18 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[

12. 
jhtu=;fspd; ,sk; gUtj;jpw;fhd brhw;fisa[k; mjw;Fupa jhtu=;fspd; bgau;fisa[k;
vGJ.
ŒŒ ehw;W ? bey;/ fj;jpupapd; ,sepiy
ŒŒ fd;W ? kh/ g[sp/ thiHapd; ,sepiy
ŒŒ FUj;J ? thiHapd; ,sepiy
ŒŒ gps;is ? bjd;idapd; ,sepiy
ŒŒ Fl;o ? tpshtpd; ,sepiy
ŒŒ klyp (m) tlyp ? gidapd; ,sepiy
ŒŒ ig=;TH; ? bey;/ nrhsj;jpd; ,sepiy
13. jkpH;r; brhy; tsk; Fwpj;J fhy;Lbty; Fwpg;gpLk; fUj;ij vGJf.
ŒŒ jkpHy;yhj jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; mfuhjpfis Muha[k;nghJ/ jkpHpYs;s xUbghUl;
gybrhy; tupirfs; mtw;wpy; ,y;yhf;Fiw ve;jj; jkpHwp+u;f;Fk; kpfj; bjspthfj;
njhd;Wk;.
ŒŒ jkpHpy; kl;Lk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Lj; jkpGf;nf rpwg;ghf cupadthff; fUjg;gLk; brhw;fs;
kl;Lkd;wpj; bjY=;F/ fd;dlk; Kjypa gpw jpuhtpl bkhHpfSf;Fupadthff; fUjg;gLk;
brhw;fSk; jkpHpy;cs vd;fpwhu; fhy;Lbty;.
14. vtw;iw mikj;Jf;bfhs;tJ/ rpwe;j kjpEl;gKk; gz;ghLk; cila kf;fl;nf ,aYk;>
ŒŒ jpUe;jpa kf;fis kw;w capupdpd;Wk; gpupj;Jf; fhl;LtJ bkhHpahjypd;/ mJnt xU
ehl;lhupd; my;yJ ,dj;jhupd; ehfupfj;ij mse;jwptjw;Fk; rpwe;j tHpahFk;.
ŒŒ bghUisf; Tu;e;J nehf;fp Ez;ghFghL bra;J mtw;wpw;nfw;gg; gUg;bghUl; brhw;fSk;/
Ez;bghUl;brhw;fSk; mikj;Jf;bfhs;tJ/ rpwe;j kjpEl;gKk; gz;ghLk; cila
kf;fl;nf ,aYk;.
15. gH=;fhyj;jpy; tpise;j mst[ ,f;fhyj;jpy; tpisahjit vit> tpise;J tUgit vit>
gH=;fhyj;jpy; tpise;j mst[ bghd;Dk; kzpa[k; Kj;Jk; gtsKk; ,d;W tpisahtpoDk;
,ay; 1

mUikahd Ty=;fSk; rpWTy=;fSk; ,d;Wk; bjd;wkpH; ehl;oy; tpise;J tUfpd;wd.

beLtpdh

1. 
jkpH;/ brhy; tsKilabjd;Wk; jkpH;ehL bghUs; tsKilabjd;Wk; bjspthf
tps=;Ftjw;fhd fhuz=;fs; rpytw;iwj; bjhFj;bjGJf.
Fwpg;g[r; rl;lk;
Kd;Diu
jhtu=;fspd; mog;gFjpg; bgau;
mog;gFjpgpupt[ bgau;
jhtu ,iyg; bgau;
jhtu=;fspd; gp+;Rtifg; bgau;
jhtu=;fspd; Fiyg; bgau;
bfl;Lg;nghd fha;/ fdpg;bgau;
Kot[iu

www.tnpscjob.com
 Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 19

Kd;Diu:
jkpH;/ brhy; tsKilaJ/ jkpH;ehL bghUs; tsKilaJ vd;gijg; ghthzu;/
brhy;yha;t[f; fl;Liufs; vd;w E}ypy;/ `jkpH;r; brhy;tsk;~ vd;Dk; fl;Liuapy;
vLj;Jiuf;fpwhu;.
jhtu=;fspd; mog;gFjpg; bgau;:
ŒŒ jhs; ? bey;/ nfH;tuF Kjypatw;wpd; mo
ŒŒ jz;L ? fPiu/ thiHapd; mo
ŒŒ nfhy; ? bel;o/ kpsfha;r; broapd; mo
ŒŒ J}W ? Fj;Jr;bro/ g[ju; Kjypatw;wpd; mo
ŒŒ jl;L (m) jl;il ? fk;g[/ nrhsk; Kjypatw;wpd; mo
ŒŒ fHp ? fUk;gpd; mo
ŒŒ fiH ? @=;fpypd; mo
ŒŒ mo ? g[sp/ ntk;g[tpd; mo
mog;gFjpgpupt[ bgau;:
ŒŒ fit ? kuj;jpdpd;W gpupa[k; khbgUk; fpis
ŒŒ bfhk;g[ (m) bfhg;g[ ? fitapd; gpupt[
ŒŒ fpis ? bfhk;gpd; gpupt[
ŒŒ rpid ? fpisapd; gpupt[
ŒŒ nghj;J ? rpidapd; gpupt[
ŒŒ Fr;rp ? nghj;jpd; gpupt[
ŒŒ ,Qf;F ? Fr;rpapd; gpupt[
jhtu ,iyg; bgau;:
ŒŒ g[sp/ ntk;g[ ? ,iy
ŒŒ bjd;id/ gid ? Xiy
ŒŒ bey;/ g[y; ? jhs;

