brhj;J nrh]g]g[ : 3 f;Filatd; 12-y; tpahguj;jpy; miyr;ry;/ e#;lk; : 7/12f;Filatd; 12-y; kPz;Lk; KjyPL bgUj;j e#;lj;jpy; tpahghuk;.
46

rhjfk] - 5
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : ,uplgk] kfuk] (jpUnthzk] 3)
11.03.1983

gpwe;j neuk; : 11.20 am mtpdhrp fdfkzp kidtp. Rgh!; re;jpungh!; kspif tpahghuk; jpUg;g{h] ifngrp : 9894440777

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 8 tpjp vz; - 10 : :

re; jpir 04 tUlk; 05 khjk] 12 ehs; ,yf;dhjpgjp Rf; - nutjp el]rj;jpuj;jpy; (g[) 7-k; ghtfhjpgjp br/ nutjp el;rj;jpuj;jpy; (g[) re; - kpJd ethk;rj;jpy;

,uhF jpir (1994-2012)

2y; kpJdj;jpy; fztUld; ,ize;J kspif tpahghuk; - tpUj;jp ey;y tUkhdk;

47

rhjfk] - 6
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : ,uplgk; nkrk; (m!;tpdp 4)
19.09.1978

gpwe;j neuk; : 22.44-11 md;D}h] j';fuh$; kspif bkhj;j tpahghuk; nfhit nuhL md;D}h] ifngrp : 9865236463

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 5 tpjp.vz; - 6 : :

nfJ jpir 01 tUlk; 05 khjk] 00 ehs; 10-k; ghtfjpgjp rdp 2/5f;Fila g[jDld; 4y; 10k; ghtfhjpgjp rdp flf ethk;rj;jpy;
: 1/6f;Filatd; 6-y; Ml;rp kspif filapy; ntiy : 4f;Filatd; 5y; fd;dpapy; - kpf gpukz;lkhf Rakhf bkhj;j tpahghuk; epWt[jy; - Kd;ndw;wk; : 3f;Filatd; 12y; btspa{hpy; fpis epWtp tpahghu tpUj;jp bkhj;j tpahghuj;jpw;fhf bgUk; KjyPL/ miyr]ry]/ rpwe][j tpahghuk]/ tUkhdk;

Rf; jpir (1980-2000) Nhp jpir (2000 -2006) Rf; jpir (2006 -2016)

48

rhjfk] - 7
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : ,hplgk] tpUr]rpfk] (nfl]il 2)
06.12.1953

gpwe;j neuk; : 17.06.00 mtpdhrp

S.K. gHdpr]rhkp

kspif tpahghuk] (jw;rkak] ) hpay] v!;nll]/ uj tpjp/ mtpdhrp.

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 4 tpjp.vz; - 10 : :

g[jd; jpir 11 tUlk; 02 khjk] 01 ehs; re; + g[ ,izt[ - 7 y; g[jd; flf ethk]rj;jpy/; 7 f]Fila br fd;dp ethk]rj;jpy;
: 1/6f;Filatd; 7-y; 2/5f;Fila g[jDld; re; ,izt[ - fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy; - kspiff;fil Muk;gpj;jy; - Rkhh]- rpukk; 4f;Filatd; 7-y; g[jd;/ re; ,izt[ - kspif bjhlUjy; - mog]gil thH;f;if trjp 3f;Filatd; 7 y; g[ + re; ,izt[ nfl]il el;rj;jpuj;jpy; - g[jpa tpahghuk; Kaw;rp kspif tpahghuk; Rzf;fk; 7/12f;Filatd; 5-y; fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy; epy juF bjhHpy; - hpay; v!;nll;-rhjhuz thH;f;if Xl]lk;

Rf; jpir (1972-1992)

Nhp jpir (1992-1998) Rf; jpir (1998-2008)

: :

br jpir (2008-2015)

49

rhjfk] - 8
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : ,hplgk; ,hplgk; (nuhfpdp 2)
26.06.1957

gpwe;j neuk; : 03.15 am nrt{h] fdfuj;jpdk; kspif fil mtpdhrp bjhiyngrp :

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 2 tpjp vz; - 10 : :

re; jpir 06 tUlk; 03 khjk] 00 ehs; ,hplg ,yf;dj;jpy; re; ,yf;dhgjp Rf;/ kpJd ethk]rj;jpy; 7-k; ghtfhjpgjp br - fd;dp ethk]rj;jpy; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp rdp 7y;

,uhF jpir (1970-1988) FU jpir (1988-2004)

: :

6-y; gdpad; fk;bgdpapy; ntiy 8/11 f;Filatd; 2-y; kpJd ethk;rj;jpy; rpwpastpy; - kspif fil elj;jpf; bfhz;L ntiyf;Fk; brd;W te;jhh]

rdp jpir (2004-2023)

9/10f;Filatd; 7-y; ntiyia tpl;L tpyfp/ brhe;j kspifia ftdpj;jy;-msthd tpahghuk; - mikjpahd thH;f;if

50

rhjfk] - 9
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : ,hplgk; nkrk; (guzp 2)
09.09.1960

gpwe;j neuk; : 22.30.00 bghs;shr]rp Fznrfud; kspif/ kpsfha; bkhj;j tpahghuk; bghs;shr;rp ifngrp : 9440264895

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 6 tpjp.vz; - 8 tpjp vz; - 10 : : :

Rf; jpir 14 tUlk; 04 khjk] 22 ehs; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp rdp fd;dp ethk]rj;jpy; ,yf;dhjpgjp Rf; - m!;j el]rj;jpuj;jpy; (re;) g[ ,izt[ld; - 5y; fd;dp ,uhrpapy; re; - fd;dp ethk]rj;jpy;
: 3f;Filatd; 12-y; fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy; rpW tpahghukhf miye;J jphpe;J kpsfha; bkhj;j tpahghuk] bra]jy; - rpwpastpy; e#;lk; 7/ 12 f;Filatd] 2-y; juF bjhHpyhf Ch] Cuhf brd;W tpahghuk; - ey]y tUkhdk; ey;y thH;f;if 4-y; bghpastpy; tpahghuk; njhl]lk;/ tPL mikjy;/ trjp/ Rfkhd thH;f;if
51

Rf; jpir (1981-1991)

br jpir (1991-1998)

,uhF jpir (1998-2016)

rhjfk] - 10
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : ,hplgk] rpk;kk; (g{uk;-3)
18.09.1971

gpwe;j neuk; : 22.30 g[.g[spak]gl]o bts;spa']fphp kspif bkhj;j tpahghuk; nrkpah jahhpg]g[ g[. g[spak]gl]o ifngrp : 9976256655

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 4 tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp.vz; - 10 : : :

Rf; jpir 07 tUlk; 04 khjk] 03 ehs; re; - g[jDld; ,izt[ - rpk]kj;jpy; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp rdp nuhfpdp el]rj;jpuj;jpy; ,yf]dj;jpy; 7-k; ghtfhjpgjp br 10y; - jpUnthzj]jpy; (re;) kpJd ethk]rj;jpy;
: : 3f;Filatd; 4y; - g[jpa Kaw;rpahf bjhHpy; bjhlf;fk; 7/12f;Filatd; 9-y; jpUnthzj;jpy; cr]rk; g[jpa KjyPLfs; - Xust[ tpahghu me;j!;ij miljy; 9-k; kpJd ethk;rj;jpy; bgUkst[ jahhpg]g[ tpw;gid mjpf ,yhgk; - Kd;ndw;wj;jpw;fhf kPz;Lk; fLk; ciHg]g[
52

Rf; jpir (1985-1995) br jpir (1995-2002) ,uhF jpir (2002-2020)

rhjfk] - 11
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : kpJdk; ,hplgk; (kpUfrPhplk] 2)
20.10.1978

gpwe;j neuk; : 23.30.00 mtpdhrp ,uhkrhkp kspif/ mhprp tpahghuk; mtpdhrp ifngrp : 9842295761

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; - 10 : :

br jpir 04 tUlk; 10 khjk] 27 ehs; ,yf;dhjpgjp g[ - kpJdk] 7k; ghtfhjpgjp FU flfj;jpy; re; fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy;

,uhF jpir (1983-2001) FU jpir (2001-2017)

: :

4-y; fd;dp jpirapWjpapy; Ra tpahghuk; bjhl';Fjy; 7/ 10 f;Filatd; 2-y; tpahghu mgptpUj;jp/ tUkhdk;/ nrkpg]g[.

53

rhjfk] - 12
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : kpJdk; fd;dp (cj;jpuk; 3)
16.10.1952

gpwe;j neuk; : 23.04.00 mtpdhrp ,uhkrhkp kspif/ ghy; tpahghuk; nrt{h] bjhiyngrp :

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp vz; - 10 : :

Nhp jpir 02 tUlk; 04 khjk] 24 ehs; ,yf;dk; - kpJdk] ,uhrpapy; re; - fd;dpapy]
: : : : 6/11f;Filatd; 7-y; flf ethk;rj;jpy; tptrhak; 8-y; tptrhak;/ tpisbghUl]fspd; jpOh] tpiy Vw;wj;jhy; ,yhgk; 7/10 f;Filatd; 11-y; kspif/ ghy; tpahghuk;/ cah;e;j me;j!;J/ bgUk; ,yhgk; 8/9 f;Filatd; 4-y; re;/ ,izt[ld; -

br jpir (1965-1972) ,uhF jpir (1972-1990) FU jpir (1990-2006) rdp jpir (2006-2025)

tpahghuj;jpy;

nghl;o

kw;Wk;

njha;t[fs;

,Ue;jhYk;/ rPuhd elg]g[/ jpOh] ,yhg e#;lk;

54

rhjfk] - 13
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk;; : : : : : kpJdk; ,uhrp (mDrk] 3)
11.06.1976

gpwe;j neuk; : 07.50.00 am nfhaKj;J}h] bry;tuh$; kspif/ jf;fhsp bkhj;j tpahghuk; ek;gpa{h]

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 :

rdp jpir 06 tUlk; 06 khjk] 08 ehs; ,yf;dhjpgjp g[ - kpJdk]