,ay; 1
ŒŒ fha;ej; ,iy ? rUF
ŒŒ nrhsk;/ fUk;g[ ? njhif
jhtu=;fspd; gp+;Rtifg; bgau;:
(g{k;gp+;R ?g{nthL Toa ,sk;gp+;R/ gp+;R ?,sk;fha;)
ŒŒ tL ? khk;gp+;R  ,sePu; ? Kw;whj nj=;fha;
ŒŒ @R ? gyhg;gp+;R  EHha; ? ,sk;ghf;F
ŒŒ ft;it ? vs; gp+;R  fUf;fy; ? ,sbey;
ŒŒ FUk;ig ? bjd;id/ gid gp+;R  fr;ry; ? thiHg;gp+;R
jhtu=;fspd; Fiyg; bgau;:
ŒŒ bfhj;J ? mtiu/ Jtiu  fjpu; ? nfH;tuF/ nrhsf; fjpu;
ŒŒ Fiy ? bfho Ke;jpup  myF (m) Fuy; ? bey;/ jpidf; fjpu;
ŒŒ jhW ? thiHf;Fiy  rPg;g[ ? thiHj; jhw;wpd; gFjp
bfl;Lg;nghd fha;/ fdpg;bgau;:
ŒŒ Nk;gy; ? Edpapy; RU=;fpa fha;
ŒŒ rptpay; ? RU=;fpa gHk;

www.tnpscjob.com
 20 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[

ŒŒ brhj;ij ? g[Gg{r;rp mupj;j fha; (m) fdp

ŒŒ btk;gy; ? Nl;odhy; gGj;j gp+;R
ŒŒ mspay; ? FSFSj;j gHk;
ŒŒ mGfy; ? FSFSj;J ehwpa gHk; (m) fha;
ŒŒ brhz;L ? gjwha;g; nghd kpsfha;
ŒŒ nfhlhd;fha; (m) Tiff;fha; ? nfhl;lhd; mku;e;jjpdhy; bfl;l fha;
ŒŒ njiuf;fha; ? njiu mku;e;jjpdhy; bfl;lfha;
ŒŒ my;ypf;fha; ? njiu mkhe;jjpdhy; bfl;l nj=;fha;
ŒŒ xy;ypf;fha; bjd;idapy; bfl;l fha;
Kot[iu:
nkw;Fwpj;j bgau;fs; @yk;/ jkpHpd; brhy;tsj;ija[k; jkpH;ehl;od; bghUs;
tsj;ija[k; ed;F mwpa Kofpd;wJ.

fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 8

1. gpd;tUk; epytiffspd; bgau;fSf;fhd fhuz=;fisf; nfl;lwpe;J tFg;giwapy; gfpu;f.

jupR/ rpty;/ fupry;/ Kuk;g[/ g[wk;nghf;F/ Rty;/ mty;.
jupR epyk; : gapu; bra;ahj epyk;
rpty; epyk; : bre;epyk; my;yJ rpte;j epyk;
fupry; epyk; : fupa epwKila kz; bfhz;l epyk; fupry; epyk; (m) fupe;j ghiy epyk;
Kuk;g[ epyk; : gUf;iff; fw;fs; bfhz;l nkl;L epyk;
g[wk;nghf;F epyk; : Cu;g;g[wj;nj Fofs; thH;jypy;yhj epyk;
Rty; epyk; : nkl;L epyk;
mty; epyk; : `mty;~ vd;gjd; bghUs; `gs;sk;~. Mfnt gs;skhd epyg;gFjp mty;
vd miHf;fg;gLfpwJ. tpis epykhft[k; mikfpwJ.
,ay; 1

2. xU bghUs; jUk; gy brhw;fisg; gl;oaypLf.

v.fh: brhy;Yjy; ? ngRjy;/ tpsk;g[jy;/ brg;g[jy;/ ciuj;jy;/ Twy;/ ,ak;gy;/ bkhHpjy;
m) kyu;jy; ? mtpH;jy;/ myu;jy;/ befpH;jy;/ tps;sy;/ tpupjy;.
M) +hapW ? Nupad;/ fjputd;/ bta;nahd;/ gfytd;/ gupjp.
,) murd; ? nfh/ bfhw;wtd;/ nte;jd;/ uh$h/ nfhd;.
<) mHF ? mzp/ tot[/ bghypt[/ vHpy;.
c) mo ? fHy;/ fhy;/ jhs;/ gjk;/ ghjk;.
C) jP ? mf;fpdp/ beUg;g[/ jHy;.
v) mr;rk; ? gak;/ gPjp/ cl;F.
V) Jd;gk; ? ,d;dy;/ my;yy;/ ,Lk;ig
I) md;g[ ? fUiz/ nerk;/ <uk;/ gupt[/ gw;W.
x) bra;a[s; ? gh/ ftpij/ ahg;g[.
X) bgz; ? e=;if/ tdpij/ k=;if.
xs) tay; ? fHdp/ gHdk;/ bra;.



www.tnpscjob.com
 Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 21

,ay; bkhHp ftpijg; ngiH

,ul;Lw bkhHpjy;
1 re;jf;ftpkzp jkpHHfdhu;

ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjupf

1. `bkj;j tzpfyd;~ vd;Dk; bjhlupy; jkpHHfdhu; Fwpg;gpLtJ

m) tzpff; fg;gy;fSk; Ik;bgUk; fhg;gpa=;fSk;
M) bgUk; tzpfKk; bgUk; fyd;fSk;
,) Ik;bgUk; fhg;gpa=;fSk; mzpfyd;fSk;
<) tzpff; fg;gy;fSk; mzpfyd;fSk;
 [tpil: m) tzpff; fg;gy;fSk; Ik;bgUk; fhg;gpa=;fSk;]
FWtpdh
1. jw;fhy ciueilapy; rpnyil mika[k; eaj;jpw;F Xu; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lj; jUf.
xU brhy;nyh/ brhw;bwhlnuh ,UbghUs;gl tUtJ ,ul;Lw bkhHpjy; mzp vd;gu;. ,jid
rpnyil mzp vd;Wk; miHg;gu;.
v.fh: rPdpthrd; ghw;flypy; Japy;bfhs;fpwhd;.
?,j;bjhlu; vt;tpj khw;wKkpd;wp ,uz;L tpjkhd bghUisj; jUfpwJ.
ŒŒ rPdpapy; (ru;f;fiu) thrk; bra;a[k; vWk;g[ ghypy; ,we;J kpjf;fpwJ.
ŒŒ rPdpthrfdhfpa jpUkhy; ghw;flypy; Japy;bfhs;fpwhu;.

,ay; 1
rpWtpdh
1. jkpHHfdhu; jkpiHa[k; fliya[k; ,ul;LwbkhHpa[k; gh=;fpid tpsf;Ff.
ghly; mofs; jkpH; fly;
Kj;jkpH; Ja;g;gjhy; ,ay;/ ,ir/ ehlfk; Mfpa Kj;jpid mkpH;e;J jUfpwJ.
Kj;jkpHha; tsu;e;jJ.
Kr;r=;fk; fz;ljhy; Kjy;/ ,il/ fil Mfpa btz;r=;F/ ry+;ryk;/
Kr;r=;f=;fshy; tsu;f;fg;gl;lJ. gh+;rrd;ak; Mfpa @d;W
tifahd r=;Ffisj; jUfpwJ.
bkj;j tzpfyKk; Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpa=;fs; kpFjpahd tzpff; fg;gy;fs;
nktjhy; mzpfydha;g; bgw;wJ. te;J brd;wJ.
(bkj;j mzpfyd;)
epj;jk; miz r=;fg;gyifapy; mku;e;J jd; miyahy; r=;fpidj; jLj;J
fple;nj r=;fj;jtu; r=;fg;g[ytu;fs; ghJfhj;jdu;. epWj;jpf; fhj;jJ.
fhf;f

www.tnpscjob.com
 40 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[

tpidKw;iw tpidahyiza[k; bgauhf khw;wpj; bjhlu;fis ,izj;J vGJf.

1. fiyau=;fj;jpy; vdf;fhff; fhj;jpUf;fpwhu;. mtiu miHj;J thU=;fs;.
v.fh: fiyau=;fj;jpy; vdf;fhff; fhj;jpUf;fpwtiu miHj;J thU=;fs;.
2. Cl;lkpF czt[ cz;lhu;. mtu; ePz;l thH;ehs; bgw;whu;.
Cl;lkpF czt[ cz;ltu; ePz;l thH;ehs; bgw;whu;.
3. new;W vd;idr; re;jpj;jhu;. mtu; vd; ez;gu;.
new;W vd;idr; re;jpj;jtu; vd; ez;gu;.
4. bghJ mwpt[ E}y;fisj; njog; goj;jhu;. nghl;oj; nju;tpy; btd;whu;.
bghJ mwpt[ E}y;fisj; njog; goj;jtu; nghl;oj; nju;tpy; btd;whu;.

bjhlu;fspy; cs;s tz;zr; brhw;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf mnj bghUSila ntW brhw;fisg;

gad;gLj;jp bjhlu;fis kPs vGJf.
1. cyfpy; thGk; kf;fspy; rpyu; fdpapUf;ff; fha; g[rpj;jiyg;nghy/ ,d;brhy; ,Uf;f td;brhy;
ngrp ,d;dw;gLfpd;wdu;.
g[tpapy; thGk; khDlu;fs; rpyu; gHkpUf;ff; fha; cz;gijg;nghy ,d;brhy; ,Uf;f td;brhy;
ngrp Jd;gg;gLfpd;wdu;.
2. ts;sy; Fkzd; tWikahy; thote;j g[ytDf;Fj; jdJ jiyiaf; bfhLj;J k=;fhg; g[fH;
bgw;whd;.
ts;sy; Fkzd; Jd;gj;jhy; thote;j mwp+u;fSf;Fj;; jdJ jiyia <e;J k=;fhg; bgUik
bgw;whd;.
3. esDk; mtdJ Jiztpa[k; epljehl;Lf;F te;jijf; fz;L/ me;ehl;L kf;fs; kiHKfpy;
fz;l k+;i+ nghyf; fsp bfhz;ldu;.
esDk; mtdJ kidtpa[k; epljehl;Lf;F te;jijf; fz;L/ me;ehl;L kf;fs; kiHnkfk;
,ay; 1

fz;l kapiyg; nghy kfpH;r;rp bfhz;ldu;.

4. nrhiyapw; g{j;j kzkyu;fspy; RUk;g[fs; bkha;j;Jg; gz;gho kJt[z;ld.
ee;jtdj;jpy; g{j;j kzkyu;fspy; tz;Lfs; bkha;j;Jg; gz;gho njid cz;ld.
5. gRg;nghy; rhe;jKk; g[ypnghy; jPuKk; ahid nghy ciHg;g[k; kdpjDf;F ntz;Lk;.
Mg;nghy; mikjpa[k; nt=;if nghy; tPuKk; fspW nghy ciHg;g[k; kdpjDf;F ntz;Lk;.
fl;Liu vGJf.
Fkupf; fly;Kidiaa[k; nt=;fl kiyKfl;ila[k; vy;iyahff; bfhz;l bjd;dtu;
jpUehl;ow;Fg; g[fH; njoj;je;j bgUik/ jifrhy; jkpHd;idiar; rhUk;. vHpy;nru; fd;dpaha;
vd;Wk; jpfGk; mt;td;idf;F/ gps;isj; jkpH; ngrp/ rjfk; rikj;J/ guzp gho/ fyk;gfk;
fz;L/ cyhte;J/ me;jhjp Twp/ nfhit ahj;J/ mzpahfg; g{l;o mHTl;o mfk;kpf kfpH;e;jdu;
bre;ehg; g[ytu;fs;.