: 11-y; fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy; - tptrha tpisbghUl;fspd; tpw;gid tpahghukhf bra;a Jtf;fk;/ tpiy Vw;wj;jhH;t[fshy; ,yhgk;

nfJ jpir (1999 - 2006)

Rf; jpir (2006 -2026)

5/12 f;Filatd; 12-y; ,yf;dhjpgjp g[jDld; ,izt[ - tpahghuj;jpw;fhf btspa{h] gazk; miyr]ry; - rpwg;ghd tpw;gid tUkhdk; brhe;j thfd trjpfs;
55

rhjfk] - 14
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : kpJdk] Fk;gk] (mtpl]lk; 3)
13.01.1967

gpwe;j neuk; : 16.15.00 mtpdhrp eluh$; kspif tpahghuk; I!; bjhHpw;rhiy jpUg]g{h] ifngrp : 9442652736

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; - 6 tpjp vz; - 10 : : :

br jpir 03 tUlk; 03 khjk] 00 ehs; ,yf;dk] - kpJdk] 10k; ghtfhjpgjp ;FU fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy] 7k; ghtfhjpgjp FU fd;dp ethk]rj;jpy;
: 7/10 f;Filatd; 2-y; fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy; brhe;j Muk;gk; - ey;y epiy/ tUkhdk]/ jpUkzk;/ trjpahd thH;f;if

FU jpir (1988-2004)

rdp jpir (2004 -2023)

8/9 f;Filatd; 10-y; flf ethk;rj;jpy; kspifa[ld; I!; bjhHpw;rhiy Muk]gpj;jy; fhy epiyf]F Vw;g jpOh] ,yhgk] rpy f#;lk] rpwg]ghd tpahghuk]
56

rhjfk] - 15
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : kpJdk] ,hplgk] (fhh]j;jpif 4)
11.04.1978

gpwe;j neuk; : 11.54 am nrt{h] bt';flhryk] kspif tpahghuk] I!; fl]o jahhpg]g[ mtpdhrp ifngrp : 9894729196

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; - 3 tpjp vz; - 8 tpjp vz; - 10 : : : :

Nhp jpir 00 tUlk; 00 khjk] 01 ehs; ,yf;dhjpgjp g[ - kpJdk] 10k] ghtfj]jpy] g[ (,yf]dhjpgjp) kPdj;jpy; nutjp el]rj;jpuj;jpy; ,yf;dhjpgjp g[ - nutjp el]rj;jpuj;jpy; 7-k; ghtfhjpgjp FU kpJdj;jpy; (,yf;dk;)
: 4-y; fd;dp uhrpapy; - re; (m!]jk;) el;rj;jpuj;jpy; - brhe;j tpahghuk; - gog;goahf Kd;ndw;wk] kspifa[ld; I!;f;fl;o jahhpg;g[ tpw;gid rpwg;ghd tsh]r;rp
57

,uhF jpir (1995-2013)

rhjfk] - 16
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : kpJdk] Jyhk] (Rthjp 4)
29.03.1956

gpwe;j neuk; : 12.30 pm mtpehrp j';fntY KUfd; kspif bkhj;j tpahghuk; uj tPjp/ mtpehrp ifngrp : 9886439159

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; - 3 tpjp vz; - 7 tpjp vz; - 10 : : : :

uhF jpir 01 tUlk; 04 khjk] 11 ehs; ,yf;dhjpgjp g[jd; - kpJdk; 10k; ghtfj]jpy; g[ - kPdk] 10k; ghtfhjpgjp FU Mapy;ak; el]rj;jpuj;jpy; (g[) flfj;jpy; 7k; ghtfhjpgjp FU g[jd; el]rj;jpuj;jpy; g[jd; - fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy]
: 8/9f;Filatd] 6-y] fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy; - kspiff; filapy; ntiy fLikahd ciHg]g[ - neh]ik jpObud;W brhe;jkhd tpahghuk] bjhl']f ntz]oa fl]lhak; - tha;g]g[ : 1/4f;Filatd; 10-y; fd;dp ethk;rj]jpy; - rpwe;j tpahghu Kiwfis ifahz;L tpahghu bgUf;fk] tskhd epiy : 12-y; - 12f;FilatDld; (Rf;) kpJd ethk]rj;jpy; - nghl]oahsh]fshy; rw;W tpahghu njha;t[ - Rfkhd bjhiyJ}u gpuahz']fs; - nghJbkd;w kdk]
58

rdp jpir (1973-1992)

g[jd; jpir (1992-2009) nfJ jpir (2009-2016)

rhjfk] - 17
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : flfk] jDR (\yk; 2)
23.05.1970

gpwe;j neuk; : 10.36 am mtpehrp gHdpr]rhkp kspiff] fil mtpehrp bjhiyngrp : 04296 - 288703

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; - 3 tpjp vz; - 6 tpjp vz; - 9 : : : :

nfJ jpir 04 tUlk; 02 khjk] 20 ehs; ,yf;dhjpgjp re; - flfk; 10k] ghtfj;jpy; g[ 10k; ghtfhjpgjp br g[jDld; fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy; 7k; ghtfhjpgjp rdp g[jDld] 10k; ghtfj;jpy; ,izt[
: : : : 4/11f;Filatd; 12-y; tptrhaj;jpy; <LghLRkhuhd thH;f;if 2f;Filatd; 11y] Ra tpahghuj; bjhlf;fk; ey;y tUkhdk; ,yf;dhjpgjp 6-y; - fodKaw;rp ciHg]g[ nghJkhd tUkhdk] 5/10f;Filatd; 11y; - rpwg]ghd tpahghuk] Kd;ndw;wk; - tUkhdk] Fwpf;nfhs;fspd; tphpthf]fk;
59

Rf; jpir (1994 tiu) Nhp jpir (1994-2000) re; jpir (2000-2010) br jpir (2010-2017)

rhjfk] - 18
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : flfk] kfuk] (jpUnthzk] 1)
16.05.1960

gpwe;j neuk; : 10.35 am nfhaKj;J}h] ,uhn$e;jpud; kspif O fil nfhgp rhiy nrt{h] ifngrp :

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; - 8 : :

re; jpir 09 tUlk; 02 khjk] 29 ehs; yf;dhjpgjp re; - flfk] yf;dhjpgjp re; - jpUnthzj;jpy;
: : 2-y; - rpWtaJ Kjy; tpahghuk] ey;y tUkhdk; 6/9 f;Filatd; 6-y] kpJd ethk]rj]jpy] fLikahd ciHg]g[ neh]ik/ juk] Mfpatw;why; rpwe;j tpahghuk] tUtha;

,uhF jpir (1976-1994) FU jpir (1994 2010)

rdp jpir (2010 2029)

7/8 f;Filatd; 6y] jw]fhyk] bjhHpy] nghl]o fld; - jilfs;

60

rhjfk] - 19
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : flfk] rpk;kk] (g{uk] 4)
14.03.1968

gpwe;j neuk; : 15.46.00 nrt{h] rj]a rPyd; kspif/ Fsph]ghdk]/ njdPh]/ tpwF tpahghuk] mtpehrp ifngrp : 9865171919

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp vz; - 10 : : :

Rf; jpir 01 tUlk; 05 khjk] 25 ehs; ,yf;dhjpgjp re; - flfk] 10k; ghtfhjpgjp br nutjp el]rj;jpuj;jpy; 7k] ghtfhjpgjp rdp nutjp el]rj;jpuj;jpy;
: 5/10f;Filatd; 9y; nutjp el]rj;jpuj;jpy] brhe;j tpahghuk[ - rpwg]ghf eilbgw;wJ 9-y] nutjp el]rj;jpuj;jpy; tpahghu tpUj;jp bgUk] bghUs] nrh]f]if tskhd thH;f;if 6/9f;Filatd] 2y] - fLikahd ciHg]g[ -

br jpir (1985 - 1992) ,uhF jpir (1992-2010) FU jpir (2010 2026)

rPuhd thH]f]if bghUs; tut[

61

rhjfk] - 20
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : flfk] rpk]kd; (kfk] 1)
04.03.1939

gpwe;j neuk; : 16.18.00 mtpehrp ,uhkrhkp ft[z]lh] kspif/ mhprp bkhj;j tpahghuk; mtpehrp ifngrp :

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp vz; - 9 tpjp vz; - 10 : : : :

nfJ jpir 06 tUlk; 01 khjk] 19 ehs; ,yf]dhjpgjp - re; - flfk] 10k; ghtfhjpgjp br g[jd; ethk]rj;jpy; nfl]il el]rj;jpuj;jpy; 7k; ghtfhjpgjp rdp 9 y; kPdj;jpy; g[jDld] ,izt[ g[ - flf ethk]rj;jpy;
: : : : : : 4/ 11f;Filatd; 7-y; tpahghu Muk]gk] 2f;Filatd; 8y; - jpOh] ,yhgk] ,yf;dhjpgjp re; 2-y] rpwe;j tpw;gid bghUs;/ brhj;J nrh]f]if 5/10f;Filatd; 5-y] bghpastpy; rpwe;j tpahghuk; 4y] tpahghu Rzf;fk]/ fld] gLjy] 6/8f;Filatd; 8y] cly] ey Fiwt[ tpahghuk] epWj;jk]
62

Rf; jpir (1945-1965) Nhp jpir (1965-1971) re; jpir (1971-1981) br jpir (1981-1988) ,uhF jpir (1988-2006) FU jpir (2006-2022)

rhjfk] - 21
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : flfk] ,hplgk] (nuhfpzp 1)
11.02.1973

gpwe;j neuk; : 17.15.00 mtpehrp rz;Kfk] kspif tpahghuk; nrt{h] ifngrp : 9994384082

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; - 8 tpjp vz; - 9 tpjp vz; - 10 : : : :

re; jpir 09 tUlk; 03 khjk] 02 ehs; ,yf]dhjpgjp re; - flfk] ,yf;dhjpgjp re; - nuhfpzp el]rj;jpuj;jpy; 7k; ghtfhjpgjp rdp nuhfpzp el]rj]jpuj;jpy; re; - ,izt[ 7k; ghtfhjpgjp rdp flf ethk]rj;jpy;
: : 6-y] jpUg]g{hpy; gdpad; fk;bgdpapy] ntiy 6/9 f;Filatd; 7-y] Rkhuhd tpahghuk; nghJkhd tUkhdk]

,uhF jpir (1989-2007) FU jpir (2007-2023)

63

rhjfk] - 22
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : rpk]kk] kPdk] (cj;jpul]lhjp 4)
03.02.1930

gpwe;j neuk; : 20.48.00 md;D}h] ,uhkrhkp ft[z;lh] kspif/ btz;bza; tpahghuk; nrt{h]

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 6 tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp vz; - 9 : : :

rdp jpir 02 tUlk; 08 khjk] 01 ehs; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf; - flf ethk;rk] 10k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf; - jpUnthzk] (re;) el]rj;jpuj;jpy] 7k; ghtfhjpgjp rdp g[jDld; ,izt[ jDrpy; - gog]g[ 6 tJ tiu - 19 Kjy; 43 taJ tiu fha;fwp/ ghy; tpahghuk; - thH;ehspy; jpUkzk; ,y;iy
: 3y; fLikahd ciHg]g[ - VH;ik : 3f;Filatd; 6-y; rhjuz thH]f;if jpir Kotpy; bjhHpypy; f#]lk] g{kp tpw;wy;- fld; jPh]t[ : ,yf;dhjpgjp 6-y; - fs;sr]rhuhak] tpw;gid muR jz;lidfs; - rhjhuz thH;f;ifjuk] : 12f;Filatd; 8y; - btz;bza; tpahghuk; e#;lj;jpy; bjhHpy; - f#;lkhd thH]f;if : 4/10f;Filatd; 6y; - tptrhaf; Typ : 9-y; miye;j tpahghuk; - mf;nlhgh] 2010 y; kuzk]
64

nfJ jpir (1949-1956) Rf; jpir (1956-1976) Nhp jpir (1976-1982) re; jpir (1982-1992) brt; jpir (1992-1999) ,uhF jpir (1999-2017)

rhjfk] - 23
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : rpk;kk] nkrk] (fhh]j;jpif 1)
12.06.1969

gpwe;j neuk; : 10.40 am mtpehrp KUnfrd; kspif tpahghuk; mtpehrp bjhiyngrp : 04296 - 288462

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 3 :

tpjp.vz; - 5 tpjp vz; - 6 tpjp vz; - 8 tpjp vz; - 9 : : : :

Nhp jpir 05 tUlk; 09 khjk] 15 ehs; 10-k; ghtfj;jpy; g[ (,hplgk;) ,yf;dhjpgjp N - ,izt[
10k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf;/ re; ,izt[ 10k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf;/ flf ethk]rj;jpy; (re;) ,yf;dhjpgjp Nhp g[jDld; ,izt[ 10y; 7k; ghtfhjpgjp rdp/ re; kw;Wk; 10k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf; - t[ld; ,izt[ - nkrj;jpy;
: 4/9 f;Filatd; 4-y; tpahghuj; bjhlf;fk; mog;gilfis cUthf;Fjy; - epahakhd tpiy/ juk; vd;w ey;y rpe;jid njitfSf;nfw;g thH]f;if juk] : 8y] flf ethk]rk] bkhj;j tpahghuk]/ jpOh] ,yhgk]/ tpgj;J kd cisr]ry] epjhdkpy]yh jd;ik : 5/8 f;Filatd; 2y; fd;dp uhrpapy; cah]e;j epiy epahakhd/ epjhdkhd tpw;gid cf]jpfSld; rPuhd tpahghuk] bgUk] tUkhdk] brhj;Jf;fs; Ftpg]g[ - tskhd Md;kPf thH]f]if
65

brt; jpir (1985-1992)

,uhF jpir (1992-2010) FU jpir (2010-2026)

rhjfk] - 24
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : fd;dp ,hplgk] (kpUfrPhplk] 2)
14.01.1976

gpwe;j neuk; : 23.30.00 nfhaKj;J}h] mfpyuR B.Sc., M.B.A kspif/ lah]/ bgl]nuhy]/ jz;zPh] tpahghuk; nkl]Lg]ghisak; nuhL/ nfhaKj;J}h] bjhiyngrp :

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp vz; - 8 tpjp vz; - 9 tpjp vz; - 10 : : : : :

br jpir 03 tUlk; 10 khjk] 18 ehs; ,yf;dhjpgjp g[ - fd;dp 10k; ghtfhjpgjp g[ - 5y; jpUnthzk; el]rj;jpuj;jpy; ,yf;dhjpgjp g[ - 5y; jpUnthzk; el]rj;jpuj;jpy; 7k; ghtfhjpgjp FU 7-y; nutjp el]rj;jpuk; (re;) y re; g[jd; ethk;rj;jpy;
: : ,sk; tajpnyna tpahghuk; 4/7f;Filatd; 7y; nutjp el]rj;jpuj;jpy; (g[) brhe;j tpahghuk] cah]e;j me]j!;J rpwe;j tpahghuk]/ ,yhgk]
66

,uhF jpir (1979-1997) FU jpir (1997-2013)

rhjfk] - 25
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : fd;dp kPdk; (nutjp 4)
15.08.1976

gpwe;j neuk; : 10.08.49 am jpUg]g{h] Rgh!; re;jpu ngh!; kspif tpahghuk; jpUg]g{h] ifngrp : 9894440777

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; - 5 tpjp vz; - 10 : : :

g[jd; jpir 02 tUlk; 01 khjk] 06 ehs; fd;dp ,yf;dk] ,yf;dhjpgjp/ 10 k; ghtfhjpgjp g[ - 12y; ethk;r ,yf;dk] fd;dp 7y; - nutjp el]rj;jpuj;jpy;

Rf; jpir (1985-2005)

2/9 f;Filatd; 12-y; jpUkzk; -kidtp Chpy; Fokhw;wk; - Ra tpahghu bjhlf;fk; - Rkhuhd tUkhdk;

Nhp jpir (2005-2011)

12f;Filatd; 10-y; - btspa{hpy; tpahghu tpUj;jp ey;y tUkhdk; - kidtpapd; xj;JiHg]g[ld;

67

rhjfk] - 26
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : fd;dp flfk; (g{rk] 2)
25.02.1953

gpwe;j neuk; : 19.30.00 nrt{h] mtpdhrpg]g ft[z;lh] tptrhak;/ kspif / nrt{h]

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; - 5 tpjp vz; - 6 tpjp vz; - 10

g[ jpir (1964-1981) nfJ jpir (1981-1988) Rf; jpir (1988-2008)

rdp jpir 11 tUlk; 02 khjk] 29 ehs; ,yf;dk; - fd;dp 1/10 k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf; g[ - 7y; kPdj;jpy; 10 k; ghtfhjpgjp g[ - flf ethk;rj;jpy; re; - fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy;
: : : 1/10f;Filatd; 7-y; tptrhak; bra;J tpisbghUl]fis tpw;gid ey;y tUkhdk; 1-y; g[ - el]rj;jpuj;jpy; - ,yhgj;Jld; tpahghuk] bjhlh]jy; 2/9 f;Filatd; 7-y; - g[ el]rj;jpuj;jpy; g[jd; ,izt[ld; - g[jpa Kaw;rpahf kspif tpahghuk; - tUkhdk]/ nrkpg]g[/ gy kdpjh]fspd; xj;JiHg]ghy; tpUj;jp. 12 f;Filatd; 6-y; - giHa fld; tNy; btspa{hpy; tpahghu bgUf;fk; - murh';f mguhjk; - miyr]ry;
68

: : : :

Nhp jpir (2008-2014)

rhjfk] - 27
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : fd;dp ,hplgk; (nuhfpzp 4)
10.08.1958

gpwe;j neuk; : 8.45 am mtpehrp ghy Rg]ukzpak] kspif tpahghuk; mtpehrp ifngrp : 9788831360

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; - 5 tpjp vz; - 10 : : :

re; jpir 02 tUlk; 00 khjk] 10 ehs; ,yf;dhjpgjp g[ - fd;dp 10k; ghtfhjpgjp g[ - rpk;kj;jpy] re; - flf ethk]rk;
: : 2-y; rk;gsj;jpw;F ntiy 4/7 f;Filatd; 2y; - brhe;j tpahghuk; mYkpdpag] ghj;jpuk; - rpwg;ghd tpahghuk]/ tUkhdk] jpUkzk; 5f;Filatd; 3y; nfl;il el]rj;jpuj;jpy; (g[) kspif tpahghuk] fLikahd ciHg]g[ Rkhuhd tUkhdk] mikjpahd thH]f;if
69

,uhF jpir (1967-1985) FU jpir (1985-2001)

rdp jpir (2001 -2020)

rhjfk] - 28
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : fd;dp tpUr]rpfk; (nfl]il 3)
21.06.1967

gpwe;j neuk; : 12.58 pm nfhaKj;J}h] fhspKj]J kspif/ njdPh] fil/ hpay] v!;nll] tpahghuk; nfhaKj;J}h] ifngrp : 9965150339

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; tpjp.vz; tpjp.vz; tpjp.vz; -3 -5 -6 - 10 : : : : :

g[jd; jpir 07 tUlk; 07 khjk] 19 ehs; ,yf;dhjpgjp g[ - fd;dp 1+10k] ghtfhjpgjp g[ - kpJdj;jpy] 1+10k] ghtfhjpgjp g[ - kpJdj;jpy] 1+10k] ghtfhjpgjp g[ - kpJd ethk]rj;jpy] 11k] ghtfhjpgjp re] g[ el]rj;jpuj;jpy; 2/9 k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf; - g[ el]rj;jpuj;jpy;
: 2/9f;Filatd; 11y] flfj;jpy; - g[jd; el]rj;jpuj;jpy; (Mapy]ak;) kspiff;fil bjhlf]fk] ey;y tpahghuk]/ tUkhdk]/ bgUk] bghUs; <l]ly] trjpahd thH]f]if 12f;Filatd; 10-y] bjhHpy] epkpj]jk] btspa{h] j';fy] tpahghu tpUj]jp[ - bjhHpy] KjyPLfs] 11f;Filatd; 3-y] nfl]il (g[) g[jpa gy bjhHpy] Kaw;rp btw]wp bghUs] <l]ly] rpwg]ghd trjp thH]f]if
70