www.tnpscjob.com
 Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 41

,f;fUj;ijf; fUthff; bfhz;L `rhd;nwhu; tsu;j;j jkpH;~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu vGJf.
jiyg;g[ : rhd;nwhu; tsu;j;j jkpH;
Fwpg;g[r; rl;lk;
Kd;Diu
r=;fj;jkpH;
mwj;jkpH;
fhg;gpaj;jkpH;
rpw;wpyf;fpak;
rkaj;jkpH;
Kot[iu

Kd;Diu:
``brhy;ypy; cau;t[ jkpH;r;brhy;ny ?mijj;
bjhGJ goj;jplo ghg;gh~~
?ghujpahu;
cyfpy; kdpj ,dk; vd;W njhd;wpanjh/ md;nw jkpH; bkhHpa[k; njhd;wpaJ. md;W Kjy;
,d;W tiu jkpH;bkhHp ,sikahfnt ,Ue;JtUfpd;wJ. xt;bthU fhyf;fl;lj;jpYk;
thH;e;j rhd;nwhu;fshy; jkpH; rpwg;g[w;W epw;fpd;wJ.
r=;fj;jkpH;:
`jkpH;~ vd;w brhy; bjhy;fhg;gpag; ghapuj;jpy; ,lk;bgWfpd;wJ. fpgp. 2 Mk; E}w;whz;ow;F
Kd; njhd;wpa ,yf;fpa=;fs; r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fs; MFk;. mitna r=;fj;jkpH; jUk; fs+;rpak;
MFk;. fgpyu;/ guzu;/ xsitahu;/ ef;fPuu;/ ey;ye;Jtdhu; Kjypa vz;zw;wj; jkpH;r;
rhd;nwhu;fshy; ghl;Lk; bjhifa[k; cUthf;fg;gl;L r=;fj;jkpH; tsu;f;fg;gl;lJ.
mwj;jkpH;:
r=;ffhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd; njhd;wpa fhyj;jpy; bgha;a[k; Fw;wKk; njhd;w Muk;gpj;jJ. mjidg;
nghf;f jpUts;Stu;/ rkz Kdptu;fs;/ tpsk;gpehfdhu;/ fgpyu;/ fzpnkjhtpahu; Mfpa gy

,ay; 1
rhd;nwhu; bgUkf;fs; mwE}y;fisg; gilj;J/ mwj;jkpiH tsu;j;jdu;.
fhg;gpaj;jkpH;:
Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpa=;fSk;/ I+;rpWfhg;gpa=;fSk; fhg;gpaj; jkpiH tsu;j;jd. ,s=;nfhtofs;/
rPj;jiyr;rhj;jdhu;/ jpUj;jf;fj;njtu; Mfpa rhd;nwhu;fs; fhg;gpaj; jkpiHj; jiHf;fr; bra;jdu;.
rpw;wpyf;fpak;:
(guzp/ rjfk;/ gps;isj;jkpH;)
rpw;wpyf;fpa=;fs; 96 tifg;gLk;. mit tHp rpw;wpyf;fpa tiffs; bgUfp rpw;wpyf;fpaj;
jkpiH tsu;j;jdu;. xUtiuf; FHe;ijahfg; ghtpj;J/ 10 gUt=;fspy; tshr;rp epiyiag;
ghLtJ gps;isj;jkpH; MFk;. xl;lf;Tj;ju;/ FkuFUguu; Mfpnahu; gps;isj;jkpH; gho
tsu;j;jdu;. rjfk; (100) ghly;fisf; bfhz;lJ rjfk;. Mj;kehj njrpfu;/ fhu;nkff; ftp+u;
Mfpnahu; rjfk; ghodhu;. xl;lf;Tj;ju;/ bra=;bfhz;lhu; guzp ,yf;fpaj;ij tsu;j;jdu;.
rkaj;jkpH;:
irtk;/ itztk;/ fpwpj;jtk;/ ,!;yhk;/ rkzk;/ bgsj;jk; Mfpa rka=;fSk; jkpH; tsu;f;Fk;
gzpapy; <Lgl;L rkaj;jkpiH tsu;j;jdu;. jpUeht[f;furu;/ tPukhKdptu;/ ckWg;g[ytu;
Mfpnahu; rkaj;jkpiH tsu;j;jdu;. ,jw;F gd;dpU jpUKiwfs;/ ehyhapuj;jpt;tpag; gpuge;jk;/
rPwhg;g[uhzk;/ njk;ghtzp rhd;whFk;.