Rf] jpir (1982-2002)

Nhp jpir (2002 -2008) re; jpir (2008-2018)

: :

rhjfk] - 29
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : fd;dp ,hplgk] (nuhfpzp 2)
23.11.1980

gpwe;j neuk; : 02.42 am brd;dpkiy thR njtd] kspif/ krhyh bghUl]fs] jahhpg]g[ bkhj;j tpahghuk; <nuhL ifngrp : 9944951091

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 1 tpjp.vz; - 5 tpjp vz; - 10 : : :

re] jpir 05 tUlk; 09 khjk] 17 ehs; ,yf;dhjpgjp g[ - fd;dp 10k; ghtfhjpgjp g[ - Jyhj;jpy; 2y] 7k; ghtfhjpgjp FU - m!;j el]rj;jpuj;jpy;
: 11-y] flfj]jpy] Mapy]ak] (g[) el]rj;jpuj;jpy; - je;ijapd; bjhHpypy; jiyikg] bghWg]g[ rikay] krhyhg] bghUl]fs] jahhpg]g[ - bkhj]j tpahghuk] rpwe]j tpw]gid - ,yhgk] <l]ly] trjpahd me]j!;J

,uhF jpir (1993-2011)

71

rhjfk] - 30
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : Jyhk] flfk; (Mapy]ak] 3)
02.03.1950

gpwe;j neuk; : 21.55.47 g[. g[spak]gl]o u';frhkp ft[z;lh] rf]jp kspif/ g[. g[spak]gl]o

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 3 tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp.vz; - 8 tpjp vz; - 10 : : : :

g[jd; jpir 06 tUlk; 03 khjk] 10 ehs; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp re; - flfj;jpy; Ml]rp 10k; ghtfhjpgjp re; - Mapy]aj;jpy] (g[) ,yf;dhjpgjp Rf; jpUnthzj;jpy; (re;) kfuj;jpy; g[ -t[ld; ,izt[ g[jd; fd;dp ethk]rj;jpy;
: : : : : 1/8k] ghtfhjpgjp Rf; - re; el]rj;jpuj]jpy] Ra tpahghuj] bjhlf]fk] 11k] ghtfhjpgjp 5y] - ,yhgk]/ tpahghu tpUj]jp 10k] ghtfj;jpy] Ml]rp- g[jd; el]rj;jpuj;jpy] <Lghl]Lld] tpahghuk]/ ngh]/ g[fH]/ cah]e]j epiy 2/7f]Filatd; 12-y] tpahghuj]jpy] KjyPL/ mirah brhj]jpy] KjyPL 6y] fLikahd ciHg]g[ - ciHg]g[f]nfw]w Cjpak]
72

Rf; jpir (1963-1983) Nhp jpir (1983-1989) re; jpir (1989-1999) brt] jpir (1999-2006) ,uhF jpir (2006-2024)

rhjfk] - 31
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : Jyhk; kpJdk; (jpUthjpiu 2)
21.10.1951

gpwe;j neuk; : 07.12 am md;D}h] bghd;Dr]rhkp kspif/ I!] tpahghuk; mtpehrp

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 2 tpjp.vz; - 5 tpjp vz; - 10 : : :

uhF jpir 09 tUlk; 09 khjk] 08 ehs; ,yf]dj;jpy] g[jd] 10k; ghtfhjpgjp re; - kpJd uhrpapy; ,yf;dhgjp R fd;dp ethk]rj;jpy]

22 taJ Kjy] irf]fpspy] Ch] Cuhf brd]W tpahghuk] 23 tajpy] jpUkzk] - FHe]ij ,y]iy
FU jpir (1961-1977) rdp jpir (1977-1996) : : 6-y] filapy] ntiy 4/5f;Filatd; 12y] miye]J I!] tpahghuk] irf]fpspy] jhH]e;j epiy g[jd; jpir (1996-2013) : 9/12 f;Filatd; ,yf]dj]jpy] miytJ epw]ftpy]iy
73

rhjfk] - 32
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : tpUr]rpfk] tpUr]rpfk] (mDrk] 2)
27.07.1947

gpwe;j neuk; : 14.06.00 nrt{h] njtuh$% tz]oapy] mhprp tpahghuk; nrt{h

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 2 tpjp.vz; - 9 tpjp vz; - 10

g[ jpir (1960-1977) nfJ jpir (1977-1984) Rf; jpir (1984-2004) Nhp jpir (2004-2010) re] jpir (2010-2020)

rdp jpir 12 tUlk; 06 khjk] 21 ehs; ,yf]dj]jpy] re] 7k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf; g[jDld; 8y] kpJd ethk]rk] 10k; ghtfhjpgjp Nhp flfj]jpy] re] fd]dp ethk]rj]jpy]
: : : : : 8y] tptrhaj]jpy] <LghL ,yf]dj]jpy] Typ ntiy 7/12 f;Filatd; 8y] g[jDld] - tz]oapy] kspifg] bghUl]fs] elkhLk] tpw]gid 10f;Filatd; 9y] kPz]Lk] miyr]ry] 9f;Filatd; ,yf]dj]jpy] mnj fLikahd ciHg]g[
74

: : :

rhjfk] - 33
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : tpUr]rpfk] kpJdk; (kpUfrPhplk] 3)
01.12.1955

gpwe;j neuk; : 05.30 am jpUr]bre]J}h] bre;jpy] nty] kspif tpahghuk; nfhgp rhiy/ nrt{h] ifngrp : 9944816688

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 2 tpjp.vz; - 5 tpjp vz; - 10 : : :

br jpir 01 tUlk; 10 khjk] 13 ehs; ,yf]dj]jpy] g[jd; 10k; ghtfhjpgjp Nhp - g[jDld; ,izt[ yf;dj;jpy; flf ethk]r ,yf]dk] 7k] ghtfhjpgjp Rf] kpJd ethk]rj]jpy]
: : 2/5f;Filatd] 10-y] kpJd ethk]rk] tpahghuj] bjhlf]fk] rpwg]ghd tsh]r]rp 3/4f]Filatd] ,yf]dj]jpy] g[jd] ,izt[ + 10k] ghtfhjpgjp Nhp ,izt[ - flf ethk]r ,yf]dj]jpy] Kaw]rpfspdhy] tpUj]jp fLikahd ciHg]g[ - tPl]ow]F kspif blypthp bra]a[k] cf]jp mjpf tpw]gid tskhd thH]f]if 8/11 f;Filatd; ,yf]dj]jpy] jpOh] ,yhgk] tpUk]gpa thH]f;if
75

FU jpir (1975-1991) rdp jpir (1991-2010)

g[jd] jpir (2010-2027)

rhjfk] - 34
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : jDR nkrk; (guzp 3)
01.12.1960

gpwe;j neuk; : 09.30.00am mtpehrp gHdpr]rhkp kspif tpahghuk; jpUg]g{h] ifngrp : 0421 - 2910904

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 5 tpjp.vz; - 6 : :

Rf] jpir 06 tUlk; 01 khjk] 05 ehs; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp g[ - Jyhj]jpy] 10k; ghtfhjpgjp g[ - kpJd ethk]rj;jpy]
: : gog]g[ 5/12f;Filatd; 7y] kpJdj;jpy] tpahghu Mh]tk] - bjhlf]fk] 9y] fd]dp ethk]rj]jpy] tpahghu tpUj]jp gytpjkhd tUkhdk] 1/4f]Filatd] ,yf]dj]jpy] ngu;/ g[fH]/

re; jpir (1973-1983) br jpir (1973 1983) ,uhF jpir (1990-2008) FU jpir (2008-2024)

: :

btw]wp/ brsfhpakhd thH]f]if/ tUkhdk]

76

rhjfk] - 35
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : jDR rpk;kk; (g{uk] 4)
01.12.1961

gpwe;j neuk; : 08.54 am mtpehrp mg]g[r;rhkp tptrhak]/ kspif nrt{h] ifngrp : 9245997425

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 5 tpjp.vz; - 6 tpjp vz; - 8 tpjp vz; - 9 : : : :

Rf; jpir 02 tUlk; 08 khjk] 10 ehs; 10-k; ghtffhjpgjp g[ - tpUr]rpfj;jpy; (12y;) 10k; ghtfhjpgjp g[ - fd;dp ethk]rk] ethk]r ,yf;dhjpgjp ,yf;dhgjp FU jpUnthzk; el]rj;jpuj;jpy; 7/9f;Filatd; g[jd;
: : : 5/12f;Filatd; 12-y; - tptrhak] 8-y] Mapy;aj;jpy; - tpahghuk] gy cah]t[ jhH]t[ - mog]gil thH]f;if Xl]lk] 1.4 f;Filatd; 2-y; jpUnthzj;jpy; - kspif tpahghu KG <LghL/ ngh]/ g[fH; tskhd tUkhdk]
77

br jpir (1980-1987) ,uhF jpir (1987-2005) FU jpir (2005-2021)

rhjfk] - 36
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : jDR Jyhk; (rpj;jpiu 3)
06.09.1959

gpwe;j neuk; : 14.30.00 nkl]Lg]ghisak] bry;tuh$; th]f]fp tpahghuk; mtpehrp ifngrp : 9344713632

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp.vz; - 10 : :

br jpir 02 tUlk; 01 khjk] 15 ehs; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp g[ - kpJd ethk]rj]jpy] 7/10 f;Fila g[ - fd;dp ethk]rk;
: : 1/4f;Filatd; 12-y; - miye;J th]f]fp tpahghuk] nghJkhd tUkhdk] 2/3 f;Filatd; ,yf;dj;jpy; kpJd

FU jpir (1979-1995) rdp jpir (1995-2014)

ethk]rj;jpy;

- rpW miyr]ry; - ,yhgk]

epiyahd kjpg]g[

78

rhjfk] - 37
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : jDR fd;dp (cj]jpuk; 2)
21.09.1979

gpwe;j neuk; : 13.15.00 nfhaKj;J}h] kzp fpU#]zd] krhyh kspif bghUl]fs] jahhpg]g[ bkhj;j tpahghuk; ryptd; tPjp/ nfhit bjhiyngrp : 0422 - 2318887

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 3 tpjp.vz; - 4 tpjp.vz; - 5 tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp.vz; - 9 : : : : :

Nhp jpir 03 tUlk; 00 khjk] 14 ehs; 10-k; ghtfk; - fd;dp g[ g[ + re; ,izt[ - 10 y; fd;dp 10k] ghtfhjpgjp g[ + re; ,izt[ 10k] ghtfhjpgjp g[ + re; (m!]jk]) el]rj;jpuj;jpy; 7k] ghtfhjpgjp g[ + re; ,izt[
: 9y] ,yf]dhjpgjp FU/ 2/3f;Fila rdpa[ld; ,izt[ - krhyhg] bghUl]fs] jahhpg]g[ bkhj]jk tpahghuk] tpUj]jp bgUk] ,yhgk]

,uhF jpir (1999-2017)

79

rhjfk] - 38
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : jDR jDR (\yk] 4)
13.06.1957

gpwe;j neuk; : 19.30.00 mtpehrp ,s';nfhtd; kspif tpahghuk; tlf;F uj tPjp / mtpehrp bjhiyngrp : 04296 - 292673

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 2 tpjp.vz; - 5 tpjp.vz; - 9 tpjp.vz; - 10 : : : :

nfJ jpir 00 tUlk; 03 khjk] 21 ehs; ,yf;dj;jpy; re; 10k; ghtfhjpgjp g[ - 6y; - ,hplgj;jpy; 7k; ghtfhjpgjp g[ - ,hplgj;jpy; re; - flf ethk]r ,yf;dhjpgjp
: : : : 9f;Filatd; 6y; - kspiff; filapy; ntiy 8f;Filatd; ,yf;dj;jpy; - flf ethk]rj;jpy] kspiff; fil itj;jy; - gy rpuk';fs; 5/12f;Filatd; 8-y; flf ethk;rk; - kPz;Lk; Kaw;rpfs; - g[jpa KjyPL kWgoa[k; tpahghuk] 11y; ePz;l fhy rpuk';fSf;F gpwF bkhj;j tpahghuk] rpwg]ghf ele;J tUfpwJ rpwg;ghd tUkhdk]
80

Nhp jpir (1977-1983) re; jpir (1983-1993) br jpir (1993-2000) ,uhF jpir (2000-2018)

rhjfk] - 39
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : jDR Jyhk; (rpj;jpiu 4)
12.01.1969

gpwe;j neuk; : 06.40 am ikNh] ,uhK kspif/ ghj;jpu tpahghuk; mtpehrp ifngrp : 9965673855

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 6 tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp vz; - 8 tpjp vz; - 10 : : : :

br jpir 01 tUlk; 04 khjk] 10 ehs; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp g[ - kpJd ethk]rj;jpy; 10k; ghtfhjpgjp g[ - jpUnthz el]rj;jpuj;jpy; (re;) ,yf;dhgjp FU m!;j (re;) el]rj;jpuj;jpy] 7/10 f;Filatd; g[ - kpJd ethk]rj;jpy;
: 1/ 4 f;Filatd; 10-y; - m!;j el]rj;jpuj;jpy; brhe;j tpahghu bjhlf;fk; - tpUj;jp ngh]/ g[fH]/ tUkhdk; 2/3 f;Filatd; 4y; nutjp el]rj;jpuj;jpy; tpahghu g[jpa cf;jpfs; - kspifa[ld; Ff;fh]/ ghj;jpu tpahghuk; bgUf;fk] ntiyahl]fis itj;J eph]thfk; -tskhd thH;f;if

FU jpir (1988-2004)

rdp jpir (2004 -2023)

81

rhjfk] - 40
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : kfuk] nkrk; (m!;tpdp 3)
10.06.1969

gpwe;j neuk; : 22.42.00 mtpehrp gHdpr]rhkp nj';fha; bkhj;j tpahghuk; mtpehrp ifngrp : 9942540386

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 5 tpjp.vz; - 6 tpjp vz; - 9 tpjp.vz; - 10 : : : :

nfJ jpir 02 tUlk; 05 khjk] 06 ehs; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf;/ re;/ ,yf;dhjpgjp rdp ,izt[ - 4y; 10k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf; - flf ethk;rk] 7k; ghtfhjpgjp re;/ ,yf;dhjpgjp rdp/ 7k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf; - t[ld; 4y; ,izt[ 7k; ghtfhjpgjpahf re; - kpJd ethk;rj;jpy;
: : : 5/10 f;Filatd; 4y; - gog;gpy; jil ntiyf;F nrUjy; 8f;Filatd; 5y; g[jDld; - tpahghu <LghL rk;gsj;ij tpl nkyhd thH]f;if 7 f;Filatd; 4-y; ,yf;dhjpgjpa[ld; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjpa[ld; - KG Kaw;rpa[ld; tpahghuk; ey;y cah]t[ - jukhd tpahghuk] tskhd thH;f;if 4/11 f;Filatd; 11y; - tpahghug] bgUf;fk] Fwpf]nfhis miljy;
82

Rf; jpir (1971-1991) Nhp jpir (1991-1997) re; jpir (1997-2007)

br jpir (2007-2014)

rhjfk] - 41
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : kfuk; kfuk; (cj]uhlk; 3)
17.07.1981

gpwe;j neuk; : 19.30.00 nfhaKj;J}h] fy;gdh kspif tpahghuk; nrt{u]. ifngrp : 9944049639

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 2 tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp.vz; - 8 tpjp vz; - 10 : : : :

Nhp jpir 01 tUlk; 10 khjk] 11 ehs; ,yf;dj;jpy; re; - kfuk] 10k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf; Mapy;ak; el]rj;jpuj;jpy; ,yf;dhjpgjp m!;j el]rj;jpuj;jpy; 7k; ghtfhjpgjp re; - ,yf;dj;jpy;
: 7-y; fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy; - fztupd; cjtpahy; tpahghuk; bjhlf;fk; - rPuhd tpw;gid tsh]r;rp

,uhF jpir (2000-2018)

83

rhjfk] - 42
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : Fk;gk] jDR (\yk] 1)
15.05.1949

gpwe;j neuk; : 00.52.28 am mtpehrp fe;jrhkp ft[z;lh] ghy; tpahghuk; nrt{h]

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 6 tpjp.vz; - 9 tpjp vz; - 10 : : :

nfJ jpir 06 tUlk; 07 khjk] 05 ehs; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp br fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy; 7k; ghtfhjpgjp Nhp + g[ ,hplgj;jpy; ,izt[ g[jd; - flf ethk;rj;jpy;
: : : : 4/9 f;Filatd; 4-y; - fy;tp tptrhak; 7 f;Filatd; 4y; - g[ t[ld; - tptrha tpisg]bghUl]fs;/ ghy; tpw;gid 6 f;Filatd; 11-y; fLikahd ciHg]g[ tpahghuj;jpy; Kd;ndw;wk; - tUkhdk; 3/10 f;Filatd; 3y; ,uhF ,izt[ rhiy tpgj]J ciHg]g[ - Kd;ndw;wk; 3 y; - fLikahd ciHg]g[ - mikjpahd

Rf; jpir (1955-1975) Nhp jpir (1975-1981) re; jpir (1981-1991) br jpir (1991-1998) ,uhF jpir (1998-2016)

thH;f;if
84

rhjfk] - 43
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : Fk]gk] kfuk; (mtpl]lk] 1)
21.05.1957

gpwe;j neuk; : 00.48 am nrt{h] Rthkpehjd; nrt{h] ifngrp :

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 8 tpjp.vz; - 10 : :

br jpir 05 tUlk; 05 khjk] 09 ehs; ,yf;dhjpgjp rdp nfl]il (g[) el;rj;jpuj;jpy; g[ fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy;
: : 2/11 f;Filatd; FU 7-y; - tptrhak; - tptrhag] bghUl]fs; tpw;gid bjhlf;fk; - tsh]r;rp 12/ 1 f;Filatd; 10 y; - nfl]il el]rj;jpuj]jpy; btspa{h] tpw]gidahy; tsh]r]rp ey;y bgah] me;j!;J

FU jpir (1980-1996) rdp jpir (1996-2015)

85

rhjfk] - 44
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : Fk]gk] fd;dp (m!;jk] 1)
16.04.1973

gpwe;j neuk; : 03.30 am jhuhg[uk] Mde;juh$; kspif tpahghuk; nrt{h] ifngrp : 9842784069

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 6 tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp vz; - 10 : : :

re; jpir 07 tUlk; 08 khjk] 28 ehs; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp br flf ethk]rj;jpy; 10k; ghtfhjpgjp br jpUnthzk] el]rj;jpuj;jpy; (re;) re; - fd;dpapy;
: 11-y; fd;dp ethk;rj;jpy; - tpahghu <LghL bkhj;j tpahghuj; bjhlf;fk] cah]e;j epiy ,yhgk] trjpahd thH]f;if 2/ 11 f;Filatd; KjyPL/ 12 y; tpahghuj;jpw;F epkpj;jk;

,uhF jpir (1988-2006)

FU jpir (2006-2022)

mjpfstpy; nrh]f]if
86

bjhHpy;

mjpfkhd btspa{h] thrk] bgUk] bghUs]

rhjfk] - 45
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : Fk]gk] Fk;gk] (rjak] 3)
23.12.1971

gpwe;j neuk; : 11.06 am mtpehrp Rg]ukzpak] mhprp bkhj;j tpahghuk; mtpehrp ifngrp : 9965575320

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 2 tpjp.vz; - 3 tpjp vz; - 10 : : :