www.tnpscjob.com
 42 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[

Kot[iu:
fhye;njhWk; jkpH;/ jd;id tsu;g;gtu;fshy; jd;idg; g[Jg;gpj;Jf; bfhz;L tsu;e;Jk;
rpwe;Jk; tUfpd;wJ vd;gij ,yf;fpa tuyhWfs; ekf;F czu;j;Jfpd;wd.
``jkpGauj; jkpHd; cau;thd;
jkpHauj; jkpHd; mau;thd;~~
?ghthzu;
eak; ghuhl;Lf.
njdpDk; ,dpaew; bre;jkpH; bkhHpna
bjd;dhL tps=;Fwj; jpfGe;bjd; bkhHpna
CdpDk; xspu;t[Wk; xz;lkpH; bkhHpna
czu;tpDf; Fzu;tjha; xspu;jkpH; bkhHpna
thdpDk; X=;fpa tz;lkpH; bkhHpna
khe;jUf; fpUfzh ta=;Fed; bkhHpna
jhddp rpwg;g[We; jdpj;jkpH; bkhHpna
jiHj;jpdp njh=;Ftha; jz;lkpH; bkhHpna ? fh. ekr;rpthau;
jpuz;l fUj;J:
`thiHf;F mHF FUj;J
bra;a[Sf;F mHF jpuz;l fUj;J~
``njdpDk; ,dpikahd brk;ik bgw;w bkhHp jkpH; bkhHp. bjd;dhl;oy; rpwe;J
tps=;Ffpd;w bkhHp jkpH;bkhHp. xsp tPrp mwpt[k;/ brwpt[k; El;gKk; bfhz;l bkhHp jkpH;bkhHp
czu;nthL czu;thd bkhHp/ thdpDk; cau;e;j tsk;kpf;f bkhHp jkpH;. jiHj;J X=;Ftha;
Fspu;r;rp j=;fpa jkpH; bkhHpna~~ vd jkpH;bkhHpiar; rpwg;gpj;Jf; Twpa[s;shu; f. ekr;rpthau;.
bjhil eak;:
`bjhilaw;w ghl;L
eilaw;Wg; nghFk;~
,ay; 1

bra;a[shdJ vJif/ nkhid/ ,iag[/ Kuz; Kjypatw;why; bjhFf;fg;gLtJ bjhil

vdg;gLk;. ,g;ghlypy; bjhil ea=;fs; rpwg;ghff; ifahsg;gl;Ls;sd.
`nkhid eak;:
`nkhidaw;w ghl;L
nridaw;w ehL~
bra;a[spy; monjhWk; my;yJ rPu;njhWk; Kjyhk; vGj;J xd;wptuj; bjhLg;gJ nkhidj;
bjhil.
xz;lkpH;/ xspu;jkpH;/ xspu;t[Wk;/
jdpj;jkpH;/ jz;lkpH; Mfpa nkhidr; brhw;fs; ghlypy; rpwg;ghf mike;Js;sJ.
vJif eak;:
`tPuj;Jf;F mHF nt=;if
bra;a[Sf;F mHF vJif~
bra;a[spy; monjhWk; my;yJ rPu;njhWk; ,uz;lhk; vGj;J xd;wp tuj; bjhLg;gJ vJifj;
bjhil.
njdpDk;/ CdpDk;/ thdpDk; Mfpa vJifr; brhw;fs; ghlypy; rpwg;ghf mike;Js;sJ.

www.tnpscjob.com
 82 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[

fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 42

tz;zkpl;l bjhifepiyj; bjhlu;fis tifg;gLj;Jf.

1. md;g[r;bry;td; jpwd;ngrpapd; bjhLjpiuapy; goj;Jf;bfhz;oUe;jhu;.
md;g[r;bry;td; – ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif
bjhLjpiu – tpidj;bjhif

2. midtUf;Fk; nkhu;g;ghidiaj; jpwe;J nkhu; bfhLf;ft[k;.

nkhu;g; ghid – 
,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif
nkhu; bfhLf;ft[k; – ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif

3. btz;ilf;fha;g; bghupay; nkhu;f;FHk;gf

[ ;Fg; bghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
btz;ilf;fha;g; – ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif
nkhu;f;FHk;g[ – @d;whk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif

4. j=;f kPd;fs; jz;zPu;j; bjhl;oapy; tpisahLfpd;wd.

j=;fkPd;fs; – ctikj;bjhif
jz;zPu;j; bjhl;oapy; – ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif

bkhHpia Ms;nthk; gf;fk;: 45

jkpHpy; bkhHpbgau;j;Jj; jiyg;gpLf.

The Golden sun gets up early in the morning and starts its bright rays to fade away the dark. The milky
clouds start their wandering. The colourful birds start twitting their morning melodies in percussion. The
cute butterflies dance around the flowers. The flower’s fragrance fills the breeze. The breeze gently blows
everywhere and makes everything pleasant.

,aw;if
,ay; 2

bghd;dhd fjputd; ehs;njhWk; fhiyapy; vGe;J mjd; xspf;fjpu;fis tPrp/ ,Uis

kiwar; bra;a[k;/ ghy; nghd;w nkf=;fs; Rw;w Muk;gpj;JtpLk;. tz;zg; gwitfs; ,jkhd
NH;epiyiaj; jd; ,wFfis mog;gjd; @yk; cUthf;Fk;. mHfhd tz;zj;Jg; g{r;rp
kyu;fisr; Rw;wp MLk;. g{f;fspd; eWkzk; bjd;wy; fhw;iw epug;g[k;. me;jf; fhw;W midj;J
,l=;fspYk; gutp xU g[j;Jzu;thd NH;epiyia cUthf;Fk;.

brhw;fspy; kiwe;Js;s bjhiffis milahsk; fz;L bjhlupy; mikf;f.

,d;brhy;/ vGfjpu;/ fPupghk;g[/ g{=;FHy; te;jhs;/ kiy thH;thu;/ Kj;Jg;gy;
v.fh: ,d;brhy; ? gz;g[j;bjhif
,dpikahd brhy; TWjy; rhd;nwhu;f;F mHF.
1. vGfjpu; ? tpidj;bjhif
kdpj thH;f;if vGfjpu; nghd;wJ.
2. fPupghk;g[ ? ck;ikj;bjhif
fyht[k; khyht[k; fPupa[k; ghk;g[k; nghy vg;bghGJk; gifiknahL thH;fpd;wdu;.
3. g{=;FHy; te;jhs; ? md;bkhHpj;bjhif
g{ nghd;w Te;jiya[ila (FHy;) bgz; te;jhs;