,uhF jpir 08 tUlk; 07 khjk] 08 ehs; Fk;g ,yf;dj;jpy; re; 10k; ghtfj;jpy; g[jd; - tpUr]rpfj;jpy; 7k; ghtfhjpgjp Nhp kpJd ethk]rj;jpy;
: 2/11 f;Filatd; 10 y; - nfl;il el;rj;jpuj;jpy; g[jd; ,izt[ld; -rpW tajpnyna mhprp bkhj;j tpahghuj;jpy; <LghL rpwe;j tpahghuk; 1/ 12 f;Fila ,yf;dhjpgjp 4y; kpFe;j KjyPL - miye;J jphpe;J tpahghuk; - nghJkhd tUkhdk;

FU jpir (1980-1996)

rdp jpir (1996-2015)

87

rhjfk] - 46
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : Fk]gk] jDR (g[uhlk] 4)
14.12.1966

gpwe;j neuk; : 11.00 am nfhaKj;J}h] ghy fpU#;zd; kspif/ njdPh] tpLjp/ mLkid nfhaKj;J}h] ifngrp : 9965995440

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 3 tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp vz; - 9 tpjp vz; - 10 : : : :

Rf; jpir 03 tUlk; 06 khjk] 09 ehs; 10-k; ghtfj;jpy; g[jd; - tpUr]rpfk] 10k; ghtfhjpgjp br-m!;jk] el]rj;jpuj;jpy; (re;) 7k; ghtfhjpgjp Nhp 10y; g[jDld; ,izt[ ,yf;dhjpgjp rdp kpJd ethk]rj;jpy;
: 3/ 10 f;Filatd; 8y; fd;dpapy; -g[jpa Kaw;rp kspif mLkid bjhHpy; Muk;gk; - Rkhuhd tpw;gid tUkhdk; 3-y; bjhHpy; tpUj;jp fLikahd ciHg]g[ gy fpisfs; - rPuhd tpw;gid tUkhdk; vjph]ghh]g;g[ mjpfk;
88

br jpir (1986-1993)

,uhF jpir (1993-2011)

rhjfk] - 47
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : Fk]gk] rpk]kk] (g{uk] 2)
10.11.1963

gpwe;j neuk; : 13.30.00 mtpehrp eluh$; kspif - mhprp tpahghuk; mtpehrp ifngrp : 9487281717

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp.vz; - 9 tpjp vz; - 10 : : :

Rf; jpir 12 tUlk; 10 khjk] 11 ehs; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp br nfl]il el]rj]jpuj;jpy; (g[) tpUr]rpfk; - Ml]rp 7k; ghtfhjpgjp Nhp g[jDld; ,izt[ - 9y; 7 y] re;jpud; -re; - fd;dp ethk]rj;jpy; g[jd; - kpJd ethk;rj;jpy;
: 6 f;Filatd; 7 y; - fd;dp ethk]rj;jpy;- mhprp tpahghuk] bjhlf]fk] fLk] ciHg]g[ - ,yhgk] Fiwt[ - fldhfp tpl]lJ

re; jpir (1982-1992)

br jpir (1992-1999) ,uhF jpir (1999-2017)

: :

3/10 f;Filatd; 10y; - g[jpa cf;jpa[ld; kWgoa[k; bjhlh]jy; - Xust[ epiyahd jd;ik 5y; - jw;rkak; tpUj;jp ey;y tUkhdk;
89

rhjfk] - 48
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : kPdk] nkrk] (m!;tpzp 2)
03.11.1979

gpwe;j neuk; : 16.00.00 rhj]jhd; Fsk] re;juyp']fk] kspif tpahghuk; nrt{h] ifngrp : 9942275644

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 6 tpjp.vz; - 10 : :

nfJ jpir 03 tUlk; 10 khjk] 15 ehs; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp FU flf ethk]rj;jpy; 7k; ghtfhjpgjp Rf; g[ - fd;dp ethk]rj;jpy;
: : 3/ 8 f;Filatd; 9y; g[jDld; ,izt[ je;ijapd; tpahghuj;jpy; cjtp 6 f;Filatd; 8y; - ,uhF el]rj;jpuj;jpy; je;ij cly;epiyahy; ,th] jiyik fLk] ciHg]g[ - jpOh] ,yhgk]

Rf; jpir (1983-2003) Nhp jpir (2003-2009)

re; jpir (2009-2019)

5 f;Filatd; 2 y; - rpwe;j tpahghuk] - ,yhgk]

90

rhjfk] - 49
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : kPdk] kpJdk] (jpUthjpiu 3)
26.09.1948

gpwe;j neuk; : 19.00.00 nrt{h] nkhfd Re;juk] re;ij (elkhLk;) kspiff; fil ek]gpa{h]

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp.vz; - 8 tpjp vz; - 10 : : :

uhF jpir 07 tUlk; 02 khjk] 29 ehs; 10-k; ghtfhjpgjp FU nfl]il (g[) el]rj]jpuj]jpy; ,yf;dhjpgjp FU nfl]il (g[) el]rj;jpuj;jpy; Rf; - kpJd uhrpapy;
: 11/ 12 f;Filatd; 6 y; - kpJd ethk]rj;jpy; xt;bthU Cuhf brd;W re;ijfspy; kspif tpahghuk; - miyr]ry] ciHg]g[f;F jf;f tUkhdk] thuk] KGtJk] re;ij elg]gjhy; xU ,lj]jpy] j';f ,ayhik 4/ 7 f;Filatd; 8 y; - re;ij tpahghuk] bjhlh]jy; - bghUl]fspd; jpOh] Vw;wj;jhy]/ jpOh] ,yhgk] 8 y; mnj miyr]ry] bjhlh]fpwJ

rdp jpir (1971-1990)

g[jd; jpir (1990-2007) nfJ jpir (2007-2014)

: :

91

rhjfk] - 50
,yf;dk; ,uhrp gpwe;j njjp gpwe;j Ch] rhjfh] bgah]/ tpyhrk; : : : : : kPdk] Fk]gk] (rjak] 2)
13.05.1985

gpwe;j neuk; : 03.45 am mtpehrp nrfh] kspif tpahghuk;/ Vh]bry; Vb$d;l] nfhit nuhL/ mtpehrp ifngrp : 9842201685

gpwg]g[ jrh ,Ug]g[ : tpjp.vz; - 6 tpjp.vz; - 7 tpjp vz; - 8 tpjp vz; - 10

FU jpir FU rdp jpir

uhF jpir 10 tUlk; 06 khjk] 29 ehs; 1/ 10 k] ghtfhjpgjp FU flf ethk]rj;jpy; 1/10 k; ghtfhjpgjp FU jpUnthzj;jpy; (re;) ,yf;dhgjp FU jpUnthzj;jpy; (re;) 7 k] ghtfhjpgjp g[jd;

: : : :

: g[jd; g[j;jpapy; 11.8.2000 Kjy; kspif tpahghuj;jpy; <LghL ey;y tpw;gid trjpahd thH;f;if : ,uhF g[j;jp 7 / 2009 Kjy] bkhigy; nghd; epWtdj;jpw;F Vb$z;lhft[k; tpahghu tpUj;jp : (12.12.2011-12.12.2030) 11/12 f;Filatd; 9 y] flf ethk]rj]jpy] tpahghuk] tsUk] mjw]F KjyPL mjpfhpg]g[ - bgUk] ,yhgk] vjph]ghh]g]g[ - miyr]ry] btspa{h] thrk] trjpahd thH]f]if mika[k]
92

gFg]gha;t[
re;jpud;/ g[jd; ,U nfhs;fspd; ,yf;dk; kw;Wk; 10 k; ghtfj;bjhlh]g[fs;

m.

re;jpudpd; ,yf;dk; kw;Wk; gj;jhk; ghtfj; bjhlh]g[

,yf;dk; kw;Wk; gj;jhk] ghtfk] Mfpa ,U ghtf';fSlDd; bjhlh]g[ bfhz;L cs;sij Ma;t[ bra;j 50 rhjf';fspy; 26 rhjf';fspy; fhz KofpwJ. (52 %)

re;jpud;

re;jpud; ,yf;;d ghtfj;Jld; kl]Lk] bjhlh]g[ bfhz;Ls;sij 11 rhjf';fspy; fhzKofpwJ (22%) re;jpud; gj;jhk] ghtfj;Jld; kl]Lk; bjhlh]g[ bfhz;Ls;sij 11 rhjf';fspy; fhz KofpwJ. (22%) re;jpud; ,yf;d ghtfk] kw]Wk; gj;jhk] ghtfj]Jld; bjhlh]ng ,y;yhjij 2 rhjf']fspy; fhz KofpwJ. (4%) gpd;dpizg]g[ : 1 y; rhjf vz;fs; bjhFj;Jf; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

60% 52%

50%

re;jpudpd; 1 10 k; ghtfj; bjhlh]g[

40%
rjtPjk; (%)

re;jpudpd; ,yf;d bjhlh]g[ kl;Lk;

22% 22%

30%

re;jpudpd; 10 k; ghtfj; bjhlh]g[ kl]Lk; re;jpudpd; 1/ 10 k; ghtf bjhlh]gpd;dk;

4%

20%

10%

0% re;jpudpd; 1 10 k; ghtfj; bjhlh]g[ re;jpudpd; ,yf;d bjhlh]g[ kl;Lk; re;jpudpd; 10 k; ghtfj; re;jpudpd; 1/ 10 k; ghtf bjhlh]g[ kl]Lk; bjhlh]gpd;dk;

93

M.

g[jdpd; ,yf;dk; kw;Wk; gj;jhk; ghtfj; bjhlh]g[

g[jd; ,yf;dk; kw;Wk] gj]jhk] ghtfk] Mfpa ,U ghtf';fSld; bjhlh]g[ bfhz;Ls;sij 26 rhjf';fspy; fhz KofpwJ. (52%) g[jd; ,yf;d ghtfj;Jld; kl]Lk] bjhlh]g[ bfhz;Ls]sij 4 rhjf';fspy; fhz KofpwJ. (8%) g[jd] gj]jhk] ghtfj;Jld; kl]Lk] bjhlh]g[ bfhz;Ls;sij 17 rhjf']fspy; fhz KofpwJ. (34%) g[jd; ,yf;d ghtfk] kw;wk] gj;jhk] ghtfj;Jld; bjhlh]ng ,y]yhjij 3 rhjf';fspy; fhz KofpwJ. (6%) gpd;dpizg]g[ : 2 y; rhjf vz;fs; bjhFj;Jf; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