www.tnpscjob.com
 Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 121

bkhHpia Ms;nthk; gf;fk;: 67

bkhHpbgau;f;f.
Respected ladies and gentleman, I am Ilangovan studying tenth standard. I have come here to say a few
words about our Tamil Culture. Sangam literature shows that Tamils were best in culture and civilization about
two thousand years ago. Tamils who have defined grammar for language have also defined grammar for life.
Tamil culture is rooted in the life styles of Tamils throughout India, Srilanka, Malaysia, Singapore, England and
Worldwide. Though our culture is very old, it has been updated consistently. We should proud about our culture.
Thank you one and all.
jkpH;g; gz;ghL
kupahijf;Fupatu;fns- vd; bgau; ,s=;nfhtd;. ehd; gj;jhk; tFg;gpy; gof;fpnwd;. ehd;
jkpH; gz;ghl;ilg; gw;wp rpy thu;j;ijfs; brhy;y te;jpUf;fpnwd;. ,uz;lhapuk; tUlj;jpw;F
Kd; gz;ghl;oYk;/ ehfupfj;jpYk; rpwe;J tps=;fpatu;fs; jkpHu;fs; vd;W r=;f ,yf;fpak;
TWfpwJ. bkhHpf;F ,yf;fzk; tFj;j jkpHnu thH;f;iff;Fk; ,yf;fzk; tFj;jdu;.
jkpHu;fspd; gz;ghL ,e;jpah/ _y=;fh/ ,=;fpyhe;J/ knyrpah/ rp=;fg;g{u; kw;Wk; cyfbk=;Fk;
cs;s jkpHu;fspd; thH;f;ifj; juj;jpy; ntqd;wp cs;sJ. ek; gz;ghL gHikahdjhf
,Ue;jhYk; mJ rPuhd Kiwapy; nkk;gLj;jp cs;sJ. ehk; ek; gz;ghl;ilg; gw;wp bgUkpjk;
bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. midtUf;Fk; ed;wp!
gHbkhHpfis epiwt[ bra;f.
ŒŒ cg;gpy;yhg; gz;lk; Fg;igapny.
ŒŒ xU ghidr; nrhw;Wf;F/ xU nrhW gjk;.
ŒŒ cg;gpl;ltiu cs;sst[k; epid.
ŒŒ tpUe;Jk; kUe;Jk; @d;W ehl;fs;.
ŒŒ mst[f;F kp+;rpdhy; mKjKk; e+;R.
gj;jpiag; goj;Jf; fUj;ijr; RUf;fp vGJ.

,ay; 3
giHanrhW
gr;ir bey; taiyf; fz;fs; KGJk; Rke;J ,sbey;iy Efu;e;J/ mjd; ghiy Urpj;J/
ePuhtpapy; me;j bey; mtpa[k; fjfjg;ghd g[G=;fy; kzk; tiu Ritj;jts; ehd;. mtpj;J/
fha;e;J Fj;jpa me;jg; g[G=;fy; muprpia/ mjd; fLg;g[ kzj;ij nrhwhF Kd; if epiwa
ms;sp thapy; nghl;L beupj;J bkd;wts; brhy;fpnwd;. gfbyy;yhk; cr;rp btapYf;F mJ
Rlr;Rlg; g[G=;fyuprpr; nrhW ,ut[ KGtJk; me;jr; nrhW ePupy; CWk;. tpoe;j ,e;jf; fhiyapy;
mjd; bgau; giHa nrhW my;yJ giHaJ fhj;jpUe;J/ rpd;d bt=;fhak;/ gr;ir kpsfha;
foj;J ePuhfhuk; nghy; Fog;gJ xU tif. thiH ,iyapy; me;jg; giHar; nrhw;iwg; gpHpe;J
nghl;lhy;/ tLkh=;fha; my;yJ cg;g[ ehu;j;j=;fha; mjDld; nru;j;Jf; bfhs;sj; Jog;gJ
,d;bdhU tif. Rz;l itj;j Kjy; ehs; FHk;g[ ,d;Dk; cr;rk;! ey;y giHaJ khk;gHk;
thrk; tPRkhk;. giHa nrhW mJ fpuhkj;J cd;djk;.
``iff;fly; Kj;Jf;F <lha; kpf;f bey;Kj;J~~ ? Kf;Tlw;gs;S
tpil :
bey;iy mtpj;J fhaitj;J vLf;Fk; g[G=;fy; muprpiar; nrhwhf;fp/ mjid ,ubty;yhk;
ePupy; Cw itj;J/ fpilf;Fk; giHa nrhw;Wld; rpd;d bt=;fhak;/ gr;ir kpsfha;/ tLkh=;fha;/
cg;g[ ehuj;j=;fha; kw;Wk; Rz;l itj;j FHk;g[ ,tw;wpy; xd;iwf; Tl;lhf itj;J rhg;gpLtJ
fpuhkj;J cd;djk;.

www.tnpscjob.com
 Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 261

eyptile;Js;sd. nkYk; mjpf tUkhdk; bgWtjw;fhft[k; fy;tpawpt[ bgw;W tUtjhy;

cau; gjtpapy; cs;s ntiyfisj; njo efu=;fSf;F kf;fs; ,lk;bgau;e;J bry;fpd;wdu;.
fUj;J ? 5:
,aw;ifr; NHYk;/ ehfupf tsu;r;rpa[k;/ fhyr; NHYk; vy;yh epiyfspYk; khw;w=;fis
Vw;gLj;jpdhYk; gz;ila kug[ khwhJ thH;fpd;wdu;.

bkhHpia Ms;nthk; gf;fk;: 149

bkhHpbgau;g;g[:
Koothu

 Therukoothu is, as its name indicates, a popular form of theatre performed in the streets. It is
performed by rural artists. The stories are derived from epics like Ramayana, Mahabharatha and other
ancient Puranas. There are more songs in the play with dialogues improvised by the artists on the spot.
Fifteen to twenty actors with a small orchestra forms a koothu troupe. Though the orchestra has a singer,
the artists sing in their own voices. Artists dress themselves with heavy costumes and bright makeup.
Koothu is very popular among rural areas.

jkpHhf;fk; :
Tj;J
bjUf;Tj;J mjd; bgaUf;F Vw;whw;nghy; bjUtpy; elf;Fk; xU kpfr; rpwe;j fiy.
,jpy; fpuhkg;g[w fiy+u;fs; g=;nfw;fpwhu;fs;. ,jd; fijfs; gH=;fhtpakhd ,uhkhazk;/
kfhghujk; kw;Wk; giHa g[uhz=;fspy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jpy; giHa ghly;fis
ciuahlYld; fiy+u;fs; cUthf;Ffpwhu;fs;. gjpide;J Kjy; ,UgJ fiy+u;fs; rpwpa
,irf;FGthf nru;e;jJjhd; bjUf;Tj;J Tl;lk;. ,irf;FGtpy; gy ghly;fs; ,Ue;jnghJk;
fiy+u;fs; j=;fs; Fuypnyna ghLthu;fs;. fiy+u;fs; kpfr; rpwe;j cilay=;fhuKk;
xg;gida[k; bra;jpUg;gu;. fpuhkg; g[w=;fspy; Tj;Jkpft[k; gpugykhdJ.

,ay; 6
bjhlu;fis mwpnthk;/ bjhlu;e;J bra;nthk;.
1. xU jdpr;brhw;bwhlupy; Xu; vGthnah gy vGtha;fnsh ,Ue;J xU gadpiyiaf;
bfhz;L mika[k;.
v.fh: m) nkup ngUe;jpw;fhff; fhj;jpUe;jhu;.
M) nkupa[k; fdfht[k; ngUe;jpy; Vwpdu;.
2. bjhlu; brhw;bwhlu;/ xd;Wf;Fk; nkw;gl;l gadpiyiaf; bfhz;L ,Uf;Fk;.
v.fh: m) ,dpa epyh ngr;Rg; nghl;oapy; g=;nfw;whu;;" btw;wp bgw;whu;" gupirj; jl;or;
brd;whu;.
M) md;tu; mu=;fj;jpw;F te;J ehlfk; ghu;j;J/ kfpH;r;rp mile;jhu;.
3. fyitr; brhw;bwhlupy; fUj;J KGik bgw;w xU Kjd;ikj; bjhlUk; fUj;J KGik
bgwhj Jizj; bjhlu;fSk; fye;J tUk;.
v.fh: m) kiH bfhl;of; bfhz;oUe;jhYk; gfytd; gs;spf;F ele;J te;jhd;.
gfytd; gs;spf;F ele;J te;jhd; ? Kjd;ikj; bjhlu;
kiH bfhl;of; bfhz;oUe;jhYk; ? Jizj; bjhlu;

www.tnpscjob.com
 316 Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH Mk; tFg;g[

19. kiyg;gFjpapy; mupajhff; fpilf;Fk; bey;ypf;fdp. mJ ePz;l Ma[s; jUk;. mjpand ePtpu;
cz;zhJ. vk; rhjy; xHpa bfhLj;j bgUkfnd vd;W thH;j;Jfpwhu; xsitahu;. ,jidg;
g[wg;bghUs; btz;gh khiy TWk; ,yf;fzk; tHp tpsf;Ff.
g[wg;bghUs; btz;ghkhiy TWk; ,yf;fzk; :
ghLtjw;Fj; jFjp cila Xu; MSikahsupd; fy;tp/ tPuk;/ bry;tk;/ g[fH;/ fUiz
Kjypatw;iwg; nghw;wpg;ghLtJ ghlhz; jpizahFk;.
tpsf;fk; :
mjpakhdpd; g[fiH xsitahu; ghLtjhy;/ ,BJ ghlhz; jpizahFk;.

rpWtpdh
1. g[wj;jpiz vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit> tpsf;Ff.
g[wj;jpiz 12 tifg;gLk;. mit:
ŒŒ btl;rpj;jpiz ? epiu ftu;jy;
ŒŒ fue;ijj;jpiz ? epiu kPl;ly;
ŒŒ t+;rpj;jpiz ? t+;rpg;g{ No nghUf;Fr; bry;Yjy;
ŒŒ fh+;rpj;jpiz ? fh+;rpg;g{ No vjpu;j;Jg; nghuply;
ŒŒ behr;rpj;jpiz ? nfhl;iliaf; fhf;f cs;spUe;J nghupLjy;
ŒŒ cHpi+j;jpiz ? nfhl;iliaf; ifg;gw;w Rw;wp tisj;jy;.
ŒŒ Jk;igj;jpiz ? typikia epiyehl;l fsk; Fwpj;Jg; nghupLjy;
ŒŒ thifj;jpiz ? nghupy; btw;wp bgw;wtd; thif No kfpH;jy;
ŒŒ ghlhz;jpiz ? nghiu kl;Lk; brhy;yhJ kd;ddpd; nguhz;ikfisg; ghLtJ
ŒŒ bghJtpay; ? g[wj;jpizfspy; bghJthdtw;iwa[k;/ mtw;Ws;
Twg;glhjdtw;iwa[k; TWtJ.
,ay; 7

ŒŒ iff;fpis bgUe;jpiz ? xUjiyf;fhkk;

ŒŒ bgUe;jpiz ? bghUe;jhf;fhkk;

bkhHpia Ms;nthk; gf;fk;: 180

bkhHpbgau;f;f.
Among the five geographical divisions of the Tamil country in Sangam literature, the Marutam region
was the fit for cultivation, as it had the most fertile lands. The property of a farmer depended on getting the
necessary sunlight, seasonal rains and the fertility of the soil. Among these elements of nature, sunlight was
considered indispensable by the ancient Tamils.