60% 52% 50% g[jdpd; 1 10 k; ghtfj; bjhlh]g[

40% 34%
rjtPjk; (%)

g[jdpd; 1 k; ghtfj; bjhlh]g[ kl;Lk; g[jdpd; 10 k; ghtfj; bjhlh]g[ kl]Lk; g[jdpd; 1/ 10 k; ghtf bjhlh]gpd;dk;

30%

20%

8% 10%

6%

0% g[jdpd; 1 10 k; ghtfj; bjhlh]g[ g[jdpd; 1 k; ghtfj; bjhlh]g[ kl;Lk; g[jdpd; 10 k; ghtfj; bjhlh]g[ kl]Lk; g[jdpd; 1/ 10 k; ghtf bjhlh]gpd;dk;

94

rhjfh]

re;jpud;

rk;ge;jg;gl]l

tpahghhpah

my;yJ

g[jd;

rk;ge;jg;gl]l tpahghhpah Ma;t[f;F vLj;Jf; bfhz;l 50 tpahghhpfspd; rhjf';fspy;

17 rhjfh]fs; 33 rhjfh]fs; : :

re;jpud; rk;ge;jg;gl]l tpahghhpfs; (34%) g[jd; rk;ge;jg;gl]l tpahghhpfs; (66%)

gpd;dpizg]g[ : 5 xt]bthU gphptpYk] cs;s rhjf']fs; bjhFj;Jf; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

re;jpud; rk;ge;jg;gl]l tpahghhpfs; 17 rhjfh]fs; 34% g[jd; rk;ge;jg;gl]l tpahghhpfs; 33 rhjfh]fs; 66%

17 rhjfh]fs; re;jpud; rk;ge;jg;gl]l tpahghhpfs; 33 rhjfh]fs; g[jd; rk;ge;jg;gl]l tpahghhpfs;

95

96

ve;bje;j tpjpapd; gofspd; go tpahghhpfshfpwhh]fs; tpjp 1 d; go ,yf;dhjpgjp re;jpud;/ g[jd; nfhs;fshf

34 %

mikag] bgw;w tpahghhpfs; - Ma;t[ bra;ag]gl]l

50 rhjf']fspy; 17 rhjf']fs;

tpjp 2 d; go

,yf;dj;jpy;

re;jpud;/

g[jd;

nfhs;

mkh]e;j

14 %

mikg]g[g] bgw;w tpahghhpfs; - Ma;t[ bra;ag]gl]l

50 rhjf']fspy; 7 rhjf';fs;

tpjp 3 d; go

10 k; ghtfj;jpy; re;jpud;/ g[jd; nfhs; mkh]e;j mikg]g[g] bgw;w tpahghupfs; - Ma;t[ bra;ag]gl]l 50 rhjf';fspy; 6 rhjf';fs;

12 %

nkw;fz;;l Kjy; 3 tpjpfspd; go tpahghuk] bra;gth]fs] Md;kh/ ciHg]g[ ,izag] bgw;w g{h]z jpUg]jpa[ld; ,a';Ffpw tpahghhpfs] Mth]. tpjp 4 d; go tpjp 5 d; go re;jpuDk] g[jDk; ,izt[g; bgw;w tpahghhpfs; Ma;t[ bra;ag]gl]l 50 rhjf';fspy; 4 rhjf';fs; 10 k; ghtfhjpgjpa[ld; re;jpud;. g[jd; nfhs;fs; ,izt[ bgw;w tpahghhpfs; - Ma;t[ bra;ag;gl]l 50 rhjf';fspy; 4 rhjf';fs; tpjp 6 d; go 10 k; ghtfhjpgjp epd;w ethk]r mjpgjp re;jpud;/ g[jd; nfhs;fshf mikag] bgw;w tpahghhpfs; Ma;t[ bra;ag;gl]l 50 rhjf';fspy; - 7 rhjf';fs; tpjp 7 d; go 10 k; ghtfhjpgjp ,uhrpapy; re;jpud;/ g[jd; el]rj;jpuj;jpy; mikag; bgw;w tpahghhpfs; Ma;t[ bra;ag;gl]l 50 rhjf';fspy; - 3 rhjf';fs; tpjp 8 d; go ,yf;dhjpgjp re;jpud;/ g[jd; el]rj;jpuj;jpy;
4% 6% 14 % 8% 8%

mikag] bgw;w tpahghhpfs; - Ma;t[ bra;ag]gl]l 50 rhjf';fspy; - 2 rhjf';fs; tpjp 9,10 d; go ve;j tpahghhpfspd; rhjf';fSk] mikag] bgwtpy;iy.
97

tpjpfspd; go tpahghhpfspd; rhjf';fspd; rjtPjk;

40%

35%

34%

30%

tpjp 1 tpjp 2

25%
rjtPjk] (%)

tpjp 3 tpjp 4

20%

tpjp 5
15% 14% 12% 10% 8% 8% 6% 5% 4% 0% 0% 0% 14%

tpjp 6 tpjp 7 tpjp 8 tpjp 9 tpjp 10

tpjp 1

tpjp 2

tpjp 3

tpjp 4

tpjp 5

tpjp 6

tpjp 7

tpjp 8

tpjp 9

tpjp 10

tpjpfs; 1 - 10

98

re;jpuDf;Fk;/ g[jDf;Fk; ,ilna cs;s bjhlh]g[fs;

Ma;t[ bra;j 50 tpahghhpfspd; rhjf';fspy; re;jpuDf;Fk;/ g[jDf;Fk; ,ilna bjhlh]g[ cs;sij 50 rhjf';fspYk] mjhtJ 100 % tpGf;fhL rhjf';fspYk] fhz KofpwJ. gpd;dpizg]g[ : 3 y; rhjfvz;fs; bjhFj;Jf; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

100% 100% 90% 80% 70%

rjtPjk; (%)

60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

re;jpuDf;Fk]/ g[jDf;Fk; cs;s bjhlh]g[

re;jpuDf;Fk]/ 1 g[jDf;Fk; cs;s bjhlh]g[

99

ve;j ,yf;dj;jpy; gpwe;jth] mjpfkhf tpahghhpahf cs;sdh] Ma;t[f;F cl]gLj;jpa 50 tpahghhpfspd; rhjf';fspy; guyhf vy]yh fd;dp/ ,yf;dj;jpYk] jDR tpahghhpfs; cs;sdh]. mjid fPnH bfhLf;fg]gl]Ls;s tiuglk; \yk] mwpayhk]. ,jpy; ,hplgk]/ kpJdk]/ ,yf]dhjpgjpahff; bfhz]lth]fns mjpfkhf tpahghhpfshf cs;sdh].

16%
14%

14%
12% 12% 12% 12%

12%
10%

nkrk; ,hplgk; kpJdk; flfk;

10%

8%
6% 6%

rpk]kk; fd;dp

6%
4% 4% 4% 4%

Jyhk] tpUr]rpfk;

4%

jDR kfuk]

2%

Fk;gk] kPdk]

0%
; fk ; ] ] rk ]kk dk jD ;gk Fk hk uk ;dp fd ,h kp J r pk Jy nk fl Ur kf kP d ]rpf p lg k] ; k; k; ; ] R

100

tp

re;jpud; epd;w ,uhrpfspd; go tpahghhpfspd; rhjf';fs;

,uhrpfs; nkrk; ,hplgk; kpJdk; flfk; rpk]kk; fd;dp Jyhk] tpUr]rpfk; jDR kfuk] Fk;gk] kPdk] bkhj;jk;
16%
14% 14%

50 tpahghhpfspd; rhjf';fs;
7 7 3 3 5 5 3 4 4 4 3 2 50

rhjfh]fspd; tpGf;fhL (%)

14 % 14 % 6% 6% 10 % 10 % 6% 8% 8% 8% 6% 4% 100 %

14% nkrk; ,hplgk;

10% 10%

12%

10%
8% 8% 8%

kpJdk; flfk;

8%
6% 6% 6% 6%

rpk]kk; fd;dp

6%
4%

Jyhk] tpUr]rpfk;

4%

jDR kfuk]

2%

Fk;gk] kPdk]

0%
; fk k] k;g F ; ] k; rk ]kk hk jD uk ;d Jd fd ,h r pk Jy nk fl Ur kp kf kP d ]rpf p lg k] k; k; ; p ] R

101

tp

re;jpud; epd;w el]rj;jpu';fspd; go tpahghhpfspd; el]rj;jpu';fs; N re; br g[ FU Rf; rdp uh fhh]j;jpif/ cj]jpuk]/ cj]jpuhlk] nuhfpzp/ m!;jk]/ jpUnthzk] kpUfrPhplk]/ rpj;jpiu/ mtpl]lk] Mapy;ak;/ nfl]il/ nutjp g[dh]g{rk]/ tprhfk]/ g{ul]lhjp guzp/ g{uk;/ g{uhlk] g{rk]/ mDrk]/ cj;jpul]lhjp jpUthjpiu/ Rthjp/ rjak] 7 8 7 4 0 6 5 5 8 14 % 16 % 14 % 8% 0% 12 % 10 % 10 % 16 %

nfJ m!;tpdp/ kfk]/ \yk]

16%

16%

16% 14%

14%

14% 12%

12%
10%
rjtPjk; (%)

10%

10%
8%

8%

6%

4%

N (fhh]/ cj]/ cj]jpuhlk] re; (nuh/ m!;/ jpUnth) br (kpU/ rpj;/ mtp) g[ (Map/nfl]/nut) FU(g[dh]/ tprh/g{ul]) Rf; (gu/ g[uk]/g{uhl) rdp (g{r/mD/cj;jp) uh (jpU/Rth/rja) nfJ (m!;/kf/\y)
0%

2%

0%

(f

hh

]/ c

j]/

hl ]jpu

k] ;/

re

; (n

uh

! /m

n j pU b

th

) /r

k r(

pU

m pj;/ g

tp ) ap / n

]/n fl

ut

) t

[ (M

FU

(g[d

h]/

/g prh

{u l u/

]) g[u

{u k]/g

hl

) D /c

j;j

p) /R

g f; (

rd

{r p (g

/m

j h(

pU

/r th fJ

ja

(m

/\ ;/kf

y)

102

103

Kot[iu
50 kspifg]bghUs; tpahghhpfspd; rhjf';fis Ma;t[f;F cl]gLj]jpajpy; fz;lwpe;jit :
re;jpud; ,yf;dk] kw;Wk; 10 k; ghtf';fSld; bjhlh]g[ bfhs;tij
96% rhjf';fspYk;/ g[jd; ,yf;dk] kw;Wk] 10 k; ghtf';fSld;

bjhlh]g[ KofpwJ.

bfhs;tij

94%

rhf';fspYk;

re;jpuDk;/

g[jDk;/

j';fSf;Fs; bjhlh]g[ bfhz;Ls;sij 100% rhjf';fspYk; fhz

re;jpuDk;/ g[jDk; j';fSf;Fs; bjhlh]g[ bfhz;Ls;sij 100% rhjf';fspYk; fhz KofpwJ.

tpjp

vz;

1/2/3

d;

go

tpahghuk]

mike;Js;sij

60%

rhjf';fspYk;/ tpjp vz; 1/2/3/6 d; go kl]Lk; 74% rhjf';fspYk; fhz KofpwJ. tpjp vz; 6 d; go 10 k; ghtfhjpgjp epd;w re;jpud;/ g[jd; ethk;r';fspy; cs;sth]fs; 14% ngh] / tpjp vz; 1/2/3 vd;w Kjy; ju tpahghhpfshtjw;F jd;id jahh] gLj;jpf; bfhs;fpwhh]fs; vd;gija[k; fhz KofpwJ. re;jpud; rk;ge;jg;gl]l tpahghhpfis 34% rhjf';fspYk;/ g[jd; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tpahghhpfis 66% rhjf';fspYk; fhz KofpwJ. vy;yh ,yf;dj;jpYk; tpahghhpfs; gutyhf ,Ug]gpDk;/ ,hplgk]/ kpJdk]/ fd;dp/ jDR/ Fk;gk; ,yf;df;fhuh]fs] kl]Lk] 62% tpahghhpfs; ,Ug]gija[k] fhz KofpwJ.

104

nkYk] ,e;j Ma;tpy;/ re;jpud; Vnjh xU tifapy; g[jDld; rk;ge;jg;gLk; nghJ kl]Lnk/ kspifg] bghUs; tpahghhpfshfpwhh]fs]. Mf g[jdpd; jhf;fk] xU tpahghhpahf cUthf;FfpwJ. re;jpudpd; jhf;fk; mjd; fhufj;Jtk] cs;s kspifg] bghUl]fs] mth]fspd; tpahghug] bghUl]fshf Mf;FfpwJ. ,ij nkw;go re;jpud; (m) g[jd; rk;ge;jg]gl]l tpahghhpah ? Ma;tpd; go fhzKofpwJ.

kspifg] bghUs] tpahghhpfSf;F mog]gilahf tpahghu Vw;w jhH;t[ epiyfspy; jsuhj kd cWjpa[k;/ bry;tk; nrh]f;Fk; nguhtYk;/ thof;ifhsh]fspd; kdk; czh]e;J mth]fis fth]e]J rkhspj;J/ jpUg]jpf; bfhs;sr; bra;af; Toa ngr]R rhJh]aKk] kpf kpf mtrpak]. ,jd;go nkw;fz;l Ma;tpd; jiyikaplk; gpoj;j ,hplg ,yf;df;fhuh]fs; rpwe;j kspifg] bghUs; tpahghhpfshf kpsph]fpwhh]fs;. ,ij re;jpud; epd;w ,uhrpfspd;go tpahghhpfspy;/ ,hplg ,uhrpf;fhuh]fs; 14%/ re;jpudpd; el]rj;jpuhjpgjpfs; ,Ug]gjpd; \yk] czu KofpwJ.
16%

105

106

Jiz E}y;gl]oay;
1. cj;ufhykph]jk; nrhjpltpay; ,s';fiy ,uz;lhkhz;L jhs; - 3 bjhiy epiyf; fy;tp ,af;ffk; rh!;jpuh epfh]epiyg; gy;fiyf; fHfk]/ j";rht{h] nguhrphpah] Dr. T. tpkyd; 2. cj]ufhykph]jk] - \yKk] ciua[k] nrhjpl tpj;thd; vk;. v!;. rjhrptk] ,e;J gg]spnf#d;!;/ brd;id 17. 3. etPd fhy nrhjpl tsh]r;rp nrhjpltpay; ,s';fiy \d;whkhz;L jhs; - 3 bjhiy epiyf; fy;tp ,af;ffk; rh!;jpuh epfh]epiyg; gy;fiyf; fHfk]/ j";rht{h] nguhrphpah] Dr. T. tpkyd; 4. thy;kPfp ,uhkazj;;jpy; nrhjpltpaypd; nfhl]ghLfs;- Xh] Ma;t[ nguhrphpah] Dr. T. tpkyd; Rg]g[yl]Rkp gjpg]gfk]/ j"]rht{h]

5. K.P. Krishmans Profession Basic On KP

K. Rg]ukzpak]/ Krishman & Co/ brd;id 2.

6. nkw;fj;jpa nrhjplk; nguhrphpah] Dr. T. tpkyd; Ph.D., fw;gfk; gy;fiyf; fHfk]/ nfhaKj]J}h] 21. gjpg]ghz;L 2010

7. mog]gil nrhjpltpay;
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nrhjpltpay; ,s';fiy Kjyhk] Mz;L jhs; 2 nguhrphpah] Dr. T. tpkyd; rh!;jpuh epfh]epiyg; gy;fiyf; fHfk]/ j";rht{h] 8. rhuhtsp nrhjpltpay; ,s';fiy ,uz;lhk] Mz;L jhs; 1 nguhrphpah] Dr. T. tpkyd; rh!;jpuh epfh]epiyg; gy;fiyf; fHfk]/ j";rht{h]
9. www. wikipedia.com / mercury www. wikipedia.com / moon

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109

,ay; 7

gpd;dpizg]g[ - 1

re]jpud; 1/10 k; ghtfj; bjhlh]g[s]s rhjf';fs; : v.fh.rh. 02, 04, 05, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 39, 42, 43, 47, 49, 50 bkhj]jk] : 26 rhjf';fs;

re]jpud; ,yf;dj; bjhlh]g[ kl]Lk] cs;s rhjf';fs; : v.fh.rh. 03, 08, 09, 18, 19, 20, 21, 38, 41, 45, 46 bkhj]jk] : 11 rhjf';fs;

re]jpud; 10k; ghtfj; bjhlh]g[ kl]Lk] cs]s rhjf';fs; : v.fh.rh. 06, 10, 22, 23, 24, 26, 31, 37, 40, 44, 48 bkhj]jk] : 11 rhjf';fs;

re]jpud; 1/10k; ghtfj; bjhlh]gpd;ik cs;s rhjf';fs; : v.fh.rh. 01, 07 bkhj]jk] : 2 rhjf';fs;

110

gpd;dpizg]g[ - 2

g[jd; 1/10k; ghtfj; bjhlh]g[s]s rhjf';fs; : v.fh.rh. 04, 08, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 40, 43, 44, 48, 49, 50 bkhj]jk] : 26 rhjf';fs;

g[jd; ,yf;dghtfj;Jld; kl]Lk] bjhlh]g[s;s rhjf';fs; : v.fh.rh. 05, 12, 13, 31 bkhj]jk] : 4 rhjf';fs;

g[jd; 10k; ghtfj;Jld; kl]Lk] bjhlh]g[s;s rhjf';fs; : v.fh.rh. 02, 06, 09, 17, 19, 20, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47 bkhj]jk] : 17 rhjf';fs;

g[jd; 1/10k; ghtfj; bjhlh]gpd;ik rhjf';fs; : v.fh.rh. 01, 03, 07 bkhj]jk] : 3 rhjf';fs;

111

gpd;dpizg]g[ - 3

re;jpuDf;Fk]/ g[jDf;Fk] ,ilna bjhlh]g[s]s rhjf';fs; : v.fh.rh. 01 Kjy; 50 tiu

gpd;dpizg]g[ - 4

rhjfUf;F tpahghuk] bra;a mike;j tpjpfspy; xt;bthU tpjpapd; fPH] rhjf vz;fspd; bjhFg]g[: tpjp
01

rhjf';fs;
11,12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29

bkhj;jk]
17

02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

08, 31, 32, 33, 38, 41, 45 02, 04, 23, 30, 37, 46 01, 03, 07, 10 06, 34, 35, 40 09, 22, 39, 42, 44, 48, 50 36, 47, 49 05, 43 -----

17 6 4 4 7 3 2 0 0 50

112

gpd;dpizg]g[ - 5

re;jpud; rk;ge;jg]gl]l tpahghhpfs; gphptpy; cs;s rhjf vz;fspd; bjhFg]g[ : v.fh.rh. 08, 10, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 30, 32, 38, 40, 41, 44, 45, 48, 50 bkhj]jk] : 17 rhjf';fs;

g[jd; rk;ge;jg]gl]l tpahghhpfs; gphptpy; cs;s rhjf vz;fspd; bjhFg]g[ : v.fh.rh. 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 09, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 42, 43, 46, 47, 49 bkhj]jk] : 33 rhjf';fs;

113

gpd;dpizg]g[ - 6

rhjfUf;F tpahghuk] bra;a mike;j tpjpfspy; xt;bthU tpjpapd; fPH] rhjf vz;fspd; bjhFg]g[: tpjp nkrk] ,hplgk] kpJdk] flfk ] rpk]kk] fd;dp Jyhk] tpUr]rpfk] jDR kfuk] Fk;gk] kPdk] rhjf';fs;
01, 02, 03 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 22, 23 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 30, 31 32, 33 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 40, 41 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 48, 49, 50

bkhj;jk]
3 7 6 5 2 6 2 2 6 2 6 3 50

114