tpil:
kUj epyk;
gz;ila r=;f ,yf;fpa fhyj;jpy;/ g{nfhs mog;gilapy; (epy mikg;g[g;go) jkpH;ehL
Ie;J tifahf ,Ue;jJ. mtw;Ws; kUj epyg;gFjpna cHt[j; bjhHpYf;F Vw;wjha; ,Ue;jJ.
me;j epyg;gFjpapy; tptrhapfs; (cHtu;fs;) gad;bgWk; tifahd njitahd gUt
fhy=;fs; rpwe;jpUe;jJ. njitahd Nupa btg;gk;/ tskhd epyk;/ nghJkhd mst[ kiHa[k;
,Ue;jJ. mjdhy; tptrhak; brHpj;jJ. kUj epyj;jpd; ,aw;iff; TWfshYk;/ nghJkhd
Nupa btg;gj;jpdhYk; gHe;jkpHfj;jpy; kUjepyj;jpy; cHt[j;bjhHpy; rpwe;jpUe;jJ.

www.tnpscjob.com
 Mk; tFg;g[ Nh;ah ,sikj;jkpnH 357

3. Js;snyhir : fd;W Js;spdhw;nghyr; rPu;njhWe; Js;sptUk; Xir. mjhtJ jhH;e;J

cau;e;J tUtJ
4. J}=;fnyhir : rPu;njhWe; Js;shJ J}=;fptUk; Xir/
jhH;e;nj tUtJ ? ahg;gjpfhuk;/ g[ytu; FHe;ij

bkhHpia Ms;nthk; gf;fk;: 199

bkhHpbgau;g;g[:
 Once upon a time there were two beggars in Rome. The first beggar used to cry in the streets
of the city, “He is helped whom God helps”. The Second beggar used to cry, “He is helped who the king
helps”. This was repeated by them everyday. The Emperor of Rome heard it so often that he decided to help
the beggar who popularized him in the streets of Rome. He ordered a loaf of bread to be baked and filled
with pieces of gold. When the beggar felt the heavy weight of the bread, he sold it to his friend as soon as
he met him. The latter carried it home. When he cut the loaf of bread he found sparkling pieces of gold.
Thanking God, he stopped begging from that day. But the other continued to beg through the city. Puzzled
by the beggar’s behaviour, the Emperor summoned him to his presence and asked him, “What have you
done with the loaf of bread that I had sent you lately?” The man replied, “I sold it to my friend, because
it was heavy and did not seem well baked” Then the Emperor said, “Truly he whom God helps is helped
indeed,” and turned the beggar out of his palace.

jkpHhf;fk;:
ŒŒ 
Kd;bghUehs; nuhk; efupy; ,uz;L gpr;irf;fhuu;fs; ,Ue;jdu;. Kjy; gpr;irf;fhud;
flt[s; vg;goahtJ ahu; @ykhtJ vdf;F cjt[thu; vd;W fz;zPu; tpl;lhd;. ,uz;lhk;
gpr;irf;fhud; kd;didg; g[fH;e;J ghodhy; kd;dd; fhg;ghd; vd;whd;. jpdKk; ,UtUk;
,g;gona brhy;ypf;bfhz;L ,Ue;jhu;fs;.
ŒŒ nuhk; muru; jd;idg; gw;wpg; ngrpg; g[fH;e;J vg;goahtJ jhd; ghJfhg;ngd; vd;W ek;g[fpw
gpr;irf;fhuDf;F cjt tpUk;gpdhu;.

,ay; 8
ŒŒ ePskhd buhl;og; bghl;lyj;jpy;/ buhl;oj; Jz;Lfs; eLnt rpy bghw;fhRfis itj;Jf;
bfhLj;jhd;.
ŒŒ ,uz;lhk; gpr;irf;fhud; buhl;oj; Jz;L bghl;lyk; fdkhf ,Uf;fpwJ" tpw;why; gzk;
rk;ghjpf;fyhk; vd;W Kjy; gpr;irf;fhudhd ez;gdplk; tpw;WtpLfpwhd;.
ŒŒ ,g;gona buhl;oj; Jz;il jpdKk; tpw;fpwhd;. mjid th=;Fk; Kjyhk; gpr;irf;fhud;
buhl;oj;Jz;il btl;og;ghu;j;jhy; jpdKk; bghw;fhRfs; kpd;dpd.
ŒŒ jpdKk; flt[Sf;F ed;wp brhy;yp bghw;fhRfis vLj;J itj;J nru;j;J itj;jhd;. gpr;ir
vLg;gij epWj;jp tpLfpwhd;.
ŒŒ 
,uz;lhk; gpr;irf;fhud; bjhlu;e;J tPjpfspy; gpr;ir vLj;Jf;bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpwhd;.
kd;dd; mtid miHj;J ehd; bfhLj;j buhl;og; bghl;ly=;fis vd;d bra;jha; vd;W
nfl;lhu;.
ŒŒ 
mJ vLj;Jr;bry;y fdkhf ,Ue;jgoahy; vd; gpr;irf;fhu ez;gdplk; mjid
tpw;Wtpl;nld; vd;whd;.
ŒŒ kd;du; jdf;Fs; epidj;Jf;bfhz;lhu;. ``flt[s; jd;idj; njLgtu;fSf;F cz;ikapny
ahu; @ykhtJ cjt[fpwhu;~~ ,uz;lhk; gpr;irf;fhudplk; jpUk;gp/ `rup eP nghfyhk;~ vd;W
muz;kidapy; ,Ue;J btspnawr; brhd;dhu;.

www.tnpscjob.com